Entrance to the 16th century Jean Cousin home in Sens
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"Sens Cathedral (French: Cathédrale Saint-Étienne de Sens) is a Catholic cathedral in Sens in Burgundy, eastern France. It was one of the earliest Gothic buildings in the country, and the largest of the early Gothic churches. The choir was begun in 1140. As was typical in cathedral construction work progressed westwards, building the nave, with the west front completed around 1200. The structure was finally completed in the 16th century. The architecture of its choir influenced, through the architect William of Sens, that of the choir of Canterbury Cathedral." (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sens_Cathedral)
The conquest of Burgundy by France in 1477 led to near-total destruction of the ruling family's property. This huge base shows six Prophets, sculpted by Claus Sluter (1340-1405). It can be found in the center of a major psychiatric hospital.
Burg 033 Moses and David on Well of Moses Dijon.jpg
Three significant North African states fell under French colonial domination in the 19th century. From the mid 20th century on, cuisine from that area became popular with the French due to its low cost, tastiness and interesting spices
Burg 024 North African fast food Lyon.JPG
Lying on the main road between Paris and Lyon, Dijon occupies a strategic position. It was settled well before the Roman conquest. This gate protected the capital of the Roman province, whichlater became the capital of the dukes of Burgundy.
This one-time stone and brick gate was one of Dijon's main entrances during the Roman empire. While the stone has weathered reasonably well, despite acid rain and other pollution, bricks inside the archway have been eroded significantly
Burg 031 Eroding bricks Roman gate Dijon.JPG
Featuring a façade and numerous other sculptures by the famous Gislebertus (active at Autun between ~1120 and 1135), the Autun Cathedral drew pilgrims headed to Santiago to Compostela in NW Spain for hundreds of years. Whether Gislebertus was the actual sculptor or the donor has been disputed, however. His name can be readily discerned with binoculars on the west tympanum.
Burg 030 West entrance Autun cathdral J and Trudi.JPG
This elegant design combines the slender lines of Gothic structures, curvilinearity, and hard stone worn over hundreds of years
Burg 029 Spiral staircase Autun cathedral.JPG
Gothic cathedral builders sought height, light and elegance in supporting arches. All are well exemplified in this interior
Burg 028 Interior arches Autun cathedral.JPG
This quiet hotel courtyard in the village of Autun once housed an Ursuline convent, disbanded during the Revolution
Burg 027a Medieval hotel courtyard Autun France.JPG
Because of its pedestrian-friendly setting, Old Lyon features many sidewalk cafes well away from vehicles - though not from people walking by
The large public square in front of the Cathedral of St. Jean is lively at all seasons with playing children, beer drinkers, and visitors waiting the hour to come and the clock to strike
Burg 026 In front of St. Jean cathedral Lyon France.JPG
The cathedral is a good example of French Gothic styling. Construction stretched over three centuries. Most noteworthy is the old clock atop the east entrance, which announces each hour with a rooster crowing and angels blowing their trumpets
Burg 023 Lyon cathedral from west end.JPG
Located next to the Cathedral of St. Jean, this plain stone structure has been repurposed several times
Burg 025 Old building north of St. Jean Lyon.JPG
This employee - or perhaps proprietor - keeps the pavement outside his shop neat
Burg 022a Proprietor sweeping street Old Lyon France.JPG
The grounds of Basilica of Notre-Dame de Fourvi?Àre provide a fine view over the city of Lyon and the Rhone. The site's defensive value was recognized centuries earlier.
Burg 015 Lyon from Basilica of Notre-Dame de Fourvi?Àre.JPG
Known as 'traboules,' these interior stairwells link buildings at many different levels and addresses. During World War II and the German occupation, the traboules became escape routes for maquisards, as the resistance fighters were known
Burg 022 Traboule stairway Lyon EXPLAIN.JPG
The proprietor of this shop displays his most tempting items for casual walkers on this pedestrian-only street
Similar to Punch and Judy shows, Grand Guignol puppeteers both amuse and frighten children with their displays of violence and reconciliation.
Burg 020 Grand Guignol puppets Old Lyon.JPG
The old section of Lyon features vehicle-free cobbled streets, designed for strolling and displays of tempting merchandise
France was a significant pioneer in providing bicycles for public access and short-term rentals
The Gallo-Roman museum in Lyon houses numerous top-quality mosaics from craftsmen of the first millennium, such as this fine example
Burg 017 Jeannette early Xian church mosaic Lyon Gallo Romain.jpg
The stairwells between the apse and crypt of Notre-Dame de Fourviere contain praise to the Virgin in dozens of languages
Burg 015c Stairway with Ave Maria in numerous languages Basilica of Notre-Dame de Fourvi?Àre Lyon.JPG
The basilica of Notre-Dame de Fourviere. Particularly its interior, shows an extravagant style of pious architecture.
Burg 015b South porch of Basilica of Notre-Dame de Fourvi?Àre Lyon with figures of Mary.JPG
To reach the Basilica of Notre-Dame de Fourviere, those not wanting the hike or twisty drive can take this convenient tram
Queen Claude, the short-lived wife of Francois 1, had seven children before dying at age 24.
Residents of South Sudan - as of 2014 the world's youngest and among its poorest countries - get their food in small rural markets of this sort. The site picture is in a suburb of the capital!
Almost all of Africa has two seasons, wet and dry. This picture shows a typical scene during the 9-10 months when no rain falls.
Africans learn early in life to balance and carry loads effectively on their heads - even some highly unusual ones to Western eyes
Because of the day's heat, these Malawian children have clusteed together for shelter
At the time of this photo in 1973, practically no schools existed in Ethiopia's rural areas. Girls became involved in household tasks such as bringing water from wells, pumps or small reservoirs several times per day
Throughout tropical Africa, women dominate small-scale commerce, save for butchery and a few other areas. These Yoruba women show how easily Africans balance large loads on their heads, the best way to support heavy weights and ensure good posture.
This murky reservoir serves hundreds of Ethiopians, who live in Axum, the country's most sacred city. Without exception, the job of getting water falls on women, many of them pre-teen agers
Women carrying firewood near Abuja Nigeria
In the world's poorest countries, country dwellers cook using firewood gathered locally. (Ironically, Nigeria has plenty of wealth from oil production, but practically none of it reaches rural areas.) Solar-power stoves remain expensive - and wood has become extremely hard to find near large villages. These women live close to Nigeria's capital Abuja, situated in the dry central part of the country.
Looming 3500 feet above the city of Cape Town, Table Mountain provides splendid views across the Cape Flats and the South Atlantic.
This house stands in Nigeria's 'Middle Belt,' a transition zone between moist rainforest and very dry parts of the Sahel. Everything was made from natural material, including the wall designed to keep out cattle and potentially deadly animals
When it became independent in 1957, Ghana enjoyed substantial financial reserves, which were invested in numerous projects. The University was established in 1948, and subsequently expanded considerably. This tower, atop the highest point on the campus, dominates the area around
One of the greatest issues faced by these sellers comes during the harvest. Because of the lack of electricity and refrigeration, tons of food rot each year. Ironically, an attempt by the Ghanian government to establish a ketchup factory failed a few years later
South Sudan's heat, poverty and low rates of literacy interact to make open-air schools an appropriate solution
Tissisat (or, Blue Nile) Falls, Ethiopia
The Blue Nile rises in the highlands of Ethiopia. At these falls, it drops ~135', amply justifying the name of the river as 'smoking water.'
Early morning, Togo independent monument
The small West African republic of Togo honors in 1960 independence via this monument. It combines the silhouette of a struggling person with a woman carrying a star (a single star appears on the country's flag)
Why not use no-cost natural materials to build your house? This home has a palm thatch roof atop walls made of sun-dried earth
One of the first post-independence actions throughout Asia and Africa was to remove or repurpose monuments from countries' pre-independence periods. These mouldering statues of former French administrators fitting look toward the setting sun in Conakry
Both when this picture was taken and the present, girls attended school at significantly lower rates than boys
Ethiopia underwent a bloody jilitary coup and revolution between 1974 and 1976, leading to the dictatorship of Mengistu Haile Mariam.
A few hundred meters from this small market is located a UNESCO World Cultural Site: the monolithic churches of Lalibela. Located about 8200' above sea level, a 12th-century Ethiopian envisaged his village as a new Jerusalem.
A new post office had just been opened in this village, leading to dance displays and even a radio reporter recording the music
Non-functioning sink, University of Lagos guesthouse
Although Nigeria is one of the world's major producers of oil, much of the wealth it produces has been siphoned off by corruption, conflict and grandiose schemes. To get potable water at the University of Lagos guest house, I had to buy bottles at local markets
The cliffs, treacherous currents and waves combine to make this area picturesque
A creative adaptation of modern technology to an age-old question of transporting loads
This picture typifies rural markets throughout Africa. It was taken the day before President Kennedy was shot. The passage of time hasn't changed such market's structure and functioning, however.
Much of Ethiopia lies over a mile above sea level, meaning nights are cold. The women and girls in this market trade their handicrafts and other products to support their families.
English serves as South Sudan's official language. Given the high rate of illiteracy - an average of under 20% when this picture was taken - the spelling error is understandable.
Sign reads: "God Never Sleep Ghana Alcoholic Distiller Akorabo Society P.O. Box 2 Akorabo"
Ghana Revolutionary discipline billboard
Fresco of St. George in the Church of Saint George, Lalibela, Ethiopia
Dutch inscription on a tomb in Elmina, Ghana
Ferry landing on the Kadéï River in Cameroon
Sign warning of landmines in South Sudan
Sign reads: "Stop! Danger Demining On Progress"
Cape Coast Castle is one of about forty "slave castles", or large commercial forts, built on the Gold Coast of West Africa (now Ghana) by European traders. It was originally built by the Swedes for trade in timber and gold, but later used in the trans-Atlantic slave trade. Other Ghanaian slave castles include Elmina Castle and Fort Christiansborg. They were used to hold slaves before they were loaded onto ships and sold in the Americas, especially the Caribbean. This “gate of no return” was the last stop before crossing the Atlantic Ocean. (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cape_Coast_Castle)
Bus stop in South Africa with people in blankets
Payment of dowries to prospective husbands has become a major financial burden for many Indian families. This ad is 'modern' both by being in English and in its message.
Women often carry their family's wealth in their jewelry. Stores like this attract many.
Shoppers and sales attendants, upscale Indian store
Given India's high population, stores often have more sales personnel than purchasers.
These low-caste girls are attending classes designed to them deal with inequalities in the official educational system.
In Hindu symbolism, the swastika dates back thousands of years, representing the four directions and the foursome of Dharma, wealth, desire and liberation. It is also used in advertising, as shown here.
These low-caste boys are attending classes designed to them deal with inequalities in the official educational system.
Because of poverty and low social status, Dalit children have higher failure rates on official tests than children from higher groups. This privately-funded school helps Dalits via special classes and tutorials.
Ambedkar (1891-1956) is unquestionably the most important symbol to Dalit ('untouchable') people. His portrait can be found wherever Dalits live. Among the key identifying symbols are his glasses, the Indian constitution under his left arm, the flag of India, and the Buddha
Both women - likely from low parts of Hindu society - labor in the hot Indian sun to hand-make bricks from local clay
Note the beehive-shaped oven in the back, where bricks likely handcrafted by this group will be baked from local earth
This woman was likely born to parents with similar 'degrading' occupations, including sweeping streets. Caste or jati is hereditary, with upward mobility being very difficult.
Descent of the Ganges is a monument at Mahabalipuram, on the Coromandel Coast of the Bay of Bengal, in the Kancheepuram district of the state of Tamil Nadu, India. Measuring 96 by 43 feet (29 m x 13 m), it is a giant open-air relief carved of two monolithic rock boulders. The legend depicted in the bas-relief is the story of the descent of the sacred river Ganges to earth from the heavens led by Bhagiratha. The waters of the Ganges are believed to possess supernatural powers. The descent of the Ganges and Arjuna's Penance are portrayed in stone at the Pallava heritage site. The bas-relief is more of a canvas of Indian rock cut sculpture at its best not seen anywhere in India. It is one of the Group of Monuments at Mahabalipuram that were designated as a UNESCO World Heritage Site since 1984. (from Wikipedia)
This highly elaborate temple and its courtyard are known as symbols of the Tamil people, one of India's largest language groups (~6% of the total populace)
Statues of Hindu figures predominate in this south Indian workshop
Pancha Rathas (also known as Pandava Rathas) is a monument complex at Mahabalipuram, on the Coromandel Coast of the Bay of Bengal, in the Kancheepuram district of the state of Tamil Nadu, India. (from Wikipedia)
In addition to the rich color and detail of this portal, note the number of electric lines, many of them illegal connections
Pancha Rathas (also known as Pandava Rathas) is a monument complex at Mahabalipuram, on the Coromandel Coast of the Bay of Bengal, in the Kancheepuram district of the state of Tamil Nadu, India. Pancha Rathas is an example of monolithic Indian rock-cut architecture. Dating from the late 7th century, it is attributed to the reign of King Mahendravarman I and his son Narasimhavarman I also called Mamalla, or "great warrior") of the Pallava Kingdom. An innovation of Narasimhavarman, the structures are without any precedent in Indian architecture. The complex is under the auspices of the Archaeological Survey of India (ASI) and is part of the UNESCO World Heritage site inscribed by UNESCO as Group of Monuments at Mahabalipuram. (from Wikipedia)
Produced between 1958 and 2014, the 'Ambassador' served as a mainstay of the Indian automobile industry and taxi services
Indian cuisine can be broadly divided between north and south, depending largely on available vegetables
Despite his association with Christmas, Santa Claus has become a symbol of gift-giving in many non-Christian countries. This example comes from southern India.
Manger scene and religious statues, SW India
Santa Claus appears incongruously beside this minature manger
Archbishop Makarios shows Professor Jeannette Ludwig the means by which latex is tapped
The color of their vestments indicate the ranks of these Mar Thoma/Syrian Orthodox Church priests, ranging from the head of the order in red to seminarians.
The Reverend Makarios headed this church in the early 21st century. The Orthodox Syrian Church traces its roots to the first century of the Common Era, when St. Thomas is said to have visited southwest India and converted high-caste Hindus to Christianity. To this day, 'Mar Thoma' priests (as they are called) remain celibate, drawn from the top ranks of society.