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                  <text>Towarzystwo Łączności z Polonią Zagraniczną "Polonia” Collection</text>
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                  <text>&lt;p&gt;The Towarzystwo Łączności z Polonią Zagraniczną "Polonia” Collection is an assortment of photographs created by the Ministry of Internal Affairs in communist Poland sent to the United States’ “Polonia,” or, areas or countries with a significant community of Poles outside of Poland. These photographs, most likely sent out in series, date from the 1960s to the early 1970s.  The University at Buffalo’s collection is made up of 32 folders containing 461 photographs that pertain to an assortment of topics highlighting Poland’s cultural, historical, technological and industrial advances, especially during the period of communist rule. The University at Buffalo Libraries have digitized these photographs and have attempted to maintain the original order of the series.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;This collection of propaganda photographs portrays selections of Polish culture, meant to show the country in the most advantageous fashion. Series in the collection include photographs of famous professors, actors, and musicians. There are also series featuring important industrial, historical and educational institutions, including bustling, modern cities and relaxing vacation destinations, according to the Polish Ministry of Internal Affairs.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;This collection was created by the &lt;em&gt;Towarzystwo Łączności z Polonią Zagraniczną "Polonia,”&lt;/em&gt; which translates to the &lt;em&gt;Society for Foreign Liaison with Poles, “Polonia.”&lt;/em&gt; This group wanted to establish a relationship between Polish people at home and abroad. The Towarzystwo Łączności z Polonią Zagraniczną "Polonia” and the Ministry of Internal Affairs in communist Poland aimed to give a broad and positive overview of life in Poland for those who emigrated and those with Polish heritage.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The photographs themselves were taken by the &lt;em&gt;Centralna Agencja Fotograficzna&lt;/em&gt; which translates to the &lt;em&gt;Central Photographic Agency&lt;/em&gt;. This agency operated from 1951 to 1991 and released millions of photographs.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Historians have noted that during this time in Poland, there was a “propaganda of success.” This meant “[m]edia reporting bloated domestic economic results and political accomplishments and glowingly described the party leader’s close contacts with foreign heads of state. Never had Poland’s stature in the international community been so great, propaganda repeated” (Taras, 1984, p. 145). This tone of flawless accomplishment appears to have bled into this collection. Many of the photograph descriptions boast Poland’s accomplishments while ignoring serious economic, cultural and societal problems.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p&gt;Works Cited&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Narodowe Archiwum Cyfrowe. (2015). &lt;em&gt;Centralna Agencja Fotograficzna.&lt;/em&gt; Retrieved from &lt;a href="http://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&amp;amp;sl=pl&amp;amp;u=http://www.nac.gov.pl/caf&amp;amp;prev=search"&gt;http://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&amp;amp;sl=pl&amp;amp;u=http://www.nac.gov.pl/caf&amp;amp;prev=search&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Nitschke, B. (December 2012). Działalność towarzystwa łączności z Polonią zagraniczną „Polonia” wobec polskiej emigracji w latach 1955-1970. &lt;em&gt;Annales UMCS, Sectio K (Politologia),&lt;/em&gt; &lt;em&gt;19&lt;/em&gt;(1): 159–185. DOI: 10.2478/v10226-012-0007-9.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Taras, R. (1984). &lt;em&gt;Ideology in a socialist state.&lt;/em&gt; Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.&lt;/p&gt;</text>
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                <text>Industry of Poland, [no.17]</text>
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                <text>Automobile industry and trade -- Poland -- Katowice </text>
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                <text>Szybki rozwój motoryzacji w Polsce, pociągnął za sobą konieczność budowy większej ilości stacji obsługi. Buduje się ich ostatnio wiele. Na zdj.:przeznaczona specjalnie do obsługi Fiata 125P, w Katowicach.</text>
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                <text>The rapid development of automotive industry in Poland, resulted in the need to build more service stations. Lately, a lot of them are built. In the photo: Specially designed to handle the Fiat 125P, in Katowice.</text>
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                  <text>Towarzystwo Łączności z Polonią Zagraniczną "Polonia” Collection</text>
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                  <text>&lt;p&gt;The Towarzystwo Łączności z Polonią Zagraniczną "Polonia” Collection is an assortment of photographs created by the Ministry of Internal Affairs in communist Poland sent to the United States’ “Polonia,” or, areas or countries with a significant community of Poles outside of Poland. These photographs, most likely sent out in series, date from the 1960s to the early 1970s.  The University at Buffalo’s collection is made up of 32 folders containing 461 photographs that pertain to an assortment of topics highlighting Poland’s cultural, historical, technological and industrial advances, especially during the period of communist rule. The University at Buffalo Libraries have digitized these photographs and have attempted to maintain the original order of the series.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;This collection of propaganda photographs portrays selections of Polish culture, meant to show the country in the most advantageous fashion. Series in the collection include photographs of famous professors, actors, and musicians. There are also series featuring important industrial, historical and educational institutions, including bustling, modern cities and relaxing vacation destinations, according to the Polish Ministry of Internal Affairs.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;This collection was created by the &lt;em&gt;Towarzystwo Łączności z Polonią Zagraniczną "Polonia,”&lt;/em&gt; which translates to the &lt;em&gt;Society for Foreign Liaison with Poles, “Polonia.”&lt;/em&gt; This group wanted to establish a relationship between Polish people at home and abroad. The Towarzystwo Łączności z Polonią Zagraniczną "Polonia” and the Ministry of Internal Affairs in communist Poland aimed to give a broad and positive overview of life in Poland for those who emigrated and those with Polish heritage.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The photographs themselves were taken by the &lt;em&gt;Centralna Agencja Fotograficzna&lt;/em&gt; which translates to the &lt;em&gt;Central Photographic Agency&lt;/em&gt;. This agency operated from 1951 to 1991 and released millions of photographs.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Historians have noted that during this time in Poland, there was a “propaganda of success.” This meant “[m]edia reporting bloated domestic economic results and political accomplishments and glowingly described the party leader’s close contacts with foreign heads of state. Never had Poland’s stature in the international community been so great, propaganda repeated” (Taras, 1984, p. 145). This tone of flawless accomplishment appears to have bled into this collection. Many of the photograph descriptions boast Poland’s accomplishments while ignoring serious economic, cultural and societal problems.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p&gt;Works Cited&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Narodowe Archiwum Cyfrowe. (2015). &lt;em&gt;Centralna Agencja Fotograficzna.&lt;/em&gt; Retrieved from &lt;a href="http://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&amp;amp;sl=pl&amp;amp;u=http://www.nac.gov.pl/caf&amp;amp;prev=search"&gt;http://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&amp;amp;sl=pl&amp;amp;u=http://www.nac.gov.pl/caf&amp;amp;prev=search&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Nitschke, B. (December 2012). Działalność towarzystwa łączności z Polonią zagraniczną „Polonia” wobec polskiej emigracji w latach 1955-1970. &lt;em&gt;Annales UMCS, Sectio K (Politologia),&lt;/em&gt; &lt;em&gt;19&lt;/em&gt;(1): 159–185. DOI: 10.2478/v10226-012-0007-9.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Taras, R. (1984). &lt;em&gt;Ideology in a socialist state.&lt;/em&gt; Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.&lt;/p&gt;</text>
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                <text>Libraries, Newspapers, and Bookstores in Poland, [no. 4]</text>
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                <text>Rośnie zainteresowanie książką polską w świecie. Bierzemy udział w Międzynarodowych Targach Książki -w wielu krajach. Książki polskie uzyskują wiele nagród za poziom edytorski i za szatę graficzną. Na zdjęciu: stoisko polskie na Międzynarodowych Targach Książki we Frankfurcie nad Menem.</text>
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                <text>There is growing interest in Polish books in the world. We take part in the International Fair of Books in many countries. Polish books gain many awards at the editorial level and the layout. In the photo: Polish booth at the International Book Fair in Frankfurt am Main.</text>
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                  <text>&lt;p&gt;The Towarzystwo Łączności z Polonią Zagraniczną "Polonia” Collection is an assortment of photographs created by the Ministry of Internal Affairs in communist Poland sent to the United States’ “Polonia,” or, areas or countries with a significant community of Poles outside of Poland. These photographs, most likely sent out in series, date from the 1960s to the early 1970s.  The University at Buffalo’s collection is made up of 32 folders containing 461 photographs that pertain to an assortment of topics highlighting Poland’s cultural, historical, technological and industrial advances, especially during the period of communist rule. The University at Buffalo Libraries have digitized these photographs and have attempted to maintain the original order of the series.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;This collection of propaganda photographs portrays selections of Polish culture, meant to show the country in the most advantageous fashion. Series in the collection include photographs of famous professors, actors, and musicians. There are also series featuring important industrial, historical and educational institutions, including bustling, modern cities and relaxing vacation destinations, according to the Polish Ministry of Internal Affairs.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;This collection was created by the &lt;em&gt;Towarzystwo Łączności z Polonią Zagraniczną "Polonia,”&lt;/em&gt; which translates to the &lt;em&gt;Society for Foreign Liaison with Poles, “Polonia.”&lt;/em&gt; This group wanted to establish a relationship between Polish people at home and abroad. The Towarzystwo Łączności z Polonią Zagraniczną "Polonia” and the Ministry of Internal Affairs in communist Poland aimed to give a broad and positive overview of life in Poland for those who emigrated and those with Polish heritage.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The photographs themselves were taken by the &lt;em&gt;Centralna Agencja Fotograficzna&lt;/em&gt; which translates to the &lt;em&gt;Central Photographic Agency&lt;/em&gt;. This agency operated from 1951 to 1991 and released millions of photographs.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Historians have noted that during this time in Poland, there was a “propaganda of success.” This meant “[m]edia reporting bloated domestic economic results and political accomplishments and glowingly described the party leader’s close contacts with foreign heads of state. Never had Poland’s stature in the international community been so great, propaganda repeated” (Taras, 1984, p. 145). This tone of flawless accomplishment appears to have bled into this collection. Many of the photograph descriptions boast Poland’s accomplishments while ignoring serious economic, cultural and societal problems.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p&gt;Works Cited&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Narodowe Archiwum Cyfrowe. (2015). &lt;em&gt;Centralna Agencja Fotograficzna.&lt;/em&gt; Retrieved from &lt;a href="http://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&amp;amp;sl=pl&amp;amp;u=http://www.nac.gov.pl/caf&amp;amp;prev=search"&gt;http://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&amp;amp;sl=pl&amp;amp;u=http://www.nac.gov.pl/caf&amp;amp;prev=search&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Nitschke, B. (December 2012). Działalność towarzystwa łączności z Polonią zagraniczną „Polonia” wobec polskiej emigracji w latach 1955-1970. &lt;em&gt;Annales UMCS, Sectio K (Politologia),&lt;/em&gt; &lt;em&gt;19&lt;/em&gt;(1): 159–185. DOI: 10.2478/v10226-012-0007-9.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Taras, R. (1984). &lt;em&gt;Ideology in a socialist state.&lt;/em&gt; Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.&lt;/p&gt;</text>
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                  <text>&lt;p&gt;The Towarzystwo Łączności z Polonią Zagraniczną "Polonia” Collection is an assortment of photographs created by the Ministry of Internal Affairs in communist Poland sent to the United States’ “Polonia,” or, areas or countries with a significant community of Poles outside of Poland. These photographs, most likely sent out in series, date from the 1960s to the early 1970s.  The University at Buffalo’s collection is made up of 32 folders containing 461 photographs that pertain to an assortment of topics highlighting Poland’s cultural, historical, technological and industrial advances, especially during the period of communist rule. The University at Buffalo Libraries have digitized these photographs and have attempted to maintain the original order of the series.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;This collection of propaganda photographs portrays selections of Polish culture, meant to show the country in the most advantageous fashion. Series in the collection include photographs of famous professors, actors, and musicians. There are also series featuring important industrial, historical and educational institutions, including bustling, modern cities and relaxing vacation destinations, according to the Polish Ministry of Internal Affairs.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;This collection was created by the &lt;em&gt;Towarzystwo Łączności z Polonią Zagraniczną "Polonia,”&lt;/em&gt; which translates to the &lt;em&gt;Society for Foreign Liaison with Poles, “Polonia.”&lt;/em&gt; This group wanted to establish a relationship between Polish people at home and abroad. The Towarzystwo Łączności z Polonią Zagraniczną "Polonia” and the Ministry of Internal Affairs in communist Poland aimed to give a broad and positive overview of life in Poland for those who emigrated and those with Polish heritage.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The photographs themselves were taken by the &lt;em&gt;Centralna Agencja Fotograficzna&lt;/em&gt; which translates to the &lt;em&gt;Central Photographic Agency&lt;/em&gt;. This agency operated from 1951 to 1991 and released millions of photographs.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Historians have noted that during this time in Poland, there was a “propaganda of success.” This meant “[m]edia reporting bloated domestic economic results and political accomplishments and glowingly described the party leader’s close contacts with foreign heads of state. Never had Poland’s stature in the international community been so great, propaganda repeated” (Taras, 1984, p. 145). This tone of flawless accomplishment appears to have bled into this collection. Many of the photograph descriptions boast Poland’s accomplishments while ignoring serious economic, cultural and societal problems.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p&gt;Works Cited&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Narodowe Archiwum Cyfrowe. (2015). &lt;em&gt;Centralna Agencja Fotograficzna.&lt;/em&gt; Retrieved from &lt;a href="http://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&amp;amp;sl=pl&amp;amp;u=http://www.nac.gov.pl/caf&amp;amp;prev=search"&gt;http://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&amp;amp;sl=pl&amp;amp;u=http://www.nac.gov.pl/caf&amp;amp;prev=search&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Nitschke, B. (December 2012). Działalność towarzystwa łączności z Polonią zagraniczną „Polonia” wobec polskiej emigracji w latach 1955-1970. &lt;em&gt;Annales UMCS, Sectio K (Politologia),&lt;/em&gt; &lt;em&gt;19&lt;/em&gt;(1): 159–185. DOI: 10.2478/v10226-012-0007-9.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Taras, R. (1984). &lt;em&gt;Ideology in a socialist state.&lt;/em&gt; Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.&lt;/p&gt;</text>
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                <text>Libraries, Newspapers, and Bookstores in Poland, [no. 8]</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="468411">
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                <text>Liczni uczestnicy kursów języków obcych korzystają z prasy obcojęzycznej w
Międzynarodowych Klubach Książki i Prasy. Na zdjęciu: w warszawskim klubie.</text>
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                <text>Many participants in language courses benefit from the foreign press in 
International Book and Press Clubs. In the photo: club in Warsaw.</text>
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            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
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                <text>Book clubs (Bookselling) -- Poland</text>
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                <text>State University of New York at Buffalo. Polish Collection</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="1941194">
                <text>&lt;a href="https://rightsstatements.org/page/NoC-US/1.0/"&gt;NO COPYRIGHT – UNITED STATES&lt;/a&gt;. The organization that has made the Item available believes that the Item is in the Public Domain under the laws of the United States, but a determination was not made as to its copyright status under the copyright laws of other countries. The Item may not be in the Public Domain under the laws of other countries. Please refer to the organization that has made the Item available for more information.</text>
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                  <text>&lt;p&gt;The Towarzystwo Łączności z Polonią Zagraniczną "Polonia” Collection is an assortment of photographs created by the Ministry of Internal Affairs in communist Poland sent to the United States’ “Polonia,” or, areas or countries with a significant community of Poles outside of Poland. These photographs, most likely sent out in series, date from the 1960s to the early 1970s.  The University at Buffalo’s collection is made up of 32 folders containing 461 photographs that pertain to an assortment of topics highlighting Poland’s cultural, historical, technological and industrial advances, especially during the period of communist rule. The University at Buffalo Libraries have digitized these photographs and have attempted to maintain the original order of the series.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;This collection of propaganda photographs portrays selections of Polish culture, meant to show the country in the most advantageous fashion. Series in the collection include photographs of famous professors, actors, and musicians. There are also series featuring important industrial, historical and educational institutions, including bustling, modern cities and relaxing vacation destinations, according to the Polish Ministry of Internal Affairs.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;This collection was created by the &lt;em&gt;Towarzystwo Łączności z Polonią Zagraniczną "Polonia,”&lt;/em&gt; which translates to the &lt;em&gt;Society for Foreign Liaison with Poles, “Polonia.”&lt;/em&gt; This group wanted to establish a relationship between Polish people at home and abroad. The Towarzystwo Łączności z Polonią Zagraniczną "Polonia” and the Ministry of Internal Affairs in communist Poland aimed to give a broad and positive overview of life in Poland for those who emigrated and those with Polish heritage.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The photographs themselves were taken by the &lt;em&gt;Centralna Agencja Fotograficzna&lt;/em&gt; which translates to the &lt;em&gt;Central Photographic Agency&lt;/em&gt;. This agency operated from 1951 to 1991 and released millions of photographs.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Historians have noted that during this time in Poland, there was a “propaganda of success.” This meant “[m]edia reporting bloated domestic economic results and political accomplishments and glowingly described the party leader’s close contacts with foreign heads of state. Never had Poland’s stature in the international community been so great, propaganda repeated” (Taras, 1984, p. 145). This tone of flawless accomplishment appears to have bled into this collection. Many of the photograph descriptions boast Poland’s accomplishments while ignoring serious economic, cultural and societal problems.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p&gt;Works Cited&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Narodowe Archiwum Cyfrowe. (2015). &lt;em&gt;Centralna Agencja Fotograficzna.&lt;/em&gt; Retrieved from &lt;a href="http://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&amp;amp;sl=pl&amp;amp;u=http://www.nac.gov.pl/caf&amp;amp;prev=search"&gt;http://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&amp;amp;sl=pl&amp;amp;u=http://www.nac.gov.pl/caf&amp;amp;prev=search&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Nitschke, B. (December 2012). Działalność towarzystwa łączności z Polonią zagraniczną „Polonia” wobec polskiej emigracji w latach 1955-1970. &lt;em&gt;Annales UMCS, Sectio K (Politologia),&lt;/em&gt; &lt;em&gt;19&lt;/em&gt;(1): 159–185. DOI: 10.2478/v10226-012-0007-9.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Taras, R. (1984). &lt;em&gt;Ideology in a socialist state.&lt;/em&gt; Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.&lt;/p&gt;</text>
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                <text>Wielkim osiągnięciem wydawniczym Państwowego Wydawnictwa Naukowego
jest edycja wielkiej 13 tomowej Encyklopedii Powszechnej, która ukazuje się
w nienotowanym dotychczas nakładzie - ponad 130 tysięcy egzemplarzy.</text>
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circulation in non-listed so far - more than 130,000 copies.</text>
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                  <text>&lt;p&gt;The Towarzystwo Łączności z Polonią Zagraniczną "Polonia” Collection is an assortment of photographs created by the Ministry of Internal Affairs in communist Poland sent to the United States’ “Polonia,” or, areas or countries with a significant community of Poles outside of Poland. These photographs, most likely sent out in series, date from the 1960s to the early 1970s.  The University at Buffalo’s collection is made up of 32 folders containing 461 photographs that pertain to an assortment of topics highlighting Poland’s cultural, historical, technological and industrial advances, especially during the period of communist rule. The University at Buffalo Libraries have digitized these photographs and have attempted to maintain the original order of the series.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;This collection of propaganda photographs portrays selections of Polish culture, meant to show the country in the most advantageous fashion. Series in the collection include photographs of famous professors, actors, and musicians. There are also series featuring important industrial, historical and educational institutions, including bustling, modern cities and relaxing vacation destinations, according to the Polish Ministry of Internal Affairs.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;This collection was created by the &lt;em&gt;Towarzystwo Łączności z Polonią Zagraniczną "Polonia,”&lt;/em&gt; which translates to the &lt;em&gt;Society for Foreign Liaison with Poles, “Polonia.”&lt;/em&gt; This group wanted to establish a relationship between Polish people at home and abroad. The Towarzystwo Łączności z Polonią Zagraniczną "Polonia” and the Ministry of Internal Affairs in communist Poland aimed to give a broad and positive overview of life in Poland for those who emigrated and those with Polish heritage.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The photographs themselves were taken by the &lt;em&gt;Centralna Agencja Fotograficzna&lt;/em&gt; which translates to the &lt;em&gt;Central Photographic Agency&lt;/em&gt;. This agency operated from 1951 to 1991 and released millions of photographs.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Historians have noted that during this time in Poland, there was a “propaganda of success.” This meant “[m]edia reporting bloated domestic economic results and political accomplishments and glowingly described the party leader’s close contacts with foreign heads of state. Never had Poland’s stature in the international community been so great, propaganda repeated” (Taras, 1984, p. 145). This tone of flawless accomplishment appears to have bled into this collection. Many of the photograph descriptions boast Poland’s accomplishments while ignoring serious economic, cultural and societal problems.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p&gt;Works Cited&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Narodowe Archiwum Cyfrowe. (2015). &lt;em&gt;Centralna Agencja Fotograficzna.&lt;/em&gt; Retrieved from &lt;a href="http://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&amp;amp;sl=pl&amp;amp;u=http://www.nac.gov.pl/caf&amp;amp;prev=search"&gt;http://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&amp;amp;sl=pl&amp;amp;u=http://www.nac.gov.pl/caf&amp;amp;prev=search&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Nitschke, B. (December 2012). Działalność towarzystwa łączności z Polonią zagraniczną „Polonia” wobec polskiej emigracji w latach 1955-1970. &lt;em&gt;Annales UMCS, Sectio K (Politologia),&lt;/em&gt; &lt;em&gt;19&lt;/em&gt;(1): 159–185. DOI: 10.2478/v10226-012-0007-9.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Taras, R. (1984). &lt;em&gt;Ideology in a socialist state.&lt;/em&gt; Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.&lt;/p&gt;</text>
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                <text>Libraries, Newspapers, and Bookstores in Poland, [no. 6]</text>
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                <text>Międzynarodowe Targi Książki w Warszawie cieszą się dużą popularnością
wśród znanych wydawców zagranicznych, którzy zawierają tu szereg korzystnych transakcji. Na zdjęciu: stoisko francuskich firm wydawniczych.</text>
              </elementText>
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                <text>International Book Fair in Warsaw are very popular among well-known foreign publishers who include here a number of profitable transactions. In the photo: booth of French publishing companies.</text>
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            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
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            </elementTextContainer>
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              <elementText elementTextId="468397">
                <text>Warsaw</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
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            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="1934617">
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                <text>pol</text>
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            <elementTextContainer>
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                <text>Towarzystwo Łączności z Polonią Zagraniczną "Polonia” Collection. LIB-007</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="1936821">
                <text>State University of New York at Buffalo. Polish Collection</text>
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            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="1941196">
                <text>&lt;a href="https://rightsstatements.org/page/NoC-US/1.0/"&gt;NO COPYRIGHT – UNITED STATES&lt;/a&gt;. The organization that has made the Item available believes that the Item is in the Public Domain under the laws of the United States, but a determination was not made as to its copyright status under the copyright laws of other countries. The Item may not be in the Public Domain under the laws of other countries. Please refer to the organization that has made the Item available for more information.</text>
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                  <text>&lt;p&gt;The Towarzystwo Łączności z Polonią Zagraniczną "Polonia” Collection is an assortment of photographs created by the Ministry of Internal Affairs in communist Poland sent to the United States’ “Polonia,” or, areas or countries with a significant community of Poles outside of Poland. These photographs, most likely sent out in series, date from the 1960s to the early 1970s.  The University at Buffalo’s collection is made up of 32 folders containing 461 photographs that pertain to an assortment of topics highlighting Poland’s cultural, historical, technological and industrial advances, especially during the period of communist rule. The University at Buffalo Libraries have digitized these photographs and have attempted to maintain the original order of the series.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;This collection of propaganda photographs portrays selections of Polish culture, meant to show the country in the most advantageous fashion. Series in the collection include photographs of famous professors, actors, and musicians. There are also series featuring important industrial, historical and educational institutions, including bustling, modern cities and relaxing vacation destinations, according to the Polish Ministry of Internal Affairs.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;This collection was created by the &lt;em&gt;Towarzystwo Łączności z Polonią Zagraniczną "Polonia,”&lt;/em&gt; which translates to the &lt;em&gt;Society for Foreign Liaison with Poles, “Polonia.”&lt;/em&gt; This group wanted to establish a relationship between Polish people at home and abroad. The Towarzystwo Łączności z Polonią Zagraniczną "Polonia” and the Ministry of Internal Affairs in communist Poland aimed to give a broad and positive overview of life in Poland for those who emigrated and those with Polish heritage.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The photographs themselves were taken by the &lt;em&gt;Centralna Agencja Fotograficzna&lt;/em&gt; which translates to the &lt;em&gt;Central Photographic Agency&lt;/em&gt;. This agency operated from 1951 to 1991 and released millions of photographs.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Historians have noted that during this time in Poland, there was a “propaganda of success.” This meant “[m]edia reporting bloated domestic economic results and political accomplishments and glowingly described the party leader’s close contacts with foreign heads of state. Never had Poland’s stature in the international community been so great, propaganda repeated” (Taras, 1984, p. 145). This tone of flawless accomplishment appears to have bled into this collection. Many of the photograph descriptions boast Poland’s accomplishments while ignoring serious economic, cultural and societal problems.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p&gt;Works Cited&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Narodowe Archiwum Cyfrowe. (2015). &lt;em&gt;Centralna Agencja Fotograficzna.&lt;/em&gt; Retrieved from &lt;a href="http://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&amp;amp;sl=pl&amp;amp;u=http://www.nac.gov.pl/caf&amp;amp;prev=search"&gt;http://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&amp;amp;sl=pl&amp;amp;u=http://www.nac.gov.pl/caf&amp;amp;prev=search&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Nitschke, B. (December 2012). Działalność towarzystwa łączności z Polonią zagraniczną „Polonia” wobec polskiej emigracji w latach 1955-1970. &lt;em&gt;Annales UMCS, Sectio K (Politologia),&lt;/em&gt; &lt;em&gt;19&lt;/em&gt;(1): 159–185. DOI: 10.2478/v10226-012-0007-9.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Taras, R. (1984). &lt;em&gt;Ideology in a socialist state.&lt;/em&gt; Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.&lt;/p&gt;</text>
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                <text>Libraries, Newspapers, and Bookstores in Poland, [no. 5]</text>
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                <text>Czytelnie przyzakładowe spełniają ogromną rolę w upowszechnianiu wiedzy technicznej i podnoszeniu kwalifikacji zawodowych. N z: robotnicy z Jeleniogórskich Zakładów Papieru i Celulozy zapoznają się z literaturą fachową.</text>
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maintenance and improvement of professional skills. In the photo: workers with Jeleniogórskie Plant Paper and Pulp familiar with the professional literature.</text>
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                  <text>&lt;p&gt;The Towarzystwo Łączności z Polonią Zagraniczną "Polonia” Collection is an assortment of photographs created by the Ministry of Internal Affairs in communist Poland sent to the United States’ “Polonia,” or, areas or countries with a significant community of Poles outside of Poland. These photographs, most likely sent out in series, date from the 1960s to the early 1970s.  The University at Buffalo’s collection is made up of 32 folders containing 461 photographs that pertain to an assortment of topics highlighting Poland’s cultural, historical, technological and industrial advances, especially during the period of communist rule. The University at Buffalo Libraries have digitized these photographs and have attempted to maintain the original order of the series.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;This collection of propaganda photographs portrays selections of Polish culture, meant to show the country in the most advantageous fashion. Series in the collection include photographs of famous professors, actors, and musicians. There are also series featuring important industrial, historical and educational institutions, including bustling, modern cities and relaxing vacation destinations, according to the Polish Ministry of Internal Affairs.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;This collection was created by the &lt;em&gt;Towarzystwo Łączności z Polonią Zagraniczną "Polonia,”&lt;/em&gt; which translates to the &lt;em&gt;Society for Foreign Liaison with Poles, “Polonia.”&lt;/em&gt; This group wanted to establish a relationship between Polish people at home and abroad. The Towarzystwo Łączności z Polonią Zagraniczną "Polonia” and the Ministry of Internal Affairs in communist Poland aimed to give a broad and positive overview of life in Poland for those who emigrated and those with Polish heritage.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The photographs themselves were taken by the &lt;em&gt;Centralna Agencja Fotograficzna&lt;/em&gt; which translates to the &lt;em&gt;Central Photographic Agency&lt;/em&gt;. This agency operated from 1951 to 1991 and released millions of photographs.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Historians have noted that during this time in Poland, there was a “propaganda of success.” This meant “[m]edia reporting bloated domestic economic results and political accomplishments and glowingly described the party leader’s close contacts with foreign heads of state. Never had Poland’s stature in the international community been so great, propaganda repeated” (Taras, 1984, p. 145). This tone of flawless accomplishment appears to have bled into this collection. Many of the photograph descriptions boast Poland’s accomplishments while ignoring serious economic, cultural and societal problems.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p&gt;Works Cited&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Narodowe Archiwum Cyfrowe. (2015). &lt;em&gt;Centralna Agencja Fotograficzna.&lt;/em&gt; Retrieved from &lt;a href="http://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&amp;amp;sl=pl&amp;amp;u=http://www.nac.gov.pl/caf&amp;amp;prev=search"&gt;http://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&amp;amp;sl=pl&amp;amp;u=http://www.nac.gov.pl/caf&amp;amp;prev=search&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Nitschke, B. (December 2012). Działalność towarzystwa łączności z Polonią zagraniczną „Polonia” wobec polskiej emigracji w latach 1955-1970. &lt;em&gt;Annales UMCS, Sectio K (Politologia),&lt;/em&gt; &lt;em&gt;19&lt;/em&gt;(1): 159–185. DOI: 10.2478/v10226-012-0007-9.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Taras, R. (1984). &lt;em&gt;Ideology in a socialist state.&lt;/em&gt; Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.&lt;/p&gt;</text>
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                <text>Libraries, Newspapers, and Bookstores in Poland, [no. 3]</text>
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                <text>Z przedwojennych 36 tys. placówek bibliotecznych dysponujących około 22 mln. tomów ocalało nie wiele. Obecnie biblioteki polskie posiadają ponad 153 mln. książek. Na zdjęciu: nowoczesny budynek Biblioteki Uniwersyteckiej w Łodzi.</text>
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                <text>In the pre-war 36 thousand libraries offering approx 22 million volumes not much survived. Currently, the library Polish have more than 153 million books. In the photo: modern building of the University Library in Lodz.</text>
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                <text>&lt;a href="https://rightsstatements.org/page/NoC-US/1.0/"&gt;NO COPYRIGHT – UNITED STATES&lt;/a&gt;. The organization that has made the Item available believes that the Item is in the Public Domain under the laws of the United States, but a determination was not made as to its copyright status under the copyright laws of other countries. The Item may not be in the Public Domain under the laws of other countries. Please refer to the organization that has made the Item available for more information.</text>
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                  <text>&lt;p&gt;The Towarzystwo Łączności z Polonią Zagraniczną "Polonia” Collection is an assortment of photographs created by the Ministry of Internal Affairs in communist Poland sent to the United States’ “Polonia,” or, areas or countries with a significant community of Poles outside of Poland. These photographs, most likely sent out in series, date from the 1960s to the early 1970s.  The University at Buffalo’s collection is made up of 32 folders containing 461 photographs that pertain to an assortment of topics highlighting Poland’s cultural, historical, technological and industrial advances, especially during the period of communist rule. The University at Buffalo Libraries have digitized these photographs and have attempted to maintain the original order of the series.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;This collection of propaganda photographs portrays selections of Polish culture, meant to show the country in the most advantageous fashion. Series in the collection include photographs of famous professors, actors, and musicians. There are also series featuring important industrial, historical and educational institutions, including bustling, modern cities and relaxing vacation destinations, according to the Polish Ministry of Internal Affairs.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;This collection was created by the &lt;em&gt;Towarzystwo Łączności z Polonią Zagraniczną "Polonia,”&lt;/em&gt; which translates to the &lt;em&gt;Society for Foreign Liaison with Poles, “Polonia.”&lt;/em&gt; This group wanted to establish a relationship between Polish people at home and abroad. The Towarzystwo Łączności z Polonią Zagraniczną "Polonia” and the Ministry of Internal Affairs in communist Poland aimed to give a broad and positive overview of life in Poland for those who emigrated and those with Polish heritage.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The photographs themselves were taken by the &lt;em&gt;Centralna Agencja Fotograficzna&lt;/em&gt; which translates to the &lt;em&gt;Central Photographic Agency&lt;/em&gt;. This agency operated from 1951 to 1991 and released millions of photographs.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Historians have noted that during this time in Poland, there was a “propaganda of success.” This meant “[m]edia reporting bloated domestic economic results and political accomplishments and glowingly described the party leader’s close contacts with foreign heads of state. Never had Poland’s stature in the international community been so great, propaganda repeated” (Taras, 1984, p. 145). This tone of flawless accomplishment appears to have bled into this collection. Many of the photograph descriptions boast Poland’s accomplishments while ignoring serious economic, cultural and societal problems.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p&gt;Works Cited&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Narodowe Archiwum Cyfrowe. (2015). &lt;em&gt;Centralna Agencja Fotograficzna.&lt;/em&gt; Retrieved from &lt;a href="http://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&amp;amp;sl=pl&amp;amp;u=http://www.nac.gov.pl/caf&amp;amp;prev=search"&gt;http://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&amp;amp;sl=pl&amp;amp;u=http://www.nac.gov.pl/caf&amp;amp;prev=search&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Nitschke, B. (December 2012). Działalność towarzystwa łączności z Polonią zagraniczną „Polonia” wobec polskiej emigracji w latach 1955-1970. &lt;em&gt;Annales UMCS, Sectio K (Politologia),&lt;/em&gt; &lt;em&gt;19&lt;/em&gt;(1): 159–185. DOI: 10.2478/v10226-012-0007-9.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Taras, R. (1984). &lt;em&gt;Ideology in a socialist state.&lt;/em&gt; Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.&lt;/p&gt;</text>
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                <text>Towarzystwo Przyjaciół Książki organizuje ciekawe wystawy i odczyty bibliofilskie. Eksponaty - to ciekawe i cenne starodruki, unikalne dzieła sztuki drukarskiej.</text>
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                <text>The Society of the Friends of Books organizes interesting exhibitions and bibliophilic readings. Exhibits - of interesting and valuable old books, unique works of art of printing.</text>
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                  <text>&lt;p&gt;The Towarzystwo Łączności z Polonią Zagraniczną "Polonia” Collection is an assortment of photographs created by the Ministry of Internal Affairs in communist Poland sent to the United States’ “Polonia,” or, areas or countries with a significant community of Poles outside of Poland. These photographs, most likely sent out in series, date from the 1960s to the early 1970s.  The University at Buffalo’s collection is made up of 32 folders containing 461 photographs that pertain to an assortment of topics highlighting Poland’s cultural, historical, technological and industrial advances, especially during the period of communist rule. The University at Buffalo Libraries have digitized these photographs and have attempted to maintain the original order of the series.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;This collection of propaganda photographs portrays selections of Polish culture, meant to show the country in the most advantageous fashion. Series in the collection include photographs of famous professors, actors, and musicians. There are also series featuring important industrial, historical and educational institutions, including bustling, modern cities and relaxing vacation destinations, according to the Polish Ministry of Internal Affairs.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;This collection was created by the &lt;em&gt;Towarzystwo Łączności z Polonią Zagraniczną "Polonia,”&lt;/em&gt; which translates to the &lt;em&gt;Society for Foreign Liaison with Poles, “Polonia.”&lt;/em&gt; This group wanted to establish a relationship between Polish people at home and abroad. The Towarzystwo Łączności z Polonią Zagraniczną "Polonia” and the Ministry of Internal Affairs in communist Poland aimed to give a broad and positive overview of life in Poland for those who emigrated and those with Polish heritage.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The photographs themselves were taken by the &lt;em&gt;Centralna Agencja Fotograficzna&lt;/em&gt; which translates to the &lt;em&gt;Central Photographic Agency&lt;/em&gt;. This agency operated from 1951 to 1991 and released millions of photographs.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Historians have noted that during this time in Poland, there was a “propaganda of success.” This meant “[m]edia reporting bloated domestic economic results and political accomplishments and glowingly described the party leader’s close contacts with foreign heads of state. Never had Poland’s stature in the international community been so great, propaganda repeated” (Taras, 1984, p. 145). This tone of flawless accomplishment appears to have bled into this collection. Many of the photograph descriptions boast Poland’s accomplishments while ignoring serious economic, cultural and societal problems.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p&gt;Works Cited&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Narodowe Archiwum Cyfrowe. (2015). &lt;em&gt;Centralna Agencja Fotograficzna.&lt;/em&gt; Retrieved from &lt;a href="http://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&amp;amp;sl=pl&amp;amp;u=http://www.nac.gov.pl/caf&amp;amp;prev=search"&gt;http://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&amp;amp;sl=pl&amp;amp;u=http://www.nac.gov.pl/caf&amp;amp;prev=search&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Nitschke, B. (December 2012). Działalność towarzystwa łączności z Polonią zagraniczną „Polonia” wobec polskiej emigracji w latach 1955-1970. &lt;em&gt;Annales UMCS, Sectio K (Politologia),&lt;/em&gt; &lt;em&gt;19&lt;/em&gt;(1): 159–185. DOI: 10.2478/v10226-012-0007-9.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Taras, R. (1984). &lt;em&gt;Ideology in a socialist state.&lt;/em&gt; Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.&lt;/p&gt;</text>
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                <text>Libraries, Newspapers, and Bookstores in Poland, [no. 1] </text>
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                <text>Po wojnie należalo stworzyć od podstaw i zorganizować bazę poligraficzną. Obecnie mamy 654 drukarń które dają roczną produkcję wartości prawie
4 miliardów złotych. Na zdjęciu: wyposażona w nowoczesny sprzęt hala maszyn w drukarni Prasowych Zakładów Graficznych RSW "Prasa'' w Warszawie.</text>
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                <text>After the war, a database of printing companies had to be created from scratch and organized.  Currently, we have 654 printers that produce an annual production value of nearly 4 billion dollars. Pictured: equipped with modern machine hall 
in printing the Press Graphic Works RSW "Press'' in Warsaw.</text>
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                <text> Printing industry -- Poland </text>
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                <text> Factories -- Poland -- Warsaw</text>
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                <text>&lt;a href="https://rightsstatements.org/page/NoC-US/1.0/"&gt;NO COPYRIGHT – UNITED STATES&lt;/a&gt;. The organization that has made the Item available believes that the Item is in the Public Domain under the laws of the United States, but a determination was not made as to its copyright status under the copyright laws of other countries. The Item may not be in the Public Domain under the laws of other countries. Please refer to the organization that has made the Item available for more information.</text>
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        <name>Bookstores</name>
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        <name>Libraries</name>
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        <name>Newspapers</name>
      </tag>
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                  <text>Towarzystwo Łączności z Polonią Zagraniczną "Polonia” Collection</text>
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                  <text>&lt;p&gt;The Towarzystwo Łączności z Polonią Zagraniczną "Polonia” Collection is an assortment of photographs created by the Ministry of Internal Affairs in communist Poland sent to the United States’ “Polonia,” or, areas or countries with a significant community of Poles outside of Poland. These photographs, most likely sent out in series, date from the 1960s to the early 1970s.  The University at Buffalo’s collection is made up of 32 folders containing 461 photographs that pertain to an assortment of topics highlighting Poland’s cultural, historical, technological and industrial advances, especially during the period of communist rule. The University at Buffalo Libraries have digitized these photographs and have attempted to maintain the original order of the series.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;This collection of propaganda photographs portrays selections of Polish culture, meant to show the country in the most advantageous fashion. Series in the collection include photographs of famous professors, actors, and musicians. There are also series featuring important industrial, historical and educational institutions, including bustling, modern cities and relaxing vacation destinations, according to the Polish Ministry of Internal Affairs.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;This collection was created by the &lt;em&gt;Towarzystwo Łączności z Polonią Zagraniczną "Polonia,”&lt;/em&gt; which translates to the &lt;em&gt;Society for Foreign Liaison with Poles, “Polonia.”&lt;/em&gt; This group wanted to establish a relationship between Polish people at home and abroad. The Towarzystwo Łączności z Polonią Zagraniczną "Polonia” and the Ministry of Internal Affairs in communist Poland aimed to give a broad and positive overview of life in Poland for those who emigrated and those with Polish heritage.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The photographs themselves were taken by the &lt;em&gt;Centralna Agencja Fotograficzna&lt;/em&gt; which translates to the &lt;em&gt;Central Photographic Agency&lt;/em&gt;. This agency operated from 1951 to 1991 and released millions of photographs.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Historians have noted that during this time in Poland, there was a “propaganda of success.” This meant “[m]edia reporting bloated domestic economic results and political accomplishments and glowingly described the party leader’s close contacts with foreign heads of state. Never had Poland’s stature in the international community been so great, propaganda repeated” (Taras, 1984, p. 145). This tone of flawless accomplishment appears to have bled into this collection. Many of the photograph descriptions boast Poland’s accomplishments while ignoring serious economic, cultural and societal problems.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p&gt;Works Cited&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Narodowe Archiwum Cyfrowe. (2015). &lt;em&gt;Centralna Agencja Fotograficzna.&lt;/em&gt; Retrieved from &lt;a href="http://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&amp;amp;sl=pl&amp;amp;u=http://www.nac.gov.pl/caf&amp;amp;prev=search"&gt;http://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&amp;amp;sl=pl&amp;amp;u=http://www.nac.gov.pl/caf&amp;amp;prev=search&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Nitschke, B. (December 2012). Działalność towarzystwa łączności z Polonią zagraniczną „Polonia” wobec polskiej emigracji w latach 1955-1970. &lt;em&gt;Annales UMCS, Sectio K (Politologia),&lt;/em&gt; &lt;em&gt;19&lt;/em&gt;(1): 159–185. DOI: 10.2478/v10226-012-0007-9.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Taras, R. (1984). &lt;em&gt;Ideology in a socialist state.&lt;/em&gt; Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.&lt;/p&gt;</text>
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                <text>Industry of Poland, [no. 16]</text>
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            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
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            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
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            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
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                <text>Przemysłowi krajowemu przybyło wiele nowych obiektów, a m. in. zmechanizowana kopalnia "Borynia" w Rybnickim Okręgu Węglowym. Nasze stocznie wyprodukowały pierwszy statek - kolos o nosnosci 55 tys. ton "Manifest Lipcowy" (na zdjęciu).</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="468304">
                <text>Domestic industry came many new objects, among others. mechanized mine "Borynia" in Rybnik Coal District. Our shipyards produced the first ship - a colossus with a capacity of 55 thousand. ton "July Manifesto" (pictured).</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="468305">
                <text>Shipbuilding -- Industries -- Poland -- Rybnik </text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="468306">
                <text> Ships -- Poland -- Rybnik</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
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            <description>The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="468307">
                <text>Rybnik</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
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            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="1934622">
                <text>State University of New York at Buffalo. University Libraries</text>
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            <description>The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource</description>
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                <text>image/jpeg</text>
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            </elementTextContainer>
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            <name>Language</name>
            <description>A language of the resource</description>
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            <elementTextContainer>
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            </elementTextContainer>
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            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
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                <text>State University of New York at Buffalo. Polish Collection</text>
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            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="1941201">
                <text>&lt;a href="https://rightsstatements.org/page/NoC-US/1.0/"&gt;NO COPYRIGHT – UNITED STATES&lt;/a&gt;. The organization that has made the Item available believes that the Item is in the Public Domain under the laws of the United States, but a determination was not made as to its copyright status under the copyright laws of other countries. The Item may not be in the Public Domain under the laws of other countries. Please refer to the organization that has made the Item available for more information.</text>
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                  <text>&lt;p&gt;The Towarzystwo Łączności z Polonią Zagraniczną "Polonia” Collection is an assortment of photographs created by the Ministry of Internal Affairs in communist Poland sent to the United States’ “Polonia,” or, areas or countries with a significant community of Poles outside of Poland. These photographs, most likely sent out in series, date from the 1960s to the early 1970s.  The University at Buffalo’s collection is made up of 32 folders containing 461 photographs that pertain to an assortment of topics highlighting Poland’s cultural, historical, technological and industrial advances, especially during the period of communist rule. The University at Buffalo Libraries have digitized these photographs and have attempted to maintain the original order of the series.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;This collection of propaganda photographs portrays selections of Polish culture, meant to show the country in the most advantageous fashion. Series in the collection include photographs of famous professors, actors, and musicians. There are also series featuring important industrial, historical and educational institutions, including bustling, modern cities and relaxing vacation destinations, according to the Polish Ministry of Internal Affairs.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;This collection was created by the &lt;em&gt;Towarzystwo Łączności z Polonią Zagraniczną "Polonia,”&lt;/em&gt; which translates to the &lt;em&gt;Society for Foreign Liaison with Poles, “Polonia.”&lt;/em&gt; This group wanted to establish a relationship between Polish people at home and abroad. The Towarzystwo Łączności z Polonią Zagraniczną "Polonia” and the Ministry of Internal Affairs in communist Poland aimed to give a broad and positive overview of life in Poland for those who emigrated and those with Polish heritage.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The photographs themselves were taken by the &lt;em&gt;Centralna Agencja Fotograficzna&lt;/em&gt; which translates to the &lt;em&gt;Central Photographic Agency&lt;/em&gt;. This agency operated from 1951 to 1991 and released millions of photographs.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Historians have noted that during this time in Poland, there was a “propaganda of success.” This meant “[m]edia reporting bloated domestic economic results and political accomplishments and glowingly described the party leader’s close contacts with foreign heads of state. Never had Poland’s stature in the international community been so great, propaganda repeated” (Taras, 1984, p. 145). This tone of flawless accomplishment appears to have bled into this collection. Many of the photograph descriptions boast Poland’s accomplishments while ignoring serious economic, cultural and societal problems.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p&gt;Works Cited&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Narodowe Archiwum Cyfrowe. (2015). &lt;em&gt;Centralna Agencja Fotograficzna.&lt;/em&gt; Retrieved from &lt;a href="http://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&amp;amp;sl=pl&amp;amp;u=http://www.nac.gov.pl/caf&amp;amp;prev=search"&gt;http://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&amp;amp;sl=pl&amp;amp;u=http://www.nac.gov.pl/caf&amp;amp;prev=search&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Nitschke, B. (December 2012). Działalność towarzystwa łączności z Polonią zagraniczną „Polonia” wobec polskiej emigracji w latach 1955-1970. &lt;em&gt;Annales UMCS, Sectio K (Politologia),&lt;/em&gt; &lt;em&gt;19&lt;/em&gt;(1): 159–185. DOI: 10.2478/v10226-012-0007-9.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Taras, R. (1984). &lt;em&gt;Ideology in a socialist state.&lt;/em&gt; Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.&lt;/p&gt;</text>
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                  <text>&lt;p&gt;The Towarzystwo Łączności z Polonią Zagraniczną "Polonia” Collection is an assortment of photographs created by the Ministry of Internal Affairs in communist Poland sent to the United States’ “Polonia,” or, areas or countries with a significant community of Poles outside of Poland. These photographs, most likely sent out in series, date from the 1960s to the early 1970s.  The University at Buffalo’s collection is made up of 32 folders containing 461 photographs that pertain to an assortment of topics highlighting Poland’s cultural, historical, technological and industrial advances, especially during the period of communist rule. The University at Buffalo Libraries have digitized these photographs and have attempted to maintain the original order of the series.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;This collection of propaganda photographs portrays selections of Polish culture, meant to show the country in the most advantageous fashion. Series in the collection include photographs of famous professors, actors, and musicians. There are also series featuring important industrial, historical and educational institutions, including bustling, modern cities and relaxing vacation destinations, according to the Polish Ministry of Internal Affairs.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;This collection was created by the &lt;em&gt;Towarzystwo Łączności z Polonią Zagraniczną "Polonia,”&lt;/em&gt; which translates to the &lt;em&gt;Society for Foreign Liaison with Poles, “Polonia.”&lt;/em&gt; This group wanted to establish a relationship between Polish people at home and abroad. The Towarzystwo Łączności z Polonią Zagraniczną "Polonia” and the Ministry of Internal Affairs in communist Poland aimed to give a broad and positive overview of life in Poland for those who emigrated and those with Polish heritage.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The photographs themselves were taken by the &lt;em&gt;Centralna Agencja Fotograficzna&lt;/em&gt; which translates to the &lt;em&gt;Central Photographic Agency&lt;/em&gt;. This agency operated from 1951 to 1991 and released millions of photographs.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Historians have noted that during this time in Poland, there was a “propaganda of success.” This meant “[m]edia reporting bloated domestic economic results and political accomplishments and glowingly described the party leader’s close contacts with foreign heads of state. Never had Poland’s stature in the international community been so great, propaganda repeated” (Taras, 1984, p. 145). This tone of flawless accomplishment appears to have bled into this collection. Many of the photograph descriptions boast Poland’s accomplishments while ignoring serious economic, cultural and societal problems.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p&gt;Works Cited&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Narodowe Archiwum Cyfrowe. (2015). &lt;em&gt;Centralna Agencja Fotograficzna.&lt;/em&gt; Retrieved from &lt;a href="http://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&amp;amp;sl=pl&amp;amp;u=http://www.nac.gov.pl/caf&amp;amp;prev=search"&gt;http://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&amp;amp;sl=pl&amp;amp;u=http://www.nac.gov.pl/caf&amp;amp;prev=search&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Nitschke, B. (December 2012). Działalność towarzystwa łączności z Polonią zagraniczną „Polonia” wobec polskiej emigracji w latach 1955-1970. &lt;em&gt;Annales UMCS, Sectio K (Politologia),&lt;/em&gt; &lt;em&gt;19&lt;/em&gt;(1): 159–185. DOI: 10.2478/v10226-012-0007-9.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Taras, R. (1984). &lt;em&gt;Ideology in a socialist state.&lt;/em&gt; Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.&lt;/p&gt;</text>
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                <text>W roku 1970, oddano do użytku w miastach polskich około 150 tysięcy nowych izb mieszkalnych, a więc całe nowe miasto. W 1971 roku ilość oddanych mieszkań wzrośnie. Na zdj.: nowe domy na Powiślu w Warszawie.</text>
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                <text>In 1970, was put to use in the Polish cities of about 150,000 new dwelling rooms, so a whole new city. In 1971, the number of completed dwellings will increase. In the photo: New homes in Powiśle in Warsaw.</text>
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                  <text>&lt;p&gt;The Towarzystwo Łączności z Polonią Zagraniczną "Polonia” Collection is an assortment of photographs created by the Ministry of Internal Affairs in communist Poland sent to the United States’ “Polonia,” or, areas or countries with a significant community of Poles outside of Poland. These photographs, most likely sent out in series, date from the 1960s to the early 1970s.  The University at Buffalo’s collection is made up of 32 folders containing 461 photographs that pertain to an assortment of topics highlighting Poland’s cultural, historical, technological and industrial advances, especially during the period of communist rule. The University at Buffalo Libraries have digitized these photographs and have attempted to maintain the original order of the series.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;This collection of propaganda photographs portrays selections of Polish culture, meant to show the country in the most advantageous fashion. Series in the collection include photographs of famous professors, actors, and musicians. There are also series featuring important industrial, historical and educational institutions, including bustling, modern cities and relaxing vacation destinations, according to the Polish Ministry of Internal Affairs.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;This collection was created by the &lt;em&gt;Towarzystwo Łączności z Polonią Zagraniczną "Polonia,”&lt;/em&gt; which translates to the &lt;em&gt;Society for Foreign Liaison with Poles, “Polonia.”&lt;/em&gt; This group wanted to establish a relationship between Polish people at home and abroad. The Towarzystwo Łączności z Polonią Zagraniczną "Polonia” and the Ministry of Internal Affairs in communist Poland aimed to give a broad and positive overview of life in Poland for those who emigrated and those with Polish heritage.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The photographs themselves were taken by the &lt;em&gt;Centralna Agencja Fotograficzna&lt;/em&gt; which translates to the &lt;em&gt;Central Photographic Agency&lt;/em&gt;. This agency operated from 1951 to 1991 and released millions of photographs.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Historians have noted that during this time in Poland, there was a “propaganda of success.” This meant “[m]edia reporting bloated domestic economic results and political accomplishments and glowingly described the party leader’s close contacts with foreign heads of state. Never had Poland’s stature in the international community been so great, propaganda repeated” (Taras, 1984, p. 145). This tone of flawless accomplishment appears to have bled into this collection. Many of the photograph descriptions boast Poland’s accomplishments while ignoring serious economic, cultural and societal problems.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p&gt;Works Cited&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Narodowe Archiwum Cyfrowe. (2015). &lt;em&gt;Centralna Agencja Fotograficzna.&lt;/em&gt; Retrieved from &lt;a href="http://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&amp;amp;sl=pl&amp;amp;u=http://www.nac.gov.pl/caf&amp;amp;prev=search"&gt;http://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&amp;amp;sl=pl&amp;amp;u=http://www.nac.gov.pl/caf&amp;amp;prev=search&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Nitschke, B. (December 2012). Działalność towarzystwa łączności z Polonią zagraniczną „Polonia” wobec polskiej emigracji w latach 1955-1970. &lt;em&gt;Annales UMCS, Sectio K (Politologia),&lt;/em&gt; &lt;em&gt;19&lt;/em&gt;(1): 159–185. DOI: 10.2478/v10226-012-0007-9.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Taras, R. (1984). &lt;em&gt;Ideology in a socialist state.&lt;/em&gt; Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.&lt;/p&gt;</text>
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                <text>Z radością przyjęło społeczeństwo polskie decyzję Rządu o anulowaniu podwyżki cenna artykuły żywnościowe. Już od 1 marca, można było kupować towary po cenach sprzed 13 grudnia 1970 r. Na zdj.: przecena towarów w jednym ze sklepów w Łodzi.</text>
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                <text>We are happy that Polish society adopted the decision of the Government to cancel the increase in valuable foods. Starting March 1, you could buy goods at prices before December 13, 1970. In the photo: Discount goods at one of the shops in Lodz.</text>
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                  <text>&lt;p&gt;The Towarzystwo Łączności z Polonią Zagraniczną "Polonia” Collection is an assortment of photographs created by the Ministry of Internal Affairs in communist Poland sent to the United States’ “Polonia,” or, areas or countries with a significant community of Poles outside of Poland. These photographs, most likely sent out in series, date from the 1960s to the early 1970s.  The University at Buffalo’s collection is made up of 32 folders containing 461 photographs that pertain to an assortment of topics highlighting Poland’s cultural, historical, technological and industrial advances, especially during the period of communist rule. The University at Buffalo Libraries have digitized these photographs and have attempted to maintain the original order of the series.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;This collection of propaganda photographs portrays selections of Polish culture, meant to show the country in the most advantageous fashion. Series in the collection include photographs of famous professors, actors, and musicians. There are also series featuring important industrial, historical and educational institutions, including bustling, modern cities and relaxing vacation destinations, according to the Polish Ministry of Internal Affairs.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;This collection was created by the &lt;em&gt;Towarzystwo Łączności z Polonią Zagraniczną "Polonia,”&lt;/em&gt; which translates to the &lt;em&gt;Society for Foreign Liaison with Poles, “Polonia.”&lt;/em&gt; This group wanted to establish a relationship between Polish people at home and abroad. The Towarzystwo Łączności z Polonią Zagraniczną "Polonia” and the Ministry of Internal Affairs in communist Poland aimed to give a broad and positive overview of life in Poland for those who emigrated and those with Polish heritage.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The photographs themselves were taken by the &lt;em&gt;Centralna Agencja Fotograficzna&lt;/em&gt; which translates to the &lt;em&gt;Central Photographic Agency&lt;/em&gt;. This agency operated from 1951 to 1991 and released millions of photographs.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Historians have noted that during this time in Poland, there was a “propaganda of success.” This meant “[m]edia reporting bloated domestic economic results and political accomplishments and glowingly described the party leader’s close contacts with foreign heads of state. Never had Poland’s stature in the international community been so great, propaganda repeated” (Taras, 1984, p. 145). This tone of flawless accomplishment appears to have bled into this collection. Many of the photograph descriptions boast Poland’s accomplishments while ignoring serious economic, cultural and societal problems.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p&gt;Works Cited&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Narodowe Archiwum Cyfrowe. (2015). &lt;em&gt;Centralna Agencja Fotograficzna.&lt;/em&gt; Retrieved from &lt;a href="http://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&amp;amp;sl=pl&amp;amp;u=http://www.nac.gov.pl/caf&amp;amp;prev=search"&gt;http://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&amp;amp;sl=pl&amp;amp;u=http://www.nac.gov.pl/caf&amp;amp;prev=search&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Nitschke, B. (December 2012). Działalność towarzystwa łączności z Polonią zagraniczną „Polonia” wobec polskiej emigracji w latach 1955-1970. &lt;em&gt;Annales UMCS, Sectio K (Politologia),&lt;/em&gt; &lt;em&gt;19&lt;/em&gt;(1): 159–185. DOI: 10.2478/v10226-012-0007-9.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Taras, R. (1984). &lt;em&gt;Ideology in a socialist state.&lt;/em&gt; Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.&lt;/p&gt;</text>
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                <text>Fabryka Wyrobów Precyzyjnych im. Świerczewskiego w Warszawie eksportuje swoje wyroby do 33 krajów, a w tym do NRF. Stanów Zjednoczonych, Włoch, Francji i Anglii. Tutaj wytwarzane narzędzia skrawające i pomiarowe reprezentują światową klasą. Na zdj.: M. Krawczyk prezentuje mikrometr do pomiarów zewnętrznych.</text>
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                <text>Factory of Precision them. Świerczewskiego in Warsaw exports its products to 33 countries, including the NRF, United States, Italy, France and England. Here manufactured cutting tools and measuring represent 
World class. In the photo. M. Krawczyk presents a micrometer to  external measurements.</text>
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                  <text>&lt;p&gt;The Towarzystwo Łączności z Polonią Zagraniczną "Polonia” Collection is an assortment of photographs created by the Ministry of Internal Affairs in communist Poland sent to the United States’ “Polonia,” or, areas or countries with a significant community of Poles outside of Poland. These photographs, most likely sent out in series, date from the 1960s to the early 1970s.  The University at Buffalo’s collection is made up of 32 folders containing 461 photographs that pertain to an assortment of topics highlighting Poland’s cultural, historical, technological and industrial advances, especially during the period of communist rule. The University at Buffalo Libraries have digitized these photographs and have attempted to maintain the original order of the series.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;This collection of propaganda photographs portrays selections of Polish culture, meant to show the country in the most advantageous fashion. Series in the collection include photographs of famous professors, actors, and musicians. There are also series featuring important industrial, historical and educational institutions, including bustling, modern cities and relaxing vacation destinations, according to the Polish Ministry of Internal Affairs.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;This collection was created by the &lt;em&gt;Towarzystwo Łączności z Polonią Zagraniczną "Polonia,”&lt;/em&gt; which translates to the &lt;em&gt;Society for Foreign Liaison with Poles, “Polonia.”&lt;/em&gt; This group wanted to establish a relationship between Polish people at home and abroad. The Towarzystwo Łączności z Polonią Zagraniczną "Polonia” and the Ministry of Internal Affairs in communist Poland aimed to give a broad and positive overview of life in Poland for those who emigrated and those with Polish heritage.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The photographs themselves were taken by the &lt;em&gt;Centralna Agencja Fotograficzna&lt;/em&gt; which translates to the &lt;em&gt;Central Photographic Agency&lt;/em&gt;. This agency operated from 1951 to 1991 and released millions of photographs.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Historians have noted that during this time in Poland, there was a “propaganda of success.” This meant “[m]edia reporting bloated domestic economic results and political accomplishments and glowingly described the party leader’s close contacts with foreign heads of state. Never had Poland’s stature in the international community been so great, propaganda repeated” (Taras, 1984, p. 145). This tone of flawless accomplishment appears to have bled into this collection. Many of the photograph descriptions boast Poland’s accomplishments while ignoring serious economic, cultural and societal problems.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p&gt;Works Cited&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Narodowe Archiwum Cyfrowe. (2015). &lt;em&gt;Centralna Agencja Fotograficzna.&lt;/em&gt; Retrieved from &lt;a href="http://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&amp;amp;sl=pl&amp;amp;u=http://www.nac.gov.pl/caf&amp;amp;prev=search"&gt;http://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&amp;amp;sl=pl&amp;amp;u=http://www.nac.gov.pl/caf&amp;amp;prev=search&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Nitschke, B. (December 2012). Działalność towarzystwa łączności z Polonią zagraniczną „Polonia” wobec polskiej emigracji w latach 1955-1970. &lt;em&gt;Annales UMCS, Sectio K (Politologia),&lt;/em&gt; &lt;em&gt;19&lt;/em&gt;(1): 159–185. DOI: 10.2478/v10226-012-0007-9.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Taras, R. (1984). &lt;em&gt;Ideology in a socialist state.&lt;/em&gt; Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.&lt;/p&gt;</text>
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                <text>Wyroby z Zakładów Porcelany Stołowej w Ćmielowie, już od 130 lat, znajdują uznanie u odbiorców, konkurując z powodzeniem najsłynniejszymi wytwórniami zagranicznymi (40 proc. produkcji idzie na eksport). Na zdj.: zestaw ozdobnej porcelany.</text>
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                <text>Products from Chinaware Plants in Ćmielów, already 130 years old, are recognized by the recipients, successfully competing with the most famous foreign labels (40 percent production goes for export). In the photo: Set of decorative porcelain.</text>
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                  <text>&lt;p&gt;The Towarzystwo Łączności z Polonią Zagraniczną "Polonia” Collection is an assortment of photographs created by the Ministry of Internal Affairs in communist Poland sent to the United States’ “Polonia,” or, areas or countries with a significant community of Poles outside of Poland. These photographs, most likely sent out in series, date from the 1960s to the early 1970s.  The University at Buffalo’s collection is made up of 32 folders containing 461 photographs that pertain to an assortment of topics highlighting Poland’s cultural, historical, technological and industrial advances, especially during the period of communist rule. The University at Buffalo Libraries have digitized these photographs and have attempted to maintain the original order of the series.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;This collection of propaganda photographs portrays selections of Polish culture, meant to show the country in the most advantageous fashion. Series in the collection include photographs of famous professors, actors, and musicians. There are also series featuring important industrial, historical and educational institutions, including bustling, modern cities and relaxing vacation destinations, according to the Polish Ministry of Internal Affairs.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;This collection was created by the &lt;em&gt;Towarzystwo Łączności z Polonią Zagraniczną "Polonia,”&lt;/em&gt; which translates to the &lt;em&gt;Society for Foreign Liaison with Poles, “Polonia.”&lt;/em&gt; This group wanted to establish a relationship between Polish people at home and abroad. The Towarzystwo Łączności z Polonią Zagraniczną "Polonia” and the Ministry of Internal Affairs in communist Poland aimed to give a broad and positive overview of life in Poland for those who emigrated and those with Polish heritage.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The photographs themselves were taken by the &lt;em&gt;Centralna Agencja Fotograficzna&lt;/em&gt; which translates to the &lt;em&gt;Central Photographic Agency&lt;/em&gt;. This agency operated from 1951 to 1991 and released millions of photographs.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Historians have noted that during this time in Poland, there was a “propaganda of success.” This meant “[m]edia reporting bloated domestic economic results and political accomplishments and glowingly described the party leader’s close contacts with foreign heads of state. Never had Poland’s stature in the international community been so great, propaganda repeated” (Taras, 1984, p. 145). This tone of flawless accomplishment appears to have bled into this collection. Many of the photograph descriptions boast Poland’s accomplishments while ignoring serious economic, cultural and societal problems.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p&gt;Works Cited&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Narodowe Archiwum Cyfrowe. (2015). &lt;em&gt;Centralna Agencja Fotograficzna.&lt;/em&gt; Retrieved from &lt;a href="http://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&amp;amp;sl=pl&amp;amp;u=http://www.nac.gov.pl/caf&amp;amp;prev=search"&gt;http://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&amp;amp;sl=pl&amp;amp;u=http://www.nac.gov.pl/caf&amp;amp;prev=search&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Nitschke, B. (December 2012). Działalność towarzystwa łączności z Polonią zagraniczną „Polonia” wobec polskiej emigracji w latach 1955-1970. &lt;em&gt;Annales UMCS, Sectio K (Politologia),&lt;/em&gt; &lt;em&gt;19&lt;/em&gt;(1): 159–185. DOI: 10.2478/v10226-012-0007-9.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Taras, R. (1984). &lt;em&gt;Ideology in a socialist state.&lt;/em&gt; Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.&lt;/p&gt;</text>
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                <text>Wałbrzyska Wytwórnia Sprzętu Sportowego, eksportuje swoje wyroby, a przede wszystkim piłki, do ponad 50 krajów. Nowością są buty narciarskie "Alpy II" (na zdjęciu) o nowoczesnej konstrukcji, pokryte warstwą poliestyrenową, nie przepuszcząjącą wody. Rozpoczęto też już produkcję pantofli lekkoatletycznych
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                  <text>&lt;p&gt;The Towarzystwo Łączności z Polonią Zagraniczną "Polonia” Collection is an assortment of photographs created by the Ministry of Internal Affairs in communist Poland sent to the United States’ “Polonia,” or, areas or countries with a significant community of Poles outside of Poland. These photographs, most likely sent out in series, date from the 1960s to the early 1970s.  The University at Buffalo’s collection is made up of 32 folders containing 461 photographs that pertain to an assortment of topics highlighting Poland’s cultural, historical, technological and industrial advances, especially during the period of communist rule. The University at Buffalo Libraries have digitized these photographs and have attempted to maintain the original order of the series.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;This collection of propaganda photographs portrays selections of Polish culture, meant to show the country in the most advantageous fashion. Series in the collection include photographs of famous professors, actors, and musicians. There are also series featuring important industrial, historical and educational institutions, including bustling, modern cities and relaxing vacation destinations, according to the Polish Ministry of Internal Affairs.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;This collection was created by the &lt;em&gt;Towarzystwo Łączności z Polonią Zagraniczną "Polonia,”&lt;/em&gt; which translates to the &lt;em&gt;Society for Foreign Liaison with Poles, “Polonia.”&lt;/em&gt; This group wanted to establish a relationship between Polish people at home and abroad. The Towarzystwo Łączności z Polonią Zagraniczną "Polonia” and the Ministry of Internal Affairs in communist Poland aimed to give a broad and positive overview of life in Poland for those who emigrated and those with Polish heritage.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The photographs themselves were taken by the &lt;em&gt;Centralna Agencja Fotograficzna&lt;/em&gt; which translates to the &lt;em&gt;Central Photographic Agency&lt;/em&gt;. This agency operated from 1951 to 1991 and released millions of photographs.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Historians have noted that during this time in Poland, there was a “propaganda of success.” This meant “[m]edia reporting bloated domestic economic results and political accomplishments and glowingly described the party leader’s close contacts with foreign heads of state. Never had Poland’s stature in the international community been so great, propaganda repeated” (Taras, 1984, p. 145). This tone of flawless accomplishment appears to have bled into this collection. Many of the photograph descriptions boast Poland’s accomplishments while ignoring serious economic, cultural and societal problems.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p&gt;Works Cited&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Narodowe Archiwum Cyfrowe. (2015). &lt;em&gt;Centralna Agencja Fotograficzna.&lt;/em&gt; Retrieved from &lt;a href="http://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&amp;amp;sl=pl&amp;amp;u=http://www.nac.gov.pl/caf&amp;amp;prev=search"&gt;http://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&amp;amp;sl=pl&amp;amp;u=http://www.nac.gov.pl/caf&amp;amp;prev=search&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Nitschke, B. (December 2012). Działalność towarzystwa łączności z Polonią zagraniczną „Polonia” wobec polskiej emigracji w latach 1955-1970. &lt;em&gt;Annales UMCS, Sectio K (Politologia),&lt;/em&gt; &lt;em&gt;19&lt;/em&gt;(1): 159–185. DOI: 10.2478/v10226-012-0007-9.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Taras, R. (1984). &lt;em&gt;Ideology in a socialist state.&lt;/em&gt; Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.&lt;/p&gt;</text>
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                <text>23 marca, na skutek wstrząsów tektonicznych, w kopalni "Rokitnica" - na głebokości 800 metrów - nastąpił zawał, który odciął 19 górników. Brygady ratownicze wydobyły w krótkim czasie 8 spośród nich. O życie pozostałych trwała dramatyczna, prawie siedmiodniowa walka. Niestety udało się wydobyć jeszcze tylko jednego. Na zdj.: uratowany po 158 godzinach, Alojzy Piontek.</text>
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                  <text>&lt;p&gt;The Towarzystwo Łączności z Polonią Zagraniczną "Polonia” Collection is an assortment of photographs created by the Ministry of Internal Affairs in communist Poland sent to the United States’ “Polonia,” or, areas or countries with a significant community of Poles outside of Poland. These photographs, most likely sent out in series, date from the 1960s to the early 1970s.  The University at Buffalo’s collection is made up of 32 folders containing 461 photographs that pertain to an assortment of topics highlighting Poland’s cultural, historical, technological and industrial advances, especially during the period of communist rule. The University at Buffalo Libraries have digitized these photographs and have attempted to maintain the original order of the series.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;This collection of propaganda photographs portrays selections of Polish culture, meant to show the country in the most advantageous fashion. Series in the collection include photographs of famous professors, actors, and musicians. There are also series featuring important industrial, historical and educational institutions, including bustling, modern cities and relaxing vacation destinations, according to the Polish Ministry of Internal Affairs.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;This collection was created by the &lt;em&gt;Towarzystwo Łączności z Polonią Zagraniczną "Polonia,”&lt;/em&gt; which translates to the &lt;em&gt;Society for Foreign Liaison with Poles, “Polonia.”&lt;/em&gt; This group wanted to establish a relationship between Polish people at home and abroad. The Towarzystwo Łączności z Polonią Zagraniczną "Polonia” and the Ministry of Internal Affairs in communist Poland aimed to give a broad and positive overview of life in Poland for those who emigrated and those with Polish heritage.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The photographs themselves were taken by the &lt;em&gt;Centralna Agencja Fotograficzna&lt;/em&gt; which translates to the &lt;em&gt;Central Photographic Agency&lt;/em&gt;. This agency operated from 1951 to 1991 and released millions of photographs.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Historians have noted that during this time in Poland, there was a “propaganda of success.” This meant “[m]edia reporting bloated domestic economic results and political accomplishments and glowingly described the party leader’s close contacts with foreign heads of state. Never had Poland’s stature in the international community been so great, propaganda repeated” (Taras, 1984, p. 145). This tone of flawless accomplishment appears to have bled into this collection. Many of the photograph descriptions boast Poland’s accomplishments while ignoring serious economic, cultural and societal problems.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p&gt;Works Cited&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Narodowe Archiwum Cyfrowe. (2015). &lt;em&gt;Centralna Agencja Fotograficzna.&lt;/em&gt; Retrieved from &lt;a href="http://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&amp;amp;sl=pl&amp;amp;u=http://www.nac.gov.pl/caf&amp;amp;prev=search"&gt;http://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&amp;amp;sl=pl&amp;amp;u=http://www.nac.gov.pl/caf&amp;amp;prev=search&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Nitschke, B. (December 2012). Działalność towarzystwa łączności z Polonią zagraniczną „Polonia” wobec polskiej emigracji w latach 1955-1970. &lt;em&gt;Annales UMCS, Sectio K (Politologia),&lt;/em&gt; &lt;em&gt;19&lt;/em&gt;(1): 159–185. DOI: 10.2478/v10226-012-0007-9.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Taras, R. (1984). &lt;em&gt;Ideology in a socialist state.&lt;/em&gt; Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.&lt;/p&gt;</text>
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                <text>18 typów maszyn włókienniczych - zaprojektowanych przez własne biuro konstrukcyjne - wytwarza Łodzka Fabryka Maszyn Jedwabniczych "MAJED". W tym roku wykona ich łącznie ponad 400. Na zdj.: ta precyzyjna przewijarka typu RY -22, pokazana zostanie na wystawie w Paryżu. </text>
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                <text>18 types of textile machinery - designed by our own design office - Lodz produces Machinery Factory Silk "MAJED". This year, they performed a total of more than 400 on the photo: This type of precision winder RY -22, will be shown at an exhibition in Paris. </text>
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                  <text>&lt;p&gt;The Towarzystwo Łączności z Polonią Zagraniczną "Polonia” Collection is an assortment of photographs created by the Ministry of Internal Affairs in communist Poland sent to the United States’ “Polonia,” or, areas or countries with a significant community of Poles outside of Poland. These photographs, most likely sent out in series, date from the 1960s to the early 1970s.  The University at Buffalo’s collection is made up of 32 folders containing 461 photographs that pertain to an assortment of topics highlighting Poland’s cultural, historical, technological and industrial advances, especially during the period of communist rule. The University at Buffalo Libraries have digitized these photographs and have attempted to maintain the original order of the series.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;This collection of propaganda photographs portrays selections of Polish culture, meant to show the country in the most advantageous fashion. Series in the collection include photographs of famous professors, actors, and musicians. There are also series featuring important industrial, historical and educational institutions, including bustling, modern cities and relaxing vacation destinations, according to the Polish Ministry of Internal Affairs.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;This collection was created by the &lt;em&gt;Towarzystwo Łączności z Polonią Zagraniczną "Polonia,”&lt;/em&gt; which translates to the &lt;em&gt;Society for Foreign Liaison with Poles, “Polonia.”&lt;/em&gt; This group wanted to establish a relationship between Polish people at home and abroad. The Towarzystwo Łączności z Polonią Zagraniczną "Polonia” and the Ministry of Internal Affairs in communist Poland aimed to give a broad and positive overview of life in Poland for those who emigrated and those with Polish heritage.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The photographs themselves were taken by the &lt;em&gt;Centralna Agencja Fotograficzna&lt;/em&gt; which translates to the &lt;em&gt;Central Photographic Agency&lt;/em&gt;. This agency operated from 1951 to 1991 and released millions of photographs.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Historians have noted that during this time in Poland, there was a “propaganda of success.” This meant “[m]edia reporting bloated domestic economic results and political accomplishments and glowingly described the party leader’s close contacts with foreign heads of state. Never had Poland’s stature in the international community been so great, propaganda repeated” (Taras, 1984, p. 145). This tone of flawless accomplishment appears to have bled into this collection. Many of the photograph descriptions boast Poland’s accomplishments while ignoring serious economic, cultural and societal problems.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p&gt;Works Cited&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Narodowe Archiwum Cyfrowe. (2015). &lt;em&gt;Centralna Agencja Fotograficzna.&lt;/em&gt; Retrieved from &lt;a href="http://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&amp;amp;sl=pl&amp;amp;u=http://www.nac.gov.pl/caf&amp;amp;prev=search"&gt;http://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&amp;amp;sl=pl&amp;amp;u=http://www.nac.gov.pl/caf&amp;amp;prev=search&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Nitschke, B. (December 2012). Działalność towarzystwa łączności z Polonią zagraniczną „Polonia” wobec polskiej emigracji w latach 1955-1970. &lt;em&gt;Annales UMCS, Sectio K (Politologia),&lt;/em&gt; &lt;em&gt;19&lt;/em&gt;(1): 159–185. DOI: 10.2478/v10226-012-0007-9.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Taras, R. (1984). &lt;em&gt;Ideology in a socialist state.&lt;/em&gt; Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.&lt;/p&gt;</text>
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                <text>Specyficzny, wybitnie przemysłowy krajobraz przeobraża nawet tereny rolnicze Śląska. Na zdj.: typowy śląski krajobraz.</text>
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                <text> A specific, highly industrial landscape transforms even agricultural areas of Silesia. In the photo: Typical Silesian landscape.</text>
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                  <text>&lt;p&gt;The Towarzystwo Łączności z Polonią Zagraniczną "Polonia” Collection is an assortment of photographs created by the Ministry of Internal Affairs in communist Poland sent to the United States’ “Polonia,” or, areas or countries with a significant community of Poles outside of Poland. These photographs, most likely sent out in series, date from the 1960s to the early 1970s.  The University at Buffalo’s collection is made up of 32 folders containing 461 photographs that pertain to an assortment of topics highlighting Poland’s cultural, historical, technological and industrial advances, especially during the period of communist rule. The University at Buffalo Libraries have digitized these photographs and have attempted to maintain the original order of the series.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;This collection of propaganda photographs portrays selections of Polish culture, meant to show the country in the most advantageous fashion. Series in the collection include photographs of famous professors, actors, and musicians. There are also series featuring important industrial, historical and educational institutions, including bustling, modern cities and relaxing vacation destinations, according to the Polish Ministry of Internal Affairs.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;This collection was created by the &lt;em&gt;Towarzystwo Łączności z Polonią Zagraniczną "Polonia,”&lt;/em&gt; which translates to the &lt;em&gt;Society for Foreign Liaison with Poles, “Polonia.”&lt;/em&gt; This group wanted to establish a relationship between Polish people at home and abroad. The Towarzystwo Łączności z Polonią Zagraniczną "Polonia” and the Ministry of Internal Affairs in communist Poland aimed to give a broad and positive overview of life in Poland for those who emigrated and those with Polish heritage.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The photographs themselves were taken by the &lt;em&gt;Centralna Agencja Fotograficzna&lt;/em&gt; which translates to the &lt;em&gt;Central Photographic Agency&lt;/em&gt;. This agency operated from 1951 to 1991 and released millions of photographs.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Historians have noted that during this time in Poland, there was a “propaganda of success.” This meant “[m]edia reporting bloated domestic economic results and political accomplishments and glowingly described the party leader’s close contacts with foreign heads of state. Never had Poland’s stature in the international community been so great, propaganda repeated” (Taras, 1984, p. 145). This tone of flawless accomplishment appears to have bled into this collection. Many of the photograph descriptions boast Poland’s accomplishments while ignoring serious economic, cultural and societal problems.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p&gt;Works Cited&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Narodowe Archiwum Cyfrowe. (2015). &lt;em&gt;Centralna Agencja Fotograficzna.&lt;/em&gt; Retrieved from &lt;a href="http://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&amp;amp;sl=pl&amp;amp;u=http://www.nac.gov.pl/caf&amp;amp;prev=search"&gt;http://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&amp;amp;sl=pl&amp;amp;u=http://www.nac.gov.pl/caf&amp;amp;prev=search&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Nitschke, B. (December 2012). Działalność towarzystwa łączności z Polonią zagraniczną „Polonia” wobec polskiej emigracji w latach 1955-1970. &lt;em&gt;Annales UMCS, Sectio K (Politologia),&lt;/em&gt; &lt;em&gt;19&lt;/em&gt;(1): 159–185. DOI: 10.2478/v10226-012-0007-9.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Taras, R. (1984). &lt;em&gt;Ideology in a socialist state.&lt;/em&gt; Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.&lt;/p&gt;</text>
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                  <text>&lt;p&gt;The Towarzystwo Łączności z Polonią Zagraniczną "Polonia” Collection is an assortment of photographs created by the Ministry of Internal Affairs in communist Poland sent to the United States’ “Polonia,” or, areas or countries with a significant community of Poles outside of Poland. These photographs, most likely sent out in series, date from the 1960s to the early 1970s.  The University at Buffalo’s collection is made up of 32 folders containing 461 photographs that pertain to an assortment of topics highlighting Poland’s cultural, historical, technological and industrial advances, especially during the period of communist rule. The University at Buffalo Libraries have digitized these photographs and have attempted to maintain the original order of the series.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;This collection of propaganda photographs portrays selections of Polish culture, meant to show the country in the most advantageous fashion. Series in the collection include photographs of famous professors, actors, and musicians. There are also series featuring important industrial, historical and educational institutions, including bustling, modern cities and relaxing vacation destinations, according to the Polish Ministry of Internal Affairs.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;This collection was created by the &lt;em&gt;Towarzystwo Łączności z Polonią Zagraniczną "Polonia,”&lt;/em&gt; which translates to the &lt;em&gt;Society for Foreign Liaison with Poles, “Polonia.”&lt;/em&gt; This group wanted to establish a relationship between Polish people at home and abroad. The Towarzystwo Łączności z Polonią Zagraniczną "Polonia” and the Ministry of Internal Affairs in communist Poland aimed to give a broad and positive overview of life in Poland for those who emigrated and those with Polish heritage.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The photographs themselves were taken by the &lt;em&gt;Centralna Agencja Fotograficzna&lt;/em&gt; which translates to the &lt;em&gt;Central Photographic Agency&lt;/em&gt;. This agency operated from 1951 to 1991 and released millions of photographs.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Historians have noted that during this time in Poland, there was a “propaganda of success.” This meant “[m]edia reporting bloated domestic economic results and political accomplishments and glowingly described the party leader’s close contacts with foreign heads of state. Never had Poland’s stature in the international community been so great, propaganda repeated” (Taras, 1984, p. 145). This tone of flawless accomplishment appears to have bled into this collection. Many of the photograph descriptions boast Poland’s accomplishments while ignoring serious economic, cultural and societal problems.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p&gt;Works Cited&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Narodowe Archiwum Cyfrowe. (2015). &lt;em&gt;Centralna Agencja Fotograficzna.&lt;/em&gt; Retrieved from &lt;a href="http://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&amp;amp;sl=pl&amp;amp;u=http://www.nac.gov.pl/caf&amp;amp;prev=search"&gt;http://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&amp;amp;sl=pl&amp;amp;u=http://www.nac.gov.pl/caf&amp;amp;prev=search&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Nitschke, B. (December 2012). Działalność towarzystwa łączności z Polonią zagraniczną „Polonia” wobec polskiej emigracji w latach 1955-1970. &lt;em&gt;Annales UMCS, Sectio K (Politologia),&lt;/em&gt; &lt;em&gt;19&lt;/em&gt;(1): 159–185. DOI: 10.2478/v10226-012-0007-9.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Taras, R. (1984). &lt;em&gt;Ideology in a socialist state.&lt;/em&gt; Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.&lt;/p&gt;</text>
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                <text>Industry of Poland, no. 6</text>
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                <text>Obok przemysłu węglowego, drugim co do wielkości na Śląsku jest hutnictwo. Polska należy dzisiaj do pierwszej dziesiątki producentów stali na świecie. Zawdzięczamy to stałej modernizacji dawnych hut, unowocześnianiu procesów produkcji, budowie nowych obiektów. Na zdj.: fragment wydziału obróbki
cieplnej w hucie "Jednośc" w Siemianowicach.</text>
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                <text>In addition to the coal industry, the second largest in Silesia is metallurgy. Poland is today the top ten steel producers in the world. We owe it to the constant modernization of old mills, modernization of manufacturing processes, construction of new facilities. In the photo: Fragment processing department heat in the mill "unity" in Siemianowice.</text>
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                <text> Steel alloy industry -- Poland -- Siemianowice</text>
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                <text>Siemianowice</text>
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                <text>&lt;a href="https://rightsstatements.org/page/NoC-US/1.0/"&gt;NO COPYRIGHT – UNITED STATES&lt;/a&gt;. The organization that has made the Item available believes that the Item is in the Public Domain under the laws of the United States, but a determination was not made as to its copyright status under the copyright laws of other countries. The Item may not be in the Public Domain under the laws of other countries. Please refer to the organization that has made the Item available for more information.</text>
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                  <text>&lt;p&gt;The Towarzystwo Łączności z Polonią Zagraniczną "Polonia” Collection is an assortment of photographs created by the Ministry of Internal Affairs in communist Poland sent to the United States’ “Polonia,” or, areas or countries with a significant community of Poles outside of Poland. These photographs, most likely sent out in series, date from the 1960s to the early 1970s.  The University at Buffalo’s collection is made up of 32 folders containing 461 photographs that pertain to an assortment of topics highlighting Poland’s cultural, historical, technological and industrial advances, especially during the period of communist rule. The University at Buffalo Libraries have digitized these photographs and have attempted to maintain the original order of the series.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;This collection of propaganda photographs portrays selections of Polish culture, meant to show the country in the most advantageous fashion. Series in the collection include photographs of famous professors, actors, and musicians. There are also series featuring important industrial, historical and educational institutions, including bustling, modern cities and relaxing vacation destinations, according to the Polish Ministry of Internal Affairs.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;This collection was created by the &lt;em&gt;Towarzystwo Łączności z Polonią Zagraniczną "Polonia,”&lt;/em&gt; which translates to the &lt;em&gt;Society for Foreign Liaison with Poles, “Polonia.”&lt;/em&gt; This group wanted to establish a relationship between Polish people at home and abroad. The Towarzystwo Łączności z Polonią Zagraniczną "Polonia” and the Ministry of Internal Affairs in communist Poland aimed to give a broad and positive overview of life in Poland for those who emigrated and those with Polish heritage.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The photographs themselves were taken by the &lt;em&gt;Centralna Agencja Fotograficzna&lt;/em&gt; which translates to the &lt;em&gt;Central Photographic Agency&lt;/em&gt;. This agency operated from 1951 to 1991 and released millions of photographs.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Historians have noted that during this time in Poland, there was a “propaganda of success.” This meant “[m]edia reporting bloated domestic economic results and political accomplishments and glowingly described the party leader’s close contacts with foreign heads of state. Never had Poland’s stature in the international community been so great, propaganda repeated” (Taras, 1984, p. 145). This tone of flawless accomplishment appears to have bled into this collection. Many of the photograph descriptions boast Poland’s accomplishments while ignoring serious economic, cultural and societal problems.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p&gt;Works Cited&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Narodowe Archiwum Cyfrowe. (2015). &lt;em&gt;Centralna Agencja Fotograficzna.&lt;/em&gt; Retrieved from &lt;a href="http://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&amp;amp;sl=pl&amp;amp;u=http://www.nac.gov.pl/caf&amp;amp;prev=search"&gt;http://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&amp;amp;sl=pl&amp;amp;u=http://www.nac.gov.pl/caf&amp;amp;prev=search&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Nitschke, B. (December 2012). Działalność towarzystwa łączności z Polonią zagraniczną „Polonia” wobec polskiej emigracji w latach 1955-1970. &lt;em&gt;Annales UMCS, Sectio K (Politologia),&lt;/em&gt; &lt;em&gt;19&lt;/em&gt;(1): 159–185. DOI: 10.2478/v10226-012-0007-9.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Taras, R. (1984). &lt;em&gt;Ideology in a socialist state.&lt;/em&gt; Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.&lt;/p&gt;</text>
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                <text>Obroty polskiego handlu zagranicznego wykazują w ostatnich latach bardzo szybkie tempo wzrostu, do czego m. in. walnie przyczyniają się Międzynarodowe Targi w Poznaniu. Nasz eksport, który w r. 1957 stanowił: 8,3 proc. wartości produktu narodowego obecnie zwiększył się do ponad 17 proc.

Na zdjęciu: fragment otwartych terenów wystawowych na XXXIV MTP.</text>
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                <text>The Polish foreign trade in recent years show a very rapid rate of growth, to which, among others. instrumental in contributing to the International Fair in Poznań. Our exports, which in 1957 accounted for 8.3 percent. the national product now increased to over 17 percent. 

In the photo: a fragment of the exhibition open to the XXXIV MTP.</text>
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                  <text>&lt;p&gt;The Towarzystwo Łączności z Polonią Zagraniczną "Polonia” Collection is an assortment of photographs created by the Ministry of Internal Affairs in communist Poland sent to the United States’ “Polonia,” or, areas or countries with a significant community of Poles outside of Poland. These photographs, most likely sent out in series, date from the 1960s to the early 1970s.  The University at Buffalo’s collection is made up of 32 folders containing 461 photographs that pertain to an assortment of topics highlighting Poland’s cultural, historical, technological and industrial advances, especially during the period of communist rule. The University at Buffalo Libraries have digitized these photographs and have attempted to maintain the original order of the series.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;This collection of propaganda photographs portrays selections of Polish culture, meant to show the country in the most advantageous fashion. Series in the collection include photographs of famous professors, actors, and musicians. There are also series featuring important industrial, historical and educational institutions, including bustling, modern cities and relaxing vacation destinations, according to the Polish Ministry of Internal Affairs.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;This collection was created by the &lt;em&gt;Towarzystwo Łączności z Polonią Zagraniczną "Polonia,”&lt;/em&gt; which translates to the &lt;em&gt;Society for Foreign Liaison with Poles, “Polonia.”&lt;/em&gt; This group wanted to establish a relationship between Polish people at home and abroad. The Towarzystwo Łączności z Polonią Zagraniczną "Polonia” and the Ministry of Internal Affairs in communist Poland aimed to give a broad and positive overview of life in Poland for those who emigrated and those with Polish heritage.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The photographs themselves were taken by the &lt;em&gt;Centralna Agencja Fotograficzna&lt;/em&gt; which translates to the &lt;em&gt;Central Photographic Agency&lt;/em&gt;. This agency operated from 1951 to 1991 and released millions of photographs.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Historians have noted that during this time in Poland, there was a “propaganda of success.” This meant “[m]edia reporting bloated domestic economic results and political accomplishments and glowingly described the party leader’s close contacts with foreign heads of state. Never had Poland’s stature in the international community been so great, propaganda repeated” (Taras, 1984, p. 145). This tone of flawless accomplishment appears to have bled into this collection. Many of the photograph descriptions boast Poland’s accomplishments while ignoring serious economic, cultural and societal problems.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p&gt;Works Cited&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Narodowe Archiwum Cyfrowe. (2015). &lt;em&gt;Centralna Agencja Fotograficzna.&lt;/em&gt; Retrieved from &lt;a href="http://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&amp;amp;sl=pl&amp;amp;u=http://www.nac.gov.pl/caf&amp;amp;prev=search"&gt;http://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&amp;amp;sl=pl&amp;amp;u=http://www.nac.gov.pl/caf&amp;amp;prev=search&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Nitschke, B. (December 2012). Działalność towarzystwa łączności z Polonią zagraniczną „Polonia” wobec polskiej emigracji w latach 1955-1970. &lt;em&gt;Annales UMCS, Sectio K (Politologia),&lt;/em&gt; &lt;em&gt;19&lt;/em&gt;(1): 159–185. DOI: 10.2478/v10226-012-0007-9.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Taras, R. (1984). &lt;em&gt;Ideology in a socialist state.&lt;/em&gt; Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.&lt;/p&gt;</text>
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                <text>Industrial Products of Poland, no. 19</text>
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                <text>1965</text>
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                <text>CAF/1965</text>
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                <text>Łącznie na tegorocznych Targach w Poznaniu wystawionych zostało około 200 nowoczesnych, polskich maszyn budowlanych, drogowych i innych urządzeń tej branży. Szczególną uwagę fachowców wzbudziły koparki gąsiennicowe (typ KM-251 i KM-602) wykonywane przez Zakłady im. Waryńskiego w Warszawie. Z tegorocznej produkcji koparek KM-602, w ilości kilkuset sztuk, 65% zostało już zakupione przez Indie, Bulgarię i ZSRR.

Na zdjęciu: wieloczynnościowa koparka KM-602. Są one wyposażane również</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="468158">
                <text>
w angielskie silniki marki Rolls Royce i Lister.</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="468159">
                <text>   In total, this year's Fair in Poznań has issued approximately 200 modern Polish construction, road and other equipment in this industry. Particular attention was attracted professionals tracked excavators (type KM-251 and KM-602) performed by betting them. Waryńskiego in Warsaw. With this year's production of excavators KM-602, in the amount of several hundred units, 65% have already been purchased by India, Bulgaria and the Soviet Union. 

Pictured: Multifunctional KM-602 excavator. They are well equipped</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="468160">
                <text> 
in English Rolls Royce engines and Lister.</text>
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                <text>Poznań International Fair </text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="468162">
                <text> Construction equipment industry -- Poland </text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="468163">
                <text> Backhoes -- Poland</text>
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                <text>State University of New York at Buffalo. University Libraries</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="1936398">
                <text>Towarzystwo Łączności z Polonią Zagraniczną "Polonia” Collection. LIB-007</text>
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                <text>State University of New York at Buffalo. Polish Collection</text>
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            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="1941214">
                <text>&lt;a href="https://rightsstatements.org/page/NoC-US/1.0/"&gt;NO COPYRIGHT – UNITED STATES&lt;/a&gt;. The organization that has made the Item available believes that the Item is in the Public Domain under the laws of the United States, but a determination was not made as to its copyright status under the copyright laws of other countries. The Item may not be in the Public Domain under the laws of other countries. Please refer to the organization that has made the Item available for more information.</text>
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                  <text>&lt;p&gt;The Towarzystwo Łączności z Polonią Zagraniczną "Polonia” Collection is an assortment of photographs created by the Ministry of Internal Affairs in communist Poland sent to the United States’ “Polonia,” or, areas or countries with a significant community of Poles outside of Poland. These photographs, most likely sent out in series, date from the 1960s to the early 1970s.  The University at Buffalo’s collection is made up of 32 folders containing 461 photographs that pertain to an assortment of topics highlighting Poland’s cultural, historical, technological and industrial advances, especially during the period of communist rule. The University at Buffalo Libraries have digitized these photographs and have attempted to maintain the original order of the series.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;This collection of propaganda photographs portrays selections of Polish culture, meant to show the country in the most advantageous fashion. Series in the collection include photographs of famous professors, actors, and musicians. There are also series featuring important industrial, historical and educational institutions, including bustling, modern cities and relaxing vacation destinations, according to the Polish Ministry of Internal Affairs.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;This collection was created by the &lt;em&gt;Towarzystwo Łączności z Polonią Zagraniczną "Polonia,”&lt;/em&gt; which translates to the &lt;em&gt;Society for Foreign Liaison with Poles, “Polonia.”&lt;/em&gt; This group wanted to establish a relationship between Polish people at home and abroad. The Towarzystwo Łączności z Polonią Zagraniczną "Polonia” and the Ministry of Internal Affairs in communist Poland aimed to give a broad and positive overview of life in Poland for those who emigrated and those with Polish heritage.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The photographs themselves were taken by the &lt;em&gt;Centralna Agencja Fotograficzna&lt;/em&gt; which translates to the &lt;em&gt;Central Photographic Agency&lt;/em&gt;. This agency operated from 1951 to 1991 and released millions of photographs.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Historians have noted that during this time in Poland, there was a “propaganda of success.” This meant “[m]edia reporting bloated domestic economic results and political accomplishments and glowingly described the party leader’s close contacts with foreign heads of state. Never had Poland’s stature in the international community been so great, propaganda repeated” (Taras, 1984, p. 145). This tone of flawless accomplishment appears to have bled into this collection. Many of the photograph descriptions boast Poland’s accomplishments while ignoring serious economic, cultural and societal problems.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p&gt;Works Cited&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Narodowe Archiwum Cyfrowe. (2015). &lt;em&gt;Centralna Agencja Fotograficzna.&lt;/em&gt; Retrieved from &lt;a href="http://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&amp;amp;sl=pl&amp;amp;u=http://www.nac.gov.pl/caf&amp;amp;prev=search"&gt;http://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&amp;amp;sl=pl&amp;amp;u=http://www.nac.gov.pl/caf&amp;amp;prev=search&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Nitschke, B. (December 2012). Działalność towarzystwa łączności z Polonią zagraniczną „Polonia” wobec polskiej emigracji w latach 1955-1970. &lt;em&gt;Annales UMCS, Sectio K (Politologia),&lt;/em&gt; &lt;em&gt;19&lt;/em&gt;(1): 159–185. DOI: 10.2478/v10226-012-0007-9.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Taras, R. (1984). &lt;em&gt;Ideology in a socialist state.&lt;/em&gt; Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.&lt;/p&gt;</text>
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                <text>Industrial Products of Poland, no. 18</text>
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                <text>1965</text>
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                <text>CAF/1965</text>
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                <text>W ostatnich latach pomyślnie rozwija się krajowa produkcja ciężkiego,
pomocniczego sprzętu transportowego. Na tegorocznych MTP był on reprezentowany m. in. przez ciężką przyczepę do transportu wielkich elementów (zabiera ładunek 44 ton) i przyczepę typ P-110 do transportu bębnów kablowych (ładowność 11 ton).

Na zdjęciu: przyczepa P-110.</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="468145">
                <text>In recent years, successfully expanding domestic production of heavy ancillary transport equipment. At this year's PIF was represented, among others. by a heavy trailer to transport large items (takes 44 tons of cargo) and trailer type P-110 transport cable drums (capacity 11 tons).

 Pictured: trailer P-110.</text>
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            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
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                <text>Poznań International Fair </text>
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                  <text>&lt;p&gt;The Towarzystwo Łączności z Polonią Zagraniczną "Polonia” Collection is an assortment of photographs created by the Ministry of Internal Affairs in communist Poland sent to the United States’ “Polonia,” or, areas or countries with a significant community of Poles outside of Poland. These photographs, most likely sent out in series, date from the 1960s to the early 1970s.  The University at Buffalo’s collection is made up of 32 folders containing 461 photographs that pertain to an assortment of topics highlighting Poland’s cultural, historical, technological and industrial advances, especially during the period of communist rule. The University at Buffalo Libraries have digitized these photographs and have attempted to maintain the original order of the series.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;This collection of propaganda photographs portrays selections of Polish culture, meant to show the country in the most advantageous fashion. Series in the collection include photographs of famous professors, actors, and musicians. There are also series featuring important industrial, historical and educational institutions, including bustling, modern cities and relaxing vacation destinations, according to the Polish Ministry of Internal Affairs.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;This collection was created by the &lt;em&gt;Towarzystwo Łączności z Polonią Zagraniczną "Polonia,”&lt;/em&gt; which translates to the &lt;em&gt;Society for Foreign Liaison with Poles, “Polonia.”&lt;/em&gt; This group wanted to establish a relationship between Polish people at home and abroad. The Towarzystwo Łączności z Polonią Zagraniczną "Polonia” and the Ministry of Internal Affairs in communist Poland aimed to give a broad and positive overview of life in Poland for those who emigrated and those with Polish heritage.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The photographs themselves were taken by the &lt;em&gt;Centralna Agencja Fotograficzna&lt;/em&gt; which translates to the &lt;em&gt;Central Photographic Agency&lt;/em&gt;. This agency operated from 1951 to 1991 and released millions of photographs.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Historians have noted that during this time in Poland, there was a “propaganda of success.” This meant “[m]edia reporting bloated domestic economic results and political accomplishments and glowingly described the party leader’s close contacts with foreign heads of state. Never had Poland’s stature in the international community been so great, propaganda repeated” (Taras, 1984, p. 145). This tone of flawless accomplishment appears to have bled into this collection. Many of the photograph descriptions boast Poland’s accomplishments while ignoring serious economic, cultural and societal problems.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p&gt;Works Cited&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Narodowe Archiwum Cyfrowe. (2015). &lt;em&gt;Centralna Agencja Fotograficzna.&lt;/em&gt; Retrieved from &lt;a href="http://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&amp;amp;sl=pl&amp;amp;u=http://www.nac.gov.pl/caf&amp;amp;prev=search"&gt;http://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&amp;amp;sl=pl&amp;amp;u=http://www.nac.gov.pl/caf&amp;amp;prev=search&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Nitschke, B. (December 2012). Działalność towarzystwa łączności z Polonią zagraniczną „Polonia” wobec polskiej emigracji w latach 1955-1970. &lt;em&gt;Annales UMCS, Sectio K (Politologia),&lt;/em&gt; &lt;em&gt;19&lt;/em&gt;(1): 159–185. DOI: 10.2478/v10226-012-0007-9.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Taras, R. (1984). &lt;em&gt;Ideology in a socialist state.&lt;/em&gt; Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.&lt;/p&gt;</text>
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                <text>Efektownie prezentowała się na MTP w Poznaniu ekspozycja polskiego
przemysłu maszyn budowlanych. Górują nad nim wysmukłe, strzeliste żurawie dżwigów.</text>
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construction equipment industry. Dominate over the slender, towering cranes cranes.</text>
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                <text>&lt;a href="https://rightsstatements.org/page/NoC-US/1.0/"&gt;NO COPYRIGHT – UNITED STATES&lt;/a&gt;. The organization that has made the Item available believes that the Item is in the Public Domain under the laws of the United States, but a determination was not made as to its copyright status under the copyright laws of other countries. The Item may not be in the Public Domain under the laws of other countries. Please refer to the organization that has made the Item available for more information.</text>
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                  <text>&lt;p&gt;The Towarzystwo Łączności z Polonią Zagraniczną "Polonia” Collection is an assortment of photographs created by the Ministry of Internal Affairs in communist Poland sent to the United States’ “Polonia,” or, areas or countries with a significant community of Poles outside of Poland. These photographs, most likely sent out in series, date from the 1960s to the early 1970s.  The University at Buffalo’s collection is made up of 32 folders containing 461 photographs that pertain to an assortment of topics highlighting Poland’s cultural, historical, technological and industrial advances, especially during the period of communist rule. The University at Buffalo Libraries have digitized these photographs and have attempted to maintain the original order of the series.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;This collection of propaganda photographs portrays selections of Polish culture, meant to show the country in the most advantageous fashion. Series in the collection include photographs of famous professors, actors, and musicians. There are also series featuring important industrial, historical and educational institutions, including bustling, modern cities and relaxing vacation destinations, according to the Polish Ministry of Internal Affairs.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;This collection was created by the &lt;em&gt;Towarzystwo Łączności z Polonią Zagraniczną "Polonia,”&lt;/em&gt; which translates to the &lt;em&gt;Society for Foreign Liaison with Poles, “Polonia.”&lt;/em&gt; This group wanted to establish a relationship between Polish people at home and abroad. The Towarzystwo Łączności z Polonią Zagraniczną "Polonia” and the Ministry of Internal Affairs in communist Poland aimed to give a broad and positive overview of life in Poland for those who emigrated and those with Polish heritage.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The photographs themselves were taken by the &lt;em&gt;Centralna Agencja Fotograficzna&lt;/em&gt; which translates to the &lt;em&gt;Central Photographic Agency&lt;/em&gt;. This agency operated from 1951 to 1991 and released millions of photographs.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Historians have noted that during this time in Poland, there was a “propaganda of success.” This meant “[m]edia reporting bloated domestic economic results and political accomplishments and glowingly described the party leader’s close contacts with foreign heads of state. Never had Poland’s stature in the international community been so great, propaganda repeated” (Taras, 1984, p. 145). This tone of flawless accomplishment appears to have bled into this collection. Many of the photograph descriptions boast Poland’s accomplishments while ignoring serious economic, cultural and societal problems.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p&gt;Works Cited&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Narodowe Archiwum Cyfrowe. (2015). &lt;em&gt;Centralna Agencja Fotograficzna.&lt;/em&gt; Retrieved from &lt;a href="http://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&amp;amp;sl=pl&amp;amp;u=http://www.nac.gov.pl/caf&amp;amp;prev=search"&gt;http://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&amp;amp;sl=pl&amp;amp;u=http://www.nac.gov.pl/caf&amp;amp;prev=search&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Nitschke, B. (December 2012). Działalność towarzystwa łączności z Polonią zagraniczną „Polonia” wobec polskiej emigracji w latach 1955-1970. &lt;em&gt;Annales UMCS, Sectio K (Politologia),&lt;/em&gt; &lt;em&gt;19&lt;/em&gt;(1): 159–185. DOI: 10.2478/v10226-012-0007-9.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Taras, R. (1984). &lt;em&gt;Ideology in a socialist state.&lt;/em&gt; Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.&lt;/p&gt;</text>
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                <text>Od wielu już lat polskie wodomierze cieszą się doskonałą opinią w kilkudziesięciu krajach. Są one wykonywane w specjalistycznych zakładach w Toruniu, Poznaniu i Wroclawiu. 

Na zdjęciu: wodomierze z wrocławskiej fabryki.</text>
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                <text>For many years the Polish water meters enjoy an excellent reputation in dozens of countries. They are carried out in specialist factories in Torun, Poznan and Wroclaw. 

Pictured: water meters from the Wroclaw factory.</text>
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                <text> Water-meters -- Manufacture -- Poland</text>
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                  <text>&lt;p&gt;The Towarzystwo Łączności z Polonią Zagraniczną "Polonia” Collection is an assortment of photographs created by the Ministry of Internal Affairs in communist Poland sent to the United States’ “Polonia,” or, areas or countries with a significant community of Poles outside of Poland. These photographs, most likely sent out in series, date from the 1960s to the early 1970s.  The University at Buffalo’s collection is made up of 32 folders containing 461 photographs that pertain to an assortment of topics highlighting Poland’s cultural, historical, technological and industrial advances, especially during the period of communist rule. The University at Buffalo Libraries have digitized these photographs and have attempted to maintain the original order of the series.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;This collection of propaganda photographs portrays selections of Polish culture, meant to show the country in the most advantageous fashion. Series in the collection include photographs of famous professors, actors, and musicians. There are also series featuring important industrial, historical and educational institutions, including bustling, modern cities and relaxing vacation destinations, according to the Polish Ministry of Internal Affairs.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;This collection was created by the &lt;em&gt;Towarzystwo Łączności z Polonią Zagraniczną "Polonia,”&lt;/em&gt; which translates to the &lt;em&gt;Society for Foreign Liaison with Poles, “Polonia.”&lt;/em&gt; This group wanted to establish a relationship between Polish people at home and abroad. The Towarzystwo Łączności z Polonią Zagraniczną "Polonia” and the Ministry of Internal Affairs in communist Poland aimed to give a broad and positive overview of life in Poland for those who emigrated and those with Polish heritage.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The photographs themselves were taken by the &lt;em&gt;Centralna Agencja Fotograficzna&lt;/em&gt; which translates to the &lt;em&gt;Central Photographic Agency&lt;/em&gt;. This agency operated from 1951 to 1991 and released millions of photographs.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Historians have noted that during this time in Poland, there was a “propaganda of success.” This meant “[m]edia reporting bloated domestic economic results and political accomplishments and glowingly described the party leader’s close contacts with foreign heads of state. Never had Poland’s stature in the international community been so great, propaganda repeated” (Taras, 1984, p. 145). This tone of flawless accomplishment appears to have bled into this collection. Many of the photograph descriptions boast Poland’s accomplishments while ignoring serious economic, cultural and societal problems.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p&gt;Works Cited&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Narodowe Archiwum Cyfrowe. (2015). &lt;em&gt;Centralna Agencja Fotograficzna.&lt;/em&gt; Retrieved from &lt;a href="http://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&amp;amp;sl=pl&amp;amp;u=http://www.nac.gov.pl/caf&amp;amp;prev=search"&gt;http://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&amp;amp;sl=pl&amp;amp;u=http://www.nac.gov.pl/caf&amp;amp;prev=search&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Nitschke, B. (December 2012). Działalność towarzystwa łączności z Polonią zagraniczną „Polonia” wobec polskiej emigracji w latach 1955-1970. &lt;em&gt;Annales UMCS, Sectio K (Politologia),&lt;/em&gt; &lt;em&gt;19&lt;/em&gt;(1): 159–185. DOI: 10.2478/v10226-012-0007-9.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Taras, R. (1984). &lt;em&gt;Ideology in a socialist state.&lt;/em&gt; Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.&lt;/p&gt;</text>
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                <text>Industrial Products of Poland, no. 15</text>
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                <text>Szybko rozwija się transport samochodowy i lotniczy, ale kolej jeszcze przez długie lata stanowić będzie podstawowy środek lokomocji, tym bardziej, że konstruktorzy taboru kolejowego ciągle go ulepszają, koncentrując swoje wysiłki na trzech podstawowych wynikach: wygoda jazdy, szybkość, bezpieczeństwo. W eksporcie taboru kolejowego kraj nasz zajmuje trzecie miejsce w Europie,
a czwarte na świecie: Główna w tym zasługa największych producentów zakładów: Pafawag we· Wrocławiu, H. Cegielski w Pozznaniu,
Fablok w Chrzanowie, Konstal w Chorzowie.

Na zdjęciu: 4-osiowa lokomotywa elektryczna, uniwersalna dużej mocy, rozwijająca szybkość do 125 km/godz., produkcji Pafawagu.</text>
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                <text>Fast growing transportation and air, but turn many more years will be the primary means of locomotion, the more that developers rolling it continuously improve by focusing its efforts on three main results: riding comfort, speed, security. The export of rolling stock, our country ranks third in Europe, 
and the fourth in the world: The main credit for this goes to the largest producers of bets: · Pafawag in Wroclaw, H. Cegielski in Pozznaniu, 
Fablok in Chrzanów Konstal in Chorzow. 

Pictured: 4-axle electric locomotive, universal high-power, developing speed to 125 km / h., Production Pafawag.</text>
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                  <text>&lt;p&gt;The Towarzystwo Łączności z Polonią Zagraniczną "Polonia” Collection is an assortment of photographs created by the Ministry of Internal Affairs in communist Poland sent to the United States’ “Polonia,” or, areas or countries with a significant community of Poles outside of Poland. These photographs, most likely sent out in series, date from the 1960s to the early 1970s.  The University at Buffalo’s collection is made up of 32 folders containing 461 photographs that pertain to an assortment of topics highlighting Poland’s cultural, historical, technological and industrial advances, especially during the period of communist rule. The University at Buffalo Libraries have digitized these photographs and have attempted to maintain the original order of the series.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;This collection of propaganda photographs portrays selections of Polish culture, meant to show the country in the most advantageous fashion. Series in the collection include photographs of famous professors, actors, and musicians. There are also series featuring important industrial, historical and educational institutions, including bustling, modern cities and relaxing vacation destinations, according to the Polish Ministry of Internal Affairs.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;This collection was created by the &lt;em&gt;Towarzystwo Łączności z Polonią Zagraniczną "Polonia,”&lt;/em&gt; which translates to the &lt;em&gt;Society for Foreign Liaison with Poles, “Polonia.”&lt;/em&gt; This group wanted to establish a relationship between Polish people at home and abroad. The Towarzystwo Łączności z Polonią Zagraniczną "Polonia” and the Ministry of Internal Affairs in communist Poland aimed to give a broad and positive overview of life in Poland for those who emigrated and those with Polish heritage.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The photographs themselves were taken by the &lt;em&gt;Centralna Agencja Fotograficzna&lt;/em&gt; which translates to the &lt;em&gt;Central Photographic Agency&lt;/em&gt;. This agency operated from 1951 to 1991 and released millions of photographs.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Historians have noted that during this time in Poland, there was a “propaganda of success.” This meant “[m]edia reporting bloated domestic economic results and political accomplishments and glowingly described the party leader’s close contacts with foreign heads of state. Never had Poland’s stature in the international community been so great, propaganda repeated” (Taras, 1984, p. 145). This tone of flawless accomplishment appears to have bled into this collection. Many of the photograph descriptions boast Poland’s accomplishments while ignoring serious economic, cultural and societal problems.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p&gt;Works Cited&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Narodowe Archiwum Cyfrowe. (2015). &lt;em&gt;Centralna Agencja Fotograficzna.&lt;/em&gt; Retrieved from &lt;a href="http://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&amp;amp;sl=pl&amp;amp;u=http://www.nac.gov.pl/caf&amp;amp;prev=search"&gt;http://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&amp;amp;sl=pl&amp;amp;u=http://www.nac.gov.pl/caf&amp;amp;prev=search&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Nitschke, B. (December 2012). Działalność towarzystwa łączności z Polonią zagraniczną „Polonia” wobec polskiej emigracji w latach 1955-1970. &lt;em&gt;Annales UMCS, Sectio K (Politologia),&lt;/em&gt; &lt;em&gt;19&lt;/em&gt;(1): 159–185. DOI: 10.2478/v10226-012-0007-9.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Taras, R. (1984). &lt;em&gt;Ideology in a socialist state.&lt;/em&gt; Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.&lt;/p&gt;</text>
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                <text>Fragment stoiska naszego przemysłu motoryzacyjnego na tegorocznych Targach w Poznaniu. Zaprezentowaliśmy przede wszystkim duży zestaw różnego typu samochodów dostawczych (na bazie"Warszawy," "Zuka,'' i "Nysy"). Wszystkie cechują duże walory eksploatacyjne.</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="468093">
                <text>Fragment of our automotive industry stands at this year's Fair in Poznań. We presented first of all a large set of different types of vehicles (based on the "Warsaw," "Zuka,'' and" Nysa "). All are characterized by large values ​​of consumables.</text>
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                  <text>&lt;p&gt;The Towarzystwo Łączności z Polonią Zagraniczną "Polonia” Collection is an assortment of photographs created by the Ministry of Internal Affairs in communist Poland sent to the United States’ “Polonia,” or, areas or countries with a significant community of Poles outside of Poland. These photographs, most likely sent out in series, date from the 1960s to the early 1970s.  The University at Buffalo’s collection is made up of 32 folders containing 461 photographs that pertain to an assortment of topics highlighting Poland’s cultural, historical, technological and industrial advances, especially during the period of communist rule. The University at Buffalo Libraries have digitized these photographs and have attempted to maintain the original order of the series.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;This collection of propaganda photographs portrays selections of Polish culture, meant to show the country in the most advantageous fashion. Series in the collection include photographs of famous professors, actors, and musicians. There are also series featuring important industrial, historical and educational institutions, including bustling, modern cities and relaxing vacation destinations, according to the Polish Ministry of Internal Affairs.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;This collection was created by the &lt;em&gt;Towarzystwo Łączności z Polonią Zagraniczną "Polonia,”&lt;/em&gt; which translates to the &lt;em&gt;Society for Foreign Liaison with Poles, “Polonia.”&lt;/em&gt; This group wanted to establish a relationship between Polish people at home and abroad. The Towarzystwo Łączności z Polonią Zagraniczną "Polonia” and the Ministry of Internal Affairs in communist Poland aimed to give a broad and positive overview of life in Poland for those who emigrated and those with Polish heritage.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The photographs themselves were taken by the &lt;em&gt;Centralna Agencja Fotograficzna&lt;/em&gt; which translates to the &lt;em&gt;Central Photographic Agency&lt;/em&gt;. This agency operated from 1951 to 1991 and released millions of photographs.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Historians have noted that during this time in Poland, there was a “propaganda of success.” This meant “[m]edia reporting bloated domestic economic results and political accomplishments and glowingly described the party leader’s close contacts with foreign heads of state. Never had Poland’s stature in the international community been so great, propaganda repeated” (Taras, 1984, p. 145). This tone of flawless accomplishment appears to have bled into this collection. Many of the photograph descriptions boast Poland’s accomplishments while ignoring serious economic, cultural and societal problems.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p&gt;Works Cited&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Narodowe Archiwum Cyfrowe. (2015). &lt;em&gt;Centralna Agencja Fotograficzna.&lt;/em&gt; Retrieved from &lt;a href="http://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&amp;amp;sl=pl&amp;amp;u=http://www.nac.gov.pl/caf&amp;amp;prev=search"&gt;http://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&amp;amp;sl=pl&amp;amp;u=http://www.nac.gov.pl/caf&amp;amp;prev=search&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Nitschke, B. (December 2012). Działalność towarzystwa łączności z Polonią zagraniczną „Polonia” wobec polskiej emigracji w latach 1955-1970. &lt;em&gt;Annales UMCS, Sectio K (Politologia),&lt;/em&gt; &lt;em&gt;19&lt;/em&gt;(1): 159–185. DOI: 10.2478/v10226-012-0007-9.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Taras, R. (1984). &lt;em&gt;Ideology in a socialist state.&lt;/em&gt; Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.&lt;/p&gt;</text>
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                <text>Na całym świecie istnieje ogromne zapotrzebowanie na kable i przewody elektryczne. Tylko nie wiele krajów wytwarza maszyny i urządzenia do ich produkcji. Do grupy tej ostatnio weszła również Polska.

Na zdjęciu: jedna z wysokowydajnych maszyn do skręcania przewodów.</text>
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                <text>Throughout the world there is a huge demand for cables and electric wires. Just not many countries produce machines and equipment for their production. This group also recently entered Poland. 

Pictured: one of the high-wire twisting machines.</text>
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                <text> Electric wiring -- Poland </text>
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                <text> Machinery industry -- Poland</text>
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                  <text>&lt;p&gt;The Towarzystwo Łączności z Polonią Zagraniczną "Polonia” Collection is an assortment of photographs created by the Ministry of Internal Affairs in communist Poland sent to the United States’ “Polonia,” or, areas or countries with a significant community of Poles outside of Poland. These photographs, most likely sent out in series, date from the 1960s to the early 1970s.  The University at Buffalo’s collection is made up of 32 folders containing 461 photographs that pertain to an assortment of topics highlighting Poland’s cultural, historical, technological and industrial advances, especially during the period of communist rule. The University at Buffalo Libraries have digitized these photographs and have attempted to maintain the original order of the series.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;This collection of propaganda photographs portrays selections of Polish culture, meant to show the country in the most advantageous fashion. Series in the collection include photographs of famous professors, actors, and musicians. There are also series featuring important industrial, historical and educational institutions, including bustling, modern cities and relaxing vacation destinations, according to the Polish Ministry of Internal Affairs.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;This collection was created by the &lt;em&gt;Towarzystwo Łączności z Polonią Zagraniczną "Polonia,”&lt;/em&gt; which translates to the &lt;em&gt;Society for Foreign Liaison with Poles, “Polonia.”&lt;/em&gt; This group wanted to establish a relationship between Polish people at home and abroad. The Towarzystwo Łączności z Polonią Zagraniczną "Polonia” and the Ministry of Internal Affairs in communist Poland aimed to give a broad and positive overview of life in Poland for those who emigrated and those with Polish heritage.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The photographs themselves were taken by the &lt;em&gt;Centralna Agencja Fotograficzna&lt;/em&gt; which translates to the &lt;em&gt;Central Photographic Agency&lt;/em&gt;. This agency operated from 1951 to 1991 and released millions of photographs.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Historians have noted that during this time in Poland, there was a “propaganda of success.” This meant “[m]edia reporting bloated domestic economic results and political accomplishments and glowingly described the party leader’s close contacts with foreign heads of state. Never had Poland’s stature in the international community been so great, propaganda repeated” (Taras, 1984, p. 145). This tone of flawless accomplishment appears to have bled into this collection. Many of the photograph descriptions boast Poland’s accomplishments while ignoring serious economic, cultural and societal problems.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p&gt;Works Cited&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Narodowe Archiwum Cyfrowe. (2015). &lt;em&gt;Centralna Agencja Fotograficzna.&lt;/em&gt; Retrieved from &lt;a href="http://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&amp;amp;sl=pl&amp;amp;u=http://www.nac.gov.pl/caf&amp;amp;prev=search"&gt;http://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&amp;amp;sl=pl&amp;amp;u=http://www.nac.gov.pl/caf&amp;amp;prev=search&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Nitschke, B. (December 2012). Działalność towarzystwa łączności z Polonią zagraniczną „Polonia” wobec polskiej emigracji w latach 1955-1970. &lt;em&gt;Annales UMCS, Sectio K (Politologia),&lt;/em&gt; &lt;em&gt;19&lt;/em&gt;(1): 159–185. DOI: 10.2478/v10226-012-0007-9.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Taras, R. (1984). &lt;em&gt;Ideology in a socialist state.&lt;/em&gt; Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.&lt;/p&gt;</text>
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                <text>Industrial Products of Poland, no. 12</text>
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                <text>Nowoczesny przemysł wymaga coraz większych ilości specjalnej aparatury pomiarowej. I w tej dziedzinie polska myśl konstrukcyjna odnosi sukcesy, czego najlepszym dowodem duża ilość urządzeń tego typu - najwyższej klasy - na tegorocznych MTP.

Na zdjęciu: defektoskop ultradżwiękowy do badania szyn kolejowych. Przy jego
pomocy można w ciągu godziny zbadać odcinek szyn długości 4 km.</text>
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                <text>Modern industry requires increasing amounts of special measuring apparatus. And in the field of Polish design idea is successful, the best evidence of a large number of devices of this type - first class - at this year's PIF. 

Pictured: ultrasonic flaw detector for testing rails. At its 
to aid you in an hour to explore the rails stretch a length of 4 km.</text>
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                <text> Ultrasonic equipment -- Poland</text>
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                  <text>&lt;p&gt;The Towarzystwo Łączności z Polonią Zagraniczną "Polonia” Collection is an assortment of photographs created by the Ministry of Internal Affairs in communist Poland sent to the United States’ “Polonia,” or, areas or countries with a significant community of Poles outside of Poland. These photographs, most likely sent out in series, date from the 1960s to the early 1970s.  The University at Buffalo’s collection is made up of 32 folders containing 461 photographs that pertain to an assortment of topics highlighting Poland’s cultural, historical, technological and industrial advances, especially during the period of communist rule. The University at Buffalo Libraries have digitized these photographs and have attempted to maintain the original order of the series.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;This collection of propaganda photographs portrays selections of Polish culture, meant to show the country in the most advantageous fashion. Series in the collection include photographs of famous professors, actors, and musicians. There are also series featuring important industrial, historical and educational institutions, including bustling, modern cities and relaxing vacation destinations, according to the Polish Ministry of Internal Affairs.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;This collection was created by the &lt;em&gt;Towarzystwo Łączności z Polonią Zagraniczną "Polonia,”&lt;/em&gt; which translates to the &lt;em&gt;Society for Foreign Liaison with Poles, “Polonia.”&lt;/em&gt; This group wanted to establish a relationship between Polish people at home and abroad. The Towarzystwo Łączności z Polonią Zagraniczną "Polonia” and the Ministry of Internal Affairs in communist Poland aimed to give a broad and positive overview of life in Poland for those who emigrated and those with Polish heritage.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The photographs themselves were taken by the &lt;em&gt;Centralna Agencja Fotograficzna&lt;/em&gt; which translates to the &lt;em&gt;Central Photographic Agency&lt;/em&gt;. This agency operated from 1951 to 1991 and released millions of photographs.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Historians have noted that during this time in Poland, there was a “propaganda of success.” This meant “[m]edia reporting bloated domestic economic results and political accomplishments and glowingly described the party leader’s close contacts with foreign heads of state. Never had Poland’s stature in the international community been so great, propaganda repeated” (Taras, 1984, p. 145). This tone of flawless accomplishment appears to have bled into this collection. Many of the photograph descriptions boast Poland’s accomplishments while ignoring serious economic, cultural and societal problems.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p&gt;Works Cited&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Narodowe Archiwum Cyfrowe. (2015). &lt;em&gt;Centralna Agencja Fotograficzna.&lt;/em&gt; Retrieved from &lt;a href="http://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&amp;amp;sl=pl&amp;amp;u=http://www.nac.gov.pl/caf&amp;amp;prev=search"&gt;http://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&amp;amp;sl=pl&amp;amp;u=http://www.nac.gov.pl/caf&amp;amp;prev=search&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Nitschke, B. (December 2012). Działalność towarzystwa łączności z Polonią zagraniczną „Polonia” wobec polskiej emigracji w latach 1955-1970. &lt;em&gt;Annales UMCS, Sectio K (Politologia),&lt;/em&gt; &lt;em&gt;19&lt;/em&gt;(1): 159–185. DOI: 10.2478/v10226-012-0007-9.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Taras, R. (1984). &lt;em&gt;Ideology in a socialist state.&lt;/em&gt; Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.&lt;/p&gt;</text>
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                <text>Industrial Products of Poland, no. 11</text>
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                <text>Jedną z nowych grup asortymentowych oferowanych nabywcom jest aparatura medyczna, na czele z tego typu pozycją, jak słynne
już polskie płuco-serce (do operacji chorych z wrodzoną wadą serca) konstrukcji prof. dr J. Molla i inż. inż. F. Płużka i W. Szymkowiaka.

Na zdjęciu: fragment ekspozycji polskiej aparatury medycznej.</text>
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                <text>One of the new groups of products offered to customers  is a medical apparatus, headed with this type of item, such as the famous 
Polish already heart-lung machine (for surgery of patients with congenital  heart) design prof. Dr. J. Moll and Eng. Eng. F. Płużka and W. Szymkowiak. 

In the photo: a fragment of exposure Polish medical equipment.</text>
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                <text> Medical devices and equipment -- Poland</text>
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                  <text>&lt;p&gt;The Towarzystwo Łączności z Polonią Zagraniczną "Polonia” Collection is an assortment of photographs created by the Ministry of Internal Affairs in communist Poland sent to the United States’ “Polonia,” or, areas or countries with a significant community of Poles outside of Poland. These photographs, most likely sent out in series, date from the 1960s to the early 1970s.  The University at Buffalo’s collection is made up of 32 folders containing 461 photographs that pertain to an assortment of topics highlighting Poland’s cultural, historical, technological and industrial advances, especially during the period of communist rule. The University at Buffalo Libraries have digitized these photographs and have attempted to maintain the original order of the series.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;This collection of propaganda photographs portrays selections of Polish culture, meant to show the country in the most advantageous fashion. Series in the collection include photographs of famous professors, actors, and musicians. There are also series featuring important industrial, historical and educational institutions, including bustling, modern cities and relaxing vacation destinations, according to the Polish Ministry of Internal Affairs.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;This collection was created by the &lt;em&gt;Towarzystwo Łączności z Polonią Zagraniczną "Polonia,”&lt;/em&gt; which translates to the &lt;em&gt;Society for Foreign Liaison with Poles, “Polonia.”&lt;/em&gt; This group wanted to establish a relationship between Polish people at home and abroad. The Towarzystwo Łączności z Polonią Zagraniczną "Polonia” and the Ministry of Internal Affairs in communist Poland aimed to give a broad and positive overview of life in Poland for those who emigrated and those with Polish heritage.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The photographs themselves were taken by the &lt;em&gt;Centralna Agencja Fotograficzna&lt;/em&gt; which translates to the &lt;em&gt;Central Photographic Agency&lt;/em&gt;. This agency operated from 1951 to 1991 and released millions of photographs.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Historians have noted that during this time in Poland, there was a “propaganda of success.” This meant “[m]edia reporting bloated domestic economic results and political accomplishments and glowingly described the party leader’s close contacts with foreign heads of state. Never had Poland’s stature in the international community been so great, propaganda repeated” (Taras, 1984, p. 145). This tone of flawless accomplishment appears to have bled into this collection. Many of the photograph descriptions boast Poland’s accomplishments while ignoring serious economic, cultural and societal problems.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p&gt;Works Cited&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Narodowe Archiwum Cyfrowe. (2015). &lt;em&gt;Centralna Agencja Fotograficzna.&lt;/em&gt; Retrieved from &lt;a href="http://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&amp;amp;sl=pl&amp;amp;u=http://www.nac.gov.pl/caf&amp;amp;prev=search"&gt;http://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&amp;amp;sl=pl&amp;amp;u=http://www.nac.gov.pl/caf&amp;amp;prev=search&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Nitschke, B. (December 2012). Działalność towarzystwa łączności z Polonią zagraniczną „Polonia” wobec polskiej emigracji w latach 1955-1970. &lt;em&gt;Annales UMCS, Sectio K (Politologia),&lt;/em&gt; &lt;em&gt;19&lt;/em&gt;(1): 159–185. DOI: 10.2478/v10226-012-0007-9.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Taras, R. (1984). &lt;em&gt;Ideology in a socialist state.&lt;/em&gt; Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.&lt;/p&gt;</text>
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                <text>Jest jednak jedna dziedzina motoryzacji, w której konkurować możemy z najlepszymi: motorowery. Rodzina popularnych "Komarów" ciągle się rozszerza. Ich nowoczesna, lekka konstrukcja zdobywa sobie z każdym rokiem więcej zwolenników wsród zagranicznych nabywców.

Na zdjęciu: jeden z "Komarów" MR 232 ... godz zużycie paliwa 1,7 I na 100 km.</text>
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                <text>There is one area of ​​the automotive industry, in which we can compete with the best: mopeds. Family popular "Mosquitoes" is constantly expanding. Their modern, lightweight design is gaining  more supporters every year among foreign buyers. 

Pictured: one of the "Mosquito" MR 232 ... consumption 1.7 hours and 100 km.</text>
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                  <text>&lt;p&gt;The Towarzystwo Łączności z Polonią Zagraniczną "Polonia” Collection is an assortment of photographs created by the Ministry of Internal Affairs in communist Poland sent to the United States’ “Polonia,” or, areas or countries with a significant community of Poles outside of Poland. These photographs, most likely sent out in series, date from the 1960s to the early 1970s.  The University at Buffalo’s collection is made up of 32 folders containing 461 photographs that pertain to an assortment of topics highlighting Poland’s cultural, historical, technological and industrial advances, especially during the period of communist rule. The University at Buffalo Libraries have digitized these photographs and have attempted to maintain the original order of the series.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;This collection of propaganda photographs portrays selections of Polish culture, meant to show the country in the most advantageous fashion. Series in the collection include photographs of famous professors, actors, and musicians. There are also series featuring important industrial, historical and educational institutions, including bustling, modern cities and relaxing vacation destinations, according to the Polish Ministry of Internal Affairs.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;This collection was created by the &lt;em&gt;Towarzystwo Łączności z Polonią Zagraniczną "Polonia,”&lt;/em&gt; which translates to the &lt;em&gt;Society for Foreign Liaison with Poles, “Polonia.”&lt;/em&gt; This group wanted to establish a relationship between Polish people at home and abroad. The Towarzystwo Łączności z Polonią Zagraniczną "Polonia” and the Ministry of Internal Affairs in communist Poland aimed to give a broad and positive overview of life in Poland for those who emigrated and those with Polish heritage.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The photographs themselves were taken by the &lt;em&gt;Centralna Agencja Fotograficzna&lt;/em&gt; which translates to the &lt;em&gt;Central Photographic Agency&lt;/em&gt;. This agency operated from 1951 to 1991 and released millions of photographs.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Historians have noted that during this time in Poland, there was a “propaganda of success.” This meant “[m]edia reporting bloated domestic economic results and political accomplishments and glowingly described the party leader’s close contacts with foreign heads of state. Never had Poland’s stature in the international community been so great, propaganda repeated” (Taras, 1984, p. 145). This tone of flawless accomplishment appears to have bled into this collection. Many of the photograph descriptions boast Poland’s accomplishments while ignoring serious economic, cultural and societal problems.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p&gt;Works Cited&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Narodowe Archiwum Cyfrowe. (2015). &lt;em&gt;Centralna Agencja Fotograficzna.&lt;/em&gt; Retrieved from &lt;a href="http://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&amp;amp;sl=pl&amp;amp;u=http://www.nac.gov.pl/caf&amp;amp;prev=search"&gt;http://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&amp;amp;sl=pl&amp;amp;u=http://www.nac.gov.pl/caf&amp;amp;prev=search&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Nitschke, B. (December 2012). Działalność towarzystwa łączności z Polonią zagraniczną „Polonia” wobec polskiej emigracji w latach 1955-1970. &lt;em&gt;Annales UMCS, Sectio K (Politologia),&lt;/em&gt; &lt;em&gt;19&lt;/em&gt;(1): 159–185. DOI: 10.2478/v10226-012-0007-9.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Taras, R. (1984). &lt;em&gt;Ideology in a socialist state.&lt;/em&gt; Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.&lt;/p&gt;</text>
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                <text>Naszemu przemysłowi motoryzacyjnemu trudno jeszcze konkurować z patentami w tej dziedzinie, ale i tu widać stały postęp w postaci nowych typów samochodów. Do najbardziej udanych należy terenowy "Star" 660 M 1 produkcji zakładów w Siarachowicach. Przeznaczony jest do pracy w najtrudniejszym terenie, napęd na 3 osie, w przednim zderzaku umieszczona jest mechaniczna wciągarka o uciągu ok. 6.000 kg., dopuszczalne obciążenie 4 tony, szybkość na szosie 75 km/godz. /

Na zdjęciu: "Star" 660 M 1.</text>
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                <text>Our automotive industry is still difficult to compete with the patents in this area, but here you can see steady progress in the form of new types of cars. To be most successful off-road "Star" 660 M 1 production plants in Siarachowicach. It is designed to work in the toughest terrain, drive on 3 axles, the front bumper is positioned mechanical winch with a pull of 6000 kg., Maximum load of 4 tons, at highway speed of 75 km / h. / 

In the photo: "Star" 660 M 1.</text>
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                  <text>&lt;p&gt;The Towarzystwo Łączności z Polonią Zagraniczną "Polonia” Collection is an assortment of photographs created by the Ministry of Internal Affairs in communist Poland sent to the United States’ “Polonia,” or, areas or countries with a significant community of Poles outside of Poland. These photographs, most likely sent out in series, date from the 1960s to the early 1970s.  The University at Buffalo’s collection is made up of 32 folders containing 461 photographs that pertain to an assortment of topics highlighting Poland’s cultural, historical, technological and industrial advances, especially during the period of communist rule. The University at Buffalo Libraries have digitized these photographs and have attempted to maintain the original order of the series.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;This collection of propaganda photographs portrays selections of Polish culture, meant to show the country in the most advantageous fashion. Series in the collection include photographs of famous professors, actors, and musicians. There are also series featuring important industrial, historical and educational institutions, including bustling, modern cities and relaxing vacation destinations, according to the Polish Ministry of Internal Affairs.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;This collection was created by the &lt;em&gt;Towarzystwo Łączności z Polonią Zagraniczną "Polonia,”&lt;/em&gt; which translates to the &lt;em&gt;Society for Foreign Liaison with Poles, “Polonia.”&lt;/em&gt; This group wanted to establish a relationship between Polish people at home and abroad. The Towarzystwo Łączności z Polonią Zagraniczną "Polonia” and the Ministry of Internal Affairs in communist Poland aimed to give a broad and positive overview of life in Poland for those who emigrated and those with Polish heritage.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The photographs themselves were taken by the &lt;em&gt;Centralna Agencja Fotograficzna&lt;/em&gt; which translates to the &lt;em&gt;Central Photographic Agency&lt;/em&gt;. This agency operated from 1951 to 1991 and released millions of photographs.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Historians have noted that during this time in Poland, there was a “propaganda of success.” This meant “[m]edia reporting bloated domestic economic results and political accomplishments and glowingly described the party leader’s close contacts with foreign heads of state. Never had Poland’s stature in the international community been so great, propaganda repeated” (Taras, 1984, p. 145). This tone of flawless accomplishment appears to have bled into this collection. Many of the photograph descriptions boast Poland’s accomplishments while ignoring serious economic, cultural and societal problems.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p&gt;Works Cited&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Narodowe Archiwum Cyfrowe. (2015). &lt;em&gt;Centralna Agencja Fotograficzna.&lt;/em&gt; Retrieved from &lt;a href="http://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&amp;amp;sl=pl&amp;amp;u=http://www.nac.gov.pl/caf&amp;amp;prev=search"&gt;http://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&amp;amp;sl=pl&amp;amp;u=http://www.nac.gov.pl/caf&amp;amp;prev=search&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Nitschke, B. (December 2012). Działalność towarzystwa łączności z Polonią zagraniczną „Polonia” wobec polskiej emigracji w latach 1955-1970. &lt;em&gt;Annales UMCS, Sectio K (Politologia),&lt;/em&gt; &lt;em&gt;19&lt;/em&gt;(1): 159–185. DOI: 10.2478/v10226-012-0007-9.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Taras, R. (1984). &lt;em&gt;Ideology in a socialist state.&lt;/em&gt; Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.&lt;/p&gt;</text>
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                <text>Aparatura laboratoryjna i precyzyjna wzbudziła na tegorocznych targach poznańskich szczególne zainteresowanie fachowców. Zestaw jej był bogaty i na wysokim poziomie. Dotyczyło to szczególnie szeregu rewelacji technicznych wystawionych przez Zakład Doświadczalny Aparatury Naukowej Polskiej Akademii Nauk.

Na zdjęciu: jeden ze szlagierów: mikrofalowy miernik wilgotności. Bezbłędnie
i precyzyjnie określa zawartość wody w ciałach stałych i sypkich.</text>
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                <text>Laboratory apparatus and precise raised at this year's special interest Poznań professionals. Set it was rich and at a high level. This applies especially to a number of technical revelations issued by the Experimental Scientific Instrumentation Polish Academy of Sciences. 

Pictured: one of the hits: microwave moisture meter. faultlessly 
and precisely determines the moisture content in solids and solids.</text>
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                <text> Machinery industry -- Poland </text>
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                <text> Moisture meters, Microwave -- Poland</text>
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                  <text>&lt;p&gt;The Towarzystwo Łączności z Polonią Zagraniczną "Polonia” Collection is an assortment of photographs created by the Ministry of Internal Affairs in communist Poland sent to the United States’ “Polonia,” or, areas or countries with a significant community of Poles outside of Poland. These photographs, most likely sent out in series, date from the 1960s to the early 1970s.  The University at Buffalo’s collection is made up of 32 folders containing 461 photographs that pertain to an assortment of topics highlighting Poland’s cultural, historical, technological and industrial advances, especially during the period of communist rule. The University at Buffalo Libraries have digitized these photographs and have attempted to maintain the original order of the series.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;This collection of propaganda photographs portrays selections of Polish culture, meant to show the country in the most advantageous fashion. Series in the collection include photographs of famous professors, actors, and musicians. There are also series featuring important industrial, historical and educational institutions, including bustling, modern cities and relaxing vacation destinations, according to the Polish Ministry of Internal Affairs.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;This collection was created by the &lt;em&gt;Towarzystwo Łączności z Polonią Zagraniczną "Polonia,”&lt;/em&gt; which translates to the &lt;em&gt;Society for Foreign Liaison with Poles, “Polonia.”&lt;/em&gt; This group wanted to establish a relationship between Polish people at home and abroad. The Towarzystwo Łączności z Polonią Zagraniczną "Polonia” and the Ministry of Internal Affairs in communist Poland aimed to give a broad and positive overview of life in Poland for those who emigrated and those with Polish heritage.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The photographs themselves were taken by the &lt;em&gt;Centralna Agencja Fotograficzna&lt;/em&gt; which translates to the &lt;em&gt;Central Photographic Agency&lt;/em&gt;. This agency operated from 1951 to 1991 and released millions of photographs.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Historians have noted that during this time in Poland, there was a “propaganda of success.” This meant “[m]edia reporting bloated domestic economic results and political accomplishments and glowingly described the party leader’s close contacts with foreign heads of state. Never had Poland’s stature in the international community been so great, propaganda repeated” (Taras, 1984, p. 145). This tone of flawless accomplishment appears to have bled into this collection. Many of the photograph descriptions boast Poland’s accomplishments while ignoring serious economic, cultural and societal problems.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p&gt;Works Cited&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Narodowe Archiwum Cyfrowe. (2015). &lt;em&gt;Centralna Agencja Fotograficzna.&lt;/em&gt; Retrieved from &lt;a href="http://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&amp;amp;sl=pl&amp;amp;u=http://www.nac.gov.pl/caf&amp;amp;prev=search"&gt;http://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&amp;amp;sl=pl&amp;amp;u=http://www.nac.gov.pl/caf&amp;amp;prev=search&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Nitschke, B. (December 2012). Działalność towarzystwa łączności z Polonią zagraniczną „Polonia” wobec polskiej emigracji w latach 1955-1970. &lt;em&gt;Annales UMCS, Sectio K (Politologia),&lt;/em&gt; &lt;em&gt;19&lt;/em&gt;(1): 159–185. DOI: 10.2478/v10226-012-0007-9.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Taras, R. (1984). &lt;em&gt;Ideology in a socialist state.&lt;/em&gt; Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.&lt;/p&gt;</text>
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                <text>Bardzo szybko rozwija się nasz przemysł budow maszyn wlókienniczych.
Obecnie eksportujemy już około 45 proc. jego produkcji. Polskie maszyny pracują w 40 krajach europejskich i zamorskich.

Na zdjęciu: wszystkie wystawione na targach maszyny wlókiennicze są najnowocześniejszej konstrukcji.</text>
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                <text>Very quickly our industry is growing textile machinery construction. 
Currently we are exporting about 45 percent longer. its production. Polish machines operate in 40 European countries and overseas. 

Pictured: all exhibited at the fair Textile machines are the most modern design.</text>
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                  <text>&lt;p&gt;The Towarzystwo Łączności z Polonią Zagraniczną "Polonia” Collection is an assortment of photographs created by the Ministry of Internal Affairs in communist Poland sent to the United States’ “Polonia,” or, areas or countries with a significant community of Poles outside of Poland. These photographs, most likely sent out in series, date from the 1960s to the early 1970s.  The University at Buffalo’s collection is made up of 32 folders containing 461 photographs that pertain to an assortment of topics highlighting Poland’s cultural, historical, technological and industrial advances, especially during the period of communist rule. The University at Buffalo Libraries have digitized these photographs and have attempted to maintain the original order of the series.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;This collection of propaganda photographs portrays selections of Polish culture, meant to show the country in the most advantageous fashion. Series in the collection include photographs of famous professors, actors, and musicians. There are also series featuring important industrial, historical and educational institutions, including bustling, modern cities and relaxing vacation destinations, according to the Polish Ministry of Internal Affairs.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;This collection was created by the &lt;em&gt;Towarzystwo Łączności z Polonią Zagraniczną "Polonia,”&lt;/em&gt; which translates to the &lt;em&gt;Society for Foreign Liaison with Poles, “Polonia.”&lt;/em&gt; This group wanted to establish a relationship between Polish people at home and abroad. The Towarzystwo Łączności z Polonią Zagraniczną "Polonia” and the Ministry of Internal Affairs in communist Poland aimed to give a broad and positive overview of life in Poland for those who emigrated and those with Polish heritage.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The photographs themselves were taken by the &lt;em&gt;Centralna Agencja Fotograficzna&lt;/em&gt; which translates to the &lt;em&gt;Central Photographic Agency&lt;/em&gt;. This agency operated from 1951 to 1991 and released millions of photographs.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Historians have noted that during this time in Poland, there was a “propaganda of success.” This meant “[m]edia reporting bloated domestic economic results and political accomplishments and glowingly described the party leader’s close contacts with foreign heads of state. Never had Poland’s stature in the international community been so great, propaganda repeated” (Taras, 1984, p. 145). This tone of flawless accomplishment appears to have bled into this collection. Many of the photograph descriptions boast Poland’s accomplishments while ignoring serious economic, cultural and societal problems.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p&gt;Works Cited&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Narodowe Archiwum Cyfrowe. (2015). &lt;em&gt;Centralna Agencja Fotograficzna.&lt;/em&gt; Retrieved from &lt;a href="http://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&amp;amp;sl=pl&amp;amp;u=http://www.nac.gov.pl/caf&amp;amp;prev=search"&gt;http://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&amp;amp;sl=pl&amp;amp;u=http://www.nac.gov.pl/caf&amp;amp;prev=search&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Nitschke, B. (December 2012). Działalność towarzystwa łączności z Polonią zagraniczną „Polonia” wobec polskiej emigracji w latach 1955-1970. &lt;em&gt;Annales UMCS, Sectio K (Politologia),&lt;/em&gt; &lt;em&gt;19&lt;/em&gt;(1): 159–185. DOI: 10.2478/v10226-012-0007-9.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Taras, R. (1984). &lt;em&gt;Ideology in a socialist state.&lt;/em&gt; Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.&lt;/p&gt;</text>
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                <text>Na tegorocznych MTP została zaoferowana zagranicznym nabywcom polska automatyka przemysłowa, znana także z produkcji maszyn cyfrowych.

Na zdjęciu: pulpit sterowniczy bloku energetycznego 125 MW z wmontowanym
ekranem telewizyjnym. Producent - Zakłady Automatyki Przemysłowej w Ostrowcu Wielkopolskim.</text>
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                <text>At this year's MTP has been offered to foreign buyers Polish industrial automation, also known from the production of digital machines. 

Pictured: control panel 125 MW power unit with integrated 
TV screen. Manufacturer - Betting Industrial Automation in Ostrow Wielkopolski to.</text>
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                  <text>&lt;p&gt;The Towarzystwo Łączności z Polonią Zagraniczną "Polonia” Collection is an assortment of photographs created by the Ministry of Internal Affairs in communist Poland sent to the United States’ “Polonia,” or, areas or countries with a significant community of Poles outside of Poland. These photographs, most likely sent out in series, date from the 1960s to the early 1970s.  The University at Buffalo’s collection is made up of 32 folders containing 461 photographs that pertain to an assortment of topics highlighting Poland’s cultural, historical, technological and industrial advances, especially during the period of communist rule. The University at Buffalo Libraries have digitized these photographs and have attempted to maintain the original order of the series.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;This collection of propaganda photographs portrays selections of Polish culture, meant to show the country in the most advantageous fashion. Series in the collection include photographs of famous professors, actors, and musicians. There are also series featuring important industrial, historical and educational institutions, including bustling, modern cities and relaxing vacation destinations, according to the Polish Ministry of Internal Affairs.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;This collection was created by the &lt;em&gt;Towarzystwo Łączności z Polonią Zagraniczną "Polonia,”&lt;/em&gt; which translates to the &lt;em&gt;Society for Foreign Liaison with Poles, “Polonia.”&lt;/em&gt; This group wanted to establish a relationship between Polish people at home and abroad. The Towarzystwo Łączności z Polonią Zagraniczną "Polonia” and the Ministry of Internal Affairs in communist Poland aimed to give a broad and positive overview of life in Poland for those who emigrated and those with Polish heritage.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The photographs themselves were taken by the &lt;em&gt;Centralna Agencja Fotograficzna&lt;/em&gt; which translates to the &lt;em&gt;Central Photographic Agency&lt;/em&gt;. This agency operated from 1951 to 1991 and released millions of photographs.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Historians have noted that during this time in Poland, there was a “propaganda of success.” This meant “[m]edia reporting bloated domestic economic results and political accomplishments and glowingly described the party leader’s close contacts with foreign heads of state. Never had Poland’s stature in the international community been so great, propaganda repeated” (Taras, 1984, p. 145). This tone of flawless accomplishment appears to have bled into this collection. Many of the photograph descriptions boast Poland’s accomplishments while ignoring serious economic, cultural and societal problems.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p&gt;Works Cited&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Narodowe Archiwum Cyfrowe. (2015). &lt;em&gt;Centralna Agencja Fotograficzna.&lt;/em&gt; Retrieved from &lt;a href="http://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&amp;amp;sl=pl&amp;amp;u=http://www.nac.gov.pl/caf&amp;amp;prev=search"&gt;http://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&amp;amp;sl=pl&amp;amp;u=http://www.nac.gov.pl/caf&amp;amp;prev=search&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Nitschke, B. (December 2012). Działalność towarzystwa łączności z Polonią zagraniczną „Polonia” wobec polskiej emigracji w latach 1955-1970. &lt;em&gt;Annales UMCS, Sectio K (Politologia),&lt;/em&gt; &lt;em&gt;19&lt;/em&gt;(1): 159–185. DOI: 10.2478/v10226-012-0007-9.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Taras, R. (1984). &lt;em&gt;Ideology in a socialist state.&lt;/em&gt; Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.&lt;/p&gt;</text>
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                <text>Dla przemysłu spożywczego Polska wytwarza nie tylko różne maszyny i urządzenia, ale i całe linie technologiczne oraz kompletne obiekty (np. fabryki drożdży piekarniczych, fermentownie tytoniu, linie produkcyjne do rozlewania płynów, zamykania i etykietowania butelek).

Na zdjęciu: fragment ekspozycji maszyn dla przemystu spożywczego.</text>
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                <text>For the Polish food industry produces not only various machinery and equipment, but the whole production lines and complete objects (such as baker's yeast factory, fermentation of tobacco production lines for bottling liquids, closing and labeling bottles). 

In the photo: a fragment of industry exposure machines for the food.</text>
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                <text> Poznań International Fair </text>
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                  <text>&lt;p&gt;The Towarzystwo Łączności z Polonią Zagraniczną "Polonia” Collection is an assortment of photographs created by the Ministry of Internal Affairs in communist Poland sent to the United States’ “Polonia,” or, areas or countries with a significant community of Poles outside of Poland. These photographs, most likely sent out in series, date from the 1960s to the early 1970s.  The University at Buffalo’s collection is made up of 32 folders containing 461 photographs that pertain to an assortment of topics highlighting Poland’s cultural, historical, technological and industrial advances, especially during the period of communist rule. The University at Buffalo Libraries have digitized these photographs and have attempted to maintain the original order of the series.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;This collection of propaganda photographs portrays selections of Polish culture, meant to show the country in the most advantageous fashion. Series in the collection include photographs of famous professors, actors, and musicians. There are also series featuring important industrial, historical and educational institutions, including bustling, modern cities and relaxing vacation destinations, according to the Polish Ministry of Internal Affairs.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;This collection was created by the &lt;em&gt;Towarzystwo Łączności z Polonią Zagraniczną "Polonia,”&lt;/em&gt; which translates to the &lt;em&gt;Society for Foreign Liaison with Poles, “Polonia.”&lt;/em&gt; This group wanted to establish a relationship between Polish people at home and abroad. The Towarzystwo Łączności z Polonią Zagraniczną "Polonia” and the Ministry of Internal Affairs in communist Poland aimed to give a broad and positive overview of life in Poland for those who emigrated and those with Polish heritage.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The photographs themselves were taken by the &lt;em&gt;Centralna Agencja Fotograficzna&lt;/em&gt; which translates to the &lt;em&gt;Central Photographic Agency&lt;/em&gt;. This agency operated from 1951 to 1991 and released millions of photographs.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Historians have noted that during this time in Poland, there was a “propaganda of success.” This meant “[m]edia reporting bloated domestic economic results and political accomplishments and glowingly described the party leader’s close contacts with foreign heads of state. Never had Poland’s stature in the international community been so great, propaganda repeated” (Taras, 1984, p. 145). This tone of flawless accomplishment appears to have bled into this collection. Many of the photograph descriptions boast Poland’s accomplishments while ignoring serious economic, cultural and societal problems.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p&gt;Works Cited&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Narodowe Archiwum Cyfrowe. (2015). &lt;em&gt;Centralna Agencja Fotograficzna.&lt;/em&gt; Retrieved from &lt;a href="http://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&amp;amp;sl=pl&amp;amp;u=http://www.nac.gov.pl/caf&amp;amp;prev=search"&gt;http://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&amp;amp;sl=pl&amp;amp;u=http://www.nac.gov.pl/caf&amp;amp;prev=search&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Nitschke, B. (December 2012). Działalność towarzystwa łączności z Polonią zagraniczną „Polonia” wobec polskiej emigracji w latach 1955-1970. &lt;em&gt;Annales UMCS, Sectio K (Politologia),&lt;/em&gt; &lt;em&gt;19&lt;/em&gt;(1): 159–185. DOI: 10.2478/v10226-012-0007-9.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Taras, R. (1984). &lt;em&gt;Ideology in a socialist state.&lt;/em&gt; Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.&lt;/p&gt;</text>
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                <text>Naszym tradycyjnym artykułem eksportowym stały się gotowe obiekty przemysłowe. Ich sprzedażą zajmują się trzy centrale: Cekop, Polimex i Centrozap. Sam tylko Cekop na przestrzeni 10 lat dostarczył odbiorcom zagranicznym 300 kompletnych obiektów wartości ponad 500.000.000 dolarów. Eksportujemy cukrownie, kopalnie, zakłady przemysłu spożywczego i budowlanego, stocznie, fabryki chemiczne, papiernicze, elektrownie.

Na zdjęciu: makieta dużej, nowoczesnej elektrowni.</text>
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                <text>Our traditional export item become ready industrial facilities. Their sales deal with three panels: Cekop, Polimex and Centrozap. Over 10 years, just Cekop has provided to foreign customers 300 complete value of over $ 500,000,000. We export sugar factories, mines, food factories and construction, shipyards, chemical plants, paper, power plants. 

Pictured: a model of a large, modern power plants.</text>
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            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
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                <text> Poznań International Fair</text>
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                <text> Power-plants -- Design and construction -- Poland </text>
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                <text>&lt;a href="https://rightsstatements.org/page/NoC-US/1.0/"&gt;NO COPYRIGHT – UNITED STATES&lt;/a&gt;. The organization that has made the Item available believes that the Item is in the Public Domain under the laws of the United States, but a determination was not made as to its copyright status under the copyright laws of other countries. The Item may not be in the Public Domain under the laws of other countries. Please refer to the organization that has made the Item available for more information.</text>
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                  <text>&lt;p&gt;The Towarzystwo Łączności z Polonią Zagraniczną "Polonia” Collection is an assortment of photographs created by the Ministry of Internal Affairs in communist Poland sent to the United States’ “Polonia,” or, areas or countries with a significant community of Poles outside of Poland. These photographs, most likely sent out in series, date from the 1960s to the early 1970s.  The University at Buffalo’s collection is made up of 32 folders containing 461 photographs that pertain to an assortment of topics highlighting Poland’s cultural, historical, technological and industrial advances, especially during the period of communist rule. The University at Buffalo Libraries have digitized these photographs and have attempted to maintain the original order of the series.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;This collection of propaganda photographs portrays selections of Polish culture, meant to show the country in the most advantageous fashion. Series in the collection include photographs of famous professors, actors, and musicians. There are also series featuring important industrial, historical and educational institutions, including bustling, modern cities and relaxing vacation destinations, according to the Polish Ministry of Internal Affairs.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;This collection was created by the &lt;em&gt;Towarzystwo Łączności z Polonią Zagraniczną "Polonia,”&lt;/em&gt; which translates to the &lt;em&gt;Society for Foreign Liaison with Poles, “Polonia.”&lt;/em&gt; This group wanted to establish a relationship between Polish people at home and abroad. The Towarzystwo Łączności z Polonią Zagraniczną "Polonia” and the Ministry of Internal Affairs in communist Poland aimed to give a broad and positive overview of life in Poland for those who emigrated and those with Polish heritage.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The photographs themselves were taken by the &lt;em&gt;Centralna Agencja Fotograficzna&lt;/em&gt; which translates to the &lt;em&gt;Central Photographic Agency&lt;/em&gt;. This agency operated from 1951 to 1991 and released millions of photographs.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Historians have noted that during this time in Poland, there was a “propaganda of success.” This meant “[m]edia reporting bloated domestic economic results and political accomplishments and glowingly described the party leader’s close contacts with foreign heads of state. Never had Poland’s stature in the international community been so great, propaganda repeated” (Taras, 1984, p. 145). This tone of flawless accomplishment appears to have bled into this collection. Many of the photograph descriptions boast Poland’s accomplishments while ignoring serious economic, cultural and societal problems.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p&gt;Works Cited&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Narodowe Archiwum Cyfrowe. (2015). &lt;em&gt;Centralna Agencja Fotograficzna.&lt;/em&gt; Retrieved from &lt;a href="http://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&amp;amp;sl=pl&amp;amp;u=http://www.nac.gov.pl/caf&amp;amp;prev=search"&gt;http://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&amp;amp;sl=pl&amp;amp;u=http://www.nac.gov.pl/caf&amp;amp;prev=search&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Nitschke, B. (December 2012). Działalność towarzystwa łączności z Polonią zagraniczną „Polonia” wobec polskiej emigracji w latach 1955-1970. &lt;em&gt;Annales UMCS, Sectio K (Politologia),&lt;/em&gt; &lt;em&gt;19&lt;/em&gt;(1): 159–185. DOI: 10.2478/v10226-012-0007-9.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Taras, R. (1984). &lt;em&gt;Ideology in a socialist state.&lt;/em&gt; Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.&lt;/p&gt;</text>
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                <text>Industrial Products of Poland, no. 3</text>
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                <text>1965</text>
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                <text>Przemysł obrabiarkowy pokazał na MTP aż 57 różnych obrabiarek do metalu, większość produkcji tak znanych firm, jak "Rafamet", "H. Cegielski", "Poręba", "Wipofama" Warto przy tym pamiętać, że polskie obrabiarki pracują już prawie we wszystkich krajach na świecie, a Targi w Poznaniu stanowią prawdziwy salon nowości w tej dziedzinie. 

Na zdjęciu: jeden z obrabiarkowych "rodzynków" -  frezarka konsolowa, pionowa
typ FYA 40 A ze sterowaniem programowym, ciągłym</text>
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                <text> producent - Zaklady 1 Maja w Pruszkowie. Niektóre dane: przesuw stołu podłużny - 960 mm, przesuw poprzeczny - 280 mm, największa prędkość przesuwu - 1000 mm/min., największe dopuszczalne obciążenie - 4000 kg, 21 prędkości obrotów wrzeciona.</text>
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                <text>The machine tool industry showed up on MTP 57 different machine tools for metal, most of the production of such famous companies as "Rafamet", "H. Cegielski", "Poreba", "Wipofama" It is worth remembering that the Polish machines are already operating in almost all countries the world, and shows in Poznan are a true living novelties in this field. 

Pictured: one of the machine tool "Raisin" - console milling, vertical 
Type FYA 40 A software-controlled, continuous</text>
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                <text> manufacturer - Betting 1st May in Pruszkow. Some data: longitudinal table travel - 960 mm, cross travel - 280 mm, the largest travel speed - 1000 mm / min., The largest permissible load - 4000 kg, 21 spindle speeds.</text>
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                  <text>&lt;p&gt;The Towarzystwo Łączności z Polonią Zagraniczną "Polonia” Collection is an assortment of photographs created by the Ministry of Internal Affairs in communist Poland sent to the United States’ “Polonia,” or, areas or countries with a significant community of Poles outside of Poland. These photographs, most likely sent out in series, date from the 1960s to the early 1970s.  The University at Buffalo’s collection is made up of 32 folders containing 461 photographs that pertain to an assortment of topics highlighting Poland’s cultural, historical, technological and industrial advances, especially during the period of communist rule. The University at Buffalo Libraries have digitized these photographs and have attempted to maintain the original order of the series.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;This collection of propaganda photographs portrays selections of Polish culture, meant to show the country in the most advantageous fashion. Series in the collection include photographs of famous professors, actors, and musicians. There are also series featuring important industrial, historical and educational institutions, including bustling, modern cities and relaxing vacation destinations, according to the Polish Ministry of Internal Affairs.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;This collection was created by the &lt;em&gt;Towarzystwo Łączności z Polonią Zagraniczną "Polonia,”&lt;/em&gt; which translates to the &lt;em&gt;Society for Foreign Liaison with Poles, “Polonia.”&lt;/em&gt; This group wanted to establish a relationship between Polish people at home and abroad. The Towarzystwo Łączności z Polonią Zagraniczną "Polonia” and the Ministry of Internal Affairs in communist Poland aimed to give a broad and positive overview of life in Poland for those who emigrated and those with Polish heritage.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The photographs themselves were taken by the &lt;em&gt;Centralna Agencja Fotograficzna&lt;/em&gt; which translates to the &lt;em&gt;Central Photographic Agency&lt;/em&gt;. This agency operated from 1951 to 1991 and released millions of photographs.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Historians have noted that during this time in Poland, there was a “propaganda of success.” This meant “[m]edia reporting bloated domestic economic results and political accomplishments and glowingly described the party leader’s close contacts with foreign heads of state. Never had Poland’s stature in the international community been so great, propaganda repeated” (Taras, 1984, p. 145). This tone of flawless accomplishment appears to have bled into this collection. Many of the photograph descriptions boast Poland’s accomplishments while ignoring serious economic, cultural and societal problems.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p&gt;Works Cited&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Narodowe Archiwum Cyfrowe. (2015). &lt;em&gt;Centralna Agencja Fotograficzna.&lt;/em&gt; Retrieved from &lt;a href="http://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&amp;amp;sl=pl&amp;amp;u=http://www.nac.gov.pl/caf&amp;amp;prev=search"&gt;http://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&amp;amp;sl=pl&amp;amp;u=http://www.nac.gov.pl/caf&amp;amp;prev=search&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Nitschke, B. (December 2012). Działalność towarzystwa łączności z Polonią zagraniczną „Polonia” wobec polskiej emigracji w latach 1955-1970. &lt;em&gt;Annales UMCS, Sectio K (Politologia),&lt;/em&gt; &lt;em&gt;19&lt;/em&gt;(1): 159–185. DOI: 10.2478/v10226-012-0007-9.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Taras, R. (1984). &lt;em&gt;Ideology in a socialist state.&lt;/em&gt; Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.&lt;/p&gt;</text>
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                <text>Industrial Products of Poland, no. 2</text>
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                <text>CAF/1965</text>
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                <text>Podobnie jak co roku i tym razem czołowym wystawcą na XXXIV MTP był nasz przemysł ciężki, który prezentował swoje coraz większe możliwości produkcyjne i eksportowe. Z 1800 różnych wyrobów, urządzeń i maszyn 40 proc. stanowiły nowości wystawiane po raz pierwszy.

Na zdjęciu: fragment hali przemysłu ciężkiego.</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="467937">
                <text>Like every year,  the leading exhibitor at the XXXIV MTP was our heavy industry, which presented its increasing production capacity and export. With 1,800 different products, equipment and machinery, 40 percent of novelties were exhibited for the first time.

 In the photo: a fragment of the heavy industry hall.</text>
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            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
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                <text>Machinery industry -- Poland </text>
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                <text> Poznań International Fair</text>
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            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="1941231">
                <text>&lt;a href="https://rightsstatements.org/page/NoC-US/1.0/"&gt;NO COPYRIGHT – UNITED STATES&lt;/a&gt;. The organization that has made the Item available believes that the Item is in the Public Domain under the laws of the United States, but a determination was not made as to its copyright status under the copyright laws of other countries. The Item may not be in the Public Domain under the laws of other countries. Please refer to the organization that has made the Item available for more information.</text>
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                  <text>&lt;p&gt;The Towarzystwo Łączności z Polonią Zagraniczną "Polonia” Collection is an assortment of photographs created by the Ministry of Internal Affairs in communist Poland sent to the United States’ “Polonia,” or, areas or countries with a significant community of Poles outside of Poland. These photographs, most likely sent out in series, date from the 1960s to the early 1970s.  The University at Buffalo’s collection is made up of 32 folders containing 461 photographs that pertain to an assortment of topics highlighting Poland’s cultural, historical, technological and industrial advances, especially during the period of communist rule. The University at Buffalo Libraries have digitized these photographs and have attempted to maintain the original order of the series.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;This collection of propaganda photographs portrays selections of Polish culture, meant to show the country in the most advantageous fashion. Series in the collection include photographs of famous professors, actors, and musicians. There are also series featuring important industrial, historical and educational institutions, including bustling, modern cities and relaxing vacation destinations, according to the Polish Ministry of Internal Affairs.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;This collection was created by the &lt;em&gt;Towarzystwo Łączności z Polonią Zagraniczną "Polonia,”&lt;/em&gt; which translates to the &lt;em&gt;Society for Foreign Liaison with Poles, “Polonia.”&lt;/em&gt; This group wanted to establish a relationship between Polish people at home and abroad. The Towarzystwo Łączności z Polonią Zagraniczną "Polonia” and the Ministry of Internal Affairs in communist Poland aimed to give a broad and positive overview of life in Poland for those who emigrated and those with Polish heritage.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The photographs themselves were taken by the &lt;em&gt;Centralna Agencja Fotograficzna&lt;/em&gt; which translates to the &lt;em&gt;Central Photographic Agency&lt;/em&gt;. This agency operated from 1951 to 1991 and released millions of photographs.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Historians have noted that during this time in Poland, there was a “propaganda of success.” This meant “[m]edia reporting bloated domestic economic results and political accomplishments and glowingly described the party leader’s close contacts with foreign heads of state. Never had Poland’s stature in the international community been so great, propaganda repeated” (Taras, 1984, p. 145). This tone of flawless accomplishment appears to have bled into this collection. Many of the photograph descriptions boast Poland’s accomplishments while ignoring serious economic, cultural and societal problems.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p&gt;Works Cited&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Narodowe Archiwum Cyfrowe. (2015). &lt;em&gt;Centralna Agencja Fotograficzna.&lt;/em&gt; Retrieved from &lt;a href="http://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&amp;amp;sl=pl&amp;amp;u=http://www.nac.gov.pl/caf&amp;amp;prev=search"&gt;http://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&amp;amp;sl=pl&amp;amp;u=http://www.nac.gov.pl/caf&amp;amp;prev=search&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Nitschke, B. (December 2012). Działalność towarzystwa łączności z Polonią zagraniczną „Polonia” wobec polskiej emigracji w latach 1955-1970. &lt;em&gt;Annales UMCS, Sectio K (Politologia),&lt;/em&gt; &lt;em&gt;19&lt;/em&gt;(1): 159–185. DOI: 10.2478/v10226-012-0007-9.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Taras, R. (1984). &lt;em&gt;Ideology in a socialist state.&lt;/em&gt; Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.&lt;/p&gt;</text>
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                <text>Industrial Products of Poland, no. 1</text>
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                <text>LIB-007_0224</text>
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                <text>LIB-007_0224a.jpg</text>
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                <text>Centralna Agencja Fotograficzna</text>
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                <text>1965</text>
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                <text>CAF/1965</text>
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                <text>Międzynarodowe Targi w Poznaniu organizowane są od 44 lat, ale historyczne ich tradycje sięgają XIII-XIV wieku. Jak głoszą zachowane z tamtego okresu dokumenty, przybywający do grodu Przemysława kupcy mieli szereg przywilei, zwalniani byli od cła. Zawierano transakcje na ogromne ilości skór futerkowych, tkanin lnianych, konopi, miodu, bydła. Pierwsze MTP odbyły się w r. 1925 z udzialem 11 krajów (eksponaty zajmowały powierzchnię 29.000 m² ). Ale naprawdę szeroki rozwój Targów nastąpił dopiero po wojnie. Poznan stał się bardzo ważnym punktem wymiany towarowej pomiędzy Wschodem a Zachodem. Np. w lym roku powierzchnia wystawowa zajmowała już 111.000 m² , a w Targach - uczestniczyło 60 państw z Europy, Afryki, Ameryki, Azji, Australii i Oceanii.

Na zdjęciu: ogromna plansza z listą krajów - uczestników.</text>
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                <text>Poznań International Fair is organized for 44 years, but their historical traditions date back to the thirteenth-fourteenth century. How to teach preserved documents from that period, coming to the city Przemyslaw traders have a number of przywilei, were released from duty. Transactions were concluded on huge amounts of fur, linen, hemp, honey, cattle. The first MTP took place in 1925 
with the participation of 11 countries (exhibits occupy an area of ​​29,000 sq ft). 
But really wide development Fair took place just after the war. 
Poznan has become a very important point of trade between 
East and West. For example, the area of ​​the LYM 
Exhibit already occupied 111,000 sq ft, and Fair - attended 
60 countries in Europe, Africa, America, Asia, Australia and Oceania. 

In the photo: a huge board with a list of countries - participants.</text>
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                <text>Poznań International Fair </text>
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                <text>Poznań</text>
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                <text>State University of New York at Buffalo. University Libraries</text>
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                <text>State University of New York at Buffalo. Polish Collection</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="1941232">
                <text>&lt;a href="https://rightsstatements.org/page/NoC-US/1.0/"&gt;NO COPYRIGHT – UNITED STATES&lt;/a&gt;. The organization that has made the Item available believes that the Item is in the Public Domain under the laws of the United States, but a determination was not made as to its copyright status under the copyright laws of other countries. The Item may not be in the Public Domain under the laws of other countries. Please refer to the organization that has made the Item available for more information.</text>
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                  <text>Towarzystwo Łączności z Polonią Zagraniczną "Polonia” Collection</text>
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                  <text>&lt;p&gt;The Towarzystwo Łączności z Polonią Zagraniczną "Polonia” Collection is an assortment of photographs created by the Ministry of Internal Affairs in communist Poland sent to the United States’ “Polonia,” or, areas or countries with a significant community of Poles outside of Poland. These photographs, most likely sent out in series, date from the 1960s to the early 1970s.  The University at Buffalo’s collection is made up of 32 folders containing 461 photographs that pertain to an assortment of topics highlighting Poland’s cultural, historical, technological and industrial advances, especially during the period of communist rule. The University at Buffalo Libraries have digitized these photographs and have attempted to maintain the original order of the series.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;This collection of propaganda photographs portrays selections of Polish culture, meant to show the country in the most advantageous fashion. Series in the collection include photographs of famous professors, actors, and musicians. There are also series featuring important industrial, historical and educational institutions, including bustling, modern cities and relaxing vacation destinations, according to the Polish Ministry of Internal Affairs.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;This collection was created by the &lt;em&gt;Towarzystwo Łączności z Polonią Zagraniczną "Polonia,”&lt;/em&gt; which translates to the &lt;em&gt;Society for Foreign Liaison with Poles, “Polonia.”&lt;/em&gt; This group wanted to establish a relationship between Polish people at home and abroad. The Towarzystwo Łączności z Polonią Zagraniczną "Polonia” and the Ministry of Internal Affairs in communist Poland aimed to give a broad and positive overview of life in Poland for those who emigrated and those with Polish heritage.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The photographs themselves were taken by the &lt;em&gt;Centralna Agencja Fotograficzna&lt;/em&gt; which translates to the &lt;em&gt;Central Photographic Agency&lt;/em&gt;. This agency operated from 1951 to 1991 and released millions of photographs.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Historians have noted that during this time in Poland, there was a “propaganda of success.” This meant “[m]edia reporting bloated domestic economic results and political accomplishments and glowingly described the party leader’s close contacts with foreign heads of state. Never had Poland’s stature in the international community been so great, propaganda repeated” (Taras, 1984, p. 145). This tone of flawless accomplishment appears to have bled into this collection. Many of the photograph descriptions boast Poland’s accomplishments while ignoring serious economic, cultural and societal problems.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p&gt;Works Cited&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Narodowe Archiwum Cyfrowe. (2015). &lt;em&gt;Centralna Agencja Fotograficzna.&lt;/em&gt; Retrieved from &lt;a href="http://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&amp;amp;sl=pl&amp;amp;u=http://www.nac.gov.pl/caf&amp;amp;prev=search"&gt;http://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&amp;amp;sl=pl&amp;amp;u=http://www.nac.gov.pl/caf&amp;amp;prev=search&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Nitschke, B. (December 2012). Działalność towarzystwa łączności z Polonią zagraniczną „Polonia” wobec polskiej emigracji w latach 1955-1970. &lt;em&gt;Annales UMCS, Sectio K (Politologia),&lt;/em&gt; &lt;em&gt;19&lt;/em&gt;(1): 159–185. DOI: 10.2478/v10226-012-0007-9.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Taras, R. (1984). &lt;em&gt;Ideology in a socialist state.&lt;/em&gt; Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.&lt;/p&gt;</text>
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                <text>LIB-007_0147</text>
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                <text>LIB-007_0147a.jpg</text>
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          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                <text>Polish History, [no. 11]</text>
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          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="467907">
                <text>Centralna Agencja Fotograficzna</text>
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            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="467909">
                <text>„Powróciła Polska na swą piastowską ojcowiznę powróciła do swych starych grodów Wrocławia, Opola, Szczecina, Olsztyna, objęła na zawsze w posiadanie swoje prastare posiadłości po Odrę, Nysę Łużycką i nad Bałtykiem"... (Z przemówienia Władysława Gomułki we Wrocławiu 7 maja 1960 r.)</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="467910">
                <text>"She returned to her Piast Polish patrimony returned to its old castles of Wroclaw, Opole, Szczecin, Olsztyn, took forever in possession of their ancient possessions in the Odra, Nysa, and the Baltic Sea" ... (From the speech of Wladyslaw Gomulka in Wroclaw May 7, 1960 r)</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="467911">
                <text>Maps -- Poland </text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="467912">
                <text> Gomułka, Władysław, 1905-1982 </text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="45">
            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="1934654">
                <text>State University of New York at Buffalo. University Libraries</text>
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            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
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            <description>The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource</description>
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                <text>image/jpeg</text>
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            <name>Language</name>
            <description>A language of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="1935536">
                <text>pol</text>
              </elementText>
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            <description>A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included.</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="1936417">
                <text>Towarzystwo Łączności z Polonią Zagraniczną "Polonia” Collection. LIB-007</text>
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            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="1936858">
                <text>State University of New York at Buffalo. Polish Collection</text>
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            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="1941233">
                <text>&lt;a href="https://rightsstatements.org/page/NoC-US/1.0/"&gt;NO COPYRIGHT – UNITED STATES&lt;/a&gt;. The organization that has made the Item available believes that the Item is in the Public Domain under the laws of the United States, but a determination was not made as to its copyright status under the copyright laws of other countries. The Item may not be in the Public Domain under the laws of other countries. Please refer to the organization that has made the Item available for more information.</text>
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                  <text>Towarzystwo Łączności z Polonią Zagraniczną "Polonia” Collection</text>
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                  <text>&lt;p&gt;The Towarzystwo Łączności z Polonią Zagraniczną "Polonia” Collection is an assortment of photographs created by the Ministry of Internal Affairs in communist Poland sent to the United States’ “Polonia,” or, areas or countries with a significant community of Poles outside of Poland. These photographs, most likely sent out in series, date from the 1960s to the early 1970s.  The University at Buffalo’s collection is made up of 32 folders containing 461 photographs that pertain to an assortment of topics highlighting Poland’s cultural, historical, technological and industrial advances, especially during the period of communist rule. The University at Buffalo Libraries have digitized these photographs and have attempted to maintain the original order of the series.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;This collection of propaganda photographs portrays selections of Polish culture, meant to show the country in the most advantageous fashion. Series in the collection include photographs of famous professors, actors, and musicians. There are also series featuring important industrial, historical and educational institutions, including bustling, modern cities and relaxing vacation destinations, according to the Polish Ministry of Internal Affairs.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;This collection was created by the &lt;em&gt;Towarzystwo Łączności z Polonią Zagraniczną "Polonia,”&lt;/em&gt; which translates to the &lt;em&gt;Society for Foreign Liaison with Poles, “Polonia.”&lt;/em&gt; This group wanted to establish a relationship between Polish people at home and abroad. The Towarzystwo Łączności z Polonią Zagraniczną "Polonia” and the Ministry of Internal Affairs in communist Poland aimed to give a broad and positive overview of life in Poland for those who emigrated and those with Polish heritage.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The photographs themselves were taken by the &lt;em&gt;Centralna Agencja Fotograficzna&lt;/em&gt; which translates to the &lt;em&gt;Central Photographic Agency&lt;/em&gt;. This agency operated from 1951 to 1991 and released millions of photographs.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Historians have noted that during this time in Poland, there was a “propaganda of success.” This meant “[m]edia reporting bloated domestic economic results and political accomplishments and glowingly described the party leader’s close contacts with foreign heads of state. Never had Poland’s stature in the international community been so great, propaganda repeated” (Taras, 1984, p. 145). This tone of flawless accomplishment appears to have bled into this collection. Many of the photograph descriptions boast Poland’s accomplishments while ignoring serious economic, cultural and societal problems.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p&gt;Works Cited&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Narodowe Archiwum Cyfrowe. (2015). &lt;em&gt;Centralna Agencja Fotograficzna.&lt;/em&gt; Retrieved from &lt;a href="http://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&amp;amp;sl=pl&amp;amp;u=http://www.nac.gov.pl/caf&amp;amp;prev=search"&gt;http://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&amp;amp;sl=pl&amp;amp;u=http://www.nac.gov.pl/caf&amp;amp;prev=search&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Nitschke, B. (December 2012). Działalność towarzystwa łączności z Polonią zagraniczną „Polonia” wobec polskiej emigracji w latach 1955-1970. &lt;em&gt;Annales UMCS, Sectio K (Politologia),&lt;/em&gt; &lt;em&gt;19&lt;/em&gt;(1): 159–185. DOI: 10.2478/v10226-012-0007-9.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Taras, R. (1984). &lt;em&gt;Ideology in a socialist state.&lt;/em&gt; Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.&lt;/p&gt;</text>
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                <text>Rok 1939. 17 września, w tragiczną „czarną niedzielę", od pocisków artyleryjskich hitlerowskiego najeźdźcy, Zamek stanął w płomieniach (na zdjęciu).</text>
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                  <text>&lt;p&gt;The Towarzystwo Łączności z Polonią Zagraniczną "Polonia” Collection is an assortment of photographs created by the Ministry of Internal Affairs in communist Poland sent to the United States’ “Polonia,” or, areas or countries with a significant community of Poles outside of Poland. These photographs, most likely sent out in series, date from the 1960s to the early 1970s.  The University at Buffalo’s collection is made up of 32 folders containing 461 photographs that pertain to an assortment of topics highlighting Poland’s cultural, historical, technological and industrial advances, especially during the period of communist rule. The University at Buffalo Libraries have digitized these photographs and have attempted to maintain the original order of the series.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;This collection of propaganda photographs portrays selections of Polish culture, meant to show the country in the most advantageous fashion. Series in the collection include photographs of famous professors, actors, and musicians. There are also series featuring important industrial, historical and educational institutions, including bustling, modern cities and relaxing vacation destinations, according to the Polish Ministry of Internal Affairs.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;This collection was created by the &lt;em&gt;Towarzystwo Łączności z Polonią Zagraniczną "Polonia,”&lt;/em&gt; which translates to the &lt;em&gt;Society for Foreign Liaison with Poles, “Polonia.”&lt;/em&gt; This group wanted to establish a relationship between Polish people at home and abroad. The Towarzystwo Łączności z Polonią Zagraniczną "Polonia” and the Ministry of Internal Affairs in communist Poland aimed to give a broad and positive overview of life in Poland for those who emigrated and those with Polish heritage.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The photographs themselves were taken by the &lt;em&gt;Centralna Agencja Fotograficzna&lt;/em&gt; which translates to the &lt;em&gt;Central Photographic Agency&lt;/em&gt;. This agency operated from 1951 to 1991 and released millions of photographs.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Historians have noted that during this time in Poland, there was a “propaganda of success.” This meant “[m]edia reporting bloated domestic economic results and political accomplishments and glowingly described the party leader’s close contacts with foreign heads of state. Never had Poland’s stature in the international community been so great, propaganda repeated” (Taras, 1984, p. 145). This tone of flawless accomplishment appears to have bled into this collection. Many of the photograph descriptions boast Poland’s accomplishments while ignoring serious economic, cultural and societal problems.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p&gt;Works Cited&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Narodowe Archiwum Cyfrowe. (2015). &lt;em&gt;Centralna Agencja Fotograficzna.&lt;/em&gt; Retrieved from &lt;a href="http://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&amp;amp;sl=pl&amp;amp;u=http://www.nac.gov.pl/caf&amp;amp;prev=search"&gt;http://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&amp;amp;sl=pl&amp;amp;u=http://www.nac.gov.pl/caf&amp;amp;prev=search&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Nitschke, B. (December 2012). Działalność towarzystwa łączności z Polonią zagraniczną „Polonia” wobec polskiej emigracji w latach 1955-1970. &lt;em&gt;Annales UMCS, Sectio K (Politologia),&lt;/em&gt; &lt;em&gt;19&lt;/em&gt;(1): 159–185. DOI: 10.2478/v10226-012-0007-9.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Taras, R. (1984). &lt;em&gt;Ideology in a socialist state.&lt;/em&gt; Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.&lt;/p&gt;</text>
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                <text>Polish History, no. 4</text>
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                <text>Tak wyglądał Gdańsk w dniu wyzwolenia - kamienna pustynia.</text>
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                <text>This was the Gdańsk on liberation - a stone desert.</text>
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                <text>Buildings -- War damage -- Poland -- Gdańsk</text>
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                <text>Gdańsk</text>
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                <text>&lt;a href="https://rightsstatements.org/page/NoC-US/1.0/"&gt;NO COPYRIGHT – UNITED STATES&lt;/a&gt;. The organization that has made the Item available believes that the Item is in the Public Domain under the laws of the United States, but a determination was not made as to its copyright status under the copyright laws of other countries. The Item may not be in the Public Domain under the laws of other countries. Please refer to the organization that has made the Item available for more information.</text>
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                  <text>&lt;p&gt;The Towarzystwo Łączności z Polonią Zagraniczną "Polonia” Collection is an assortment of photographs created by the Ministry of Internal Affairs in communist Poland sent to the United States’ “Polonia,” or, areas or countries with a significant community of Poles outside of Poland. These photographs, most likely sent out in series, date from the 1960s to the early 1970s.  The University at Buffalo’s collection is made up of 32 folders containing 461 photographs that pertain to an assortment of topics highlighting Poland’s cultural, historical, technological and industrial advances, especially during the period of communist rule. The University at Buffalo Libraries have digitized these photographs and have attempted to maintain the original order of the series.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;This collection of propaganda photographs portrays selections of Polish culture, meant to show the country in the most advantageous fashion. Series in the collection include photographs of famous professors, actors, and musicians. There are also series featuring important industrial, historical and educational institutions, including bustling, modern cities and relaxing vacation destinations, according to the Polish Ministry of Internal Affairs.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;This collection was created by the &lt;em&gt;Towarzystwo Łączności z Polonią Zagraniczną "Polonia,”&lt;/em&gt; which translates to the &lt;em&gt;Society for Foreign Liaison with Poles, “Polonia.”&lt;/em&gt; This group wanted to establish a relationship between Polish people at home and abroad. The Towarzystwo Łączności z Polonią Zagraniczną "Polonia” and the Ministry of Internal Affairs in communist Poland aimed to give a broad and positive overview of life in Poland for those who emigrated and those with Polish heritage.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The photographs themselves were taken by the &lt;em&gt;Centralna Agencja Fotograficzna&lt;/em&gt; which translates to the &lt;em&gt;Central Photographic Agency&lt;/em&gt;. This agency operated from 1951 to 1991 and released millions of photographs.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Historians have noted that during this time in Poland, there was a “propaganda of success.” This meant “[m]edia reporting bloated domestic economic results and political accomplishments and glowingly described the party leader’s close contacts with foreign heads of state. Never had Poland’s stature in the international community been so great, propaganda repeated” (Taras, 1984, p. 145). This tone of flawless accomplishment appears to have bled into this collection. Many of the photograph descriptions boast Poland’s accomplishments while ignoring serious economic, cultural and societal problems.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p&gt;Works Cited&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Narodowe Archiwum Cyfrowe. (2015). &lt;em&gt;Centralna Agencja Fotograficzna.&lt;/em&gt; Retrieved from &lt;a href="http://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&amp;amp;sl=pl&amp;amp;u=http://www.nac.gov.pl/caf&amp;amp;prev=search"&gt;http://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&amp;amp;sl=pl&amp;amp;u=http://www.nac.gov.pl/caf&amp;amp;prev=search&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Nitschke, B. (December 2012). Działalność towarzystwa łączności z Polonią zagraniczną „Polonia” wobec polskiej emigracji w latach 1955-1970. &lt;em&gt;Annales UMCS, Sectio K (Politologia),&lt;/em&gt; &lt;em&gt;19&lt;/em&gt;(1): 159–185. DOI: 10.2478/v10226-012-0007-9.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Taras, R. (1984). &lt;em&gt;Ideology in a socialist state.&lt;/em&gt; Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.&lt;/p&gt;</text>
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                <text>Polish History, [no. 9]</text>
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                <text>W latach międzywojennych Zamek był siedzibą głowy państwa Prezydenta, Rzeczypospolitej. Na zdj.: Zamek Królewski w latach dwudziestych.</text>
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                <text>Between the castle was the seat of the head of state of the President, Republic of Poland. In the photo: Royal Castle in the twenties.</text>
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                <text>Zamek Królewski (Warsaw, Poland) </text>
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                  <text>&lt;p&gt;The Towarzystwo Łączności z Polonią Zagraniczną "Polonia” Collection is an assortment of photographs created by the Ministry of Internal Affairs in communist Poland sent to the United States’ “Polonia,” or, areas or countries with a significant community of Poles outside of Poland. These photographs, most likely sent out in series, date from the 1960s to the early 1970s.  The University at Buffalo’s collection is made up of 32 folders containing 461 photographs that pertain to an assortment of topics highlighting Poland’s cultural, historical, technological and industrial advances, especially during the period of communist rule. The University at Buffalo Libraries have digitized these photographs and have attempted to maintain the original order of the series.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;This collection of propaganda photographs portrays selections of Polish culture, meant to show the country in the most advantageous fashion. Series in the collection include photographs of famous professors, actors, and musicians. There are also series featuring important industrial, historical and educational institutions, including bustling, modern cities and relaxing vacation destinations, according to the Polish Ministry of Internal Affairs.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;This collection was created by the &lt;em&gt;Towarzystwo Łączności z Polonią Zagraniczną "Polonia,”&lt;/em&gt; which translates to the &lt;em&gt;Society for Foreign Liaison with Poles, “Polonia.”&lt;/em&gt; This group wanted to establish a relationship between Polish people at home and abroad. The Towarzystwo Łączności z Polonią Zagraniczną "Polonia” and the Ministry of Internal Affairs in communist Poland aimed to give a broad and positive overview of life in Poland for those who emigrated and those with Polish heritage.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The photographs themselves were taken by the &lt;em&gt;Centralna Agencja Fotograficzna&lt;/em&gt; which translates to the &lt;em&gt;Central Photographic Agency&lt;/em&gt;. This agency operated from 1951 to 1991 and released millions of photographs.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Historians have noted that during this time in Poland, there was a “propaganda of success.” This meant “[m]edia reporting bloated domestic economic results and political accomplishments and glowingly described the party leader’s close contacts with foreign heads of state. Never had Poland’s stature in the international community been so great, propaganda repeated” (Taras, 1984, p. 145). This tone of flawless accomplishment appears to have bled into this collection. Many of the photograph descriptions boast Poland’s accomplishments while ignoring serious economic, cultural and societal problems.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p&gt;Works Cited&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Narodowe Archiwum Cyfrowe. (2015). &lt;em&gt;Centralna Agencja Fotograficzna.&lt;/em&gt; Retrieved from &lt;a href="http://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&amp;amp;sl=pl&amp;amp;u=http://www.nac.gov.pl/caf&amp;amp;prev=search"&gt;http://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&amp;amp;sl=pl&amp;amp;u=http://www.nac.gov.pl/caf&amp;amp;prev=search&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Nitschke, B. (December 2012). Działalność towarzystwa łączności z Polonią zagraniczną „Polonia” wobec polskiej emigracji w latach 1955-1970. &lt;em&gt;Annales UMCS, Sectio K (Politologia),&lt;/em&gt; &lt;em&gt;19&lt;/em&gt;(1): 159–185. DOI: 10.2478/v10226-012-0007-9.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Taras, R. (1984). &lt;em&gt;Ideology in a socialist state.&lt;/em&gt; Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.&lt;/p&gt;</text>
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                <text>Ozdobny blat stołu, wykonany z serwskiej porcelany, na której glazurze namalowane są przez Dodina (1777) sceny z Odysei. Stolik zachował się i po odbudowie Zamku stanie na starym miejscu w Pokoju Konferencyjnym.</text>
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                  <text>&lt;p&gt;The Towarzystwo Łączności z Polonią Zagraniczną "Polonia” Collection is an assortment of photographs created by the Ministry of Internal Affairs in communist Poland sent to the United States’ “Polonia,” or, areas or countries with a significant community of Poles outside of Poland. These photographs, most likely sent out in series, date from the 1960s to the early 1970s.  The University at Buffalo’s collection is made up of 32 folders containing 461 photographs that pertain to an assortment of topics highlighting Poland’s cultural, historical, technological and industrial advances, especially during the period of communist rule. The University at Buffalo Libraries have digitized these photographs and have attempted to maintain the original order of the series.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;This collection of propaganda photographs portrays selections of Polish culture, meant to show the country in the most advantageous fashion. Series in the collection include photographs of famous professors, actors, and musicians. There are also series featuring important industrial, historical and educational institutions, including bustling, modern cities and relaxing vacation destinations, according to the Polish Ministry of Internal Affairs.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;This collection was created by the &lt;em&gt;Towarzystwo Łączności z Polonią Zagraniczną "Polonia,”&lt;/em&gt; which translates to the &lt;em&gt;Society for Foreign Liaison with Poles, “Polonia.”&lt;/em&gt; This group wanted to establish a relationship between Polish people at home and abroad. The Towarzystwo Łączności z Polonią Zagraniczną "Polonia” and the Ministry of Internal Affairs in communist Poland aimed to give a broad and positive overview of life in Poland for those who emigrated and those with Polish heritage.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The photographs themselves were taken by the &lt;em&gt;Centralna Agencja Fotograficzna&lt;/em&gt; which translates to the &lt;em&gt;Central Photographic Agency&lt;/em&gt;. This agency operated from 1951 to 1991 and released millions of photographs.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Historians have noted that during this time in Poland, there was a “propaganda of success.” This meant “[m]edia reporting bloated domestic economic results and political accomplishments and glowingly described the party leader’s close contacts with foreign heads of state. Never had Poland’s stature in the international community been so great, propaganda repeated” (Taras, 1984, p. 145). This tone of flawless accomplishment appears to have bled into this collection. Many of the photograph descriptions boast Poland’s accomplishments while ignoring serious economic, cultural and societal problems.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p&gt;Works Cited&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Narodowe Archiwum Cyfrowe. (2015). &lt;em&gt;Centralna Agencja Fotograficzna.&lt;/em&gt; Retrieved from &lt;a href="http://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&amp;amp;sl=pl&amp;amp;u=http://www.nac.gov.pl/caf&amp;amp;prev=search"&gt;http://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&amp;amp;sl=pl&amp;amp;u=http://www.nac.gov.pl/caf&amp;amp;prev=search&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Nitschke, B. (December 2012). Działalność towarzystwa łączności z Polonią zagraniczną „Polonia” wobec polskiej emigracji w latach 1955-1970. &lt;em&gt;Annales UMCS, Sectio K (Politologia),&lt;/em&gt; &lt;em&gt;19&lt;/em&gt;(1): 159–185. DOI: 10.2478/v10226-012-0007-9.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Taras, R. (1984). &lt;em&gt;Ideology in a socialist state.&lt;/em&gt; Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.&lt;/p&gt;</text>
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                  <text>&lt;p&gt;The Towarzystwo Łączności z Polonią Zagraniczną "Polonia” Collection is an assortment of photographs created by the Ministry of Internal Affairs in communist Poland sent to the United States’ “Polonia,” or, areas or countries with a significant community of Poles outside of Poland. These photographs, most likely sent out in series, date from the 1960s to the early 1970s.  The University at Buffalo’s collection is made up of 32 folders containing 461 photographs that pertain to an assortment of topics highlighting Poland’s cultural, historical, technological and industrial advances, especially during the period of communist rule. The University at Buffalo Libraries have digitized these photographs and have attempted to maintain the original order of the series.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;This collection of propaganda photographs portrays selections of Polish culture, meant to show the country in the most advantageous fashion. Series in the collection include photographs of famous professors, actors, and musicians. There are also series featuring important industrial, historical and educational institutions, including bustling, modern cities and relaxing vacation destinations, according to the Polish Ministry of Internal Affairs.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;This collection was created by the &lt;em&gt;Towarzystwo Łączności z Polonią Zagraniczną "Polonia,”&lt;/em&gt; which translates to the &lt;em&gt;Society for Foreign Liaison with Poles, “Polonia.”&lt;/em&gt; This group wanted to establish a relationship between Polish people at home and abroad. The Towarzystwo Łączności z Polonią Zagraniczną "Polonia” and the Ministry of Internal Affairs in communist Poland aimed to give a broad and positive overview of life in Poland for those who emigrated and those with Polish heritage.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The photographs themselves were taken by the &lt;em&gt;Centralna Agencja Fotograficzna&lt;/em&gt; which translates to the &lt;em&gt;Central Photographic Agency&lt;/em&gt;. This agency operated from 1951 to 1991 and released millions of photographs.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Historians have noted that during this time in Poland, there was a “propaganda of success.” This meant “[m]edia reporting bloated domestic economic results and political accomplishments and glowingly described the party leader’s close contacts with foreign heads of state. Never had Poland’s stature in the international community been so great, propaganda repeated” (Taras, 1984, p. 145). This tone of flawless accomplishment appears to have bled into this collection. Many of the photograph descriptions boast Poland’s accomplishments while ignoring serious economic, cultural and societal problems.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p&gt;Works Cited&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Narodowe Archiwum Cyfrowe. (2015). &lt;em&gt;Centralna Agencja Fotograficzna.&lt;/em&gt; Retrieved from &lt;a href="http://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&amp;amp;sl=pl&amp;amp;u=http://www.nac.gov.pl/caf&amp;amp;prev=search"&gt;http://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&amp;amp;sl=pl&amp;amp;u=http://www.nac.gov.pl/caf&amp;amp;prev=search&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Nitschke, B. (December 2012). Działalność towarzystwa łączności z Polonią zagraniczną „Polonia” wobec polskiej emigracji w latach 1955-1970. &lt;em&gt;Annales UMCS, Sectio K (Politologia),&lt;/em&gt; &lt;em&gt;19&lt;/em&gt;(1): 159–185. DOI: 10.2478/v10226-012-0007-9.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Taras, R. (1984). &lt;em&gt;Ideology in a socialist state.&lt;/em&gt; Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.&lt;/p&gt;</text>
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                  <text>&lt;p&gt;The Towarzystwo Łączności z Polonią Zagraniczną "Polonia” Collection is an assortment of photographs created by the Ministry of Internal Affairs in communist Poland sent to the United States’ “Polonia,” or, areas or countries with a significant community of Poles outside of Poland. These photographs, most likely sent out in series, date from the 1960s to the early 1970s.  The University at Buffalo’s collection is made up of 32 folders containing 461 photographs that pertain to an assortment of topics highlighting Poland’s cultural, historical, technological and industrial advances, especially during the period of communist rule. The University at Buffalo Libraries have digitized these photographs and have attempted to maintain the original order of the series.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;This collection of propaganda photographs portrays selections of Polish culture, meant to show the country in the most advantageous fashion. Series in the collection include photographs of famous professors, actors, and musicians. There are also series featuring important industrial, historical and educational institutions, including bustling, modern cities and relaxing vacation destinations, according to the Polish Ministry of Internal Affairs.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;This collection was created by the &lt;em&gt;Towarzystwo Łączności z Polonią Zagraniczną "Polonia,”&lt;/em&gt; which translates to the &lt;em&gt;Society for Foreign Liaison with Poles, “Polonia.”&lt;/em&gt; This group wanted to establish a relationship between Polish people at home and abroad. The Towarzystwo Łączności z Polonią Zagraniczną "Polonia” and the Ministry of Internal Affairs in communist Poland aimed to give a broad and positive overview of life in Poland for those who emigrated and those with Polish heritage.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The photographs themselves were taken by the &lt;em&gt;Centralna Agencja Fotograficzna&lt;/em&gt; which translates to the &lt;em&gt;Central Photographic Agency&lt;/em&gt;. This agency operated from 1951 to 1991 and released millions of photographs.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Historians have noted that during this time in Poland, there was a “propaganda of success.” This meant “[m]edia reporting bloated domestic economic results and political accomplishments and glowingly described the party leader’s close contacts with foreign heads of state. Never had Poland’s stature in the international community been so great, propaganda repeated” (Taras, 1984, p. 145). This tone of flawless accomplishment appears to have bled into this collection. Many of the photograph descriptions boast Poland’s accomplishments while ignoring serious economic, cultural and societal problems.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p&gt;Works Cited&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Narodowe Archiwum Cyfrowe. (2015). &lt;em&gt;Centralna Agencja Fotograficzna.&lt;/em&gt; Retrieved from &lt;a href="http://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&amp;amp;sl=pl&amp;amp;u=http://www.nac.gov.pl/caf&amp;amp;prev=search"&gt;http://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&amp;amp;sl=pl&amp;amp;u=http://www.nac.gov.pl/caf&amp;amp;prev=search&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Nitschke, B. (December 2012). Działalność towarzystwa łączności z Polonią zagraniczną „Polonia” wobec polskiej emigracji w latach 1955-1970. &lt;em&gt;Annales UMCS, Sectio K (Politologia),&lt;/em&gt; &lt;em&gt;19&lt;/em&gt;(1): 159–185. DOI: 10.2478/v10226-012-0007-9.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Taras, R. (1984). &lt;em&gt;Ideology in a socialist state.&lt;/em&gt; Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.&lt;/p&gt;</text>
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                <text> Zamek Królewski (Warsaw, Poland) </text>
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                  <text>&lt;p&gt;The Towarzystwo Łączności z Polonią Zagraniczną "Polonia” Collection is an assortment of photographs created by the Ministry of Internal Affairs in communist Poland sent to the United States’ “Polonia,” or, areas or countries with a significant community of Poles outside of Poland. These photographs, most likely sent out in series, date from the 1960s to the early 1970s.  The University at Buffalo’s collection is made up of 32 folders containing 461 photographs that pertain to an assortment of topics highlighting Poland’s cultural, historical, technological and industrial advances, especially during the period of communist rule. The University at Buffalo Libraries have digitized these photographs and have attempted to maintain the original order of the series.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;This collection of propaganda photographs portrays selections of Polish culture, meant to show the country in the most advantageous fashion. Series in the collection include photographs of famous professors, actors, and musicians. There are also series featuring important industrial, historical and educational institutions, including bustling, modern cities and relaxing vacation destinations, according to the Polish Ministry of Internal Affairs.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;This collection was created by the &lt;em&gt;Towarzystwo Łączności z Polonią Zagraniczną "Polonia,”&lt;/em&gt; which translates to the &lt;em&gt;Society for Foreign Liaison with Poles, “Polonia.”&lt;/em&gt; This group wanted to establish a relationship between Polish people at home and abroad. The Towarzystwo Łączności z Polonią Zagraniczną "Polonia” and the Ministry of Internal Affairs in communist Poland aimed to give a broad and positive overview of life in Poland for those who emigrated and those with Polish heritage.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The photographs themselves were taken by the &lt;em&gt;Centralna Agencja Fotograficzna&lt;/em&gt; which translates to the &lt;em&gt;Central Photographic Agency&lt;/em&gt;. This agency operated from 1951 to 1991 and released millions of photographs.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Historians have noted that during this time in Poland, there was a “propaganda of success.” This meant “[m]edia reporting bloated domestic economic results and political accomplishments and glowingly described the party leader’s close contacts with foreign heads of state. Never had Poland’s stature in the international community been so great, propaganda repeated” (Taras, 1984, p. 145). This tone of flawless accomplishment appears to have bled into this collection. Many of the photograph descriptions boast Poland’s accomplishments while ignoring serious economic, cultural and societal problems.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p&gt;Works Cited&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Narodowe Archiwum Cyfrowe. (2015). &lt;em&gt;Centralna Agencja Fotograficzna.&lt;/em&gt; Retrieved from &lt;a href="http://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&amp;amp;sl=pl&amp;amp;u=http://www.nac.gov.pl/caf&amp;amp;prev=search"&gt;http://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&amp;amp;sl=pl&amp;amp;u=http://www.nac.gov.pl/caf&amp;amp;prev=search&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Nitschke, B. (December 2012). Działalność towarzystwa łączności z Polonią zagraniczną „Polonia” wobec polskiej emigracji w latach 1955-1970. &lt;em&gt;Annales UMCS, Sectio K (Politologia),&lt;/em&gt; &lt;em&gt;19&lt;/em&gt;(1): 159–185. DOI: 10.2478/v10226-012-0007-9.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Taras, R. (1984). &lt;em&gt;Ideology in a socialist state.&lt;/em&gt; Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.&lt;/p&gt;</text>
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                <text>Zamierzenia z przed siedmiu lat zostały zrealizowane, ale potrzeby są nadal duże. Polska szkoła przeszła już na system 8-letniej nauki w szkołach podstawowych. To wymaga dodatkowych sal lekcyjnych. Nie wystarczy już szkół 1000-lecia i 3,600 budynków powstałych w tym samym czasie, z funduszów państwowych. Wpłaty, społeczeństwa polskiego i Polonii Zagranicznej nadal wpływają a dalsze szkoły są w budowie.</text>
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                <text>The intentions of the prior seven years have been realized, but the needs are still great. Polish school system has already passed the 8-year primary education. This requires additional classrooms. It is not enough schools 1000 years and 3,600 buildings constructed at the same time, the state funds. Deposits, Polish society and Polish Foreign continue to influence and further schools are under construction.</text>
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                  <text>&lt;p&gt;The Towarzystwo Łączności z Polonią Zagraniczną "Polonia” Collection is an assortment of photographs created by the Ministry of Internal Affairs in communist Poland sent to the United States’ “Polonia,” or, areas or countries with a significant community of Poles outside of Poland. These photographs, most likely sent out in series, date from the 1960s to the early 1970s.  The University at Buffalo’s collection is made up of 32 folders containing 461 photographs that pertain to an assortment of topics highlighting Poland’s cultural, historical, technological and industrial advances, especially during the period of communist rule. The University at Buffalo Libraries have digitized these photographs and have attempted to maintain the original order of the series.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;This collection of propaganda photographs portrays selections of Polish culture, meant to show the country in the most advantageous fashion. Series in the collection include photographs of famous professors, actors, and musicians. There are also series featuring important industrial, historical and educational institutions, including bustling, modern cities and relaxing vacation destinations, according to the Polish Ministry of Internal Affairs.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;This collection was created by the &lt;em&gt;Towarzystwo Łączności z Polonią Zagraniczną "Polonia,”&lt;/em&gt; which translates to the &lt;em&gt;Society for Foreign Liaison with Poles, “Polonia.”&lt;/em&gt; This group wanted to establish a relationship between Polish people at home and abroad. The Towarzystwo Łączności z Polonią Zagraniczną "Polonia” and the Ministry of Internal Affairs in communist Poland aimed to give a broad and positive overview of life in Poland for those who emigrated and those with Polish heritage.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The photographs themselves were taken by the &lt;em&gt;Centralna Agencja Fotograficzna&lt;/em&gt; which translates to the &lt;em&gt;Central Photographic Agency&lt;/em&gt;. This agency operated from 1951 to 1991 and released millions of photographs.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Historians have noted that during this time in Poland, there was a “propaganda of success.” This meant “[m]edia reporting bloated domestic economic results and political accomplishments and glowingly described the party leader’s close contacts with foreign heads of state. Never had Poland’s stature in the international community been so great, propaganda repeated” (Taras, 1984, p. 145). This tone of flawless accomplishment appears to have bled into this collection. Many of the photograph descriptions boast Poland’s accomplishments while ignoring serious economic, cultural and societal problems.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p&gt;Works Cited&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Narodowe Archiwum Cyfrowe. (2015). &lt;em&gt;Centralna Agencja Fotograficzna.&lt;/em&gt; Retrieved from &lt;a href="http://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&amp;amp;sl=pl&amp;amp;u=http://www.nac.gov.pl/caf&amp;amp;prev=search"&gt;http://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&amp;amp;sl=pl&amp;amp;u=http://www.nac.gov.pl/caf&amp;amp;prev=search&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Nitschke, B. (December 2012). Działalność towarzystwa łączności z Polonią zagraniczną „Polonia” wobec polskiej emigracji w latach 1955-1970. &lt;em&gt;Annales UMCS, Sectio K (Politologia),&lt;/em&gt; &lt;em&gt;19&lt;/em&gt;(1): 159–185. DOI: 10.2478/v10226-012-0007-9.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Taras, R. (1984). &lt;em&gt;Ideology in a socialist state.&lt;/em&gt; Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.&lt;/p&gt;</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="467804">
                <text>Dziękujemy za pomoc przy budowie naszych szkół i przyrzekamy mieć same "5'' na świadectwach.</text>
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                <text>Thank you for helping in the construction of our schools, and we promise to have the same "5'' on the certificates.</text>
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                <text> Schools -- Design and construction -- Poland</text>
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                <text>&lt;a href="https://rightsstatements.org/page/NoC-US/1.0/"&gt;NO COPYRIGHT – UNITED STATES&lt;/a&gt;. The organization that has made the Item available believes that the Item is in the Public Domain under the laws of the United States, but a determination was not made as to its copyright status under the copyright laws of other countries. The Item may not be in the Public Domain under the laws of other countries. Please refer to the organization that has made the Item available for more information.</text>
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                  <text>&lt;p&gt;The Towarzystwo Łączności z Polonią Zagraniczną "Polonia” Collection is an assortment of photographs created by the Ministry of Internal Affairs in communist Poland sent to the United States’ “Polonia,” or, areas or countries with a significant community of Poles outside of Poland. These photographs, most likely sent out in series, date from the 1960s to the early 1970s.  The University at Buffalo’s collection is made up of 32 folders containing 461 photographs that pertain to an assortment of topics highlighting Poland’s cultural, historical, technological and industrial advances, especially during the period of communist rule. The University at Buffalo Libraries have digitized these photographs and have attempted to maintain the original order of the series.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;This collection of propaganda photographs portrays selections of Polish culture, meant to show the country in the most advantageous fashion. Series in the collection include photographs of famous professors, actors, and musicians. There are also series featuring important industrial, historical and educational institutions, including bustling, modern cities and relaxing vacation destinations, according to the Polish Ministry of Internal Affairs.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;This collection was created by the &lt;em&gt;Towarzystwo Łączności z Polonią Zagraniczną "Polonia,”&lt;/em&gt; which translates to the &lt;em&gt;Society for Foreign Liaison with Poles, “Polonia.”&lt;/em&gt; This group wanted to establish a relationship between Polish people at home and abroad. The Towarzystwo Łączności z Polonią Zagraniczną "Polonia” and the Ministry of Internal Affairs in communist Poland aimed to give a broad and positive overview of life in Poland for those who emigrated and those with Polish heritage.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The photographs themselves were taken by the &lt;em&gt;Centralna Agencja Fotograficzna&lt;/em&gt; which translates to the &lt;em&gt;Central Photographic Agency&lt;/em&gt;. This agency operated from 1951 to 1991 and released millions of photographs.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Historians have noted that during this time in Poland, there was a “propaganda of success.” This meant “[m]edia reporting bloated domestic economic results and political accomplishments and glowingly described the party leader’s close contacts with foreign heads of state. Never had Poland’s stature in the international community been so great, propaganda repeated” (Taras, 1984, p. 145). This tone of flawless accomplishment appears to have bled into this collection. Many of the photograph descriptions boast Poland’s accomplishments while ignoring serious economic, cultural and societal problems.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p&gt;Works Cited&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Narodowe Archiwum Cyfrowe. (2015). &lt;em&gt;Centralna Agencja Fotograficzna.&lt;/em&gt; Retrieved from &lt;a href="http://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&amp;amp;sl=pl&amp;amp;u=http://www.nac.gov.pl/caf&amp;amp;prev=search"&gt;http://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&amp;amp;sl=pl&amp;amp;u=http://www.nac.gov.pl/caf&amp;amp;prev=search&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Nitschke, B. (December 2012). Działalność towarzystwa łączności z Polonią zagraniczną „Polonia” wobec polskiej emigracji w latach 1955-1970. &lt;em&gt;Annales UMCS, Sectio K (Politologia),&lt;/em&gt; &lt;em&gt;19&lt;/em&gt;(1): 159–185. DOI: 10.2478/v10226-012-0007-9.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Taras, R. (1984). &lt;em&gt;Ideology in a socialist state.&lt;/em&gt; Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.&lt;/p&gt;</text>
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                <text>Warszawa dostąpiła zaszczytu posiadania tysięcznej szkoły 1000-lecia nazwanej imieniem wielkiego patrioty epoki Oświecenia i reformatora oświaty-Hugona Kołłątaja. Budynek zaprojektowany przez inż. arch. Zofię Fafius i inż. arch. Tadeusza Węglarskiego mieści 18 klas, 5 pracowni, salę gimnastyczną, bibliotekę, świetlicę i salę jadalną.</text>
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                <text>Warsaw received the honor of having the thousandth anniversary of the 1000 school named after the great patriot and reformer of Enlightenment education-Hugo Kollataj. The building was designed by Eng. and Arch. Zofię Fafius and Eng. and Arch. Tadeusz Węglarskiego it holds 18 classrooms, five laboratories, a gymnasium, a library, a common room and dining room.</text>
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                  <text>&lt;p&gt;The Towarzystwo Łączności z Polonią Zagraniczną "Polonia” Collection is an assortment of photographs created by the Ministry of Internal Affairs in communist Poland sent to the United States’ “Polonia,” or, areas or countries with a significant community of Poles outside of Poland. These photographs, most likely sent out in series, date from the 1960s to the early 1970s.  The University at Buffalo’s collection is made up of 32 folders containing 461 photographs that pertain to an assortment of topics highlighting Poland’s cultural, historical, technological and industrial advances, especially during the period of communist rule. The University at Buffalo Libraries have digitized these photographs and have attempted to maintain the original order of the series.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;This collection of propaganda photographs portrays selections of Polish culture, meant to show the country in the most advantageous fashion. Series in the collection include photographs of famous professors, actors, and musicians. There are also series featuring important industrial, historical and educational institutions, including bustling, modern cities and relaxing vacation destinations, according to the Polish Ministry of Internal Affairs.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;This collection was created by the &lt;em&gt;Towarzystwo Łączności z Polonią Zagraniczną "Polonia,”&lt;/em&gt; which translates to the &lt;em&gt;Society for Foreign Liaison with Poles, “Polonia.”&lt;/em&gt; This group wanted to establish a relationship between Polish people at home and abroad. The Towarzystwo Łączności z Polonią Zagraniczną "Polonia” and the Ministry of Internal Affairs in communist Poland aimed to give a broad and positive overview of life in Poland for those who emigrated and those with Polish heritage.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The photographs themselves were taken by the &lt;em&gt;Centralna Agencja Fotograficzna&lt;/em&gt; which translates to the &lt;em&gt;Central Photographic Agency&lt;/em&gt;. This agency operated from 1951 to 1991 and released millions of photographs.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Historians have noted that during this time in Poland, there was a “propaganda of success.” This meant “[m]edia reporting bloated domestic economic results and political accomplishments and glowingly described the party leader’s close contacts with foreign heads of state. Never had Poland’s stature in the international community been so great, propaganda repeated” (Taras, 1984, p. 145). This tone of flawless accomplishment appears to have bled into this collection. Many of the photograph descriptions boast Poland’s accomplishments while ignoring serious economic, cultural and societal problems.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p&gt;Works Cited&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Narodowe Archiwum Cyfrowe. (2015). &lt;em&gt;Centralna Agencja Fotograficzna.&lt;/em&gt; Retrieved from &lt;a href="http://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&amp;amp;sl=pl&amp;amp;u=http://www.nac.gov.pl/caf&amp;amp;prev=search"&gt;http://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&amp;amp;sl=pl&amp;amp;u=http://www.nac.gov.pl/caf&amp;amp;prev=search&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Nitschke, B. (December 2012). Działalność towarzystwa łączności z Polonią zagraniczną „Polonia” wobec polskiej emigracji w latach 1955-1970. &lt;em&gt;Annales UMCS, Sectio K (Politologia),&lt;/em&gt; &lt;em&gt;19&lt;/em&gt;(1): 159–185. DOI: 10.2478/v10226-012-0007-9.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Taras, R. (1984). &lt;em&gt;Ideology in a socialist state.&lt;/em&gt; Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.&lt;/p&gt;</text>
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                <text>Elementary Schools in Poland, no. 15</text>
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                <text>CAF/1965</text>
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                <text>W tym roku do klas pierwszych przyszło prawie 700 tys. najmłodszych
uczniów.</text>
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                <text>This year, for the first classes almost 700 thousand of the youngest
students came.</text>
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            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
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                <text>&lt;a href="https://rightsstatements.org/page/NoC-US/1.0/"&gt;NO COPYRIGHT – UNITED STATES&lt;/a&gt;. The organization that has made the Item available believes that the Item is in the Public Domain under the laws of the United States, but a determination was not made as to its copyright status under the copyright laws of other countries. The Item may not be in the Public Domain under the laws of other countries. Please refer to the organization that has made the Item available for more information.</text>
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                  <text>&lt;p&gt;The Towarzystwo Łączności z Polonią Zagraniczną "Polonia” Collection is an assortment of photographs created by the Ministry of Internal Affairs in communist Poland sent to the United States’ “Polonia,” or, areas or countries with a significant community of Poles outside of Poland. These photographs, most likely sent out in series, date from the 1960s to the early 1970s.  The University at Buffalo’s collection is made up of 32 folders containing 461 photographs that pertain to an assortment of topics highlighting Poland’s cultural, historical, technological and industrial advances, especially during the period of communist rule. The University at Buffalo Libraries have digitized these photographs and have attempted to maintain the original order of the series.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;This collection of propaganda photographs portrays selections of Polish culture, meant to show the country in the most advantageous fashion. Series in the collection include photographs of famous professors, actors, and musicians. There are also series featuring important industrial, historical and educational institutions, including bustling, modern cities and relaxing vacation destinations, according to the Polish Ministry of Internal Affairs.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;This collection was created by the &lt;em&gt;Towarzystwo Łączności z Polonią Zagraniczną "Polonia,”&lt;/em&gt; which translates to the &lt;em&gt;Society for Foreign Liaison with Poles, “Polonia.”&lt;/em&gt; This group wanted to establish a relationship between Polish people at home and abroad. The Towarzystwo Łączności z Polonią Zagraniczną "Polonia” and the Ministry of Internal Affairs in communist Poland aimed to give a broad and positive overview of life in Poland for those who emigrated and those with Polish heritage.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The photographs themselves were taken by the &lt;em&gt;Centralna Agencja Fotograficzna&lt;/em&gt; which translates to the &lt;em&gt;Central Photographic Agency&lt;/em&gt;. This agency operated from 1951 to 1991 and released millions of photographs.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Historians have noted that during this time in Poland, there was a “propaganda of success.” This meant “[m]edia reporting bloated domestic economic results and political accomplishments and glowingly described the party leader’s close contacts with foreign heads of state. Never had Poland’s stature in the international community been so great, propaganda repeated” (Taras, 1984, p. 145). This tone of flawless accomplishment appears to have bled into this collection. Many of the photograph descriptions boast Poland’s accomplishments while ignoring serious economic, cultural and societal problems.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p&gt;Works Cited&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Narodowe Archiwum Cyfrowe. (2015). &lt;em&gt;Centralna Agencja Fotograficzna.&lt;/em&gt; Retrieved from &lt;a href="http://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&amp;amp;sl=pl&amp;amp;u=http://www.nac.gov.pl/caf&amp;amp;prev=search"&gt;http://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&amp;amp;sl=pl&amp;amp;u=http://www.nac.gov.pl/caf&amp;amp;prev=search&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Nitschke, B. (December 2012). Działalność towarzystwa łączności z Polonią zagraniczną „Polonia” wobec polskiej emigracji w latach 1955-1970. &lt;em&gt;Annales UMCS, Sectio K (Politologia),&lt;/em&gt; &lt;em&gt;19&lt;/em&gt;(1): 159–185. DOI: 10.2478/v10226-012-0007-9.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Taras, R. (1984). &lt;em&gt;Ideology in a socialist state.&lt;/em&gt; Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.&lt;/p&gt;</text>
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                <text>Elementary Schools in Poland, no. 14</text>
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                <text>Niewielka miejscowość w woj. białostockim Olecko również otrzymała
piękną 1000-latkę. Opiekuie się nią Polonia Szwedzka która
przekazała 21 tys. koron.</text>
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 a beautiful 1000-year-old. Opiekuie of her Polish Swedish which
 donated 21 thousand. crowns.</text>
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                <text>Schools -- Poland -- Olecko </text>
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                  <text>&lt;p&gt;The Towarzystwo Łączności z Polonią Zagraniczną "Polonia” Collection is an assortment of photographs created by the Ministry of Internal Affairs in communist Poland sent to the United States’ “Polonia,” or, areas or countries with a significant community of Poles outside of Poland. These photographs, most likely sent out in series, date from the 1960s to the early 1970s.  The University at Buffalo’s collection is made up of 32 folders containing 461 photographs that pertain to an assortment of topics highlighting Poland’s cultural, historical, technological and industrial advances, especially during the period of communist rule. The University at Buffalo Libraries have digitized these photographs and have attempted to maintain the original order of the series.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;This collection of propaganda photographs portrays selections of Polish culture, meant to show the country in the most advantageous fashion. Series in the collection include photographs of famous professors, actors, and musicians. There are also series featuring important industrial, historical and educational institutions, including bustling, modern cities and relaxing vacation destinations, according to the Polish Ministry of Internal Affairs.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;This collection was created by the &lt;em&gt;Towarzystwo Łączności z Polonią Zagraniczną "Polonia,”&lt;/em&gt; which translates to the &lt;em&gt;Society for Foreign Liaison with Poles, “Polonia.”&lt;/em&gt; This group wanted to establish a relationship between Polish people at home and abroad. The Towarzystwo Łączności z Polonią Zagraniczną "Polonia” and the Ministry of Internal Affairs in communist Poland aimed to give a broad and positive overview of life in Poland for those who emigrated and those with Polish heritage.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The photographs themselves were taken by the &lt;em&gt;Centralna Agencja Fotograficzna&lt;/em&gt; which translates to the &lt;em&gt;Central Photographic Agency&lt;/em&gt;. This agency operated from 1951 to 1991 and released millions of photographs.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Historians have noted that during this time in Poland, there was a “propaganda of success.” This meant “[m]edia reporting bloated domestic economic results and political accomplishments and glowingly described the party leader’s close contacts with foreign heads of state. Never had Poland’s stature in the international community been so great, propaganda repeated” (Taras, 1984, p. 145). This tone of flawless accomplishment appears to have bled into this collection. Many of the photograph descriptions boast Poland’s accomplishments while ignoring serious economic, cultural and societal problems.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p&gt;Works Cited&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Narodowe Archiwum Cyfrowe. (2015). &lt;em&gt;Centralna Agencja Fotograficzna.&lt;/em&gt; Retrieved from &lt;a href="http://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&amp;amp;sl=pl&amp;amp;u=http://www.nac.gov.pl/caf&amp;amp;prev=search"&gt;http://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&amp;amp;sl=pl&amp;amp;u=http://www.nac.gov.pl/caf&amp;amp;prev=search&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Nitschke, B. (December 2012). Działalność towarzystwa łączności z Polonią zagraniczną „Polonia” wobec polskiej emigracji w latach 1955-1970. &lt;em&gt;Annales UMCS, Sectio K (Politologia),&lt;/em&gt; &lt;em&gt;19&lt;/em&gt;(1): 159–185. DOI: 10.2478/v10226-012-0007-9.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Taras, R. (1984). &lt;em&gt;Ideology in a socialist state.&lt;/em&gt; Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.&lt;/p&gt;</text>
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                <text>Szkolą 1000-lecia w Nidzicy (woj. olsztyńskie) opiekuje się Polonia Angielska. Oto pamiątkowe zdjęcie z uroczystości otwarcia z udziałem delegacji Centralnego Komitetu Tysiąclecia Polski w Wielkiej Brytanii. Wśród dzieci widzimy przewodniczącego tego komitetu p. P. Archutowskiego. Polacy z Wielkiej Brytanii zebrali na fundusz budowy szkół 3 tys. funtów.</text>
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                <text>They train the 1000th anniversary of the Nidzicy (Olsztyn province) takes care of the Polonia English. Here's a souvenir photo of the opening ceremony with the participation of delegations of the Central Committee of the Polish Millennium in Britain. Among the children we see the chairman of the committee Mr. P. Archutowskiego. Poles in the UK came together to fund the construction of schools with 3 thousand pounds.</text>
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                  <text>&lt;p&gt;The Towarzystwo Łączności z Polonią Zagraniczną "Polonia” Collection is an assortment of photographs created by the Ministry of Internal Affairs in communist Poland sent to the United States’ “Polonia,” or, areas or countries with a significant community of Poles outside of Poland. These photographs, most likely sent out in series, date from the 1960s to the early 1970s.  The University at Buffalo’s collection is made up of 32 folders containing 461 photographs that pertain to an assortment of topics highlighting Poland’s cultural, historical, technological and industrial advances, especially during the period of communist rule. The University at Buffalo Libraries have digitized these photographs and have attempted to maintain the original order of the series.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;This collection of propaganda photographs portrays selections of Polish culture, meant to show the country in the most advantageous fashion. Series in the collection include photographs of famous professors, actors, and musicians. There are also series featuring important industrial, historical and educational institutions, including bustling, modern cities and relaxing vacation destinations, according to the Polish Ministry of Internal Affairs.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;This collection was created by the &lt;em&gt;Towarzystwo Łączności z Polonią Zagraniczną "Polonia,”&lt;/em&gt; which translates to the &lt;em&gt;Society for Foreign Liaison with Poles, “Polonia.”&lt;/em&gt; This group wanted to establish a relationship between Polish people at home and abroad. The Towarzystwo Łączności z Polonią Zagraniczną "Polonia” and the Ministry of Internal Affairs in communist Poland aimed to give a broad and positive overview of life in Poland for those who emigrated and those with Polish heritage.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The photographs themselves were taken by the &lt;em&gt;Centralna Agencja Fotograficzna&lt;/em&gt; which translates to the &lt;em&gt;Central Photographic Agency&lt;/em&gt;. This agency operated from 1951 to 1991 and released millions of photographs.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Historians have noted that during this time in Poland, there was a “propaganda of success.” This meant “[m]edia reporting bloated domestic economic results and political accomplishments and glowingly described the party leader’s close contacts with foreign heads of state. Never had Poland’s stature in the international community been so great, propaganda repeated” (Taras, 1984, p. 145). This tone of flawless accomplishment appears to have bled into this collection. Many of the photograph descriptions boast Poland’s accomplishments while ignoring serious economic, cultural and societal problems.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p&gt;Works Cited&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Narodowe Archiwum Cyfrowe. (2015). &lt;em&gt;Centralna Agencja Fotograficzna.&lt;/em&gt; Retrieved from &lt;a href="http://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&amp;amp;sl=pl&amp;amp;u=http://www.nac.gov.pl/caf&amp;amp;prev=search"&gt;http://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&amp;amp;sl=pl&amp;amp;u=http://www.nac.gov.pl/caf&amp;amp;prev=search&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Nitschke, B. (December 2012). Działalność towarzystwa łączności z Polonią zagraniczną „Polonia” wobec polskiej emigracji w latach 1955-1970. &lt;em&gt;Annales UMCS, Sectio K (Politologia),&lt;/em&gt; &lt;em&gt;19&lt;/em&gt;(1): 159–185. DOI: 10.2478/v10226-012-0007-9.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Taras, R. (1984). &lt;em&gt;Ideology in a socialist state.&lt;/em&gt; Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.&lt;/p&gt;</text>
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                <text>Polonia Kanadyjska, która przekazała dotychczas blisko 35 tys. dolarów, objęła swym patronatem szkołę rzemiosł budowlanych w Opolu. Na uroczystości otwarcia przemawiał wiceprezes Polsko-Kanadyjskiego Komitetu Obrońców Tysiąclecia Państwa Polskiego i Stulecia Kanady p. Mieczysław Nicowski.</text>
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                <text>Canadian Polonia, who gave so far nearly 35 thousand dollars, covered the auspices of the school building crafts in Opole. At the opening ceremony of the Polish-speaking vice-president of the Canadian Committee of the Defenders of State Millennium Polish and Canadian Centennial, Mr Mieczyslaw Nicowski.</text>
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                  <text>&lt;p&gt;The Towarzystwo Łączności z Polonią Zagraniczną "Polonia” Collection is an assortment of photographs created by the Ministry of Internal Affairs in communist Poland sent to the United States’ “Polonia,” or, areas or countries with a significant community of Poles outside of Poland. These photographs, most likely sent out in series, date from the 1960s to the early 1970s.  The University at Buffalo’s collection is made up of 32 folders containing 461 photographs that pertain to an assortment of topics highlighting Poland’s cultural, historical, technological and industrial advances, especially during the period of communist rule. The University at Buffalo Libraries have digitized these photographs and have attempted to maintain the original order of the series.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;This collection of propaganda photographs portrays selections of Polish culture, meant to show the country in the most advantageous fashion. Series in the collection include photographs of famous professors, actors, and musicians. There are also series featuring important industrial, historical and educational institutions, including bustling, modern cities and relaxing vacation destinations, according to the Polish Ministry of Internal Affairs.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;This collection was created by the &lt;em&gt;Towarzystwo Łączności z Polonią Zagraniczną "Polonia,”&lt;/em&gt; which translates to the &lt;em&gt;Society for Foreign Liaison with Poles, “Polonia.”&lt;/em&gt; This group wanted to establish a relationship between Polish people at home and abroad. The Towarzystwo Łączności z Polonią Zagraniczną "Polonia” and the Ministry of Internal Affairs in communist Poland aimed to give a broad and positive overview of life in Poland for those who emigrated and those with Polish heritage.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The photographs themselves were taken by the &lt;em&gt;Centralna Agencja Fotograficzna&lt;/em&gt; which translates to the &lt;em&gt;Central Photographic Agency&lt;/em&gt;. This agency operated from 1951 to 1991 and released millions of photographs.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Historians have noted that during this time in Poland, there was a “propaganda of success.” This meant “[m]edia reporting bloated domestic economic results and political accomplishments and glowingly described the party leader’s close contacts with foreign heads of state. Never had Poland’s stature in the international community been so great, propaganda repeated” (Taras, 1984, p. 145). This tone of flawless accomplishment appears to have bled into this collection. Many of the photograph descriptions boast Poland’s accomplishments while ignoring serious economic, cultural and societal problems.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p&gt;Works Cited&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Narodowe Archiwum Cyfrowe. (2015). &lt;em&gt;Centralna Agencja Fotograficzna.&lt;/em&gt; Retrieved from &lt;a href="http://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&amp;amp;sl=pl&amp;amp;u=http://www.nac.gov.pl/caf&amp;amp;prev=search"&gt;http://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&amp;amp;sl=pl&amp;amp;u=http://www.nac.gov.pl/caf&amp;amp;prev=search&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Nitschke, B. (December 2012). Działalność towarzystwa łączności z Polonią zagraniczną „Polonia” wobec polskiej emigracji w latach 1955-1970. &lt;em&gt;Annales UMCS, Sectio K (Politologia),&lt;/em&gt; &lt;em&gt;19&lt;/em&gt;(1): 159–185. DOI: 10.2478/v10226-012-0007-9.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Taras, R. (1984). &lt;em&gt;Ideology in a socialist state.&lt;/em&gt; Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.&lt;/p&gt;</text>
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                <text>Elementary Schools in Poland, no. 11</text>
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                <text>Szkoły są nowocześnie zaprojektowane, pełne światła i słońca. Nad ich planami pracują najlepsi polscy architekci. Nasze zdjęcie przedstawia apel poranny w szkole 1000-lecia im. Bohaterów I Armii Wojska Polskiego w Kołobrzegu.</text>
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                <text>Schools are modernly designed, full of light and sun. The best Polish architects work over them. Our picture shows the appeal of the school in the morning, on the 1000th anniversary of the Heroes of the Polish Army in Kolobrzeg.</text>
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                <text> Anniversaries -- Poland </text>
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                  <text>&lt;p&gt;The Towarzystwo Łączności z Polonią Zagraniczną "Polonia” Collection is an assortment of photographs created by the Ministry of Internal Affairs in communist Poland sent to the United States’ “Polonia,” or, areas or countries with a significant community of Poles outside of Poland. These photographs, most likely sent out in series, date from the 1960s to the early 1970s.  The University at Buffalo’s collection is made up of 32 folders containing 461 photographs that pertain to an assortment of topics highlighting Poland’s cultural, historical, technological and industrial advances, especially during the period of communist rule. The University at Buffalo Libraries have digitized these photographs and have attempted to maintain the original order of the series.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;This collection of propaganda photographs portrays selections of Polish culture, meant to show the country in the most advantageous fashion. Series in the collection include photographs of famous professors, actors, and musicians. There are also series featuring important industrial, historical and educational institutions, including bustling, modern cities and relaxing vacation destinations, according to the Polish Ministry of Internal Affairs.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;This collection was created by the &lt;em&gt;Towarzystwo Łączności z Polonią Zagraniczną "Polonia,”&lt;/em&gt; which translates to the &lt;em&gt;Society for Foreign Liaison with Poles, “Polonia.”&lt;/em&gt; This group wanted to establish a relationship between Polish people at home and abroad. The Towarzystwo Łączności z Polonią Zagraniczną "Polonia” and the Ministry of Internal Affairs in communist Poland aimed to give a broad and positive overview of life in Poland for those who emigrated and those with Polish heritage.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The photographs themselves were taken by the &lt;em&gt;Centralna Agencja Fotograficzna&lt;/em&gt; which translates to the &lt;em&gt;Central Photographic Agency&lt;/em&gt;. This agency operated from 1951 to 1991 and released millions of photographs.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Historians have noted that during this time in Poland, there was a “propaganda of success.” This meant “[m]edia reporting bloated domestic economic results and political accomplishments and glowingly described the party leader’s close contacts with foreign heads of state. Never had Poland’s stature in the international community been so great, propaganda repeated” (Taras, 1984, p. 145). This tone of flawless accomplishment appears to have bled into this collection. Many of the photograph descriptions boast Poland’s accomplishments while ignoring serious economic, cultural and societal problems.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p&gt;Works Cited&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Narodowe Archiwum Cyfrowe. (2015). &lt;em&gt;Centralna Agencja Fotograficzna.&lt;/em&gt; Retrieved from &lt;a href="http://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&amp;amp;sl=pl&amp;amp;u=http://www.nac.gov.pl/caf&amp;amp;prev=search"&gt;http://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&amp;amp;sl=pl&amp;amp;u=http://www.nac.gov.pl/caf&amp;amp;prev=search&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Nitschke, B. (December 2012). Działalność towarzystwa łączności z Polonią zagraniczną „Polonia” wobec polskiej emigracji w latach 1955-1970. &lt;em&gt;Annales UMCS, Sectio K (Politologia),&lt;/em&gt; &lt;em&gt;19&lt;/em&gt;(1): 159–185. DOI: 10.2478/v10226-012-0007-9.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Taras, R. (1984). &lt;em&gt;Ideology in a socialist state.&lt;/em&gt; Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.&lt;/p&gt;</text>
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                <text>Wielką wagę w szkolnictwie polskim przywiązuje się do wszechstronnego rozwiązania uzdolnień dzieci. Służą temu bogato wyposażone gabinety naukowe i pracownie techniczne.</text>
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                <text>In the Polish education, great importance is given to a comprehensive solution of the talents of children. The well-equipped offices and laboratories scientific technology serve this.</text>
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                  <text>&lt;p&gt;The Towarzystwo Łączności z Polonią Zagraniczną "Polonia” Collection is an assortment of photographs created by the Ministry of Internal Affairs in communist Poland sent to the United States’ “Polonia,” or, areas or countries with a significant community of Poles outside of Poland. These photographs, most likely sent out in series, date from the 1960s to the early 1970s.  The University at Buffalo’s collection is made up of 32 folders containing 461 photographs that pertain to an assortment of topics highlighting Poland’s cultural, historical, technological and industrial advances, especially during the period of communist rule. The University at Buffalo Libraries have digitized these photographs and have attempted to maintain the original order of the series.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;This collection of propaganda photographs portrays selections of Polish culture, meant to show the country in the most advantageous fashion. Series in the collection include photographs of famous professors, actors, and musicians. There are also series featuring important industrial, historical and educational institutions, including bustling, modern cities and relaxing vacation destinations, according to the Polish Ministry of Internal Affairs.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;This collection was created by the &lt;em&gt;Towarzystwo Łączności z Polonią Zagraniczną "Polonia,”&lt;/em&gt; which translates to the &lt;em&gt;Society for Foreign Liaison with Poles, “Polonia.”&lt;/em&gt; This group wanted to establish a relationship between Polish people at home and abroad. The Towarzystwo Łączności z Polonią Zagraniczną "Polonia” and the Ministry of Internal Affairs in communist Poland aimed to give a broad and positive overview of life in Poland for those who emigrated and those with Polish heritage.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The photographs themselves were taken by the &lt;em&gt;Centralna Agencja Fotograficzna&lt;/em&gt; which translates to the &lt;em&gt;Central Photographic Agency&lt;/em&gt;. This agency operated from 1951 to 1991 and released millions of photographs.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Historians have noted that during this time in Poland, there was a “propaganda of success.” This meant “[m]edia reporting bloated domestic economic results and political accomplishments and glowingly described the party leader’s close contacts with foreign heads of state. Never had Poland’s stature in the international community been so great, propaganda repeated” (Taras, 1984, p. 145). This tone of flawless accomplishment appears to have bled into this collection. Many of the photograph descriptions boast Poland’s accomplishments while ignoring serious economic, cultural and societal problems.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p&gt;Works Cited&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Narodowe Archiwum Cyfrowe. (2015). &lt;em&gt;Centralna Agencja Fotograficzna.&lt;/em&gt; Retrieved from &lt;a href="http://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&amp;amp;sl=pl&amp;amp;u=http://www.nac.gov.pl/caf&amp;amp;prev=search"&gt;http://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&amp;amp;sl=pl&amp;amp;u=http://www.nac.gov.pl/caf&amp;amp;prev=search&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Nitschke, B. (December 2012). Działalność towarzystwa łączności z Polonią zagraniczną „Polonia” wobec polskiej emigracji w latach 1955-1970. &lt;em&gt;Annales UMCS, Sectio K (Politologia),&lt;/em&gt; &lt;em&gt;19&lt;/em&gt;(1): 159–185. DOI: 10.2478/v10226-012-0007-9.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Taras, R. (1984). &lt;em&gt;Ideology in a socialist state.&lt;/em&gt; Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.&lt;/p&gt;</text>
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                <text>Dorośli dawali na budowę szkół pieniądze i własną pracę ocenioną w sumie na 2 miliardy złotych. Dzieci też nie pozostawały w tyle. Z ochotą porządkowały teren, sadziły drzewka, siały trawę.</text>
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                <text>Adults gave money to build schools and their own work assessed a total of two billion dollars. Children also do not lag behind. Eagerly porządkowały area, they thought trees, wreaking grass.</text>
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                  <text>&lt;p&gt;The Towarzystwo Łączności z Polonią Zagraniczną "Polonia” Collection is an assortment of photographs created by the Ministry of Internal Affairs in communist Poland sent to the United States’ “Polonia,” or, areas or countries with a significant community of Poles outside of Poland. These photographs, most likely sent out in series, date from the 1960s to the early 1970s.  The University at Buffalo’s collection is made up of 32 folders containing 461 photographs that pertain to an assortment of topics highlighting Poland’s cultural, historical, technological and industrial advances, especially during the period of communist rule. The University at Buffalo Libraries have digitized these photographs and have attempted to maintain the original order of the series.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;This collection of propaganda photographs portrays selections of Polish culture, meant to show the country in the most advantageous fashion. Series in the collection include photographs of famous professors, actors, and musicians. There are also series featuring important industrial, historical and educational institutions, including bustling, modern cities and relaxing vacation destinations, according to the Polish Ministry of Internal Affairs.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;This collection was created by the &lt;em&gt;Towarzystwo Łączności z Polonią Zagraniczną "Polonia,”&lt;/em&gt; which translates to the &lt;em&gt;Society for Foreign Liaison with Poles, “Polonia.”&lt;/em&gt; This group wanted to establish a relationship between Polish people at home and abroad. The Towarzystwo Łączności z Polonią Zagraniczną "Polonia” and the Ministry of Internal Affairs in communist Poland aimed to give a broad and positive overview of life in Poland for those who emigrated and those with Polish heritage.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The photographs themselves were taken by the &lt;em&gt;Centralna Agencja Fotograficzna&lt;/em&gt; which translates to the &lt;em&gt;Central Photographic Agency&lt;/em&gt;. This agency operated from 1951 to 1991 and released millions of photographs.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Historians have noted that during this time in Poland, there was a “propaganda of success.” This meant “[m]edia reporting bloated domestic economic results and political accomplishments and glowingly described the party leader’s close contacts with foreign heads of state. Never had Poland’s stature in the international community been so great, propaganda repeated” (Taras, 1984, p. 145). This tone of flawless accomplishment appears to have bled into this collection. Many of the photograph descriptions boast Poland’s accomplishments while ignoring serious economic, cultural and societal problems.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p&gt;Works Cited&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Narodowe Archiwum Cyfrowe. (2015). &lt;em&gt;Centralna Agencja Fotograficzna.&lt;/em&gt; Retrieved from &lt;a href="http://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&amp;amp;sl=pl&amp;amp;u=http://www.nac.gov.pl/caf&amp;amp;prev=search"&gt;http://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&amp;amp;sl=pl&amp;amp;u=http://www.nac.gov.pl/caf&amp;amp;prev=search&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Nitschke, B. (December 2012). Działalność towarzystwa łączności z Polonią zagraniczną „Polonia” wobec polskiej emigracji w latach 1955-1970. &lt;em&gt;Annales UMCS, Sectio K (Politologia),&lt;/em&gt; &lt;em&gt;19&lt;/em&gt;(1): 159–185. DOI: 10.2478/v10226-012-0007-9.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Taras, R. (1984). &lt;em&gt;Ideology in a socialist state.&lt;/em&gt; Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.&lt;/p&gt;</text>
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                <text>Oto jedna z 72 szkół tysiąclecia istniejących w woj. krakowskim.
Zbudowano ją w Piwnicznej w okolicach Nowego Targu.</text>
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                  <text>&lt;p&gt;The Towarzystwo Łączności z Polonią Zagraniczną "Polonia” Collection is an assortment of photographs created by the Ministry of Internal Affairs in communist Poland sent to the United States’ “Polonia,” or, areas or countries with a significant community of Poles outside of Poland. These photographs, most likely sent out in series, date from the 1960s to the early 1970s.  The University at Buffalo’s collection is made up of 32 folders containing 461 photographs that pertain to an assortment of topics highlighting Poland’s cultural, historical, technological and industrial advances, especially during the period of communist rule. The University at Buffalo Libraries have digitized these photographs and have attempted to maintain the original order of the series.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;This collection of propaganda photographs portrays selections of Polish culture, meant to show the country in the most advantageous fashion. Series in the collection include photographs of famous professors, actors, and musicians. There are also series featuring important industrial, historical and educational institutions, including bustling, modern cities and relaxing vacation destinations, according to the Polish Ministry of Internal Affairs.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;This collection was created by the &lt;em&gt;Towarzystwo Łączności z Polonią Zagraniczną "Polonia,”&lt;/em&gt; which translates to the &lt;em&gt;Society for Foreign Liaison with Poles, “Polonia.”&lt;/em&gt; This group wanted to establish a relationship between Polish people at home and abroad. The Towarzystwo Łączności z Polonią Zagraniczną "Polonia” and the Ministry of Internal Affairs in communist Poland aimed to give a broad and positive overview of life in Poland for those who emigrated and those with Polish heritage.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The photographs themselves were taken by the &lt;em&gt;Centralna Agencja Fotograficzna&lt;/em&gt; which translates to the &lt;em&gt;Central Photographic Agency&lt;/em&gt;. This agency operated from 1951 to 1991 and released millions of photographs.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Historians have noted that during this time in Poland, there was a “propaganda of success.” This meant “[m]edia reporting bloated domestic economic results and political accomplishments and glowingly described the party leader’s close contacts with foreign heads of state. Never had Poland’s stature in the international community been so great, propaganda repeated” (Taras, 1984, p. 145). This tone of flawless accomplishment appears to have bled into this collection. Many of the photograph descriptions boast Poland’s accomplishments while ignoring serious economic, cultural and societal problems.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p&gt;Works Cited&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Narodowe Archiwum Cyfrowe. (2015). &lt;em&gt;Centralna Agencja Fotograficzna.&lt;/em&gt; Retrieved from &lt;a href="http://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&amp;amp;sl=pl&amp;amp;u=http://www.nac.gov.pl/caf&amp;amp;prev=search"&gt;http://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&amp;amp;sl=pl&amp;amp;u=http://www.nac.gov.pl/caf&amp;amp;prev=search&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Nitschke, B. (December 2012). Działalność towarzystwa łączności z Polonią zagraniczną „Polonia” wobec polskiej emigracji w latach 1955-1970. &lt;em&gt;Annales UMCS, Sectio K (Politologia),&lt;/em&gt; &lt;em&gt;19&lt;/em&gt;(1): 159–185. DOI: 10.2478/v10226-012-0007-9.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Taras, R. (1984). &lt;em&gt;Ideology in a socialist state.&lt;/em&gt; Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.&lt;/p&gt;</text>
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                <text>W ciągu siedmiu lat Polonia Zagraniczna przekazała do kraju 124 tys. dolarów. Wybudowano za nie i wyposażono 7 pięknych szkół. Oto uroczystość otwarcia jednej z nich, w Gdańsku, noszącej imię wielkiej uczonej Marii Skłodowskiej-Curie. Polonia Francuska przekazała na jej budowę 12 tys. franków.</text>
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                <text>In seven years, Polonia foreign country transferred to 124 thousand dollars. Built for them 7 beautiful schools. Here is the opening ceremony of one of them, in Gdansk, named after the great scientist Marie Curie. French Polonia gave 12 thousand francs to the construction of the schools. </text>
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                  <text>&lt;p&gt;The Towarzystwo Łączności z Polonią Zagraniczną "Polonia” Collection is an assortment of photographs created by the Ministry of Internal Affairs in communist Poland sent to the United States’ “Polonia,” or, areas or countries with a significant community of Poles outside of Poland. These photographs, most likely sent out in series, date from the 1960s to the early 1970s.  The University at Buffalo’s collection is made up of 32 folders containing 461 photographs that pertain to an assortment of topics highlighting Poland’s cultural, historical, technological and industrial advances, especially during the period of communist rule. The University at Buffalo Libraries have digitized these photographs and have attempted to maintain the original order of the series.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;This collection of propaganda photographs portrays selections of Polish culture, meant to show the country in the most advantageous fashion. Series in the collection include photographs of famous professors, actors, and musicians. There are also series featuring important industrial, historical and educational institutions, including bustling, modern cities and relaxing vacation destinations, according to the Polish Ministry of Internal Affairs.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;This collection was created by the &lt;em&gt;Towarzystwo Łączności z Polonią Zagraniczną "Polonia,”&lt;/em&gt; which translates to the &lt;em&gt;Society for Foreign Liaison with Poles, “Polonia.”&lt;/em&gt; This group wanted to establish a relationship between Polish people at home and abroad. The Towarzystwo Łączności z Polonią Zagraniczną "Polonia” and the Ministry of Internal Affairs in communist Poland aimed to give a broad and positive overview of life in Poland for those who emigrated and those with Polish heritage.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The photographs themselves were taken by the &lt;em&gt;Centralna Agencja Fotograficzna&lt;/em&gt; which translates to the &lt;em&gt;Central Photographic Agency&lt;/em&gt;. This agency operated from 1951 to 1991 and released millions of photographs.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Historians have noted that during this time in Poland, there was a “propaganda of success.” This meant “[m]edia reporting bloated domestic economic results and political accomplishments and glowingly described the party leader’s close contacts with foreign heads of state. Never had Poland’s stature in the international community been so great, propaganda repeated” (Taras, 1984, p. 145). This tone of flawless accomplishment appears to have bled into this collection. Many of the photograph descriptions boast Poland’s accomplishments while ignoring serious economic, cultural and societal problems.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p&gt;Works Cited&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Narodowe Archiwum Cyfrowe. (2015). &lt;em&gt;Centralna Agencja Fotograficzna.&lt;/em&gt; Retrieved from &lt;a href="http://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&amp;amp;sl=pl&amp;amp;u=http://www.nac.gov.pl/caf&amp;amp;prev=search"&gt;http://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&amp;amp;sl=pl&amp;amp;u=http://www.nac.gov.pl/caf&amp;amp;prev=search&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Nitschke, B. (December 2012). Działalność towarzystwa łączności z Polonią zagraniczną „Polonia” wobec polskiej emigracji w latach 1955-1970. &lt;em&gt;Annales UMCS, Sectio K (Politologia),&lt;/em&gt; &lt;em&gt;19&lt;/em&gt;(1): 159–185. DOI: 10.2478/v10226-012-0007-9.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Taras, R. (1984). &lt;em&gt;Ideology in a socialist state.&lt;/em&gt; Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.&lt;/p&gt;</text>
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                <text>W tyle nie pozostawało też wojsko, które ma olbrzymi udział w budowie 1000-latek.</text>
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                <text>In the back there remained the army that has a huge part in building the 1,000-year-old [school?].</text>
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                  <text>&lt;p&gt;The Towarzystwo Łączności z Polonią Zagraniczną "Polonia” Collection is an assortment of photographs created by the Ministry of Internal Affairs in communist Poland sent to the United States’ “Polonia,” or, areas or countries with a significant community of Poles outside of Poland. These photographs, most likely sent out in series, date from the 1960s to the early 1970s.  The University at Buffalo’s collection is made up of 32 folders containing 461 photographs that pertain to an assortment of topics highlighting Poland’s cultural, historical, technological and industrial advances, especially during the period of communist rule. The University at Buffalo Libraries have digitized these photographs and have attempted to maintain the original order of the series.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;This collection of propaganda photographs portrays selections of Polish culture, meant to show the country in the most advantageous fashion. Series in the collection include photographs of famous professors, actors, and musicians. There are also series featuring important industrial, historical and educational institutions, including bustling, modern cities and relaxing vacation destinations, according to the Polish Ministry of Internal Affairs.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;This collection was created by the &lt;em&gt;Towarzystwo Łączności z Polonią Zagraniczną "Polonia,”&lt;/em&gt; which translates to the &lt;em&gt;Society for Foreign Liaison with Poles, “Polonia.”&lt;/em&gt; This group wanted to establish a relationship between Polish people at home and abroad. The Towarzystwo Łączności z Polonią Zagraniczną "Polonia” and the Ministry of Internal Affairs in communist Poland aimed to give a broad and positive overview of life in Poland for those who emigrated and those with Polish heritage.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The photographs themselves were taken by the &lt;em&gt;Centralna Agencja Fotograficzna&lt;/em&gt; which translates to the &lt;em&gt;Central Photographic Agency&lt;/em&gt;. This agency operated from 1951 to 1991 and released millions of photographs.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Historians have noted that during this time in Poland, there was a “propaganda of success.” This meant “[m]edia reporting bloated domestic economic results and political accomplishments and glowingly described the party leader’s close contacts with foreign heads of state. Never had Poland’s stature in the international community been so great, propaganda repeated” (Taras, 1984, p. 145). This tone of flawless accomplishment appears to have bled into this collection. Many of the photograph descriptions boast Poland’s accomplishments while ignoring serious economic, cultural and societal problems.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p&gt;Works Cited&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Narodowe Archiwum Cyfrowe. (2015). &lt;em&gt;Centralna Agencja Fotograficzna.&lt;/em&gt; Retrieved from &lt;a href="http://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&amp;amp;sl=pl&amp;amp;u=http://www.nac.gov.pl/caf&amp;amp;prev=search"&gt;http://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&amp;amp;sl=pl&amp;amp;u=http://www.nac.gov.pl/caf&amp;amp;prev=search&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Nitschke, B. (December 2012). Działalność towarzystwa łączności z Polonią zagraniczną „Polonia” wobec polskiej emigracji w latach 1955-1970. &lt;em&gt;Annales UMCS, Sectio K (Politologia),&lt;/em&gt; &lt;em&gt;19&lt;/em&gt;(1): 159–185. DOI: 10.2478/v10226-012-0007-9.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Taras, R. (1984). &lt;em&gt;Ideology in a socialist state.&lt;/em&gt; Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.&lt;/p&gt;</text>
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                <text>Na apel odpowiedzieli również robotnicy fabryk. rolnicy i pracownicy umysłowi. Wiele szkół znalazło szczodrych opiekunów, którzy dbali o wyposażenie gabinetów naukowych, pracowni i sal gimnastycznych.</text>
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                <text>Also responded to the call of the workers of factories. farmers and white-collar workers. Many schools were generous maintainers who look after the demand for scientific, laboratory and gyms.</text>
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                  <text>&lt;p&gt;The Towarzystwo Łączności z Polonią Zagraniczną "Polonia” Collection is an assortment of photographs created by the Ministry of Internal Affairs in communist Poland sent to the United States’ “Polonia,” or, areas or countries with a significant community of Poles outside of Poland. These photographs, most likely sent out in series, date from the 1960s to the early 1970s.  The University at Buffalo’s collection is made up of 32 folders containing 461 photographs that pertain to an assortment of topics highlighting Poland’s cultural, historical, technological and industrial advances, especially during the period of communist rule. The University at Buffalo Libraries have digitized these photographs and have attempted to maintain the original order of the series.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;This collection of propaganda photographs portrays selections of Polish culture, meant to show the country in the most advantageous fashion. Series in the collection include photographs of famous professors, actors, and musicians. There are also series featuring important industrial, historical and educational institutions, including bustling, modern cities and relaxing vacation destinations, according to the Polish Ministry of Internal Affairs.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;This collection was created by the &lt;em&gt;Towarzystwo Łączności z Polonią Zagraniczną "Polonia,”&lt;/em&gt; which translates to the &lt;em&gt;Society for Foreign Liaison with Poles, “Polonia.”&lt;/em&gt; This group wanted to establish a relationship between Polish people at home and abroad. The Towarzystwo Łączności z Polonią Zagraniczną "Polonia” and the Ministry of Internal Affairs in communist Poland aimed to give a broad and positive overview of life in Poland for those who emigrated and those with Polish heritage.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The photographs themselves were taken by the &lt;em&gt;Centralna Agencja Fotograficzna&lt;/em&gt; which translates to the &lt;em&gt;Central Photographic Agency&lt;/em&gt;. This agency operated from 1951 to 1991 and released millions of photographs.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Historians have noted that during this time in Poland, there was a “propaganda of success.” This meant “[m]edia reporting bloated domestic economic results and political accomplishments and glowingly described the party leader’s close contacts with foreign heads of state. Never had Poland’s stature in the international community been so great, propaganda repeated” (Taras, 1984, p. 145). This tone of flawless accomplishment appears to have bled into this collection. Many of the photograph descriptions boast Poland’s accomplishments while ignoring serious economic, cultural and societal problems.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p&gt;Works Cited&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Narodowe Archiwum Cyfrowe. (2015). &lt;em&gt;Centralna Agencja Fotograficzna.&lt;/em&gt; Retrieved from &lt;a href="http://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&amp;amp;sl=pl&amp;amp;u=http://www.nac.gov.pl/caf&amp;amp;prev=search"&gt;http://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&amp;amp;sl=pl&amp;amp;u=http://www.nac.gov.pl/caf&amp;amp;prev=search&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Nitschke, B. (December 2012). Działalność towarzystwa łączności z Polonią zagraniczną „Polonia” wobec polskiej emigracji w latach 1955-1970. &lt;em&gt;Annales UMCS, Sectio K (Politologia),&lt;/em&gt; &lt;em&gt;19&lt;/em&gt;(1): 159–185. DOI: 10.2478/v10226-012-0007-9.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Taras, R. (1984). &lt;em&gt;Ideology in a socialist state.&lt;/em&gt; Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.&lt;/p&gt;</text>
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                <text>Elementary Schools in Poland, no. 4</text>
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                <text>1965</text>
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                <text>CAF/1965</text>
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                <text>Oto pierwsza 1000-latka . Zbudowano ją w Czeladzi (woj. katowickie). Dziś dzieci woj. katowickiego mają  już 115 szkół 1000-lecia. Jedna z nich, zbudowana w Dobrodzieniu, powstała przy dużym udziale Polonii Amerykańskiej, która przekazała w sumie na fundusz budowy szkół 46 tys. dolarów.</text>
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                <text>This is the first 1,000-year-old [school]. It was built in Czeladź (Katowice province). Today, the children in the Katowice province have 115 schools that are already 1000 years old. One of them, built in Dobrodzień, was established with a large share from the Polish American, who gave a total construction fund of 46 thousand dollars to the schools.</text>
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                <text>Czeladż, Katowice Province</text>
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                <text>&lt;a href="https://rightsstatements.org/page/NoC-US/1.0/"&gt;NO COPYRIGHT – UNITED STATES&lt;/a&gt;. The organization that has made the Item available believes that the Item is in the Public Domain under the laws of the United States, but a determination was not made as to its copyright status under the copyright laws of other countries. The Item may not be in the Public Domain under the laws of other countries. Please refer to the organization that has made the Item available for more information.</text>
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                  <text>&lt;p&gt;The Towarzystwo Łączności z Polonią Zagraniczną "Polonia” Collection is an assortment of photographs created by the Ministry of Internal Affairs in communist Poland sent to the United States’ “Polonia,” or, areas or countries with a significant community of Poles outside of Poland. These photographs, most likely sent out in series, date from the 1960s to the early 1970s.  The University at Buffalo’s collection is made up of 32 folders containing 461 photographs that pertain to an assortment of topics highlighting Poland’s cultural, historical, technological and industrial advances, especially during the period of communist rule. The University at Buffalo Libraries have digitized these photographs and have attempted to maintain the original order of the series.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;This collection of propaganda photographs portrays selections of Polish culture, meant to show the country in the most advantageous fashion. Series in the collection include photographs of famous professors, actors, and musicians. There are also series featuring important industrial, historical and educational institutions, including bustling, modern cities and relaxing vacation destinations, according to the Polish Ministry of Internal Affairs.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;This collection was created by the &lt;em&gt;Towarzystwo Łączności z Polonią Zagraniczną "Polonia,”&lt;/em&gt; which translates to the &lt;em&gt;Society for Foreign Liaison with Poles, “Polonia.”&lt;/em&gt; This group wanted to establish a relationship between Polish people at home and abroad. The Towarzystwo Łączności z Polonią Zagraniczną "Polonia” and the Ministry of Internal Affairs in communist Poland aimed to give a broad and positive overview of life in Poland for those who emigrated and those with Polish heritage.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The photographs themselves were taken by the &lt;em&gt;Centralna Agencja Fotograficzna&lt;/em&gt; which translates to the &lt;em&gt;Central Photographic Agency&lt;/em&gt;. This agency operated from 1951 to 1991 and released millions of photographs.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Historians have noted that during this time in Poland, there was a “propaganda of success.” This meant “[m]edia reporting bloated domestic economic results and political accomplishments and glowingly described the party leader’s close contacts with foreign heads of state. Never had Poland’s stature in the international community been so great, propaganda repeated” (Taras, 1984, p. 145). This tone of flawless accomplishment appears to have bled into this collection. Many of the photograph descriptions boast Poland’s accomplishments while ignoring serious economic, cultural and societal problems.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p&gt;Works Cited&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Narodowe Archiwum Cyfrowe. (2015). &lt;em&gt;Centralna Agencja Fotograficzna.&lt;/em&gt; Retrieved from &lt;a href="http://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&amp;amp;sl=pl&amp;amp;u=http://www.nac.gov.pl/caf&amp;amp;prev=search"&gt;http://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&amp;amp;sl=pl&amp;amp;u=http://www.nac.gov.pl/caf&amp;amp;prev=search&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Nitschke, B. (December 2012). Działalność towarzystwa łączności z Polonią zagraniczną „Polonia” wobec polskiej emigracji w latach 1955-1970. &lt;em&gt;Annales UMCS, Sectio K (Politologia),&lt;/em&gt; &lt;em&gt;19&lt;/em&gt;(1): 159–185. DOI: 10.2478/v10226-012-0007-9.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Taras, R. (1984). &lt;em&gt;Ideology in a socialist state.&lt;/em&gt; Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.&lt;/p&gt;</text>
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                <text>Pierwsi odpowiedzieli na apel Władysława Gomułki śląscy górnicy. Poświęcili niedzielny wypoczynek, a pieniądze za wydobyty węgiel przeznaczyli na społeczny fundusz budowy szkół 1000-lecia.</text>
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                <text>The first responded to the call of Wladyslaw Gomulka Silesian miners. Spent Sunday rest, and the money for the mined coal dedicate to the social fund school construction 1000 years.</text>
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                <text>W dniu 25 stycznia wszyscy górnicy pracują na budowe szkół -pomników 1000 - lecia państwa polskiego.</text>
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                <text>On January 25, all the miners are working to build schools-monuments 1000 - Anniversary of the Polish state.</text>
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                  <text>&lt;p&gt;The Towarzystwo Łączności z Polonią Zagraniczną "Polonia” Collection is an assortment of photographs created by the Ministry of Internal Affairs in communist Poland sent to the United States’ “Polonia,” or, areas or countries with a significant community of Poles outside of Poland. These photographs, most likely sent out in series, date from the 1960s to the early 1970s.  The University at Buffalo’s collection is made up of 32 folders containing 461 photographs that pertain to an assortment of topics highlighting Poland’s cultural, historical, technological and industrial advances, especially during the period of communist rule. The University at Buffalo Libraries have digitized these photographs and have attempted to maintain the original order of the series.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;This collection of propaganda photographs portrays selections of Polish culture, meant to show the country in the most advantageous fashion. Series in the collection include photographs of famous professors, actors, and musicians. There are also series featuring important industrial, historical and educational institutions, including bustling, modern cities and relaxing vacation destinations, according to the Polish Ministry of Internal Affairs.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;This collection was created by the &lt;em&gt;Towarzystwo Łączności z Polonią Zagraniczną "Polonia,”&lt;/em&gt; which translates to the &lt;em&gt;Society for Foreign Liaison with Poles, “Polonia.”&lt;/em&gt; This group wanted to establish a relationship between Polish people at home and abroad. The Towarzystwo Łączności z Polonią Zagraniczną "Polonia” and the Ministry of Internal Affairs in communist Poland aimed to give a broad and positive overview of life in Poland for those who emigrated and those with Polish heritage.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The photographs themselves were taken by the &lt;em&gt;Centralna Agencja Fotograficzna&lt;/em&gt; which translates to the &lt;em&gt;Central Photographic Agency&lt;/em&gt;. This agency operated from 1951 to 1991 and released millions of photographs.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Historians have noted that during this time in Poland, there was a “propaganda of success.” This meant “[m]edia reporting bloated domestic economic results and political accomplishments and glowingly described the party leader’s close contacts with foreign heads of state. Never had Poland’s stature in the international community been so great, propaganda repeated” (Taras, 1984, p. 145). This tone of flawless accomplishment appears to have bled into this collection. Many of the photograph descriptions boast Poland’s accomplishments while ignoring serious economic, cultural and societal problems.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p&gt;Works Cited&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Narodowe Archiwum Cyfrowe. (2015). &lt;em&gt;Centralna Agencja Fotograficzna.&lt;/em&gt; Retrieved from &lt;a href="http://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&amp;amp;sl=pl&amp;amp;u=http://www.nac.gov.pl/caf&amp;amp;prev=search"&gt;http://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&amp;amp;sl=pl&amp;amp;u=http://www.nac.gov.pl/caf&amp;amp;prev=search&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Nitschke, B. (December 2012). Działalność towarzystwa łączności z Polonią zagraniczną „Polonia” wobec polskiej emigracji w latach 1955-1970. &lt;em&gt;Annales UMCS, Sectio K (Politologia),&lt;/em&gt; &lt;em&gt;19&lt;/em&gt;(1): 159–185. DOI: 10.2478/v10226-012-0007-9.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Taras, R. (1984). &lt;em&gt;Ideology in a socialist state.&lt;/em&gt; Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.&lt;/p&gt;</text>
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                <text>Elementary Schools in Poland, no. 2</text>
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                <text>CAF/1965</text>
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                <text>Wojna nie oszczędziła również szkół. Leżały w gruzach, brak było sprzętu i wyposażenia. Dzieci czekały na szkoły, a w niejednej z ocalałych, w takich właśnie warunkach rozpoczynano rok szkolny 1945/46. Fundusze państwowe nie wystarczały - konieczna była pomoc całego społeczeństwa. W końcu 1958 roku I sekretarz KC PZPR -Władyslaw Gomułka wysunął hasło: ,"Wysiłkiem całego narodu zbudujemy tysiąc szkół na tysiąclecie''. Obiegło ono cały kraj i przyniosło w ciągu 7 Iat 8 mld 100 mln zł. We wrześniu 1965 roku oddano do użytku tysięczną szkołę - pomnik 1000-lecia Państwa Polskiego. W tysiącu szkół znalazło się blisko 9200 sal lekcyjnych. 427 nowych szkół powstało w miastach, a 573 na wsiach.</text>
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                <text>The war did not spare the schools. They lay in ruins, there was a lack of equipment and facilities. Children waiting for the school, and many a survivor, in such conditions started the school year 1945-1946. State funding is not enough - it was necessary to help the whole society. At the end of 1958 years and secretary of the Communist Party Central Committee Wladyslaw Gomulka stepped-password:, "an effort of the whole nation will build a thousand schools in the millennium.'' It went round the whole country and brought within 7 Fiat 8 billion 100 million zł. In September 1965 was put into operation thousandth of a school - a monument to the 1000 anniversary of the Polish State. in a thousand schools were close to 9,200 classrooms. 427 new schools established in cities and 573 villages.</text>
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                <text>Education -- Schools -- Poland </text>
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                <text> School children -- Poland </text>
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                <text> Children and war -- Poland</text>
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                <text>&lt;a href="https://rightsstatements.org/page/NoC-US/1.0/"&gt;NO COPYRIGHT – UNITED STATES&lt;/a&gt;. The organization that has made the Item available believes that the Item is in the Public Domain under the laws of the United States, but a determination was not made as to its copyright status under the copyright laws of other countries. The Item may not be in the Public Domain under the laws of other countries. Please refer to the organization that has made the Item available for more information.</text>
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                  <text>&lt;p&gt;The Towarzystwo Łączności z Polonią Zagraniczną "Polonia” Collection is an assortment of photographs created by the Ministry of Internal Affairs in communist Poland sent to the United States’ “Polonia,” or, areas or countries with a significant community of Poles outside of Poland. These photographs, most likely sent out in series, date from the 1960s to the early 1970s.  The University at Buffalo’s collection is made up of 32 folders containing 461 photographs that pertain to an assortment of topics highlighting Poland’s cultural, historical, technological and industrial advances, especially during the period of communist rule. The University at Buffalo Libraries have digitized these photographs and have attempted to maintain the original order of the series.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;This collection of propaganda photographs portrays selections of Polish culture, meant to show the country in the most advantageous fashion. Series in the collection include photographs of famous professors, actors, and musicians. There are also series featuring important industrial, historical and educational institutions, including bustling, modern cities and relaxing vacation destinations, according to the Polish Ministry of Internal Affairs.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;This collection was created by the &lt;em&gt;Towarzystwo Łączności z Polonią Zagraniczną "Polonia,”&lt;/em&gt; which translates to the &lt;em&gt;Society for Foreign Liaison with Poles, “Polonia.”&lt;/em&gt; This group wanted to establish a relationship between Polish people at home and abroad. The Towarzystwo Łączności z Polonią Zagraniczną "Polonia” and the Ministry of Internal Affairs in communist Poland aimed to give a broad and positive overview of life in Poland for those who emigrated and those with Polish heritage.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The photographs themselves were taken by the &lt;em&gt;Centralna Agencja Fotograficzna&lt;/em&gt; which translates to the &lt;em&gt;Central Photographic Agency&lt;/em&gt;. This agency operated from 1951 to 1991 and released millions of photographs.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Historians have noted that during this time in Poland, there was a “propaganda of success.” This meant “[m]edia reporting bloated domestic economic results and political accomplishments and glowingly described the party leader’s close contacts with foreign heads of state. Never had Poland’s stature in the international community been so great, propaganda repeated” (Taras, 1984, p. 145). This tone of flawless accomplishment appears to have bled into this collection. Many of the photograph descriptions boast Poland’s accomplishments while ignoring serious economic, cultural and societal problems.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p&gt;Works Cited&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Narodowe Archiwum Cyfrowe. (2015). &lt;em&gt;Centralna Agencja Fotograficzna.&lt;/em&gt; Retrieved from &lt;a href="http://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&amp;amp;sl=pl&amp;amp;u=http://www.nac.gov.pl/caf&amp;amp;prev=search"&gt;http://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&amp;amp;sl=pl&amp;amp;u=http://www.nac.gov.pl/caf&amp;amp;prev=search&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Nitschke, B. (December 2012). Działalność towarzystwa łączności z Polonią zagraniczną „Polonia” wobec polskiej emigracji w latach 1955-1970. &lt;em&gt;Annales UMCS, Sectio K (Politologia),&lt;/em&gt; &lt;em&gt;19&lt;/em&gt;(1): 159–185. DOI: 10.2478/v10226-012-0007-9.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Taras, R. (1984). &lt;em&gt;Ideology in a socialist state.&lt;/em&gt; Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.&lt;/p&gt;</text>
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                <text>Schools and Universities of Poland, no. 14</text>
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                <text>Ponieważ większość młodzieży studiującej, mieszka w domach akademickich, problem zapewnienia im odpowiednich warunków do nauki, był przez wiele lat jednym z najtrudniejszych. Sytuacja ta ulega z roku na rok poprawie. W ostatnich latach wybudowano 40 nowych domów dla studentów. Na zdj.: (u góry)
dom akademicki w Łodzi, (u dołu) obiad w stołówce.</text>
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academic home in Lodz, (bottom) lunch in the cafeteria.</text>
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                  <text>&lt;p&gt;The Towarzystwo Łączności z Polonią Zagraniczną "Polonia” Collection is an assortment of photographs created by the Ministry of Internal Affairs in communist Poland sent to the United States’ “Polonia,” or, areas or countries with a significant community of Poles outside of Poland. These photographs, most likely sent out in series, date from the 1960s to the early 1970s.  The University at Buffalo’s collection is made up of 32 folders containing 461 photographs that pertain to an assortment of topics highlighting Poland’s cultural, historical, technological and industrial advances, especially during the period of communist rule. The University at Buffalo Libraries have digitized these photographs and have attempted to maintain the original order of the series.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;This collection of propaganda photographs portrays selections of Polish culture, meant to show the country in the most advantageous fashion. Series in the collection include photographs of famous professors, actors, and musicians. There are also series featuring important industrial, historical and educational institutions, including bustling, modern cities and relaxing vacation destinations, according to the Polish Ministry of Internal Affairs.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;This collection was created by the &lt;em&gt;Towarzystwo Łączności z Polonią Zagraniczną "Polonia,”&lt;/em&gt; which translates to the &lt;em&gt;Society for Foreign Liaison with Poles, “Polonia.”&lt;/em&gt; This group wanted to establish a relationship between Polish people at home and abroad. The Towarzystwo Łączności z Polonią Zagraniczną "Polonia” and the Ministry of Internal Affairs in communist Poland aimed to give a broad and positive overview of life in Poland for those who emigrated and those with Polish heritage.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The photographs themselves were taken by the &lt;em&gt;Centralna Agencja Fotograficzna&lt;/em&gt; which translates to the &lt;em&gt;Central Photographic Agency&lt;/em&gt;. This agency operated from 1951 to 1991 and released millions of photographs.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Historians have noted that during this time in Poland, there was a “propaganda of success.” This meant “[m]edia reporting bloated domestic economic results and political accomplishments and glowingly described the party leader’s close contacts with foreign heads of state. Never had Poland’s stature in the international community been so great, propaganda repeated” (Taras, 1984, p. 145). This tone of flawless accomplishment appears to have bled into this collection. Many of the photograph descriptions boast Poland’s accomplishments while ignoring serious economic, cultural and societal problems.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p&gt;Works Cited&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Narodowe Archiwum Cyfrowe. (2015). &lt;em&gt;Centralna Agencja Fotograficzna.&lt;/em&gt; Retrieved from &lt;a href="http://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&amp;amp;sl=pl&amp;amp;u=http://www.nac.gov.pl/caf&amp;amp;prev=search"&gt;http://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&amp;amp;sl=pl&amp;amp;u=http://www.nac.gov.pl/caf&amp;amp;prev=search&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Nitschke, B. (December 2012). Działalność towarzystwa łączności z Polonią zagraniczną „Polonia” wobec polskiej emigracji w latach 1955-1970. &lt;em&gt;Annales UMCS, Sectio K (Politologia),&lt;/em&gt; &lt;em&gt;19&lt;/em&gt;(1): 159–185. DOI: 10.2478/v10226-012-0007-9.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Taras, R. (1984). &lt;em&gt;Ideology in a socialist state.&lt;/em&gt; Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.&lt;/p&gt;</text>
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                <text>Schools and Universities of Poland, no. 13</text>
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                <text>Lublin - pierwsza powojenna stolica Polski Ludowej, to także ośrodek akademicki. Już w 1944 roku utworzono tam uniwersytet, nazwany imieniem słynnej polskiej uczonej: Marii Skłodowskiej-Curie. W ciągu 25 lat wykształciło się na nim wielu specjalistów i pracowników nauki. Drugą wyższą uczelnią w tym mieście jest Katolicki Uniwersytet Ludowy na zdjęciu: fragment jednego z budynków uniwersytetu im. Marii Skłodowskiej-Curie.</text>
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                <text>Lublin - the first post-war capital of the Polish People's Republic, it is also an academic center. Already in 1944 there was created a university, named after the famous Polish scientist: Maria Sklodowska-Curie. In the 25 years it has developed into a number of specialists and scientists. The second institution of higher education in the city is the Catholic University of the People in the photo: a fragment of one of the university buildings. Maria Sklodowska-Curie.</text>
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                <text>Uniwersytet Marii Curie-Skłodowskiej </text>
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                <text> College students -- Poland -- Lublin</text>
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                <text>Lublin, Marie Curie Universiy</text>
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                <text>&lt;a href="https://rightsstatements.org/page/NoC-US/1.0/"&gt;NO COPYRIGHT – UNITED STATES&lt;/a&gt;. The organization that has made the Item available believes that the Item is in the Public Domain under the laws of the United States, but a determination was not made as to its copyright status under the copyright laws of other countries. The Item may not be in the Public Domain under the laws of other countries. Please refer to the organization that has made the Item available for more information.</text>
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                  <text>&lt;p&gt;The Towarzystwo Łączności z Polonią Zagraniczną "Polonia” Collection is an assortment of photographs created by the Ministry of Internal Affairs in communist Poland sent to the United States’ “Polonia,” or, areas or countries with a significant community of Poles outside of Poland. These photographs, most likely sent out in series, date from the 1960s to the early 1970s.  The University at Buffalo’s collection is made up of 32 folders containing 461 photographs that pertain to an assortment of topics highlighting Poland’s cultural, historical, technological and industrial advances, especially during the period of communist rule. The University at Buffalo Libraries have digitized these photographs and have attempted to maintain the original order of the series.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;This collection of propaganda photographs portrays selections of Polish culture, meant to show the country in the most advantageous fashion. Series in the collection include photographs of famous professors, actors, and musicians. There are also series featuring important industrial, historical and educational institutions, including bustling, modern cities and relaxing vacation destinations, according to the Polish Ministry of Internal Affairs.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;This collection was created by the &lt;em&gt;Towarzystwo Łączności z Polonią Zagraniczną "Polonia,”&lt;/em&gt; which translates to the &lt;em&gt;Society for Foreign Liaison with Poles, “Polonia.”&lt;/em&gt; This group wanted to establish a relationship between Polish people at home and abroad. The Towarzystwo Łączności z Polonią Zagraniczną "Polonia” and the Ministry of Internal Affairs in communist Poland aimed to give a broad and positive overview of life in Poland for those who emigrated and those with Polish heritage.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The photographs themselves were taken by the &lt;em&gt;Centralna Agencja Fotograficzna&lt;/em&gt; which translates to the &lt;em&gt;Central Photographic Agency&lt;/em&gt;. This agency operated from 1951 to 1991 and released millions of photographs.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Historians have noted that during this time in Poland, there was a “propaganda of success.” This meant “[m]edia reporting bloated domestic economic results and political accomplishments and glowingly described the party leader’s close contacts with foreign heads of state. Never had Poland’s stature in the international community been so great, propaganda repeated” (Taras, 1984, p. 145). This tone of flawless accomplishment appears to have bled into this collection. Many of the photograph descriptions boast Poland’s accomplishments while ignoring serious economic, cultural and societal problems.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p&gt;Works Cited&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Narodowe Archiwum Cyfrowe. (2015). &lt;em&gt;Centralna Agencja Fotograficzna.&lt;/em&gt; Retrieved from &lt;a href="http://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&amp;amp;sl=pl&amp;amp;u=http://www.nac.gov.pl/caf&amp;amp;prev=search"&gt;http://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&amp;amp;sl=pl&amp;amp;u=http://www.nac.gov.pl/caf&amp;amp;prev=search&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Nitschke, B. (December 2012). Działalność towarzystwa łączności z Polonią zagraniczną „Polonia” wobec polskiej emigracji w latach 1955-1970. &lt;em&gt;Annales UMCS, Sectio K (Politologia),&lt;/em&gt; &lt;em&gt;19&lt;/em&gt;(1): 159–185. DOI: 10.2478/v10226-012-0007-9.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Taras, R. (1984). &lt;em&gt;Ideology in a socialist state.&lt;/em&gt; Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.&lt;/p&gt;</text>
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                <text>Schools and Universities of Poland, no. 12</text>
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                <text>Szybki rozwój oświaty rolnej i wprowadzenie nowoczesnych metod gospodarowania, stworzyły w Polsce duże zapotrzebowanie na fachowców w tej dziedzinie. Na istniejących 7 wyższych uczelniach rolniczych studiuje około 19 tysięcy osób, w większości synów chłopów. Na zdj.: Ironton gmachu Wyższej Szkoły Rolniczej w Szczecinie.</text>
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                <text>The rapid development of agricultural education and the introduction of modern methods of farming in Poland created a great demand for professionals in this field. In the 7 existing agricultural universities, about 19,000 people are studying, mostly children of peasants. In the photo: Ironton building of the University of Agriculture in Szczecin.</text>
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                <text> Akademia Rolnicza w Szczecini </text>
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                <text> Wyższa Szkoła Rolnicza w Szczecinie </text>
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                <text>University of Agriculture in Szczecin.</text>
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                  <text>&lt;p&gt;The Towarzystwo Łączności z Polonią Zagraniczną "Polonia” Collection is an assortment of photographs created by the Ministry of Internal Affairs in communist Poland sent to the United States’ “Polonia,” or, areas or countries with a significant community of Poles outside of Poland. These photographs, most likely sent out in series, date from the 1960s to the early 1970s.  The University at Buffalo’s collection is made up of 32 folders containing 461 photographs that pertain to an assortment of topics highlighting Poland’s cultural, historical, technological and industrial advances, especially during the period of communist rule. The University at Buffalo Libraries have digitized these photographs and have attempted to maintain the original order of the series.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;This collection of propaganda photographs portrays selections of Polish culture, meant to show the country in the most advantageous fashion. Series in the collection include photographs of famous professors, actors, and musicians. There are also series featuring important industrial, historical and educational institutions, including bustling, modern cities and relaxing vacation destinations, according to the Polish Ministry of Internal Affairs.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;This collection was created by the &lt;em&gt;Towarzystwo Łączności z Polonią Zagraniczną "Polonia,”&lt;/em&gt; which translates to the &lt;em&gt;Society for Foreign Liaison with Poles, “Polonia.”&lt;/em&gt; This group wanted to establish a relationship between Polish people at home and abroad. The Towarzystwo Łączności z Polonią Zagraniczną "Polonia” and the Ministry of Internal Affairs in communist Poland aimed to give a broad and positive overview of life in Poland for those who emigrated and those with Polish heritage.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The photographs themselves were taken by the &lt;em&gt;Centralna Agencja Fotograficzna&lt;/em&gt; which translates to the &lt;em&gt;Central Photographic Agency&lt;/em&gt;. This agency operated from 1951 to 1991 and released millions of photographs.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Historians have noted that during this time in Poland, there was a “propaganda of success.” This meant “[m]edia reporting bloated domestic economic results and political accomplishments and glowingly described the party leader’s close contacts with foreign heads of state. Never had Poland’s stature in the international community been so great, propaganda repeated” (Taras, 1984, p. 145). This tone of flawless accomplishment appears to have bled into this collection. Many of the photograph descriptions boast Poland’s accomplishments while ignoring serious economic, cultural and societal problems.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p&gt;Works Cited&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Narodowe Archiwum Cyfrowe. (2015). &lt;em&gt;Centralna Agencja Fotograficzna.&lt;/em&gt; Retrieved from &lt;a href="http://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&amp;amp;sl=pl&amp;amp;u=http://www.nac.gov.pl/caf&amp;amp;prev=search"&gt;http://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&amp;amp;sl=pl&amp;amp;u=http://www.nac.gov.pl/caf&amp;amp;prev=search&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Nitschke, B. (December 2012). Działalność towarzystwa łączności z Polonią zagraniczną „Polonia” wobec polskiej emigracji w latach 1955-1970. &lt;em&gt;Annales UMCS, Sectio K (Politologia),&lt;/em&gt; &lt;em&gt;19&lt;/em&gt;(1): 159–185. DOI: 10.2478/v10226-012-0007-9.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Taras, R. (1984). &lt;em&gt;Ideology in a socialist state.&lt;/em&gt; Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.&lt;/p&gt;</text>
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                <text>Na studia do Polski, przyjeżdża coraz więcej młodych ludzi polskiego pochodzenia. Nie wszyscy, ze względu na warunki materialne, mogą kształcić się w krajach swego zamieszkania. W Polsce nauka jest bezpłatna. Otoczeni serdeczną opieką  - szczególnie ze strony Towarzystwa POLONIA - zdobywają w kraju ojców wykształcenie. Na zdj.: Denis Marciniak z Francji, student Politechniki Warszawskiej.</text>
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                <text>To study in Poland, attracting more and more young people of Polish origin. Not all of them, because of the material conditions, may be educated in their countries of residence. In Poland, the study is free. Surrounded by warm care - particularly from the Polonia Society - earn at the home of the fathers of education. In the photo.: Denis Marciniak from France, Warsaw University of Technology student.</text>
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                <text>College students -- Poland -- Warsaw </text>
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                <text> Politechnika Warszawska</text>
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                <text>&lt;a href="https://rightsstatements.org/page/NoC-US/1.0/"&gt;NO COPYRIGHT – UNITED STATES&lt;/a&gt;. The organization that has made the Item available believes that the Item is in the Public Domain under the laws of the United States, but a determination was not made as to its copyright status under the copyright laws of other countries. The Item may not be in the Public Domain under the laws of other countries. Please refer to the organization that has made the Item available for more information.</text>
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                  <text>&lt;p&gt;The Towarzystwo Łączności z Polonią Zagraniczną "Polonia” Collection is an assortment of photographs created by the Ministry of Internal Affairs in communist Poland sent to the United States’ “Polonia,” or, areas or countries with a significant community of Poles outside of Poland. These photographs, most likely sent out in series, date from the 1960s to the early 1970s.  The University at Buffalo’s collection is made up of 32 folders containing 461 photographs that pertain to an assortment of topics highlighting Poland’s cultural, historical, technological and industrial advances, especially during the period of communist rule. The University at Buffalo Libraries have digitized these photographs and have attempted to maintain the original order of the series.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;This collection of propaganda photographs portrays selections of Polish culture, meant to show the country in the most advantageous fashion. Series in the collection include photographs of famous professors, actors, and musicians. There are also series featuring important industrial, historical and educational institutions, including bustling, modern cities and relaxing vacation destinations, according to the Polish Ministry of Internal Affairs.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;This collection was created by the &lt;em&gt;Towarzystwo Łączności z Polonią Zagraniczną "Polonia,”&lt;/em&gt; which translates to the &lt;em&gt;Society for Foreign Liaison with Poles, “Polonia.”&lt;/em&gt; This group wanted to establish a relationship between Polish people at home and abroad. The Towarzystwo Łączności z Polonią Zagraniczną "Polonia” and the Ministry of Internal Affairs in communist Poland aimed to give a broad and positive overview of life in Poland for those who emigrated and those with Polish heritage.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The photographs themselves were taken by the &lt;em&gt;Centralna Agencja Fotograficzna&lt;/em&gt; which translates to the &lt;em&gt;Central Photographic Agency&lt;/em&gt;. This agency operated from 1951 to 1991 and released millions of photographs.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Historians have noted that during this time in Poland, there was a “propaganda of success.” This meant “[m]edia reporting bloated domestic economic results and political accomplishments and glowingly described the party leader’s close contacts with foreign heads of state. Never had Poland’s stature in the international community been so great, propaganda repeated” (Taras, 1984, p. 145). This tone of flawless accomplishment appears to have bled into this collection. Many of the photograph descriptions boast Poland’s accomplishments while ignoring serious economic, cultural and societal problems.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p&gt;Works Cited&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Narodowe Archiwum Cyfrowe. (2015). &lt;em&gt;Centralna Agencja Fotograficzna.&lt;/em&gt; Retrieved from &lt;a href="http://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&amp;amp;sl=pl&amp;amp;u=http://www.nac.gov.pl/caf&amp;amp;prev=search"&gt;http://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&amp;amp;sl=pl&amp;amp;u=http://www.nac.gov.pl/caf&amp;amp;prev=search&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Nitschke, B. (December 2012). Działalność towarzystwa łączności z Polonią zagraniczną „Polonia” wobec polskiej emigracji w latach 1955-1970. &lt;em&gt;Annales UMCS, Sectio K (Politologia),&lt;/em&gt; &lt;em&gt;19&lt;/em&gt;(1): 159–185. DOI: 10.2478/v10226-012-0007-9.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Taras, R. (1984). &lt;em&gt;Ideology in a socialist state.&lt;/em&gt; Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.&lt;/p&gt;</text>
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                <text>Wrocław ma 8 wyższych uczelni. Obok Warszawy i Krakowa, jest to największy
ośrodek akademicki w kraju. Studiuje tam ponad 30 tysięcy młodzieży. Na zdjęciu: gmach Uniwersytetu, pięknie usytuowany nad Odrą.</text>
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                <text>Wrocław has eight universities. Next to Warsaw and Krakow, it is the largest 
academic center in the country. Studying there for over 30,000 youth. Photo: University building, beautifully situated on the Oder.</text>
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                  <text>&lt;p&gt;The Towarzystwo Łączności z Polonią Zagraniczną "Polonia” Collection is an assortment of photographs created by the Ministry of Internal Affairs in communist Poland sent to the United States’ “Polonia,” or, areas or countries with a significant community of Poles outside of Poland. These photographs, most likely sent out in series, date from the 1960s to the early 1970s.  The University at Buffalo’s collection is made up of 32 folders containing 461 photographs that pertain to an assortment of topics highlighting Poland’s cultural, historical, technological and industrial advances, especially during the period of communist rule. The University at Buffalo Libraries have digitized these photographs and have attempted to maintain the original order of the series.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;This collection of propaganda photographs portrays selections of Polish culture, meant to show the country in the most advantageous fashion. Series in the collection include photographs of famous professors, actors, and musicians. There are also series featuring important industrial, historical and educational institutions, including bustling, modern cities and relaxing vacation destinations, according to the Polish Ministry of Internal Affairs.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;This collection was created by the &lt;em&gt;Towarzystwo Łączności z Polonią Zagraniczną "Polonia,”&lt;/em&gt; which translates to the &lt;em&gt;Society for Foreign Liaison with Poles, “Polonia.”&lt;/em&gt; This group wanted to establish a relationship between Polish people at home and abroad. The Towarzystwo Łączności z Polonią Zagraniczną "Polonia” and the Ministry of Internal Affairs in communist Poland aimed to give a broad and positive overview of life in Poland for those who emigrated and those with Polish heritage.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The photographs themselves were taken by the &lt;em&gt;Centralna Agencja Fotograficzna&lt;/em&gt; which translates to the &lt;em&gt;Central Photographic Agency&lt;/em&gt;. This agency operated from 1951 to 1991 and released millions of photographs.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Historians have noted that during this time in Poland, there was a “propaganda of success.” This meant “[m]edia reporting bloated domestic economic results and political accomplishments and glowingly described the party leader’s close contacts with foreign heads of state. Never had Poland’s stature in the international community been so great, propaganda repeated” (Taras, 1984, p. 145). This tone of flawless accomplishment appears to have bled into this collection. Many of the photograph descriptions boast Poland’s accomplishments while ignoring serious economic, cultural and societal problems.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p&gt;Works Cited&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Narodowe Archiwum Cyfrowe. (2015). &lt;em&gt;Centralna Agencja Fotograficzna.&lt;/em&gt; Retrieved from &lt;a href="http://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&amp;amp;sl=pl&amp;amp;u=http://www.nac.gov.pl/caf&amp;amp;prev=search"&gt;http://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&amp;amp;sl=pl&amp;amp;u=http://www.nac.gov.pl/caf&amp;amp;prev=search&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Nitschke, B. (December 2012). Działalność towarzystwa łączności z Polonią zagraniczną „Polonia” wobec polskiej emigracji w latach 1955-1970. &lt;em&gt;Annales UMCS, Sectio K (Politologia),&lt;/em&gt; &lt;em&gt;19&lt;/em&gt;(1): 159–185. DOI: 10.2478/v10226-012-0007-9.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Taras, R. (1984). &lt;em&gt;Ideology in a socialist state.&lt;/em&gt; Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.&lt;/p&gt;</text>
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                <text>Schools and Universities of Poland, no. 10</text>
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                <text>Doroczne Juwenalia, święto młodzieży studenckiej, odbyły się jak co roku, w czerwcu. We wszystkich miastach akademickich Polski, przeciągały ulicami rozbawione korowody "przebierańiców". Na zdj.: okupowany przez młodzież w czasie Juwenaliów, pomnik Adama Mickiewicza na Rynku w Krakowie.</text>
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                <text>Juwenalia annual festival of student youth were held as every year, in June. In all cities of Polish academic, dragged through the streets amused pageants "przebierańiców". In the photo: Occupied by young people during the student holidays, the monument of Adam Mickiewicz Square in Krakow.</text>
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                <text>Adam Mickiewiz statue in Krakow</text>
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                <text>&lt;a href="https://rightsstatements.org/page/NoC-US/1.0/"&gt;NO COPYRIGHT – UNITED STATES&lt;/a&gt;. The organization that has made the Item available believes that the Item is in the Public Domain under the laws of the United States, but a determination was not made as to its copyright status under the copyright laws of other countries. The Item may not be in the Public Domain under the laws of other countries. Please refer to the organization that has made the Item available for more information.</text>
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                  <text>&lt;p&gt;The Towarzystwo Łączności z Polonią Zagraniczną "Polonia” Collection is an assortment of photographs created by the Ministry of Internal Affairs in communist Poland sent to the United States’ “Polonia,” or, areas or countries with a significant community of Poles outside of Poland. These photographs, most likely sent out in series, date from the 1960s to the early 1970s.  The University at Buffalo’s collection is made up of 32 folders containing 461 photographs that pertain to an assortment of topics highlighting Poland’s cultural, historical, technological and industrial advances, especially during the period of communist rule. The University at Buffalo Libraries have digitized these photographs and have attempted to maintain the original order of the series.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;This collection of propaganda photographs portrays selections of Polish culture, meant to show the country in the most advantageous fashion. Series in the collection include photographs of famous professors, actors, and musicians. There are also series featuring important industrial, historical and educational institutions, including bustling, modern cities and relaxing vacation destinations, according to the Polish Ministry of Internal Affairs.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;This collection was created by the &lt;em&gt;Towarzystwo Łączności z Polonią Zagraniczną "Polonia,”&lt;/em&gt; which translates to the &lt;em&gt;Society for Foreign Liaison with Poles, “Polonia.”&lt;/em&gt; This group wanted to establish a relationship between Polish people at home and abroad. The Towarzystwo Łączności z Polonią Zagraniczną "Polonia” and the Ministry of Internal Affairs in communist Poland aimed to give a broad and positive overview of life in Poland for those who emigrated and those with Polish heritage.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The photographs themselves were taken by the &lt;em&gt;Centralna Agencja Fotograficzna&lt;/em&gt; which translates to the &lt;em&gt;Central Photographic Agency&lt;/em&gt;. This agency operated from 1951 to 1991 and released millions of photographs.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Historians have noted that during this time in Poland, there was a “propaganda of success.” This meant “[m]edia reporting bloated domestic economic results and political accomplishments and glowingly described the party leader’s close contacts with foreign heads of state. Never had Poland’s stature in the international community been so great, propaganda repeated” (Taras, 1984, p. 145). This tone of flawless accomplishment appears to have bled into this collection. Many of the photograph descriptions boast Poland’s accomplishments while ignoring serious economic, cultural and societal problems.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p&gt;Works Cited&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Narodowe Archiwum Cyfrowe. (2015). &lt;em&gt;Centralna Agencja Fotograficzna.&lt;/em&gt; Retrieved from &lt;a href="http://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&amp;amp;sl=pl&amp;amp;u=http://www.nac.gov.pl/caf&amp;amp;prev=search"&gt;http://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&amp;amp;sl=pl&amp;amp;u=http://www.nac.gov.pl/caf&amp;amp;prev=search&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Nitschke, B. (December 2012). Działalność towarzystwa łączności z Polonią zagraniczną „Polonia” wobec polskiej emigracji w latach 1955-1970. &lt;em&gt;Annales UMCS, Sectio K (Politologia),&lt;/em&gt; &lt;em&gt;19&lt;/em&gt;(1): 159–185. DOI: 10.2478/v10226-012-0007-9.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Taras, R. (1984). &lt;em&gt;Ideology in a socialist state.&lt;/em&gt; Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.&lt;/p&gt;</text>
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                <text>Kluby studenckie w Polsce spełniają ważną rolę nie tylko w upowszechnianiu kultury, ale także jako kuźnia często naprawdę dużych i oryginalnych talentów (np. Ewa Demarczyk z krakowskiej piwnicy "Pod Baranami"). Pomieszczenia klubowe interesująco urządzone i zaplanowane przez samych studentów są ulubionym miejscem spotkań młodzieży akademickiej.</text>
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                <text>Student Clubs in Poland have an important role not only in the dissemination of culture, but also as a hotbed of often really big and original talent (eg Eve Demarczyk of the Krakow cellar "Under the Rams'). Club rooms decorated interestingly and planned by the students themselves, they are a favorite meeting place for students.</text>
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                  <text>&lt;p&gt;The Towarzystwo Łączności z Polonią Zagraniczną "Polonia” Collection is an assortment of photographs created by the Ministry of Internal Affairs in communist Poland sent to the United States’ “Polonia,” or, areas or countries with a significant community of Poles outside of Poland. These photographs, most likely sent out in series, date from the 1960s to the early 1970s.  The University at Buffalo’s collection is made up of 32 folders containing 461 photographs that pertain to an assortment of topics highlighting Poland’s cultural, historical, technological and industrial advances, especially during the period of communist rule. The University at Buffalo Libraries have digitized these photographs and have attempted to maintain the original order of the series.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;This collection of propaganda photographs portrays selections of Polish culture, meant to show the country in the most advantageous fashion. Series in the collection include photographs of famous professors, actors, and musicians. There are also series featuring important industrial, historical and educational institutions, including bustling, modern cities and relaxing vacation destinations, according to the Polish Ministry of Internal Affairs.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;This collection was created by the &lt;em&gt;Towarzystwo Łączności z Polonią Zagraniczną "Polonia,”&lt;/em&gt; which translates to the &lt;em&gt;Society for Foreign Liaison with Poles, “Polonia.”&lt;/em&gt; This group wanted to establish a relationship between Polish people at home and abroad. The Towarzystwo Łączności z Polonią Zagraniczną "Polonia” and the Ministry of Internal Affairs in communist Poland aimed to give a broad and positive overview of life in Poland for those who emigrated and those with Polish heritage.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The photographs themselves were taken by the &lt;em&gt;Centralna Agencja Fotograficzna&lt;/em&gt; which translates to the &lt;em&gt;Central Photographic Agency&lt;/em&gt;. This agency operated from 1951 to 1991 and released millions of photographs.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Historians have noted that during this time in Poland, there was a “propaganda of success.” This meant “[m]edia reporting bloated domestic economic results and political accomplishments and glowingly described the party leader’s close contacts with foreign heads of state. Never had Poland’s stature in the international community been so great, propaganda repeated” (Taras, 1984, p. 145). This tone of flawless accomplishment appears to have bled into this collection. Many of the photograph descriptions boast Poland’s accomplishments while ignoring serious economic, cultural and societal problems.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p&gt;Works Cited&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Narodowe Archiwum Cyfrowe. (2015). &lt;em&gt;Centralna Agencja Fotograficzna.&lt;/em&gt; Retrieved from &lt;a href="http://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&amp;amp;sl=pl&amp;amp;u=http://www.nac.gov.pl/caf&amp;amp;prev=search"&gt;http://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&amp;amp;sl=pl&amp;amp;u=http://www.nac.gov.pl/caf&amp;amp;prev=search&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Nitschke, B. (December 2012). Działalność towarzystwa łączności z Polonią zagraniczną „Polonia” wobec polskiej emigracji w latach 1955-1970. &lt;em&gt;Annales UMCS, Sectio K (Politologia),&lt;/em&gt; &lt;em&gt;19&lt;/em&gt;(1): 159–185. DOI: 10.2478/v10226-012-0007-9.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Taras, R. (1984). &lt;em&gt;Ideology in a socialist state.&lt;/em&gt; Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.&lt;/p&gt;</text>
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                <text>Państwowa Szkoła Morska w Gdyni i Szczecinie otrzymały w
1968 roku prawa wyższych uczelni. Absolwenci - to oficerowie
naszej floty handlowej. Na zdj.: grupa "młodych wilków
morskich" przed budynkiem szkoły.</text>
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                <text>State Maritime School in Gdynia and Szczecin received in 
1968 of law universities. Graduates - that officers 
our merchant fleet. In the photo: A group of "young wolves 
marine" in front of the school.</text>
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                <text>Akademia Morska w Szczecinie </text>
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                  <text>&lt;p&gt;The Towarzystwo Łączności z Polonią Zagraniczną "Polonia” Collection is an assortment of photographs created by the Ministry of Internal Affairs in communist Poland sent to the United States’ “Polonia,” or, areas or countries with a significant community of Poles outside of Poland. These photographs, most likely sent out in series, date from the 1960s to the early 1970s.  The University at Buffalo’s collection is made up of 32 folders containing 461 photographs that pertain to an assortment of topics highlighting Poland’s cultural, historical, technological and industrial advances, especially during the period of communist rule. The University at Buffalo Libraries have digitized these photographs and have attempted to maintain the original order of the series.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;This collection of propaganda photographs portrays selections of Polish culture, meant to show the country in the most advantageous fashion. Series in the collection include photographs of famous professors, actors, and musicians. There are also series featuring important industrial, historical and educational institutions, including bustling, modern cities and relaxing vacation destinations, according to the Polish Ministry of Internal Affairs.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;This collection was created by the &lt;em&gt;Towarzystwo Łączności z Polonią Zagraniczną "Polonia,”&lt;/em&gt; which translates to the &lt;em&gt;Society for Foreign Liaison with Poles, “Polonia.”&lt;/em&gt; This group wanted to establish a relationship between Polish people at home and abroad. The Towarzystwo Łączności z Polonią Zagraniczną "Polonia” and the Ministry of Internal Affairs in communist Poland aimed to give a broad and positive overview of life in Poland for those who emigrated and those with Polish heritage.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The photographs themselves were taken by the &lt;em&gt;Centralna Agencja Fotograficzna&lt;/em&gt; which translates to the &lt;em&gt;Central Photographic Agency&lt;/em&gt;. This agency operated from 1951 to 1991 and released millions of photographs.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Historians have noted that during this time in Poland, there was a “propaganda of success.” This meant “[m]edia reporting bloated domestic economic results and political accomplishments and glowingly described the party leader’s close contacts with foreign heads of state. Never had Poland’s stature in the international community been so great, propaganda repeated” (Taras, 1984, p. 145). This tone of flawless accomplishment appears to have bled into this collection. Many of the photograph descriptions boast Poland’s accomplishments while ignoring serious economic, cultural and societal problems.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p&gt;Works Cited&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Narodowe Archiwum Cyfrowe. (2015). &lt;em&gt;Centralna Agencja Fotograficzna.&lt;/em&gt; Retrieved from &lt;a href="http://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&amp;amp;sl=pl&amp;amp;u=http://www.nac.gov.pl/caf&amp;amp;prev=search"&gt;http://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&amp;amp;sl=pl&amp;amp;u=http://www.nac.gov.pl/caf&amp;amp;prev=search&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Nitschke, B. (December 2012). Działalność towarzystwa łączności z Polonią zagraniczną „Polonia” wobec polskiej emigracji w latach 1955-1970. &lt;em&gt;Annales UMCS, Sectio K (Politologia),&lt;/em&gt; &lt;em&gt;19&lt;/em&gt;(1): 159–185. DOI: 10.2478/v10226-012-0007-9.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Taras, R. (1984). &lt;em&gt;Ideology in a socialist state.&lt;/em&gt; Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.&lt;/p&gt;</text>
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uczelni - Szkoła lnżynierska w Zielonej Górze.</text>
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                <text>All provincial capitals in Poland today are academic centers. In a photo. Ironton one of the youngest senior University - School lnżynierska in Zielona Gora.</text>
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&lt;p&gt;This collection of propaganda photographs portrays selections of Polish culture, meant to show the country in the most advantageous fashion. Series in the collection include photographs of famous professors, actors, and musicians. There are also series featuring important industrial, historical and educational institutions, including bustling, modern cities and relaxing vacation destinations, according to the Polish Ministry of Internal Affairs.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;This collection was created by the &lt;em&gt;Towarzystwo Łączności z Polonią Zagraniczną "Polonia,”&lt;/em&gt; which translates to the &lt;em&gt;Society for Foreign Liaison with Poles, “Polonia.”&lt;/em&gt; This group wanted to establish a relationship between Polish people at home and abroad. The Towarzystwo Łączności z Polonią Zagraniczną "Polonia” and the Ministry of Internal Affairs in communist Poland aimed to give a broad and positive overview of life in Poland for those who emigrated and those with Polish heritage.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The photographs themselves were taken by the &lt;em&gt;Centralna Agencja Fotograficzna&lt;/em&gt; which translates to the &lt;em&gt;Central Photographic Agency&lt;/em&gt;. This agency operated from 1951 to 1991 and released millions of photographs.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Historians have noted that during this time in Poland, there was a “propaganda of success.” This meant “[m]edia reporting bloated domestic economic results and political accomplishments and glowingly described the party leader’s close contacts with foreign heads of state. Never had Poland’s stature in the international community been so great, propaganda repeated” (Taras, 1984, p. 145). This tone of flawless accomplishment appears to have bled into this collection. Many of the photograph descriptions boast Poland’s accomplishments while ignoring serious economic, cultural and societal problems.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p&gt;Works Cited&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Narodowe Archiwum Cyfrowe. (2015). &lt;em&gt;Centralna Agencja Fotograficzna.&lt;/em&gt; Retrieved from &lt;a href="http://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&amp;amp;sl=pl&amp;amp;u=http://www.nac.gov.pl/caf&amp;amp;prev=search"&gt;http://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&amp;amp;sl=pl&amp;amp;u=http://www.nac.gov.pl/caf&amp;amp;prev=search&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Nitschke, B. (December 2012). Działalność towarzystwa łączności z Polonią zagraniczną „Polonia” wobec polskiej emigracji w latach 1955-1970. &lt;em&gt;Annales UMCS, Sectio K (Politologia),&lt;/em&gt; &lt;em&gt;19&lt;/em&gt;(1): 159–185. DOI: 10.2478/v10226-012-0007-9.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Taras, R. (1984). &lt;em&gt;Ideology in a socialist state.&lt;/em&gt; Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.&lt;/p&gt;</text>
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                <text>Łódzka Szkoła Filmowa - jedyna w kraju i jedna z niewielu na świecie- istnieje już
wiele lat. Wykładowcami są tam wybitni ludzie filmu polskiego. Z jej szeregów wyszli łacy twórcy jak: A. Wayda, J. Kawalerowicz, A. Munk i wielu innych. Na zdjęciu: ćwiczenia praktyczne przyszłych operatorów</text>
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                <text>Lodz Film School - the only one in the country and one of the few in the world- there are already many years. The teachers there are outstanding people of Polish film. From their ranks came the directors Lacy A. Wayda, J. Kawalerowicz, A. Munk and many others. Pictured: practical exercises future operators</text>
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                <text> on the streets of Lodz.</text>
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                <text>Państwowa Wyższa Szkoła Filmowa, Telewizyjna i Teatralna im. Leona Schillera w Łodzi </text>
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                  <text>&lt;p&gt;The Towarzystwo Łączności z Polonią Zagraniczną "Polonia” Collection is an assortment of photographs created by the Ministry of Internal Affairs in communist Poland sent to the United States’ “Polonia,” or, areas or countries with a significant community of Poles outside of Poland. These photographs, most likely sent out in series, date from the 1960s to the early 1970s.  The University at Buffalo’s collection is made up of 32 folders containing 461 photographs that pertain to an assortment of topics highlighting Poland’s cultural, historical, technological and industrial advances, especially during the period of communist rule. The University at Buffalo Libraries have digitized these photographs and have attempted to maintain the original order of the series.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;This collection of propaganda photographs portrays selections of Polish culture, meant to show the country in the most advantageous fashion. Series in the collection include photographs of famous professors, actors, and musicians. There are also series featuring important industrial, historical and educational institutions, including bustling, modern cities and relaxing vacation destinations, according to the Polish Ministry of Internal Affairs.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;This collection was created by the &lt;em&gt;Towarzystwo Łączności z Polonią Zagraniczną "Polonia,”&lt;/em&gt; which translates to the &lt;em&gt;Society for Foreign Liaison with Poles, “Polonia.”&lt;/em&gt; This group wanted to establish a relationship between Polish people at home and abroad. The Towarzystwo Łączności z Polonią Zagraniczną "Polonia” and the Ministry of Internal Affairs in communist Poland aimed to give a broad and positive overview of life in Poland for those who emigrated and those with Polish heritage.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The photographs themselves were taken by the &lt;em&gt;Centralna Agencja Fotograficzna&lt;/em&gt; which translates to the &lt;em&gt;Central Photographic Agency&lt;/em&gt;. This agency operated from 1951 to 1991 and released millions of photographs.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Historians have noted that during this time in Poland, there was a “propaganda of success.” This meant “[m]edia reporting bloated domestic economic results and political accomplishments and glowingly described the party leader’s close contacts with foreign heads of state. Never had Poland’s stature in the international community been so great, propaganda repeated” (Taras, 1984, p. 145). This tone of flawless accomplishment appears to have bled into this collection. Many of the photograph descriptions boast Poland’s accomplishments while ignoring serious economic, cultural and societal problems.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p&gt;Works Cited&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Narodowe Archiwum Cyfrowe. (2015). &lt;em&gt;Centralna Agencja Fotograficzna.&lt;/em&gt; Retrieved from &lt;a href="http://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&amp;amp;sl=pl&amp;amp;u=http://www.nac.gov.pl/caf&amp;amp;prev=search"&gt;http://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&amp;amp;sl=pl&amp;amp;u=http://www.nac.gov.pl/caf&amp;amp;prev=search&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Nitschke, B. (December 2012). Działalność towarzystwa łączności z Polonią zagraniczną „Polonia” wobec polskiej emigracji w latach 1955-1970. &lt;em&gt;Annales UMCS, Sectio K (Politologia),&lt;/em&gt; &lt;em&gt;19&lt;/em&gt;(1): 159–185. DOI: 10.2478/v10226-012-0007-9.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Taras, R. (1984). &lt;em&gt;Ideology in a socialist state.&lt;/em&gt; Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.&lt;/p&gt;</text>
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                <text>Mamy w Polsce 10 Akademii Medycznych. Studiuje na nich około 32 tysięcy osób (łącznie medycyna, stomatologia i farmacja). Co roku prawie 3 tysiące młodych z dyplomami zasila kadry lekarskie w szpitalach, klinikach, ośrodkach zdrowia i przychodniach. Na zdjęciu: gmach Akademii Medycznej w Białymstoku.</text>
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                <text>We have 10 Medical Academy in Poland. Studying at them about 32 thousand people (including medicine, dentistry and pharmacy). Every year, almost 3,000 young people with diplomas supply medical staff in hospitals, clinics, health centers and clinics. Pictured: the building of the Medical University of Bialystok.</text>
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                  <text>&lt;p&gt;The Towarzystwo Łączności z Polonią Zagraniczną "Polonia” Collection is an assortment of photographs created by the Ministry of Internal Affairs in communist Poland sent to the United States’ “Polonia,” or, areas or countries with a significant community of Poles outside of Poland. These photographs, most likely sent out in series, date from the 1960s to the early 1970s.  The University at Buffalo’s collection is made up of 32 folders containing 461 photographs that pertain to an assortment of topics highlighting Poland’s cultural, historical, technological and industrial advances, especially during the period of communist rule. The University at Buffalo Libraries have digitized these photographs and have attempted to maintain the original order of the series.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;This collection of propaganda photographs portrays selections of Polish culture, meant to show the country in the most advantageous fashion. Series in the collection include photographs of famous professors, actors, and musicians. There are also series featuring important industrial, historical and educational institutions, including bustling, modern cities and relaxing vacation destinations, according to the Polish Ministry of Internal Affairs.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;This collection was created by the &lt;em&gt;Towarzystwo Łączności z Polonią Zagraniczną "Polonia,”&lt;/em&gt; which translates to the &lt;em&gt;Society for Foreign Liaison with Poles, “Polonia.”&lt;/em&gt; This group wanted to establish a relationship between Polish people at home and abroad. The Towarzystwo Łączności z Polonią Zagraniczną "Polonia” and the Ministry of Internal Affairs in communist Poland aimed to give a broad and positive overview of life in Poland for those who emigrated and those with Polish heritage.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The photographs themselves were taken by the &lt;em&gt;Centralna Agencja Fotograficzna&lt;/em&gt; which translates to the &lt;em&gt;Central Photographic Agency&lt;/em&gt;. This agency operated from 1951 to 1991 and released millions of photographs.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Historians have noted that during this time in Poland, there was a “propaganda of success.” This meant “[m]edia reporting bloated domestic economic results and political accomplishments and glowingly described the party leader’s close contacts with foreign heads of state. Never had Poland’s stature in the international community been so great, propaganda repeated” (Taras, 1984, p. 145). This tone of flawless accomplishment appears to have bled into this collection. Many of the photograph descriptions boast Poland’s accomplishments while ignoring serious economic, cultural and societal problems.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p&gt;Works Cited&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Narodowe Archiwum Cyfrowe. (2015). &lt;em&gt;Centralna Agencja Fotograficzna.&lt;/em&gt; Retrieved from &lt;a href="http://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&amp;amp;sl=pl&amp;amp;u=http://www.nac.gov.pl/caf&amp;amp;prev=search"&gt;http://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&amp;amp;sl=pl&amp;amp;u=http://www.nac.gov.pl/caf&amp;amp;prev=search&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Nitschke, B. (December 2012). Działalność towarzystwa łączności z Polonią zagraniczną „Polonia” wobec polskiej emigracji w latach 1955-1970. &lt;em&gt;Annales UMCS, Sectio K (Politologia),&lt;/em&gt; &lt;em&gt;19&lt;/em&gt;(1): 159–185. DOI: 10.2478/v10226-012-0007-9.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Taras, R. (1984). &lt;em&gt;Ideology in a socialist state.&lt;/em&gt; Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.&lt;/p&gt;</text>
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                <text>Politechnika Śląska w Gliwicach (powołana w 1945 r.) jest największą techniczną uczelnią tego regionu. W 1967 r. otworzyła podwoje druga śląska uczelnia - Uniwersytet w Katowicach. Na zdjęciu: sala wykładowa na Politechnice w Gliwicach.</text>
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                <text>Silesian University of Technology (established in 1945) is the largest technical university in the region. In 1967, he opened the doors to the second Silesian university - University in Katowice. Pictured: lecture hall at the University of Technology in Gliwice.</text>
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                  <text>&lt;p&gt;The Towarzystwo Łączności z Polonią Zagraniczną "Polonia” Collection is an assortment of photographs created by the Ministry of Internal Affairs in communist Poland sent to the United States’ “Polonia,” or, areas or countries with a significant community of Poles outside of Poland. These photographs, most likely sent out in series, date from the 1960s to the early 1970s.  The University at Buffalo’s collection is made up of 32 folders containing 461 photographs that pertain to an assortment of topics highlighting Poland’s cultural, historical, technological and industrial advances, especially during the period of communist rule. The University at Buffalo Libraries have digitized these photographs and have attempted to maintain the original order of the series.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;This collection of propaganda photographs portrays selections of Polish culture, meant to show the country in the most advantageous fashion. Series in the collection include photographs of famous professors, actors, and musicians. There are also series featuring important industrial, historical and educational institutions, including bustling, modern cities and relaxing vacation destinations, according to the Polish Ministry of Internal Affairs.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;This collection was created by the &lt;em&gt;Towarzystwo Łączności z Polonią Zagraniczną "Polonia,”&lt;/em&gt; which translates to the &lt;em&gt;Society for Foreign Liaison with Poles, “Polonia.”&lt;/em&gt; This group wanted to establish a relationship between Polish people at home and abroad. The Towarzystwo Łączności z Polonią Zagraniczną "Polonia” and the Ministry of Internal Affairs in communist Poland aimed to give a broad and positive overview of life in Poland for those who emigrated and those with Polish heritage.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The photographs themselves were taken by the &lt;em&gt;Centralna Agencja Fotograficzna&lt;/em&gt; which translates to the &lt;em&gt;Central Photographic Agency&lt;/em&gt;. This agency operated from 1951 to 1991 and released millions of photographs.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Historians have noted that during this time in Poland, there was a “propaganda of success.” This meant “[m]edia reporting bloated domestic economic results and political accomplishments and glowingly described the party leader’s close contacts with foreign heads of state. Never had Poland’s stature in the international community been so great, propaganda repeated” (Taras, 1984, p. 145). This tone of flawless accomplishment appears to have bled into this collection. Many of the photograph descriptions boast Poland’s accomplishments while ignoring serious economic, cultural and societal problems.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p&gt;Works Cited&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Narodowe Archiwum Cyfrowe. (2015). &lt;em&gt;Centralna Agencja Fotograficzna.&lt;/em&gt; Retrieved from &lt;a href="http://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&amp;amp;sl=pl&amp;amp;u=http://www.nac.gov.pl/caf&amp;amp;prev=search"&gt;http://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&amp;amp;sl=pl&amp;amp;u=http://www.nac.gov.pl/caf&amp;amp;prev=search&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Nitschke, B. (December 2012). Działalność towarzystwa łączności z Polonią zagraniczną „Polonia” wobec polskiej emigracji w latach 1955-1970. &lt;em&gt;Annales UMCS, Sectio K (Politologia),&lt;/em&gt; &lt;em&gt;19&lt;/em&gt;(1): 159–185. DOI: 10.2478/v10226-012-0007-9.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Taras, R. (1984). &lt;em&gt;Ideology in a socialist state.&lt;/em&gt; Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.&lt;/p&gt;</text>
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                <text>Schools and Universities of Poland, no. 3</text>
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                <text>Akademia Górniczo-Hutnicza w Krakowie (zał. w 1919 r.) była i jest jedyną wyższą uczelnią w kraju, która kształci młodzież w dwóch podstawowych kierunkach - górniczym i hutniczym. Z szeregów jej absolwentów wywodzi się kadra specjalistyczna kopalń i hut. Na zdjęciu: fronton gmachu.</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="467435">
                <text>Academy of Mining and Metallurgy in Krakow (est. 1919) was and is the only institution of higher education in the country, which educates young people in two basic directions - mining and metallurgy. From the ranks of its alumni derived specialized personnel mines and steel mills. Pictured: front of the building.</text>
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                <text>Akademia Górniczo-Hutnicza w Krakowie -- Poland -- Krakow </text>
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                <text> Mining schools and education -- Poland -- Krakow </text>
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                <text> Metallurgy -- Study and teaching -- Poland -- Krakow</text>
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                <text>Academy of Mining and Metallurgy in Krakow</text>
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                <text>&lt;a href="https://rightsstatements.org/page/NoC-US/1.0/"&gt;NO COPYRIGHT – UNITED STATES&lt;/a&gt;. The organization that has made the Item available believes that the Item is in the Public Domain under the laws of the United States, but a determination was not made as to its copyright status under the copyright laws of other countries. The Item may not be in the Public Domain under the laws of other countries. Please refer to the organization that has made the Item available for more information.</text>
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                  <text>&lt;p&gt;The Towarzystwo Łączności z Polonią Zagraniczną "Polonia” Collection is an assortment of photographs created by the Ministry of Internal Affairs in communist Poland sent to the United States’ “Polonia,” or, areas or countries with a significant community of Poles outside of Poland. These photographs, most likely sent out in series, date from the 1960s to the early 1970s.  The University at Buffalo’s collection is made up of 32 folders containing 461 photographs that pertain to an assortment of topics highlighting Poland’s cultural, historical, technological and industrial advances, especially during the period of communist rule. The University at Buffalo Libraries have digitized these photographs and have attempted to maintain the original order of the series.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;This collection of propaganda photographs portrays selections of Polish culture, meant to show the country in the most advantageous fashion. Series in the collection include photographs of famous professors, actors, and musicians. There are also series featuring important industrial, historical and educational institutions, including bustling, modern cities and relaxing vacation destinations, according to the Polish Ministry of Internal Affairs.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;This collection was created by the &lt;em&gt;Towarzystwo Łączności z Polonią Zagraniczną "Polonia,”&lt;/em&gt; which translates to the &lt;em&gt;Society for Foreign Liaison with Poles, “Polonia.”&lt;/em&gt; This group wanted to establish a relationship between Polish people at home and abroad. The Towarzystwo Łączności z Polonią Zagraniczną "Polonia” and the Ministry of Internal Affairs in communist Poland aimed to give a broad and positive overview of life in Poland for those who emigrated and those with Polish heritage.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The photographs themselves were taken by the &lt;em&gt;Centralna Agencja Fotograficzna&lt;/em&gt; which translates to the &lt;em&gt;Central Photographic Agency&lt;/em&gt;. This agency operated from 1951 to 1991 and released millions of photographs.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Historians have noted that during this time in Poland, there was a “propaganda of success.” This meant “[m]edia reporting bloated domestic economic results and political accomplishments and glowingly described the party leader’s close contacts with foreign heads of state. Never had Poland’s stature in the international community been so great, propaganda repeated” (Taras, 1984, p. 145). This tone of flawless accomplishment appears to have bled into this collection. Many of the photograph descriptions boast Poland’s accomplishments while ignoring serious economic, cultural and societal problems.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p&gt;Works Cited&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Narodowe Archiwum Cyfrowe. (2015). &lt;em&gt;Centralna Agencja Fotograficzna.&lt;/em&gt; Retrieved from &lt;a href="http://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&amp;amp;sl=pl&amp;amp;u=http://www.nac.gov.pl/caf&amp;amp;prev=search"&gt;http://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&amp;amp;sl=pl&amp;amp;u=http://www.nac.gov.pl/caf&amp;amp;prev=search&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Nitschke, B. (December 2012). Działalność towarzystwa łączności z Polonią zagraniczną „Polonia” wobec polskiej emigracji w latach 1955-1970. &lt;em&gt;Annales UMCS, Sectio K (Politologia),&lt;/em&gt; &lt;em&gt;19&lt;/em&gt;(1): 159–185. DOI: 10.2478/v10226-012-0007-9.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Taras, R. (1984). &lt;em&gt;Ideology in a socialist state.&lt;/em&gt; Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.&lt;/p&gt;</text>
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                <text>Uniwersytet im. Mikołaja Kopernika w Toruniu (zał. w 1945 r.) był pierwszą wyższą uczelnią na Pomorzu. W ostatnich latach województwo wzbogaciło się o jeszcze jedną a mianowicie - Wyższą Szkołę lnżynierską w Bydgoszczy. Na wszechnicy toruńskiej studiuje ponad 5 tysięcy młodzieży. Na zdjęciu: fragment gmachu.</text>
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                <text>University Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń (est. 1945) was the first institution of higher education in Pomerania. In recent years the region was enriched with another namely - Higher School of lnżynierską in Bydgoszcz. of the Visitors Torun studying more than 5,000 young people. In the photo: a fragment of the building.</text>
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                <text>Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Pomerania</text>
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                  <text>&lt;p&gt;The Towarzystwo Łączności z Polonią Zagraniczną "Polonia” Collection is an assortment of photographs created by the Ministry of Internal Affairs in communist Poland sent to the United States’ “Polonia,” or, areas or countries with a significant community of Poles outside of Poland. These photographs, most likely sent out in series, date from the 1960s to the early 1970s.  The University at Buffalo’s collection is made up of 32 folders containing 461 photographs that pertain to an assortment of topics highlighting Poland’s cultural, historical, technological and industrial advances, especially during the period of communist rule. The University at Buffalo Libraries have digitized these photographs and have attempted to maintain the original order of the series.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;This collection of propaganda photographs portrays selections of Polish culture, meant to show the country in the most advantageous fashion. Series in the collection include photographs of famous professors, actors, and musicians. There are also series featuring important industrial, historical and educational institutions, including bustling, modern cities and relaxing vacation destinations, according to the Polish Ministry of Internal Affairs.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;This collection was created by the &lt;em&gt;Towarzystwo Łączności z Polonią Zagraniczną "Polonia,”&lt;/em&gt; which translates to the &lt;em&gt;Society for Foreign Liaison with Poles, “Polonia.”&lt;/em&gt; This group wanted to establish a relationship between Polish people at home and abroad. The Towarzystwo Łączności z Polonią Zagraniczną "Polonia” and the Ministry of Internal Affairs in communist Poland aimed to give a broad and positive overview of life in Poland for those who emigrated and those with Polish heritage.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The photographs themselves were taken by the &lt;em&gt;Centralna Agencja Fotograficzna&lt;/em&gt; which translates to the &lt;em&gt;Central Photographic Agency&lt;/em&gt;. This agency operated from 1951 to 1991 and released millions of photographs.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Historians have noted that during this time in Poland, there was a “propaganda of success.” This meant “[m]edia reporting bloated domestic economic results and political accomplishments and glowingly described the party leader’s close contacts with foreign heads of state. Never had Poland’s stature in the international community been so great, propaganda repeated” (Taras, 1984, p. 145). This tone of flawless accomplishment appears to have bled into this collection. Many of the photograph descriptions boast Poland’s accomplishments while ignoring serious economic, cultural and societal problems.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p&gt;Works Cited&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Narodowe Archiwum Cyfrowe. (2015). &lt;em&gt;Centralna Agencja Fotograficzna.&lt;/em&gt; Retrieved from &lt;a href="http://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&amp;amp;sl=pl&amp;amp;u=http://www.nac.gov.pl/caf&amp;amp;prev=search"&gt;http://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&amp;amp;sl=pl&amp;amp;u=http://www.nac.gov.pl/caf&amp;amp;prev=search&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Nitschke, B. (December 2012). Działalność towarzystwa łączności z Polonią zagraniczną „Polonia” wobec polskiej emigracji w latach 1955-1970. &lt;em&gt;Annales UMCS, Sectio K (Politologia),&lt;/em&gt; &lt;em&gt;19&lt;/em&gt;(1): 159–185. DOI: 10.2478/v10226-012-0007-9.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Taras, R. (1984). &lt;em&gt;Ideology in a socialist state.&lt;/em&gt; Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.&lt;/p&gt;</text>
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                <text>Uniwersytet Warszawski, najstarsza wyższa uczelnia Stolicy. (założony w 1818 r.) obchodziła 150-lecie swego istnienia. Na
10 wydziałach, łącznie na studiach dziennych, zaocznych i eksternistycznych, kształci się ponad 15 tysięcy młodzieży. Na
zdj.: fragment dziedzińca, w głębi widoczny gmach Biblioteki Uniwersyteckiej.</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="467411">
                <text>Warsaw University, the oldest university of the capital (founded in 1818) celebrated the 150th anniversary of its existence of 10 departments, including full-time, part-time and extramural
educates more than 15,000 young people. In photo.: a fragment of the courtyard, in the depths of visible library building University.</text>
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                <text> College students -- Poland -- Warsaw </text>
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                <text>Warsaw University, Warsaw</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
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                <text>&lt;a href="https://rightsstatements.org/page/NoC-US/1.0/"&gt;NO COPYRIGHT – UNITED STATES&lt;/a&gt;. The organization that has made the Item available believes that the Item is in the Public Domain under the laws of the United States, but a determination was not made as to its copyright status under the copyright laws of other countries. The Item may not be in the Public Domain under the laws of other countries. Please refer to the organization that has made the Item available for more information.</text>
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                  <text>&lt;p&gt;The Towarzystwo Łączności z Polonią Zagraniczną "Polonia” Collection is an assortment of photographs created by the Ministry of Internal Affairs in communist Poland sent to the United States’ “Polonia,” or, areas or countries with a significant community of Poles outside of Poland. These photographs, most likely sent out in series, date from the 1960s to the early 1970s.  The University at Buffalo’s collection is made up of 32 folders containing 461 photographs that pertain to an assortment of topics highlighting Poland’s cultural, historical, technological and industrial advances, especially during the period of communist rule. The University at Buffalo Libraries have digitized these photographs and have attempted to maintain the original order of the series.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;This collection of propaganda photographs portrays selections of Polish culture, meant to show the country in the most advantageous fashion. Series in the collection include photographs of famous professors, actors, and musicians. There are also series featuring important industrial, historical and educational institutions, including bustling, modern cities and relaxing vacation destinations, according to the Polish Ministry of Internal Affairs.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;This collection was created by the &lt;em&gt;Towarzystwo Łączności z Polonią Zagraniczną "Polonia,”&lt;/em&gt; which translates to the &lt;em&gt;Society for Foreign Liaison with Poles, “Polonia.”&lt;/em&gt; This group wanted to establish a relationship between Polish people at home and abroad. The Towarzystwo Łączności z Polonią Zagraniczną "Polonia” and the Ministry of Internal Affairs in communist Poland aimed to give a broad and positive overview of life in Poland for those who emigrated and those with Polish heritage.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The photographs themselves were taken by the &lt;em&gt;Centralna Agencja Fotograficzna&lt;/em&gt; which translates to the &lt;em&gt;Central Photographic Agency&lt;/em&gt;. This agency operated from 1951 to 1991 and released millions of photographs.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Historians have noted that during this time in Poland, there was a “propaganda of success.” This meant “[m]edia reporting bloated domestic economic results and political accomplishments and glowingly described the party leader’s close contacts with foreign heads of state. Never had Poland’s stature in the international community been so great, propaganda repeated” (Taras, 1984, p. 145). This tone of flawless accomplishment appears to have bled into this collection. Many of the photograph descriptions boast Poland’s accomplishments while ignoring serious economic, cultural and societal problems.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p&gt;Works Cited&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Narodowe Archiwum Cyfrowe. (2015). &lt;em&gt;Centralna Agencja Fotograficzna.&lt;/em&gt; Retrieved from &lt;a href="http://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&amp;amp;sl=pl&amp;amp;u=http://www.nac.gov.pl/caf&amp;amp;prev=search"&gt;http://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&amp;amp;sl=pl&amp;amp;u=http://www.nac.gov.pl/caf&amp;amp;prev=search&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Nitschke, B. (December 2012). Działalność towarzystwa łączności z Polonią zagraniczną „Polonia” wobec polskiej emigracji w latach 1955-1970. &lt;em&gt;Annales UMCS, Sectio K (Politologia),&lt;/em&gt; &lt;em&gt;19&lt;/em&gt;(1): 159–185. DOI: 10.2478/v10226-012-0007-9.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Taras, R. (1984). &lt;em&gt;Ideology in a socialist state.&lt;/em&gt; Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.&lt;/p&gt;</text>
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                <text>Co nowego w Polsce
Fotograficzny przegład najważniejszych wydarzeń w ostatnich trzech miesiącach. Polska na arenie międzynarodowej. Sprawy gospodarcze i społeczne. Osiągnięcia polskich naukowców i techników. Nowinki ze świata teatru i filmu. </text>
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                <text>What's new in Poland: 
Photographic overview of the major events in the past three months. Poland on the international arena. Economic and social issues. Achievements of the Polish scientists and technicians. News from the world of theater and film.</text>
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                <text>W dniu 25 stycznia wszyscy górnicy pracują na budowe szkół -pomników 1000 - lecia państwa polskiego.</text>
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                <text>On January 25, all the miners are working to build schools-monuments 1000 - Anniversary of the Polish state.</text>
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                  <text>&lt;p&gt;The Towarzystwo Łączności z Polonią Zagraniczną "Polonia” Collection is an assortment of photographs created by the Ministry of Internal Affairs in communist Poland sent to the United States’ “Polonia,” or, areas or countries with a significant community of Poles outside of Poland. These photographs, most likely sent out in series, date from the 1960s to the early 1970s.  The University at Buffalo’s collection is made up of 32 folders containing 461 photographs that pertain to an assortment of topics highlighting Poland’s cultural, historical, technological and industrial advances, especially during the period of communist rule. The University at Buffalo Libraries have digitized these photographs and have attempted to maintain the original order of the series.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;This collection of propaganda photographs portrays selections of Polish culture, meant to show the country in the most advantageous fashion. Series in the collection include photographs of famous professors, actors, and musicians. There are also series featuring important industrial, historical and educational institutions, including bustling, modern cities and relaxing vacation destinations, according to the Polish Ministry of Internal Affairs.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;This collection was created by the &lt;em&gt;Towarzystwo Łączności z Polonią Zagraniczną "Polonia,”&lt;/em&gt; which translates to the &lt;em&gt;Society for Foreign Liaison with Poles, “Polonia.”&lt;/em&gt; This group wanted to establish a relationship between Polish people at home and abroad. The Towarzystwo Łączności z Polonią Zagraniczną "Polonia” and the Ministry of Internal Affairs in communist Poland aimed to give a broad and positive overview of life in Poland for those who emigrated and those with Polish heritage.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The photographs themselves were taken by the &lt;em&gt;Centralna Agencja Fotograficzna&lt;/em&gt; which translates to the &lt;em&gt;Central Photographic Agency&lt;/em&gt;. This agency operated from 1951 to 1991 and released millions of photographs.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Historians have noted that during this time in Poland, there was a “propaganda of success.” This meant “[m]edia reporting bloated domestic economic results and political accomplishments and glowingly described the party leader’s close contacts with foreign heads of state. Never had Poland’s stature in the international community been so great, propaganda repeated” (Taras, 1984, p. 145). This tone of flawless accomplishment appears to have bled into this collection. Many of the photograph descriptions boast Poland’s accomplishments while ignoring serious economic, cultural and societal problems.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p&gt;Works Cited&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Narodowe Archiwum Cyfrowe. (2015). &lt;em&gt;Centralna Agencja Fotograficzna.&lt;/em&gt; Retrieved from &lt;a href="http://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&amp;amp;sl=pl&amp;amp;u=http://www.nac.gov.pl/caf&amp;amp;prev=search"&gt;http://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&amp;amp;sl=pl&amp;amp;u=http://www.nac.gov.pl/caf&amp;amp;prev=search&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Nitschke, B. (December 2012). Działalność towarzystwa łączności z Polonią zagraniczną „Polonia” wobec polskiej emigracji w latach 1955-1970. &lt;em&gt;Annales UMCS, Sectio K (Politologia),&lt;/em&gt; &lt;em&gt;19&lt;/em&gt;(1): 159–185. DOI: 10.2478/v10226-012-0007-9.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Taras, R. (1984). &lt;em&gt;Ideology in a socialist state.&lt;/em&gt; Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.&lt;/p&gt;</text>
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                <text>Legenda  
1. Liczby oznaczają ilość szkół 1000-lecia w poszczególnych województwach  O - szkoły polonijne </text>
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                <text>

Plansza tytułowa (mapa). </text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="467386">
                <text>Legend 
1. The numbers indicate the number of schools 1000 years in different provinces About - Community schools </text>
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                <text>

Splash screen (map).</text>
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                <text>Thematic maps -- Poland </text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="1941274">
                <text>&lt;a href="https://rightsstatements.org/page/NoC-US/1.0/"&gt;NO COPYRIGHT – UNITED STATES&lt;/a&gt;. The organization that has made the Item available believes that the Item is in the Public Domain under the laws of the United States, but a determination was not made as to its copyright status under the copyright laws of other countries. The Item may not be in the Public Domain under the laws of other countries. Please refer to the organization that has made the Item available for more information.</text>
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                  <text>&lt;p&gt;The Towarzystwo Łączności z Polonią Zagraniczną "Polonia” Collection is an assortment of photographs created by the Ministry of Internal Affairs in communist Poland sent to the United States’ “Polonia,” or, areas or countries with a significant community of Poles outside of Poland. These photographs, most likely sent out in series, date from the 1960s to the early 1970s.  The University at Buffalo’s collection is made up of 32 folders containing 461 photographs that pertain to an assortment of topics highlighting Poland’s cultural, historical, technological and industrial advances, especially during the period of communist rule. The University at Buffalo Libraries have digitized these photographs and have attempted to maintain the original order of the series.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;This collection of propaganda photographs portrays selections of Polish culture, meant to show the country in the most advantageous fashion. Series in the collection include photographs of famous professors, actors, and musicians. There are also series featuring important industrial, historical and educational institutions, including bustling, modern cities and relaxing vacation destinations, according to the Polish Ministry of Internal Affairs.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;This collection was created by the &lt;em&gt;Towarzystwo Łączności z Polonią Zagraniczną "Polonia,”&lt;/em&gt; which translates to the &lt;em&gt;Society for Foreign Liaison with Poles, “Polonia.”&lt;/em&gt; This group wanted to establish a relationship between Polish people at home and abroad. The Towarzystwo Łączności z Polonią Zagraniczną "Polonia” and the Ministry of Internal Affairs in communist Poland aimed to give a broad and positive overview of life in Poland for those who emigrated and those with Polish heritage.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The photographs themselves were taken by the &lt;em&gt;Centralna Agencja Fotograficzna&lt;/em&gt; which translates to the &lt;em&gt;Central Photographic Agency&lt;/em&gt;. This agency operated from 1951 to 1991 and released millions of photographs.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Historians have noted that during this time in Poland, there was a “propaganda of success.” This meant “[m]edia reporting bloated domestic economic results and political accomplishments and glowingly described the party leader’s close contacts with foreign heads of state. Never had Poland’s stature in the international community been so great, propaganda repeated” (Taras, 1984, p. 145). This tone of flawless accomplishment appears to have bled into this collection. Many of the photograph descriptions boast Poland’s accomplishments while ignoring serious economic, cultural and societal problems.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p&gt;Works Cited&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Narodowe Archiwum Cyfrowe. (2015). &lt;em&gt;Centralna Agencja Fotograficzna.&lt;/em&gt; Retrieved from &lt;a href="http://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&amp;amp;sl=pl&amp;amp;u=http://www.nac.gov.pl/caf&amp;amp;prev=search"&gt;http://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&amp;amp;sl=pl&amp;amp;u=http://www.nac.gov.pl/caf&amp;amp;prev=search&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Nitschke, B. (December 2012). Działalność towarzystwa łączności z Polonią zagraniczną „Polonia” wobec polskiej emigracji w latach 1955-1970. &lt;em&gt;Annales UMCS, Sectio K (Politologia),&lt;/em&gt; &lt;em&gt;19&lt;/em&gt;(1): 159–185. DOI: 10.2478/v10226-012-0007-9.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Taras, R. (1984). &lt;em&gt;Ideology in a socialist state.&lt;/em&gt; Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.&lt;/p&gt;</text>
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                <text>Polish Architecture, no. 1</text>
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                <text>Do typowych zabytków architektury przedromańskiej należą rotundy jednoapsydowe. Na zdjęciu: rotunda Św. Mikołaja z X w. w zamku Cieszyńskim.</text>
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                  <text>&lt;p&gt;The Towarzystwo Łączności z Polonią Zagraniczną "Polonia” Collection is an assortment of photographs created by the Ministry of Internal Affairs in communist Poland sent to the United States’ “Polonia,” or, areas or countries with a significant community of Poles outside of Poland. These photographs, most likely sent out in series, date from the 1960s to the early 1970s.  The University at Buffalo’s collection is made up of 32 folders containing 461 photographs that pertain to an assortment of topics highlighting Poland’s cultural, historical, technological and industrial advances, especially during the period of communist rule. The University at Buffalo Libraries have digitized these photographs and have attempted to maintain the original order of the series.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;This collection of propaganda photographs portrays selections of Polish culture, meant to show the country in the most advantageous fashion. Series in the collection include photographs of famous professors, actors, and musicians. There are also series featuring important industrial, historical and educational institutions, including bustling, modern cities and relaxing vacation destinations, according to the Polish Ministry of Internal Affairs.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;This collection was created by the &lt;em&gt;Towarzystwo Łączności z Polonią Zagraniczną "Polonia,”&lt;/em&gt; which translates to the &lt;em&gt;Society for Foreign Liaison with Poles, “Polonia.”&lt;/em&gt; This group wanted to establish a relationship between Polish people at home and abroad. The Towarzystwo Łączności z Polonią Zagraniczną "Polonia” and the Ministry of Internal Affairs in communist Poland aimed to give a broad and positive overview of life in Poland for those who emigrated and those with Polish heritage.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The photographs themselves were taken by the &lt;em&gt;Centralna Agencja Fotograficzna&lt;/em&gt; which translates to the &lt;em&gt;Central Photographic Agency&lt;/em&gt;. This agency operated from 1951 to 1991 and released millions of photographs.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Historians have noted that during this time in Poland, there was a “propaganda of success.” This meant “[m]edia reporting bloated domestic economic results and political accomplishments and glowingly described the party leader’s close contacts with foreign heads of state. Never had Poland’s stature in the international community been so great, propaganda repeated” (Taras, 1984, p. 145). This tone of flawless accomplishment appears to have bled into this collection. Many of the photograph descriptions boast Poland’s accomplishments while ignoring serious economic, cultural and societal problems.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p&gt;Works Cited&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Narodowe Archiwum Cyfrowe. (2015). &lt;em&gt;Centralna Agencja Fotograficzna.&lt;/em&gt; Retrieved from &lt;a href="http://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&amp;amp;sl=pl&amp;amp;u=http://www.nac.gov.pl/caf&amp;amp;prev=search"&gt;http://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&amp;amp;sl=pl&amp;amp;u=http://www.nac.gov.pl/caf&amp;amp;prev=search&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Nitschke, B. (December 2012). Działalność towarzystwa łączności z Polonią zagraniczną „Polonia” wobec polskiej emigracji w latach 1955-1970. &lt;em&gt;Annales UMCS, Sectio K (Politologia),&lt;/em&gt; &lt;em&gt;19&lt;/em&gt;(1): 159–185. DOI: 10.2478/v10226-012-0007-9.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Taras, R. (1984). &lt;em&gt;Ideology in a socialist state.&lt;/em&gt; Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.&lt;/p&gt;</text>
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                <text>Lidzbark Warmiński - fragment „Zamku Biskupów" z XIV w. Jeden z ładniejszych zabytków świeckiej architektury gotyckiej. Tu mieszkał i tworzył lgnacy Krasicki.</text>
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                  <text>&lt;p&gt;The Towarzystwo Łączności z Polonią Zagraniczną "Polonia” Collection is an assortment of photographs created by the Ministry of Internal Affairs in communist Poland sent to the United States’ “Polonia,” or, areas or countries with a significant community of Poles outside of Poland. These photographs, most likely sent out in series, date from the 1960s to the early 1970s.  The University at Buffalo’s collection is made up of 32 folders containing 461 photographs that pertain to an assortment of topics highlighting Poland’s cultural, historical, technological and industrial advances, especially during the period of communist rule. The University at Buffalo Libraries have digitized these photographs and have attempted to maintain the original order of the series.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;This collection of propaganda photographs portrays selections of Polish culture, meant to show the country in the most advantageous fashion. Series in the collection include photographs of famous professors, actors, and musicians. There are also series featuring important industrial, historical and educational institutions, including bustling, modern cities and relaxing vacation destinations, according to the Polish Ministry of Internal Affairs.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;This collection was created by the &lt;em&gt;Towarzystwo Łączności z Polonią Zagraniczną "Polonia,”&lt;/em&gt; which translates to the &lt;em&gt;Society for Foreign Liaison with Poles, “Polonia.”&lt;/em&gt; This group wanted to establish a relationship between Polish people at home and abroad. The Towarzystwo Łączności z Polonią Zagraniczną "Polonia” and the Ministry of Internal Affairs in communist Poland aimed to give a broad and positive overview of life in Poland for those who emigrated and those with Polish heritage.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The photographs themselves were taken by the &lt;em&gt;Centralna Agencja Fotograficzna&lt;/em&gt; which translates to the &lt;em&gt;Central Photographic Agency&lt;/em&gt;. This agency operated from 1951 to 1991 and released millions of photographs.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Historians have noted that during this time in Poland, there was a “propaganda of success.” This meant “[m]edia reporting bloated domestic economic results and political accomplishments and glowingly described the party leader’s close contacts with foreign heads of state. Never had Poland’s stature in the international community been so great, propaganda repeated” (Taras, 1984, p. 145). This tone of flawless accomplishment appears to have bled into this collection. Many of the photograph descriptions boast Poland’s accomplishments while ignoring serious economic, cultural and societal problems.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p&gt;Works Cited&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Narodowe Archiwum Cyfrowe. (2015). &lt;em&gt;Centralna Agencja Fotograficzna.&lt;/em&gt; Retrieved from &lt;a href="http://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&amp;amp;sl=pl&amp;amp;u=http://www.nac.gov.pl/caf&amp;amp;prev=search"&gt;http://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&amp;amp;sl=pl&amp;amp;u=http://www.nac.gov.pl/caf&amp;amp;prev=search&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Nitschke, B. (December 2012). Działalność towarzystwa łączności z Polonią zagraniczną „Polonia” wobec polskiej emigracji w latach 1955-1970. &lt;em&gt;Annales UMCS, Sectio K (Politologia),&lt;/em&gt; &lt;em&gt;19&lt;/em&gt;(1): 159–185. DOI: 10.2478/v10226-012-0007-9.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Taras, R. (1984). &lt;em&gt;Ideology in a socialist state.&lt;/em&gt; Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.&lt;/p&gt;</text>
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                <text>Kruszwica nad Gopłem - miejsce licznych wycieczek turystycznych. Atrakcją Kruszwicy jest „Mysia wieża" pozostałość zamku gotyckiego z początków XIV w. Z wieżą związana jest jedna z najstarszych legend „O królu Popielu którego myszy zjadły".</text>
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                <text>Kruszwica over Goplo - a place of many excursions. Kruszwica attraction is the "Mouse Tower" residue of a Gothic castle from the early fourteenth century tower is connected with one of the oldest legends "O King Popiel the mice ate."</text>
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                  <text>&lt;p&gt;The Towarzystwo Łączności z Polonią Zagraniczną "Polonia” Collection is an assortment of photographs created by the Ministry of Internal Affairs in communist Poland sent to the United States’ “Polonia,” or, areas or countries with a significant community of Poles outside of Poland. These photographs, most likely sent out in series, date from the 1960s to the early 1970s.  The University at Buffalo’s collection is made up of 32 folders containing 461 photographs that pertain to an assortment of topics highlighting Poland’s cultural, historical, technological and industrial advances, especially during the period of communist rule. The University at Buffalo Libraries have digitized these photographs and have attempted to maintain the original order of the series.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;This collection of propaganda photographs portrays selections of Polish culture, meant to show the country in the most advantageous fashion. Series in the collection include photographs of famous professors, actors, and musicians. There are also series featuring important industrial, historical and educational institutions, including bustling, modern cities and relaxing vacation destinations, according to the Polish Ministry of Internal Affairs.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;This collection was created by the &lt;em&gt;Towarzystwo Łączności z Polonią Zagraniczną "Polonia,”&lt;/em&gt; which translates to the &lt;em&gt;Society for Foreign Liaison with Poles, “Polonia.”&lt;/em&gt; This group wanted to establish a relationship between Polish people at home and abroad. The Towarzystwo Łączności z Polonią Zagraniczną "Polonia” and the Ministry of Internal Affairs in communist Poland aimed to give a broad and positive overview of life in Poland for those who emigrated and those with Polish heritage.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The photographs themselves were taken by the &lt;em&gt;Centralna Agencja Fotograficzna&lt;/em&gt; which translates to the &lt;em&gt;Central Photographic Agency&lt;/em&gt;. This agency operated from 1951 to 1991 and released millions of photographs.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Historians have noted that during this time in Poland, there was a “propaganda of success.” This meant “[m]edia reporting bloated domestic economic results and political accomplishments and glowingly described the party leader’s close contacts with foreign heads of state. Never had Poland’s stature in the international community been so great, propaganda repeated” (Taras, 1984, p. 145). This tone of flawless accomplishment appears to have bled into this collection. Many of the photograph descriptions boast Poland’s accomplishments while ignoring serious economic, cultural and societal problems.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p&gt;Works Cited&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Narodowe Archiwum Cyfrowe. (2015). &lt;em&gt;Centralna Agencja Fotograficzna.&lt;/em&gt; Retrieved from &lt;a href="http://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&amp;amp;sl=pl&amp;amp;u=http://www.nac.gov.pl/caf&amp;amp;prev=search"&gt;http://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&amp;amp;sl=pl&amp;amp;u=http://www.nac.gov.pl/caf&amp;amp;prev=search&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Nitschke, B. (December 2012). Działalność towarzystwa łączności z Polonią zagraniczną „Polonia” wobec polskiej emigracji w latach 1955-1970. &lt;em&gt;Annales UMCS, Sectio K (Politologia),&lt;/em&gt; &lt;em&gt;19&lt;/em&gt;(1): 159–185. DOI: 10.2478/v10226-012-0007-9.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Taras, R. (1984). &lt;em&gt;Ideology in a socialist state.&lt;/em&gt; Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.&lt;/p&gt;</text>
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                <text>Zamek książąt słowiańskich w Szczecinie. Zbudowany w połowie XIV w. Późniejsza rozbudowa zamku datuje się już w okresie gotyku i renesansu. Obecnie zamek jest odbudowywany.</text>
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                <text>Slavic princes Castle in Szczecin. Built in the mid-fourteenth century later expansion of the castle dates back to as early as the period of Gothic and Renaissance. Today the castle is rebuilt.</text>
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                  <text>&lt;p&gt;The Towarzystwo Łączności z Polonią Zagraniczną "Polonia” Collection is an assortment of photographs created by the Ministry of Internal Affairs in communist Poland sent to the United States’ “Polonia,” or, areas or countries with a significant community of Poles outside of Poland. These photographs, most likely sent out in series, date from the 1960s to the early 1970s.  The University at Buffalo’s collection is made up of 32 folders containing 461 photographs that pertain to an assortment of topics highlighting Poland’s cultural, historical, technological and industrial advances, especially during the period of communist rule. The University at Buffalo Libraries have digitized these photographs and have attempted to maintain the original order of the series.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;This collection of propaganda photographs portrays selections of Polish culture, meant to show the country in the most advantageous fashion. Series in the collection include photographs of famous professors, actors, and musicians. There are also series featuring important industrial, historical and educational institutions, including bustling, modern cities and relaxing vacation destinations, according to the Polish Ministry of Internal Affairs.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;This collection was created by the &lt;em&gt;Towarzystwo Łączności z Polonią Zagraniczną "Polonia,”&lt;/em&gt; which translates to the &lt;em&gt;Society for Foreign Liaison with Poles, “Polonia.”&lt;/em&gt; This group wanted to establish a relationship between Polish people at home and abroad. The Towarzystwo Łączności z Polonią Zagraniczną "Polonia” and the Ministry of Internal Affairs in communist Poland aimed to give a broad and positive overview of life in Poland for those who emigrated and those with Polish heritage.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The photographs themselves were taken by the &lt;em&gt;Centralna Agencja Fotograficzna&lt;/em&gt; which translates to the &lt;em&gt;Central Photographic Agency&lt;/em&gt;. This agency operated from 1951 to 1991 and released millions of photographs.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Historians have noted that during this time in Poland, there was a “propaganda of success.” This meant “[m]edia reporting bloated domestic economic results and political accomplishments and glowingly described the party leader’s close contacts with foreign heads of state. Never had Poland’s stature in the international community been so great, propaganda repeated” (Taras, 1984, p. 145). This tone of flawless accomplishment appears to have bled into this collection. Many of the photograph descriptions boast Poland’s accomplishments while ignoring serious economic, cultural and societal problems.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p&gt;Works Cited&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Narodowe Archiwum Cyfrowe. (2015). &lt;em&gt;Centralna Agencja Fotograficzna.&lt;/em&gt; Retrieved from &lt;a href="http://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&amp;amp;sl=pl&amp;amp;u=http://www.nac.gov.pl/caf&amp;amp;prev=search"&gt;http://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&amp;amp;sl=pl&amp;amp;u=http://www.nac.gov.pl/caf&amp;amp;prev=search&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Nitschke, B. (December 2012). Działalność towarzystwa łączności z Polonią zagraniczną „Polonia” wobec polskiej emigracji w latach 1955-1970. &lt;em&gt;Annales UMCS, Sectio K (Politologia),&lt;/em&gt; &lt;em&gt;19&lt;/em&gt;(1): 159–185. DOI: 10.2478/v10226-012-0007-9.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Taras, R. (1984). &lt;em&gt;Ideology in a socialist state.&lt;/em&gt; Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.&lt;/p&gt;</text>
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&lt;p&gt;This collection of propaganda photographs portrays selections of Polish culture, meant to show the country in the most advantageous fashion. Series in the collection include photographs of famous professors, actors, and musicians. There are also series featuring important industrial, historical and educational institutions, including bustling, modern cities and relaxing vacation destinations, according to the Polish Ministry of Internal Affairs.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;This collection was created by the &lt;em&gt;Towarzystwo Łączności z Polonią Zagraniczną "Polonia,”&lt;/em&gt; which translates to the &lt;em&gt;Society for Foreign Liaison with Poles, “Polonia.”&lt;/em&gt; This group wanted to establish a relationship between Polish people at home and abroad. The Towarzystwo Łączności z Polonią Zagraniczną "Polonia” and the Ministry of Internal Affairs in communist Poland aimed to give a broad and positive overview of life in Poland for those who emigrated and those with Polish heritage.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The photographs themselves were taken by the &lt;em&gt;Centralna Agencja Fotograficzna&lt;/em&gt; which translates to the &lt;em&gt;Central Photographic Agency&lt;/em&gt;. This agency operated from 1951 to 1991 and released millions of photographs.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Historians have noted that during this time in Poland, there was a “propaganda of success.” This meant “[m]edia reporting bloated domestic economic results and political accomplishments and glowingly described the party leader’s close contacts with foreign heads of state. Never had Poland’s stature in the international community been so great, propaganda repeated” (Taras, 1984, p. 145). This tone of flawless accomplishment appears to have bled into this collection. Many of the photograph descriptions boast Poland’s accomplishments while ignoring serious economic, cultural and societal problems.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p&gt;Works Cited&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Narodowe Archiwum Cyfrowe. (2015). &lt;em&gt;Centralna Agencja Fotograficzna.&lt;/em&gt; Retrieved from &lt;a href="http://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&amp;amp;sl=pl&amp;amp;u=http://www.nac.gov.pl/caf&amp;amp;prev=search"&gt;http://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&amp;amp;sl=pl&amp;amp;u=http://www.nac.gov.pl/caf&amp;amp;prev=search&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Nitschke, B. (December 2012). Działalność towarzystwa łączności z Polonią zagraniczną „Polonia” wobec polskiej emigracji w latach 1955-1970. &lt;em&gt;Annales UMCS, Sectio K (Politologia),&lt;/em&gt; &lt;em&gt;19&lt;/em&gt;(1): 159–185. DOI: 10.2478/v10226-012-0007-9.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Taras, R. (1984). &lt;em&gt;Ideology in a socialist state.&lt;/em&gt; Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.&lt;/p&gt;</text>
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                <text>Barbakan krakowski czyli tz. Rondel był niegdyś częścią obwarowań miejskich. Stanowił w średniowieczu duże osiągnięcie sztuki fortyfikacyjnej. Oprócz Krakowa, barbakany posiadały: Toruń, Wrocław, Szczecin i Warszawa.</text>
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                  <text>&lt;p&gt;The Towarzystwo Łączności z Polonią Zagraniczną "Polonia” Collection is an assortment of photographs created by the Ministry of Internal Affairs in communist Poland sent to the United States’ “Polonia,” or, areas or countries with a significant community of Poles outside of Poland. These photographs, most likely sent out in series, date from the 1960s to the early 1970s.  The University at Buffalo’s collection is made up of 32 folders containing 461 photographs that pertain to an assortment of topics highlighting Poland’s cultural, historical, technological and industrial advances, especially during the period of communist rule. The University at Buffalo Libraries have digitized these photographs and have attempted to maintain the original order of the series.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;This collection of propaganda photographs portrays selections of Polish culture, meant to show the country in the most advantageous fashion. Series in the collection include photographs of famous professors, actors, and musicians. There are also series featuring important industrial, historical and educational institutions, including bustling, modern cities and relaxing vacation destinations, according to the Polish Ministry of Internal Affairs.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;This collection was created by the &lt;em&gt;Towarzystwo Łączności z Polonią Zagraniczną "Polonia,”&lt;/em&gt; which translates to the &lt;em&gt;Society for Foreign Liaison with Poles, “Polonia.”&lt;/em&gt; This group wanted to establish a relationship between Polish people at home and abroad. The Towarzystwo Łączności z Polonią Zagraniczną "Polonia” and the Ministry of Internal Affairs in communist Poland aimed to give a broad and positive overview of life in Poland for those who emigrated and those with Polish heritage.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The photographs themselves were taken by the &lt;em&gt;Centralna Agencja Fotograficzna&lt;/em&gt; which translates to the &lt;em&gt;Central Photographic Agency&lt;/em&gt;. This agency operated from 1951 to 1991 and released millions of photographs.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Historians have noted that during this time in Poland, there was a “propaganda of success.” This meant “[m]edia reporting bloated domestic economic results and political accomplishments and glowingly described the party leader’s close contacts with foreign heads of state. Never had Poland’s stature in the international community been so great, propaganda repeated” (Taras, 1984, p. 145). This tone of flawless accomplishment appears to have bled into this collection. Many of the photograph descriptions boast Poland’s accomplishments while ignoring serious economic, cultural and societal problems.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p&gt;Works Cited&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Narodowe Archiwum Cyfrowe. (2015). &lt;em&gt;Centralna Agencja Fotograficzna.&lt;/em&gt; Retrieved from &lt;a href="http://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&amp;amp;sl=pl&amp;amp;u=http://www.nac.gov.pl/caf&amp;amp;prev=search"&gt;http://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&amp;amp;sl=pl&amp;amp;u=http://www.nac.gov.pl/caf&amp;amp;prev=search&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Nitschke, B. (December 2012). Działalność towarzystwa łączności z Polonią zagraniczną „Polonia” wobec polskiej emigracji w latach 1955-1970. &lt;em&gt;Annales UMCS, Sectio K (Politologia),&lt;/em&gt; &lt;em&gt;19&lt;/em&gt;(1): 159–185. DOI: 10.2478/v10226-012-0007-9.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Taras, R. (1984). &lt;em&gt;Ideology in a socialist state.&lt;/em&gt; Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.&lt;/p&gt;</text>
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                <text>Polish Architecture, no. 8</text>
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                <text>Malowniczo położony nad Wisłą barbakan warszawski.</text>
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                  <text>&lt;p&gt;The Towarzystwo Łączności z Polonią Zagraniczną "Polonia” Collection is an assortment of photographs created by the Ministry of Internal Affairs in communist Poland sent to the United States’ “Polonia,” or, areas or countries with a significant community of Poles outside of Poland. These photographs, most likely sent out in series, date from the 1960s to the early 1970s.  The University at Buffalo’s collection is made up of 32 folders containing 461 photographs that pertain to an assortment of topics highlighting Poland’s cultural, historical, technological and industrial advances, especially during the period of communist rule. The University at Buffalo Libraries have digitized these photographs and have attempted to maintain the original order of the series.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;This collection of propaganda photographs portrays selections of Polish culture, meant to show the country in the most advantageous fashion. Series in the collection include photographs of famous professors, actors, and musicians. There are also series featuring important industrial, historical and educational institutions, including bustling, modern cities and relaxing vacation destinations, according to the Polish Ministry of Internal Affairs.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;This collection was created by the &lt;em&gt;Towarzystwo Łączności z Polonią Zagraniczną "Polonia,”&lt;/em&gt; which translates to the &lt;em&gt;Society for Foreign Liaison with Poles, “Polonia.”&lt;/em&gt; This group wanted to establish a relationship between Polish people at home and abroad. The Towarzystwo Łączności z Polonią Zagraniczną "Polonia” and the Ministry of Internal Affairs in communist Poland aimed to give a broad and positive overview of life in Poland for those who emigrated and those with Polish heritage.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The photographs themselves were taken by the &lt;em&gt;Centralna Agencja Fotograficzna&lt;/em&gt; which translates to the &lt;em&gt;Central Photographic Agency&lt;/em&gt;. This agency operated from 1951 to 1991 and released millions of photographs.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Historians have noted that during this time in Poland, there was a “propaganda of success.” This meant “[m]edia reporting bloated domestic economic results and political accomplishments and glowingly described the party leader’s close contacts with foreign heads of state. Never had Poland’s stature in the international community been so great, propaganda repeated” (Taras, 1984, p. 145). This tone of flawless accomplishment appears to have bled into this collection. Many of the photograph descriptions boast Poland’s accomplishments while ignoring serious economic, cultural and societal problems.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p&gt;Works Cited&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Narodowe Archiwum Cyfrowe. (2015). &lt;em&gt;Centralna Agencja Fotograficzna.&lt;/em&gt; Retrieved from &lt;a href="http://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&amp;amp;sl=pl&amp;amp;u=http://www.nac.gov.pl/caf&amp;amp;prev=search"&gt;http://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&amp;amp;sl=pl&amp;amp;u=http://www.nac.gov.pl/caf&amp;amp;prev=search&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Nitschke, B. (December 2012). Działalność towarzystwa łączności z Polonią zagraniczną „Polonia” wobec polskiej emigracji w latach 1955-1970. &lt;em&gt;Annales UMCS, Sectio K (Politologia),&lt;/em&gt; &lt;em&gt;19&lt;/em&gt;(1): 159–185. DOI: 10.2478/v10226-012-0007-9.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Taras, R. (1984). &lt;em&gt;Ideology in a socialist state.&lt;/em&gt; Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.&lt;/p&gt;</text>
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                  <text>&lt;p&gt;The Towarzystwo Łączności z Polonią Zagraniczną "Polonia” Collection is an assortment of photographs created by the Ministry of Internal Affairs in communist Poland sent to the United States’ “Polonia,” or, areas or countries with a significant community of Poles outside of Poland. These photographs, most likely sent out in series, date from the 1960s to the early 1970s.  The University at Buffalo’s collection is made up of 32 folders containing 461 photographs that pertain to an assortment of topics highlighting Poland’s cultural, historical, technological and industrial advances, especially during the period of communist rule. The University at Buffalo Libraries have digitized these photographs and have attempted to maintain the original order of the series.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;This collection of propaganda photographs portrays selections of Polish culture, meant to show the country in the most advantageous fashion. Series in the collection include photographs of famous professors, actors, and musicians. There are also series featuring important industrial, historical and educational institutions, including bustling, modern cities and relaxing vacation destinations, according to the Polish Ministry of Internal Affairs.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;This collection was created by the &lt;em&gt;Towarzystwo Łączności z Polonią Zagraniczną "Polonia,”&lt;/em&gt; which translates to the &lt;em&gt;Society for Foreign Liaison with Poles, “Polonia.”&lt;/em&gt; This group wanted to establish a relationship between Polish people at home and abroad. The Towarzystwo Łączności z Polonią Zagraniczną "Polonia” and the Ministry of Internal Affairs in communist Poland aimed to give a broad and positive overview of life in Poland for those who emigrated and those with Polish heritage.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The photographs themselves were taken by the &lt;em&gt;Centralna Agencja Fotograficzna&lt;/em&gt; which translates to the &lt;em&gt;Central Photographic Agency&lt;/em&gt;. This agency operated from 1951 to 1991 and released millions of photographs.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Historians have noted that during this time in Poland, there was a “propaganda of success.” This meant “[m]edia reporting bloated domestic economic results and political accomplishments and glowingly described the party leader’s close contacts with foreign heads of state. Never had Poland’s stature in the international community been so great, propaganda repeated” (Taras, 1984, p. 145). This tone of flawless accomplishment appears to have bled into this collection. Many of the photograph descriptions boast Poland’s accomplishments while ignoring serious economic, cultural and societal problems.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p&gt;Works Cited&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Narodowe Archiwum Cyfrowe. (2015). &lt;em&gt;Centralna Agencja Fotograficzna.&lt;/em&gt; Retrieved from &lt;a href="http://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&amp;amp;sl=pl&amp;amp;u=http://www.nac.gov.pl/caf&amp;amp;prev=search"&gt;http://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&amp;amp;sl=pl&amp;amp;u=http://www.nac.gov.pl/caf&amp;amp;prev=search&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Nitschke, B. (December 2012). Działalność towarzystwa łączności z Polonią zagraniczną „Polonia” wobec polskiej emigracji w latach 1955-1970. &lt;em&gt;Annales UMCS, Sectio K (Politologia),&lt;/em&gt; &lt;em&gt;19&lt;/em&gt;(1): 159–185. DOI: 10.2478/v10226-012-0007-9.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Taras, R. (1984). &lt;em&gt;Ideology in a socialist state.&lt;/em&gt; Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.&lt;/p&gt;</text>
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                <text>Piękna zabytkowa Starówka gdańska została juz prawie odbudowana. Jednym z jej najcenniejszych zabytków jest Ratusz Główny zbudowany w 1378 r. - rozbudowywany w wiekach późniejszych. Na wieży renesansowy hełm ze złoconą statuą Zygmunta Augusta. U stóp ratusza studnia Neptuna. </text>
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                <text>Beautiful historic old town of Gdansk has already been almost rebuilt. One of the most valuable monuments of the Main Hall was built in 1378 - expanded in later centuries. On the tower a Renaissance helmet with a gilded statue of King Sigismund Augustus. At the foot of the town hall well Neptune.</text>
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                <text>Ratusz Głównomiejski w Gdańsku -- Poland </text>
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                <text> City halls -- Poland -- Gdańsk</text>
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                <text>Gdańsk</text>
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                  <text>&lt;p&gt;The Towarzystwo Łączności z Polonią Zagraniczną "Polonia” Collection is an assortment of photographs created by the Ministry of Internal Affairs in communist Poland sent to the United States’ “Polonia,” or, areas or countries with a significant community of Poles outside of Poland. These photographs, most likely sent out in series, date from the 1960s to the early 1970s.  The University at Buffalo’s collection is made up of 32 folders containing 461 photographs that pertain to an assortment of topics highlighting Poland’s cultural, historical, technological and industrial advances, especially during the period of communist rule. The University at Buffalo Libraries have digitized these photographs and have attempted to maintain the original order of the series.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;This collection of propaganda photographs portrays selections of Polish culture, meant to show the country in the most advantageous fashion. Series in the collection include photographs of famous professors, actors, and musicians. There are also series featuring important industrial, historical and educational institutions, including bustling, modern cities and relaxing vacation destinations, according to the Polish Ministry of Internal Affairs.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;This collection was created by the &lt;em&gt;Towarzystwo Łączności z Polonią Zagraniczną "Polonia,”&lt;/em&gt; which translates to the &lt;em&gt;Society for Foreign Liaison with Poles, “Polonia.”&lt;/em&gt; This group wanted to establish a relationship between Polish people at home and abroad. The Towarzystwo Łączności z Polonią Zagraniczną "Polonia” and the Ministry of Internal Affairs in communist Poland aimed to give a broad and positive overview of life in Poland for those who emigrated and those with Polish heritage.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The photographs themselves were taken by the &lt;em&gt;Centralna Agencja Fotograficzna&lt;/em&gt; which translates to the &lt;em&gt;Central Photographic Agency&lt;/em&gt;. This agency operated from 1951 to 1991 and released millions of photographs.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Historians have noted that during this time in Poland, there was a “propaganda of success.” This meant “[m]edia reporting bloated domestic economic results and political accomplishments and glowingly described the party leader’s close contacts with foreign heads of state. Never had Poland’s stature in the international community been so great, propaganda repeated” (Taras, 1984, p. 145). This tone of flawless accomplishment appears to have bled into this collection. Many of the photograph descriptions boast Poland’s accomplishments while ignoring serious economic, cultural and societal problems.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p&gt;Works Cited&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Narodowe Archiwum Cyfrowe. (2015). &lt;em&gt;Centralna Agencja Fotograficzna.&lt;/em&gt; Retrieved from &lt;a href="http://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&amp;amp;sl=pl&amp;amp;u=http://www.nac.gov.pl/caf&amp;amp;prev=search"&gt;http://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&amp;amp;sl=pl&amp;amp;u=http://www.nac.gov.pl/caf&amp;amp;prev=search&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Nitschke, B. (December 2012). Działalność towarzystwa łączności z Polonią zagraniczną „Polonia” wobec polskiej emigracji w latach 1955-1970. &lt;em&gt;Annales UMCS, Sectio K (Politologia),&lt;/em&gt; &lt;em&gt;19&lt;/em&gt;(1): 159–185. DOI: 10.2478/v10226-012-0007-9.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Taras, R. (1984). &lt;em&gt;Ideology in a socialist state.&lt;/em&gt; Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.&lt;/p&gt;</text>
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                <text>Ratusz w Poznaniu, jeden z piękniejszych zabytków renesansu północno-włoskiego, zbudowany przez włoskiego architekta J. B. Quadro. Na pierwszym piętrze w ratuszu tz. sala Odrodzenia z 1555 r. jedno z najcenniejszych wnętrz renesansowych. Zniszczony w czasie wojny jest już całkowicie odbudowany.</text>
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                  <text>&lt;p&gt;The Towarzystwo Łączności z Polonią Zagraniczną "Polonia” Collection is an assortment of photographs created by the Ministry of Internal Affairs in communist Poland sent to the United States’ “Polonia,” or, areas or countries with a significant community of Poles outside of Poland. These photographs, most likely sent out in series, date from the 1960s to the early 1970s.  The University at Buffalo’s collection is made up of 32 folders containing 461 photographs that pertain to an assortment of topics highlighting Poland’s cultural, historical, technological and industrial advances, especially during the period of communist rule. The University at Buffalo Libraries have digitized these photographs and have attempted to maintain the original order of the series.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;This collection of propaganda photographs portrays selections of Polish culture, meant to show the country in the most advantageous fashion. Series in the collection include photographs of famous professors, actors, and musicians. There are also series featuring important industrial, historical and educational institutions, including bustling, modern cities and relaxing vacation destinations, according to the Polish Ministry of Internal Affairs.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;This collection was created by the &lt;em&gt;Towarzystwo Łączności z Polonią Zagraniczną "Polonia,”&lt;/em&gt; which translates to the &lt;em&gt;Society for Foreign Liaison with Poles, “Polonia.”&lt;/em&gt; This group wanted to establish a relationship between Polish people at home and abroad. The Towarzystwo Łączności z Polonią Zagraniczną "Polonia” and the Ministry of Internal Affairs in communist Poland aimed to give a broad and positive overview of life in Poland for those who emigrated and those with Polish heritage.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The photographs themselves were taken by the &lt;em&gt;Centralna Agencja Fotograficzna&lt;/em&gt; which translates to the &lt;em&gt;Central Photographic Agency&lt;/em&gt;. This agency operated from 1951 to 1991 and released millions of photographs.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Historians have noted that during this time in Poland, there was a “propaganda of success.” This meant “[m]edia reporting bloated domestic economic results and political accomplishments and glowingly described the party leader’s close contacts with foreign heads of state. Never had Poland’s stature in the international community been so great, propaganda repeated” (Taras, 1984, p. 145). This tone of flawless accomplishment appears to have bled into this collection. Many of the photograph descriptions boast Poland’s accomplishments while ignoring serious economic, cultural and societal problems.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p&gt;Works Cited&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Narodowe Archiwum Cyfrowe. (2015). &lt;em&gt;Centralna Agencja Fotograficzna.&lt;/em&gt; Retrieved from &lt;a href="http://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&amp;amp;sl=pl&amp;amp;u=http://www.nac.gov.pl/caf&amp;amp;prev=search"&gt;http://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&amp;amp;sl=pl&amp;amp;u=http://www.nac.gov.pl/caf&amp;amp;prev=search&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Nitschke, B. (December 2012). Działalność towarzystwa łączności z Polonią zagraniczną „Polonia” wobec polskiej emigracji w latach 1955-1970. &lt;em&gt;Annales UMCS, Sectio K (Politologia),&lt;/em&gt; &lt;em&gt;19&lt;/em&gt;(1): 159–185. DOI: 10.2478/v10226-012-0007-9.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Taras, R. (1984). &lt;em&gt;Ideology in a socialist state.&lt;/em&gt; Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.&lt;/p&gt;</text>
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                <text>Krasiczyn. Piękny późnorenesansowy zamek zbudowany w latach 1592-1608 przez włocha Galeazzo Apianiego. Zgromadzone przez Krasickich bogate zbiory sztuki uległy w większości zniszczeniu.</text>
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                <text>Krasiczyn. A beautiful late-Renaissance castle built in the years 1592-1608 by Galeazzo italian Apianiego. Collected by Krasickis rich collection of art were mostly destroyed.</text>
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                  <text>&lt;p&gt;The Towarzystwo Łączności z Polonią Zagraniczną "Polonia” Collection is an assortment of photographs created by the Ministry of Internal Affairs in communist Poland sent to the United States’ “Polonia,” or, areas or countries with a significant community of Poles outside of Poland. These photographs, most likely sent out in series, date from the 1960s to the early 1970s.  The University at Buffalo’s collection is made up of 32 folders containing 461 photographs that pertain to an assortment of topics highlighting Poland’s cultural, historical, technological and industrial advances, especially during the period of communist rule. The University at Buffalo Libraries have digitized these photographs and have attempted to maintain the original order of the series.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;This collection of propaganda photographs portrays selections of Polish culture, meant to show the country in the most advantageous fashion. Series in the collection include photographs of famous professors, actors, and musicians. There are also series featuring important industrial, historical and educational institutions, including bustling, modern cities and relaxing vacation destinations, according to the Polish Ministry of Internal Affairs.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;This collection was created by the &lt;em&gt;Towarzystwo Łączności z Polonią Zagraniczną "Polonia,”&lt;/em&gt; which translates to the &lt;em&gt;Society for Foreign Liaison with Poles, “Polonia.”&lt;/em&gt; This group wanted to establish a relationship between Polish people at home and abroad. The Towarzystwo Łączności z Polonią Zagraniczną "Polonia” and the Ministry of Internal Affairs in communist Poland aimed to give a broad and positive overview of life in Poland for those who emigrated and those with Polish heritage.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The photographs themselves were taken by the &lt;em&gt;Centralna Agencja Fotograficzna&lt;/em&gt; which translates to the &lt;em&gt;Central Photographic Agency&lt;/em&gt;. This agency operated from 1951 to 1991 and released millions of photographs.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Historians have noted that during this time in Poland, there was a “propaganda of success.” This meant “[m]edia reporting bloated domestic economic results and political accomplishments and glowingly described the party leader’s close contacts with foreign heads of state. Never had Poland’s stature in the international community been so great, propaganda repeated” (Taras, 1984, p. 145). This tone of flawless accomplishment appears to have bled into this collection. Many of the photograph descriptions boast Poland’s accomplishments while ignoring serious economic, cultural and societal problems.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p&gt;Works Cited&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Narodowe Archiwum Cyfrowe. (2015). &lt;em&gt;Centralna Agencja Fotograficzna.&lt;/em&gt; Retrieved from &lt;a href="http://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&amp;amp;sl=pl&amp;amp;u=http://www.nac.gov.pl/caf&amp;amp;prev=search"&gt;http://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&amp;amp;sl=pl&amp;amp;u=http://www.nac.gov.pl/caf&amp;amp;prev=search&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Nitschke, B. (December 2012). Działalność towarzystwa łączności z Polonią zagraniczną „Polonia” wobec polskiej emigracji w latach 1955-1970. &lt;em&gt;Annales UMCS, Sectio K (Politologia),&lt;/em&gt; &lt;em&gt;19&lt;/em&gt;(1): 159–185. DOI: 10.2478/v10226-012-0007-9.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Taras, R. (1984). &lt;em&gt;Ideology in a socialist state.&lt;/em&gt; Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.&lt;/p&gt;</text>
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                <text>Polish Architecture, no. 13</text>
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                <text>Jednym z najwspanialszych zabytków architekiury z okresu Odrodzenia jest kaplica Zygmuntowska na Wawelu. Zbudowana na zlecenie biskupa Piotra Tomickiego przez florentczyka Bartłomieja Borecci.</text>
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                <text>One of the greatest monuments of the Renaissance architecture is the Sigismund Chapel in Wawel Castle. Built at the request of Bishop Piotr Tomicki by Florentine Bartholomew Borecci.</text>
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                  <text>&lt;p&gt;The Towarzystwo Łączności z Polonią Zagraniczną "Polonia” Collection is an assortment of photographs created by the Ministry of Internal Affairs in communist Poland sent to the United States’ “Polonia,” or, areas or countries with a significant community of Poles outside of Poland. These photographs, most likely sent out in series, date from the 1960s to the early 1970s.  The University at Buffalo’s collection is made up of 32 folders containing 461 photographs that pertain to an assortment of topics highlighting Poland’s cultural, historical, technological and industrial advances, especially during the period of communist rule. The University at Buffalo Libraries have digitized these photographs and have attempted to maintain the original order of the series.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;This collection of propaganda photographs portrays selections of Polish culture, meant to show the country in the most advantageous fashion. Series in the collection include photographs of famous professors, actors, and musicians. There are also series featuring important industrial, historical and educational institutions, including bustling, modern cities and relaxing vacation destinations, according to the Polish Ministry of Internal Affairs.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;This collection was created by the &lt;em&gt;Towarzystwo Łączności z Polonią Zagraniczną "Polonia,”&lt;/em&gt; which translates to the &lt;em&gt;Society for Foreign Liaison with Poles, “Polonia.”&lt;/em&gt; This group wanted to establish a relationship between Polish people at home and abroad. The Towarzystwo Łączności z Polonią Zagraniczną "Polonia” and the Ministry of Internal Affairs in communist Poland aimed to give a broad and positive overview of life in Poland for those who emigrated and those with Polish heritage.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The photographs themselves were taken by the &lt;em&gt;Centralna Agencja Fotograficzna&lt;/em&gt; which translates to the &lt;em&gt;Central Photographic Agency&lt;/em&gt;. This agency operated from 1951 to 1991 and released millions of photographs.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Historians have noted that during this time in Poland, there was a “propaganda of success.” This meant “[m]edia reporting bloated domestic economic results and political accomplishments and glowingly described the party leader’s close contacts with foreign heads of state. Never had Poland’s stature in the international community been so great, propaganda repeated” (Taras, 1984, p. 145). This tone of flawless accomplishment appears to have bled into this collection. Many of the photograph descriptions boast Poland’s accomplishments while ignoring serious economic, cultural and societal problems.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p&gt;Works Cited&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Narodowe Archiwum Cyfrowe. (2015). &lt;em&gt;Centralna Agencja Fotograficzna.&lt;/em&gt; Retrieved from &lt;a href="http://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&amp;amp;sl=pl&amp;amp;u=http://www.nac.gov.pl/caf&amp;amp;prev=search"&gt;http://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&amp;amp;sl=pl&amp;amp;u=http://www.nac.gov.pl/caf&amp;amp;prev=search&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Nitschke, B. (December 2012). Działalność towarzystwa łączności z Polonią zagraniczną „Polonia” wobec polskiej emigracji w latach 1955-1970. &lt;em&gt;Annales UMCS, Sectio K (Politologia),&lt;/em&gt; &lt;em&gt;19&lt;/em&gt;(1): 159–185. DOI: 10.2478/v10226-012-0007-9.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Taras, R. (1984). &lt;em&gt;Ideology in a socialist state.&lt;/em&gt; Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.&lt;/p&gt;</text>
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                <text>Początki Sukiennic (kramów) krakowskich sięgają XIII w. Po pożarze w 1555 r. odbudowane zostały w stylu renesansowym. Wspaniała attyka wieńcząca Sukiennice jest dziełem włocha J. M. Padovano. Na I piętrze miesci się Galeria Muzeum Narodowego i największy w Polsce zbiót obrazów malarzy polskich.</text>
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                  <text>&lt;p&gt;The Towarzystwo Łączności z Polonią Zagraniczną "Polonia” Collection is an assortment of photographs created by the Ministry of Internal Affairs in communist Poland sent to the United States’ “Polonia,” or, areas or countries with a significant community of Poles outside of Poland. These photographs, most likely sent out in series, date from the 1960s to the early 1970s.  The University at Buffalo’s collection is made up of 32 folders containing 461 photographs that pertain to an assortment of topics highlighting Poland’s cultural, historical, technological and industrial advances, especially during the period of communist rule. The University at Buffalo Libraries have digitized these photographs and have attempted to maintain the original order of the series.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;This collection of propaganda photographs portrays selections of Polish culture, meant to show the country in the most advantageous fashion. Series in the collection include photographs of famous professors, actors, and musicians. There are also series featuring important industrial, historical and educational institutions, including bustling, modern cities and relaxing vacation destinations, according to the Polish Ministry of Internal Affairs.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;This collection was created by the &lt;em&gt;Towarzystwo Łączności z Polonią Zagraniczną "Polonia,”&lt;/em&gt; which translates to the &lt;em&gt;Society for Foreign Liaison with Poles, “Polonia.”&lt;/em&gt; This group wanted to establish a relationship between Polish people at home and abroad. The Towarzystwo Łączności z Polonią Zagraniczną "Polonia” and the Ministry of Internal Affairs in communist Poland aimed to give a broad and positive overview of life in Poland for those who emigrated and those with Polish heritage.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The photographs themselves were taken by the &lt;em&gt;Centralna Agencja Fotograficzna&lt;/em&gt; which translates to the &lt;em&gt;Central Photographic Agency&lt;/em&gt;. This agency operated from 1951 to 1991 and released millions of photographs.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Historians have noted that during this time in Poland, there was a “propaganda of success.” This meant “[m]edia reporting bloated domestic economic results and political accomplishments and glowingly described the party leader’s close contacts with foreign heads of state. Never had Poland’s stature in the international community been so great, propaganda repeated” (Taras, 1984, p. 145). This tone of flawless accomplishment appears to have bled into this collection. Many of the photograph descriptions boast Poland’s accomplishments while ignoring serious economic, cultural and societal problems.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p&gt;Works Cited&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Narodowe Archiwum Cyfrowe. (2015). &lt;em&gt;Centralna Agencja Fotograficzna.&lt;/em&gt; Retrieved from &lt;a href="http://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&amp;amp;sl=pl&amp;amp;u=http://www.nac.gov.pl/caf&amp;amp;prev=search"&gt;http://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&amp;amp;sl=pl&amp;amp;u=http://www.nac.gov.pl/caf&amp;amp;prev=search&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Nitschke, B. (December 2012). Działalność towarzystwa łączności z Polonią zagraniczną „Polonia” wobec polskiej emigracji w latach 1955-1970. &lt;em&gt;Annales UMCS, Sectio K (Politologia),&lt;/em&gt; &lt;em&gt;19&lt;/em&gt;(1): 159–185. DOI: 10.2478/v10226-012-0007-9.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Taras, R. (1984). &lt;em&gt;Ideology in a socialist state.&lt;/em&gt; Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.&lt;/p&gt;</text>
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                <text>Zamek w Łancucie. Początkowo w posiadaniu Lubomirskich potem Radziwiłłów i Potockich. W zamku znajdują się cenne zbiory dzieł sztuki. Przy zamku jedyne w Polsce muzeum powozów.</text>
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                <text>ańcut Castle. Originally owned by the Lubomirski and Potocki then Radziwill. The castle offers a valuable collection of art works. At the castle only museum in Poland carriages.</text>
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                  <text>&lt;p&gt;The Towarzystwo Łączności z Polonią Zagraniczną "Polonia” Collection is an assortment of photographs created by the Ministry of Internal Affairs in communist Poland sent to the United States’ “Polonia,” or, areas or countries with a significant community of Poles outside of Poland. These photographs, most likely sent out in series, date from the 1960s to the early 1970s.  The University at Buffalo’s collection is made up of 32 folders containing 461 photographs that pertain to an assortment of topics highlighting Poland’s cultural, historical, technological and industrial advances, especially during the period of communist rule. The University at Buffalo Libraries have digitized these photographs and have attempted to maintain the original order of the series.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;This collection of propaganda photographs portrays selections of Polish culture, meant to show the country in the most advantageous fashion. Series in the collection include photographs of famous professors, actors, and musicians. There are also series featuring important industrial, historical and educational institutions, including bustling, modern cities and relaxing vacation destinations, according to the Polish Ministry of Internal Affairs.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;This collection was created by the &lt;em&gt;Towarzystwo Łączności z Polonią Zagraniczną "Polonia,”&lt;/em&gt; which translates to the &lt;em&gt;Society for Foreign Liaison with Poles, “Polonia.”&lt;/em&gt; This group wanted to establish a relationship between Polish people at home and abroad. The Towarzystwo Łączności z Polonią Zagraniczną "Polonia” and the Ministry of Internal Affairs in communist Poland aimed to give a broad and positive overview of life in Poland for those who emigrated and those with Polish heritage.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The photographs themselves were taken by the &lt;em&gt;Centralna Agencja Fotograficzna&lt;/em&gt; which translates to the &lt;em&gt;Central Photographic Agency&lt;/em&gt;. This agency operated from 1951 to 1991 and released millions of photographs.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Historians have noted that during this time in Poland, there was a “propaganda of success.” This meant “[m]edia reporting bloated domestic economic results and political accomplishments and glowingly described the party leader’s close contacts with foreign heads of state. Never had Poland’s stature in the international community been so great, propaganda repeated” (Taras, 1984, p. 145). This tone of flawless accomplishment appears to have bled into this collection. Many of the photograph descriptions boast Poland’s accomplishments while ignoring serious economic, cultural and societal problems.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p&gt;Works Cited&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Narodowe Archiwum Cyfrowe. (2015). &lt;em&gt;Centralna Agencja Fotograficzna.&lt;/em&gt; Retrieved from &lt;a href="http://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&amp;amp;sl=pl&amp;amp;u=http://www.nac.gov.pl/caf&amp;amp;prev=search"&gt;http://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&amp;amp;sl=pl&amp;amp;u=http://www.nac.gov.pl/caf&amp;amp;prev=search&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Nitschke, B. (December 2012). Działalność towarzystwa łączności z Polonią zagraniczną „Polonia” wobec polskiej emigracji w latach 1955-1970. &lt;em&gt;Annales UMCS, Sectio K (Politologia),&lt;/em&gt; &lt;em&gt;19&lt;/em&gt;(1): 159–185. DOI: 10.2478/v10226-012-0007-9.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Taras, R. (1984). &lt;em&gt;Ideology in a socialist state.&lt;/em&gt; Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.&lt;/p&gt;</text>
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                <text>Zamek w Pszczynie. Niegdyś siedziba książąt raciborskich potem Piastów cieszyńskich i Jagiellonów. Początki zamku sięgają XII w. Stan obecny datuje się z roku 1873. W zamku w chwili obecnej znajduje się Muzeum Wnętrz.</text>
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                <text>Muzeum Wnętrz Pałacowych w Pszczynie </text>
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                  <text>&lt;p&gt;The Towarzystwo Łączności z Polonią Zagraniczną "Polonia” Collection is an assortment of photographs created by the Ministry of Internal Affairs in communist Poland sent to the United States’ “Polonia,” or, areas or countries with a significant community of Poles outside of Poland. These photographs, most likely sent out in series, date from the 1960s to the early 1970s.  The University at Buffalo’s collection is made up of 32 folders containing 461 photographs that pertain to an assortment of topics highlighting Poland’s cultural, historical, technological and industrial advances, especially during the period of communist rule. The University at Buffalo Libraries have digitized these photographs and have attempted to maintain the original order of the series.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;This collection of propaganda photographs portrays selections of Polish culture, meant to show the country in the most advantageous fashion. Series in the collection include photographs of famous professors, actors, and musicians. There are also series featuring important industrial, historical and educational institutions, including bustling, modern cities and relaxing vacation destinations, according to the Polish Ministry of Internal Affairs.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;This collection was created by the &lt;em&gt;Towarzystwo Łączności z Polonią Zagraniczną "Polonia,”&lt;/em&gt; which translates to the &lt;em&gt;Society for Foreign Liaison with Poles, “Polonia.”&lt;/em&gt; This group wanted to establish a relationship between Polish people at home and abroad. The Towarzystwo Łączności z Polonią Zagraniczną "Polonia” and the Ministry of Internal Affairs in communist Poland aimed to give a broad and positive overview of life in Poland for those who emigrated and those with Polish heritage.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The photographs themselves were taken by the &lt;em&gt;Centralna Agencja Fotograficzna&lt;/em&gt; which translates to the &lt;em&gt;Central Photographic Agency&lt;/em&gt;. This agency operated from 1951 to 1991 and released millions of photographs.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Historians have noted that during this time in Poland, there was a “propaganda of success.” This meant “[m]edia reporting bloated domestic economic results and political accomplishments and glowingly described the party leader’s close contacts with foreign heads of state. Never had Poland’s stature in the international community been so great, propaganda repeated” (Taras, 1984, p. 145). This tone of flawless accomplishment appears to have bled into this collection. Many of the photograph descriptions boast Poland’s accomplishments while ignoring serious economic, cultural and societal problems.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p&gt;Works Cited&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Narodowe Archiwum Cyfrowe. (2015). &lt;em&gt;Centralna Agencja Fotograficzna.&lt;/em&gt; Retrieved from &lt;a href="http://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&amp;amp;sl=pl&amp;amp;u=http://www.nac.gov.pl/caf&amp;amp;prev=search"&gt;http://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&amp;amp;sl=pl&amp;amp;u=http://www.nac.gov.pl/caf&amp;amp;prev=search&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Nitschke, B. (December 2012). Działalność towarzystwa łączności z Polonią zagraniczną „Polonia” wobec polskiej emigracji w latach 1955-1970. &lt;em&gt;Annales UMCS, Sectio K (Politologia),&lt;/em&gt; &lt;em&gt;19&lt;/em&gt;(1): 159–185. DOI: 10.2478/v10226-012-0007-9.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Taras, R. (1984). &lt;em&gt;Ideology in a socialist state.&lt;/em&gt; Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.&lt;/p&gt;</text>
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                <text>Starówka warszawska. Została całkowicie zniszczna w czasie Powstania Warszawskiego w 1944 r. Obecnie odbudowana jest miejscem chętnie odwiedzanym. Na zdjęciu: plac Zamkowy z 1818 r. z kolumną Zygmunta Ill Wazy, jednym z najstarszych i najcharakterystyczniejszych pomników Warszawy.</text>
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                <text>Warsaw Old Town. It was completely zniszczna during the Warsaw Uprising in 1944 Currently rebuilt is a place frequented. In the photo: Zamkowy place with King Zygmunt the 3rd Waza statue--one of the most characteristic (recognizable) statues in Warsaw.</text>
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