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&lt;p&gt;Please see our &lt;a href="http://library.buffalo.edu/specialcollections/about/policies"&gt;rights management information&lt;/a&gt; for policies regarding use.&lt;/p&gt;</text>
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&lt;p&gt;Please see our &lt;a href="http://library.buffalo.edu/specialcollections/about/policies"&gt;rights management information&lt;/a&gt; for policies regarding use.&lt;/p&gt;</text>
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&lt;p&gt;Please see our &lt;a href="http://library.buffalo.edu/specialcollections/about/policies"&gt;rights management information&lt;/a&gt; for policies regarding use.&lt;/p&gt;</text>
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&lt;p&gt;Please see our &lt;a href="http://library.buffalo.edu/specialcollections/about/policies"&gt;rights management information&lt;/a&gt; for policies regarding use.&lt;/p&gt;</text>
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&lt;p&gt;Please see our &lt;a href="http://library.buffalo.edu/specialcollections/about/policies"&gt;rights management information&lt;/a&gt; for policies regarding use.&lt;/p&gt;</text>
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&lt;p&gt;Please see our &lt;a href="http://library.buffalo.edu/specialcollections/about/policies"&gt;rights management information&lt;/a&gt; for policies regarding use.&lt;/p&gt;</text>
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&lt;p&gt;Please see our &lt;a href="http://library.buffalo.edu/specialcollections/about/policies"&gt;rights management information&lt;/a&gt; for policies regarding use.&lt;/p&gt;</text>
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&lt;p&gt;Please see our &lt;a href="http://library.buffalo.edu/specialcollections/about/policies"&gt;rights management information&lt;/a&gt; for policies regarding use.&lt;/p&gt;</text>
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&lt;p&gt;Please see our &lt;a href="http://library.buffalo.edu/specialcollections/about/policies"&gt;rights management information&lt;/a&gt; for policies regarding use.&lt;/p&gt;</text>
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&lt;p&gt;Please see our &lt;a href="http://library.buffalo.edu/specialcollections/about/policies"&gt;rights management information&lt;/a&gt; for policies regarding use.&lt;/p&gt;</text>
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&lt;p&gt;Please see our &lt;a href="http://library.buffalo.edu/specialcollections/about/policies"&gt;rights management information&lt;/a&gt; for policies regarding use.&lt;/p&gt;</text>
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                <text>Foster, Darwin M. (Darwin Martin), 1930-</text>
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                <text>200 Emslie Street, Buffalo, NY 14206</text>
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                <text>job no. 82, sheet 6, Rectory, attic floor plan</text>
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                <text>job no. 82, sheet 5, Rectory, South elevation, detail on joint construction on beams, elevation of main stairs</text>
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                <text>A hand-drawn architectural plan features a basement layout on the left and a corresponding roof plan on the right. The basement plan includes labeled areas for a coal room and boiler room along with various structural measurements and technical annotations. Below the diagrams, text identifies the project as a parsonage for St. Gerard's Congregation and attributes the design to architect Carl Schmill.</text>
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                    <text>Interview with Maurice Frey, March 12, 1979
minutes/counter
00/000

Parents; childhood in New York City and Buffalo.

07/160

Education; Hutchinson High School; won Regents
scholarship and went to Cornell; memories of Cornell,

13/270

Reasons for studying law; further comments about
Cornell and about education in general,

22/410

Years at UB Law School,

26/455

Private practice after Law School; start i~ politics;
Republican committeeman; association with Edwin
Jaeckle led to position in District'Attorngy•s
Office.
second side

00/000

Years doing appellate work with Leo Hagerty, Harry
Forhead, Carmen Ball, Judge Elfin,

05/110

General comments about university education in
general and Cornell and UB in particular; role of
UB in Buffalo; brief mention of various UB faculty
members; took courses toward master's degree,

14/280

Jack Hyman asked him to teach family law; comments
About HHarvard groupH at UB Law School; taught
evidence,

21/395

Hyman asked him to start clinical course in trial
law in 1959; background for this development; how
the course evolved,
second tape

00/000

Further comments about the development of the trial
course,

10/220

Anecdote about Selig Adler; mock trials and the lawyers
who served as instructors,

15/300

Reaction of the rest of the Law School faculty,

23/330

Who served as witnesses, jurors, etc, in mock trials;
participation of medical, dental and drama students;
mock trials involving rape; use of deputies in
trials; problem of finding jurors solved by using
high school seniors,

�</text>
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                    <text>Interviewer's observationsa Maurice Frey, March 12, 1979.
Mr. Frey had asked that the interview take place at
the UB Emeritus Center. When I arrived, the Center was
locked and I learned that MR. Frey had been wandering about
the building for some time trying to find a key or another
room. He had hoped to organize his notes before the interview, and he was some what flustered and tired. I found an
empty classroom and we talked there, Unfortunately there
were some very noisy pipes which can be heard throughout,
Mr. Frey began by showing roe a large number of photographs, newspaper clippings, and other material relating to
the development of the trial course. I discovered during
the interview that if I did not always look directly at him,
he would think something was wrong or that he was talking
too much, and it was almost impossible for me to jot down
notes or even look at my aatch to check how much tape was
left. He seemed very eager to recount his experiences, but
nervous about doing so.

�</text>
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                    <text>MAURICE FREY
Maurice Frey graduated from the University of Buffalo
Law School in 1928 and subsequently established a
law practice in Buffalo.

For some years in the 1950's

and 1960's he taught at the University as an adjunct
professor of law.
In this interview, Mr. Frey discusses his education
at the University of Buffalo and his later affiliation
with the school as a law professor.

He focuses

especially on his role in developing a clinical course
in trial law for the University and the use of the
mock trial as an educational technique.

Mr. Frey

also discusses the legal community in Buffalo, the
development of his own practice and his involvement
with Republican politics in Western New York.

�</text>
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                  <text>University Archives Oral History Collection</text>
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                    <text>Index to interview.with Manly Fleischmann, December 4, 1978
Minutes/counter
00/000

Parents, ehildhood, education; Nichols school headmaster Davies.

04/070

UB law school class of 1933; Professor Halpern; Dean
Carlos Alden; influence of John Lord O"Brian; role of
UB law school in training Buffalo lawyers.

09/198

Memories of Capen; start of new era under Shea; importance of Louis Jaffe, Mark Howe, Ernest Brown, David
Reisman.

13/280

Stories about Dr. Arthur Lenhoff; his connection with
Hedy Lamarr.

17/ 345

Development of Fleischmann's law firm; Albert Mugel;
Jaeckle and Augspurger; best graduates of UB law school
on par with best at Harvard, move of law school to
Amherst campus.

23/ 435

Served with John Lord O'Brian on War Production Board,
1941-43; persuaded by Gen. Donovan to join OSS, ran
espionage for British in Burma; returned to Washington
to straighten out Lend Lease.

27/480

Practised law with Henry Fowler in Washington; then
started law firm in New York.
Second Side

00/000

Member of Thursday Club along with O'Brian, Capen,
Furnas and others; failure of fundraising drive;
served on Council of BuffaloFoundation; appointed by
Rockefeller to SUNY Board of Trustees; role of
Jaeckle and Frank More during merger; Furnas opposed
to merger but realized it was inevitable; problems
over handling money from SUNY Research Foundation.

05/119

Role in controversy over move to Amherst; importance
of continued involvement of UB with Buffalo; gave
speech at layinlg of cornerstone of new UB law school;
persuaded SUNY to change rule and name building after
O'Brian.

09/184

Fleischmann Commission; must relate educational developments to economic picture.

14/265

Importance of cultural attractions such as orchestra
and art gallery to economic health of Buffalo; served
on Arts Council with Nancy Hanks,

�</text>
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                    <text>Interviewer's Observations• Manly

•

~leischmann,

December 4, 1978

It took many weeks to get an appointment with Mr.
Fleischmann. He is frequently in New York and is a very
busy man. When I arrived at his office, he told me that he
was leaving shortly for Houston and asked that the session be
brief. He also said that he hoped that we would not dwell on
the Fleischmann Commission. During the inter~iew we were
interrupted a number of times by the telephone and by his
secretary entering the room. Downtown traffic noises are
frequently audible in the background, as is the squeak of
his desk chair.

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                <text>&lt;strong&gt;Interviewer's Observations:&lt;/strong&gt; Manly Fleischmann, December 4, 1978 It took many weeks to get an appointment with Mr. Fleischmann. He is frequently in New York and is a very busy man. When I arrived at his office, he told me that he was leaving shortly for Houston and asked that the session be brief. He also said that he hoped that we would not dwell on the Fleischmann Commission. During the interview we were interrupted a number of times by the telephone and by his secretary entering the room. Downtown traffic noises are frequently audible in the background, as is the squeak of his desk chair.</text>
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                    <text>B. R. BUGELSKI
Dr. Bugelski served on the faculty of the psychology
department at the University of Buffalo from 19461978 and was chairman of that department from
1969.

1965~

In this interview Dr. Bugelski discusses the

early development of the psychology department at
UB and important changes which have occurred in
the field of psychology over the years.

He also

spends some time discussing his personal philosophy
of education.
Additional university topics which are addressed in
this interview include Dr. Bugelski's membership on
the committees which chose Presidents Meyerson and
Ketter, and the committee which recommended UB's
incorporation into the SUNY system.

Some personal

history is discussed in this interview as well. In
particular, Dr. Bulski comments on his Polish heritage and the Polish community in Buffalo.

�</text>
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                    <text>Interviewer's Observations• B, Richard Bugelski, January 22, 1979

Although Dr, Bugelski has retired, he still has an office
on the Ridge Lea campus where he spends much of his time, He
wished to attend a meeting that was to begin an hour after I
Arrived and was off like a shot as soon as the second side of
the tape ran out, The sound of his squeaking desk chair is
audible at times; so is the striking of matches as he lit
the many cigarettes he smoked during the interview.

�</text>
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                    <text>Interview with B, Richard. Bugelski on

Janu~ry

22, 1979

minutes/counter
00/000

Parents, childhood; moved to Buffalo in 1921 when he
was eight.

03/070

Attended Alliance College for two years, then UB for
his BA and MA; anti-Polish attitude at ~afayette
Hi~h School; worked from age 14; scholarship from
Polish National Alliance.

09/190

Experiences at UB; Daniel Bell Leary responsible for
his decision to major in psychology; comments about
Dr, Farber, Theodore Hewitt, Leary,

14/275

Navy during World War II; Leary invited him to teach
at UB; further comments about Leary; Capen backed
Leary; comments about Capen; Dr. Lester.

18/340

UB Psychology Department and the study of psychology;
clinical psychology; encountered no anti-Polish discrimination at UB but did while doing graduate work
at Yale,

22/ 395

World War II veterans at UB; students grew worse
after 1965.

25/435

Changes in the field of psychology; effects of
~~orld War II on study of psychology; comments about
clinical psychology,
Second Side

00/000

Psychology itself not "useful"; devised aviation
safety program during World War II,

05/111

Relationship between psychology and education; theories
of learning; Bugelski's views about psychology; new
book on psycho'logy of learning.

11/235

Served as head of Psychology Department; developments
under Meyerson; comments about the methods of the
committees to choose Meyerson and Ketter on which he
served; remarks about Meyerson and Ketter,

20/370

Commnnts about the merger and his experience on the
committee which advocated it; appointed to Task
Force on University-Community Relations; contacts
with Polish Community; advocated Polish studies at
VB; most of his friends from UB,

26/460

Parents pleasure at his brother's becoming a physician
with Bugelski's help; refusal to change name; comments
about his new book.

�</text>
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                  <text>&lt;p&gt;The University Archives Oral History collection contains taped interviews with members of the University at Buffalo community, and the paper records associated with each interview. Those interviewed include administrators, alumni, faculty, staff, and UB Council members. Although covering some 25 years, the bulk of the collection consists of interviews conducted in 1978-1979. The interviews offer a wide range of topics and offers personal insight into University history by those that lived it. A majority of the interviews were conducted by part-time University Archives staff members Jenny Peterzell and Brenda Shelton. Other interviewers include then Head Archivist Shonnie Finnegan and Josephine Capuana. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The Oral History Project was organized by the University Archives and University at Buffalo Emeritus Center, and was made possible through a grant from the University at Buffalo Foundation, Inc.&lt;/p&gt;</text>
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              <text>1 Sound cassette</text>
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              <text>Shelton, Brenda K.</text>
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              <text>Bugelski, B. Richard, 1913-</text>
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              <text>&lt;a href="http://digital.lib.buffalo.edu/files/show/23564"&gt;Overview&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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              <text>&lt;a href="http://digital.lib.buffalo.edu/files/show/23565"&gt;Interviewer's Observations&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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                <text>B. Richard Bugelski</text>
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            <name>Subject</name>
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              <elementText elementTextId="65935">
                <text>Professor of psychology</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="65940">
                <text>University of Buffalo. Department of Psychology--History</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="65941">
                <text> Leary, Daniel Bell, 1886-1946</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="65942">
                <text> Meyerson, Martin</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="65943">
                <text> Ketter, Robert L., 1928-</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="65944">
                <text> Polish Americans--New York State--Buffalo</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="65945">
                <text> Polish Community in Buffalo</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="65946">
                <text> University of Buffalo -- Merger with State University of New York</text>
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          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
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              <elementText elementTextId="65937">
                <text>1979-01-22</text>
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            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="65939">
                <text>Professor of psychology at the University of Buffalo and the State University of New York at Buffalo, 1946-1978, Chairman of the department, 1965-1969. Tape of an interview with Bugelski, conducted by Brenda K. Shelton, Jan. 22, 1979. Concerning history of the psychology depart., his philosophy of education, and the Polish Community in Buffalo.</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="65953">
                <text>&lt;strong&gt;Overview:&lt;/strong&gt; Dr. Bugelski served on the faculty of the psychology department at the University of Buffalo from 1946- 1978 and was chairman of that department from 1965 1969. In this interview Dr. Bugelski discusses the early development of the psychology department at UB and important changes which have occurred in the field of psychology over the years. He also spends some time discussing his personal philosophy of education. Additional university topics which are addressed in this interview include Dr. Bugelski's membership on the committees which chose Presidents Meyerson and Ketter, and the committee which recommended UB's incorporation into the SUNY system. Some personal history is discussed in this interview as well. In particular, Dr. Bugelski comments on his Polish heritage and the Polish community in Buffalo.</text>
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                <text>&lt;strong&gt;Interviewer's Observations:&lt;/strong&gt; B. Richard Bugelski, January 22, 1979 &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Although Dr. Bugelski has retired, he still has an office on the Ridge Lea campus where he spends much of his time. He wished to attend a meeting that was to begin an hour after I arrived and was off like a shot as soon as the second side of the tape ran out. The sound of his squeaking desk chair is audible at times; so is the striking of matches as he lit the many cigarettes he smoked during the interview.</text>
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            <name>Date Created</name>
            <description>Date of creation of the resource.</description>
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                <text>10/23/2013</text>
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          <element elementId="47">
            <name>Rights</name>
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            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="1926260">
                <text>&lt;a href="https://rightsstatements.org/page/CNE/1.0/"&gt;COPYRIGHT NOT EVALUATED&lt;/a&gt;. The copyright and related rights status of this Item has not been evaluated. Please refer to the organization that has made the Item available for more information. You are free to use this Item in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use.  This digital collection is made available for research and educational purposes. Researchers are responsible for determining copyright status, and securing permissions for use and publication of any material. Copyright for items in this collection may be held by the creators, their heirs, or assigns. Researchers are required to obtain written permission from copyright holders and the University Archives prior to reproducing or publishing materials, including images and quotations. For inquiries about reproduction requests and permissions, please contact the &lt;a href="http://library.buffalo.edu/archives/"&gt;University Archives&lt;/a&gt;.  If you believe material in our digital collections infringes copyright or other rights, please review our &lt;a href="https://library.buffalo.edu/about/policies/information-use/notice-and-takedown-policy.html"&gt;Notice and Takedown Policy&lt;/a&gt; for information on how to report your concern.</text>
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                    <text>EMMA E. DETERS
Emma Deters was the registrar of the College of Arts
and Sciences at the University of Buffalo from 19161928.

In the latter year she became registrar of

the entire university and remained in that position
until 1960.

From 1960 until her retirement in 1965

she served as registrar of the graduate school.
In this interview, Miss Deters briefly discusses
her personal background and then focuses on her experiences as the college registrar.

She talks at

length about her job responsibilities and how they
changed as the University expanded, and mentions
her contacts with various members of the faculty
and administration over the years, particularly
Chancellor Capen and Dean Julian Park.

Miss Deters

also discusses her participation in non-University
activities, including her long-time membership in
several Buffalo women's groups.

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                    <text>Interview with Emma Deters, April 20, 1978 (Jenny Peterzell, interviewer)
SIDE I
005

Early years ... graduate of Fosdick-Masten High School ... part
time work at University for Dean Julian Park ... he was
writing a book on the history of the University and also
translating from French into English a book on Napoleon in
captivity ... June 1916

017

September 1916 ... made registrar of the College of Arts &amp;
Sciences ... enrollment about one thousand ... divisions of
medicine, dentistry, law and pharmacy each had its own
dean

025

1922 Dr. Capen came to the University

028

1928 was asked by Dr. Capen to become Registrar of entire
University ... felt unworthy, but challenged ... Capen knew more
about universities than any living person

033

Capen wanted her to attend all meetings of the National
Association of Registrars and Admissions Officers

038

Education after high school ... main desire was to broaden
horizons ... ethics course with Dr. Farber ... Capen encouraged
her.to continue with a wide variety of courses rather than
work toward a degree

049

Took Statistics offered only through Graduate School

051

For four years was the only person in the office, had to
register students, handle student accounts, pay maintenance
and faculty salaries, mimeograph exams .•. more than a forty
hour per week job, but did it willingly ... made lifelong
friends

058

Took secretarial program directly after high school ... two
part-time jobs over a period of a year and a half, trying to
get practical experience ... was promoted in both jobs, but
wasn't interested in continuing ... had always planned to go to
college

065

Family background ... father died when she was young ... mother
was an invalid ... older brother married and living out of town ..
she took care of her mother who lived to be seventy-seven

078

Mr. Lester had died in October, mother died in December ...
went to stay with the Lesters at Mrs. Lester's invitation
and never left ... Mrs. Lester lived to be ninety-five ... all
lived better together than if they had worked independently ...
discussion of property, creek

098

Liked the rural setting ... never listed name in telephone
directory

106

Responsibilities as Registrar of Arts &amp; Sciences and the
University ... knew all two hundred students from the Arts
College ... socialized with them

�Deters

page 2

SIDE I (cont'd.)
113

Emily Webster and Olive Lester and she belong to a group that
still gets together ... from 1928 on became acquainted with
people outside the Arts College ••. knew medical and dental
people because they had to take two to three years in the
College before they could enter the professional schools ...
had nothing to do with admissions to professional schools

127

Student records included information based on personal
acquaintance

142

Record-keeping ... no bound books of records in her day although
they did exist ... Chancellor Capen wanted a central system

149

Created and maintained 3 x 5 card file of everyone who attended
the University from 1946 [probably 1846] ... made it possible
to provide transcripts, dates of attendance, etc. by using
only this file ... before this system every inquiry had to be
sent to every one of the Schools ... centralized system saved
time

175

Met regularly with registrars from the other Schools ... Capen
eventually had their titles changed to "secretary" and appointed her Registrar [of the University]

182

Set up plan for system, discussed problems with others at
annual meetings of the American Association of Collegiate
Registrars and Admissions Officers ... was elected to several
offices and eventually became president of the Association

199

Middle States Association had a similar organization: American
Association of Officers of Admission and Records ... held
several offices and became president of that too •.. was third
woman to be registrar of national association, since then
there have been only two more

206

Discussion of being a woman in a predominately male profession ..
did not feel any discrimination ... was given citations, awards
for her contributions

234

First office was in Townsend Hall, Niagara Square at Delaware
Avenue ... building was a gift to the University, had been
Women's Educational and Industrial Union ... it was used for
College of Arts and Sciences

249

About 1922 the office moved to North Main Campus building next
to Hayes called Science Hall which later became the Physics
Building ... Science Hall was replaced by Hochstetter ... Hayes
Hall, still occupied by the County, was remodelled ... Registrar's
Office moved from Science Hall to first floor of Hayes, later
to second floor Hayes ("wing to the left as you enter") and
part of the third floor

269

Social contact with faculty, more at Townsend Hall than after
move to Main Street ... after retirement got to know own village

�Deters

page 3

SIDE I ( cont 1 d. )
291

Current activities: Secretary of Garden Club ..• later, study o
Italian with Mrs. Vella ... travel to Europe, particularly Italy ..
Dr. Lester was in Italian study group, also Miss Webster, Mrs.
Sengbusch (Dean of Nursing), Miss Kucharski (assistant to Mrs.
Sengbusch), Dr. Thorn, Dr. Adelle Land

313

Women's Civic Club ... brought contact with Lancaster residents ..
became Chairman of their Student Loan Committee ... elected
officers of local clubs become members of the Executive Committee of the Western New York Federation ... served for seven
years as Chairman, them became co-Chairman ... five from Lancaster
received student aid ... enjoyed experience of contact with
students

349

Contact with people through clubs enlarges one's interests,
11 you see things from a little different point of view 11 • • • at the
University the emphasis was on academic standing

370

Story of a meeting of the Executive Committee of the 11Western
Federation 11 , different standards today ... had to re-think her
position
END OF SIDE I

SIDE II
001

Reiteration of Executive Committee meeting

019

Was not responsible for handling suspensions and expulsions,
that was the responsibility of the Executive Committee of the
division ... 11 that would be a Dean's problem 11

022

In early years handled all student accounts, 11but in the early
twenties the University was re-organized and the Treasurer
became a very active treasurer and that's where Miss Webster
comes in 11

027

Incident when Townsend Hall caught fire ... fire started in the
locker room and evidence pointed to a student's involvement .. .
Council met and it was decided not to make suspicions known .. .
student had transferred from a prominent college in the East
to which a letter was sent asking if there were any 11 Circumstances11 during his attendance 11 and they mentioned what had
happened 11 ... the Un1.versity asked the student's father to withdraw him from the University without reason ... learned very early
to be cautious

043

Philosophy: to do all possible for students 11within the letter
of the law ... student advocate yet supported the faculty in
every way

051

Study for Dr. Capen ... accumulated records from 1846 (founding
of the University) ... secretaries from each school asked to
prepare a card ... a tremendous and a big problem in keeping it

�Deters

page 4

SIDE II (cont'd.)
051
up each year ... hoped to put it on some mechanized system
(cont 'd.) but now the University is organized in such a way that they
~n't feel it's necessary to keep it up
065

Every school was an "institute" but now there's a record that
comes in automatically

072

When enrollment declined a "How to Study" course ~vas set up ...
students in this program carried a lighter course load ... tried
to maintain high standards, but needed the enrollment in the
1950's

097

Hopes for the future of the University in early years ... Dr.
Capen felt one of the biggest needs of the University was to
have an evening division

105

Full faculty support and admiration for Capen ... his sessions
were "like a seminar in higher education" ... every word 1\Tas
meaningful

115

No comment on "problems in the city of Buffalo that prevented
it [the University], I think, from becoming what it should have
become"

119

Accepted retirement with ease ... was special assistant to Dean
of the Graduate School for five years after retirement ... was
like starting the Arts College ... worked with foreign students
and handled fellowships for graduate students

131

Most enjoyed helping students to accomplish their goals

136

Retired as Registrar in 1960 ... from Graduate School in 1965 ...
welcomed chance to do things she'd wanted to do ... worked parttime during 1965 ... had tNo other opportunities to work with
administrative officers but felt she'd like to be "free"

147

Agrees with mandatory retirement at age seventy ... if an individual can make a special contribution "the University is free to
handle that" ... Dr. Farber was given the chance to go on with
his Journal of Phenomenology

162

Dr. Julian Park ... in early years kept the intellectual tone of
the Arts College •.. employed good people in spite of financial
handicap

178

Book review editor of College and University, the official
publication of the American Association of Collegiate Registrars
and Admissions Officers ... responsible for reviewing books relating to the field ... asked to be relieved after one or two
years

190

Not affected by different administrations •.. kne~v responsibilities
and carried them out ... few pressures ... committee formed to
consider particular cases ... deans determined standards of their

�Deters

page 5

SIDE II (cont'd.)
190
schools .•. if applicant did not meet standards and there was
(cont'd.) pressure to admit, the case was referred back to the
particular dean
226

Weekly luncheon meetings of deans with the Chancellor

243

Happy experience in spite of all the difficulties
END OF TAPE

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                    <text>Indexa Interview with William

c.

Baird, October 16, 1978

Minutes
00
03
06
09
12

15

Baird's parents.
Frank B. Baird active in Liberty Loan Drives with Walter
P. Cooke; 1920 fundraising campaign for UB1 selection
of Chancellor Capen; start of the liberal arts college.
Baird's childhood and education.
Interests and activities in the 1920s and 1930s.
Cameron Baird as head of the UB Music De~artment.
Baird Point; Chancellor Furnas suggests that pillars be
preserved.

Side II
Choice of McConnell as Chancellor; choice of Furnas.
Role of the UB Council in the merger.
Decision
to locate new campus in Amherst rather than on
05
Waterfront or elsewhere.
Seymour
Knox as chairman of UB Council
08
Choice
of
Ketter as ~hancellor1 problems of the 1960s
09
and the Council's reactions·- to them.
10 General comments about Buffalo and the University and
Baird's active interest in both.

00
03

·~·

·-·

�</text>
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                    <text>r

7

~

Interviewer's observations• William

c.

Baird, October 16, 1978

At Mr. Baird's request, the interview took place in his
office at the Gruber Supply Corporation. Unfortunately the
room faces on ~lmwood Avenue and is far from sound proof. As
a result, traffic noises serve as background to much of the
tape,
Mr. Baird is a quiet, reserved, shy person, uncomfortable
talking about himself, He was clearly nervous and uneasy about
being taped. He sug~ested that he write the answers to
questions, and when I stopped to change the tape, he said
he really didn't think he had any mo~e to say.
Something happened with the first side of the tape, and
the last five or ten minutes did not record. During that time
Mr. Baird spoke briefly about becoming a member of the University
of Buffalo Council in 1939 to replace his father after the
latter's death. He said the Council was made up of influential
citizens who supported the University financially, and who
had a friendly relationship with faculty and administration,
in a few cases mixin~ with them socially. Mr. Baird spoke
warmly of Chancellor Capen, whom he obviously liked and
admired,

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                    <text>As interviewed by Mrs. Shonnie Finnegan, University Archivist, on
JulylO, 1968.
Present were Miss Emily Webster, Assistant Vice-President for I3usinc3s
A.ff.:.lirs and a long time friend of Mr 0 'I3rian 's, and Mrs. Harriett Straus,
manuscript cataloguer and reference assistant in the Archives, whose
work Oil the S. P. Capen and Julian Park papers led to our correspondence
with Mr. 0 'I3rian, and his gracious acceptance of our invitation to come
~~nd i:dk with us about ·the period of University history in which he played
such a siguifB;:ant role. Present briefly were a feature writer and photographer from the press. c~~~ (:S~j

J

As Mr. O'Brian came into the room, Mildred Spencer of the Buffalo Evening
News asked him about an aspect of his biography which puzzled her; What
was me purpose of the legislation which. he introduced in the State Assembly
in 1909 regarding the University?
Mr. 0 'Bria...J.:

The original Charter of 1846 provided for the issue of stock, and that was

t..'le way the money was raised when the Medical School was founded. As the years went
on, nobody exercised any rights as stockholders. It was just a scheme for raising
~oney really.

So when we undertook to organize tlie college, as

we called it,

the

question arose as how to handle it. Some of this stock was outstanding, some of it
I!

had been turned back to the University, but there were still quite a number of shares
floating around, or else been destroyed. Nobody knew who held the stock, so that
legislation had to be very carefully drawn in order to meet the Constitutional requirements. I was the unpaid counsel for the University from about the time I was elected
in 1903 and I was a Trustee for 29 years. As a matter of fact, I_was very young.
I was just out of Law School and I handled that legislation. I was a member of tb.e
representing
powerful Cities: Committee in the Assembly of the State Legislature ia. Erie County. In
t::ose days we were very well represented by a very intelligent ·group of men in the
legis:ature. There wasn't any real opposition to it in the legislature.- It was just a
~ucsti.on

of getting a cleaning up of the old charter in a way that would be constitutional

�0 'l3ri im • •.•• 2

and starting with a clean slate. It was just to wipe out the missing stock, and that
was all there was to it.

Mrs. F:

This particular piece of legislation that you introduced was to simply make it
possible for the. institution to assume a new form that wouldn't be possible under

a

proprietary arrangement?
Mr. O'B:

That is correct.

Mrs. F:

By the way, we have copies of this old Medical School stock among Julian
Park's papers.

Miss S:

Were

Mr .. O'B:

No, the Law School and the other schools were not.· Pharmacy had a mercantile

~he

other schools proprietary?
0

..

motivation. That wa~ a very good school and.aiong about the turn ofthe century the
Dental School had an extraordinarily high. reputation. In fact there were four or
five·dentists who were at the European Courts who were. graduated. They had very high
standards. The backbone of the University, ·though, up· to 1920 was the Medical School.
~

.

That was very well run.· The Faculty was composed of very competent men, and they
were the men who really gave the push to the college. They were the nien to whom we
looked for help and who gave help. They were very
movement. They wanted to see the

Universit~

muc~

interested in the Extension

expand. The expansion of the Univer-

sity would enhance the importance, naturally, of the Medical School. ·

(Miss Spencer mentions the Fle:Xner report)
Mr. O'B:
:V~rs.

F:

That was later.
In 1910 and its recommendations became_ requirements for class A rating
by the committee on Medical education of the A.M. A. in 1913.

�0 '13rian .••.. 3

. ·.Mr. O'B:

Yes, I remember that incident well. Well, there_is a good deal to remember
. from that t}me ..• What was the year that they tried to raise money by making. a deal ·
with the City Board of Aldermen for scholarships?

Mrs. F:

That was 1911 --when it became apparent that no time could be .lost in raising
money to fulfill the clause in the 1909 deed for the County property requiring that.
the land be put to Unive:rsity use within 10 years.

Mr. O'B:

Yes, that was a very bitter struggle and led to very unhappy memories. We
·were the only people for it. Really, it's impossible to realize now the situation. We
had no University. These were a group of schools that were created because of
necessity, like the Law School. One had to go to 'cornell, or go farther away, to .·
study law; and so Mr. Moot and his associates got together t gave their time and
. started a small Law School. That was the way things were done in those days. This
.

whole
modem attitude toward education to which we all profess aUegi.ance . was not
.
in existence at that time. There weren't so many teachers, very few Universities
and there was no substance to the idea of a college in Buffalo. There wasn't any
college, but we hit on the idea of making a contract with the city, by which the. city
would pay a

f~xed

stipend per year, and we would create a fixed number of scholarships.

0

That was bitterly attacked. The Regent of this territory, Western New York, was Mr.
Smith, a very distinguished man, who was the agent of Carnegie Steel interests here.
He was not an educator. He had a wastrel son who .had studied medicine in the Medical
School, a.'1d fra...ikly, he was notably unsuccessful. He became dissolute and he never
did have any substantial practice. He said he pad a theatrical practice in an office,
way down on Pearl Street, in

a poor section,

School because he was such a failure.

and he got embittered against the Medical

He was one of th,e men who led the fight to kill

this plan, and he certainly was a nuisance with his 'tfild _charges.

�0 'Brian •.• 4

Mrs. F:

Yes, I think we've come across records about that.

Mr. O'B:

There must have been something in the newspapers.

Mrs. F:

OI-i yes, some berating the University Council, some lendingsupport. Chauncey
Smith apparentlyc;Persuaded one Alderman that Roswell Park's medical text was antiCatholic, and he- read an out-of-context section at the hearings. We have here, I
really can't get them out, because they are so crumbling, two big broadsides that were
put out attacking the University for being anti-religious. It seemed to engag-e a great
deal of religious controversy when the University Council petitioned the Board of
Aldermenfor the $75,000 annually in return for 300 scholarships.

Mr. O'B:

There was anotb.er phase of the opposition. We had, at that time here, avery
extraordinary character, Rowland B. Mahany." He had been a teacher at the High
School. He had the most extraordinary gift of rhetoric. He was an Episcopalian,
and I knew him very well, but he was more or less associated with Father Cronin,
the Editor of the Catholic Union and Times. He turned up at the hearings, and he
was quite a rhetorician. He wasn't like Chauncey Smith. His bittelTUess led to the
unproven rumor that he was really favoring Canisius. · Mahany was a Congressman.
He was, at one time, Ambassador to Ecuador, and later went away and lived in
Washington. I knew all these people .

Mrs. F:
:vlr. 0 'B:

. It was Cliauncey Smith and Mahany who led the opposition to the Council's proposal?
Yes, they were the two men who carried the fight in the open, .but that raised
suspicions that they were being supported.

~vrrs~

F:

We've wondered how much of this opposition was based onCatholic bias for Canisius.
Well, I can't throw any more light on that

t.~an

I already have. Rowla...id B. Mahany,

as I say, although he was an Episcopalian, was a very close friend atid ally of a very

�O'Brian .•••.... 5

. gifted man., who was Editor-in-Chief of the Catholic Union and Times, and he
had on other occasions shown an interest in something or other. that indicated
.

. ..

· that he was reallyrepresenting Fr. Cronin.
Mrs. F:

I see.

Mr. O'B:·

I don't know whether it was true or not, but I do know that that was the rumor

..

that was circulating at the time ..
Mrs. F:

·r thin.l.;: that this

is something that would be relevant to.Buffalo's social history. The

reaction of various groups to the University could be a useful index of
Mr.

6 'B:

eW.~ic

attitudes.

Well, there was
no overt
.
. demonstration or evidence of this, other than what I have
.

said; that Mahany was so vicious and so

persis~ent,

and it was obvious that he

·· personally had no reason for having any interest in it.
Mrs. F:

What about Chauncey Smith?

Mr. O'B:

Well, with Smith, it was personal bitterness.

He wa.s getting even. He didn't

get along with his father, and he was very bitter about the Medical School. He was
a failure as a doctor.
Mrs. F:

He evidently influenced the Board of Aldermen.

Mr. O'B:

Oh, yes, he spoke there. He was very vocal. Both of

the~e

men appeared J?ublicly

ai: those meetings and there were debates between us on the subject, but in none
of those debates was the subject of religion mentioned.
Mrs. F:

Perhaps that exp&lt;fains why we have found so little to eXplain the oppositi~n. It .
was never an open issue.

,\:r. O'B:

You're very right. That was the case.

Mrs. F:

And yet, it seems that if there had been a great deal of support for the idea of

�O'Brian ........ 6
building a College, the Aldermen would have ignored these men.
Mr O'B:

Yes, but there was not such support at the time. What year was Mr. Norton
appointed?

Mrs. F:

That was 1905. He was Vice Chancellor, and later on, when the sitewas chosen,
he became Chancellor.

Mr. O'B:

One fact that I don't think is made clear historically, was that during all those
first years between 1905 and the first drive in 1920, Norton was the dominating
figure. ·.He devoted his life to the University. He was a lawyer and a

Harvar~

man, and I thin..\: he was a "classmate of Theodore Roosevelt;_
,.Mrs .. F:
Mr: 0 'B:

... ··· ..

Graduated in the famous class of 1880.
Yes, and he devoted his whole life to this work. There was no popular support
.

..

for it when he took over._ He was very imaginative and because he devoted all
his time to it, people listened to him. He was the one who designated Washington's
birthday as the day of the University. Then.he brought in speakers for that occasion
One of .the speaker~ was Dr.· Charles F. Thwing, the President of Western Reserve
University, a very .gifted man; another was Josephus Larned of Buffalo ..
Mrs. F:

Hi.s name is one that we've seen often. I was just showing Harriett a report, and.

I thin..\: it was sent to you, Mr. O'Brian, by Mr. Larned, on the cost of establishing
the College. (Mr. O'Brian was shown a report of Larned's, and a letter of Norton's
concerning the Extension movement. )
l';Ir. O'B:

These two documents realLy give no idea of what was going on behindthe scenes
as soon as Norton got· under way

First of all, I would like to make clear my

cor.ncction. I was not one of the leaders of this enterprise

I had just been graduated

fro:r, Law School, and because I had gotten the highest prize, they made me an
Instructor'· and after a few years, they elected me to the Council. I was much
younger than a~y of these people that we were talking about. They were glad to have
0

�....••.••• 7

a young man to help out and that's how I came into it. I was a helper, not

a

lea.der. Mr. Norton and I, by pure accident, had offices together for years,
and we talked all the time about the University .
. Now, in connection with this Extension movement, I can remember we sold
.

•.

..

tickets for these lectures. Ont:: of these reports speaks of an endowed chair. That's
a little misleading. There was a man here who was quite a rhetorician, a clergyman
F. Hyatt
Mrs. F:

Smith~

He had a wealthy friend down east somewhere.

Mr. McGiffert inTroy?:

Mr. 0 'B: · Yes, who was trying to help hi~ out. · He offered to· pay his salary, if he
· could be appointed, and that's ha&gt;w he came to be appointed. Later on, the friend
.

.;

.

.died and that ended that.

Mrs. F:

It ·wasn't a true endowment?

Mr. o:B: · It wasn't endowed at all. Now, at the same time, 1904 or a little later, we
set out to advertise the University in the Community, and this Associated Alumni,
-

·~

\·".

.

(referring to a document) was just a title. There was very little substance behind
_it.

We collected some money, nQt a great deal .. · I'm sorry to say, I sent those

records to Julian Park and I can't recall the details. But we set out to make tb.e University known. It sounds rather absurd, but we took the City Directory of Organizations,
and we wrote letters to all these organizations offering to send a speaker to a
meeting of theirs to deliver a· lecture on the University ofBuffalo. I think we
paid some of the lecturers $10, not more than that. J handled all that money and I
sent all the check stubs to Julian (Park). Well, it sounds rather amusing, but you
would be astonished at the ·extent we spread that information. We talked to the
Ladies of the Macabccs and the Eastern Star and the YWCA, as well as the YMCA ,
v.nd anybody who would listen to us. I spoke twice at the Twentieth Century Club. I
'

.

�0 'Brian ..•••.•.• 8
had the impression that they didn't know what I was talking about, which was
probably my own fault, but we went everywhere to try to put this thing on t:b.e
road, without any capital, and without any faculty and with nothing to offer
except a promise. This man, Norton, was indefatiguable in turning up new
ideas, a.11d he carried on a great deal of the correspondence, as you indicated.
This was his life, and so we went along, but it was the Flexner report that
precipitated the first attempt to create a College, and that history, I think, is
well known. Julian Park, in his history, gives a very complete account of that.
Mrs. F:

Here is a pamphlet that must have been part of the movement that you were talking
about, a printed address of Larned's which, according to Park, was very much
acclaimed, and then printed up by the extension movement to send a.round. It
gives the rationale for creating a college for the University. I wondered whether
this was typical of what was being said, or whether there was a divergence of
opinion about why a college should be established.

Mr. O'B:

No, the only divergence of opinion among our own people, was whether it
was worthwhile to print these speeches •• where we would get the money, and
whether it did any goodi1

Mrs. F:
·Mr. O'B:

As usual, differences arise over procedures, not goals l
But not until the Women's Union presented their gift of Townsend Hall (1915)
did we have anything substantial. That was something that gave substance to our·
plan; the property was there .

. . I-V hen Mr. 0 'Brian was asked at lunch what it was that motivated the small group
of men who persevered for over fifteen years in their efforts to establish a college at
tl1e University, he replied that their education, which had been classical, had imbued
Ll1CJJ.1 with a belief in the responsibility of the privileged for community sel·vice.
He
cmy-jhasizcd that the dream they shared for Buffalo was not merely an opportunity for
vocational training, but a local college embodying the highest ideals of a classical education.

�V

Mrs. F:

, , .'.I

J.).L'J.i.LU

Perhaps we could go back for a moment to the purchase of the Alms House
·site in 1909.

The collegiate movement had acquired enougl1 substance to make. the

choice of a site a realistic question. What was the climate of opinion? In the recent
selection of a new location, which repeated that earlier history, the alternative sites
represented differing concepts of what the University of the future was to be.
Well, even back th~n, when we had n~ money at all, th~ question was: where would.

Mr .. O'B:

we locate the University, and everybody had different ideas. But gradually there
seemed to be more or less of a. consensus that across- the road from the Historical
Society, on Scajacquada Creek, where there is now a Technical High School, I belie.ve,
would be an idea.Josite--because the Teachers') College was on the other side of the Creek.
The inquiry had got so far that without any official action being taken, informal
inquiries were being made about the possibility of acquiring it. How much land was there, ·
how much would it cost, and the rest of it. Just at that moment when it had reached.·
that stage, Mr. Edward Michael came into my office1-- this is when Norton and I had
the sai:ne suite of offices. He shut the door and toid me he had an idea. That was the'
possible acquisition of :the Alms House site. We all knew that the Supervisors had already.·
decided to move in the country and adopt a more modern system, but we hadn't realized
the significance of it. At that time this was a farm and between the Hayes Building and the
street was a cabbage patch and

acornfield,

With very few people living around here.- This

was way out, a-yvay from everything. Well .•• that was a new idea. No one had ever-

'

suggested that. He said he had been out t;here quietly. ·He had walked all over it
two or three times, paced it off, and he thought that we ought to _be able to buy that from·
the county and at a reasonable price. He had no figures in his mind. I took him in to
:V~r.

1

Norton's office, and he told Norton and the

-u~ree

of us discussed this. The more

Edward Michael, Chairman of Council Committee on Buildings and Grounds

�we discussed it, the more interesting it seemed, pa:z;ticularly, because· on the
practical side, there were a number of Supervisors, the more influential ones, who
were graduates of the Law School! Sure enough, after a bit of dickering ( I had no
part in that) they got this fieure of

$50~

000, for the first section, and to get the money

was as big a job as the drive of 1920. The largest subscription made in that effort
was $5,000, and it was contributed by the Sprague family. Their ancestor, old Mr.
Carlton Sprague, had been Chancellor of the University, and I don't know precisely
the provisions of his will' but he had left his money with some discretionary powers
for its use. The rest of .that moneywas raised from $5 to $50 to .$100; and everybody
.

went down in his pocket; we finally got the money, and that's how we carne here.
M..rs. F:

I believe the Federated Women's Club contributed the first scholarship.

Mr. O'B;

Yes, now in that conriection, that's another activity that
.

·-

~ot

much has been said .

.

about. When Norton was at work,· stirring up interest, we were havii?-gthese
speeches all over. We spread the idea that $2000 scholarships could be given. Mrs.
Jo.l:.il1 Miller Horton, who was head of the Daughters of the American Revolution, got
interested in it. She stirred them up. Then, other organizations, little groups
founded scholarships, and there are quite a numbev faren 't there, Miss Webster)
of

w~ern

still in existence. This went on) but as you canseeJ Iookingback, we were·

. very much discouraged. Nevertheless, all. of tl:lis effort was building up interest ••. ·
·something beyond gossip, an interest in what this was_all about, and it ripened in the
end when the Women's Un:ion property was given us, and alsoMrs. Knox's

mom~y.

Women created a great manyof those Scholarships. Alumni Associations created
them, and it was a nice way to be remembered~ To be immortalized for $2000 wasn't
so b&lt;:..d.

�Mrs. F:

The acquisition of the site certainly required a great deal of foresight.

Mr. O'B:

Well, that was Mr. Norton's gift. It is rather sad, in a way, that more isn't known
about him. · Of course, that was due to the cours~ of events~ That's all. He was a·.
pioneer:and l&lt;i.id the

foundation~

and as nearlyalways happens, otherscame in and

brought the project to fruition. And then the pioneers are gradually
·. Mrs. F:

forgo~ten._

·what motivated the Women's Union to present their building at Niagara Square to ·
the .University?· Did the women feel that their work was done, some of it being

.· ·

.assumed by the City,· and some by the University extension courses in Arts and Sciences?
Mr. O'B:

I think that there was som~t.hing more personal, also, involved. Probably the most .
· useful man in public life in Buffalo atthat.time, and he wasn't a holder of any.public
office was Adelbert Moot, leader of the Bar. He was the one who began the Law
'/

School, and he taught in the Law School for forty years, without any co.mpensation,
and he was a very earnest man .• Ineedn't ·say that,. because his career.speaks for
.itself. He was very much interested in y~ung people.· He liked to push them forward •
. Now Mrs. Moot, his wife had been a teacher in ea~ly life and she had. the sa..me
I

I

I

sense of devotion that he had to young people. They had a large family of boys, and.·
Mrs. Moot was in a number of organizations. She and Miss Maria Love, I think, were
tl1e tWo founders of the free kindergarten system: which met at the Women's Union.
i ',

This Women's Uri.ion was quite old, and it was the first center in this area for
women's activities. I remember, ~s a sm~l boy, being sent there to a painting
class on Saturday. They .had lecturers, and well, it was a center, to be sure, not a
.

.

large .center, for different kinds of women's activities. Gradually the city took over
their activities; the free kindergarten was t11e first one taken over by' the city. Other.
activities were gradually taken over, so that in the view of Mrs. Moot, when she was

�O'Brian ••• 12

president of it, their work had largely been done, and she was the one herself who thought
up this idea of persuading the women to give this property to the University. We hadn't
I

been consulted about it. We were perfectly astonished, of course delighted; a.1·1d so that transl
I

action was carried out, one condition being that as long as the puilding remained on
Niagara Square, it would. be called Townsend Hall, and if that were ever replaced,
there
would always be a Townsend Hall. Mrs. Townsend was an elderly woman, very much
beloved .. She had a good deal of executive. talent, and I never heard anyone criticize
·'

her. She was really the founder and operating head ofthe Women's Union, or what I
would call the manager. · And that is how we came to acquire that property. Of course,
'now we had something. We had this potential bequest of Mrs. Knox's1 , and we had this ·
property. We then turned our attention to this question of a drive. Then in 1917 we
entered the 'War. ·That stopped eve·rythingcold. And there was quite a debate
about that. Mr. Crosby and a number of the Council thought we ought to go right ahead
but it didi'l't seem wise, and so in the end, we just. stopped and waited. At the close
of the war, it turned out that Mr. Walter P. Cooke had been representing the Government in the raising of money by the sale of Liberty Bon~s. He had built up an
organization, quite a number of young men in it, very few of whom had ever had al1ything
to do with the University.

Glenni Bartholomew was one of the exceptions. He was
·/.,

a very useful idealist who taught at the Law School and was on the Council. . And so
when we then started, after the war was over, to resume our efforts to create a drive,
it was perfectly obvious what Mr. Cooke had here.
r.

He had built up an organization

with an extraordinary esprit de corps.· They were very proud of their work and justly
'

~Mrs.

0

Seymour Knox's gLft of $100,000, the amount which the Women's Union required
that the University raise within a year in o:rc:cr to endow tile College ar;.d &lt;ACCi\.;i.re
permanent deed to the property at Niagara Square.

�so, and they were sort of high and dry. They were all through. They had nothing
to do, and they wanted to do something. That was really the

fact~

So, he got them

together and suggested that they take on the crusade. They agreed to that,· and
. that is why that first drive, which was the first the University had in its history by
way of popular subscription, was a success in a reasonably short space of time.
Mrs. F:

That was 1920?

Mr. O'B:

Yes, and Mr. Cooke was then the new leader. ·Mr. Norton retired.

He felt

that his work was done, and I guess he was right about it •. He insisted on
·resigning both as Chancellor and as a meinber of the Council. We refused to accept
his resignation from the Council.
. Emily Webster:
Mr. O'B:·

I have often wondered about that. Was he-feeling hurt?

Well, that again is in the field of speculation. I can throw alittlelight on it.-

Mi.ss Webster: This is off the record, but I'm curious about it.
Mr. O'B:

Well, it's a historical fact.

When Mr. Cooke's organization took over, this

· was an entirely, to us, new group, and it held forth great promise. Nobody pushed
Mr. Norton into the background, but these new men were running the drive. That was
the chief activity and grew more so every day, and so he finally tended his resignation
as Chancellor, and as a member of the Council. I remember very vividly, along
companionship

conversation that I had with him. I was no longer sharing offices with him. That"was a . .
.long time past, but we were very close friends, so I took him to task, and said I
thought he 01,1ght not to resign, and there was no occasion for it, that everybody who
worked in the organization was loyal to him.
had

co~ne,

He said, oh well, he thought the time

and so on, but I gave him quite a talking to and the result was that when the

Trustee:: in the Council took up the matter of his resignation from the Council, there
was a division of opinion. I remember I took a very strong position-- naturally, having

�0 'I3rian ...... 14
worked with him for so many years--that as long as he lived, he should be retained
on the Council, because his advice was useful and he was the one who had built up
the movement to where it was. The resignation was put to a vote and declined, so he
· did retnain. But he never came to Council. After that he went to Mr. Cooke and had
Mr. Cooke draw up his will, which left everything he had to the University. He had
no immediate relath:es except a brother, Porter Norton. He had never married. I
remember to our utter astonishment,. his fortune amounted to $250,000, if I
.

.

remember aright. I can't say his feelings were hurt,

~but

he h&lt;3:d the feeling that, well,

the world was moving on and he wasn't going to be consulted much any more, you see·.
Then the Council set up the Committee to find a Chancellor, and that part of history
you know about.

Mrs. F:

You were Chairman of the Committee?

Mr_.,O'B:

Yes, that committee on the Chancellorship. I can't rerriem.ber all the members,
but Phil Goetz was a member, and Mrs. Stephen Clement was a member. Mr._ Crosby
.

.

.

was a member, and I think Mr. Cooke was either a member, or an ex-officio member.
He, in the r:ieantime, had been elected to the Council.
Mrs. F:

Well, we did find a most informative 1956 memo from you to Julian Park, giving
so-me of your recollections of the search for a Chancellor.

M~.

O'B:

_Mrs. F:

Oh yes, he asked me to do that.
I can understand why he wanted your recollections foihis history; because

the Council Minutes shed so little light on the choice ofCapen, and none at all on Capen's
reasons for accepting. As we mentioned when we wrote you originally to ask your help
.. in interpreting the records, one scholar

~ho

was working here was trying to understand

the reasons behind the selection-of Capen. Was the Council seeking a man with the
educational theories Capen held; or was it simply a matter of filling the new office
with the most reputable candidate who would accept?

�u ·unan ..• 1 ::&gt;

Mr. O'B:

Well, the Council had appointed a sub-committee, and I was chairman ofthat,
and so far as this was concerned, going out and trying to find somebody, I did
most of

t.~at

work under the direction of the sub-committee. There was one very

painful episode_ that happened, and I don't think is recorded anywhere. We had a ·
number of people come and visit us~ Frank Aydeloff, who was head of the Rhodes
Scholars, and later President of Swarthmore, was one. There was a man in New
_York University, well, there wer~ a dozen or so, who came up and.met the committee,
but on one occasiqn,
the President
of Vassar,
M~Cracken,
came •••
.
. when I. w~s not ·.present,
.
.
..
.
.

.

..

.....

and he.made a great impression. He was a very gifted man, and in every way
desirable, so· afte_rward, in talking mat-rers over ,--they finally decided to make·him
the offer, ·and that resulted in what I call a very painful affair. On a Sunday morning,-·

-

.

Mr. Cooke and Mr. Crosby and I met PreSident McCracken in t?e Ten Eyck Hotel in
Albany. We spent the day with him. He fold us that he wanted to_leave Vassar, and
he would like very much to come to Buffalo. Mr. Cooke did all of the talking for us •••
Mr. Cooke told him that he had authority to offer him the Chancellorship and
__ McCracken said he accepted~ He said, however, that he would like one condition.
He would like .the matter kept secret until the Commencement, which would be _two

--

or three months later. This was in the spring. We had a long talk about details, and
.

.

.

.

he asked Mr. Cooke to find him a place to live ••• that was before_ we bought the property,
I thin.."&lt;, on Linwood Avenue, and Mr. Cooke promised to do that.
He described the location he would like to have, and so on ••. and we. went away
thoroughly rejoicing. _It was all settled and we reported it to the Council and

ti1at it was

a matter to be kept qui~t. Our work was :·done. The next thing we knew.

in June, the EvP.njng New,B called up Mr. Cooke, and told him thatthat day at the
Vassar Commencement, McCracken had made a speech in which he said he had

�O'Brian.~

••.•• l6

.

.

·received a very flattering offer from the University of Buffalo, but that the call
of Vassar was too str.ong. He never communicated with us. We never sawhim
We never had any explanation, an~ I remember feeling, it was lucky that

again.

· Mr.

Cooke and not I had done the talking! But there i~ 11:o record anywhere, I th!:nk

of this incident.
But we-had offered the post and he had accepte4 it. ·It was perfectly apparent
tha~

it was an unscrupulous attempt on his
.

.

p~rt,

to make some deal with his

.

trustees-, by threatening to leave them, a very familiar-technique. We never.
.

.

forgave him, but we neversaw him again. We began all over. Our chiefadvisory
·on. this, at the time was Mr. Butterfield, who was the confidential advisor of
Mr. Carnegie.
For example, once when_ .I went out to the west ~oast on business, l went w~y up .
to Portland and spent the day With Suzelow, President ofWashington University,
who, at that time, was one of the leading figures in the field of advanced thinking
and education; Everywhere we went, we discussed a list of names. When we came
to Capen's name, everybody ·said, "There is no use doing anything about that because
.

.

he's declined two University offers. He is dedicated to the kind of work he's in
and he won't leave it. " After about a year we hadn't got what we wanted, so I.
went down and saw Butterfield again, and he said that he didn't _t.hil.ll.&lt; tliat Capen would.
take it~ But, he said, "Why don't you: try it on anyway: There's. no harm in it".
·I said, "we didn't wantto waste time and money".

"Well",

"Well", he said, "you never cantell".
!

I

So I, as a result of that conversation was encouraged. t say I.~. all this was done
through intimate conversations with the committee. And that is how I came to ma.1(e

�0 '13rian •••• 17

a call on Capen.
Mrs. F:

I

I'd like t&lt;? ask you something, backtracking a bit. You ran for mayor of Buffalo
in 1913 on a Citizens' Party Ticket?
0

Mr. O'B:

Well, it wasn't a party. The University had nothingto do with that campaign.
Tne conditions in Buffalo in 1910, 11, 12 and 13, became very bad. There was a
great deal of corruption, and nobody seemed to be able to deal with it. In particular,
the schools had been neglected. Some of the physic.al conditions, particularly the
buildings 1 were shocking. ·The condition was so bad that it activated a group of"
leading citizens. · These men weren't educators. John B.· Larkin was one; he was.
at that time president of the third largest mail-order business in America; Mr.
ETarJ.-z B. Baird, one of Buffalo's most useful citizens, Mr. Crosby, well, I can't.

·recall them all; but there were 100. They organized a comrmttee called the Committee
of One Hundred, to try and clean up this situation, and_the way to clean it up, was
to run somebody for Mayor. Well, they raised some money and then they set
o:1t to find_somebody to run, but nobody wanted to run. I was 1 at that time, United
States attorney, and I was very active here. At the very last they came down

1When we returned to talk of Capen over lunch, Mr. 0 'Brian recalled: "I shall
never forget Sam Capen's look of astonishment when he sat before his roll-topped
c.;:;sk in his Washington house, and I offered him the Chancellorship of the University
of Buffalo." He added that Capen was impressed and encouraged by the widespread
local support shown during the 1920 campaign; the sheer number of people who
contributed .•. workers, for example, giving a dollar or so ... was unparalled in the
history of American higher education. This grass -roots support encouraged Capen
to regard Buffalo as a rare opportunity for leadership. Mr. O'Brian also told us
that when Capen spoke of his firm conviction about academic freedom, he advised
hirn to put his conditions in writing to Mr. Cooke, the Council Chairman. Walter
Cooke doubted the likelihood of persuading the Council to accept Capen's strong
vcittcn stz.tement, and offered instead a gentleman's agreement that Capen as
Ch;:ncellor would have full authority in all matters touching on academic freedom.
This verbal agreement was accepted, honored and provided a practical basis for incorporation of Capen's ideas into the widely known tradition of academic freedom at Buffalo.

�. O_'Brian.•.•. 18

on me and. I took
.

t~e

position that the last .thing in the world I wanted was to. be Mayor.
.

I wanted
to stay in my profession. But they.put it up to me on the. theory that I
.
had urged everybody else to m·ake sacrifices: It was high time I did something.
There wasn't much answer to that, so I consented to the amazement of all my friends.
This was not a political group. It is true that just about this time, there were· the
beginnings of discontent that had led to the formation

of the Progressive Party.

This was following the campaign of 1912, and a great many people here, locaUy•
. who were members of the Progressive Party, voted, btit they had no part in running

..
the

campaign~

Mrs. F: ·

You dr:ew on Progressive support?

Mr. O'B:

Yes, but we didn'trely on them. This was just a shot in the dark.· We. realized
.fully the difficultigs, because the East side Republicans ••• t't!-e Brewers ~ndthe
Contractors, Simon Seibert's group ..• would not endorse me, although I was a life-long
Republican. They named a Mr. Thomas Stoddard, who had a large drug store on
S..:meca Street and wasn't in politics at all. The Democratic Mayor ran for :reelection, and
so it was three cornered, hopeless fight and it was perfectly apparent from the outset·
that the committee of 100 couldn't win. Nevertheless, we tried to carry out our
mission, and that was to organize a lot of new young men on the theory that it was a
matter of cleaning up the city. · yve organized a number of sub-committees, and I was
the one who inaugurated the idea which now is a custom, I believe: of speaking at
·lunch-time to the men at all the plants. That had never been done before. The result
was that this gathered a great deal of backing, but not enough. We didn't have women's
suff:r~ge

at that time,· and in the end, on Election day, Mr.

approximately 2000 more votes than I did.

Fuhrman~)I

thin.\:, received

�0 '.Brian •.••••• 19

· Reporter:
:l'v!r. ·o'B:

. That was the Democratic Mayor?
That was the mayor. He received, I think, 27 ,000; I got 25, OOOand Mr. Stoddard
got 12, 000. The reason it is interesting to me, looking back at.it is that'one phase
of it has not been noticed.,. Mr. Kirchhofer has written an excellent account of this
\___.

~everal

;

times in the News, because it was an uprising of citizens.· Although we·were

defeated,. and Fuhrma~ was elected,· the discontent that we stirred up was so severe·
that two years late'r the voters abolished the whole aldermanic system of government
and established the Commission form of government. My supporters· gave

m~' a

huge

dinner at the Ellicott C:lub as a defeated candidate andpresented me ·mi.th a loving cup.,
which is still somewhere in the family, and Judge Wheeler presided. He and Ansley
Wilcox~

two of our most

prominen~

citizens were in charge 9fthis affair .. This was.

the only occasion I've known when resentment was capitaliz:ed into something ai;firniative.
Mrs. F:

How much grass roots support was there?

Mr. O'B:

Well, the women were very vocal, and despite the fact that they had no vote they
were tremendously aroused, especially about the schools. It was a terrible situation
and they just kept on talking about i.t. and the subject didn't die down.

Mrs. F:

Would you connect this with any other reform movement in American

poli~~s

at

the time?
·Mr. O'B:

No, but this sort of thing must have happened in other pla~es. It could happen
.

.

.

anyw·here when you have a group of idealists who are determined and stand by their
convictions. Well, that's that, anyway.
Mrs. F:

Mr. O'Brian, this has been a delit,Jb.tful morning! You've given us· a vivid sense
o~ the personalities and events that shaped the development of the University, and we

are very much moved to see you here in the Archives, and to realize that your
interest in the University is still strong enough to bring you up to the third floor to

�0 'I3rian ....•.••• 20

help us understand its history. Will you come to lunch at the Faculty Club~.
We'd like to show you something of the University as it is now•• and really, we'd
just like to prolong your visit.

_;·
..

···.

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                    <text>JP:

This is Jenny Peterzell.
i am at the home of Mrs. Cornelia
.
The date is Febn..l&lt;!!'i""Y r28,
1978.
I'd likf::• tc:• sti::r.rt
out the interview with asking you a
little bit about your
personal
background..
I
understand that
you are
from
Amherst, Massachusetts.
r.~:J.len

CPt~

F&lt;ight ..

JP~

Your father was professor of chemistry and you~ mother was
an authbr.
Can ~ou tell
me a
little bit about
your
childhood and your gr6wing up? You must have been exposed
to th~ university atmosphere quite a bit.

C(.::;:

Yes;..
hie
lived in Amherst and my f&lt;:tther
,,.J,:~s pl··c,fe·ssor·· D"f
chemistry .and my mother was a short story writer, ~riting
for variDus magazines in the New York area.

JP:

What were some of the magazines that she did write for?

JP:

She must have been pretty ~ell
e~tablished then..
nationally recognized for her work?

CA~

Was she

Yes, and her stories were'gathered together and published
f:orrn .

In

I::'JDi.:rk

JP~

You must have a cDllection, then, of her work.
any brothers or sisters in your family?

And yo~r father wa~.a professor of
You were an only child ..
chemistry.
Did he take yt:ru to the Univer!::;:i. ty wh~?n yc:ru v~l:?·i"·e
growing up, a lo~?

CA:

We lived on the fringe of campus ..

�Ct:.r·ne 1 i C:t p,}. 1 en
Interviewed by Jenny Peterzell

February 28, 1978

JP~

So you were exposed to student life right from your earliest

CA~

And we were but 7 miles from Northampton, where I went
to cc: 11 ege .

JP:

And what college·was that?

CA:

S~ith

CA:

I had a dual major .of mathematics and sociology .

later

College .

JP~

Was there anything that influenced your decision to pursue
sociology and then, later, social work?

CA:

Conversations with my professors and
Psychopathic Hospital.

JP:

What was that hospital like
been in the 20's or 30's.

JP:

What were the conditions of ·the hospital?

CA:

It was an excellent hospital for short-time care of patients
who should not be in prison but should be studied instead.
That patient was in the hospital two or three weeks at a
timE·.

at the

.d

visit to the Boston

time?

That must have

�Ccs.r-·nel :i.a r:u le:·n
Interviewed by Jenny Peterzell
It

No,
put

~8,

1978

was the policy in those days to put people in prisons if
tl-·.r·
·•r•ht I ·'-l··lr.::.,;
couldn't be corrected? Is that what ycsu
._,fl''':..1
L-1 ~- 1'
I

CA~

February

I

I meant that if they shbwed pecu11ar behavior they were
into the hospital for a st~dy,
and r lived within the

1-:t:rspit.:::-tl

n

JP~

You worked and you lived in the hospital. Did you live in
separate quarters,
a separate section of the h6spital than
the patients lived in?

JP~

What were"scsme of
were put in for?

CA~

Every kind of problem.
Dr. E. E. Southard, and
hc·!:'~pital ..
The

the types of

problems that the patients

It was headed by a very famous man,
really made the reputation of the

h~

name

of the hospital was the Boston Psychopathic
And that"s where you got youi early interest in
psychologital aspects of de~elopment.
I understand that you
went to the University of Chicago.
Hospita~.

CA:

Well,
before that I went to the Smith College School for
Social Work.
I graduated from there and then I took the job
in Chicago with the Institut~ for Juvenile Research.

JP~

Was that job offered
th.:.t ?
It

was offered to

me.

to you or

did you have

I was with them

to apply for

for some 20 years,

�Cc:.l-i'"lf:?l ia P:ller1
Intervie~ed

by Jenny Peterzell

February 28, 1978

JP~

At that time, did you simultaneously work at the Hull House?
I understand that ~ou met Jane Addams and you did some work
~·J:i. t h i·1 e1·· ..

CA:

I did part-time work over at Hull House.

JP:

What was Jane Addams like?

CA~

An altogether charming,
delightful
indivi~ual,
utterly
disarming..
She opened her heart to everyone.
The front
door was never locked. She was lying . in bed ohe night and
s;al,".l e:\ pi-O!,•Jler ~~c·ing thr·oul]h ht=2r !:iUi"'E"t&lt;::':U dl-i!:\~·J&lt;-:.~i"'!::; ;:~ncJ he ht:~.::~r&lt;:l
the movement in the bed and leapt for the window.
she "Oh,
you bf::tt!'2r- £;:JD do~'\fn the stairs :•
it"s ff:Ltc:h E.i:'l!!;)·:i.E!fthat so~t of person.
n

If

JP:

I hope that the ·burglar didn"t hurt her that night.

JP•

Jane Addams was an older woman when you knew her, probably.

CA:

Yes,

C{!::

!,-.Jell,
:i.t l!-J&lt;::t!::, a ~Jrf2at bit;.~ old
hou~:;~? {hat h,::~d bef?!n -given by
some landed individual in Chicago and she made it into this
place open to all and for everyone to use.
I remember the
Queen of· Romania coming to visit and people got a little
e:-:c:ited i:':tlld !:said,,
''But !"!iss-. {~&lt;:!dams,,
thf:.;. c:i:i.n:i.nq ,..·c:.c:tl,n :i.::s
be:i.ni;:J n?.·n.n:i.shed at th&lt;:tt time:· . " She said th;:~t clic:ln''t rn&lt;::d.:ter·,
she"d just serve them.in the cafeteria, which they d:i.d.
She
welcomed everyone and knew everyone, and everyone knew her .

I would say so.

experience to just work with
It must have been a wonderful
someone like that in that atmosphereft

�Col-nel i&lt;:l f.~llen
Interviewed by Jenny Peterzeil

Cf.);:

I

helped her- :i.n bu:i.lc:lir,i;J up

l.978

a pli;:tce c.t' !::d;udy r::.·f' ;.:n-E;·-...:::;c.:hool

ct·1 i l di-E'"t"''t, ai'-ld :i. ·c1 tt-~e t:)r-c•c::t~?.r:-~~:; st··lt~ earn(~ CJ.'-/E~r!;Jt.'=!tt:i.r1~1
.::tlc:&lt;n!] ar·:d ·shE; lc•c•!~:e:·d .::tt c:•':"le 1,o.~all

tct

~:st~e

1-r(::t\.,J

it

tt-Ja~s

.::\T":d said,
'' th.:~t
~·Jall
:i.~.:; a
U.ttle l:)cln£~..
I
think :i.t nE)ed!:5 a 1::d.. ctt..we..
1\loi,•J
over in Professor
....
[c~n,t understand] .•• living room is
just the picture for it. H~re are my keys, go over into his
living room and go get the picture and put it up here.''
She
took anything she wished to and put it where she pleased ..
JP~

People obliged?

CA~

Accepted that there was nothing else to do.

JP~

What type of people came to the Hull.House?

CA:

of people..
A number of professors from the
of Chicago, and civic leaders..
The head of the
Irnm:i.gl-·ant Protective Society lived there, and there was the
·f' .:!t fTf {) l...t 55 11 1~i· 5 gang" that held that as their headquarters.
lJ·r·, i VE•r S i ty

•·he::.
~~ I
t .._

It was a gang of boys whose.membership required that you
have stolen a car with the value of a Studebaker or about,
and s~me thought they should be excluded ·f·i·om Hull hou~;fE!.
"1\lc•; ·this is thl;?:i.r· home,, thi::\t' s it . "
But Miss Addams said,
·-·
·- ,,_(,..:
t· e·"
h ,.,
··~ Lr
-• t"".lt::!J.l
.... ~ ·-· ffit:..:::.
-~~~ t J.:1~.'$~
· ....., - t 'll..:::!re
·- ,.... - ..
C)t..r
.._,,.,
,-::..•.

JP:

And what was your role at the house?

What did you do?

Well;.

I was head of the social service, of the Institute of
R&lt;::~·E.::.e..:::tr.. r.:t··l,
e~}ld I cam~ over in an advisory capacity
any numbet of times.
I was free to come in and ~tay there
or eat there and do what I p 1 east:?d ..
.J"Lt"'.Je·ni 1 £;~

JP~

Did
you

you act as an advisor to the people in charge, or were
an advisor in a counselor type of person to the people

t !"i ;::: t

C &lt;!U'!1t:"!?

�CCH""CH? 1 i i!:l

f.1

ll€-?!"i"l

Interviewed by Jenny Peterzell

JP:

February 2B, 1978

The people in charge.
Did you give workshops
acted as an overseer?

CA:

Just overseer.

JP~

What
·fr-c:.rn

made you decide
C~t··:

to them and

to come to

lectures,

c:·r· yo;_t

jLlst

the University of Buffalo

ica(_::Jt)?

CA~

The head·of the Institute for Juvenile Researth died and I
did not
like the man that was put in his place~
and
simultaneously the of~er to come to Buffalo came along so I
only
accepted and came here.
It was a very small place,
about 7 or 8 students and a little struggling school.

JP:

But what'mad~ you decide to come such a small school after
your experience in research and your experience at Smith
Ccd.le~Je?

CA:

I wanted to try a change, and adventure.

JP~

Were you married at the time?

CA:

Yes, I think so, yes.

JP:

And what was your husband

CA~

He was an engineer.

JP:

Was he able to pick up and move with you to Buffald?

JP~

Yes,
because it was the
Depression
practically no engineer~ng jtibs.

doi~g?

and

there

were

�)

Interviewed by Jenny Peterzell

JP:

February 28, f978

What year was that, that you came to Buffalo?-

I'd
like to go back
to your work at ·the Institute of
Juvenile Research.
Wh~t were
some of the things that you
did in that particular job?
CA~

Well,

that was an institute covering the state of Illinois.
~-- •.r f
.. t.J.'
d •.!L~:&gt;lt.•ll
""
I
&lt;::! pctl &lt;;
,·t; 1L1 E;~
C.•T 1,nt::: C'i'J.ffil'i":() 1
•. f.)~J:l.Sl.~~;; a·nc:1 ).'.:;:,
therefore,
handled criminological programs,
not just only
for youths~
but for all sorts of people working in criminal
institutions. For example, I was in charge of the woman who
~-vas
sDci&lt;:•.l ~·JC:rr·ke·r· ·fc:rl"' tht:/ Dwight
I·nstj.tut:i.on ·for C·i·irninal
Women.
And
I traveled
around th~ .country to the various
i "Ct·S t i tLt "t j_ ()":1·=~
'.•'· . ·!·,

... ,...

0

~·J&lt;::~,:&gt;

.......

I"

0

0

J

0

-

·-

0

...

• ...

L

-

0

0

0

••

!

0

II

JP:

You traveled?

JP~

And what did you do at these various institutions?
Just supervise what they were
made plans toward the future.

JP:

TMese

were institutes

doing,

made suggestions and

then, that invDlved

almost strictly

juvr=:n:i.lr-::~:,7

CA:

No,
all sorts.
It
included Joliet,
which was the men's
prison;
Dwight, which was the women's prison~
and various
•.• the southern Illinois penitentiary.

JP:

And you travelled to these prisons?

�Cornelia Allen
Interviewed, by Jenny Peterzell
and

found

February 28, 1978

CA~

And visited
performing.

JP:

Did you find any instanc~s of .abuse in the ~risons?

CA~

Not serious, but an

CA~

Long~time

JP:

Was there
Illinois?

CA~

Not while I was there.

JP:

This interview is kind ot scatter~d.
A.little bit of this
and a little bit of that.
I keep
jumping around from one
thing to anothe~.
I
hope you don,t mind.
If there is
anything you would like to add at any time that
I am not
asking,
please feel free.
I guess I,d like to ask a little
bit about Cr.dle Beach Camp. Were you the founder?

CA:

Oh, no.

JP:

You just directed the camp?

CA~

Cradle Beach Camp was. fo~nded in 1888 by benevolent women
~ho wanted a place to house children,
tonvalescent from the
~holera
infantum~
And they established this fresh air and·
sunshine place for such children,
and the foundation which
lat~r supported it.

JP:

How did you become involved in the camp?

~wful

out

the

social

worker

was

lot of little ones.

incarceration with
enforced, things like that.
capital

how

punishment

deprivations.

at that

time

Silence being

going

on in

�i

CC• rT:£'£' 1 i a Pd. h:n·,

Interviewed by Jenny Peterzell
CA~

1978

:it ..

No detailed filing system?
l\lc•,
nc:.t.r·:in&lt;J. 'It ~·Ji::\S j_·n i;Jr·E'~at
that it was a poor institution.

surveyed

and

immedi&lt;:~tely

in~titution,

JP~

28~

About 1920 I guess.·or earlier,
word was about that it was a
reprehensible place.
It was, in many ways, well meaning but
que~tionable.
It was run by one Bella somebody, who was a
worker in the Red. Cross and managed it we~kends.
It took in
children a~d cared for them for two weeks,
and fed them and
gave them a rudimentary good
life.
The annual report
consisted of the fact that the child arrived and was of such
and such a weight,
and when he left he was of such and such
~\
mol""i':? _gr·eater· w€;~i!.;~ht,
and the &lt;::t!Ji]l-&lt;=~~~r.:d:i:o~ cd'. the SLHY"Ifilt"i'l"" ~·J&lt;::•.1:;
the aggregate of pc~ndage that th~y put on the childr~n.
There was no other report, they wrote down the child,s name,
age,
parents, date of arrival, date of departure, and that
.t.o.J,"f:'tS

JP~

February

b:i.g boi:rks-,.
Someone asked for a

sur-v~y,

said

the
iristitution should
be either
:i.t ~;hc•uld !]~?t i:\ tr"a:d.nt:2d ,her.:td r.:d" the
which they d:i.d.
They got Spencer Crookes.
clo~;;~:.~ci

C•l""

Do you remember about what time Spencer Crookes came in?
When would be the end of World War
I I Cs:i.c).
Prbout :1.'-?E.~l.
He came on two weeks notice,
hired a
years~ and was called to Europe to do social work there.
At
that time,
I took over.
That.would be abo0t 1922, I guess.
I ran it until about 1944,
I guess,
at which time, running
that in the summer,
and my university job :i.n the winter, it
became too much.
The Cradle Beach job was turned over to
another person,
and I
went back to university work and
became consultant for Cradle Beach.

JP~

Did you say that this was the post World War I period that
you had been director of the ~amp?

�Interviewed by Jenny Peterzell

f-H::) ..

JP~

Wasn"t that ·about the ·time that
r.:h i ldreri?

you started

CA~

No, I had them just before.

JP~

That mUst have been an awful

CAJ

"'"I=' "•
..J.

:.

hiving your

It was a strain.
Yes, doing all those jobs and ra1s1ng a family.
find that~ as a working mother?
Inte~esting.

C?-~:

l.tS

-JP~

t. .........

The

children came

How· did you

to camp with

II

Your husband came also, didn"t he?

JP:

And you lived there for the summer?

JP::

How did your children
emotional problems and

CA~

They had a wonderful time.

being with childr~n
d :i.~::.&lt;:;..b i 1 :i. ties?

JP:

It must have been a great experience for them.

JP:

They still are devoting some time to it?

You~

sons?

�Cornelia Allen
Interviewed by Jenny Peterzell

February 28, 1978

that added a little extra ·work load to your teaching.

JP~

So

CA~

Yes, and the hiring of staff.

JP~

What qualifications did the staff have to have?·

CA:

Graduation from college, and at least 18 years of age.

JP:

Any prior experience with emotionally disturbed childreri?

CA~

Desirable, but not necessary.

JP:

And what type of children were there?

JP:

Eight through fourteen and with some sort of disability, or
else no ability to pay. eGout half of them were emotitinally
disturbed and half were just impoverished c~ildren.

JP:

Were any of the children severely handicapped?

CA:

Oh yes, very.

JP:

And their mobility

CA~

Oh, yes.

JP·

What types of

CA~

Just about what ah ordinary_ camp would have,
plus ramps
everywhere so that they could go everywhere.
For all those
children we had one rowboat for
a long time, th~n we slowly
got rowboats, and got ramps dowh to ths beach, ~nd programs
in the ev~ning.

wa~

What was the rarige?

limited, I am sure.

~ctivities

did you have for these children?

�f

1 i &lt;:t p,J 1 en
Interviewed by Jenny Peterzell

C~:t·i-ne

February 28,

JPI

What types of programs?

CA:

In the evening?

JP:

In which the campers participated?

CA~

End

1978

Well, we had wrestling matches.

Yes.
If one was blind,
the other was blinded so that they
cDuld both fight fair.
They had all sorts of shows.
They
put on their own shows.
Finally we got a ...

D1

Tape 1 Side 1

CA=

We got a pavilion where we could have the shows,
and more
C:tr·,d· mo·,-e ~"'JE· gc•t child .....cf:-:;-nter·e:·d, so tht."?. c.:t·,ild·:-en cou.ld ~::;ay
what they wanted to do.

JP=

I ri6tic~d that a lot of these activities seem to pr~:tmote
gr··eat
indepF..:)nderu::e and r·e!:,;pons:i.b:i.lity amcHcg
t!···,e children.
Was that the philosophy of the camp?

CA;;

Ye~::;.

JP:

I

understand,
also,
and, now,
visited the camp?
r~cogn:i.tion

she

JP:

·JP:

that
the:· camp
this con·-ect;

:i. s

received national
that Margaret Mead

d i r.i.

Was she a personal friend of yours?

How did you come to know her?
I can"t remember that,

I have known her for so

�Cc:o'f"i"'H~l

:i.a Prllf.;:·n

Inter~iewed

by Jenny Peterzell

February 28, 1978
I

long.

she came down to camp, and she's been devoted to
; o~..
,~,- ....... =.,
""l. ·----··
II···
..·-·• ,..
...._ l J. ttl···
1-o-··
··hr
•··'"'"" t·.·-r·
0::::\lf::,"l
fft .. t'.":':n
t-....,J:::.' !,fi::tLJ
•,,Jilt":
f:'
J.JLIY
t.4.Jrf\,,!
Jt,!l... ,rl •·•J' ""·!··I
11\,,!
arms,
only one leg,
arid that leg had three toes on it.
He
did everything, he was a camper, he was what we called a PC,
a responsible camper.
as a counselor~
and finally he
bought his own home and opened his own insurance agency.
Mr.
Dunn, who was always interested in camp, built him a
little electric chair with four buttons on it so he could
and he went all around camp in
steer himself around camp~
,i.

But

~~

tl"lE:tt

.a.,

t

•

•;v&lt;:l •• ;~ ~

-!¥

•

f.:~

II

JP~

You were ~he chairman, at one time, of the Western New York
section of the American Camping Asso~iation. Has tamping
been a life long interest of yours?

("''(.'

Yes, I would say so.

~··.1' ~

i!

JP~

I

did private camping.

With your family?
Cod~
I was a counselor there
I followed
camping for a long
while I was in college.
time, and I knew a good many of ·the camping
sailing, boating~ swimming, and such.

JP~

Did you

CPr;;

ND ..

JP~

No.
When you came tD the University,
the head of the
Socfology Department was a man by the name of Niles
tarpenter.
There was a lette~ that he had written,
I found
in the files,
describing the development of the SociDlogy
Department. He mentioned that the first graduates of the
prDgram,
that he had trouble placing them.
There wa~
something with pblice interference.
Do you know anything
about that? Because it wasn't at all clear fr~m that
le·t teY".

Ctr:

e~er

do any camping during the winter?

I don't think it is tn.H::!.

�I~

Ccr"i"Tl£;:• 1

i

i::t .(.~

11 E''i')

Interviewed by Jenny Peterzell

February 28, 1978

JPi

Was there a great demand for social workers at the

CA:

Well~

JP:

But, I- mean, in the Buffalo community.
Not

t~me?

there were only six or seven of them.

an over-preponderance
casually.

I

It

WC•L\ld

taken

&lt;:t

J.3.ttlt:.~

JP:

What was your opinion of Niles Carpenter in terms of how h~
ran the department, some of the things he accomplished? Do
you have any criticism about anything?

CA:

Well, I wouldn"t put this in the record but I thought he was
a horrid dirty rat.
He hired me and then used me in other
unethical
ways. He was a
minister,
.of these pious
ministers, who must have his bwn way and who must be on top.
And I just disliked him.

JP:

He

CA:

Well,
he was dominating in the wrong directions.
smart, but that's about all I can say of him.

JP:

Were

was a

little bit

you allowed

too dominating?

much freedom

to go

Was

that what you'd

your own

He was

way in the

dfi~p.::trtment?

CA:

Not a great deal.
He loved to run things. This is an
example,
and certainly should not go in.the record,
but I
was coming up Broadway on an icy day and ran into one of
I
kind of wrecked my car
those iron p~les under a bridge.

�C C!'!""l"'lt:? 1 i ,;a f4l l t?.n
I~te~view~d

~y

Jenny

~eter-zell

Febr-uary 28, 1978

and was pulled
into a filling station.
I was .going to a
meeting and I telephoned th~ office that this was so and he
s;:d.d, ",Just le.:.1ve th~:~ car" tl·1el-e:• gi~t a ta&gt;:i, and !;JE~t up her-e
I mt:~&lt;::tn;
fc:.r· tt-,e meet i nq."
?~nd I never- have fc•r-t;Jotten that.
\
that is the kind of per-son that he was.
JP:

Do you feel that you were discr-iminated against for
woman pr-ofessor?

CA:

No, n6t at .all.

JP~

Were there many·women that wer-e professors?

CA:

Quite a bit.

JP•

Were the majority of students women~

bei~g

in social work1

When did you retire?
CA:

I retired,

I have.no idea.

For about 5 years.

JP~

What made you decide to r-etire?

CA~

Well, I came to the r-etirement age, 70.

JP:

Are you enjoying your r-etirement?

CP:::

!Jh \Ji.':.H::
r- .:=.

JP:

Do you still keep in touch with the university at all?

n

a

�,

.....

·

'
Cornel iat f.U len
Inter·vie~-ved by :Jt:!nny Peter·zell
No,,

Febn.\.:H··y 28,, 1978

.r dc:•n''t .

It's hard tt) pcir·k, thE"~Y don"·t i.rwit;e me,, j_'t"s
And the policies of the school are' not my policies .

remote..

CA~

A

JP~

Were you,
new this must ha0e been after you retired~
they cut out-the ~rogram in undergraduate soci~l work?

CA:

It was a good plan because it was fully run ..

JP:

DAd the program deteriorate after you. wer~ in it for so many
years? You noticed the turnover in faculty had something to
do with changing the quality of th~ program, ~a~ that it?

CA:

great dcial of· theoretical stuff with very little of the
prar.::t:i.c::.-::1_ per~;;.c•rr---"t;o ....persorr i·ncc:•rpc•rati:."!!d int!::. :i.-t: ..

Nobody

had

.::tny / par· t :i. cu 1 &lt;:::r

interest

in

when

it.

de-fc:-tt.tl t ..

I"d like to go back to your earlier days when you were on
the faculty ... I noticed something in one of' the articles
about TERA scholarships.
CA~

lhe
government
gave the scholarships, Temporary
I .
"
.
RE:;olief SchoJ.a·r-ships, to stuc!e"i"tts gr.:d.ng tc• schc)ol ..

JP~

Was this during the war?
'

'

Eme~gency

�1)/

Coi-nel i&lt;:~ Allen
Interviewed by Jenny Peterzell

Did
this bring
Depar tm~:::nt;?

February 28, 1978

the · Soc i&lt;d.

about

C::f-):

Yes.

J'Pu

Sr.:.me c··f the ei:\t·l y f'acu-J. ty m~;·mb~;?r~:; fn the· Depar-trnt:-?·nt c:.·f·
Social
Work were mentioned in some of the afticles in your
f'ile ..
One o.-r them ~·J&lt;l!S !"!~·- ..
Paul
Benjam:i.n.
Nc:•w !if!!1
:i.s a
famous anthropologist,
Is this a differ-ent
per·si::.n?

CA:

No,, he ~-var::; he&lt;:.'!d o·f the Cc:·u·nc~U. of Social Agenc::ies t•f Bu:f·f&lt;:.d.t:•
and a very brilliant and delightful person.
And he did it
just as a s~de_issue ..

JP:

And

I·

II

there

St~-Ji-.3. r~S(J f'')

was another

man,

by

the

name of

CA~

Yes, he wae head of the Family $ervice Society.

J'P;;

t·Jha·t
l~t

~rier·F.:: the!-::.e pec•ple like ii:\s te.:u:hers?
of time to teaching?

They were a dedicated lot.

JP:

There was another one,
Dr.
Eleanor L..
the f':i.rst fuJ.]. ...... timf~ pn)feissc:.r·.

CA:

l

JP:

96 you didn•t have that much contact with her ..

L~tt~more..

C:\

She was

took her place.

!\!();

·r·,;.?,.\/e

JP:

Archie

Did they devote

CA:

CA~

Mr..

n

E::.ll&lt;·= 11-Jas

~:1.

F'.f'"l •.

!)~~

ill

SC•c:ic,log)l' and not social work ..

I

no particular opinion.

What were some of the things that you accomplished while you
were in the depa~tment?

�Cm·nel ia ?U len
Interviewed by Jenny

Peterz~ll

the placement of students in
·f'"i
'f 'j
,·r·.l..
· -d
:,..'l,,·~1-· up_
.•. e.~r.
p }"d~€,..rre.,,J,
ai1
... bL-s
~ .:.
the content of the social work courses.
I guess that,s the
main thing.
I

J.....
~,r

JP~·

· ·,-; · ··-.
a1.1lJ.O••

think I

February 28, 1978

· ·111

c::r
.. · '::..• 1J.
=&gt;~•C.J.~

built up

~- - · - , - ; ~c::
c:ti;,Jt~'"··~e:..=&gt;,

"I

What were some of the courses?

L.Je lJ. ,

and

ltJe

I

had a special
he&lt;.dt?d that.

c:c•Ltl-~"-F.:'
The~

I

called psychiatric: social work
the history of ~oc:ial
~aught

JP:

Yciu seem to have a particular interest in psychiatri~ social
work,
in some of the organizations that you ·belong to.
You
were
the president of the Psychiatric Social
Workers
organi ~'!:_;:;.t ii:~n ..

CA::

t'ly f'irst, job acftt:H" sc::hi:.ol
Hc:•sp :i: te1l ..

JP::

Was that a major influence in your interest?

JP:

What
were the ~tudents like in the early day• in social
workJ
Did they seem to be more motivated than they were in
the years-before you retired?

wa:~

wi'!.:;h the

Bo~st;:)n

Not much diff~rent.
They were
interested
They did very ~'\!elL
I
ck•n,t
think thf!&gt;n?
&lt;::\i'nongst the•rn, but they wer·r~_n,t dull ..

Psyt:hc:tj:)atl"'d.c:

and dedi c:.::d;ed ..
bl·- i 1 J. i a nee

t-&gt;~C:ts

JP:

Was i t different than when you went t6 college?
of courses taught, the attitude~ of the students?

CA~

Very similar ..

The types

�······o
)·

.

C"Dr~nel ia PillE··n
Interviewed by Jenny Peterzell

..

'TP~

...}

February 28, 1978

When you were in the department, how involved t.,Jere ·yc)L.t~?
Did
hC."&lt;\te a ·lr)t c:o·f qet·-·;tC•!;jethers ~·J:i. th t:rtht::'?r memb€;!'i"!i!&gt; ~L r: thf!:~
dt::'?par·tment'? D:i.d ')li:rl..t. ~,;c:rr.:j.alize li'Jith them? Ol- did you
distant from them?

')lOU

...... f.".!,=

'-"•····

No~

~e

soc~alized

quite a

bit,

with

the absence

of Dr •

Car"pentel·-.
JP:

I

guess he wasn't too popular amonq the other people.
I

JP:

don"t think so.

There

was

another man

that

followed him,

D·f- ..

Bt.~'i1 j ~'iltn :i. n

l_yr"tc1i:si-, ..

CA:

Yes, he was a bril1iarit individual.

JP~

Did he change the

CAr.

Oh,

JT':

Were

CA:

Yes.

JP~

How

CA:

Well,
it just grew out of i+ and the undergraduates sort of
disappeared into the graduate.. The undergraduate was very
-reeb le.

JP:

You haven't mentioned abotit the work you did in Eutop• when
you were a student.

he gave

departm~nt

it stamina.

ybu involved in the
Pro~ram in social work?

~s

th~t

at all?

Lots 6f

What did he do?
new things

f.) ..&lt;:'
I

and a push-

the Master"s Degree

different from the undergraduate program?

�Ccrrnel :i.a AI len
Int•rviewed by Jenny Peterzeil

Febfuary 28, 1978

CA:

On my sabbatical, you mean?

CA:

I studied social work in the various hospital agencies.

JP:

Did you find it much different than here?

CA:

Quite different.

JP:

What were some of the differences that you did notice?

CA:

They mad• much more use of volunteers, and worked more
pur·pc•se·fu ll y.
I
i•Jas 1 i "i":ked ~d. th thf~ L.eondon' Schc:rc:• l nf
Economics, which waa the sister school to the one here in
Buffa1o. But they were more tbeoretical than practical.

JP:

So the education fnr social workers was more advanced,
practical in.this ceountry, than in Europe?

.JP::·.

But the type of
There
li'Jork.

were many

age~cies

over there

more volunteer

~ere

set up

agencies,

much

le~::.s

JP:

Were they

CA:

Yes, they were.

JP~

Did you think their system was superior to the one here?

~ffective

though, the veolunteer agencies?

paid

�Cornel :i.E:, ?U l.E-?n
Interviewed_by Jenny Peterzell

CA:

No~

JP:

It

February

28~

1978

it was different, but not superior.

must have been very ben~ficial to you to have had that
t.y to ~~c;. ove:~r ·then? and obse·I"V~? arH::! b·r :i. n~,~ be:H:: k ycn1r
knowledge over here.
i::.ppoi- tuni

yo~?

JP:

Did ihey ever come here to observe

CA:

Not

J"P:

I

JP:

Is there any advice that you would like to leave on record
for students, teachers, the university?

CA:

I
think they need to hold to their guns on the educational
fn::.n·t!, and tr.:::a1:h !YiDi""~ indiv:i.dual:i.st:i.cal.J.y, si::. that their·
product cc•me-Js out ~-vith mc··t·e int.:i.malte knoi--'Jledge Df the wc:.r·ld
th.c:u·1 ·:i.t doe!s nrM.
The:~y an: a Little r·emote and t!"Jet:rretical

JP:

Is there anything you would like tD say in regard tD ihe big
expans:i.Dn and growth out in Amherst?

CA:

I

JP~

I .am refe~ring to the great deal of building that :i.s gDing
on, and all the attention being spent on the mbney being put
i·nto bu.ildii"ri;Js .

mu~h.

They

cbuldn~t

afford it.

St?em tl:. be 1'-un·ni ng C•Ut of quest i c:.r1s ..
a ~~y~ t; !: :i ;;g t?.llse that yr:u. wqulc:l like tc:• add?_

don~t

[.,{,"")

,

:i. ~;; thE•'(" F.-?

think there is anything to say.

�...

Cc:•rne 1 i C:t A 11 er·,
Interviewed by Jenny Peterzell

February 28, 1978

CA:

I
&lt;:Mn
much
mc:rre
interested
:i.1·1
their stude·nt-.fc:u:ult·)l
relationship
and the development
in the strength of
individuals than I am in bricks ancl stone,
whi2h I think
li'JE,i""F.::
putting tc)o .muc::h time c.•n.
In fact;
I think tr··e nev-1
campus is as hbmely ~s can be.

JP:

I

CA:

By· the way, you have not mentioned Grace Russo at

JP~

I

thank you very

m~ch,

Mrs. Allen; for your willingness to .•
all~

am not familiar with that person.

CA:

She has been long in t6uch with the School of Social Work
and s~e .liVes in towM here. She has glaucoma·and is almost
blind. She was the one and· only that liked Dr. Carpenter
and had good things to say abo~t him. ~er name is Mrs.
Anthony RUsso and she lives in Bla~dell.

JP:

Do you'keep in touch with her?

CA:

Vo;:
1 -.... , j

JP:

Do you· keep in touch wjth other faculty members?

tA~

I keep in touch with Tony Kay.

. Cf.:,:

a

Yes. Whose .name ~sed to b~ Tony Krynskowski. His name is
now Tony Kay,
Anthony Kay.
I think h6 is in retirement
from the Catholic Charities.

JP: · ' But
f"t:tCUJ.

he,
ty?

at

one time,

was on

th~

School

of Social Work

:

�Con·iel :i.a Allen
I~terviewed by Jenny Peterzell
CA~

1\!e:i.ther
abt:rut.
I
am glad
thr+.:m.

CA~

"rr·. •
'oolr
II

Cf~f}!

February 28, 1978

what
you were talking
.
}

you mentioned

them~

because I

hadn"t heard of·

Mrs. Russo would have quite a bit that she could· tell you.
I'd like to get in touch with her then.

sr.e

\."JC!'l.tld be

glad

tt.":!

do

sc:.h

S!·1e hc:ts re•-tiY""ed

a'f"ld

iss. .'.le."f"Y

much
keeping on the actiVe side of life.
She still plays
golf ~ith her husband, who ru~s around and tells her where
she put the ball. She's a very nice person.
JP:

Well,
thank you for
giving me that information.
else that I have forgotten to mention?

Anything

Tht::)i-e prDbably is~ but I am not quite sure what it might be.
YDu,
of course, have the locus of the school. Where i t was
i·h Ft:•ster· Hall..
r'!y off'ice Wf.1S jusst inside the dc:•cn- of'
held

CA:

Yes, that building was torn down.
bui ldi rig
Depar· tment •

hc•·uses

the

·occupational

Therapy

CA~

Well,
it was taken down by stDrm,
the original one.
It is
no more.
The~e was a sweet
little lady that was librarian
dr.•wn thE.,-i·e namE~d l"':i.!?~s {~gne~·J.
She ~'ll&lt;:~s Sl)l"'t 6·f gr.::"lndmothe'r' tr.:r
all the st~dents and a very sweet soul.
She had her office
just at the head of the stai~s down there.

JP:

You had a library in the building itself?

�f.~ ll e~n
Interviewed by Jenny Peterzell

Cr..rr··ne 1 :i. a

t·Je 11 "
:•

~·.Jc•r k

JP~

~;!-,e

~'\iif.ts

and

February 28, 1978

librarian for everything, fcHeverything;
and
kept th£~

OK, I think that"s about it for

today~

and soc:ial
boc:.ks thf..;.re"

J.a~·J 1,

�</text>
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                <text>University of Buffalo. School of Social Work--History</text>
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                <text>Cradle Beach Camps</text>
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                <text>1978-02-28</text>
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                <text>Professor of Social Work at the University of Buffalo and the State University of New York at Buffalo, 1936-1966. Interview concerns Hull House, Cradle Beach Camp, family, School of Social Work, comments on Dean Lyndon, comments on Amherst Campus, personal memories.</text>
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                <text>&lt;strong&gt;Interviewer's Observations:&lt;/strong&gt; Mrs. Allen retired from her position as professor in the school of Social Work with a plethora of academic, community and benevolent accomplishments and contributions. As a result of a stroke suffered a few years back her health and mobility have been affected; making participation in on-campus University events nearly impossible. Mrs. Allen remains apart from University affairs today and reflects upon her former participation with little sentimentality, a degree of separateness but with unspoken satisfaction. Mrs. Allen lives in a large, decaying house in need of outside repair and painting. Barely shoveled, the path leading to the front door proved to be an obstacle. Inside, the potentially spacious home was congested with books, couches, chairs, piano and a large wooden bed that stood boldly in what must have been a dining room off the kitchen. Atop the bed lay Julia, an old white poodle, surrounded by books, piano music and papers. Mrs. Allen sat a few feet away from the over-stuffed bed in a large arm chair with her feet supported by a foot-stool and her legs covered with a blanket. During the interview she clearly recalled events and in a sequence congruous with written information this interviewer had examined in her biographical file. Yet her orientation for time was somewhat vague. Mrs. Allen was not able to pinpoint years of important events in her life. The noises in the background in one segment of the tape recording are those of Cathy preparing food in the kitchen. Cathy is a young woman whose husband and she rent the third floor apartment of Mrs. Allen's home. After the interview she informed me that Mrs. Allen has a nurse, two maids and a handyman who regularly assist Mrs. Allen.</text>
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                    <text>HARRY WHITESIDE
Harry Whiteside attended the University of Buffalo
as an undergraduate and later as a graduate student.
After teaching briefly in the geography department
at UB he began a long career as a teacher in the
Orchard Park High School, continuing his affiliation
with the University of Buffalo for some years as an
adjunct professor of sociology.
In the first part of this interview, Mr. Whiteside
discusses his childhood in Buffalo and his memories
of the University of Buffalo, which he entered as
an undergraduate just after World War II.

During

this discussion he talks about the effects of the
G.I. Bill on the University and also mentions those
University faculty members who were most influential
in his education.

He goes on to discuss his post-

graduate involvement with the University, his reasons
for resigning his full time position and his long
tenure at the Orchard Park High School.

Toward the

middle of this interview, Mr. Whiteside also discusses his decision to become a Baptist minister and
his experiences in that capacity.

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                    <text>Interviewer's observations: Harry Whiteside, April 5, 1979
We talked. in Mr. Whiteside's living room, where a large
clock ticked loudly throughout our conversation, His wife
and. son were near by in the kitchen, and_ their voices can
occasionally be heard in.the background,
After the interview, Mr. Whiteside expressed in even more
glowing terms his high respect for the University of Buffalo
and. for the professors he had. there, Dr, Pratt and Dr, Gross
clearly had a great influence on him, Unlike many people,
he is as willing to make controversial and outspoken remarks
when the tape recorder is running as when it is off.

�</text>
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                    <text>Interview with Harry Whiteside, April 5, 1979
minutes/counter
00/000

Parents; moved to Buffalo in early thirties; childhood in Buffalo; education; Hiss NcCowan at School
18; West Side YMCA; lVlurray Corbett; Cap Mellon and
Miss Bigelow at Lafayette High School,

03/070

Worked at various jobs after graduation from high
school; served in World War II; UB under GI Bill;
switched from business administration to liberal arts,
majored in sociology,

05/125

People at UB who influenced him1 Dr, Boynton, Chancellor Capen, Dr, Pratt, Nathaniel Cantor, Lou Gross;
decision to become a teacher; memories of being at
UB under GI Bill,

10/220

High opinion of UB and Capen; received master's
degree; dropped out of PhD program over matter of
principle; Adelle Land; low opinion of .Education
Department,

15/290

Taught in UB Geography Department; Elmer Handel
hired him in 1949 to teach in Orchard Park High
School where he has taught ever since; taught
sociology in adjunct faculty at UB for 20 years;
left over matter of principle; feelings about UB;
Dr, Lou Gross and his decision to become a minister;
served as assistant minister at Baptist Church in
Lackawanna,

21/370

.Educational philosophy; importance of UB for Buffalo.

26/450

.E:qual opportunity for all at UB,
second side

00/000

Further comments about UB and the ministry; teaching
in Orchard Park; changes in school system and students
since 1960s.

07/~45

Problems of academic freedom in Orchard Park and at
UB; Dr, Pratt,

10/220

OPinions about teachers' unions; teachers' strike
in orchard Park in 1975.

17/320

Role of schools,

20/370

Problems involved in UB becoming state university;
reasons for support of UB by prominent Buffalonians;
turmoj_l at UB during 1960s,

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              <text>&lt;a href="http://digital.lib.buffalo.edu/files/show/23892"&gt;Overview&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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                <text>&lt;strong&gt;Overview:&lt;/strong&gt; Harry Whiteside attended the University of Buffalo as an undergraduate and later as a graduate student. After teaching briefly in the geography department at UB he began a long career as a teacher in the Orchard Park High School, continuing his affiliation with the University of Buffalo for some years as an adjunct professor of sociology. In the first part of this interview, Mr. Whiteside discusses his childhood in Buffalo and his memories of the University of Buffalo, which he entered as an undergraduate just after World War II. During this discussion he talks about the effects of the G.I. Bill on the University and also mentions those University faculty members who were most influential in his education. He goes on to discuss his postgraduate involvement with the University, his reasons for resigning his full time position and his long tenure at the Orchard Park High School. Toward the middle of this interview, Mr. Whiteside also discusses his decision to become a Baptist minister and his experiences in that capacity.</text>
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                <text>&lt;strong&gt;Interviewer's Observations:&lt;/strong&gt; We talked in Mr. Whiteside's living room, where a large clock ticked loudly throughout our conversation, His wife and. son were near by in the kitchen, and_ their voices can occasionally be heard in.the background, After the interview, Mr. Whiteside expressed in even more glowing terms his high respect for the University of Buffalo and. for the professors he had. there, Dr, Pratt and Dr, Gross clearly had a great influence on him, Unlike many people, he is as willing to make controversial and outspoken remarks when the tape recorder is running as when it is off.</text>
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                    <text>Interviewer's Observations: Helen Weis, February 12, 1979
Miss Weis is very alert, although she is slightly deaf,
She enjoyed very much talking about her career in teaching
and her years at School 45, and made many comments f'off the
record'' about the modern over-emphasis on testing and methods
in courses for teachers. At times in the interview it was
obvious'from her facial expressions that she was po~ing fun at
herself, a fact that does not come across in the tape.
There was a space heater on the floor next to her and at
one point she kept her feet too close to it and her slippers
started smoking, She said her feet were too warm, pointed to
them with great amusement, and kept right on talking,
/')

/'l··'

lf!..)A___cU.tl.d(£~

/

~-

.

~-~.£-~o-e._--

�</text>
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                    <text>Interview with Helen Weis, February 12, 1979
minutes/counter
00/000

Childhood; education; Masten Park High School; David
Lawrence,

04/087

Attended Buffalo Normal School; taught District School,

07/165

Taught at School 56; supervised practice teaching at
State Teachers' College; went to UB to convert degree;
one year at University of California; principal at
School 45 for 32 years; interest in Camp Fire girls,

10/220

Townsend Hall; memories of Dr, Shearer; BS in 1926;
mem.ortes of Townsend Hall and Miss Agnew; Adelle Land,

15/3~0

J.Vlany friends went to college; comments about parents;
her travels,

18/355

Dr. Leary; University of California,

20/390

Being a woman prtncipal; University of California,

2 5/44-o

Days as a student at lli3,
Second side

00/000

Memories of years as principal and supervisor of
teachers; general comments about UB and State T~achers'
College.

05/140

Changing requirements for teaching; memories of taking
test to qualify for teaching,

09/210

Taught Mary Capen at School of Practice and therefore
knew the Capens; taught at the same Sunday School with
Emma Deters,

14/280

Hembership in Buffalo Business and Professional Woruen•s
Club and. Zonta; anecdote about lack of women's lavatory
in plans for Federal Building,

19/360

President of Women Teachers Association; delegate to
Federation of Teachers,

23/420

Comments about various activities; Zonta,

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&lt;a href="http://digital.lib.buffalo.edu/files/show/23895"&gt;Interviewer's Observations&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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                <text>Helen Weis</text>
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                <text>Principal of School 45 in Buffalo and alumna of the University of Buffalo Graduate School. Tape of an interview with Weis. Conducted by Brenda K. Shelton, February 12, 1979. Concerns her teaching career, her experiences at UB, membership in Buffalo Business and Professional Women's Club and Zonta, her Presidency of Women Teachers Association.</text>
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chief interest at present. A student interrupted us at one
point to ask directions. Mrs. Weinstein's car had refused to
start that morning, and we had to end the interview when the
person who had given her a ride was ready to leave,

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                    <text>Interview with Rose Weinstein, January 19, 1979
minutes/counter
00/000

Family and childhood in New Jersey; influence of her
brother; attended NYU and Smith College School of
Social Work; father's influence; excitement of living
in New York City,

07/150

Helped found Social Service ~mployees Union; reflections on being a woman in the 1920s; comments about
Dr, Nary Calderon,

10/213

Changes in field of social work as a result of the
depression; training in psychiatric case work at
Smith; emphasis on children in the 1920s and 1930s;
then shift to interest in adults; work with Air
Force during World War II.

15/320

Came to Buffalo with husband in 1946; had two
daughters; after husband's death worked part time
as social worker with Psychology Depaetment; role
of Dr, Benjamin Lyndon; research with Alcoholic
Rehabilitation Center; returned to UB Psychology
Department after death of second husband; continued
contact with School of Social \vork; interdisciplinary
approach in training people,

23/420

Reme.rks about Drs, Egan Ringwall, lVIarvin Feldman, Ira
Cohen, Olive Lester; being both a mother and a
faculty person,

27/480

Involvement of Psychology Department and School of
Social Work in the community; problem of students'
choosing what they want to do; vJeinstein started
senior seminar where students spent six hours per
week in the community,
Second Side

00/000

Additional comments about senior seminar.

09/195

Relationship with the community while UB was private;
comments about government grants and how they should
entail community service,
Weinstein's participation in community service;
Parents without Partne:bs; served. as first paid professional at Planned Parenthood,

12/250

16/320

Origins of the Bmeritus Center; cooperation of Dr,
Ketter; survey of recently retired professors;
Steering Committee included Charles Fogel, Harriet
IIJ:onte.gue, Harold Brody; development of the Center,

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                    <text>Interview with Jane Van Arsdale, February 27, 1979
minutes/counter

00/000

Born in Castile; lived nnd. attended school in many_
places; first experience as librarian; influence of
grandmother,

07/175

Two years at William Smith College; position as
librarian in.North Bessemer, then in Wilkinsburg,

13/270

Resumed college at UB Library School: Augustus Shearer;
classes at Buffalo Public Library; Library School not
accredited by American Library Association; more
about Shearer,

22/LHo

Changes ln Library School; r-1r, Rounds; World vJar II
leads to closing of Library School,

25/440

Courses at Nain Street Campus and in various lib:barles;
memorles of UB and its faculty: Oscar 2ilverman; professors from Wisconsin; Francis Bangs,

29/500

Lack of student activities; little contact with other
students; ~d Sy; Bruce Rogers.
second side

00/000

Bruce Rogers; designed book plate for Van Arsdale,

06/130

Influence of Miss MacDonald, librarian at North
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party at North Bessemer library.

10/220

More about the Library School,

12/245

Began to work at Grosvenor Library shortly before
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for trip to ~urope: lived with aunt in Buffalo,

16/315

Relationship between Grosvenor and UB professors; Dr,
Julius Pratt; connection with John Blum; friendship
with Oscar Silverman,

2)/420

Changes when Grosvenor moved to downtown library; role
in starting Rare Book Room; Julian Park.

27/475

Arrangement for Grosvenor personnel to take ·courses
at UB tuition free; VanArsdale took Russian course
begun at insistance of Daniel Bell Leary; most of
friends library people,

�Van Arsd.ale interview, second tape
00/000

Comments about students through the years: decreasing contact of library with UB; changes in
library,

12/238

Positive feeling about UB; Hilbert Award. for role
iri starting Rare Book Room; criticism of some modern
librarians; library should. serve public; Dr. Shearer,

16/319

Thefts of books from Grosvenor in 1930s; Van l~rsdale
collected Bruce Rogers editions; Julian Park; Van
Arsdale served on planning committee for new Public
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                    <text>Interviewer's observations:

~Tane

Van Arsdale, February 27, 1979

Niss Van Arsdale is badly crippled with arthritis and is
no longer able to leave her apartment, It is very difficult
for her to move, and she uses a walker. She needs to keep
taking sips of water, which she did throughout the interview,
Her mind is alert, and she keeps in contact with many of her
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of a clock ticking is audible throughout.
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and also to read some letters from him and a poem he had
written. She also showed me one of the bookplates Hogers
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                    <text>Index: Frederick Thomas, January 16, 1979
minutes/counter
00/000

Parents; reasons for his decision to enter the University of
Illinois after World War I; his experience as a toolmaker led
him to choose engineering; degree in business management.

05/120

Decision to leave industry and teach at the University of
Illinois; returned to industry, then back to teaching at the
University of Tennessee; Paul Mohn invited him to UB in 1946;
start of School of Engineering; John Beane and Charlie Fogel.

10/230

Engineering faculty; people from industry taught Millard
Fillmore; older students; development of Engineering School.

13/270

Capen's role in development of Engineering School; little
support from Buffalo industrial community; relations between
Engineering School and rest of UB.

17/325

Friendship with Furnas before he became Chancellor; memories o
McConnell; McConnell left finances to Crofts.

20/380

Reasons for the merger with the State; Thomas's feelings about
the merger now.

22/410

Engineering faculty; Thomas wanted men with experience;
doctorate not required at first; it was forced on School of
Engineering; theory versus practice.
SIDE II

00/000

blank

03/075

Impact of Puffer on UB; his relationship with Furnas.

06/165

Comments about Engineering students; not involved in student
unrest.

10/230

Comments about Ketter; about Meyerson.

14/280

Tension between science and humanities at University; higher
cost of science courses.

16/320

Changes in engineering since Thomas retired in 1968; role of
technical schools like ECC.

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                    <text>Interviewer's Observations: Frederick Thomas, January 16, 1979.

Professor Thomas seems quite unassuming and modest about
his career, but at the same time relaxed and at ease talking
about it, Be occasionally referred to some papers he had in
his lap, including a history of the Engineering Department
which he had written.
Before I started taping, lVfrs. Thomas made a number of
comments about Dr. Ketter and Dr, Furnas and. about the University in general, She obviously knew many of the people at UB
and. their wives personally. She was present throughout the
interview and whispered. a number of reminders to her husband.,
Near the beginning, she brought us coffee, asking whether I
wanted. sugar and cream, Toward the end of Side I, she indicated that she had something to say and after I stopped. the
tape recorder, she told Professor Thomas he should say something about Puffer, and then went on to say quite a bit herself. Midway through the second side of the tape, she served
us cinnamon toast, and I stopped the machine while we ate.

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                    <text>----------

~~~~--

/

//

Index: Interview with Grace Rumsey Smith, November 2, 1978

minutes/counter
00/000

Relationship of the Cary, Rumsey and Smith families;
their connection with UB,

06/153

Her mother's community activities; Charity Organization Society; father in lumber business; tradition
of community service in mother's family goes back
to Maria Love,

12/250

Childhood! education at the Franklin School; decision
to go to Vassar College and major in Economics. (Class of •28)

18/333

Involvement with Joint Charities; origins of the
Guidance Canter of Buffalo which she served as
President for many years,

21/395

Impact of depression on private agencies,

25/440

Connection of people from UB with private agencies;
School of Social w·ork; Dean Kimball of the Medical
School; Cornelia Allen.

I

i!

27/475

Ran Women's Division of War Bond Drives during World
War II.

�</text>
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                    <text>Interviewer's Observations: Grace Rumsey Smith

Miss Smith lives in an apartment with her unmarried
sister, Before we began the interview, she showed me the
fa.mily portraits hanging on the walls in most of the rooms,
They cover many generations of the Rumsey, Cary, and Smith
families, and lVIiss Smith can trace in detail the relationships between them all.
Miss Smith, both when I called to make an appointment
and prior to the interview, expressed concern that she would
be unable to contribute much, She seemed to relax a little
as she talked about her family and her community activities,
but she became very nervous after I changed the tape and
asked about her experiences as a member of the UB Council,
Maybe I was nervous, too, but whatever the reason, the second
side did not record, In the fiftean missing minutes, she
responded very briefly to questions about her role an the
Council, her memories of the people she served with and of
those members of the administration and faculty whom she
met, and her views on the merger. She could remember few
individuals on the Council, and mentioned onlY Dr, Perry,
Dr, Silverman and Dr. Thorn from the University, She
opposed the merger, and felt the University was forced into
it by the State, but she had nothing to say about the
views or the actions of the Council on the matter, She
said that she reall~ did not ever understand why she was
asked to serve on the Council in the first place, But she
also made clear that she, like members of her family before
her, regarded UB as h~~ university, that she had always been
prou•·d of it and felt a sense of obligation toward it, She
made the comment as I was leaving that somehow, since the
move to Amherst (which she opposed), she no longer felt that
it was Buffalo's university,

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                    <text>GRACE RUMSEY SMITH
Grace Rumsey Smith was a member of the University of
Buffalo Council from 1948-1963.

For many years she

was also active in several community agencies in
Buffalo and served for a time as president of the
Guidance of Buffalo.
In this brief interview, Miss Smith discusses her
family background, her childhood and education, and
her longtime involvement with Buffalo community agencies and projects.

She mentions specifically the War

Bond Drive of the 1940's and later activities with
Joint Charities and the Guidance Center of Buffalo.
Due to a tape malfunction, the last half of this interview was not recorded and as a result no discussion
of the University of Buffalo Council is included.

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                <text>&lt;strong&gt;Overview:&lt;/strong&gt; Grace Rumsey Smith was a member of the University of Buffalo Council from 1948-1963. For many years she was also active in several community agencies in Buffalo and served for a time as president of the Guidance of Buffalo. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;In this brief interview, Miss Smith discusses her family background, her childhood and education, and her longtime involvement with Buffalo community agencies and projects. She mentions specifically the War Bond Drive of the 1940's and later activities with Joint Charities and the Guidance Center of Buffalo. Due to a tape malfunction, the last half of this interview was not recorded and as a result no discussion of the University of Buffalo Council is included.</text>
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                    <text>Interview with Anne W. Sengbusch, April 25, 1978 (interviewer Jenny Peterzell
SIDE I
001

Grew up in Vermont ... came to Buffalo to study nursing at what
is now Meyer Memorial ... had planned to go to University of
Vermont, but was impressed by catalogs ... took three-year
program then completed baccalaureate and masters at University
of Buffalo

029

Was an only child ... parents disappointed that she did not go
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College (used to be Goddard Seminary) ... felt it was important
to go away to school ... later parents were proud of her

046

Program in 1927 ... apprentice system ... classes and proctors/
tutors ..• contact with patients to develop elementary skills ...
supervised by a registered nurse

066

Buffalo City Hospital ... large, prominent institution ... learned
nursing by progressing from simple to complex things in
correlation with classes ... every medical service was available
at "the Meyer" ... many out-patients clinics ... excellent program

091

Need for further education for nurses increased in the mid-30's .•.
recognized importance of stronger scientific background and a
background in the social sciences, particularly psychology and
sociology ... apprentice system no longer completely satisfactory

106

Apprentice system had been adequate "for that time" ... didn't
practice nursing for very many years ... married and went into
nursing education at the University in the mid-30's

119

Continued at the hospital as Assistant Director of Nursing ...
started her education at the University ... few nurses had done
any "University work"

131

Husband a graduate of. U.B. Law School

133

Enjoyed teaching, contact with students ... highly specialized
program ... faculty served as student advisors

144

No organized programs or patterns such as exist today ... pattern
constructed "as we went along" ... very stimulating ... students
were very mature (at that time they were all registered nurses)
no such thing as students of nursing

152

Introduced so-called Basic Program in Nursing at U.B. in 1951 ...
Four-year program combining science, academic and nursing
leading to State registration ... frequently seminar-type instruction
because the students were all professional people with years
of experience

165

Younger students, out of high school, had different needs ...
close contact with undergraduate students

�Sengbusch

page 2

SIDE I (cont'd.)
174

Started with small groups ... admittance standards ... began with
concepts of what kind of person to admit and what type of
preparation "to help develop the qualities they brought with
them"

188

A select program, selective admissions .•. high standards .•.
personally interviewed all candidates "and worked with them
all the way through" ... frequent conferences with students

199

Dependent upon clinical facilities of community hospitals ...
students never just assigned to a hospital, always a faculty
member for every three to four students in any clinical setting

207

First to have· student nurses at Veteran's Hospital ... used
nursing homes, etc .... hospitals still maintained their threeyear programs

220

Full-time one year program developed for hospital nursing
schools: basic science, academic work ... students from the
five area hospitals came to campus ... gained foundation on
which to build •.. trend toward requiring more education to prepare for more complex demands of nursing

242

University had ideal progrrun

250

Retired as Dean in 1965, remained until 1968 working on records,
histories

254

Cannot comment on admissions policy after 1965

268

Spent time from 1965 to 1968 collecti~g original documents and
papers concerning history of the School of Nursing ... attempted
to show the changes that had occurred in the field of nursing
"in that very timely period for nursing" ..• change from apprentice
system to university system ... period of drastic change

289

Tried to "reflect the change in thinking by analyzing the
curriculum and the changes that occurred with each curriculum
revision"

294

Prepared document on the accreditation of the School ... nation-wide association: American Association of Collegiate Schools
of Nursing ... University was a charter member ... was officer for
a number of years ... worked toward promoting university education
for nurses ... the Association became the accrediting body

316

Active and an officer in League for Nursing Education in New
York State

319

Nine years a member of the Board of Examiners of Nursing which
prepared examinations, certified the examinations, and
administered the candidates for licensure in the State

�Sengbusch

page 3

SIDE I (cont'd.)
327

In the mid-1940's a national exam was used as the instrument
for licensure in professional nursing nationwide

344

Founder of School of Nursing ... degree in Education ... took
medical s6ience courses through the School of Medicine

359

Originally came to University in 1935 to help administer the
individual science and academic courses to hospital students ...
position was in the School of Medicine ... title was Assistant
to the Dean, School of Medicine and Educational Advisor to
Nurses

379

In 1936 a Division of Nursing was established

388

Help and encouragement from University and hospitals
END OF SIDE I

SIDE II
001

Division of Nursing formalized to provide basis for future
development

009

Dr. Capen was a gentleman and a scholar in truest sense ...
dignified, intellectual, sense of humor, very human ... gave
suppo:C't and encouragement

018

Earl McGrath, Capen 1 s assistant in overall administration ...
devoted to high standards ... great intellectual ability and
humor

027

Social occasions but fewer during Capen years than under
different administrations

035

First office at School of Medicine, 24 High Street ... next in
Townsend Hall, 25 Niagara Square in converted dressing rooms
behind a stage ... also at Townsend: School of Social Work,
Treasurer's Office, business offices and Millard Fillmore
College ... nursing courses given evening and summers for
graduate students

058

Next move to Foster Hall on Main Street Campus .•. then to
Sherman Hall while schools of nursing and pharmacy were
being built (1960)

068

Not many students outside Nursing took nursing courses ...

078

Change during 1950's ... originally University education in
nursing was designed to prepare students for teaching, supel"vising clinical practice or administering nursing programs
( TSA majors) ... teaching of· nursing practice (at U.B.) began

�Sengbusch

page 4

SIDE II (cant 'd.)
078
with the Basic Program ... specialization at the Masters level
(cant' d.) now common
100

Did no actual research, prefer to call it statistical reporting - an ongoing process

109

U.B. was
been the
College,
Teaching

118

For a long time all teachers and supervisors nationwide were
from either Columbia or University of Chicago ••. deans and
directors were colleagues in Collegiate School Association

124

No longer involved in professi anal groups, etc •.. now interested
in gardening, reading, walking, etc ... comfortable, contented

138

Chose early retirement after 34 active years

149

Women in nursing, administration ... sensed no antagonism ... men
in nursing no\v throughout the country

169

Advice to today's students in nursing: get sound background,
set goal in a clinical specialty, plan on a "six year run."

185

Gap between teacher and practitioner ..• any teacher must also
be a "fine practitioner."

204

Most enjoyed the "building years" .•• worked closely with the
hospital schools, administrators, academic departments, etc.

222

Has completed career segment of life ... "I have preferred to
remove myself ..• and wish them well."

236

END OF TAPE

one of the early nursing schools ... Yale may have
first ... Vanderbilt University was early ..• Teachers
Columbia was first to offer Supervisory Administration
Program

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                <text>Director, later Dean, of the School of Nursing at the University of Buffalo and the State University of New York at Buffalo, 1940-1965; alumna of the University of Buffalo School of Nursing. Tape of an interview with Sengbusch conducted by Jenny Peterzell, April 25, 1978; concerns her education, connection with the University.</text>
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                    <text>Interview with JJ!ischa Schneider, March

8, 1979

minutes/counter
00/000

Born in Vilna; started the cello at age eight; role
of father; studied at Leipzig,
gl-~ff...a.JL,, ~~~o~~J?~-

'

Co~f2n-J)..

05/107

Joined Budapest String Quartet in Paris in 1929; first
came to the United States and to Buffalo in 19)0;
played at home of Cameron Baird's mother; role of
Gamer on Baird and his wife Jane,

11/220

Budapest String Quartet came to UB in 1962; Slee
Foundation; first impressions of Buffalo,

25/285

Years at UB; difficulties of studying music at an
American university; special problems involved in
becoming a performing musician,

25/435

Reasons for bringing the Budapest ~~uartet to UB;
role of Mrs, Baird and others in Buffalo; relationship with Furnas; l:lttle contact with UB faculty
members; did not enjoy committee work,
second sid.e

00/000

Early education; importance of his father; his ideas
about child rearing; what it takes to become a performing musician,

10/200

Large proportion of Jewish musicians; Jewish talent
for "reproducing;" anti-Semitism,

15/280

Reasons for staying in Buffalo after retirement;
few contacts with UB; still sees Livingston Gehrhart
and Steve Mannis; also Jane Baird.

18/)40

United States failure to support the arts; lack of
fac:tlities for the performing arts in Buffalo

2)/460

Lack of good students at UB music department; increase in interest in music among students in recent
years.

IJ )
~ a.-5;; '"/&gt;\a...

·

�</text>
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                    <text>Interviewer's observations: Mischa Schneider, March 8, 1979

Although Mr. Schneider suffered. nerve damage in his spine
as a r~sult of an operation and uses a cane, he is still very
active, and continues to travel throughout the country
teaching, He has a very expressive race, and. gestures often
with h:l s hands. He has a clelightful sense of humor, almost
puckish, and we had·a most enjoyable conversation before and.
after the interview,

�</text>
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�Mischa Schneider (Tape 1, Side 2)
of being there and tons of book~ and reading and reading and
books and books and reading he got sick of it
and he
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year old young man,
he had to practice again and that is
very difficult..
Because then your brain,
you already have
intelligence,
you can already differentiate between what is
qoc:od &lt;::'ti'..!CI b&lt;::td .
11

BS:

So your son is a musician?
\··· t::! ~::~

!I

fi'i ·~./

rn .i::t r· 'r'" i F::: d ..

yo\. \tlCJf.f.•!::;t r::;orl .
He is a pianist ..

C\::.pt.·:.•rlhD.qE~r·,

.

:i.!::;

BS:

Your other son did not .

MS:

No, my other son is not.

BS:

Is your wife?

MS:

No, absolutely .
I have two daughters .
One is very musical,
but she didn"t practice either and now she is very sad about
:·1. t: ..
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how beautiful it would be if I
could sit down at the piano
and play a Bach
[can"t understand]
or a Beethoven
!::=.onat,"·'·•
f.)Jl
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:i.!::&gt;
·for.. t!·. ,l:::
piano,
written by the qreat composers..
How wonderful it is
if you can play the instrument and be your own master .
Because a pianist, you don•t need anybody, you can do it for
yourself.
Now she can't do it..
When you grow up,
when you
get older then you see how many wonderful things one just
throws out in the air.
I am sure,
you smile, you don•t say
anything, but I am sure, do you have children?
11

11

~~=

You see, so you know .....

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very, very important.
I think young children cannot decide
what they want to do.
The parents have to decide for the
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know Chekov,
the playwright? You know,
he was a doctor.
And then when he was already a doctor,
he suddenly decidedi
write,
to become a playwriqht.
And one of the greatest

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�l I

Mischa Schneider

BS:

(Tape 1, Side 2)

/

Why do you think it 1s that so many great cellists have been
r(u!:;;o,:;:i. ii:tr·,?
Hh ·"~ t

:i. ~::~ :i. t ?

L,Jhy?

do ·yot.\ t!..., :\."i""ik ~::~D rnar·:y of the great cellists have been
Russian? Because really so many of them have, rather out of
pr· opc:.r· t i i::or·, .

h!!..·,y

!""! :~3 ::

I
d () r·, :• t t !.."t i r.., k i t :~. ~:; i£:1 h C:• u t r:: u !:::. !:::. :1..:::•. r·: :•
:i. t :• !::; ] E': ~·.) i ~:; !·.., "
F 0 r t !..., :i. !:!i
little race,
the percentage of great players is tremendous ..
Because,
I don"t know what it is,
the Jewish people have a
certain gift for
reproducing,
not only music but
in
everything else..
I read somewhere now,
of course he was
such a fantastic genius, Einstein, but he said that with him
fantasy was a very important thing in his quest for finding
out about the relativity.
That he imagined that there must
b f.':) ~:. i::O IH Ed; j···, :i. "i"HJ somewhere, somewhere there, and then he kept on
go :i. r·,g..
You see the Jewish people have a fantastic gift for
rE::·rn··oc!uc:: i r..,q ,, the reproductive talent.
Speaking of that, now you obviously ran into difficulties in
Germany with
anti-Jewish people ..
Was this true in the
conservatory there?

MS:

No,
not in my time.
I was there in 1920.
That was not yet
·canq:::.;:,,r·,t .
(.::J"nt:\....... ~:ii::O·init:i.!::;rn
hiHl!:!i i:Otl'.'·)i:'ly~:; bi:;H::)r·,,
&lt;::lrH::! I di::or·,''t t!···,:i.r·,k
it will ever change,
unless we are going to be
[don't
know this word] •..
to children •..
that the Jews are not
the ones that killed Christ,
if that is going to be then
perhaps we are not going because there
is so much without
beinq aware of it, that they have done something ...

MS:

Everywhere,
I don't know any country, except Israel, that's
the only place where you are, you can say whatever you want.
Every country,
yes,
more or less,
some are very, although
the people that I know there is not,
but I know there are
many.
You'll
remember we had some controversy with one of
the chief of staff here in America that he said that money
:i. !:~ n '' t . .. .
t h E': !:·.; &lt;::1 r1 k !::; &lt;::•. r.. ,,,,. • • ..
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true,
you know.
1 mean,
sure,
there are Jewish people,
financiers,
who are very rich
but the percentage of the
other ones is heavy too.
But such little remarks,
that"s
what..
The brother of our president now,
Billy,
you know
what he said,
when he had the Arabs,
and he said it in bad
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�Mischa Schneider &lt;Tape 1, Side 2&gt;
lpJ() 'I" c:!
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I
cou. 1 dr·, '' '1:;
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I d(::.·, . , '' t know when that is
y()\..l k'I"!Cr~·J.
understand before] ...
\;) C• i rHJ
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t 1..., i::'t t i:':'t r·d; i ......~:; f::·:·m i t; :i. ~:,in ,,
but
its not the
c•c,l y
i:':'t'l":t i ...... ~:;E·nd. t i ~:::.rn ,,
&lt;::t'l"d; i ,,
Etrd:; :;. ,,
anti-~c:rmething everywhere.

BS:

That is the most important thing, there always has to be
someone to be against.

MS:

Absolutely, there has to be .•

B~::l

::

It seems to be an unfortunate part of human nature.
curious why you chose to stay
in Buffalo after you retired
from the University.

MS:

You can see all the books,
all the things,
when I think of
that,
to start to pack everything and to put,
I just don't
have,
and neither dc:res my wife, have the energy to do that.
And we have a
beautiful house,
the summers are wonderful
here,
you don't have the terrific heat that you have, and I
don't go out except when I have to gc:r Philadelphia,
to fly,
and when it's a storm that's not so gc:rod.
But I've been
away now for
a whole month.
I was in Califc:rrnia for two
weeks and that was the most beautiful sunny weather I had.
I've been reading in the papers of Buffalo below 5, 0, below
8,
below 10 and
I
mean the whole eastern part
of the
country,
and then I
went to,
I
have a son who lives in
F'l"·,of:::r·,:i. ;.; ,,
(',r· :i. ~':o·, ..,:::t :•
I ~\lE•r'd.:
t!"Hc~·, . ~::=:.
It hli::'t~=:; 1::)1,:;~,·::\t.d; i fu 1 tc:ro ,,
wonderful weather,
then
I arrived here and
I couldn't
believe my eyes when I arrived at the airport, no snow.
That was a great surprise that I had.

BS:

Do you maintain any contact with the University?

MS:

None whatsoever.

I see, sometimes, Livingston Gearhart.

He

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1

But,
otherwise,
and Steve Manes,
I see him every week
because they have two little children and you see that's why
we have all these
little things,
because the bc:ry is fc:rur
years old.
They come and they draw and dc:r all
kinds of
t !"'1 i 'I'H:.:J !::; •
BS:

That's interesting that there would be no further contact.
It's obvious that you were on the periphery.

MS:

I
didn't because
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�Mischa Schneider (Tape 1, Side 2)

Paqe

to listen,
that is the only thing that I know.
To me it is
a gory, its a whole building, I have the feeling like always
a ..•
[Russian word] ... like when you have a bad dream and
you see some kind of buildings that don't have,
that's how
it looks when you come.
They are certainly not going to put
on this SUNY business, what I am talking about . . . . [laughsJ
BS:

That's what we like to hear, is people's ideas.

End of Interview

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                    <text>Index:

Interview with Robert Parke on October 26, 1976

Minutes/counter

Side I

00/000

The University of Buffalo at the opening of Norton Hall
in 1934--the roads were in bad condition, but the grounds
seemed quite spacious.

03/035

Chancellor Capen, "small man, slight in build'( succeeded
in building a "progressive liberal university" on only
limited funds; comments regarding the University's
financial situation.

07/075

Capen's support of academic freedom based on Constitutional guarantee of freedom of.speech; "the University
will always bear the imprint of that liberal attitude."

09/100

·controversial faculty members; Nathaniel Cantor; employed
teaching methods designed to stimulate analysis and
creative thinking.

13/150

Parke's appointment as Director of Norton Union; only
candidate for the position who did not graduate from UB;
thought he would be with the University for a long time.

17/200

Difficulties beginning operations at Norton; enjoyment
of job; administrative differences between the Board of
Managers and the Board of Directors.

19/225

Chancellor Capen's involvement in student affairs; the
University Administration.

21/255

Physical description of Norton Union; food costs; problem with auditorium floor.

25/310

Student activities; important in helping to build confidence and a sense of responsibility; controversy over
the benefits of planned student activitie~; objections
from some faculty.

30/415

Optimis~ic

time for UB despite the Depression.

Side II
00/000

Students' attitudes toward the University.

01/005

Faculty involved in student activities--Bert Lemon, Al
Brumbaugh, Carleton Scofield, Benjamin Baker; personnel
officer Edward Jones.

06/060

Relationship between Norton Union and the athletics program; little interaction; athletics not very important
at UB; remembers problem concerning community disapproval
of female athletes wearing shorts.

�Robert Parke

page 2

Minutes/counter

Side II (cont'd.)

09/095

Dorothy Haas; very able administrator, also got along
well with people; very important to Norton Union.

11/120

More on Haas; Dean

12/140

Role of fraternities and sororities in University life;
housed off campus but still important force; many of
the most active students were in Greek organizations;
Verol Reger, one example--member of fraternity and at
one time president of Norton Union; most students commuted.

16/190

Description of area surrounding the University in the
late 1930's; primarily private residences.

21/240

Dean Julian Park; relationship between students and
faculty; accessibility of Chancellor Capen; incident
involving a marble bench in Lockwood Library.

26/330

Character of the student body; anecdote told by Dr.
Grant Hector.

Lillia~

MacDonald.

Side III
00/000

Dr. Hector; faculty student-affairs.

03./030

Tutorial system at UB; Parke's involvement with national
student personnel organizations; controv~~sy concerning
a proposed Wisconsin law making it mandatory to serve
cheese at every meal.

08/085

Mrs. Parke's relationship to UB; role in establishing
cooperative nursery school; eventual retirement.

14/155

Parke's reason for leaving UB, wanted to pe involved
with the war effort; employed by the Sterling Engine
Company as an industrial trainer; 1946 went into real
estate with Parke, Hall and Company.

18/205

Fenton Parke; started the Buffalo City Planning Association with Chauncey Hamlin; interest in clock collecting
and Lincolnalia.

25/310

Margaret Kidd Parke; involvement in Buffalp civic affairs;
early death.

26/340

Decision to attend Antioch College; reorganization of
the school by Arthur E. Morgan.

29/400

End of interview.

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                    <text>October 1, 1991

\

I

JC:

We are going to be discussing the history of the current
Honors Program at the University at Buffalo.

I want to thank

you, Barbara, for agreeing to this interview, and I think that
we should have an interesting discussion here.
question that I have for you is:

The first

If you could give me some

idea of how you became involved with the development of the
current Honors Program at UB.

BH:

Yes,

Bob Ketter decided that he wanted to reestablish an

official Honors Program for a small number of students, Josie.
I think he had ten at the outset and maybe twenty all tolled
was what he had in mind.· And it's

my

understanding that after

he had asked twelve other people to chair the committee, he
got to me.
I' 11

(laughter)

do it."

But, I'm not proud, so I said "Sure,

So he put the committee together,

and we

starting meeting, and he came in to give us our charge.

And

I can't remember the exact time limit, but it was less'than a
year that we had to get this thing ready to take the students
in the following fall.

So we had lots of meetings, we had a

committee that was very interested in what they were doing,
was often a very contentious group, and we did it.

JC:

Can you elaborate a little bit on what you feel were Ketter's
reasons for wanting to

reestab~ish

1

the Honors Program.

�BH:

I

think

that

as we were

talking earlier in our little

conversation about the importance of Capen here, as I said,
Capen was a particular idle of Bob Ketter.
something to do with it.

That may have had

I am not sure that he saw it as much

as a recruitment tool as a subsequent president did.

I think

that had to be on his mind, but he wasn't after big numbers.
I think he simply wanted us to have a program that would
display the best of our talents.

JC:

Do you remember, in going back through the material that I
had, Vico College?

BH:

Yes, that was a tough one.

I'm trying to remember who was one

of the leaders in it.

JC:

Murray Schwartz.

BH:

Murray, but there was another guy in the English department
who hates athletics.

JC:

Stefan Fleischer?

BH:

No, Stefan isn't so bad about it.

I'll think of him, but

anyway, yes, I remember that because, believe it or not, I was
also on the committee that reviewed all the colleges.

2

�JC:

Because one of the things I found when I was going through the
materials that we have stored in the Honors Office,
recommendation

that

Vico

College

wanted

to

was a

establish

a

classical college which, in fact, would be an honors college.
Did any discussion of that come up in your committee early on?

BH:

No,

I don't remember hearing anything about that at all.

I

sort of vaguely remember that that was the orientation that
group had and that's why I said that it was a really tough
group.

As a matter of fact, I think it was one of the first

colleges

that

students.

failed

because

they

couldn't

get

enough

They were very, very demanding.

JC:

At a time when things were going in a very loose direction?

BH:

That's right.

JC:

What made you decide to take up the chair for the Honors
Program?

BH:

Oh, I guess I was just young and eager and thought it would be
an interesting thing to look at.
in it.

I had no particular interest

In fact, I had a difficult time, as I think some of

the other members did,

because I .... it took me

convince myself that being elitist was OK,

a while

and I

to

finally

developed the arguments which I later used to try to prove
3

�that

~

it

OK.

I

mean you can't

argue,

it's

a

state

university, and everybody ought to be treated equally.

But

that isn't the way that life goes, and we have all sorts of
special programs for the handicapped, the less well-trained,
that sort of stuff, and I convinced myself that it was unfair
that we didn't have a program for the opposite end of the
coin,

for the truly academically talented,

and whenever I

would be accused of elitism, that would be my argument.

We're

elitists down here, why can't we be elitists up here?

And it

stopped a lot of discussion.

JC:

How did the other committee members feel about it?

Did they

buy your

creative

argument

or

did

they

have

some

other

arguments?

BH:

No,

I

think the number of them that came in like I

would

guess, say that Stefan and Bernie Gelbaum, they didn't have
any problem with that particular idea of doing something
special

for

the upper end of the realm.

Others

like Ed

Jenkins, and to some extent, I think Marjorie Girth, sort of
had the same whim, whammies that I did.

But, yeah, that was

a reasoned argument, and we certainly went through with it and
gave the Honors Program as much support as we could after
that.

JC:

How would you describe your role with the committee?
4

Once you

�got into it, did you have a certain mission in mind, or ...

BH:

We started with essentially nothing but a charge - 'Give me an
Honors Program, and do it in a very short period of time.'

We

had a good librarian on there who is no longer with the
University, and we looked at some other charters and ways that
other people did it and so forth.

And I think that the

biggest argument that we had going on in that committee was
how to distribute the $2,000 to the students.

I mean, that

figure, I don't remember how we arrived at it, but we did, or
we were told we could do it, whichever it tJt.Tas.

And we had the

standard group who wanted to put so much in a dormitory, and
so much in a book store, or ... , and then the kid could go draw
on this, and then you had the rebels who said, 'Hey, these are
supposed to be real bright kids.
$2,000

(bucks)

Let's just give them the

and let them do what they want with it.'

Ahh ... that took us a little while to fight that out.

But we

finally did and decided to go that route, because, yes, we had
convinced ourselves these were going to be very bright kids,
and they ought to learn to take care of themselves right off
the bat.

Another one was trying to decide what the grade

point average that they should maintain, was going to be set
at and you'd have, again, sort of a purest approach which
says,

'Well, you know, this ought to be a 4.0 or something

very, very high, 3.8 something like that.'

And then you'd

have, I don't know if they were the rebels or what who said,
5

�'Hey, look, we don't want these kids here just grubbing for
grades.

We want them here to experience everything that we

can give them and to teach us other things that can be given,
and you can not put that kind of a onus on them or they'll
take nothing but courses they know they can ace.'
some long discussion,

So, after

we came up with an overall of 3. 2.

Later on you will ask me why it got changed to 3.5 at which
point

we

had

probably

better

blister

the

microphone.

(laughter)

JC:

You mentioned money.

Was that a given right off the bat?

BH:

Yes.

JC:

And was that Ketter's idea, or ...

BH:

Yes.

As I remember it was Ketter's idea that these people

would get a stipend,
involved.

and so we knew that there was money

So that's what raised the question of how do you

spend it?, how did you let the kids handle it?

JC:

Okay.

Once Ketter gave you the charge, did he interfere very

much with ... I mean, did he have certain ideas that he wanted
to see develop or did he just ... ?

BH:

He did not interfere.

If I recall correctly, I think we asked
6

�him to come back after he had given us the charge and have a
discussion with us because we were contentious, and he did so
reluctantly and basically told us to get on with the charge he
had given us.

And that was it.

And when we brought the

proposal to him, I don't remember any portion of the proposal
being changed, to be very honest about it.
loose proposal, purposely.

I mean,

But it was a very

we did not want very

strong, strenuous rules because we thought the program had to
grow and that we had to learn.

None of us had ever been

associated with this type of an endeavor, and that we just
simply had to be willing to roll with it and to let the
program grow and to learn from the people in the program what the better things to do were.

JC:

When you were developing this, did you look at other Honors
Programs that existed across the country?

BH:

Yeah, we had some data as I recall on some of the other Honors
Programs that were available, and we also looked at a little
bit, I think it was a paper by Julian Park, and it's probably
in the stuff that you have at the office about our own program
that we had here.

And,

I

think I'm very proud of

committee because we did not really copy anyone.

the

And it's

something that I've long had a strong feeling about and that
is that if it works at the University at Chicago, that's fine
but we're not the University of Chicago.
7

And we have to

�develop our programs according to the talents that we have
here.

And the whole committee seemed to feel that way; they

wanted to do their own thing.

We may have done exactly what

ten other places have done, but if we did, we didn't know it.

JC:

Well, you haven't done what ten other places have done in that
sense.

We're very, we're very unique.

(laughter)

BH:

Good.

That's what we wanted to be.

JC:

The more we go out and see what other schools are doing
through the National Collegiate Honors Council Forum, we've
realized

that

we

are

fairly

unique

1n

that

Particularly with providing scholarship monies.
there

are

other

schools

that

have

respect.
Although

extensive budgets

for

programs, a lot of that, that's where we're a little on the
thin side, obviously.

Did you, as a committee, were you very self-contained or did
you

solicit

opinions?

people

from within

the

University

for

their

Was this something that they just wanted to present

and say this is it and it exists or was there a need to go to
the Faculty Senate and get their approval?

BH:

As I recall, we were very self-contained.
asking anyone particularly in,
8

I don't remember

that doesn't mean that

the

�members of the committee did not have discussions with their
colleagues and that sort of thing, but it was a
committee.

~

focused

We had a short period of time, too, and we were

going to meet that deadline to come up with this plan.

In a

way it was a very fortunate committee because we knew that if
we carne up with anything that was reasonable, it was gonna be
implemented.

I mean there are very few committees that know

that their recommendations are gonna be implemented.

So I

mean we were really very focused on corning up with something
that could be implemented and could work.
self-contained committee.

So we were a very

As a matter of fact, we met 1n a

very small room, we were sitting all over each other.

And it

was, and the committee members were there, we were meeting
sometimes 2-3 times a week, as I remember.
there.

And they were

There wasn't any of this business of getting tired of

it and sloughing off and all that, and I think part of that
was also the brief amount of time that we had.
know, get at it - do it and you're done.
did we have to go to the Faculty Senate?

We knew, you

And now you asked,
Nope.

It was called

the Presidential Honors Program, as I recall, and it did not
involve any change in curriculum over which of course the
Senate has control.

All it involved was passing out some

money, a selection process which the committee also worked
out, basically Gerry Rising worked it out, and then setting up
someone to oversee the program.
Senate approval.

So it did not require Faculty

The President simply gave the money and put
9

�it into effect.

JC:

Did you have little sub committees from the general committee?
And how did they function?

BH:

We probably did but to be very honest, I don't remember.

The

main thing I remember is that it was a committee of the whole.
I mean, you'd get into an argument - Ed Jenkins presented his
side of the coin every time he had an opportunity.

Bernie

Gelbaum had his own particular slant on it, and we came from
very different approaches.

And I think maybe one of the

reasons that we were successful was that we were willing to
wait and see what happened - get it started and let's wait and
see what happens.

JC:

Do you remember what any of the major arguments or some of the
better ones that people had or put forth?

BH:

A major argument was of course always was always how you were
going to get minority representation to which we still don't
have any answer.

A major argument was what's going to be the

grade point average that these students have to maintain.
argument about what

curriculum could they take and,

An
for

instance, the same thing that you still get that if they're in
a

natural

sciences,

or

mathematics

curriculum

engineering where the grading is traditionally low.
10

or

an

Should we

�take that into account as compared to social sciences where
the grading is traditionally high and obviously nothing was
done about that because we kept saying, 'Well, let's try it
and see what happens.

We can always change it.'

(laughter)

And to the best of my knowledge, we haven't changed that yet,
although we've had many requests to do so.

JC:

Every now and then, Denny Malone will pull me to the corner
and say- 'Oh, by the way, ... '

And Reichert also does that.

BH:

And Jonathan Reichert, yeah.

JC:

The two of them form a team together.

BH:

Oh, yeah, yeah.

BH:

Yeah.

And yet you have a lot of engineers in that program who

manage to stay in the program pretty well.

But if you're

looking for the top talent and you're defining that top talent
by a grade point average, then I guess you just have to figure
that the people who are in engineering had better be the very
best, the very tops in engineering.

JC:

Were there any other people on the committee besides yourself
who sort of stand out or really had a major impact?

11

�BH:

Well, I think I've mentioned the ones that from my waning
memory, Stefan Fleischer was great,

really~

interesting.

Relates some very good ideas and was really a very good
committee member.

Ed Jenkins with his particular slant which

was an important slant.
compromiser.

Marjorie Girth was a magnificent

She could just calm things down and come up with

a little slant that was in there.
cantankerous,

straightforward,

addressed the issues.
bush with Bernie.

Bernie, who was his usual

contentious

he

'What are ya worrying

They're too damn dumb to get in the

program, then they don't get in the program.
is to it.'

But

I mean there was no running around the

He brought it on,

about the minorities.

self.

Oh, here we go.

That's all that

I guess and Gerry Rising who is

undoubtedly probably the fairest person I've ever run into and
would calm us down and back us off every once in a while when
we'd get into some of these discussions.

And Gerry was the

one who came up with the weighting system that we have.

The

SAT's, the grades in high school and the rank in high school.
'Cause that was, of course, was a major problem, is how do you
select these people.
essay,

The first year they had to write an

it seems to me that ... was Jack Peradotto on that

committee?

He may have been at least, I know he had to read

the essays.

JC:

He was Dean at that time.

12

�BH:

Was that it?
this.

OK, because I know he was somehow involved with

And so they had to write an essay you know; "Why do I

want to come to the Honors Program at UB?"

I think that only

lasted one year.

And from then on,

(laughter)

It was awful.

it's been as you know just a straight, down the line sort of
thing,

which apparently

problems.

has

not

got

us

into

any major

I can remember a couple of times that that might

have been a disaster and that an interview might have been a
much better idea.

But since we haven't changed it, I assume

that that has worked out fairly well.

JC:

Yes, there have been very few problems, at least, and I think
the other thing is that perhaps for some of those students
that we might have rejected, who were having a hard time
dealing with the fact they they were very bright but felt very
awkward or uncomfortable about it or were made to feel that
way about it.

That it's very nice to see them let go of that

and develop, sort of 'de-nerd' themselves, if I may use that
phrase.

(laughter)

There are a few nerds, and they sort of

get 'de-nerded', and it's nice to see that.

It's nice to see

them feel comfortable among their peers and take advantage of
the University.
the whole,
probably

So, as you say, it really was a committee of

then,

in part

that everybody was committed to this and
because

they

felt

that

they

could do

something; it wasn't just a committee that was going to spin
its wheels.
13

�BH:

Yeah, oh yeah.

That was one of the neatest things that Bob

did - he said 'You've got this short period of time, and 'this
is what I want you to do.

And when you do it, if it's good

enough, I'm going to put it in place.

We're not going to wait

two or three years to thank you.'

Another thing that was

going on at that time was that the SUNY Central was trying to
develop their own vision of an Honors Program which would
utilize all of the SUNY system.
any one school.

You didn't have to stay in

We were aware that that was going on, and

that it had been going on for some time and that may have been
part of the reason why Bob put the push on because it didn't
look like the thing was ever going to materialize.

And we had

been patient, or he had been patient and waited you know to be
a good boy and get into the SUNY system.
look like it was going to come up.

But it just didn't

I think it finally did.

They finally did promulgate some rules and regulations and
probably far too well set in granite.

But one of the things,

this was after our program was in place, was that their median
grade, their grade point average that had to be met was 3.5.
And Carlotta, of course, was involved with SUNY Central and
the development of this and was handling our program here and
she just arbitrarily changed our 3.2 to 3.5, and I think in
that material that you have in your office, you will find a
very scathing letter from Gerry Rising.

Because this was done

in the middle of the year, and by this time of course, the
committee was disbanded.

There was a sort of an Honors
14

�Council.

I'm not even sure there

~

an Honors Council at

that time or if Carlotta was just basically taking care of it.
But she did this, and people were angry about it.

She did

this because it looked like we would be a part of the SUNY
Honors system.

And that was their requirement and, therefore,

it was going to have to be QY£ requirement.

As I said, that

SUNY thing never did do anything, and we're still stuck with
what I think is a too high a requirement if you go back to the
original intent of the committee, and that is that these kids
should be able to develop in the areas that they know they may
not get an A in, but that they can learn a lot from.

And now

you know, I've been mentor for these kids, they're not going
to take anything that's going to ruin their grade.
they're very interested and want to do it.
that that is a good idea in any program.
a program in which you've

JC :

got~

Even if

And I don't think

But certainly not in

expansive minds.

So you feel that a 3 . 2 would have, to maintain it at that
level, would have been better.

BH:

Yes, I think that the majority of them would have come in
higher than that, but I think they would have been taking a
wider range of courses, internships, things like this that
they won't take now because they're afraid they won't get a
good grade in.

I don't know if you did change this, but I

remember also, this was after the original decision though, it
15

�was in a council meeting,

of someone suggesting that the

Honors students not being allowed to take S/U grades which
again, that does away with the whole idea of their being able
to take something that they don't think they'll get a good
grade in.

And it does away with the, I guess I should say,

the equality among the rest of the students.

As I said, I'm

willing to go elitist on one end because I'm elitist on the
other, but I want the big equal sign in between.

And the

Honors students should not be penalized just because they're
Honors students.

JC:

Anything else?

Yes, a few more questions for you.
major role in this?

Did Carlotta Bocca play a

Did she have any impact or was she just

Bob's assistant?

BH:

She had the impact from the standpoint of that grade change.
But as far as the committee was concerned, she was a resource
person, and we worked through her and got our room assignments
and things like that.

But she was not a major player in it.

No, she was the Assistant to the President who was going to
administer this program.

JC:

Do you know if at any point in time there was any concern
voiced from SUNY Central to the establishment of this Honors
Program at UB?

16

�BH:

As I recall, Josie, the only thing was that they kept wanting
assurances that when the SUNY program went into effect, that
we would be a part of it.

And I do sort of vaguely remember,

I may have been on the SUNY Senate at that time, I don't know,
talking to some people from SUNY Central and saying you know,
'look, if we get ours going and it seems to work, it may help
you get yours going but we were not going to back off from
trying to get one established here and keep on waiting for
them.

But we did say 'Yes, of course, you know, we will be

interested in being in your system.'

As I said,

that one

never really materialized.

JC:

OK.
(pause)
In deciding the admissions format, you mentioned that Gerry
Rising

basically

came

up with

basically, currently used.

the

formula

that's

still

But what other suggestions were

there in addition?

BH:

There was the usual one of course of having to write that
essay so we could get an idea of their writing sample.

There

was a possibility of determining a certain number of slots for
a given character - would 50% be women and 50% men,
there be a certain number of minority.

would

And the first year we

did go with the essay, which was a nice way that we designed
this program because it became perfectly obvious after the
17

�first year 'That wasn't a very good idea.'
get you a lot.

It really didn't

And it just turned out that we wanted, the

majority of the committee said 'Let's be blind.'

JC:

What was the problem with the essays? What was missing, other
than the time it would take, perhaps to read them?

BH:

The essays were, as I recall, what we had them do was write
and tell us about themselves, you know,
yourself.

talk to me about

And they didn't add anything to the plan.

One of

the things that Carlotta did use them for, and that we,

I

think she, it wasn't part of the committee's idea, had planned
to use them for, was if the kid would write in and say 'I was
an olympic skater in the Children's Olympics' or something
like that.

Then we had a blurb that we could send back to the

local newspaper,

all

right,

about

this

kid who you may

remember was the olympic swimmer, has been accepted to the
Honors Program at the University of Buffalo, and that sort of
stuff.

But as far as helping you to decide which of the

students you should take, it just didn't seem to work out.

JC:

So they had some other ideas, too?

BH:

No, not really.

I mean we went, we pretty well went along

with this weighting that Gerry came up with and with the idea
that it was best to be blind, and that way you couldn't be
18

�accused of any discrimination,
didn't know.

for

instance,

because you

All you knew was a set of numbers.

And the

argument was made, of course, that you can be pretty sure that
those set of numbers are not going to be heavily tilted toward
minority.

And actually it was funny because there wasn't much

of a worry, as I recall, in terms of how many males and how
many females because, at that time, the general impression was
that the men would be higher on the mathematics part but lower
on the verbal, and the women would be the other and so it
would even out pretty well.

And as we know, that has changed.

It's not the case - the men, I think, are higher on both now
and the women have come up on the math.

JC:

Also, just the general character of the institution affects
it, too.

As far as how many women, very bright women choose

to come to a very large university.

BH:

That's true, too.

JC:

So basically, Gerry developed the formula.

Do you know where

he got it from?

BH:

I don't know.

I think ... You're going to interview him so ask

him, but my recollection is that he just came up with it as a
weighting system.

Now, you gotta remember that Gerry has a

long line of experience, I mean for a while he was a high
19

�school teacher, he was a college teacher.

He's always been in

education, and he knows how people get into things and,
can't remember,

I

whether at that time he was teaching his

gifted math program or not.

But I believe that that's the way

he does the entry into the gifted math program as well.

JC:

So he just carried it over, refined it a little bit?

BH:

Or, from one area to the other, I don't know which came first,
'cause I don't think ... How long has he been doing this gifted
math?

JC:

For a while.

Before, I think he had it established before the

Honors Program was established.

BH:

So it may have been a formula that he knew was being used at
other places with good results.

JC:

Given the fact that this was a presidential program and,
therefore,

really didn't require any approval from anybody

else, at any point in time did any faculty members approach
you or other committee members that you know of and were
vehemently opposed to this?

BH:

Faculty members, no; students, yes.

20

�JC:

Oh, .... elaborate.

BH:

I

would be at different meetings where there were students and

so forth, and the ones that knew about this would very often
would come up and want to know why we were going this elitist
route.

And, as I said, I had already worked that one out in

my own mind.

And I think the place I ran into them the most

often, was, I used to spend, during the summer - orientation.
I would go over and talk to either the parents or the students
and we had the students that were there and they knew what was
going on and they would hit you with this.

'Why are we going

this elitist way?' And I gave them the answer I gave you
earlier and it apparently was reasonable and they accepted it,
I

don't

think they liked it but they realized it was a

reasonable response so they accepted it.

But there was never

any acramony, no finger pointing or hollering or yelling or
anything of that sort.

In fact, it was not very much known.

And even when it went into effect, it was not very much known.
'Cause there were, I think, ten students that we took in the
first year.

Carlotta was looking over them and then Healey

and you and so forth got into it.

And one of the things that

the committee was very concerned about was that you wouldn't
be able to identify these students.
known

as

the

'nerd

group'

or

We didn't want them to be
something

like

that

and

particularly not just that the students couldn't identify
them, but that the faculty couldn't identify them because we
21

�know that you've got
student does.

some

faculty who grade on what

the

We've got some faculty who if they think that

kid is going to come out with a 4.0 will see to it that he
doesn't come out with a 4.0 and others that were so impressed
by the fact that he's an Honors student that they forgive him
a lapse or two.

So we just wanted them to be invisible, just

like any other student.
concerned,

As

far. as

classroom things

I think that's probably been the case.

are

I don't

know that they necessarily identify themselves, but in your
special courses and in the dormitories where they have special
privileges and things like that, I'm sure they can be picked
out.

And I

don't know if there's

been any problem with

student or faculty since that time, but at the time,

there

really wasn't.

JC:

We still maintain a low profile ... in that respect.

BH:

I think that's good for the kids, yeah.

JC:

... and

I

think

they prefer

it,

too.

They're very

much

involved 1n a lot of University activities, and they want to
be seen as

a

student.

intelligence well.

We

them to wear

They get the message, I think.

(laughter)

BH:

encourage

Oh, yeah, they're bright kids!
22

their

�JC:

Who came up with the perks, I mean the ideas of a mentor in
particular and the other things we provide students, with the
housing in Governor's and the first registration?

BH:

OK, that reminds me of another person who was great on the
committee, and that was Wolck - Wolfgang Wolck.

And it was

the committee that came up with the mentor system.

And that

the idea of having two mentors and in disparate fields so that
if the kid were an engineer, then the other mentor should be
from a humanities or a social sciences, that sort of thing
which we did for a while.

And the two-mentor system was meant

to have someone who was in the, in the area of the student who
could help him in that but someone who was outside the area
who could try to broaden him and bring him out into the other
things.

That was interesting because one of the things that

was brought up,

as

I

said,

this was a

straight

committee, was 'Who's gonna decide on this because

forward
I

would

hate .... there are certain people that I would not be comentoring with.'

(laughter)

So it was decided that there

would be a primary mentor, mostly in the field and that then
there would be a secondary mentor and the primary mentor would
be involved in choosing this.

And as I recall, we even went

to the bit of soliciting mentors from among the faculty,
asking in all the different faculties and perhaps even as far
as departments, if they would be interested in being a mentor
and they had to be approved, had to be someone that was here
23

�for a long enough period of time to get on that list and then
that was the list to which the mentors were first assigned.
I believe also, and this may have come later, it may not have
been with the original committee, that we wanted a DUE faculty
advisor also involved with the two mentors.
whether that was a

And I'm not sure

committee decision or whether it was

brought on board later on.

I would hope it was a committee

decision because, even at that time, trying to figure out what
the general student requirements were was beyond most faculty
members, (laughter) so we needed a DUE advisor to make sure we
aimed the kids in the right direction.

JC:

The academic requirements for the program, not grade point
average but the course, the seminar course.

How did that

evolve?

BH:

That I don't remember anything about.

So it was probably long

after the committee had broken up and probably was decided on
by the Honors Council, which was finally put in place.

I

don't remember how long it took to put the Honors Council 1n
place after the thing went into action, but I don't think it
was too long, maybe a year or so.

JC:

So basically, your committee then really just looked at the
admissions

criteria,

how

you

were

going

to

give

the

scholarship money, but did you and the mentors, but what other
24

�things were you responsible for?

BH:

We didn't have to worry about, we talked about ... but did not
have to worry about curriculum, whatever they were going into.
It was the same thing for the rest of the University, and
there would be no restriction on that.

If everyone that was

chosen the first year was in the engineering department, so be
it.

That was all that we had to plan for.

So we really

didn't, in the period of time we have, do much more than I
remember telling you that we did - setting up the admissions
requirements, and fighting about what the grade point average
should be and things like that.

JC:

So the seminar component and the other things actually came
after.

BH:

I

think so.

I don't remember us being involved in that

because had we been,

we would,

probably you would find

somewhere in the files a list of people who would be invited
to give seminars.

I just don't think it's there.

I think, we

did the mentors, we tried to get the mentors identified but
after that, it was to be up to the mentors and the student to
develop the program for the kid.

So I suspect it was the

Honors Council later on that came up with the seminar idea.

JC:

So then you finished your work in a short span of time,
25

�really?

BH:

Yes.

JC:

... and then handed it to Ketter.

What were his replies, or

what, how did he feel about it?

BH:

Basically, he accepted it, gave it to Carlotta and said 'Start
recruiting.'

There really wasn't much to be argued with

because it was, a, loosely drawn.

I mean there were rules

that you had to meet, you had to have a certain grade point
average and that sort of stuff.

And there were certain things

that the University was committed to do for them.
was it.

But that

From there on in it was 'bring us those kids in and

let's see how it flys.'

JC:

Now, in your recollection, was the Honors Council developed
shortly after that?

BH:

I think so, ah, because I think I remember recommending that
Wolf be on it.

think~

Ah, I don't

was on it, but I do think

there was some carry over from the original committee.

I know

I got back on it later on, but I don't think that I was on it
at the time but I think there was a council set up almost
immediately,

which was

chaired by Carlotta

appointed by the President.
26

and probably

�JC:

OK.

The committee itself that you were on, the formation

committee, what hopes did they have for these students?

Was

there any .. did they have some idea of how they hoped these
students would develop or did they have .... ?

BH:

Oh, yeah, I'm sure everybody had his own idea.

Bernie was

certainly looking forward to getting the mathematical genius,
and would have been perfectly willing to take that kid all
through the University on a 499, an independent study.

We

talked about curriculum and this and that, and we finally said
'OK, that's the way that you see its best way to do it, fine,
but it's got to meet all the University's requirements,' which
would mean at that time I think was distribution.

But I don't

think there was any big talk about 'they should be leaders, we
would

hope

association.'

that

they

are

presidents

of

the

student

As I recall it was just an idea that you had

extraordinarily good students that we though we could get some
of them to come here.

And it was as I said a small number -

ten to twenty - was supposed to be about the maximum.

And

that these students would be given every possibility that they
could be given to interact with the faculty and to grow as
much as they possibly could.

Whether Bob had in mind the

tutorial type of approach that you tell me Capen had here or
not, I don't know because he never put that onus on us.
just said 'get me some Honors students.'

27

He

�JC:

Was there any idea that this program might impact on the
University or was it just that these numbers would be too
small and would never be felt?

BH:

I think it was that the numbers that were originally planned
were

probably

University.

too

small

to

make

any

big

impact

on

the

As far as the student body was concerned, as far

as the total faculty was concerned, I, I suspect that all of
us hoped that one of those days one of those kids would win a
Noble prize or something or go off into space.
we thought about that at the time.
good for the University.
all

that

we

were

I don't think

And that that would be

But I do not remember any feeling at

doing

anything

but

offering

them

an

opportunity and that all they had to do was their very best to
stay in the program,

but not commit

expect anything else from them.
group

that were

student.
University.

It

really very

wasn't

themselves or did we

It was a very ... It was a

interested in

looking

to

get

doing

something

for

the

for

the

And that small a number, it's not going to make

any impact on overall SAT's or grade point average or anything
like

that.

Oh,

I

suppose

we

did

hope

that

they

influence other very good students to come here.
wasn't part of a plan.

It was maybe a hope.

would
But it

There was no

plan other than to set up an Honors program and get these
bright kids in here.

28

�JC:

Ten years have passed ...
(laughter)

BH:

Really?

JC:

... since that time.
(laughter)

BH:

Yes, and there's an order of magnitude difference in the ...

JC:

What

are your

feelings

about

those

10 years

and what's

happened with the program?

BH:

Ah, I think it has been used.

That the numbers have gone up.

I can't argue too much about that because that simply means to
me that more very good students get the opportunity.

But I do

think that it has been used to picture the University in a
perhaps not totally honest way.
proud of it.

I think we have a right to be

I still think that we ought to go back to the

3.2 instead of the 3.5, and I think we're got a right to be
very proud of a lot of those students.

So me have gone onto

the professional schools, to graduate school, to other areas.
I think we have gained from them, but I certainly think that
they got an awful lot out of us, and that they're deserved it.
The perks

~

great.

were being given,

At the time when some of those perks

like early registration and all of that

study hall areas and all of that sort of stuff.

At that time,

if anybody said anything about it, I said, 'Yeah, we do that
29

�for the athletes all the time.

Then when I got involved with

the athletics, if anybody said anything about the athletes
(laughter) getting all these perks, I said 'Well, my God, we
do it for the Honors students, why can we do it for the
athletes?'

JC:

Covering yourself on both ends.

BH:

That right.
it.

I've got an example -anytime you want to look at

So, I'm very proud of the program.

probably,

The one thing that

I wondered about considerably, was the transfer

student thing.

Partly because I did not feel that we needed

to recruit transfers, and I still don't feel that we need to
recruit transfers.

I think it's nice that we're getting some

non-traditional people in the program, but I would rather have
seen a way to get some of the Millard Fillmore students into
the Honors Program than to go outside and look for transfer
students because, as you know, I'm very impressed with the
number of those people in the Millard Fillmore program, and
I'd like to see them get some way of being appreciated.

I

think we brought this up at one time, and it may have even
come up in that committee, but I think it was later.

That,

you know, even if we could just tell those kids that if they
could get $500 a semester because they had made the cut off
for an Honors Scholarship or something like that.

That

probably that would have shortened up the amount of time they
30

�had to spend to get their degree.

But that really never

happened.

JC:

I want to go back to one point.

You mentioned just a few

minutes ago that you feel that the University hasn't been
necessarily represented in the light that it really is.

What

did you mean by that?

BH:

Oh, if you're going to use the Honors Program to try to say
that that's what the University is like, it's not true.
right?

And I prefer the approach,

All

if not just point out,

which Steve would take every once in a while, not just point
out 'Look, we've got this elite group of people here,' but
also

'Look,

we've got this group of people who need both

economic help,

tutoring help,

doing that, too.
middle that,

EOP type programs,

and we're

And we got a large group right here in the

quite frankly,

we are ignoring,

but they are

living regardless of the fact that we are ignoring them.

And

I would prefer, you know, instead of just focusing on the two
ends, to see a little bit more emphasize on the fact that we
got some very good students who may not graduate cum laude.
But

they do a heck of a

community.

lot

for the University,

Very active students in the community.

for

the

And I

think they gotta, we ought to give them a little credit every
once in a while as well.

31

�JC:

Do you see any benefits that have fallen from the general
Honors Program to the University as a whole or to the student
body?

BH:

Yeah, I think the mentor idea that was accepted there and has
been expanded by the special major, actually probably came
from the special major, not sure of that though, has worked
out very well for a large number of our students, including a
large number of Honor students.

The idea of independence, of

being able to do internships, tutorials and that sort of stuff
has of course spread throughout the University.

And that's a

very common thing now in a special majors program or even in
some of the standard curriculum.

Probably, although I can't

say I've seen it, you might get a spin off from some of your
Honors seminars - that would be open to the rest of the
University or become a basis, say, for a freshmen seminar.

JC:

Yes,

the

freshman

seminars

originated

from

the

Honors

seminars.

BH:

Okay.

And one of the reasons that I think that that has

happened is that there has always sort of been a two way
process, the Honors Program has never tried to hide itself.
It's never tried to say 'We are here, and we are it!'

But

there's always been an involvement with a number of other
people and other groups within the University and they're open
32

�programs.

And so if we see something that we think is going

great in the Honors Program, we don't mind swiping it.
mean, after all, it was developed here, it was ours.

I

And I'm

sure if you see something that is happening in the rest of the
University that looks like it would be useful for your Honors
students, you do the same thing.
they aren't out of the mainstream.
down their own little tiny path.
University.

So the neat thing is that
OK.

They're not going

They are part of

the

All be it, they have a few more requirements on

them other than the rest of the University students, but they
also get more perks than the rest of the University students.
But

they~

a part of the University, .and I think that's very

important.

JC:

You've been very gracious in serving as a mentor to a lot of
the students in the program.

Do you have any contact with

them once they leave?

BH:

Uhm, yeah.

I think the first person that I was a mentor for

was Oleh Zazula.

And I had a lot of contact with him while he

was getting ready to try to decide what school he was going to
go to, and he could have gone just about anywhere.

Of course,

he ended up in Buffalo, which we all knew he would because he
was from Rochester, and he didn't want to be that far away
from his family.

And Oleh would come in so he was right here

at the UB medical school and that's usually the way that I
33

�have continued contact with them 'cause a lot of them come
into the medical school here, and they come bopping in and sit
down and they complain to me or they tell me how great they
going on or they just want to sit and talk and they know I've
got an easy chair.

So I kept track of Oleh for a long time,

and Oleh has a sister here, by the way.

You know that?

JC:

Oh, no, I didn't.

BH:

She's in the Occupational Therapy program, and she took the
300 course and came in, just like Oleh, always worrying, you
know, to ask to have a late exam or something like that and
scored an A on the course.

And that's a very uncommon name,

and so I said 'Do you have a brother?'

And so he's finished

his residency in opthamology and is now I think in practice.
Neil Reich, a recent one, is presently in medical school, and
he bopped in yesterday to tell me how he'd done on his first
blocks and that sorts stuff and he said 'it was your turn, I
saw Dr. Rokitka last week.'

And these were people that, yes,

they were in the Honors Program but that I knew as well as I
did because they did a special major with me.

Amy, with whom

I am mildly pleased, I mean she did not, you know, burn up the
bridges but she did a good job, she was in there on all of
them.

She didn't have any really big problems, and if we turn

this off, I'll talk with you about another person that I'm
sure you were as surprised at as I was.
34

But, yeah, I see Amy

�quite often because, of course, I was not only her mentor,
special major adviser, but also the adviser for the sorority
that she founded.

And there you got two people, and I see

Alka Patel every once in a while.

I think she's with Rokitka.

Some of the students are just almost totally grade oriented,
but the majority of them, at least the ones that I know, are
very much in the swing of the University and are very good
citizens.

You know they really want to do something to help

their fellow man, if you will.

So I think even though we look

at them by numbers, somehow you get the people very often who
are really very broad, very good, very widely oriented.
yes,

if they're in the medical school,

Carol.

So,

I have others - A

What was Carol's last name?

JC:

Bradley?

BH:

No, B something or other.

JC:

Bezio?

BH:

Bezio.

JC:

She's out in California.

BH:

Yeah, and I think her boyfriend is as well.

I haven't heard anything from her.

they finally decided to go.

That that's where

Which doesn't come as a surprise
35

�to me.

But the students who are around here, yeah, they feel

welcome to stop in and talk and chit-chat.

JC:

Good.

One last question.

Was there ever a time when you thought the

program wouldn't go or wouldn't happen?

BH:

No.

No, as I said to you earlier, that was the neat part of

this committee.

We had been basically told, 'You come up with

something that is decent and it's gonna be implemented.
Bob took a look at it and said 'Carlotta,
students,' and then that was it.
thing.

And

go get me the

So, no, that was a nice

Because we did feel that the work was gonna be brought

to fruition.

That you weren't just spinning your wheels like

you do on so many committees.

JC:

Anything else?

BH:

No, it's a pleasure talking about it.

I 'm sorry

my

memory

isn't that good.

JC:

Well, I appreciate the time you've given me and a lot of good
insights into what's happened at that time.

BH:

Well, I think you have in the office the stuff that we wrote
36

�our first report from.
I

I think I left it over there because

can't find it in my office.

And that's probably one of the

best records you're gonna find for it.

JC:

Good, OK.

BH:

Yes.

Well, thank you very much.

37

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                    <text>TRANS C R I P T 0 F TAPE RE CE I V E D F R0 fl1:
Dorothea c. Duttweiler
9 Riviera Drive
Key Allegro Isle
· Rock port, Texas 78382
{ 512) 729-0899

The topic under consideration today, July 2.0, 1993, is of some reflections on my
association with the University of Buffalo for over 60 years. This.tape is the result
of a very lovely letter from a charming young woman, Doris Millholland, the editor of
TheE pooh, an important Epoch· in geological h istory.out of the Department of Geology,
the Faculty of Natural Sciences ·and Mathematics at the University of Buffalo, New
York. Doris is interested in gaining some information fr_om some of the oldtimers who
·were associated particularly with UB's Geology's Department tong ago and far away,
practically anotl1er epoch. at least another era in all of our lives.

It made me take

time to pause and think a bit about my experiences at the University of Buffalo.· Some
of this was prompted by her letter, some of it I know she will be interested in, some
of it will be of no concern to her.

However, while I'm doing it, perhaps a copy of it

could go to Shonnie Finnegan In the Archives Office.

I've known all the old people

who are in the.Archives but now I am one of them myself and I'm not in the Archives.
I've been instrumental in getting a lot of good materials into Shonnie Finnegan's
hands and into the

Univet~sity

Archives.

So now I guess maybe it's time I got in

there.
The few things that come to mind that I think have to precede my remarks
about the Geology Department are a few remarks about the University of Buffalo.
Back in 1932, I was a senior at Bennett High School and I began my intimate
assocation with the University then.

I was part of a very unusual pilot project in

1932. The University was way ahead of its time.

They came to Bennett High School

and selected a handful of the senior students who had indicated an interest in going
on for further education and had indicated an ability to handle it.

They convinced

�us that we should give up our assembly program every week and meet with them in
a big study hall and begin an experiment, and it really was what would be called
today advanced placement in education.

It was Dr. Maisie Wagner and Dr. Edward

Jones of the Personnel Department at that time of the College of Arts and Sciences of
the University who came to Bennett every week. (And) they really did a wonderful
job.

They gave us, really, courses in 11ow to study and how to take notes and how

to write term papers, how to do research, how to keep card catalogs up to date.
&lt;And) as part of the project, we had to select a topic and take ourselves to the only
resource center at that time which was the old Grosvenor Library, downtown Buffalo
on Franklin Street, and do independent research.

The end of this series, a whole

school year, we were allowed to pay a fee, of course, and go to the University and
take a final examination in the subject that we were doing our research on. &lt;And&gt; if
we passed it, we would get university credit.
It was of course Depression years and it was not a state university. You paid
tuition each semester.

(And) the goal of Drs. Jones and Wagner was to have an

accelerated program, so that this group of rather gifted students would be able to
complete.a University education program with a B.A. degree in a chosen field in a
three year period. As a result of this, iny freshman year I had an extremely heavy.
schedule and actually was carrying 24 hours or more a semester when the normal load
was 16 hours a

semester~,

which would, of course,

per~mit

me to graduate in a tl1ree

year period.
However, I was quite young.

I entered the University of Buffalo in 1933 at age

17 and it was a very challenging experience for a rather shy young lady who had not
lived too much up to this point.

And I was carrying all of the sciences.

I mean by

that, a freshman course with the combination first semester Botany and second
semester Zoology, freshman Chemistry, and advanced placement Chemistry that
instead of carrying eight t10urs carried ten hours and meant extra work with Dr.

�Cat'twright, who was head of the Chemistry Department at that time.

A course in

Physics with Dr. Moore who was not exactly the best professor of Physics in the
world. He was a great old guy, but as a teacher, left a lot to be desired.
English and French and Scientific German.

I also had

Because I had four years of German in

high school and four years of science in high school, I was able to move into
Scientific German and l'ead Geology in the original German text, wl1ich

was a

challenge. And of course, the other things in a normal freshman's program.
So I was really most thrilled of all with my course in Geology which was with
the .only person in the Department, Dr. Reginald Pegrum himself.

Now, when

en roiled ·in the University, I knew, I knew I wanted to major in Geology.
one of these modern day kids trying to find herself.
have much to find.

I

I was not

Sometimes I don't think they

It takes them years to look and I knew I wanted Geology.

enjoyed my high school course which atthat time was called Physical Geography and
it's changed its name many times to Earth Science and other things.

But it was an

elementary course at the high school level in Geology, really, and a very good one.
(And) I had enjoyed it.

I knew that this was the thing I wanted most.

So when I

registered at the University, Miss Emma Dieters, who was a superb, wonderful
registrar and a beautiful

h~man

being, told methat my advisor would be Dr. Pegrum

because I seemed to know I wanted to major in Geology. &lt;And) I accepted this advice
and was grateful because I'd already decided this was my career', Well, at a·ny t'ate,
I did enjoy his course in Geology 101-102 and the laboratory classes and I was doing
very well.

I had no occasion to bother l1im in any way except just to be one student

in a rather large introductory course to Geology.
However, after the first semester, I
exceedingly heavy load and so

was becoming

a l)it weary of this

asked what I had to do to try and lighten it a bit.

And the registrar told me that I would have to see my advisor and get his permission
before I could drop anything.

So I asked Dr. Pegrum after class when it would be

possible for me to see him and in his usual rather brusque way he said, "May I ask

3

�just what for, young lady?"
And I said, "Well, l.'d like to tall&lt; over my schedule with you."
And he said, "Why, and why me?"
And I said, "Well, you are my advisor."
And his reaction was, "The hell I am."
And I said, "Yes, kind sir, at least Miss Dieters says that since I'm going to
major in Geology, Dr. Pegrum will be my advisor because there isn't anyone else in
Geology."
Well, the next question Dr. Pegrum gave me was, "Who says you're going to
major in geology?"
And I said, "Well, I hope I'm going to major in Geology because I find it the
most fascinating subject on earth or off earth. And I find you the best professor I
have met so far in any university or any school."
So then he said, "Well, yes, you can see me at 4:30 next Wednesday."
So I went in with my records and reports, etc., and sat down in a very, very
tiny office in the one wing of Crosby Hall which was allotted to the total Geology
Department.

Smoke-filled, you could cut the tobacco with a knife because

or~.

Pegrum's one bad vice, that I know about anyway, was his chain smoking to the
degree that one was asphyxiated in this tiny unventilated office.

At any rate, he

realized that he was stuck with me at this point, that he could really not go against
the University's Registrar's edict that he was my advisor.
very friendly fashion.
background.

So we started off in a

Even at that early age, I did have a bit of psychology in my

I was also taking that with Dr. Olive P. Lester, Psych 101 and 102, and

so I was a little adept at handling particularly of older gentlemen shall we say, being
a lot better looking than I am now and a lot thinner, I might add. And at any rate,

or~.

Pegrum said, "What, now, what's this all about?"
So I told him that I was really overloaded and that I wanted permission to
one course.

dr~op

So he asked to see my first semester blueprint and said, "Why do you

4

�want to drop anything?"

I had all A's and one B in this t1eavy load at that time.

said, "There's no need for you to drop anything.

He

You are succeeding and doing

well."
And I said, "Well, Dr. Pegrum, I've heard a rumor to the effect that there was
something else going on on this campus besides laboratories and classes and that
maybe I ought to have an opportunity to see what activities would be of interest
besides studying 20 out of24 hours a day, and I would like to drop economics." I was
taking economics with -a marvelous professor, a Dr. Bigelow who later on got to be
part of the Presid~ntial team i ri Washington in economics at a governmental level and
he was a good prof, too.

I_

enjoyed the course, but

I

just didn't see ·any need to

continue it.
And he said, "Why on earth do you want to drop economics?"
I said, "Well, I can see the need for all the sciences and the Scientific German
and I enjoy Dr. Lester's Psychology course.

(And) I feel that the economics course

will never ever be of any benefit to me and I really know all.l need to know about
supply and demand and the labor problems and I don't want to know any more about
labor unions and the sort of stuff we're getting into in economics."
And he said, "Well, young lady, I think it's good for you. You stay right with
it ...
I said, "I can't drop anything?"
And he said, "No, absolutely not. There's no reason for you to drop anything."
End of subject.
I continued in Geology.

I took every course that was offered in the Geology

Department at that time. And, of course, he was the professor and I did get to know
him very well.

It was a fabulous experience; it was a small department, obviously,

and it was a new department.
when I entered it.

I didn't realize how young the department was in 1933

I believe Dr. Pegrum came to the University and started the

department circa 1929-30. So. the department really was only three years old and as

5

�I say, we did not have much in the way of equipment. We had one big laboratory at
the end of the, let's see, it would be the north wing, I believe, of Crosby Hall and
that had all of the fossils and paleontology lab material in it.

We did have a couple

of labs down cellar in the basement of Crosby Halt. I believe our mineralogy lab was
down cellar so we had access to bunsen burners and gas jets and what have you.
But, it was a very small department.
During those first years, I was the only woman in the department. Now, I was
joined in my junior year with another gal, Esther Klas &lt;Bryce now) who was in the
Chemistry Department. Who, when we got to the point of being accepted a$ tutorial
candidates in Chemistry, I guess Esther was invited to look for another area.

She

had enjoyed Geology with Dr. Pegrum and so she asked if she could be switched and
was accepted.

So the first two years I was the only woman, and then the last two

years, my junior and senior years, Esther Klas joined me in my classes and frankly
I didn't find any difference in the treatment that I had at any time in the Geology
Department. It was an unusual time at the University of Buffalo. And I think, in view
of all the changes that have transpired I hope all of this is on record and I'm sure
it is.
I think that we were unusually fortunate; we didn't have a great number of
people on

t~e

Faculty of the College of Arts and Sciences, but we sure had some good

ones and some great ones.

And, there was an intimacy about it.

I never was in an

overwhelming crowd. If a lecture had 100 students, that would be the biggest I had
ever seen and most of the lecture sessions were much smaller.

Of course, in the

sciences as one advanced, they were small enough that you would get to know your
professor very well.

In some cases, perhaps a bit too intimately.

So til at I was

taking all of the sciences that I could work in my schedule every year and it always
was a heavy schedule. It was challenging and I enjoyed it. At that time, Dr. Samuel
P. Capen was the Chancellor, Dr. Julian Park was the Dean of the College of Arts and
Sciences. People such as Nathaniel Cantor I had in Sociology who wrote many books.

6

�Dr. Daniel Leary who was quite the talk of the town and the reason that my family
didn't really want me to go to the University of Buffalo because they'd heard all
these rumors about free love and the psychology professor who propounded all these
ideas.

I found him a delightful man.

However, when he wanted to hypnotize me so

that I could lose weight, I didn't accept his offer:

I regret it now. I'm sure it would

have been an interesting experience and I probably would not be the rather plump
old girl that I ani today if Daniel Bell Leary had succeeded in working at me under
hypnosis.
During .my total undergraduate and graduate years at the Uri.iversity at
Buffalo, I only had 2 women professors. One, Dr. Olive P. Lester who later became the
first woman to chair a department at the University at Buffalo, the Department of
Psychology and Adele H•. Land who was really the mainstay of the School of
Education--both marvelous women and excellent professors.

All the rest of my

contact at the University at Buffalo was with male professors, and most of them were
gentleman of the first order, especially Dr. Pegrum.
Doris raised some questions in the letter she wrote me regarding discrimination
and I will say honestly I never experienced any discrimination in the Geology
Department, especially the male students welcomed me.

I was good friends with all

of them; they were delightful. And true, I was the only woman in the classes for the
first two years. The professor, ofcourse, was Dr. Pegrum and there wasn't any other
at the time that I was there.

Ed Buehler had not even come up through the ranks.

I guess in about my senior year, he was a student in geology, majoring in geology
and probably a lab assistant in paleontology at that time. The only other person who
had any responsibility in the department when I was an undergraduate was Leicester
Cuthbert who was an absolute doll, a beautiful young man, and of course, I thought
he was top drawer. Leicester got his Master's, I believe, in Geology in 1936, an M.A.,
and he was most helpful in the department. I'm not sure he had any rank other than
a graduate assistant.

He did a lot of interesting things, he'd studied the former

7

�shorelines of Lake Erie area going out along the lake shore.
research with us.

And he shared his

His Master's was the geologic study of Catt9-raugus Creek and

vicinity with special reference to the Pleistocene sediments. &lt;And) Les was a great
guy. I suspect I really was quite in love with him. However, he had a girlfriend in
his own class.

He was at least two years or more ahead of me at the university.

Never, ever, ·anything inappropriate within the department, on field trips, or
in the behavior of the male students or the staff. And I truthfully can say that I
have never experienced discrimination.

I don't think I'm a candidate for Oprah

Winfrey's program or Geraldo or anyone else. I seem to have never exper.ienced this.
Oh, a little sexual harassment from male students, and I'm sorry to say", a few male
professors.

They were primarily in the Biology Department or the Chemistry

Department, but otherwise nothing that one could real I y take offense at and certainly
not to make a legal case of any of it .. I think just normal American male behayior •. I
know, this is nothing to be proud of but nevertheless, I can truthfully say that other
than one professor in Biology, I never experienced any discrimination.

And in that

case, it was because he was known to prefer male students in his classes and in his
extracurricular activities.

And although I had perfect scores in all of his quizzes,

tests, and his final examinations, I did not get the A that I had richly. deserved and
had earned.

He admitted to a graduate student in Biology, who happened to be a

boyfriend of mine, that he was not going to give me the A that my final exam had
merited. So other than that one professor, I would say that in my total experience,
undergraduate and graduate at the University at Buffalo, I never experienced any
discrimination on the part of any male student in any course or any professor.
I know times have cl1anged. II&lt; now that probably today I might. I don't really
believe it. I know I was just accepted as another member of the class. Of course, we
didn't have the wonderful field trips that the department has today. I wish I could
find my pictures.

I do have a few old pictures of, oh back in '33-'34 and '34-'35,

when I was the only woman on a field trip and our field trips were pretty limited.
8

�..

They consisted of 18 Mile Creek and the Zoar Valley, the gorge of the Niagara River,
below the Falls, and walking the old trolley tracks along the Niagara River down from
the whirlpool area on, and field trips toLetchworth, climbing the falls and working
our way along the Genesee River, particularly looking for fossils and the various
sediment layers. I have not been able to find some of those pictures. I hope I've still
got them.
I regret that I didn't get back to the Department to meet with Doris and the
current faculty before I left the Buffalo area. I certainly appreciate the Epochs that
have come to me and I am simply overwhelmed with the changes when I read about the
current field trips that are being conducted and the awards that are being given
within the Department.

Of course, I've ·noticed that the percentage of women is

rather small at least as far as I can learn from reading Epochs. I did keep a couple
and moved them with me and I'm looking at an old one from the Fall/Winter 1980 in
which the Pegru m Award was given. I was interested in that si nee I had contributed
to the fund for Dr. Pegrum's Memorial Award and I certainly concur with the basis
of the award.

However, when I analyze the award winners from 1970 through 1980,

those were the last ones I have any record of, I couldn't help but notice that out of
14 awards, four were awarded to women and ten were awarded to men. So I do think
there might be a little bit of discrimination, but I suppose in terms of the numbers
of the people in the department, it's probably on the proper curve. I also noticed in
reading these old issues of the Epoch, that now there are wonderful programs for
field trips to Silver Crater Mine and some of these other places and I certainly want
to express my interest in helping this program. I hope that this is still in existence.
I don't seem to have more recent issues to bring me up to date on the summer session
camps and the activities. This one was telling me about Silver Crater Mine in the fall
of 1962, so it's a little bit old as I'm looking at it. And I would like to participate in
supporting that program if it's still in existence.

I'm all for field trips and all for

continuing this idea of the campsites at the Dugout Ranch in Utah, if it's still going
9

�on. This was in the spring of 1980, so I don't know. However, I'd like to be informed
aboutthat and ·who's in charge of it now. Certainly, if I do contribute to field camps,
I would want to earmark my contribution for the Department of Geology.

I will not

send it through the Foundation. I'm fond of the Foundation, but monies I have given
them did not go to the things I wanted it to go to, so I will earmark mine. In fact, I'll
just send it directly to the Geology Department. But I would like to earmark it for a
woman to participate in the field trip or summer camp experience or whatever project
or research is being undertaken.
One of my reasons for that .is in answer to another one of Doris' questions:

If

I found being a woman a handicap at any time. Yes, definite.ly. Not in the Department
of Geology as such, but in applying for positions.
degree, magna cum

laude in

Geology,

When I graduated with my B.A.

I wanted to do something. with

it and

unfortunately, I couldn't. I do havetoput in one littleaside here. I found out later,
he never told me at the time, but I found out later that Dr. Pegru m put forth quite
a battle for me to receive a summa cum laude. The year I graduated in the College of
Arts and Sciences with a B.A. in Geology, there were three or four magna cum laudes
awarded and just 2 summa cum laudes. And of course, one of the suml11a cum laudes
went to an English major, one did go to a Chern istry major and the others were all to
non-scientific people in History or English or French or some non-laboratory course
that didn't require, truthfully, the amount of work that goes into a science program.
I know I heard later that Dr. Pegrum felt I was deserving of a summa.

I had

r~eceived

an A+ in my comprehensive final examinations, oral and written, in Geology and he felt
this should be awarded to me.

So thanks Reg, wherever you are today, for sticking

up for me. I didn't know this until long past the time I could thank you personally.
But at any rate, whether this was discrimination or not, I don't know.

I dOLJbt it.

However, when I graduated I did apply, I did apply to many, many different
branches of geology, the U.S. Department of Geology.

I applied to various oil

companies, and to gas companies and I should have kept the letters.
10

I did get

�wonderful letters back, because I had sent a resume and a blueprint of my course
work and I had lovely letters, i ncl uding •.• l even applied to the University of
Syracuse School of Forestry when I couldn't get into Geology any place to earn a
living.

I thought, well, I'll go work for my Master's at Syracuse in the School of

Forestry because it was a state school and tuition would be little or nothing and I
could get a Master's perhaps and do r.elated work.
Ranger and a National Parks Guide, and teacher.

I loved the life of a Forest
thought I'd try for that.

thought I had very lovely letter back from the Dean of the School of Forestry at
Syracuse telling me that my credentials far exceeded the majority of the people
applying for

graduate

work

at

Syracuse and

the

School

of

Forestry,

but

unfortunately I was a woman and they did not accept any women students at that
time. I got the same excuse that I got from the oil companies, the mining companies,
the gas companies, the U.S. Departments related to Geology and Syracuse, that they
were not equipped for women students and that their field work would not permit a
woman student. Now, of course, during my lifetime we have made great advances and·
I don't think a woman today would getthis response. I don't understand why except,
during my lifetime there were great advances made and the big advance probably
when I was a student on camp us was that wed id have Kotex in vented. (And) I believe
probably that this was the reason: They didn't have a machine in the fields or at the
camps or in the courses at the graduate level in the School of Forestry,so I'm quite
sure that has

now been

corrected.

I can think

of no other reason for the

discrimination. Well, so much for discrimination.
I did not get a job in geology.

I had wanted one.

In fact, I probably could

truthfully say I have never earned one red cent in the field of geology.

I'm very

impressed with the articles that the recent graduates have senti nto theE poch telling
about their marvelous associations, and salaries in some cases because this was never
realized by me.

I did have the foresight, expecting something like this, to see to it

that I met the New York State requirements for certification to teach all sciences in
11

�the public schools of New York State.

So I had a broad back_ground in science and

I feel that I owe that also to a major in geology and Dr. Pegru m because I could take
all the other sciences and become certified to teach all of them. Of course, I took the
unit in Education; at that time it was the professional unit in Education with Dr. Land
and the School of Education.
Education.

Dr. Pegrum did not think too much of the School of

He wasn't too happy with my having to do student teaching, which

loved, at Bennett High School.

(And) I really loved teaching.

So my use of geology has been in education, particularly. at the high school
level but also at the university level and in

post~graduate

courses.

As a leader in

conservation education, I have cond uoted thousands of field trips and· of course,
used my geology.

And that never got a cent.

That was all volunteer work, but

would rieverchange. Yes, I would major in geology again and I haveencouraged both
male and female students of mine to major in geology; (And) in fact, I have been
insistent upon them at least taking a course or two wherever they go whether it's
University of Buffalo, or Wisconsin or California, take some courses in geology. Why?
To me it's a way of life and if I were doing it all over again today, I would still major
in geology.

I think it is the ·basis for everything and of course, this is an idea one

received from Dr. Pegru m. If you sat through one of his lectures, you firmly believed
that nothing has ever happened on the planet Earth that wasn't geological in origin
and basis. All wars have been the result of geological causes, even though they may
seem to be political on the surface, it's for more land, for more oil, for more minerals,
for better farm land, it's all related. And h·e certainly inspired one to look for these
other causes than just the immediate political scene.

Furthermore, just from the

angleofenjoying lifeon this good planetEarth. Geology is so valuable. I have never
taken a trip anywhere in North America or Europe that I have not used my geology
for personal pleasure and many other people have profited from it too because ...
So when I couldn't get a position in any field in geology, I started applying for
a teaching position in the field of science and ran into the same difficulty.
12

All the

�.

.

'

.

schools in Western New York wanted a man in the science department.

Fortunately,

I finally got into Amherst Central which had always been one of my desires and 1
began teaching there. I was the only woman in the department. My salary was $1,200
a year and I earned every cent of it and I loved every minute of it.

I taught all of

the sciences at the senior high school level from ninth grade General Science up
through Chemistry lab and I did have one course in Earth Science as they called it
back then. It was likethe Physiography and the Physical Geography that I had had
in high school with some changes in the New York State curriculum. So, I probably
would have to qualify my statement that I never earned any

mon~y

because I had one

class one year that I taught in Earth Science. I had six other classes atttie same time
inall the other sciences, so it was not the bulk of my load.
To make a long story short, I was successful in teaching and I left Amherst to
go to Med School and did not care for it too .much.

It was an accelerated program.

I regret that I didn't stay and get my M.D. degree which I could have had in three
years. At that time they were war years and they were pushing out doctors for the
services.

&lt;And) again, there was a great deal of

discrim.ination. ·There were 86

entering freshmen in the University of Buffalo Medical School which was down on
High Street then across fro in Roswell Park.
regretted leaving it.

Of the 86, there were four women and I

I walked out ori them because I really loved the theory of

medicine, but I could not do to a human body what I had to do to the cadaver and I
regretted it.

I said

I didn't want to keep someone else from going forward in

medicine and that I was bound to stay there and make good because someone else
might have had my spot and discovered the cause and cure of cancer.
needed to stay so I could go on in the field.

I felt that I

My advisors all indicated it would be

better to continue in education and that I had become a master teacher and that it
was a loss to the classroom and that furthermore, as a woman, I would always find a
lot of discrimination in the field of medicine. The career opportunities back in 1943
in medicine for women were a little limited unless you were particularly interested in
13

�'

.

a female practice, OB/GYN and that sort of thing, you didn't have too much hope for
any advancement there. So I returned to the University of Buffalo and was extremely
grateful to Dr. Pegrum for insisting I take that course in Economics at the freshmen
level because I did my graduate work then in Labor and Industrial Relations with
Claude Puffer who was the Dean of the School of Business Ed\ucation. Very valuable
experience.
To make a very long story short, my next contact with the Geology Department
and Dr. Pegrum came when I was hired at the University of Buffalo as a professor in
theSchool of Education and the College of Arts and Sciences. I believethe year was
now 1947.

It was a big boost for me.

I had rank and was on the ladder and I was

working for my doctorate at the University of Wisconsin in education and was hired
at UB to as'sist with the great influx of students from the Gl Bill of Rights. They were
coming back from Europe. They wanted to go back to college and most of them went
into the School of Education, for lots of reasons I could tell you about at another time.
But at any rate, they needed me at UB because they didn't have anybody· on the
faculty of the School of Education who knew anything about teaching science. So I
had an

enviabl~

record and had succeeded in the high school classroom for a period

of over 10-12 years and therefore could bring first-hand experience in the teaching
of science. In addition to teaching many other courses, I had a full load of daytime
activites observing student teachers in all those schools iil Western New York that
I did not get a position because they wanted men in the department. It was fun going
into all the classrooms and observing the university senior and graduate students
who were working for their Master's in Education.
I had as part of my job the problem of getting a course in the Methods of
Teaching Science organized and established. Up until this time, there had been just
one course in the Methods of Teaching Biology that was offered through the Biology
Department taught by Dr.

Albert Schaedel[?],

who was the Chairman

of the

Department and had been the Chairman of the Biology Department since circa 1920
14

�when the College of Arts and Sciences was inaugurated.
who offered any course in the Methods of

Teach~ng.

He had been the only one

I had had it, even though I was

a geology major, I had to take the course in Methods of Teaching Biology because it
was a state requirement that you had to have a Methods course. So they didn't find
it too satisfactory for the people in Chemistry and Physics and Geology to have to
'

take Methods in Biology.

So it was my challenge to organize and innovate a course

in the Methods of Teaching Science, but they particularly wanted me to secure the
cooperation of all of the science departments and the challenge was to get them to
teach courses in Methods.

This I did.

1 worked in cooperation with Dr. Henry

Woodburn,·who atthattime was the Chairman of the·Departmentof Chemistry, and Dr.
Schaedel in Biology, Dr. Lyle Phelps in Physics who was Chairman of that department
and Reg Pegru m.

Reg was the hardest one to get to cooperate. As I said befo"re, he

was not impressed with the school of education. He felt it was a lot of hogwash and
[some word that sounds like pedigeeseJ and not worth a tinker's da.mn to quote him.
He was upset that I was part of.the scene. So it took quite a bit of persuasion and
did finally get across to him that he should be part of this program.
He said, "What do I know about teaching?
teaching.

I don't know anything about

I can't teach those students of yours anything about the Methods of

Teaching Science."
I said, "You're the best damn teacher I ever had and you have better methods
than anyone else on this campus. And you sure should share them. You don't think
much of education, correct the situation."

Well, it took a bit of doing, but he did

cooperate. And as usual, ofthe whole group that I was in charge of coordinating, he
did the best job. Every week we would meet in the Geology Department for, oh he
didn't give us too much time, I think I talked him into five sessions and that was all.
Science Methods was from 3:30-4:30 every Wednesday and so for five weeks we would
meet with Dr. Pegrum and he did astounding things.

He made a little model of a

volcano and demonstrated ways you could teach volcanism in a high school classroom.
15

�..

"

Whether it. was General Science, Earth Science or any program.
influence those students a lot.

He really did

Now, of course, I also had an influence. Any of the

students that I could help plan their programs in Education for preparation of
teaching I insisted that they have a course in Geology if they'd never had one.
tried to get them into Introductory Geology; if they had cine, I tried to get them to
take a second one.

Once ... (break--end of side A) ... It was a great, great contact,

again, with him.
My reflections on the Department of Geology would center on the Chairman of
the Department.

Obviously by this time, I believe it had grown a little bit, not

overwhelmingly, by the year 1947. We now had the little boy, who had been a student
as a freshman when I was approximately a senior I guess in the Geology Department,
was now a professor, Dr. Ed Buehler.
around.

Other, there were a few other people floating

But for me, there was just one star in that department and he was a

fascinating man.

He certainly never ever interjected any of his own personal

problems or any of his own difficulties into the. classroom.
I do feel as I look back upon it now that he was a bit bitter and I think
probably this is why he looked down on the School of Education to a considerable
degree.

The faculty in the School of Education got promoted and he didn't.

Dr.

Richard Drake, who had been the statistician who taught statistics and that sort of
thing in the School of Education, was moved up to Dean of the College of Arts a:nd
Sciences when Dr. Julian Park retired.

&lt;And) I think Dr. Pegrum saw many other

people at the University advance and he didn't.
grew a little bitter.

And it was a shame.

He, I think,

He was a very sarcastic man and a lot of people found him

brusque and indifferent.

I never did.

I found him a very understanding, caring,

sympathetic man, a brilliant man. I feel that he had much to contribute and I regret
that more people were not exposed to his wonderful teaching in the Department of
Geology.
I don't want to bore you with further remarks.
16

I think that the Department

�•
has come a long way. I read with interest about Dr. Chester Langway's experiments
with the ice cores from Greenland and everywhere.
and impressed.

&lt;And) I'm simply overwhelmed

Geology has grown to be a very important department at the

University of Buffalo when it was a minor one in my day. And I congratulate you all
on your progress and wish you continued success and achievement.
I appreciate my contact with you. (And) even though in the total sphere of my
earning years my top salary when I left the teaching field was approximately $7,500
a year, I have managed to save a little. (And) if . it isn't all used up with illness in my
.
latter years •. I would certainly earmark some of it for the Deparment of Geology.
&lt;And&gt; as I said

I'm afraid I will discriminate because I would like ·anything I·

contribute to go to a woman who is majoring in Geology.
Thank you very much for contacting me. (Ahd) once you have played this tape,
you can pass it on if you think it's of any interest to the Archives. Or just 1..1se it for
your own personal pleasure.

It'll put you to sleep some bad night.

It's been nice

talking with you and I hope to maintain our contact.
This is Dorothea Catherine Duttweiler, B.A. in Geology 1937, Ed.M. 1946, 3/4ths
of a doctorate never completed but enjoyed.

(And) I am approaching my 77th

birth day and hope to be around a few years and perhaps on my next trip back to the
north, I will get to come see what has happened to this wonderful Department of
Geology. Congratulations and continued great progress. Bye for now.

17

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                    <text>Interview with Bertha Russo on March 2B, 1979
minutes/counter
00/000

Parents moved from Italy to Fredonia, where father
established wine business.

02/050

with sister to UB Schoo 1 of Pharmacy; last two
year course; women in pharmacy; memories of UB
Pharmacy School; Professors Kate Holmes, Gregory,
Lemon; little student social life; classes all day;
basketball tickets part of tuition; both parents
approved her going to UB.

08/185

Went to work at harvey and Carey's after graduation
in 1928; received. license two years later; became
assistant manager, then manager; Buffalo Seminary
students; bought Harvey and. Carey's after 27 years,
owned. it for 21 years; sister's career in pharmacy,

13/270

Only woman to be president of Erie County .Pharmacy
Association; did. not feel anti-woman discrimination,

16/320

Continued. to maintain contact with UB; Pharmacy
Alumni Association, .Forie County Pharmacy Association;
Dean J.VIurray and the development of the Participating
Fund for Pharmacy Education; Lilian Kohler, Obliitz,

20/370

Active in many pharmacy groups; 50th reunion last
year; pharmacy students from various backgrounds;
continued contact with UB professors; Italian
pharmacy association, also Polish, Jewish, etc,;
1'1ary Chilli,

00/000

blank

05/100

Pharmacy as profession; presently works at Brooks
0n Tonawanda Street; other interests; Zonta.

11/235

Relationship between UB and community; Chancellors
Capen and. Furnas; ~Irs, Furnas knows her uncle, Dr,
Horace Lanza, an early UB filedical School graduate,

15/300

Reasons for attending UB; where non-resident
students lived; course work at School of Pharmacy;
basketball games,

20/385

Dr, Kate Holmes; Josephine Saeili; attitude about
UB.

·~vent

�</text>
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                    <text>Interviewer's Observations: Bertha Russo,

March~.

1979

Miss Russo lives with her sister in a house on Richmond
Avenue, the same house where she lived when she came to
Buffalo as a student at the Pharmacy'School, She looks
and acts much younger than her years, and is a bouncy,
cheerful sort of person, Her sister interrupted us a
couple of times, once near the end of the first side, and
when I reversed. it I neglected· to wind it to the beginning,

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            <description>Date of creation of the resource.</description>
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                <text>2/27/2013</text>
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            <name>Is Part Of</name>
            <description>A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included.</description>
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                <text>LIB-UA014</text>
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            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
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                <text>&lt;a href="https://rightsstatements.org/page/CNE/1.0/"&gt;COPYRIGHT NOT EVALUATED&lt;/a&gt;. The copyright and related rights status of this Item has not been evaluated. Please refer to the organization that has made the Item available for more information. You are free to use this Item in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. This digital collection is made available for research and educational purposes. Researchers are responsible for determining copyright status, and securing permissions for use and publication of any material. Copyright for items in this collection may be held by the creators, their heirs, or assigns. Researchers are required to obtain written permission from copyright holders and the University Archives prior to reproducing or publishing materials, including images and quotations. For inquiries about reproduction requests and permissions, please contact the &lt;a href="http://library.buffalo.edu/archives/"&gt;University Archives&lt;/a&gt;. If you believe material in our digital collections infringes copyright or other rights, please review our &lt;a href="https://library.buffalo.edu/about/policies/information-use/notice-and-takedown-policy.html"&gt;Notice and Takedown Policy&lt;/a&gt; for information on how to report your concern.</text>
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            <description>The size or duration of the resource.</description>
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                <text>00:44:54</text>
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        <name>Streaming Video</name>
        <description>Elements needed for streaming video for the VideoStream Plugin</description>
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            <name>Video Filename</name>
            <description>Actual filename of the video on the video source server</description>
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                <text>UA014-russo-bertha.mp3</text>
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