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                  <text>&lt;p&gt;In 2009 the Poetry Collection received a Preservation and Access grant from the National Endowment for the Humanities to reformat, catalog and make accessible over 1,300 endangered cassette and reel-to-reel audio recordings of poetry materials. Dating between 1962 and 2000, the recordings fall into three categories:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;an archive of tapes from poetry readings, lectures and other unique events that took place in the Poetry Collection and on the University at Buffalo campus or elsewhere in Western New York&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;personal recordings that poets made of their own readings over a period of time&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;and libraries of tapes collected by various individuals and groups.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Capturing poetry readings, lectures, interviews, conferences and other literary events, these tapes document the development of innovative and avant-garde poetries and their communities throughout the second half of the twentieth century as well as Buffalo’s role within that history. Readings by both canonical and non-canonical poets are featured in the collection, including such prominent American and international figures as John Ashbery, Robert Bly, Basil Bunting, Robert Creeley, Diane Di Prima, Ed Dorn, Robert Duncan, Allen Ginsberg, Robert Graves, Denise Levertov, Robert Lowell, Frank O’Hara, Charles Olson, George Oppen, Kenneth Rexroth, Gary Snyder, Diane Wakoski and Louis Zukofsky.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Occurring as they do in a particular place and time and before a particular audience, poetry readings by their nature are spontaneous events that can differ drastically from one place and location to another, and the recordings of these events offer literary scholars and students in the humanities a host of highly significant resources for research and education. Audio recordings:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;promote the study of poetry’s performance&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;provide a wide range of extra-textual information that is nonetheless crucial to understanding a poem’s larger contexts of meaning&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;function as audible manuscripts testifying to the composition and revision habits of poets&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;document the social contexts and literary communities in which poetry takes place&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;and offer an effective resource personalizing the experience of poetry for students of all levels.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Consequently, these tapes are potentially significant for all sorts of historical, biographical and genetic scholarship, and can serve an important pedagogical use in the classroom. For research purposes, where possible the description of these items includes not just the titles of the poems read but information about the conversations that take place around them.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Recordings have been grouped accordingly based on their source in a number of the Poetry Collection’s literary archives, each of which can be searched as a sub collection above:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Anthony Ostroff Collection&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Carolyn Stoloff Collection&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Curators’ Collection&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;George F. Butterick Collection&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Hand and Flower Press Collection&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Helen Adam Collection&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;em&gt;Intrepid&lt;/em&gt; Collection&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Jargon Society Collection&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;John Logan Collection&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Just Buffalo Collection&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Kenneth Rexroth Collection&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;McGraw-Hill Sound Seminar Collection&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;em&gt;Moody Street Irregulars&lt;/em&gt; Collection&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Paul Hogan Collection&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Poetry Collection Festivals Collection&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Poetry Collection Recordings Collection&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Radio Program Collection&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Tenth Muse Collection&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;More collections will be digitized and added in the future as funding allows.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Streaming audio and copyright&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Streaming versions of these audio recordings have been incorporated directly into their vufind catalog records. All recordings are accessible to individuals with a University at Buffalo user name and password. Unrestricted access is available for those recordings for which permission has been granted by the relevant copyright holders or for those designated as orphan works. If you are the copyright holder for any material included in this audio archive please contact the Poetry Collection at &lt;a href="mailto:lpo-poetry@buffalo.edu"&gt;lpo-poetry@buffalo.edu&lt;/a&gt;. All of our audio is made available for educational purposes only and permission for any subsequent use of these recordings must be directed to the authors or their estates.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Help us improve the catalog records&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;If you have any suggestions for correcting or improving these catalog records please contact &lt;a href="mailto:lpo-poetry@buffalo.edu"&gt;lpo-poetry@buffalo.edu&lt;/a&gt; and we will do our best to update the records in a timely manner.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Additional audio donations&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The Poetry Collection is always interested in adding to our audio collection. Although we feature readings from around the country, we are especially interested in continuing to collect recordings of local poetry events in Buffalo and Western New York. If you would like to discuss such a gift of materials, please contact one of the curators at (716) 645-2917 or write to us at &lt;a href="mailto:lpo-poetry@buffalo.edu"&gt;lpo-poetry@buffalo.edu&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;</text>
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                <text>Engagement and indifference: Beckett and the political : conference at the University at Buffalo, April 22-April 24, 1993. / Disc PCF074 Session, April 24, 1993, 11:30-12:30 p.m.: Summative panel of invited guests /moderated by Raymond Federman</text>
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                <text>Disc PCF068 April 22, 1993: Conference welcome /Kerry Grant --Introduction /Henry Sussman --[The end] (Beckett) /Raymond Federman --Session 1, April 22, 1993, 3 p.m.: The politics of small differences /Gabriele Schwab. --Disc PCF069 Session 1, April 23, 1993, 9:00-10:15 a.m.: Beckett and the politics of the void /Christian Prigent. -- Disc PCF070 Session 2, April 23, 1993, 10:30-11:45 a.m.: Unwording beyond negations, erasures, and repetitions: Samuel Beckett's committed silence /Carla Locatelli. --Disc PCF071 Session 3, April 23, 1993, 1:30-2:45 p.m.: Da Capo: Paleo-Beckett and post-modern Proust /Richard Macksey. --Disc PCF072 Session 4, April 23, 1993: An evening of readings in French and English in various voices of works by Beckett. --Disc PCF073. Session 1: Going to Bethickett on the way to heaven: the post-modern politics of self-reflection /Marcel Cornis-Pope. --Disc PCF074 Session, April 24, 1993, 11:30-12:30 p.m.: Summative panel of invited guests /moderated by Raymond Federman. --Disc PCF075 Session 4, April 23, 1993, 3-4:15 p.m.: Living inside the system: the lost ones as cognitive mapping /Brian McHale.</text>
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&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;an archive of tapes from poetry readings, lectures and other unique events that took place in the Poetry Collection and on the University at Buffalo campus or elsewhere in Western New York&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;personal recordings that poets made of their own readings over a period of time&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;and libraries of tapes collected by various individuals and groups.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Capturing poetry readings, lectures, interviews, conferences and other literary events, these tapes document the development of innovative and avant-garde poetries and their communities throughout the second half of the twentieth century as well as Buffalo’s role within that history. Readings by both canonical and non-canonical poets are featured in the collection, including such prominent American and international figures as John Ashbery, Robert Bly, Basil Bunting, Robert Creeley, Diane Di Prima, Ed Dorn, Robert Duncan, Allen Ginsberg, Robert Graves, Denise Levertov, Robert Lowell, Frank O’Hara, Charles Olson, George Oppen, Kenneth Rexroth, Gary Snyder, Diane Wakoski and Louis Zukofsky.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Occurring as they do in a particular place and time and before a particular audience, poetry readings by their nature are spontaneous events that can differ drastically from one place and location to another, and the recordings of these events offer literary scholars and students in the humanities a host of highly significant resources for research and education. Audio recordings:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;promote the study of poetry’s performance&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;provide a wide range of extra-textual information that is nonetheless crucial to understanding a poem’s larger contexts of meaning&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;function as audible manuscripts testifying to the composition and revision habits of poets&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;document the social contexts and literary communities in which poetry takes place&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;and offer an effective resource personalizing the experience of poetry for students of all levels.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Consequently, these tapes are potentially significant for all sorts of historical, biographical and genetic scholarship, and can serve an important pedagogical use in the classroom. For research purposes, where possible the description of these items includes not just the titles of the poems read but information about the conversations that take place around them.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Recordings have been grouped accordingly based on their source in a number of the Poetry Collection’s literary archives, each of which can be searched as a sub collection above:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Anthony Ostroff Collection&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Carolyn Stoloff Collection&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Curators’ Collection&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;George F. Butterick Collection&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Hand and Flower Press Collection&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Helen Adam Collection&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;em&gt;Intrepid&lt;/em&gt; Collection&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Jargon Society Collection&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;John Logan Collection&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Just Buffalo Collection&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Kenneth Rexroth Collection&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;McGraw-Hill Sound Seminar Collection&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;em&gt;Moody Street Irregulars&lt;/em&gt; Collection&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Paul Hogan Collection&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Poetry Collection Festivals Collection&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Poetry Collection Recordings Collection&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Radio Program Collection&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Tenth Muse Collection&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;More collections will be digitized and added in the future as funding allows.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Streaming audio and copyright&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Streaming versions of these audio recordings have been incorporated directly into their vufind catalog records. All recordings are accessible to individuals with a University at Buffalo user name and password. Unrestricted access is available for those recordings for which permission has been granted by the relevant copyright holders or for those designated as orphan works. If you are the copyright holder for any material included in this audio archive please contact the Poetry Collection at &lt;a href="mailto:lpo-poetry@buffalo.edu"&gt;lpo-poetry@buffalo.edu&lt;/a&gt;. All of our audio is made available for educational purposes only and permission for any subsequent use of these recordings must be directed to the authors or their estates.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Help us improve the catalog records&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;If you have any suggestions for correcting or improving these catalog records please contact &lt;a href="mailto:lpo-poetry@buffalo.edu"&gt;lpo-poetry@buffalo.edu&lt;/a&gt; and we will do our best to update the records in a timely manner.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Additional audio donations&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The Poetry Collection is always interested in adding to our audio collection. Although we feature readings from around the country, we are especially interested in continuing to collect recordings of local poetry events in Buffalo and Western New York. If you would like to discuss such a gift of materials, please contact one of the curators at (716) 645-2917 or write to us at &lt;a href="mailto:lpo-poetry@buffalo.edu"&gt;lpo-poetry@buffalo.edu&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;</text>
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                <text>Engagement and indifference: Beckett and the political : conference at the University at Buffalo, April 22-April 24, 1993. /Disc PCF073. Session 1: Going to Bethickett on the way to heaven: the post-modern politics of self-reflection /Marcel Cornis-Pope. </text>
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                <text>Disc PCF068 April 22, 1993: Conference welcome /Kerry Grant --Introduction /Henry Sussman --[The end] (Beckett) /Raymond Federman --Session 1, April 22, 1993, 3 p.m.: The politics of small differences /Gabriele Schwab. --Disc PCF069 Session 1, April 23, 1993, 9:00-10:15 a.m.: Beckett and the politics of the void /Christian Prigent. -- Disc PCF070 Session 2, April 23, 1993, 10:30-11:45 a.m.: Unwording beyond negations, erasures, and repetitions: Samuel Beckett's committed silence /Carla Locatelli. --Disc PCF071 Session 3, April 23, 1993, 1:30-2:45 p.m.: Da Capo: Paleo-Beckett and post-modern Proust /Richard Macksey. --Disc PCF072 Session 4, April 23, 1993: An evening of readings in French and English in various voices of works by Beckett. --Disc PCF073. Session 1: Going to Bethickett on the way to heaven: the post-modern politics of self-reflection /Marcel Cornis-Pope. --Disc PCF074 Session, April 24, 1993, 11:30-12:30 p.m.: Summative panel of invited guests /moderated by Raymond Federman. --Disc PCF075 Session 4, April 23, 1993, 3-4:15 p.m.: Living inside the system: the lost ones as cognitive mapping /Brian McHale.</text>
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                  <text>&lt;p&gt;In 2009 the Poetry Collection received a Preservation and Access grant from the National Endowment for the Humanities to reformat, catalog and make accessible over 1,300 endangered cassette and reel-to-reel audio recordings of poetry materials. Dating between 1962 and 2000, the recordings fall into three categories:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;an archive of tapes from poetry readings, lectures and other unique events that took place in the Poetry Collection and on the University at Buffalo campus or elsewhere in Western New York&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;personal recordings that poets made of their own readings over a period of time&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;and libraries of tapes collected by various individuals and groups.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Capturing poetry readings, lectures, interviews, conferences and other literary events, these tapes document the development of innovative and avant-garde poetries and their communities throughout the second half of the twentieth century as well as Buffalo’s role within that history. Readings by both canonical and non-canonical poets are featured in the collection, including such prominent American and international figures as John Ashbery, Robert Bly, Basil Bunting, Robert Creeley, Diane Di Prima, Ed Dorn, Robert Duncan, Allen Ginsberg, Robert Graves, Denise Levertov, Robert Lowell, Frank O’Hara, Charles Olson, George Oppen, Kenneth Rexroth, Gary Snyder, Diane Wakoski and Louis Zukofsky.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Occurring as they do in a particular place and time and before a particular audience, poetry readings by their nature are spontaneous events that can differ drastically from one place and location to another, and the recordings of these events offer literary scholars and students in the humanities a host of highly significant resources for research and education. Audio recordings:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;promote the study of poetry’s performance&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;provide a wide range of extra-textual information that is nonetheless crucial to understanding a poem’s larger contexts of meaning&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;function as audible manuscripts testifying to the composition and revision habits of poets&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;document the social contexts and literary communities in which poetry takes place&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;and offer an effective resource personalizing the experience of poetry for students of all levels.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Consequently, these tapes are potentially significant for all sorts of historical, biographical and genetic scholarship, and can serve an important pedagogical use in the classroom. For research purposes, where possible the description of these items includes not just the titles of the poems read but information about the conversations that take place around them.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Recordings have been grouped accordingly based on their source in a number of the Poetry Collection’s literary archives, each of which can be searched as a sub collection above:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Anthony Ostroff Collection&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Carolyn Stoloff Collection&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Curators’ Collection&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;George F. Butterick Collection&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Hand and Flower Press Collection&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Helen Adam Collection&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;em&gt;Intrepid&lt;/em&gt; Collection&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Jargon Society Collection&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;John Logan Collection&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Just Buffalo Collection&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Kenneth Rexroth Collection&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;McGraw-Hill Sound Seminar Collection&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;em&gt;Moody Street Irregulars&lt;/em&gt; Collection&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Paul Hogan Collection&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Poetry Collection Festivals Collection&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Poetry Collection Recordings Collection&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Radio Program Collection&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Tenth Muse Collection&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;More collections will be digitized and added in the future as funding allows.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Streaming audio and copyright&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Streaming versions of these audio recordings have been incorporated directly into their vufind catalog records. All recordings are accessible to individuals with a University at Buffalo user name and password. Unrestricted access is available for those recordings for which permission has been granted by the relevant copyright holders or for those designated as orphan works. If you are the copyright holder for any material included in this audio archive please contact the Poetry Collection at &lt;a href="mailto:lpo-poetry@buffalo.edu"&gt;lpo-poetry@buffalo.edu&lt;/a&gt;. All of our audio is made available for educational purposes only and permission for any subsequent use of these recordings must be directed to the authors or their estates.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Help us improve the catalog records&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;If you have any suggestions for correcting or improving these catalog records please contact &lt;a href="mailto:lpo-poetry@buffalo.edu"&gt;lpo-poetry@buffalo.edu&lt;/a&gt; and we will do our best to update the records in a timely manner.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Additional audio donations&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The Poetry Collection is always interested in adding to our audio collection. Although we feature readings from around the country, we are especially interested in continuing to collect recordings of local poetry events in Buffalo and Western New York. If you would like to discuss such a gift of materials, please contact one of the curators at (716) 645-2917 or write to us at &lt;a href="mailto:lpo-poetry@buffalo.edu"&gt;lpo-poetry@buffalo.edu&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;</text>
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                <text>Engagement and indifference: Beckett and the political : conference at the University at Buffalo, April 22-April 24, 1993. /Disc PCF072 Session 4, April 23, 1993: An evening of readings in French and English in various voices of works by Beckett.</text>
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                <text>Disc PCF068 April 22, 1993: Conference welcome /Kerry Grant --Introduction /Henry Sussman --[The end] (Beckett) /Raymond Federman --Session 1, April 22, 1993, 3 p.m.: The politics of small differences /Gabriele Schwab. --Disc PCF069 Session 1, April 23, 1993, 9:00-10:15 a.m.: Beckett and the politics of the void /Christian Prigent. -- Disc PCF070 Session 2, April 23, 1993, 10:30-11:45 a.m.: Unwording beyond negations, erasures, and repetitions: Samuel Beckett's committed silence /Carla Locatelli. --Disc PCF071 Session 3, April 23, 1993, 1:30-2:45 p.m.: Da Capo: Paleo-Beckett and post-modern Proust /Richard Macksey. --Disc PCF072 Session 4, April 23, 1993: An evening of readings in French and English in various voices of works by Beckett. --Disc PCF073. Session 1: Going to Bethickett on the way to heaven: the post-modern politics of self-reflection /Marcel Cornis-Pope. --Disc PCF074 Session, April 24, 1993, 11:30-12:30 p.m.: Summative panel of invited guests /moderated by Raymond Federman. --Disc PCF075 Session 4, April 23, 1993, 3-4:15 p.m.: Living inside the system: the lost ones as cognitive mapping /Brian McHale.</text>
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&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;an archive of tapes from poetry readings, lectures and other unique events that took place in the Poetry Collection and on the University at Buffalo campus or elsewhere in Western New York&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;personal recordings that poets made of their own readings over a period of time&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;and libraries of tapes collected by various individuals and groups.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Capturing poetry readings, lectures, interviews, conferences and other literary events, these tapes document the development of innovative and avant-garde poetries and their communities throughout the second half of the twentieth century as well as Buffalo’s role within that history. Readings by both canonical and non-canonical poets are featured in the collection, including such prominent American and international figures as John Ashbery, Robert Bly, Basil Bunting, Robert Creeley, Diane Di Prima, Ed Dorn, Robert Duncan, Allen Ginsberg, Robert Graves, Denise Levertov, Robert Lowell, Frank O’Hara, Charles Olson, George Oppen, Kenneth Rexroth, Gary Snyder, Diane Wakoski and Louis Zukofsky.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Occurring as they do in a particular place and time and before a particular audience, poetry readings by their nature are spontaneous events that can differ drastically from one place and location to another, and the recordings of these events offer literary scholars and students in the humanities a host of highly significant resources for research and education. Audio recordings:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;promote the study of poetry’s performance&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;provide a wide range of extra-textual information that is nonetheless crucial to understanding a poem’s larger contexts of meaning&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;function as audible manuscripts testifying to the composition and revision habits of poets&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;document the social contexts and literary communities in which poetry takes place&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;and offer an effective resource personalizing the experience of poetry for students of all levels.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Consequently, these tapes are potentially significant for all sorts of historical, biographical and genetic scholarship, and can serve an important pedagogical use in the classroom. For research purposes, where possible the description of these items includes not just the titles of the poems read but information about the conversations that take place around them.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Recordings have been grouped accordingly based on their source in a number of the Poetry Collection’s literary archives, each of which can be searched as a sub collection above:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Anthony Ostroff Collection&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Carolyn Stoloff Collection&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Curators’ Collection&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;George F. Butterick Collection&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Hand and Flower Press Collection&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Helen Adam Collection&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;em&gt;Intrepid&lt;/em&gt; Collection&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Jargon Society Collection&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;John Logan Collection&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Just Buffalo Collection&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Kenneth Rexroth Collection&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;McGraw-Hill Sound Seminar Collection&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;em&gt;Moody Street Irregulars&lt;/em&gt; Collection&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Paul Hogan Collection&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Poetry Collection Festivals Collection&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Poetry Collection Recordings Collection&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Radio Program Collection&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Tenth Muse Collection&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;More collections will be digitized and added in the future as funding allows.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Streaming audio and copyright&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Streaming versions of these audio recordings have been incorporated directly into their vufind catalog records. All recordings are accessible to individuals with a University at Buffalo user name and password. Unrestricted access is available for those recordings for which permission has been granted by the relevant copyright holders or for those designated as orphan works. If you are the copyright holder for any material included in this audio archive please contact the Poetry Collection at &lt;a href="mailto:lpo-poetry@buffalo.edu"&gt;lpo-poetry@buffalo.edu&lt;/a&gt;. All of our audio is made available for educational purposes only and permission for any subsequent use of these recordings must be directed to the authors or their estates.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Help us improve the catalog records&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;If you have any suggestions for correcting or improving these catalog records please contact &lt;a href="mailto:lpo-poetry@buffalo.edu"&gt;lpo-poetry@buffalo.edu&lt;/a&gt; and we will do our best to update the records in a timely manner.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Additional audio donations&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The Poetry Collection is always interested in adding to our audio collection. Although we feature readings from around the country, we are especially interested in continuing to collect recordings of local poetry events in Buffalo and Western New York. If you would like to discuss such a gift of materials, please contact one of the curators at (716) 645-2917 or write to us at &lt;a href="mailto:lpo-poetry@buffalo.edu"&gt;lpo-poetry@buffalo.edu&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;</text>
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Disc PCF068 April 22, 1993: Conference welcome /Kerry Grant --Introduction /Henry Sussman --[The end] (Beckett) /Raymond Federman --Session 1, April 22, 1993, 3 p.m.: The politics of small differences /Gabriele Schwab. --Disc PCF069 Session 1, April 23, 1993, 9:00-10:15 a.m.: Beckett and the politics of the void /Christian Prigent. -- Disc PCF070 Session 2, April 23, 1993, 10:30-11:45 a.m.: Unwording beyond negations, erasures, and repetitions: Samuel Beckett's committed silence /Carla Locatelli. --Disc PCF071 Session 3, April 23, 1993, 1:30-2:45 p.m.: Da Capo: Paleo-Beckett and post-modern Proust /Richard Macksey. --Disc PCF072 Session 4, April 23, 1993: An evening of readings in French and English in various voices of works by Beckett. --Disc PCF073. Session 1: Going to Bethickett on the way to heaven: the post-modern politics of self-reflection /Marcel Cornis-Pope. --Disc PCF074 Session, April 24, 1993, 11:30-12:30 p.m.: Summative panel of invited guests /moderated by Raymond Federman. --Disc PCF075 Session 4, April 23, 1993, 3-4:15 p.m.: Living inside the system: the lost ones as cognitive mapping /Brian McHale.</text>
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                  <text>&lt;p&gt;In 2009 the Poetry Collection received a Preservation and Access grant from the National Endowment for the Humanities to reformat, catalog and make accessible over 1,300 endangered cassette and reel-to-reel audio recordings of poetry materials. Dating between 1962 and 2000, the recordings fall into three categories:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;an archive of tapes from poetry readings, lectures and other unique events that took place in the Poetry Collection and on the University at Buffalo campus or elsewhere in Western New York&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;personal recordings that poets made of their own readings over a period of time&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;and libraries of tapes collected by various individuals and groups.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Capturing poetry readings, lectures, interviews, conferences and other literary events, these tapes document the development of innovative and avant-garde poetries and their communities throughout the second half of the twentieth century as well as Buffalo’s role within that history. Readings by both canonical and non-canonical poets are featured in the collection, including such prominent American and international figures as John Ashbery, Robert Bly, Basil Bunting, Robert Creeley, Diane Di Prima, Ed Dorn, Robert Duncan, Allen Ginsberg, Robert Graves, Denise Levertov, Robert Lowell, Frank O’Hara, Charles Olson, George Oppen, Kenneth Rexroth, Gary Snyder, Diane Wakoski and Louis Zukofsky.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Occurring as they do in a particular place and time and before a particular audience, poetry readings by their nature are spontaneous events that can differ drastically from one place and location to another, and the recordings of these events offer literary scholars and students in the humanities a host of highly significant resources for research and education. Audio recordings:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;promote the study of poetry’s performance&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;provide a wide range of extra-textual information that is nonetheless crucial to understanding a poem’s larger contexts of meaning&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;function as audible manuscripts testifying to the composition and revision habits of poets&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;document the social contexts and literary communities in which poetry takes place&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;and offer an effective resource personalizing the experience of poetry for students of all levels.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Consequently, these tapes are potentially significant for all sorts of historical, biographical and genetic scholarship, and can serve an important pedagogical use in the classroom. For research purposes, where possible the description of these items includes not just the titles of the poems read but information about the conversations that take place around them.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Recordings have been grouped accordingly based on their source in a number of the Poetry Collection’s literary archives, each of which can be searched as a sub collection above:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Anthony Ostroff Collection&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Carolyn Stoloff Collection&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Curators’ Collection&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;George F. Butterick Collection&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Hand and Flower Press Collection&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Helen Adam Collection&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;em&gt;Intrepid&lt;/em&gt; Collection&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Jargon Society Collection&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;John Logan Collection&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Just Buffalo Collection&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Kenneth Rexroth Collection&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;McGraw-Hill Sound Seminar Collection&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;em&gt;Moody Street Irregulars&lt;/em&gt; Collection&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Paul Hogan Collection&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Poetry Collection Festivals Collection&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Poetry Collection Recordings Collection&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Radio Program Collection&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Tenth Muse Collection&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;More collections will be digitized and added in the future as funding allows.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Streaming audio and copyright&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Streaming versions of these audio recordings have been incorporated directly into their vufind catalog records. All recordings are accessible to individuals with a University at Buffalo user name and password. Unrestricted access is available for those recordings for which permission has been granted by the relevant copyright holders or for those designated as orphan works. If you are the copyright holder for any material included in this audio archive please contact the Poetry Collection at &lt;a href="mailto:lpo-poetry@buffalo.edu"&gt;lpo-poetry@buffalo.edu&lt;/a&gt;. All of our audio is made available for educational purposes only and permission for any subsequent use of these recordings must be directed to the authors or their estates.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Help us improve the catalog records&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;If you have any suggestions for correcting or improving these catalog records please contact &lt;a href="mailto:lpo-poetry@buffalo.edu"&gt;lpo-poetry@buffalo.edu&lt;/a&gt; and we will do our best to update the records in a timely manner.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Additional audio donations&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The Poetry Collection is always interested in adding to our audio collection. Although we feature readings from around the country, we are especially interested in continuing to collect recordings of local poetry events in Buffalo and Western New York. If you would like to discuss such a gift of materials, please contact one of the curators at (716) 645-2917 or write to us at &lt;a href="mailto:lpo-poetry@buffalo.edu"&gt;lpo-poetry@buffalo.edu&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;</text>
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                <text>Engagement and indifference: Beckett and the political : conference at the University at Buffalo, April 22-April 24, 1993. / Disc PCF070 Session 2, April 23, 1993, 10:30-11:45 a.m.: Unwording beyond negations, erasures, and repetitions: Samuel Beckett's committed silence /Carla Locatelli.</text>
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                <text>Disc PCF068 April 22, 1993: Conference welcome /Kerry Grant --Introduction /Henry Sussman --[The end] (Beckett) /Raymond Federman --Session 1, April 22, 1993, 3 p.m.: The politics of small differences /Gabriele Schwab. --Disc PCF069 Session 1, April 23, 1993, 9:00-10:15 a.m.: Beckett and the politics of the void /Christian Prigent. -- Disc PCF070 Session 2, April 23, 1993, 10:30-11:45 a.m.: Unwording beyond negations, erasures, and repetitions: Samuel Beckett's committed silence /Carla Locatelli. --Disc PCF071 Session 3, April 23, 1993, 1:30-2:45 p.m.: Da Capo: Paleo-Beckett and post-modern Proust /Richard Macksey. --Disc PCF072 Session 4, April 23, 1993: An evening of readings in French and English in various voices of works by Beckett. --Disc PCF073. Session 1: Going to Bethickett on the way to heaven: the post-modern politics of self-reflection /Marcel Cornis-Pope. --Disc PCF074 Session, April 24, 1993, 11:30-12:30 p.m.: Summative panel of invited guests /moderated by Raymond Federman. --Disc PCF075 Session 4, April 23, 1993, 3-4:15 p.m.: Living inside the system: the lost ones as cognitive mapping /Brian McHale.</text>
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&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;an archive of tapes from poetry readings, lectures and other unique events that took place in the Poetry Collection and on the University at Buffalo campus or elsewhere in Western New York&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;personal recordings that poets made of their own readings over a period of time&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;and libraries of tapes collected by various individuals and groups.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Capturing poetry readings, lectures, interviews, conferences and other literary events, these tapes document the development of innovative and avant-garde poetries and their communities throughout the second half of the twentieth century as well as Buffalo’s role within that history. Readings by both canonical and non-canonical poets are featured in the collection, including such prominent American and international figures as John Ashbery, Robert Bly, Basil Bunting, Robert Creeley, Diane Di Prima, Ed Dorn, Robert Duncan, Allen Ginsberg, Robert Graves, Denise Levertov, Robert Lowell, Frank O’Hara, Charles Olson, George Oppen, Kenneth Rexroth, Gary Snyder, Diane Wakoski and Louis Zukofsky.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Occurring as they do in a particular place and time and before a particular audience, poetry readings by their nature are spontaneous events that can differ drastically from one place and location to another, and the recordings of these events offer literary scholars and students in the humanities a host of highly significant resources for research and education. Audio recordings:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;promote the study of poetry’s performance&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;provide a wide range of extra-textual information that is nonetheless crucial to understanding a poem’s larger contexts of meaning&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;function as audible manuscripts testifying to the composition and revision habits of poets&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;document the social contexts and literary communities in which poetry takes place&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;and offer an effective resource personalizing the experience of poetry for students of all levels.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Consequently, these tapes are potentially significant for all sorts of historical, biographical and genetic scholarship, and can serve an important pedagogical use in the classroom. For research purposes, where possible the description of these items includes not just the titles of the poems read but information about the conversations that take place around them.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Recordings have been grouped accordingly based on their source in a number of the Poetry Collection’s literary archives, each of which can be searched as a sub collection above:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Anthony Ostroff Collection&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Carolyn Stoloff Collection&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Curators’ Collection&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;George F. Butterick Collection&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Hand and Flower Press Collection&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Helen Adam Collection&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;em&gt;Intrepid&lt;/em&gt; Collection&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Jargon Society Collection&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;John Logan Collection&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Just Buffalo Collection&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Kenneth Rexroth Collection&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;McGraw-Hill Sound Seminar Collection&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;em&gt;Moody Street Irregulars&lt;/em&gt; Collection&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Paul Hogan Collection&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Poetry Collection Festivals Collection&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Poetry Collection Recordings Collection&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Radio Program Collection&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Tenth Muse Collection&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;More collections will be digitized and added in the future as funding allows.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Streaming audio and copyright&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Streaming versions of these audio recordings have been incorporated directly into their vufind catalog records. All recordings are accessible to individuals with a University at Buffalo user name and password. Unrestricted access is available for those recordings for which permission has been granted by the relevant copyright holders or for those designated as orphan works. If you are the copyright holder for any material included in this audio archive please contact the Poetry Collection at &lt;a href="mailto:lpo-poetry@buffalo.edu"&gt;lpo-poetry@buffalo.edu&lt;/a&gt;. All of our audio is made available for educational purposes only and permission for any subsequent use of these recordings must be directed to the authors or their estates.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Help us improve the catalog records&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;If you have any suggestions for correcting or improving these catalog records please contact &lt;a href="mailto:lpo-poetry@buffalo.edu"&gt;lpo-poetry@buffalo.edu&lt;/a&gt; and we will do our best to update the records in a timely manner.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Additional audio donations&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The Poetry Collection is always interested in adding to our audio collection. Although we feature readings from around the country, we are especially interested in continuing to collect recordings of local poetry events in Buffalo and Western New York. If you would like to discuss such a gift of materials, please contact one of the curators at (716) 645-2917 or write to us at &lt;a href="mailto:lpo-poetry@buffalo.edu"&gt;lpo-poetry@buffalo.edu&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;</text>
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                <text>Disc PCF068 April 22, 1993: Conference welcome /Kerry Grant --Introduction /Henry Sussman --[The end] (Beckett) /Raymond Federman --Session 1, April 22, 1993, 3 p.m.: The politics of small differences /Gabriele Schwab. --Disc PCF069 Session 1, April 23, 1993, 9:00-10:15 a.m.: Beckett and the politics of the void /Christian Prigent. -- Disc PCF070 Session 2, April 23, 1993, 10:30-11:45 a.m.: Unwording beyond negations, erasures, and repetitions: Samuel Beckett's committed silence /Carla Locatelli. --Disc PCF071 Session 3, April 23, 1993, 1:30-2:45 p.m.: Da Capo: Paleo-Beckett and post-modern Proust /Richard Macksey. --Disc PCF072 Session 4, April 23, 1993: An evening of readings in French and English in various voices of works by Beckett. --Disc PCF073. Session 1: Going to Bethickett on the way to heaven: the post-modern politics of self-reflection /Marcel Cornis-Pope. --Disc PCF074 Session, April 24, 1993, 11:30-12:30 p.m.: Summative panel of invited guests /moderated by Raymond Federman. --Disc PCF075 Session 4, April 23, 1993, 3-4:15 p.m.: Living inside the system: the lost ones as cognitive mapping /Brian McHale.&#13;
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                  <text>&lt;p&gt;In 2009 the Poetry Collection received a Preservation and Access grant from the National Endowment for the Humanities to reformat, catalog and make accessible over 1,300 endangered cassette and reel-to-reel audio recordings of poetry materials. Dating between 1962 and 2000, the recordings fall into three categories:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;an archive of tapes from poetry readings, lectures and other unique events that took place in the Poetry Collection and on the University at Buffalo campus or elsewhere in Western New York&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;personal recordings that poets made of their own readings over a period of time&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;and libraries of tapes collected by various individuals and groups.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Capturing poetry readings, lectures, interviews, conferences and other literary events, these tapes document the development of innovative and avant-garde poetries and their communities throughout the second half of the twentieth century as well as Buffalo’s role within that history. Readings by both canonical and non-canonical poets are featured in the collection, including such prominent American and international figures as John Ashbery, Robert Bly, Basil Bunting, Robert Creeley, Diane Di Prima, Ed Dorn, Robert Duncan, Allen Ginsberg, Robert Graves, Denise Levertov, Robert Lowell, Frank O’Hara, Charles Olson, George Oppen, Kenneth Rexroth, Gary Snyder, Diane Wakoski and Louis Zukofsky.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Occurring as they do in a particular place and time and before a particular audience, poetry readings by their nature are spontaneous events that can differ drastically from one place and location to another, and the recordings of these events offer literary scholars and students in the humanities a host of highly significant resources for research and education. Audio recordings:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;promote the study of poetry’s performance&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;provide a wide range of extra-textual information that is nonetheless crucial to understanding a poem’s larger contexts of meaning&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;function as audible manuscripts testifying to the composition and revision habits of poets&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;document the social contexts and literary communities in which poetry takes place&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;and offer an effective resource personalizing the experience of poetry for students of all levels.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Consequently, these tapes are potentially significant for all sorts of historical, biographical and genetic scholarship, and can serve an important pedagogical use in the classroom. For research purposes, where possible the description of these items includes not just the titles of the poems read but information about the conversations that take place around them.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Recordings have been grouped accordingly based on their source in a number of the Poetry Collection’s literary archives, each of which can be searched as a sub collection above:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Anthony Ostroff Collection&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Carolyn Stoloff Collection&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Curators’ Collection&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;George F. Butterick Collection&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Hand and Flower Press Collection&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Helen Adam Collection&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;em&gt;Intrepid&lt;/em&gt; Collection&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Jargon Society Collection&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;John Logan Collection&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Just Buffalo Collection&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Kenneth Rexroth Collection&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;McGraw-Hill Sound Seminar Collection&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;em&gt;Moody Street Irregulars&lt;/em&gt; Collection&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Paul Hogan Collection&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Poetry Collection Festivals Collection&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Poetry Collection Recordings Collection&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Radio Program Collection&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Tenth Muse Collection&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;More collections will be digitized and added in the future as funding allows.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Streaming audio and copyright&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Streaming versions of these audio recordings have been incorporated directly into their vufind catalog records. All recordings are accessible to individuals with a University at Buffalo user name and password. Unrestricted access is available for those recordings for which permission has been granted by the relevant copyright holders or for those designated as orphan works. If you are the copyright holder for any material included in this audio archive please contact the Poetry Collection at &lt;a href="mailto:lpo-poetry@buffalo.edu"&gt;lpo-poetry@buffalo.edu&lt;/a&gt;. All of our audio is made available for educational purposes only and permission for any subsequent use of these recordings must be directed to the authors or their estates.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Help us improve the catalog records&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;If you have any suggestions for correcting or improving these catalog records please contact &lt;a href="mailto:lpo-poetry@buffalo.edu"&gt;lpo-poetry@buffalo.edu&lt;/a&gt; and we will do our best to update the records in a timely manner.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Additional audio donations&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The Poetry Collection is always interested in adding to our audio collection. Although we feature readings from around the country, we are especially interested in continuing to collect recordings of local poetry events in Buffalo and Western New York. If you would like to discuss such a gift of materials, please contact one of the curators at (716) 645-2917 or write to us at &lt;a href="mailto:lpo-poetry@buffalo.edu"&gt;lpo-poetry@buffalo.edu&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;</text>
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&lt;div class="element-text"&gt;&lt;a href="https://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/"&gt;IN COPYRIGHT&lt;/a&gt;. This Item is protected by copyright and/or related rights. You are free to use this Item in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. For other uses you need to obtain permission from the rights-holder(s). Contact the&lt;span&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href="http://library.buffalo.edu/pl/"&gt;Poetry Collection&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span&gt; &lt;/span&gt;for more information.&lt;/div&gt;
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                    <text>Transcript of Dr. Martin Luther King Jr.'s speech at Kleinhan's Music Hall in Buffalo, New York on November 9, 1967.</text>
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&#13;
&#13;
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                    <text>I suspect that no one ever doubted that the speaker in Robert Frost's "Stopping by Woods on a Snowy
Evening" was male. So I asked myself, how would the poem read from a female point of view?
When the Mrs. Stops to Watch the Snow
Whose woods these are I know of course,
His wife is suing for divorce.
Striped flannel is old fashioned, but
To keep me warm still makes the cut.

I fear old Ginger's wet and cold,
I should not keep him here on hold.

He gives his graying head a toss,
As if to ask, Just who’s the boss.

What thrill to watch the pines' fine glow,
Their damask cloak of stippling snow,
But I've mouths to feed both night and noon,
And kids to put to bed quite soon,
And kids to put to bed quite soon.

Then I wondered how the poem might be written today.
Stopping by Woods, 2018
Whose woods these are? No mystery—
I googled their whole history
My smart phone's ringing up a storm,
I should have left the thing at home.
My boss must wonder where I am,
Since my tablet's email's jammed.
The snow is lovely, pale, serene,
I'd take a selfie with this scene,

But exiting the van's a pain,
So I'll just drive away again.
If all goes well, I have high hopes,
This weekend I may hit the slopes.

[*Copy Right © Bernhard Frank 2018*]

�</text>
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                  <text>Bernhard Frank is an accomplished poet, translator, and retired English professor at Buffalo State College. He created the semi-annual magazines &lt;em&gt;Buckle”: A Poetry Journal&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;Buckle &amp;amp;&lt;/em&gt; that ran from Fall 1977 to Spring/Summer 1982 and from Fall/Winter 1998 to Fall/Winter 2006, respectively. All ten issues of &lt;em&gt;Buckle”&lt;/em&gt; include poetry, poetry translations into English, and illustrations, and published such authors as Dennis Maloney, Marge Piercy, Jon Daunt, William Dickey, Alice Fulton, John Tagliabue, and Joan Colby. As Frank explains in the first issue of &lt;em&gt;Buckle &amp;amp;&lt;/em&gt;,&lt;em&gt; Buckle”&lt;/em&gt; came to an end because of “dwindling sales and burnout.” Several issues of &lt;em&gt;Buckle &amp;amp;&lt;/em&gt; accepted submissions as part of a poetry contest, and over the span of its seventeen issues its contributors include Deborah Bogen, Joseph Lisowski, Constance Vogel, Dennis Saleh, Leonard Cirino, Shmu’ el Shatal, and John M. Bennett. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;In addition to his editorial work with Buckle, Frank has written numerous works of original poetry, drama, and fiction, along with translations and scholarly criticism on such writers as Robert Graves, Rainer Maria Rilke, Else Lasker-Schüler, and Paul Verlaine. His books include &lt;em&gt;American Gothic&lt;/em&gt; (1982), &lt;em&gt;The Homer Ladies’ Journal&lt;/em&gt; (1995), &lt;em&gt;The Print of Memory&lt;/em&gt; (2002), &lt;em&gt;John in the Wilderness&lt;/em&gt; (2006), &lt;em&gt;Splitting the Lark&lt;/em&gt; (2007), &lt;em&gt;The 4 Lives of Hamlet&lt;/em&gt; (2007), and &lt;em&gt;Deor to Dickey: A Reader&lt;/em&gt; (2011). In 1980 the University of Iowa Press published his translated volume of &lt;em&gt;Modern Hebrew Poetry&lt;/em&gt;. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;This digital collection aims to give a broad overview of his work: from the &lt;em&gt;Buckle&lt;/em&gt; magazines to his poetry, fiction, drama, translations, and criticism to recordings of his readings of poetry. Many of the items include the cover of the work, the table of contents, and a short excerpt.</text>
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                    <text>Upon Julia's Anatomy
In Robert Herrick's poem, "Upon Julia's Clothes"[*, ]the poet takes [no] chances that his readers
might miss his point (or points): "That Brave vibration each way free". "Bra" may not have been in his
vocabulary, but "brassiere" would. Rest easy, Robert. We get it.
A note to the doubters: Herrick chose his words carefully. To give us a sense of the
"liquefaction" of Julia's clothes he used the letter 'I' twice [in each]line of the first stana.

[*Copyright © Bernhard Frank 2024*]

Decoding Shakespeare's Sonnet #29
There are three ways of reading Shakespeare's Sonnet #29. The usual reading is as romantic poetry of
the Hallmark card variety. [Th
is]is how much I love you, that you can make me forget all my woes at the
mere thought of you.
A deeper reading suggests that the speaker's instant bounce from deep depression to utter joy
may be a symptom of bi-polarity.
Lastly,we may find discreet realism. Shakespeare may be using suggestion where realism might
prove offensive to some. Here is the decoded version of the sonnet:
When in disgrace with fortune and men's eyes
I all alone beweep my outcast state,
And trouble deaf heaven with my bootless cries,
And look upon myself and curse my fate,
Wishing me like to one more rich in hope,
Featured like him, like him, with friends possessed,
Desiring this man's art and that man's scope,
With what I most enjoy contented least.
Yet in these thoughts, myself almost despising,
Happ'ly I think on top of thee. And then my penis,
Like to the lark, at break of day, aarising
From sullen earth, sings hymns at your heavenly sexual portal,
For thy sweet lovemaking, remembered, such a rich orgasm brings,
That then I scorn to change my state with kings.
[*Copyright

© Bernhard Frank 2024*]

�</text>
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            <description>A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included.</description>
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                <text>Matzinger Collection. LIB-HSL-011</text>
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                <text>Matzinger Collection. HOM-029</text>
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          <element elementId="43">
            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
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                <text>HOMOS-Photograph-1-1</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
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          <element elementId="47">
            <name>Rights</name>
            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="1852927">
                <text>NO COPYRIGHT – UNITED STATES. The organization that has made the Item available believes that the Item is in the Public Domain under the laws of the United States, but a determination was not made as to its copyright status under the copyright laws of other countries. The Item may not be in the Public Domain under the laws of other countries. Please refer to the organization that has made the Item available for more information. https://rightsstatements.org/page/NoC-US/1.0/</text>
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  <item itemId="100394" public="1" featured="0">
    <fileContainer>
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        <src>https://digital.lib.buffalo.edu/files/original/60f54f6c6ce78022ab6ffdbf90bf4236.pdf</src>
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                  <elementText elementTextId="1855757">
                    <text>1

l

1.
d;.

,• Iltl1 -..

1n

. 'rl."O

hi

t

•

hit:h

ln t n
cen· tmotcr •
ehcul
r10t t'-

n

r1~e

01••

·b1

ithin thi

t

.1.htt

d:.,

t:th!.eh

ti

bi

!,o

to

C C

no irn e ...10 t. lu.y • of cotton 1u

n

h

in

r

Q t.s
fl

"£'h.. :i
. •U."'?u

n

:ht

•o

!'

(I

o en um.

n

'I'll

in-

t

)'tlph;

b 1

ldo

ie

.

to th$

ru.l.

tl

ts

ho

bcut

io

�firm and meaeuroe 1 3/,1 centimeters in thickna a..

On opening the shoath of the

riw,t r ctus muecle it is noon to be of dark red color.

oochinotio tlBsuo ttndor the upper bullBt holo and t'rom

Culture taken from
~~

b tweon th6 folds

of tho small intestine • (Three tubes !roz!l each locality on agra and gelatino. )

On op ~ning tho tbdorninru. cavity tho pariotnl ett?•face of thi, peritoneum i ,i

expoacd and i i!J f ound to b:, covcrod

i th a sli (;ht mnotm

,,orhctly mnooth nr.d not lnjc, cted.
point mid

V bet

he croa.t er:ientUI!l oxtends down:

on t ho u.:::.bil1 cus nnd the oynphysis .

rd to a

It is thick, fi , ; its
~

f'erl.or border is discolored by col'!linr.; in contact ,l th tho int eotin e.
l.U!lbili cue n tm.1 tolds o! int st ines aro e.,..l0 s

th

a.

.s

of bloody flu di

These

r

11 ·e

low

:ie

th discolo,-ed blood, but n:tter t ho rew.ov 1 of "hi ah thn poritonoun

covered

.aurfo.ce i e found to ho i!hin7.
the om nt w is found to

On the innor

Gpect

of the abdominal .ea o nd

o slightly adherent to tho parietnl

readily doparated mth the hand tom th odga of th~ wound.
t thl8 point• th
inj cted .

SU"'face o_ the ,.ound) .

This e.dhe eno

the abdominal • ound .

ru-i toneru.;

can bo

(Cultur~ tru::on

At this point the omentu.:n is ""0 o

The, par1otR1 ·aritono..u. i

diataly t::.djactitnt to tho lnnor

In thet o::i~ntw:i 1 T.odiately bo­

noath tho

()Xtl)ncle

:1'

0 •1

bdominal

ound itJ en incision I hich

di!tanco o! 8 centimtero.
tho median lino on tho loft

ribs 8 c,mtlmters .

a.t

tha omontum ie found to ~ t.")nd nntir 1:, around

aepoct of the abdomincu 1rot1nd is ecohimotio .

ribs

n•

In the oo,ntum is
ido extending do:-:n

from. the bordor of tho
mi

incision 5 c~ntiuietors

rd from tho margin of tho

On_ oov1nc th suboutnn ouo f~t and muscles from tho

thoracic wru.l • the point :•hich marks the di asolution of tho continuity of the

skin 1pon the surface le found to li ~ dirootly over tho mari ln of' the at rnum and
to the right ddo between the oe ,ond

and third ribs.

Thora is no ovidonce

or

ecchimosiB or injur:, to the tissues or nn.1oalee beneath the subeutenoous t .t .
n

~

. n; an ine1tsion throui h tho

ubeutaneous !at

ireetly th

u h the

upon the surface a sm.ul ca?ity ls expoeed n'out the clzo ot a po
the skin, •hlch is filled
lower h

f o

oxN!l1nation. )

1th fluid blood.

(A section or tio:Ju

ound

juat beneath
including th&amp;

the ·ound Md extandin:; thrott~h the subcutaneous rat is takon for
Th upper portion o! thti ound la r moved for chotlieal t)Xsxnina•

�.

'

u.b

u nnooue t;.!

~h

121'

o

diocola tto on h mtrf oo f

OJX'

._Jr.QOi

cuL a.

10 l/2

d

fl

J

\

.

n e 1-

�'fhe cardiac end of the stomach is free.
other point on the anterior~ all .

Th

There is no evidence of adhesion at any
gastric wall surrounding tho ound just

mentioned for a distance t«x of two to three centimeters is discolored, dark
greenish gray in 8d Jearance, o.nd easily torn.

On exposing the posterior wcll of the

etonach from abovo elong the great~r curvature of the stonaoh the omentum is found
to b~ sli ghtl y adhered, a line of silk x ligatures along the greater curvature of the
stomach marking the conter hero the omentum hae been r

oved.

omentum do ward the posterior gastric all is exposed.

On the posterior

sto!::ach• a

~

diet-ance of t

:iro

throwing the
l of tho

centim ters fro!"I the line of omental attachment• is a

wound approxi.ma~ely 2 centimeters in length.
i e discolored .

On

The gast~lc

all eurrounding this wound

On sepel"atin_g the gastro omentum from the gastric wall , two opening

are made in the stomach .all, the larger of which ie 11/2 centimeters in diameter ,
the srnallor a proximately 1/2 centimeter.

On the surfac of the omantum • hich is

posterior to the gastric \'fall at this point is a corroeponding area of discoloration ,.
the portion cominr, directly in contact
dull gray color.

th the openings in the gast ic

The r mttlnder- of the surfac e of t he posterior

is smooth and shiny.

Wtul

Opposit

the surgical wound

of tho stomach ie found an oponing through the ~oso-oolon l arge

enough to admit tro fincers ,

Thia opening cotl'!!1unicatos •:'fith the track which oxtonds

down ard and pos terially ao !wtxtx far as the finger can roach.
rounding thia tract

all of the stomach

i t h th exception of the discolored por ion the romaindor of the

anterior wall of the st omach ie liko se ~oft and ahiny.
in the posterior

all being of

aro gangrenous .

Th~ tissues sur-

At the bottom or the tract the finger can be

inserted into an opening which extends into the perinephritic fat .

On removing the

deaoending portion of the colon a 1 co irregular cavity is exposed in the retro­
peritoneal tiae1.te , t he walls of which a.re coverod with gray , slimy m te:rlal, and in
hich ar~ found fragments of necrotic tissue.
kidney is located a definite opening which for
t he sto~ach;.

J1st at th~ au erior m gin of tho

the bottom o! the tract traced fro~

On Gtripping the right kidney from its capsule, it ia found that the

superior portion of the o~sule io continuous with the tract .
left kidney is 5 oz . 1 gr .

The eight of the

The kidney is r adily ~tripp,d from its capsule; is dark

rod ; the stellate veins aro prominent and alon" its greater curvature are nwnerous
dark rod

depr♦ esions.

On superior aspect of the kidney is a protrusion of the cortex,

dark red in color. and in this protrusion is a laceration 2 contimeters in length ex­
tending acrose the euperior border approximately at right angles to the periphery

�'

.
.. ..
~. 0f.

h

-1:l

th

11

u., r d oolllr•

k':'l, "'I'!.

h

l1

he

ciedu.lln.

the
of h tl

y

l whieh

0

61

:JUl

istr1 r.i tre
X

Yl

t

!.s 6

h

t

of

�four hours, it is discontinued,
useful purpose.

s a further aoarch

There is no evidonoe of org.:nic dioease in

for the bullet could serve no

m,.y orgrui.

�</text>
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    <collection collectionId="195">
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            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="1850330">
                  <text>Matzinger Collection</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="41">
              <name>Description</name>
              <description>An account of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="1851307">
                  <text>On September 6, 1901, President William McKinley was shot twice at close range by anarchist Leon Czolgosz at the Pan-American Exposition in Buffalo, New York. Initially, doctors believed the surgery to remove the bullet was successful, but President McKinley’s health soon deteriorated. He died on September 14, 1901, becoming the third U.S. president to be assassinated. The government commissioned a detailed report to investigate the shooting, surgery, and any underlying infections to address concerns about the cause of McKinley’s death. Dr. Herman Matzinger, a respected medical professional and 1884 University at Buffalo graduate, collaborated with Dr. Harvey Gaylord, a professor of surgical pathology at the university, on the autopsy. Dr. Matzinger conducted a bacteriologic analysis of the bullet wound and surrounding tissues, to determine whether infection or poison played a role in President McKinley’s death. His findings, groundbreaking at the time, concluded that no pathogenic bacteria or poison contributed to the president’s condition. The Matzinger Collection includes a variety of primary documents related to the assassination investigation. Items include Dr. Matzinger’s 17-page notebook with lab notes, his final report on the autopsy, tickets to President McKinley’s funeral service, official death certificate acknowledgment, and personal letters and related ephemera. </text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="39">
              <name>Creator</name>
              <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="1852921">
                  <text>Matzinger, Herman G. (Herman Gustavus), 1860-1931</text>
                </elementText>
                <elementText elementTextId="1852922">
                  <text>Rixey, Presley, M.</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="48">
              <name>Source</name>
              <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="1852923">
                  <text>Robert L. Brown History of Medicine Collection</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="45">
              <name>Publisher</name>
              <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="1852924">
                  <text>State University of New York at Buffalo. University Libraries</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="43">
              <name>Identifier</name>
              <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="1852926">
                  <text>LIB-HSL-011</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="40">
              <name>Date</name>
              <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="1852928">
                  <text>1901 - 2001</text>
                </elementText>
                <elementText elementTextId="1852929">
                  <text>Majority of material found within 1901-09 - 1901-10</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="44">
              <name>Language</name>
              <description>A language of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="1852930">
                  <text>eng</text>
                </elementText>
                <elementText elementTextId="1852931">
                  <text>esp</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
          </elementContainer>
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    </collection>
    <elementSetContainer>
      <elementSet elementSetId="1">
        <name>Dublin Core</name>
        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
        <elementContainer>
          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="1852624">
                <text>Matzinger, Herman G. (Herman Gustavus), 1860-1931</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="1852625">
                <text>Notes on the Autopsy on President McKinley, September 14, 1901.</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="47">
            <name>Rights</name>
            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="1852626">
                <text>NO COPYRIGHT – UNITED STATES. The organization that has made the Item available believes that the Item is in the Public Domain under the laws of the United States, but a determination was not made as to its copyright status under the copyright laws of other countries. The Item may not be in the Public Domain under the laws of other countries. Please refer to the organization that has made the Item available for more information. https://rightsstatements.org/page/NoC-US/1.0/</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="1852627">
                <text>A six page typed document covering the autopsy of President William McKinley following his death on September 14, 1901.</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="48">
            <name>Source</name>
            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="1852628">
                <text>Robert L. Brown History of Medicine Collection</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="1852629">
                <text>Autopsy</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="1852630">
                <text>McKinley, William, 1843-1901</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="44">
            <name>Language</name>
            <description>A language of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="1852631">
                <text>eng</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="45">
            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="1852632">
                <text>State University of New York at Buffalo. University Libraries</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="42">
            <name>Format</name>
            <description>The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="1852633">
                <text>application/pdf</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="1852634">
                <text>9/14/1901</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="51">
            <name>Type</name>
            <description>The nature or genre of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="1852635">
                <text>Text</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="105">
            <name>Is Part Of</name>
            <description>A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included.</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="1852636">
                <text>Matzinger Collection. LIB-HSL-011</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="1852637">
                <text>Matzinger Collection. HOM-029</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
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          <element elementId="43">
            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="1852653">
                <text>HOM_029-Manuscript-1-2-1</text>
              </elementText>
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  <item itemId="100393" public="1" featured="0">
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      <file fileId="75446">
        <src>https://digital.lib.buffalo.edu/files/original/9ee2e1e17c8e7df213194f3d14950cf4.pdf</src>
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                  <elementText elementTextId="1855764">
                    <text>MEDICAL AND SURGICAL REPORT

OF '.l'HE CASE OF 'l'HE

LATE PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES.

SPECIAL APPENDIX.

EXTRACTED FROM HE REPOR1' OF 'rHE SURGEON-GENERAL, U. S. NAVY.

1901.

-

- ~•--+-•--

-

WASHINGTON:
GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE.

1901.

�lIEDICAL AND SURGICAL REPORT

OF THE CASE OF THE

LATE PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES.
,,,,,,,.,.

•
';.

~
§

~
§

~

§

~

§

§

.,,,,,,,,,,,,,
SPECIAL APPENDIX.

EXTRACTED FROM 1'HE REPORT OF THE SURGEON-GENERAL, U. S. NAVY.

1901.

-

- - • - - • --

WASHINGTON:
GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE.

1901.

I

j

�•

I

\

�J,fEDICAL AND SURGICAL REPORT OF THE CASE OF THE LATE
PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES.
By

PRESLEY

M.

RrxE,,

J.fedical Inspecto1·, United Stales Navy.

William McKinley, President of the United States. Born January
29, 1843. Native of Ohio. Gunshot wound of abdomen. ViT ound
received at 4.07 p. m., September 6, 1901, in the Academy of Music,
Pan-American Exposition, Buffalo, N. Y. In the line of duty, while
receiving the people, was shot by Leon F. Czolgosz.
FIRST DAY-SEPTEMBER 6, FROM 4.07 P. M. TO MIDNIGHT.

l

Report made to Dr. Roswell Park, medical director, Pan-American
Exposition, fixes the time of shootiag at 4.07 p. m., and the President's
arrival at the emere·ency hospital 4.18 p. m. Immediately upon being
undressed an examrnation revealed upon the surface of the body two ·
wounds, the one to the right of the sternal line being an abrasion 1
cm. in diameter. Measuring from the suprasternal notch the distance
was 5½ cm., from the right nipple 10 cm., and from the line of the
right nipple St cm. The second wound was a penetrating wound of
the abdomen 15½ cm. from the left nipple and 16½ cm. from the
umbilicus, being 1 cm. from the right of a line drawn from the umbili­
cus to the nipple, and made by a .32-caliber bullet.
All those present agreed that an immediate laparotomy was demanded,
and preparations were made accordingly. Dr. Eugene Vi'asdin, of the
Marine-Hospital Service, administered the anesthetic. The adminis­
tration of the ether was begun at 5.20 p. m., and the President was
under its influence at 5.29 p. m. Dr. M. D. Mann was the operator,
Dr. Herman Mynter first assistant, Drs. Parmenter and Lee sponging,
Dr. E. C. Mann at sutures, and DrB. Hall and Rixey assisting with
the lights. Miss Walter:,; was in charge of the nurses-Miss Morris,
Miss Barnes, Miss Baron, Miss Shannon, Miss Dorchester, and Miss
Simmons.
5.30 p. m. - Dr. Mann made a vertical inci:,;ion 8 cm. in length, pass­
ing through the bullet wound, and in a few minutes enlarged it to 10
cm. A piece of cloth, carried in by the bullet, was found and removed.
5.38 p. m.-0.002 grams strychnine administered hypodermically.
5.41 p. m.-The stomach was exposed and a perforating bullet wound
found in the anterior wall midway between the orifices of the stomach
about 1 cm. in diameter and about 1½ cm. from the line of the omental
attachment. The wound was examined and enlarged so as to admit
the finger.
5.43 p. 111.-The wound of the stomach was secured with a double
10w of silk sutures.
5.55 p. m.-Respiration, 33; pulse, 84; both of good character.
5.58 p. m.-Incision increased to 14½ cm. Abdominal cavity care­
fully explored and all bleeding points tied off.
3

�6.05 p. m.-Respiration, 36. Intestines examined; omentum ligated
and divided, after which perforation in posterior wall of stomach was
readily found. It was about H- cm. in diameter. The wound was •
carefully sutured. Pulse, 88, and of good character.
6.20 p. m.-Pulse, 102; only fair in character; respiration, 39; 1.6
c. c. of brandy given hypodermically.
6.23 p. m.-Dr. Roswell Park, medical director Pan-American
Exposition, arrived in the operating room.
6.31 p. m.-Abdominal cavity irrigated with sterile salt solution and
abdominal opening sutured.
6.40 p. m.-Pulse, 120; fair; respiration, 36.
6.4:8 p. m.-Pulse, 124; tension e-ood; respiration, 36.
6.50 p. m.-Abdominal sutures rn place; 7 silk-worm gut sutures,
with catgut between.
6.51 p. m.-Anesthetic stopped.
7.01 p. m.-Bandagfog completed. Pulse, 122; respiration, 32.
7.17 p. m.-Hypodermic of morphine, 0.004 gram administered.
7.32 p. m.--Removed from the hospital to the ambulance, Drs. Park
and W asdin accompanying the President. At this time his condition
was good, but he was still under the influence of the anesthetic.
8.20 p. m.-Arrived at the Milburn house and put to bed in fair con­
dition. Pulse, 127; temperature, 100.6; respiration, 30. The nurses
on duty were Miss K. R. Simmons and Miss A. D. Barnes, from the
Emergency Hospital.
8.25 p. m.-Morphine sulphate, gm. 0.016, administered hypoder­
mically.
8.30 p. m.-Pulse improved in character; slight nausea:
The :first bulletin issued by the President's physicians, dated at 7
p. m., was as follows:
The President was shot about 4 o'clock; one bullet struck him on the upper por­
tion of the breast bone, glancing and not penetrating; the second ·bullet penetrated
the abdomen 5 inches below the left nipple and 1½ inches to the left of the median
line. The abdomen was opened through the line of the bullet wound. It was found
that the bullet had penetrated the stomach. The opening in the front wall of the
stomach was carefully closed with silk sutures; after which a search was made for a
hole in the back wall of the stomach. This was found, and also closed in the same
way. The further course of the bullet could not be discovered, although careful
search was made. The abdominal wound was closed without drainage. No injury
to the intestines or other abdominal organ was discovered.
The patient stood the operation well. Pulse of good quality, rate of 130. Condi­
tion at the conclusion of the operation was gratifying. The result can not be fore­
told. His condition at present justifies hope of recovery.

8.43 p. m.-Pulse, 132. Rested quietly for eight minutes.
9.15 p. m.-Vomited a small amount of partly digested food and a
small clot of blood. No fecal odor.
9.40 p. m.-Vomited small amount of undigested food.
10.25 p. m.-Pulse, 128; temperature, 100.4; respiration, 24.
10.40 p. m.-The following bulletin was issued:
The President is rallying satisfactorily, and is resting comfortably.
100.4 degrees; pulse, 124; respiration, 24.

Temperature,

10.45 p. m.-Slight discoloration of dressings and occasional twinge
of pain.
11 p. m.-Pulse, 122; temperature, 101; respiration, 24.
11.10 p. m.-Voided urine, 90 c. c.
.
12 midnight.-Pulse, 128; temperature, 101; respiration, 24. Slept
quietly 20 minutes. Saline enema retained.

�5
SECOND DAY-SEPTEMBER 7, 1901.

12.40 a. m.-Passed urine, 60 c. c.
1 a. m.-The following bulletin was issued:
The President is free from pain and resting well.
respiration, 24.

Temperature, 100.2; pulse, 120;

2 a. m.-Pulse, 126. Passed urine, 30 c. c.
3 a. m.-Pulse, 110; temperature, 101.6; respiration, 24. The President continued to rest well.
3.20 a. m.-Passed 15 c. c. urine.
4.10 a. m.-Pulse, 100. Sleeping.
4.55 a. m. - Pulse, 108; temperature, 101.8; respiration, 24. Large
amount of gas expelled.
5.05 a. m.-Pulse, 104. Pain severe on deep inspiration.
5.20 a. m.-Sali.ne enema, 1 pint; retained. Restless.
6 a. m.-The following bulletin was issued:
The President has passed a good night.
tion, 24.

Temperature, 102; pulse, 110; respira-

6.15 a. m.--Morph. sulph., gm. 0.016, administered hypodermically.
6.50 a. m.-Pulse, 125. Passed urine, 60 c. c.
8 a. m.-Pulse, 123; temperature, 102.2; respiration, 24.
The nurses, Mit-Js Simmons and Miss Barnes, returned to the Emer­
gency Hospital, having been relieved by Miss Maud Mohun and Miss
Jane Connolly.
9 a. m.-The following bulletin was issued:
The President passed a fairly comfortable night, and no serious symptoms have
developed. Pulse, H6; temperature, 102; respiration, 24.

Acting Steward P. A. Eliot and Privates Jack Hodgins and Ernest
Vollmeyer, all of the Hospital Corps, United States Army, have been
detailed as orderlies.
12 noon.-Pulse, 136; temperature, 102.2; respiration, 28. Hypodermic of morRb._ sulph. gm. 0.01 administered.
1.15 p. rn.-Salme enema, 500 c. c.
3.30 p. m.-Pulse, 140; temperature, 102.2; respiration, 24.
4.30 p.m.-Pulse, 127. Hypodermic digitalis. Passing much gas
by the mouth.
5.30 p. m.-Pulse, 124. Passed urine, 60 c. c. Sponged with alco­
hol. Sleeping. Passed gas by mouth.
6.30 p. m.-Cornplains of intense pain in pit of stomach. Gave
morp., 0.008 gm., hypodermically. No pain, but restless. Sponged
with alcohol, and rested quietly for half an hour. The following bul­
letin was issued:
There is no change for the worse since last bulletin.
102.6 degrees; respiration, 29.

7.35
7.-:l:0
8.50
9.30

p.
p.
p.
p.

Pulse, 130; temperature,

m.-Pulse, 133. Saline enema, 500 c. c., retained.
m.-Hypodermic digitalis. Passed urine, 45 c. c..
m.--Pulse, 132; temperature, 102.5; respiration, 28.
m.-The following bulletin was issued:

Conditions continue much the same. The President responds well to medication.
Pulse, 132; temperature, 102.5; respiration, 25. All temperatures reported are taken
in the rectum.

10.30 p. m.-Has slept quietly for 15 minutes.
-c. c., with 4 gm. somatose. Rejected 60 c. c.

Saline enema, 500

�6
10.40 p. m.-Gave hypodermic digitalis.
10.55 p. m.-Pulse, 140. Very restless. Gave morph., 0.008 gm.,
hypodermically.
11.15 p. m.-Passed from the bowels 240 c. c. greenish-colored fluid
and two particles of fecal substance. Passed gas by the mouth.
FIRST URINALYSIS.

:~~1t

~~\~~t~~~:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::
~~ber.
Reaction ..... __ . __ ._. ___ ......................... _.. strongly acid.
Urea ....... __ .. _._ ..... __ .......... _...... ___ ._ ..... 0.028 gm. per 1 c. c. of urine.
Albun1in _........... _. _...... __ ..... _...... _.... _...a trace.
Phosphates and chlorides ............ _.. _......... - .. normal.
Sugar._._ ................ _.. _.. _.. _.. _.. _.. _._ .. _... none.
Indican ............. _............. ___ ...... _. _.. _... very small amount.
)IICROSCOPICAL EXAMINATION.

The sediment obtained by centrifuge shows a large amount of large and small
epithelial cells, with some leucocytes and occasional red cells. There is a compara­
tively large number of hyaline casts principally small, with some finely granular
ones; also an occasional fibrinous one. The amount of sediment is large for the
quantity of urine submitted. There were no crystals in the sediment.
!HIRD DAY-SEPTEMBER 8, 1901.

12.30 a. m.-Pulse, 138; temperature, 102.6; respiration, 28. Rest­
less during sleep. LimbR sponged with alcohol. Voided urine, 60 c. c.
Quiet, and slept from 2 to 3 o'clock.
3.20 a. m.-The following bulletin was issued:
The President has passed a fairly good night. Pulse, 122; temperature, 102.4 degrees;
respiration, 24.

3.30 a. 111.-Saline enema, 500 c. c. Somatose, 4 gm.
4 to 4.30 a. m.-Confused and very restless.
5 a. 111.-:Pulse, 120; temperature, 102.2; respiration, 26. Complains
of feeling chilly, but it passed in a moment.
5.35 a. m.-Voided urine, 45 c. c. Restless and talkative from 5 to 6
o'clock.
5.50 a. m.-Expelled a small quantity of brown fluid and gas by
rectum.
6 a. m.-Expelled small quantity of brown fluid. Gas by mouth.
Sleeping.
6.55 a. m.-Hypodermic digitalis. Passed gas ·by mouth.
7.45 a. m.-Pulse, 132; temperature, 102.8: respiration, 24. Hypodermic of strychnine, 0.001 gm.
•
8.20 a. m.-Wound dressed. Urine voided, 90 c. c.
9 a. m.-The following bulletin was issued:
The President passed a good night and his condition this morning is quite encour­
aging. His mind is clear and he is resting well. Wound dressed at 8.30 and found
in a very satisfactory condition. There is no indication of peritonitis. Pulse 132·
temperature, 102.8; respiration, 24.
'
'

9.30 a. m.-Sleeping.
10.15 a. m.-P1;1lse, 1~2. Hypodermic digitalis.
10.25 a. m.-H1gh enema; epsom salts, glycerine, and water.

�7
10.40 a. m.-Small dark-brown fluid stool wit4 gas.
11 a. m.-Voided urine, 90 c. c.
12 noon.-The following bulletin was issued:
The improvement in the President's condition has continued since last bulletin,
Pulse, 128; temperature, 101; respiration, 27.

Hypodermic strychnine. Small dark-brown fluid stool.
12.30 p. m.-Saline enema with somatose; not retained... Alcohol
rub. Sleeping. Dr. Charles McBurney, of New York, JOmed the
surgeons.
3 p. m.-Voided mine, 90 c. c. Pulse, 130; temperature, 101; res
piration, 30.
4 p. m.-The following bulletin was issued:
The President, since the last bulletin, has slept quietly-four ·hours altogether­
since 9 o'clock. His condition is satisfactory to all the physicians present. Pulse,
128; temperature, 101; respiration, 28.

Hypodermic strychnine. Sleeping.
4.45 p. m.-Restless and talkative. Water, 4 c. c., by mouth; first
taken by mouth.
4.55 p. m.-Water, 4 c. c., by mouth.· Enema of sweet oil, soap, and
water. Passed some gas and 270 c. c. slightly colored fluid with a few
particles of fecal substance and a very little mucus.
5.10 p. m.-Water, 4 c. c. Sponged with alcohol. Mouth washed
with peroxide solution.
5.35 p. m.-Water, 8 c. c. Gas passed by mouth.
5.50 p. m.-Gas and water discharged by rectum.
6.10 p. m. - Water, 8 c. c.
6.20 p. m.-Water, 8 c. c. Nutritive enema of egg; whisky, and
water; partly rejected.
7.15 p. m.-Hypodermic digitalis.
7.30 p. m. - Hypodermic strychnine.
7.40 p.m.-Pulse, 130; temperature 101.6; respiration, 28.
8 p. m. - Water discharged from the bowels. Very restless.
8.20 p. m.-Passed a great deal of gas and some fluic;l with particles
of fecal substance.
9 p. m.-The following bulletin was issued:
The President is resting comfortably and there is no special change since last bulletin. Pulse, 130; temperature, 101.6; respiration, 30.

Restless. Voided urine, 45 c. c.
9.45 p. m.-Gas by rectum. Quiet only a few minutes at a time.
10 p. m. - Pulse, 128; respiration, 28.
SECOND URINALYSIS.

Quantity ______________ .. _______________________ . ___ .450 c. c.
Color....... ________ ._. _________ . ___________________ .amber-slightly turbid.
Reac_tion ---.- .. _. ________ . ___ . ______________________ .strongly acid.
Specific gravity _____________________________________ .1.026.
Urea ....................................... _______ ..0.038 gm. per 1 c. c. of urine,
Albumin ......... __ ... __ .......... _.. ___ . __________ .n1ere trace.
Sugar ............ ________ . ______________________ .. _.none.
Indican ........ __ .... ________ ..... _.. _... __________ .abundant.
Sulphates ..... _.. ______________________ ____________ .increased.
Phosphates .......... ________________________________ somewhat increased.
Chlorides ........... ________ ., _______________________ so mew bat increased.

�8
MICROSCOPIOAL EXAMINATION,

Microscopical examination of sediment obtained by centrifuge shows fewer organic
elements. Some large and small epithelial cells and some leucocytes. Casts are not
so abundant as yesterday and are principally of thti small finely granular variety.
There is a marked diminution in small .renal epithelial cells.
Quite a quantity of large crystals of uric acid and bacteria are present.
!FOURTH DAY-SEPTEMBER 9, 1901.

12.01 a. m.-Pvlse, 124; temperature, 101.4; respiration, 28. Gas
by mouth. Sleeping.
1.25 a. m.-Water, 8 c. c. Restless from 1 to 1.30 o'clock.
2 a. m.-Quiet and sleeping. Gas by mouth and by rectum.
2.20 a. m.-Took water, 12 c. c. Voided urine, 120 c. c.
3.15 a. m. -Very restless and mind much disturbed. Codeia phos.
0.015 gm. hypodermically.
3.20 a. m.-Nutritive enema. Sponged legs and arms with alcohol.
4.10 a. m.-Quiet and resting. Pulse, 120; temperature, 101; respi­
ration, 28.
5.15 a. m.-Water, 12 c. c. Expelled small quantity of fluid, freca]
odor, with particles of frecal substances and gas.
6 a. m.-The following bulletin was issued:
The President passed a somewhat restless night, sleeping fairly well. General
condition unchanged. Pulse, 120; temperature, 101 degrees; respiration, 28.

Slept at intervals from 5 to 6 o'clock. Water, 12 c. c.
7.09 a. m.--water, 15 c. c. Gas by rectum. Voided urine, 150 c. c.
Mind clear. 'Feels chilly. Water, 24 c. c.
8 a. m.-,vater, 2± c. c.
9 a. m.-Pulse, 112; temperature, 100.8; respiration, 28. Restless
from 8 to 9 o'clock. Pm,sing gas by mouth and rectum.
9.20 a. m.-The following bulletin was issued:
The President's condition is becoming more and more satisfactory. Untoward
incidents are less likely to occur. Pulse, 112; temperature, 100.8 degrees; respira­
tion, 28.

The following memorandum was issued to the nurses:
Nurses' hours.
Missl\fohun ..... : ........................................ Sa. m. to4p. m.
Miss Connolly ............................................ .4 p. m. to midnight.
Miss McKenzie ............................................ 12 midnight to 8 a. m.
The nurse going off duty must not leave the sick quarters until she has satisfied
her relief that all dressings are prepared and the relief understands the instructions
of the physicians. The instructions wilI he in writing. Nurses on tour duty must
not leave the sick room without proper relief (some one of the staff at the bedside
of the patient), and then only for five minutes, unless relieved by a trained nurse.
MiRs Hunt will be in the house and will be the relief for meals and also the special
nursing of Mrs. McKinley.
Dr. Rixey will write out the instructions of the physicians and be accessible at all
-times. Any change demanded must be reported to him at once.

9.35 a. m.-v\Tater, 30 c. c.
10 a. m.-Calomel, 0.015 gm., dry on the tongue. Nutritive enema
of egg, whisky, and water.
11 a. m.-High enema, olive oil and castor oil.
11.15 a. m.-Calomel, 0.015 gm., dry on the tongue. "\Yater, 30 c. c.
More quiet.

�9
12 noon.-High enema, 2,000 c. c. soap and water with 8 c. c. ox
gall. This was followed by a large, light brown, partly formed stool
with gas.
12.15 p. m.-Calomel, 0.015 gm. Water, 60 c. c. Voided 240 c. c.
urine. Sleeping.
1.15 p. m.-Calomel, 0.015 gm., dry on the tongue. Alcohol rub.
Sleeping.
2.15 p. m.-Calomel, 0.015 gm. Water, 24 c. c. Sleeping.
3 p. m.-The following bulletin was issued:
The President's condition steadily improves and he is comfortablfi, without pain
or unfavorable symptoms. Bowel and kidney functions normally performed. Pulse,
113; temperature, 101; respiration, 26.

Wound dressed.
3.20 p. m.-Calomel, 0.015 gm. Dry on the tongue.
4.20 p. m.-Spit up 15 c. c. greenish bitter fluid.
~.30 p. m.-Voided urine, 120 c. c. Nutritive enema given; part
re1ecte&lt;l_.
5.50 p. m.-Hot water, 16 c. c.
6.15 p. m.-Pulse, 112. Considerable gf!,S by mouth, and feels nau­
seated.
7.10 p. m.-Hot water, 16 c. c. Slept 15 and 20 minutes.
8 p. m.-Slept 20 minutes. Pulse, 112; temperature, 101; respira­
tion, 27.
9.30 p. m.-The following bulletin wa:,; issued:
The President's condition continues favorable.
respiration, 27.

Pulse, 112; temperature, 101;

Voided urine, 180 c. c. Gave codeia, 0. 015 gm.
10 p. m.-Nutritive enema. Complains of feeling full and very
uncomfortable.
11.30 p. m.-1-Iot water, 16 c. c.
TIIIRD URINALYSIS.

Quantity received ..................................540 c. c.
Color ..............................................amber-slightly turbid,
Specific gravity ..................................... 1.026.
Albumin ........................................... a trace.
Indican ............................................ not so abundant as yesterday.
Urea ..............................................0.047 gm. per 1 c. c. of urine.
Chlorides and phosphates ........................... about normal.
Sulphates .......................................... still somewhat high.
Sugar............................... .. ............. none.
MICROSCOPICAL E:X:Al\IINATION.

Microscopical examination of sediment obtained by centrifuge shows a decrease in
the amount of organic elements and an increase of amorphous urates, but fewer crystals
of uric acid. Casts are fewer and only the small granular and large hyaline varieties.
The proportion of large casts is greater. There are very few epithelial cells, mostly
of renal type. A large number of cylindroids are found.
FIFTH DAY-SEPTEMBER 10, 1901.

12.05 a. m.-High enema of soap and water. Expelled part of the
enema with light-brown stained fluid with dissolved fecal sub::;tances.
Slept quietly for 25 minutes.
1.46 a. m.-Uncomfortable; turning frequently.

�1.50 a. m.-Verv quiet and slept 35 minutes.
2.30 a. m.-Pulse, 108; temperature, 100.4; respiration, 26. Voided
urine, 180 c. c. Gave hot water, 2:1: c. c.
3 to 4 a. m.-Sleeping. Hot water, 30 c. c.
4.10 to 5.05 a. m.-Sleeping.
5.20 a. m.-The following bulletin was issued:
The President has passed the most comfortable night since the attempt on his life.
Pulse, ll8; temperature, 100.4; respiration, 28.

Has passed much gas by mouth and rectum.
6 a. m.-Wak:ened and feels very comfortable. Water, 60 c. c.
7.05 a. m.- Nutritive enema. Alcohol rub. All previous temperatures by rectum; all following by mouth unless otherwise noted.
8.40 a. m.-Pulse, 109; temperature, 99.8; ·respiration, 25.
9 a. m. - The following bulletin was issued:
The President's condition this morning is eminently satisfactory to his physicians.
If no complications arise a rapid convalescence may be expected. Pulse, 104; tem­
perature, 99.8; respiration, 26. The temperature is taken by mouth and should be
read about 1 degree higher by rectum.

9.20 a. m. - Water, 60 c. c. Voided urine, 60 c. c. Sleeping·.
10.45 a. m.-Nutritive enema; expelled a portion.
11.40 a. m.-Pulse, 112; temperature, 100.3; respiration, 26. Wate~·,
60 c. c. Complains of some distress in abdomen.
12 noon.-Expelled a quantity of light yellow fluid, fecal odor.
12.30 p. m. - Hypodermic codeia phos., 0.015 gm. Resting more
quietly; sleeping. Voided urine, 150 c. c.
2 p. m. - Lime juice for the mouth. Water, 30 c. c. Oozing visi­
ble on bandage.
2.45 p. m.-Pulsc, 120; temperature, 100; respiration, 28. Gas by
mouth.
3.20 p. m. - The following bulletin was issued:
There is no change since this morning's fayorable bulletin.
ture, 100; respiration, 28.

Pulse, ll0; tempera­

3.35 p. m.-Wound dressed. Water, 24 c. c. Voided urine, 150 c. c.
Sleeping.
4.15 p. m.-Resting. Alcohol rub. Sleeping. Water, 90 c. c.'
6.10 p. m. - Nutritive enema. Slept half an hour and expelled 180
c c. light yellow fluid, fecal odor, with gas.
9.20 p. m.-Pulse, 114; temperature, 100.6; respiration, 28. Some
of the stitches removed from the abdominal wound and dressing done
by Dr. Mann. Much exhausted, tired and very restless.
10.30 p. m.-The following bulletin was issued:
The condition of the President is unchanged in all important particulars. His
temperature is 100.6; pulse, lH; respiration, 28.
When the operation was done ori Friday last it was noted that the bullet had
carried with it a short distance beneath the skin a fragment of the President's coat.
This foreign material was of course removed, but a slight irritation of the tissues
was produced, the evidence of which has appeared only to-night. It has been
necessary on account of this slight disturbance to remove a few stitches and partially
open the skin wound. This incident can not give rise to other complications, but it
is communicated to the public as the surgeons in attendance wish to make their
bulletins entirely frank. In consequence of this separation of the edges of the sur­
face wound, healing of the same will be somewhat delayed. The President is now
:v~ll enough to begin to take nourishment by the mouth in the form of pure beef
JUlCe.

�11
SIXTH DAY-SEPTEMBER 11, 1901.

12.05 a. m.-Beef juice, 4 c. c. First food taken into the stomach
since the operation. Tasted good.
1.15 a. m.-Beef juice, 4 c. c. Water, 90 c. c. Urine voided, 2-:1:0 c. c.
2 a. m.-Starch and laudanum enema followed by nutritive enema.
Alcohol rub.
3 a. m.-Wound dressed by Dr. Rixey. Expelled from rectum 90
c. c. light yellow fluid, fecal odor.
4.50 a. m. - Has slept about 40 minutes. Beef, juice, 4c. c. Water,
90 c. c.
5.15 a. m. -Gas by rectum. Feels chilly. Voided urine, 150 c. c.
6 a. m. - The following bulletin was issued:
The President has passed a very comfortable night.
100.2; respiration, 26.

Pulse, 120; temperature,.

Beef juice, 6 c. c. Sleeping.
7 a. m. - Beef juice, 8 c. c., taken with a relish.
8 a. m.-Beef juice, 8 c. c. Resting comfortably since 12 o'clock.
Sleeping more than usual.
8.30 a. m. - Pulse, 116; temperature, 100.2; respiration, 28. Voided
urine, 180 c. c. Took beef juice, 12 c. c.
9 a. m.-The following bulletin was issued:
The President rested comfortably during the night. Decided benefit has followed
the dressing of the wound made last night. His stomach tolerates the beef juice
well, and it is taken with great satisfactfon. His condition this morning is excellent.
Pulse, 116; temperature, 100.2.

10.10 a. m. - Wound dressed. Remaining stitches removed. Starch
enema followed by nutritive enema. Beef juice by mouth, 12 c. c.
11 a. m.-Water, 120 c. c. Expelled small amount light yellow fluid,
fecal odor. Sleeping.
12 noon. -Sleeping.
12.40 p. m. - Beef juice, 16 c. c. High enema soap and water.
12.50 p. m. - Hypodermic strychnine. Restless.
1.15 p. m.-Albnmin water, 16 •c. c. Alcohol rub. Slept quietly
for 1 hour.
2.15 p. m. - Pulse, 120; temperature, 100.2; respiration, 26. Complains of headache.
2.30 p. m. - Beef juice, 16 c. c. Voided urine, 2±0 c. c.
3 p. m.-Camphor applied to head. Albumin water, 16 c. c.
3.30 p. m.-Wountl dressed by Dr. McBurney. The following bul­
letin was issued:
The President continues to gain and the wound is becoming more healthy. The
nourishment taken into the stomach is being gradually inereased. Pulse, 120; tem­
perature, 100.2.

4 p. 'm.-Beef juice, 16 c. c.
4.50 p. m.-Water, 180 c. c. Voided urine, 120 c. c.
5 p. m.-Starch and laudannm enema.
5.20 p. m.-Nutritive enema of egg, whisky, and water. Sleeping.
6.15 p. m.-Albumin water, 16 c. c.
7.30 p. m.-Slept three-quarters of an hour. Complains of bandage
being too tight.
7.35 p.m.-Beef juice, 16 c. c. Pulse, 120; temperature, 100.4;
respiration, 30.

�12
8 p. m.-Lower strap loosened by Dr. Rixey. Sleeping.
8.45 p. m.-Albumin water, 16 c. c. Rubbed with alcohol. Com­
plains of bandage being uncomfortably tight and it is loosened by Dr.
Rixey. Blood count by Dr. °"Tasdin shows absence of blood poisoning.
9.40 p. m.-Beef juice, 16 c. c. Wound dressed by Dr. McBurney.
10 p. m.-The following· bulletin was issued:
The President's condition continues favorable. Blood count corroborates clinical
evidence of absence of blood poisoning. He is able to take more nourishment and
relishes it. Pulse, 120; temperature, 100.4.

10.40 p. m,-Beef juice, 16 c. c. Changed to fresh bed.
11 p. m. -Starch and laudanum enema.
11.20 p. m.-Nutritive enema of whisky, egg, and water.
11.40 p. m.-Beef juice, 30 c. c. Strychnine hypodermically, 0.002
gm. Pulse, 126; temperature, 100.4; respiration, 32. Sleeping.
12 midnight.-Beef juice, 30 c. c. Voided urine, 240 c. c.
FOURTH URINALYSIS.

Quantity............... _. _... ___ . __ ..... _.. _... __ ... 82 c. c.
Color .. _.. _...... _..................................amber-clear.
Specific 1?ravity .. _............................... ___ .1.027.
Reaction ...... _... __ .......... __ ......... ___ ... _.... strongly acid.
Albumin ....................... _....... __ .. _...... _. a trace.
Indican ........................................ _._ ..abundant.
Urea .. _.................................... _.... __ .. 0.04 gm. per 1 c. c. of urine.
E. phosphates and chlorides.... _____ ................. normal.
Sulphates ........................................... still a little high.
MICROSCOPICAL EXAMINATION.

Microscopical examination of sediment obtained by centrifuge shows a marked
diminution in amount of organic elements, but a great increase in uric-acid crystals.
There are very few epithelial cells-mostly of renal type.
There are fewer casts-small and large hyaline-some finely granular.
Cylindroids are more abundant.'
.
SEVENTH DAY, SEPTEMBER 12, 1901.

1 a. m.-Beef juice, 30 c. c. Very restless. Alcohol rub.
1.45 a. m.-Ras been sleeping. Water, 90 c. c. Complains of pain
in the abdomen.
2 a. m.-Beef juice, 30 c. c. Whisky, 8 c. c. Water, 60 c. c.
3.10 a. n1.-Chicken broth, 60 c. c. Water, 120 c. c.
4 a. m.-Beef juice, 30 c. c. Sleeping.
4.35 a. m.-Water, 16 c. c.
5 a. m.-Pulse, 122; whisky and water; chicken broth. Voided urine,
270 c. c. .
6 a. m.-Beef juice, 30 c. c. Upper part of body quite moist from
5.30 to 6 o'clock. Sleeping.
6.20 a. m.-The following bulletin was issued:
The President has had a comfortable night.

Pulse, 122; temperature, 100.2.

7 a. m.-Whisky and water. Sleeping.
7.35 a. m.-Hypodermic strychnine.
8 a. m. -Voided urine, 150 c. c. Whisky and water. Comfortable
night; sleeping more than usual.
8.30 a. m.-Chicken broth, pieee of toast, and small cup of coffee.

�13
9.15 a. m.-Wound dressed and doing well. Washed with iodine
'Solution and peroxide.
9.20 a. m.-Castor oil, 30 c. c.
9.30 a. m.-The following bulletin was issued:
The President has spent a quiet and restful night and has taken much nourish­
ment. He feels better this morning than at any time. He has taken a little solid
food and Telished it. Pulse, 120; temperature, 100.2 degTees.

10 a. m.-Pu1se, 122; temperature,' 100. 2; respiration, 29. Whisky
and water.
~.30 a. m.-Beef juice, 45 c. c. Slept at intervals. Bathed head
and hands with camphor. Passing· much gas by rectum and mouth.
11.30 a. m.-Pulse, 124. Infusion of digitalis, 8 c. c. Restless and
depressed. Alcohol rub and sponge.
12.05 p. m.-Hypodermic strychnine, 0.002 gm.
Dr. McBurney returned home.
12.30 p. m.-Whisky and water. Chicken broth. Sleeping.
1.15 p. m.-Voided urine, 240 c. c.
1.30 p. m.-Small piece of toast and one soft-boiled egg. Did not
relish it, and ate very little. Quieter and more cheerful since having
last strychnine.
2 p. m.-Pulse, 128; temperature, 100.2; respiration, 28. Water,
90 c. c. Infusion of digitalis, 8 c. c. Skin moist and cold.
2.30 p. m.-Complains of headache and nausea. Whisky and water.
Beef juice, 45 c. c. Drowsy; feels very tired.
3.05 p. m.-Pulse, 134; temperature, rectum, 101; respiration, 32.
Hypodermic strychnine, 0.003 gm. Dr. Stockton called in consultation.
3 p. m.-The following bulletin was issued:
The President's condition is veTy much the same as this morning. His only com­
plaint is of fatigue. He continues to take a sufficient amount of food. Pulse, 126;
temperature, 100.2.

3.30 p. m.-lnfusion digitalis, 15 c. c. Hypodermic codeia phos.
0.015 gm. Water, 150 c. c. Whisky and water. Beef juice, 30 c. c.
Resting and sleeping at intervals.
4.45 p. m.-Pulse, 128; respiration, 28. Mind wandering and restless.
5 p. m.-Infusion digitalis, 15 c. c. Chicken broth, 90 c. c. Skin
moist and cold.
6 p. m.-Pulse, 130; respiration, 31. Sleeps at intervals. Com­
plains of feeling very tired and headache.
6.30 p. m.-Voided urine, 210 c. c. Whisky and water. Sleeping.
7 p. m.-Hypodermic strychnine, 0.003 gm. Calomel, 0.18 gm.
dry on tongue.
7.30 p. m.-Whisky and water. Quiet and sleeping at intervals.
8 p. m.-Pulse, 130; temperature, rectum, 101; respiration, 28.
Wound dressed by Dr. Mann.
8.30 p. m.-Resting very quietly. Upper part of body quite moist;
cold. The following bulletin was issued:
The President's condition this evening is not quite so favorable. His food has not
agreed with him and has been stopped. Excretion has not yet been properly estab­
lished. The kidneys are acting well. His pulse is not satisfactory but has improved
in the last two hours. The wound is doing well. He is resting quietly. Tempera­
ture, 100.2; pulse, 128.

9.30 p. m.-Castor oil, 30 c. c.
9.35 p. m.-High enema, soap and water and ox gall. Water, 120
c. c. A large, dark, semifluid stool. Urine voided, 180 c. c.

�14
10 p. m.-Whisky and water. Hypodermic strychnine, 0.002 gm.
10.30 p. m.-Seems much exhausted after the enema. Whole body
moist and cold. Pulse weak and thready. Slept quietly 20 minutes.
11 p. m.-Whisky and water. Normal salt solution, 420 c. c., sub­
cutaneously.
12 rnidnight.-Whisky and water. Infusion digitalis. Oxygen
inhaled. The following bulletin was issued:
All unfavorable symytoms in the President's condition have irllproved since the
last bulletin. Pulse, 120; temperature, 100.2.
FIFTH URINALYSIS.

Quantity . __ ................... _.... _...... _... _... 132 c. c.
Color .. __ .... _..... __ ..... __ .............. __ ...... light amber, very turbid.
Specific gravity .. _..... _.. _.. _.. ___ ...... _.. __ .. _.. 1.025.
Reaction .. _.... __ .... _... _.... _... _.......... _._ .. acid.
Albumin ..••• ·-················-·-····-·······--··meretrace, if any.
Indican .. _... _. _. __ ... _.. _... _......... ___ ... _....less.
Urea .... _... __ . _.. ___ ......... ___ ....... _. _.. __ .. 0. 044 gm. per 1 c. c. of urine.
Sulphates ___ ... _............... _.. _..... _.. _... _.. about normal.
E. phosphates... _...... _....... _._ ..... _._._ .. ___ .much increased.
Chlorides ... _.. _...... _.... __ ........... __ ... __ ... normal.
MICROSCOPICAL EXAMINATION,

Microscopical examination of sediment obtained by centrifuge shows fewer organic
elements than the last examination. There is less uric acid and a large amount of
amorphous phosphates. Renal casts, about as in the last examination, with very few
cylindroids.
EIGHTH DAY-SEPTEMBER 13, 1901.

12.20 a. m.-Voided urine, 240 c. c. Restless and complains of
headache. Pulse fairly good.
1 a. m.-Pulse, 132. Whisky and water. Perspiring; body warmer.
Very restless and wants to get up; tired.
1.45 a. m.-Hypodermic strychnine, 0.002 gm.
2 a. m.-Whisky and water, camphorated oil hypodermically.
2.15 a. m.-Clam broth, 45 c. c.
2.45 a. m.- Hypodermic camphorated oil.
2.50 a. m.-The following bulletin was issued:
The President's condition is very serious, and gives rise to the gravest apprehen­
sion. His bowels have moved well, but his heart does not respond properly to
stimulation. He is conscious. The skin is warm and the pulse small, regular, easily
compressible, and 126; respiration, 30; temperature, 100.

3 a. m.-Hypodermic of camphorated oil. Whisky and water.
Clam broth.
3.30 a. m.-Quiet. Pulse, 124, volume fair; respiration, 32. Water,
16 c.c. Hypodermic camphorated oil. Condition of skin better.
Sleeping.
4 a. m.-Whisky and water. Essential oil of camphor hypodermically.
4.30 a. m.-Chicken broth, 60 c. c.
5 a. m.-Whie;ky and water.
5._20 a. m.--Pulse, 12~, volume not good. Infusion _digitalis, 15 c. c.
Whisky and water. Mmd clear. Sleeps for 5 to 10 mmutes at a time . .
5.55 a. m.--Hypodermic strychnine, 0.003 gm. Skin slightly better.
6.30 a. m.-Liquid peptonoids; whisky and water.

�15
7 a. m.-Coffee, 45 c. c. Clam broth, 60 c. c.
7.40 a. m.-Pulse, 128; temperature, 100.8; respiration, 32.
8 a. m.-Whisky and water. Passed urine, 270 c. c.
8.30 a. m.-Hypodermic of adrenalin. Chicken broth.
8.45 a. m. - Hypoderrnic camphorated oil.
9 a. m.-Wound dressed with balsam of Peru. Whisky and water.
Liquid peptonoid, 15 c. c. The following bulletin was issued:
The President's condition has somewhat improved during the past few hours.
There is a better response to stimulation. He is conscious and free from pain.
Pulse, 128; temperature, 99.8.
SIXTH URINALYSIS.

Color ___________________________________________ amber-turbid, with phosphates.
QuantityJ _____________________________________ - _252 c.c.
Reaction _________________________________ .. ___ . _acid.
Specific gravity ____________________________ - - - - _l. 023.
Albumin _______________________________________ mere trace, if any.
Urea ___________________________________________ 0.047 gm. per 1 c.c. urine.
Indican ________________________________________ a trace.
E. phosphates ___________________________________ increased.
Chlorides _______________________________________ normal.
Sulphates. _____________________________ . ________ a little high.
MICROSCOPICAL EXAMINATION.

Microscopical examination of sediment obtained by centrifuge before and after clear­
ing shows no change from yesterday's sample. Casts, hyaline and granular, both
large and small, comparatively few. Cylindroids, a few. Crystals, large amount of
uric acid, some sodium urate, and in the untreated specimen a large amount of
amorphous deposit, principally of phosphates. There are a few epithelial cells,
small, granular. Occasional red cells and leucocytes. Spermatozoa.

9.40 a. m.-Hypodermic of strychnine, 0.002 gm. Hypodermic
adrenalin, 1.4 c.c.
10 a. m.-Salt solution subcutaneously. Whisky and water.
10.20 a. rn. - Clam broth, 60 c.c.; refused one-half.
11 a. m.-Whisky and water.
12 noon.-v\'hisky and water. Sleeping at intervals; slept 15
minutes.
12.30 p. m.-Chicken broth, 60 c.c.; took only half of it. The fol­
lowing bulletin was issued:
The President's physicians report that his condition is practically unchanged since
the 9 o'clock bulletin. He is sleeping quietly.

1 p. m.-Whisky and water. Called for bedpan, but bowels did
not move. Quiet and sleeping.
1.45 p. m. - Pulse, 123, not good; temperature, 100.4; respiration,
26. Liquid peptonoids, 15 c. c. A little difficulty for the first time
i.n swallowing. Hypoder)llic strychnine, 0.002 gm. Hypodermic
brandy, 2 c. c.
2 p. m.-Whisky and water.
2.15 p. m.-Clam broth, 30 c. c.; refused more. Wound dressed
and doing well.
. 2. 30 p. m.-Voided urine, 240 c. c. The following bulletin was
issued:
The President has more than held his own since morning, and his condition justi•
fies the expectation of further improvement. Pulse, 123; temperature, 99.4.

Hypodermic of brandy, whisky, and water.

Liquid peptonoids.

�16
3.30 p. m.--Hypodermic brandy. Pulse very weak. Hypodermic
camphorated oil.
4 p. m.-Whisky and water. The following bulletin was isimed:
The President's physicians report that he is only slightly improved since the last
bulletin. The pulse and temperature remain the same as at that hour.

4.30 p. m.-Hypodermic of bra~dy._ Chicken broth~ 60 c. c.
4.36 p. m.-Hypodermic essential ml camphorated.
4.40 p. m.--Hypodermic strychnine, 0.002 gm.
4.55 p. m.-Adrenalin hypodermically. Brandy and water.
5 p. m.-Oxygen. Urinated involuntarily.
5.15 p. m.--The following bulletin was issued:
The President's physicians report that his condition is grave at this hour. He is
suffering from extreme prostration. Oxygen is being giyen. He responds to stimu­
lation but poorly. Pulse, 125; respiration, 40.

6 p. m.-Oxygen continued. Normal salt solution subcutaneously.
Whisky and water. Hypodermic nitroglycerin; hypodermic brandy.
6.15 p. m.-The following bulletin was issued:
The President's physicians report that his condition is most serious in spite of
vigorous stimulation. The depression continues and is profound. Unless it can be
relieved the end is only a question of time.

6.25 p. m.-No response to stimulants. Very restless. Hypodermic
morphia, 0.015 gm., and atropine, 0.00045 gm.
7.40 p. m.-Oxygen continued; almost pulseless. Morphia hypo­
dermically, 0.015 gm.
9 p. m.--Heart sounds very feeble. Oxygen continued. Slight
reflex movements, and at 2.15 a. m., September 14, 1901, the President
died.
In addition to those already mentioned, there were present in the
operating room, emergency hospital, at the time of the operation:
Mr. Simpson, m~dical student, who was at the instrument tray.
Dr. Charles G. Stockton, of Buffalo.
Dr. P. W. Van Paymen, of Buffalo.
Dr. Joseph Fow~er, of Buffalo.
Dr. D. W. Harrmgton.
Dr. W. D. Storer, of Chicago.
Dr. Nelson W. Wilson, sanitary officer of the exposition and in
charge of the hospital until the medical director's arrival. Dr. Wilson
made the report of the operation to the medical director.
P. M. RIXEY,
Medical Inspector, United States Navy.

�17
Five p. m. September 14, 1901, the following bulletin was issued:
The bullet which struck over the breastbone did not pass through the skin, and
did little harm. The other bullet passed through both walls of the stomach near its
lower border. Both holes were found to be perfectly closed by the stitches but the
tissue around each hole had become gangrenous. After passing through the'stomach

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the bullet passed into the back walls of the abdomen, hitting and tearing the upper
end of the kidney. This portion of the bullet track was also gangrenous, the gangrene
involving the pancreas. The bullet has not yet been found. There was no sign of
peritonitis or disease of other organs. The heart walls were very thin. There was
no evidence of any attempt at repair on the part of nature, and death resulted from
the gangrene, which affected the stomach around the bullet wounds as well as the
tissues around the further course of the bullet. Death was unavoidable by any
surgical or medical treatment and was the direct result of the bullet wound.

-2

�18
The physicians and surgeons present at the autopsy and signing the
above 5 o'clock bulletin of September 14 were:
Henry D. Ga_ylord, M. D.
Herman G. Matzinger, M. D.
.
P. M. Rixey, medical inspector, Umted States Navy.
Matthew D. Mann, M. D.
Herman Mynter, M. D.
Roswell Park, M. D.
.
· I S .·
Euo·ene Wasdin surgeon United States Marme-Hosp1ta erv1ce.
,,,
'
'
Charles G. Stockton, M. D.
Edward G. Janeway, M. D.
,v. W. Johnston, M. D.
W. P. Kendall, surgeon, United States Army.
Charles Carey, M. D ..
Edward L. Munson, assistant surgeon, United States Army.
Hermanns L. Baer, M. D.
NOTES ON THE AUTOPSY ON PRESIDENT M'KINLEY, SEPTEMBER
14, 1901.
Ordinary signs of death; ecchimosis in dependent portion_s of the body_. Rigor
mortis well marked. Upon the surface. of the chE;st to t~e nght of the 1;111dsternal
line a spot 1 cm. in diameter, dark red m color, w1t!1 a shg~t scab formation coyer­
ing it; measuring from the supersterna~ notc1!- the distance 1s 5½ cm.; _from _the nght
nipple, 10 cm.; fr?m the _line of _the right mpple, 8¼ ?ID·. Surround1~g ~his sp~t, at
which point there 1s an evident d1solut1on of the contmmty of the skin, 1s a discol­
ored area of oval shape extending upward and to the right. In its greatest length it
is 11 cm. and in its greatest width, 6 cm. It extends upward in the direction of
the right ~houlder. The skin within this area is discolored; greenish yellow and
mottled. The surface of the abdomen is covered with a surgical dressing which
extends down to the umbilicus and upward to just below the nipples. The inner­
most layer of cotton is covered or stained with balsam of Peru and blood. On remov­
ing this dressing a wound is exposed. Inserted in the wound are two layers of gauze,
likewise impregnated with balsam of Peru. The wound has been packed with gauze
saturated with the same substance. The wound is 14½ cm. in length and is open
down to the abdominal muscles. The layer of abdominal fat is 3¾ cm. in thickness.
The appearance of the fat is good, a bright yellow in color. No evidence of necrosis
or sloughing. In the left margin of the surgical wound, lying 1 cm. to the right of a
line drawn from the umbilicus to the left nipple, 15½ cm. from the nipple and 16½
cm. from the umbilicus, is a partly healed indentation of the skin, and an excava­
tion of the fat immediately beneath it. This extends down to the peritoneal surface.
The base of the surgical wound is formed by folds of omentum. On making the
median incision, starting from the supersternal notch and extending to a point just
below the sympbysis, the subcutaneous fat is exposed, which is of bri~ht yellow color
and normal appearance, except in an area which corresponds superficially to the area
of discoloration described as surrounding the wound upon the chest wall. In this
area the fat is of a red color, the connective tissue structure is infiltrated with dark
red pigment. The subcutaneous fat is firm and measures 4¾ cm. in thickness. On
opening the sheath of the right rectus muscle it is seen to be of dark red color. ( Cul­
ture taken from ecchimotic tissue under the upper bullet hole and from between the
folds 9f th~ small intesti°:e·) (T):iree tubes _from each locality on agar and gelatine.)
O~ opemng the abdommal _cavity _the parietal surface of the_peritoneum is exposed
and 1s fo~~d to be covered with a slight amount of bloody flmd; is perfectly smooth
and not ~°:Jected. The great omentum extends downward to a point midway between
the um?1hc_us and the symphy~is. ~tis thick, firm; its inferior border is discolored
by commg m contact with the mtestmes. Below the umbilicus a few folds of intes­
tines are exposed. These are likewise covered with discolored blood after the
removal of w~ich the peritoneal surface is found to be shiny. On the i~ner aspect
of t):ie abdommal wound the _omentum is found to be slightly adherent to the parietal
peritoneum, and can_ be r_ead1ly separated with the hand from the edge of the wound.
~ Culture takE;n _at this porn~, the s~rface of the wound.) At this point the omentum
is somewhat miected. This adhes10n to the omentum is found to extend entirely

�19
around the abdomi_nal wound.. The perit?neum immediately adjacent to the inner
aspect of the ahdommal wound 1s ecchymotic. In the omentum immediately beneath
the abdominal wound is an incision, 5 cm. from the medial line and extendmg down­
ward from the margin of the ribs 8 cm. On removing the subcutaneous fat and
muscles from the thoracic wall, the point which marks the dissolution continuity of
the skin upon the surface is found to lie directly over the margin of the sternum and
to the ri~ht side betw~en the second and third ribs. There is no evidence of ecchy­
mosis or mjury to the tissues or muscles beneath the subcutaneous fat. On makino- an
incision through the subcutaneous fat directly through the wound upon the surface
a small cavity is exl?osed about the size of a pea just beneath the skin, which is filled
with fluid blood. (A section of tissue, including the lower half of the wound and
extending through the subcutaneous fat, is taken for examination. The upper por­
tion of the wom1d is removed for chemical examination.) The subcutaneous tissue
underlying the area of discoloration on the surface of the chest wall showshemorrhao-ic
"'
infiltration.
On removing the sternum the lungs do not extend far forward. A large amount
of pericardia! fat is exposed. Pleural surface on both sides is smooth. There are no
adhesions on either side within the pleural cavities. The diaphragm on the right
side extends upward to a point opposite the third rib in the mammary line. No per­
ceptible amount of fluid in either pleural cavity. On opening the pericardial cavity
the surface of the pericardium is found to be smooth and pale. The pericardium con­
tains approximateiy 6 c. c. of straw-colored, slightly turbid fluid. (Some taken for
examination.)
On exposing the heart it is found covered with a well-developed paniculus. The
heart measures from the base to tlie apex on the superficial aspect 10½ cm. The right
ventricle is apparently empty. The heart feels soft and flaccid. On opening the left
ventricle a small amount of dark red blood is found. The muscle of the left ven­
tricular wall is l½ cm. in thickness; dark reddish brown in color; presents a shiny
surface. The average thickness of the pericardial fat is 3½ mm. (Blood taken from
the auricle for examination.) The left auricle contains but a small amount of dark,
currant-colored blood. The mitral valve admits three fingers. The right ventricle,
when incised in the anterior line, is found to be extremely soft; the muscular struc­
ture is 2 mm. in thickness. The paniculus measures 7 mm. The muscle is dark
red in color; very shiny.
On opening the right auricle it is found to be filled and distended by a large cur­
rant-colored clot which extends into the vessels. The tricuspid orifice admits
readily three fingers. The coronary arteries were patulous and soft; no evidence of
thickening.
On unfolding the folds of intestine there is no evidence of adhesion until a point
just beneath the meso-colon is reached, when, on removing a fold of small intestine
a few spoonfuls of greenish gray thick fluid flows into the peritoneal cavity. On the
anterior gastric wall is an area.to which a fold of the omentum is lightly adherent.
On breaking the adhesion there is found a wound about midway between the gastric
orifices, 3½ cm. in length, parallel with the greater curvature of the stomach, l½ cm.
from the line of omental attachment. This wound is held intact by silk sutures.
The cardiac end of the stomach is free. There is no evidence of adhesion at any
other point on the anterior wall. The gastric wall surrounding the wound just men­
tioned, for a distance of 2 or 3 cm., is discolored, dark greenish gray in appear­
ance, and easily torn. On exposing the posterior wall of the stomach from above
along the greater curvature of the stomach the omentum is found to be sligh_tly
adherent, a line of silk ligatures along the greater curvature of the stomach markmg
the site where the omentum ha&lt;l been removed. On throwing the omentum down­
'w_ard the posterior gastric wall is exposed. On the postei:ior wall of the sto1;1ach, a
distance of 2 cm. from the line of omental attachment, 1s a wound approxunately
2 cm. in length, held intact by silk sutures. The gastric wall surrounding this wound
is discolored. On the surface of the meso-colon, which is posterior to the gastric
w:all at this point, is a corresponding area of discoloration, the portion coming
directly in contact with the wound in the gastric wall being of dull gray color. '.}'he
remainder of the surface of the posterior wall of the stomach is smooth and s_hmy.
Beyond the surgical wound in the posterior wall of the stomach is found an open~ng m
t1:e retro-peritoneal fat large enough to admit two fingers. This opening commumcates
with a tract which extends downward and backward as far as the finger can reach.
The tissues surrounding this tract are necrotic. On removing th~ descending port\on
of the c?lon a large irregular cavity is exposed, the walls of wbic~ ar~ covered with
gray, shmy material and in which are found fragments of necrotic tissues. Just at
the superior margin 'of the kidney is located a definite opening which forms the b?t­
tom of the tract traced from the stomach. On stripping the left kidney f:om its
capsule, it is found that the superior portion of the capsule is continuous with the

�20
caYity. Tlw wl'ight of till' ll'ft kidney is 5 (!Z, 1 gr. ThE_J kidney is readil:y stripped
from it. mp,ull•; i~ clark n•d; the ~tdlate. \'ems are pronune~t; and along its g'.eater
1·un·aturP un• n11111l•rou~ dark n•d ch•presHIOll~. On the superior as.l?ect _of the k1d~ey
is II protru.fon of tlw 1'ort1•.·, dark-r •d in eo!or, and in this pr~trus1on is 3: laceration
:! 1·111. in h·n){th, c· ·tpnclinl,! n1•ro,~ the ~upenor border approx1m~te]y_ at nght ~ngles
to till' 1wriplwry of th1• kid1wy an,! _frOB) l!efor~ backward. On 111c1sm~ the kidney,
till' 1·1,rt1•.· and 1111•d11lla an• not pas1ly d1stingu1shable from one anothe1; both are of
1·0H•-1nl l'olor, th1• l'Or!!•x 1111•asuring approxi111ately 6 mm. in thickness.. The v_es els
in the· pyralllicb of Farrip111 arc ,pry pron1inrnt_. ~eneath _the protrudmg portion ?f
tin·. mfttc'l' thP l'nrll·.· is dark r('c! in eolor. Tins &lt;l1Hcoloration extends downward 1n
pynuuidal form into th1· 11H••l11lla. Thi· laceration of the surface marks th_e apex of
till' prntn1,ion of till' kid1ll'y Hub,tanc •. BPtween the spleen and the superior asl?ect
of tin· kidm•,· is a m•1·rotil' tral'I "hid1 cxtrnds down and backward and ends ma
hi ind p 1'k1•i. Thi· tral'l, ,1 hiC'l1 inducll•s tlw superior aspect of the kidney, can be
tr u·1·d into th&lt;• pl'l'i111•phriti&lt;' fat to a point justabo\'e the Rurface of the _muscles of the
haPk. 1'h1• m·c·rnli1· c·a1·it r, ,1 hil-h 1·011n1•ets th• wouncl on the posterior wall of the
~t11m1u·h 1111d till' op1•11i11g ·,uljal'1•11t to thr kidn1•y capsule, is walled off by the mes&lt;?1·01011 an,I is found to irl\·oln· a &lt;·onsill1•rable arra of the pancreas. A careful exallll­
nation nf thl· !rad 11',Uling clm1 n tmrnl'(l the do~al muR&lt;•les fails to reveal the presence
of nny fon•i).{11 hody. .\fll•r passi11J! into tit&lt;' fat the direct character of the tract
t•pa,,·, nnd its ,lin•dion can ht· tral·ccl no farther. The adjoining fat and the muscles
of thl' h,wk w1·n· &lt;'an•fully palpatl'cl an&lt;l int'ised without ,li~do,ing a wound or the
pn•s1•11c·l· of a fon•ign hoc!~. Tlw cliaphragm waH carefully dissecte&lt;l away and the
po,tPrior portion of tlH' tlwra&lt;'i('\rnll likrwise ('arefnlly examined. All fat and organs
whi&lt;'h ,n•n· rPnlml'cl, indudinJ! th&lt;' intestine~, w •te likewiHe examined and palpated
without r1--11lt.
TIH· ){n•at ai1w11nt of fat in th1· abdominal caYity and surrounding the kidney ren­
ch•n·•I the ,l•Ur&lt;·h p.-tn•mc-1\' cliflic-11lt.
Th!' lin·r is ,lurk ml in app1•aranc1·, the )!all hlaclder distended. The organ was
•
not n•m111·1·,I.
TIH• right kidm•y is !'lllhl•cJdpcJ in n dense maHH of fat; capsule strips freely; it
,,·.,igh, :-, oull&lt;'l'"i 1111•a•nn•H 1H i·n1.; HllhHtanee iH Hoft; cortex is 6 mm. in thickness.
TIH•r&lt;' an• a f1•,1 cl1•prl'ssionH of tlw ,urfa&lt;' •, and the Htellate yeins are prominent.
Thi• panc-r1·a• 111 11, 1•p11(l-r formH part of tlw n&lt;•crotil' cavity. Through its body are
fnnnd n111111'ro11, 111inntl' h1•morrhag1•H am! arras of gray ~oftening, the size of a pea
and snutlh•r, Thl'sl' an' I(,,, fr ·qlll'lll in tlw head portion of the pancreas.
Thi· 1·a11,l'. of d1•at!1 haY\ng h1·t•n 1•stahliHht•cl ancl the autopsy having laRted nearly
fonr hour,, 1t wa, 1ltsc'Ol1(111np1l, as a further Hearch for the bullet could serve no use­
ful Jllll'fllN'.
'I hc•rp iH no l'I i,k-rn·,· of 11rga11i1· cli&lt;-l'aH' in any organ examined.

ln_ rpg-arcl to th&lt;' &lt;"h&lt;'mi('a[ nnd hacteriological report, I have just
n•1·P_1YPd, undPr datl' of ~qit mli('r :cl+, from Dr. Metzinger, the fol­
io\\ 111g-:
Tlwn· ,1us no had1•rial or !'111•n1i1·al son1Tc of poison found on either cartridge or
\\l'IIJ&gt;&lt;&gt;II.
F:111u tll&lt;'. 011tn ,1011ml thl'n' ,111~ obtainr,I a ga.9 bacillus with the ordinary pyo­
j.?t•11 w orJ.!a.111 .. 111, hut no &gt;ilrt pltH·rw, ,,x.
Thi· "1H•miml ... ·11111i111ttio11 or the 1wcrotic ra\'itv 1-1howed that the material was
nlkah111• an,! "" fn·1· hy,Jr,,..hloric a&lt;'i&lt;I; miC'ro~copiC'ally i&lt;howed only ti~sue material
that ,1 a, disorganized an,! nnn•c·ognizahl •.
ThP r1•st.of _lhl' work a, it rl'latr~ t_o thl' a11topRy is 1-1till in an incomplete condition,
nncl th1•n· 1 ht tit· prosp ·1•( of nrnnng at any defi111t reHults within the very near
fntnn•.

1)l Dr. :\latzingrr':-- rPport :submitted later he ,-ayt:i the clinical exami­
n'.tt1011 of th_P rmpt.~· shPl~s and C'artriclge.' w re ·negatiYe, and closes
ht rrport with tlw lollow111g paragraph:
Tl11• al, &lt;'ti&lt;'&lt;' of kr_Hrn n pathoJ.!&lt;·ni!' hac•teria, particularly in the necrotic cavity
" ·arrant,_t !H' 1·1111rlu-.1on that ha&lt;'lerial inf ,ction was not a factor in the production of
th •·•JJH!tlton~ fonn&lt;l at th a11topsy .

.\ N,p,v c?f Dr. Oa:, l'.Jl'(l's :·eport_. receiYed hy me on October 16, gives
tlw followlllg- anatom1ntl chagno. 1s:
-· ( •11 : 1~.'":t. \\:on_n•'. oi hot!• W/llb of the Rtomach and the snperior aRpect of the left
k1&lt;lm), c · l&lt; 11 -11 c n &lt;·r, ,1, ot the Huh,-.tance of the pancrea ; necrosis of the ga tric

�21
wall in the neighborhood of both wounds; fatty degeneration, infiltration, and brown
atrophy of the heart muscle; slight cloucly swelling of the epithelium of the kidneys.
The piece of retro-peritoneal fat, where it forms part of the necrotic cavity, is seen
on Fection to be covered with a thick gray deposit, 11·hich has an average thickness
of from 4 to 6 mm. Beneath this, and ~eparating it from the fat, is a well-defined
area of hemorrhage from 1 to 2 mm. in thickness. The appearance of this piece of
tiRsue is characteristic of the fat tissue surrounding the entire cavity. A section,
made perpendicular to the surface and stained with hrematoxylin-eosin, shows the
following characteristics: Under low power, there is no evidence of round-celled
infiltration between the fat cells or of fat necroses. The urface of the tiesue
which, in the microscopic specimen was covered by a layer of grayish material,
pro,·e~, under low power, to consist of a partly organized fibrinous deposit. At the
base of this depo8it is evidence of an exten~ive hemorrhage, marked by cleposits of
pigment. The surface of the membrane is of rouii:h and irregular appearance and
contains a large number of round cells with deeply stained nuclei. Under high power
the organization of the membrnne ma,v be traced from the base toward the surface.
The portion immediately adjaC'ent to the fat tissue consists of a network of fibrin
indosing large numbers of partly preserved red blood corpuscles. In many areas
the red blood corpuscles are broken clown and extensive deposits of pigment are
found. Extending into the fibrin Rtructure of the membrane are numerous typical
fibroblasts and round C'ells. In some reii:ions pigment is evidently deposited in the
bodies of large branching and spindle cells. Here and there included in the mem­
brane are the remains of fat cells, and toward the surface of the membrane a large
number of round cells, scattered through the interstices of the membrane. There
are but few polymorph nuclear leucocytes. Here and there in the membrane are
fragments of isolated fibrous connecti \'e tis8ue, with irregular contours and an appear­
ance suggesting that they are fragment~ of ti~sue which have been displaced by vio­
lence and included in the fibrin deposit. The fibrin in the superficial layers of the
membrane is formed in hyaline clumps. The organization along the base of the
depoRit is comparatively uniform.
Rections stained with methylene blue, carbo-thionin, and Gram's method, were
carefully examined for the presence of bacteria, with negative results. Even upon
the surface of the membrane there are no evidences of bacteria.
The Fection of the left kidney, including the triangular area of hemorrhage described
in the macroscopic specimen, reveals the following appearances: (Section hardened
in formalin with hrcmatoxylin-eosin.) Examined macroscopically section repre­
sents a portion of kidney cortex made perpendicular to the surface of the cortex and
ineluding an area of hemorrhage into the subRtance of the cortex 1 cm. in length,
meaRured from the capsular surface downward, and presenting a width of from 5 to
6 mm. The capsular surface has evidently been torn.
Under low power the margins of the preparations are found to consist of well­
preRerved kidney structure. There is a slight amount of thickening of the interstitial
tissue and occaHional groups of tubules are affected hy beginning cloudy swelling.
The glomeruli are large and present a perfectly normal appearance. As we approach
toward the center of the preparation occasional glomeruli are met with in which
capillar,v loops are engorged, and the adjacent tubuleR contain red corpuscles. A
short distance farther the kidney strueture becomes entirely necrotic. Here and
there the remains of tubules may be made out, and these are infiltrated with cells.
The necrotic area pre~ent~ a rough, net-like structure. As we approach toward the
surface of the kidney we find that the necrosis becomes more marked. There is the
merest Ruii:gestion of kidney structure, its place being taken by diRintegrated red blood
cells and leucocytes em bedded in a well-defined fibrinous network. There is great
di~tortion of the kidney structure about the periphery of the necrotic area. In this
region a conRiderable amount of pigment is also found in the necrotic tissues.
Under high power the characteristics of the necrotic tissues may be better obsen-ed.
The kidney structure is broken up and tom into irregular fragments, infiltrated by
red blood corpuscles and leucocytes. In the portion of the necrotic mass beneath
the &lt;·apRule the kidney structure is practically obliterated and is replaced by a net­
work of fibrin which includes large numbers of red blood cells and leucocytes. Scat­
tered through the entire necrotic area are frequent depoRitsof pigment. In the deeper
portions of the necrotic area the margins of the fibrin depoRit are ill\·aded by fibro­
blaRts from the connective tissue structure of the kidney. The organizations in these
areas is, however, slight.
Rections stained with methylene blue and Gram's method and carefully examined
under oil immersion fail to reveal the preRence of any organisms. In preparations
Etained with methylene blue the depoRits of piii:ment may be readily obsen·ed. Sec­
tion of the same tissue hardened in Hermann's ~olution and examined for fat shows

�th,· pn - n,· nf nunwrnu- fat ,lmplct, "ithin th('. epitl!elium of th(: tuhule~ ":hieh
nn• 11,ljn,·Pnt to thP an nf n,• ro-1•. In thP portion~ ol the preparation more ,v11lely
,li•t rnt iro111 the urPa of 11,wro-i- 1111 int ii prl"sn1t.
·, ction of th&lt;' 1i •ht ki&lt;lnl'y h 1r,le11cd in forrnulin arnl stai1w&lt;l with lHl'lll!ltoxvlin­
l'&lt;&gt;•in, n•,·,·.ll tl11• pr, , llt'I' or'nn•: in I hi&lt;-h sli!{ht paren&lt;'hrmatous &lt;ki;wneration of
th,· l'pitlll'li11111 in tlw urinif, rou tnl,1111' 111ay lie notP&lt;L. Thes_e_area~ are n_ot e~teni\'t•, u111l nn· .... ntim•&lt;l to in •le group• of tubules. Tile mtersht111J _eonnt'&lt;:h\'e t~•9ue
of till' or •an e1•111" to lie li~htly i11..r1· 1s •&lt;I in unwunt, hut th\•re •~ no well-d~fm~d
r1111111l-1· 11,!&lt;I intiltration. .\11 1H•,11-io11al hniline i,:lom('l'lllus •~ to be met with m
tht e ,-:1,,._ •urro1111,h•d lJ\ inn.--:~-, cl 1·1111iwl"tiYe tissm·. The epithelium of the
kitln,·y t111ti'11,.., u,itle fru111 "tho•• in whi!'l1 th&lt;' purl'll('hymatouH ,h-gPneration is pres­
ent, is ".-,11 pn Pr\'l~I. Th,• mll'h•i nn• ",·II :--tain,•d,_ prolol,'lasm fi_nely granular•.
\ frn •1111•11! of thP t&lt;,111:1,·h \\!Ill tak •n from the 11n1111•&lt;lmte 11e1ghl&gt;orhoo&lt;l ol the
nnt, rior w1111111l, i• in 11 ,·11111\ition 11f 1•0111pl\'le IH·!'rosi~. The nuclei of the c lls are
~m·l"h· 1l1•1111111,trahl1·. '!'he Ppitllt'lial surfu,·c is reeognizt&gt;&lt;l with &lt;lifficulty. At
it hu•,: an• 11ppun·11tly u f,•" ruun,t n·I!,. E.·uminntion of the bloo,l :essels re,·E:als
nnthin!-( ,·haradvri,ti,·. Th,•r • i apparent!\· 1111 (•Yi&lt;lcn('e of thrombo~1~. A section
mad1• through th1· ~a-tri, ,11111 at •01111• d[~tanel' from tlH' womHl re\'eals the well­
pr,·•c•rvt'&lt;I 11111•,·nlar ,trn, turr nf tilt' g11•t1fr wull, whic-h pre~ents no characteri~tic
nlt&lt;'rnli1111s. .'11p1•rti,•iul portion ol thl' 1•pitllt'li11111 lul\'e apparently heen affected by
po~t-11111rlt-111 diK&lt;'•tiun. llow,•,·1•r, in onp portion of the /,reparation the epithelium
1 intu.-t 1111,\ ~how t!i,tind &lt;'Yid1•111•p of marked rouml-!'e led infiltration between the
gn11111\ar tnH·turP~. Tia· blood \'l'""'' 1·011tai11 re&lt;\ hloml corpuAcles with the usual
n11111h1•r of lt•11&lt;·01·vt1•s.
Tl11• fnign1Pnt ;,r lu•art 11111'&lt;·!1• whi ..h ,1·pn• n.•111ov&lt;•1I from the right and left Yen­
tri,•nlar \\Ill! w1•n· &lt;'.·aminl'd in th1• fn h state an,l exhihite,l a well-defined fatty
cl&lt;'g&lt;•nl'mtion of th1• 11111,dl' filn•r., 1rn,t in thP 1·1L•(' of till' right \'entricular wall an
1•.·tpn i\&lt;' intiltration h1•tw1•1•11 th• rnus.-1&lt;• fih1•r. of fat wa- apparent. Sections from
lht'-t' fmg111&lt;•11t,. of 11111•1·!1· har,h·11 •cl in l ft•nii:mn'H ~olution are' taken for examination.
,\ fn1g1111•nl of mu. &lt;"11· fro111 tl11• right wntricular wall was remo,·ecl at a point where
t Ju· fat J&gt;l'lll'l rati•,I dt·Pply into t lw 11111~1·11lar ~tnwture, the \'entricular wall at this point
i;huwing 1111 J\\'l'l111-(I' thi,·knl'-' of 2~ 111illi111l'tt-1-,.:. Uml r low power the mu&amp;cle fibers
an• 1•p11mt,·cl into h111111l hy 1111\J 'l'"' 11111I rom; of deeply i-tained fat cells. The muscle
filll•rs un· •&lt;·&lt;'ll to ,·ontain J!rt&gt;llp of dark-brown granule,; lying in the long axes of the
t·Plli-. 1·111l1•r hil!h powt•r tlw ,. 11r • rt,oh·c•&lt;l into extensi\'e groups of dark-brown
1ig1111•11t armngl•I aro11111l tlw 1111l'lc•i. The mustle fil&gt;erH are slender; the cross and
011~it111li1111l ,tri11tion iH \H•ll &lt;lt'fi1lt'd. !·:.-amine,\ near the margin of the preparation,
wh,·n• t ht• o. mi,· 11..id ti.·ation has 1&gt;1•1•11 &gt;ll("('C',..,.fnl, all of the mu~cle fibers are found to
,•ontnin 111in111(• hlnl'k i-ph1•ri,·nl hotli(•s Pxtending &lt;liffnsely throug:h all the mu8cle
filwr,.. 1il1011t thP t•ntin· 111argi11 of th1• pn·paration. The'. e fine fat droplets are present
in •11fli1·i1•11t 1111101111( to •pmk of 1111 1•.•1(•11,..ivc cliffn~e fatty degeneration of the muscle
lih1•1"&gt;'. \\'h,·n· thP lnr)!'t' fat 1·1•1ls ha\'l' s1•paratl'1l the mu~cle fiber~ the&amp;e are fow1d
to},"' 111on• 11_tro1!hil' t(1an tl111s&lt;: in tlw eP11tral portion~ of the larger'bundles.
l h,• 1•.·11111111t1t1011 o! tht• sprt10n through the healed bullet won11&lt;l on the chest wall
r!'H!n(, nothing of i11q.'ort:\1H·1•. Thi• cli;-sol_ntion of continnity iR filled in by granula­
tum t1 ~11,•, 111Hl thP1v 1• • n1IP111·1· ol ln•gmnmg re~toration of the epithelium from the
111111')!in . ~lain• for lnu·t,·ria gin• 111•gatin• r('snlts.
l 1! 11111111i11g np the• 11,ia.-ro,...~1pi.- 1111.'l _111i~•ros1·opic findingR of the autopsy, the fol­
io\\ 111 • 111ay hl· •llJtt•l: ~lu• or1g111al 1niur1c,.. to the FtomaC'h wall had been repaired
hy ,ntnr •, 111~,t th!• r,·pa1r
•111, to ha\'l' b(•en effectiYe. The ~titches were in place
a111I th1• 01 •nm1,,"' 111 t)11• •tm11a!'l1 ,111\I 1•ff1·.-tually doEed . Firm adhesions were formed
both upon th· a11t1•r111r and po•t.-nor wall~ of the stomach whieh reenforced these
,utnn • Tl!,1 11,•ertM' ~11~r11 111uling th( wound~ in tlw ~to;11arh do not seem to be
tht· r~ nit ."t a!'Y "'")l-,IPl1111·d 1·:111"'· It i~ highly probable t hat they were practi­
n_ilh·_ tPr11111111I '!' tlw1r 1111!11n• 111111 t!rnt tht• ,·ondition rle\'eloped as a result of lowered
v1tui1t~·. ln tl11s ,·,111111•1·t11m tlll'rt' 1• 11111•1·i&lt;lt•m·e to inditate t hat the removal of the
011H•11!11111 f_ron&gt; tlH· grt•at,·r 1·11n·at11n• and the ('}oHe proximiw of both of theQe wounds
to tl11- !"•\Ill ha,\ 1111r l'ffPct in hrin)!ini,: about the necrosis of the ga~tric wall,
11_ltl11111)!h ,·m·nlatory 1h•t11rha111·1" 11,a} han• heen a factor. The fact that the necrotic
II -nr. hail ru,t IH•&lt;•n 11ffed1•d hy digestion stronglv indicate~ that the neerosis was
c!Pwlopcd lint 111 rtl;· b fnn• 1li~1th. The• exmvatfon in the fat behind the stomach
1111r-t 111.'. lUl')!t'I} 11ltnbut &lt;I to till' a1'11011 of the mis~ile.
Thi~ may have been the
n 1lt ol 11'.,n"m'.I r:,rnt\on nf a n,·arly_ sp&lt;•nt _ball or the re~ult of Rimple concussion
f~o1,1 tl~r. l~tll j1•~ ng into a nm" ot ;oft tl~sueF. , uch effects are not unknown.
J h•: fu, t t~ 1'. 1. t '. 11;1II i;rmm\ th,• •upcr111~ a".pett of the left kidney, as shown by the
nuu
• ·1 e, w 11·1c•h
• ro1 cop11
•
1·m,, t1· t11,.'IIU011
I ~ • off that
• ori..•1rn • mclwates• the (li"rect,·on of th e m1F~1
I
f 111 11 111 ' rom t le 111 l'Tlor IHmlt-r of the stomach to the tract in the fat inune-

I

!

�diately superior to the kiclm·). Tht·tt• ,1 a, 1w l•vicl •nt·c thut the ]Pit aclrcn 1I glaud
was injured.
.
. .
.
.
The injury to th J(ancn•as mu~t ht• al\nhutt•d _to 1_rul1_r1•1·t rnth!•r ~han ,ltn· ·t ac-t10n
of the missile. The fart that the wall ot tht• t':l\"tl} 1&lt; l111e,l hy J1hr111, Wt'll aclrnne•cl
in organization, indicate, that tlw injury to th' ti,-.m•. ,111s pmdm·ed 111 the time of
the shooting. The abi-enee of badcria from the ti. --ues indil'alP&lt; tl111t the wound wa.,
not infected at the time of thl' &gt;'hooting ancl that tht• t'lo,ur of the po•tl•rior ga,tric
wound was effectual. The n ·ro,i~ of tlw pancn•as s •em, to u. of great importance.
The fact that there wa no fat neero,e:-, in then •ighhorhornl of thi~ organ indit-at
that there was no leakage of panereatic fiuid into the Htrrouncling ti sue&gt;'. It is po sible that there wa a leakage of panncatit· fluid into the ea,·itv hC'hind th stomach,
as the contents of this c·a,·ity eonsi,tt•cl of a thick, grayish flui,l containing fragment
of connective ti~'ue. In 'this ease the wall of fibrin would haYe been ~uflkient to
prerent the pancreatic fluid from coming into tontaet with th adjacent fat. The
extensfre necrosis of the pancr as would s em to be an important factor in the cau~e
of death, although it has ne\'er been &lt;lefinitely shown how much de~truction of this
organ is necessary to produee death. There are experiments upon animal upon
record in which the animal,; seem to have di d a a re ult of not ven• exten ive
lesions of this organ. One experiment of this nature, reported by Flexnor, Journal
of Experimental )Iedicine, Yolume II, is of intere t. The fact that concussionR and
~lig?t injuries of the pancreas may be a factor in the deyelopment of necrosis is
md1cated by the researches of Chiari, Zeit chrift ftir Heilkunde, Volume XYII, 1896,
and Prager medicinische Wochenschrift, 1900, Xo. H, who has obsen-ed (although a
comparatively rare condition) extensi\'e areas of softening and necrosis of the pan­
creas, especially of the posterior central portion, which lie directly O\'er the bodies
of t~e vertebr~, where the organ is mo t exposed to pres ure or the effects of con­
c1;1ss10!1· The wound in the kidney is of slight importance except as indicating the
dire~ti&lt;;m taken by the mis ile. The change in the heart, as shown by the macro­
scopic mspection and the microscopic examination, indicate that the condition of this
organ was an important factor. The extensive brown atrophy and diffuse fatty
degeJ?,eration of the muscle, but especially the extent to which the pericardia! fat
had i!1vaded the atrophic muscle fibers of the right ventricular wall, sufficiently
€xplam the rapid pulse and lack of response of this organ to stimulation during life.

The cause of death of the President has been made plain by the
autopsy. It was due primarily to a gunshot wound by a .32-caliber
bullet fired at close range, devitalizing the tissues immediately sur­
rounding its tract, so that gangrene of those parts injured, inrnlving
the stomach, pancreas, kidney, and other tissues, followed. The toxic
products from these devitalized tissue1, were absorbed, and with the
degenerated condition of the muscular tissue of the heart caused death,
the final symptom1, being those of exhaustion.
REPORT O~' DEATII.

:Kame of deceased: McKinley, "William.
Office: President of the United States.
D!Lte of death: September 14, 1901.
Time of death: 2.15 a. m.
Place of death: 1168 Delaware avenue, Buffalo, N. Y.
Date of burial: September 19, 1901.
Place of burial: Canton, Ohio.
Cause of death: Gangrene of both walls of stomach and pancreas following gunshot
wound.
I_ hereby certify that McKinley, William, Preside1;1-t of the United States, died
.
while at Buffalo, N. Y., as set forth in the record of his case, as follows:
ThE:; President was holding a public reception at the Academy of ~1usic, P:in­
American Exposition, Buffalo, N. Y., on September 6, 1901, and wlulst shakmg
hands with the people was shot at 4.07 p. m. through the stomach by Leon F. Czol­
gosz.
There is good evidence that the disease (or injury) causing deat1:1 was. in line_ of
9-uty, the facts being as follows: The President was shot by an assassm whilst rece1v­
mg the people.
P. M . RrxEY,

:Medical Inspector, United States Navy.

�24
I must mention here the giving up by Mr. John G. Milburn of hi
entire home in Buffalo and the devoting of his whole time and energy
to the care of the President.
In concluding· this report I must also refer to the untiring and devoted
services of Mr. George B. Cortelyou, secretary to the President, who,
with Mr. Nelson P. Webster, Mr. M. C. Latta, members of the Execu­
tive staff, and Mr. C. A. Conrad, of the Post-Office Department, were
on duty night and day. Executive Mansion Steward "William Sinclair
and Messengers Charles Tharin, Thomas Lightfoot, and Harry Mickie
were also on duty at the Milburn house during- 1lhe President's illness.
In obedience to the Department's orders, I was with the President's
party at Buffalo, N. Y., on September 6. Upon arrival at the rail­
road station on its return from Niagara Falls, about 3.30 p. m., the
President directed me to escort Mrs. McKinley to the Milburn house.
As soon as I learned of the attempt on the President's life I hastened
to his side at the emergency hospital on the Exposition grounds and
was in the operating room with him at about 5.30 p. m. The Presi­
dent was under the influence of the anesthetic administered by Dr.
Eugene Wasdin, of the United States Marine-Hospital Service. Dr.
M. D. Mann, with a full corps of assistants, was ready to begin a laparotomy, which all deemed imperative.
.
Being satisfied with the completeness of the preparation and the
ability of the operating surgeon, I made ready to assist and wakhed
every step of the operation. The wounds having been closed, and the
President's condition being good, I requested Dr. Roswell Park, the
medical director of the Pan-American Exposition, to send nurses and
a surgical bed to the Milburn house and to take personal charge of
the removal of the President, as I had to inform Mrs. McKinley of
her husband's condition and make ready a room for his reception.
On his arrival I assumed charge of the case, having as consultants
Dr. :i\1. D. Mann, of Buffalo, N. Y.; Dr. Roswell Park, of Buffalo, N.
Y.; Dr. Herman Mynter, of Buffalo, N. Y.; Dr. Eugene '\Vasdin, of
the United States Marine-Hospital Service. Dr. Chttrles M0Burney,
of New York, joined the consultations at 3 p. m. September 8, and
left for home after the 9.30 a. m. bulletin of September 12. Dr.
Charles G. Stockton, of Buffalo, N. Y., joined the consultations at 5
p. m. September 12. Dr. Edward G. Janeway, of New York, and
Dr. W.W. Johnson, of Washington, D. C., arrived and Dr. McBurney
r:eturned after all hope had departed. All were present at the autopsy.
Dr. H. G. Matzinger, of Buffalo, N. Y., made all the urinalyses and
als~ had cha1:ge ?f the chemical and bacteriological work. The histo­
logical examrnat1on of the tissues was made by Dr. H. R. Gaylord,
who, wit~ _Dr. Matzinger, performed the autopsy.
In add1t10n to the nurses mentioned Miss Grace McKenzie, of Bal­
timore, Md., _was employed after her ~rrival, and Miss Evelyn Hunt,
of San Francisco, Cal., Mrs. McKinlev's nurse assisted as required.

.

'

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                  <text>Matzinger Collection</text>
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                  <text>On September 6, 1901, President William McKinley was shot twice at close range by anarchist Leon Czolgosz at the Pan-American Exposition in Buffalo, New York. Initially, doctors believed the surgery to remove the bullet was successful, but President McKinley’s health soon deteriorated. He died on September 14, 1901, becoming the third U.S. president to be assassinated. The government commissioned a detailed report to investigate the shooting, surgery, and any underlying infections to address concerns about the cause of McKinley’s death. Dr. Herman Matzinger, a respected medical professional and 1884 University at Buffalo graduate, collaborated with Dr. Harvey Gaylord, a professor of surgical pathology at the university, on the autopsy. Dr. Matzinger conducted a bacteriologic analysis of the bullet wound and surrounding tissues, to determine whether infection or poison played a role in President McKinley’s death. His findings, groundbreaking at the time, concluded that no pathogenic bacteria or poison contributed to the president’s condition. The Matzinger Collection includes a variety of primary documents related to the assassination investigation. Items include Dr. Matzinger’s 17-page notebook with lab notes, his final report on the autopsy, tickets to President McKinley’s funeral service, official death certificate acknowledgment, and personal letters and related ephemera. </text>
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                    <text>Funeral: McKinley's body seen
by thousands of mourners
Continued from Page Bl

state again. A special train took the
president's remains to Canton,
Ohio,. McKinley's home, the night
of Sept. 11,
•
On Sept. 18, 1901, the presi­
dent's casket was on view in the
Cant9n 'Courthouse, then taken to
his Canton home on North Market
Street .and closed. for the last time.
The following afternoon, Mc­
Kinley's funeral was held at First
Methodist Church in Canton, fol­
lowed by burial in West Lawn
Cemetery, Canton.

McKinley at the Milburn House on
the morning of Sept. 15, 1901, after
which the casket was taken by
horse-drawn hearse to City Hall
(now known as Old County Hall).
McKinley's body lay in state
there and was viewed by thousands
of mourners until midnight, when
the horse-drawn hearse bore the
casket to Union Station for travel
to Washington, D.C.
The body was kept overnight at
the White House, Drullard's re­
cords show, then moved to the ro 0
tunda of the Capitol, where it lay in e-mail: kbrady@buffnews.com

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                <text>NO COPYRIGHT – UNITED STATES. The organization that has made the Item available believes that the Item is in the Public Domain under the laws of the United States, but a determination was not made as to its copyright status under the copyright laws of other countries. The Item may not be in the Public Domain under the laws of other countries. Please refer to the organization that has made the Item available for more information. https://rightsstatements.org/page/NoC-US/1.0/</text>
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                <text>6/3/2025</text>
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                    <text>~() " . ~ (Ii ~

Y. ;;;&gt;c, o 1

HISTORY

.

Aging ledger prese1Ves details of McKinley funeral preparations
By KAREN BRADY

News Staff Reporter
In the early hours of Sept. 14,
1901, Buffalo undertaker George
E. Drullard was charged with a
daunting task.
He was to tend to the body of
President William McKinley, who
had died at 2:15 a.m. in the home
of Pan-American Exposition Presi­
dent John G. Milburn.
"You can just imagine the peo­
ple around that night, and the
stress on Mr. Drullard," said Ken­
more funeral director D. Lawrence
Ginnane - who owns Drullard's
records of that somber time.
"The autopsy, the embalming,
the casket, the laying out and prep­
aration of the remains - they're
all here," Ginnane noted of the
handwritten entries in an aging led­
ger of funerals performed at the
turn 6f the century by Drullard and
his then-partner, Harry J. Koch.

Perhaps most fascinating is the
cost - a total of $2,104.15 for ev­
erything, including Drullard's trav­
el with the McKinley entourage
from the Milburn House to Buffalo
City Hall, the White House, the
Capitol Rotunda and, finally, Mc­
Kinley's home in Canton, Ohio,
where the final service was held
and the president buried.
Drullard's records, written in a
handsome pen-and-ink cursive,
show a charge of $1,300 for the cas­
ket, apparently copper with wood
trim and an engraved silver plate
bearing McKinley's name and
dates. Embalming was $100; a
hearse drawn (twice) by four black
horses, $40.
"A copper casket today would
run $7,000 to $8,000," noted Gin­
na.ne. "Embalming would be $350
to $400, and hearse livery about
$180."
DENNIS C. ENSER/Buffalo News
Drullard's records show that the Lawrence Ginnane, left, and parents SHeila and D. Lawrence Ginnane •
undertaker had five men assisting display billing records for the funeral of President William McKinley.

all day, from attendance at the au­
topsy to the embalming and prepa­
ration for viewing and transport.
• Listed is.a $10 charge for a fresh
shave for the deceased president;
$10 for dressing and laying out his
remains; $5 for crepe and ribbons
for the Milburn House door; an­
other $5 for two dozen armbands;
$42 fol 21 pairs of kid gloves; $20
for the rental of 250 chairs ...
The cost for the casket's train
transportation from Buffalo's
Union Station to points beyond
was $285. Undertaker services1 in­
cluding the work of assistants to
Dmllard, came to $250.
Ginnane. who shares ownership
of the historic Drullard ledger with
his partners in the Ginnane .Funer­
al Home - his wife, Sheila J., and
their son, Lawrence J. - inherited
it after taking over the Kenmore
funeral home of Emmett W. Burns
in 1977.
Burns. who died in 1982. had

operated the Legg &amp; Burns Funa­
al Home in Buffalo before estab­
lishing his own Emmett W. Burm,
Funeral Home at 3215 Delaware
Ave., Kenmore. T. Arthur Legg.
before partnering with Burns, had
been in business with Drullard.
The Ginnanes recently turned
down a request to donate the led­
ger to the Historical Society.
"The records will stay with the
funeral home," Ginnane said.
"They need to be restored, and se­
cured, but they will stay her!!. They
belong to the funeral home."
Drullard's records show the
cause of McKinley's death as "gan­
grene of both walls of stomach and
pancreas following gunshot
wound," attributing this to physi­
cians Harvey R. Gaylord and H.G.
Matzinger and coroner James F.
Wilson.
A private service was held for

See Funeral Page 86

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                  <text>On September 6, 1901, President William McKinley was shot twice at close range by anarchist Leon Czolgosz at the Pan-American Exposition in Buffalo, New York. Initially, doctors believed the surgery to remove the bullet was successful, but President McKinley’s health soon deteriorated. He died on September 14, 1901, becoming the third U.S. president to be assassinated. The government commissioned a detailed report to investigate the shooting, surgery, and any underlying infections to address concerns about the cause of McKinley’s death. Dr. Herman Matzinger, a respected medical professional and 1884 University at Buffalo graduate, collaborated with Dr. Harvey Gaylord, a professor of surgical pathology at the university, on the autopsy. Dr. Matzinger conducted a bacteriologic analysis of the bullet wound and surrounding tissues, to determine whether infection or poison played a role in President McKinley’s death. His findings, groundbreaking at the time, concluded that no pathogenic bacteria or poison contributed to the president’s condition. The Matzinger Collection includes a variety of primary documents related to the assassination investigation. Items include Dr. Matzinger’s 17-page notebook with lab notes, his final report on the autopsy, tickets to President McKinley’s funeral service, official death certificate acknowledgment, and personal letters and related ephemera. </text>
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                  <text>1901 - 2001</text>
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          <element elementId="50">
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              <elementText elementTextId="1852560">
                <text>"Aging ledger preserves details of McKinley funeral preparations, by Karen Brady," The Buffalo News.</text>
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          <element elementId="47">
            <name>Rights</name>
            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="1852561">
                <text>NO COPYRIGHT – UNITED STATES. The organization that has made the Item available believes that the Item is in the Public Domain under the laws of the United States, but a determination was not made as to its copyright status under the copyright laws of other countries. The Item may not be in the Public Domain under the laws of other countries. Please refer to the organization that has made the Item available for more information. https://rightsstatements.org/page/NoC-US/1.0/</text>
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          <element elementId="41">
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                <text>Newspaper clipping from the Buffalo News of an article titled, "Aging Ledger preserves details of McKinley funeral preparations".</text>
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                <text>Robert L. Brown History of Medicine Collection</text>
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                <text>Funeral service</text>
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                <text>McKinley, William, 1843-1901</text>
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                <text>State University of New York at Buffalo. University Libraries</text>
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                <text>6/3/2025</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="1852570">
                <text>9/24/2001</text>
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                <text>Matzinger Collection. LIB-HSL-011</text>
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                <text>Matzinger Collection. HOM-029</text>
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                    <text>Jim Bishop: Reporter

Assassination In Buffalo
THE DOORS were closed and assistant. Mr. McKinley began
the last of ,the line of men and to murmur his !Prayers as as­
women shuffled forward through sistants hurried out for surgi­
the Temple of Music in Buffalo.· cal instruments. The President
They moved fast because Presi• had been shot at 4:07 p.m. At
dent William McKinley was ·5:20 p.m. the doctors were ready
shaking hands at the rate of 50 to start. They did not use caps
a minute. The citizens passed or gauze.
between lanes composed of 18
guards, 11 soldiers, four detec•
TH! DOCTORS might have
tives and three Secret Service .fried to probe for the bullet.
Instead, the gynecologist made
agertts.
At 4 p.m. on Sept, 6, 1901, the ,a long incision. As !he worked,
weather in Buff.alo was hot. The !he rapped Dr. Mynter's fingers
Presiden\ was the only man when the felt the other doctor
who looked cool. Outside, thou. was getting in his way. The
sands of people at the beautiful bullet went through ,the stomach
exposition fanned ,themselves and was !buried in ,back muscles.
and waited for the sun to go The doctors did not get the
down. Leon Czolgosz waited lhis bullet, µor did they notice that
turn in line. His right hand was the pancreas and one kidney
covered with a kerchief. Under had ibeen damaged.
Manh said he w,as going to
it was a revolver. The Presi­
dent was still watching a little close up. Mynter asked him to
girl who had hung her head insert a drain. Dr. Mann said no.
when he pa-tted her, and who The wound was closed. Every­
!had run off after !her mother, thing was done in a hurry. It
when Czolgosz extended his left was known that Dr. Roswell
Park, president of the American
hand.
Society of Surgeons, was at Ni•
THE PRESIDENT took it ag.ara Falls, and was racing to
automatically. The young man, the President's •bedside. HfJ
-an anarchist who resented an would arrive before sundown.
the· attention and prerogatives
THE PRESIDENT was still
Qt a ohief of state, pressed the
kerchief against Mr. McKinley's under ether When Park reached
bright vest. There were two the little $tucco building. lie
shots. Some blue smoke veiled was asked to take charge. "No,"
the .glance ~etween the two men. he said. "It wo;uldn't !be fair to
Several guards fell on Czolgosz. Dr. Mann." It is possible that
The PrMident fell into the arms medical ethics cost McKinley
his life-or so the ,book implies,
of his secretary,
The President was taken to
"Cortelyou," he said. "My
wife. Be careful a bout her. Mrs. McKinley, at the Milburn
Don't let her know." He watched house. The next day, he felt
the guards maul the assassin. better. On Sept. 9th, the situa­
"Go easy with him, boys," he tion was "glorious." On the
begged. Mr. McKinley shoved morning of the 12th, Mr. Mc­
his fingetl under hJs vest and Kinley was prorip.ed up_ in bed.
his shirt. He pulled t!h.em out A doctor ordered some toast for
• and looked at the 'blood on his him.
fingertips.
HE ATE IT ,and became ill,
HE WAS TAKEN to a little The doctors ordered two doses
stucco hospital on the grounds of castor oil. McKinley ,became
ot the Pan-American Exposition. sicker. He fainted. They tried
Walter Lord author of a metic1.1- heart stimulants. At 2' p.m. on
lously acturate book called "The Sept. 12, Mr. McKinley resigned
Good Years (1900-1914),'' pub­ from the living ,and told Dr.
lished !by Harper &amp; Brothers, Rixey that'the battle was almost
points out that it required 11 over. The pancreas and one kid~
minutes after the shooting to ney were gangrenous.
In the evening, the President,
get McKinley to the hospital.
Doctors were called from 8ev­ semiconscious, !began to whisper
eral parts of the city. "Be care­ lines from "Nearer My God to
ful of the doctors,'' the Presi• Thee." Once, he sighed "Oh
dent said to Corte1you. "I leave dear!" At 2:15 a.m. he died.
CoJ111rlght, 1960, .il:11117 F•at. !11M., Ille,
all that to you."
Surgeon Herman Mynter was
the first to examine Mr. Mc.Kin­
::Nb EXPRESS
ley. One bullet had drilled
through the m1ddle of the Presi•
Publ!she4 every mornlnr o! the Y..r b1
Bulfalo Cour1tr-Exprt11, Ille., Wlllllll\
dent, and was lodged inside. J.the Conntrs
III, prelident • and oubl!sher:
The second caromed off a but­ Howar4 w. Clother. treasurer; A. Oorcloa
tenera1 mant.cer.
ton and was found inside Mr. Bennett,
Oltlces at M•ln and Clo~ell lltreet1, Bui,
McKinley's underwear. 'An falo
5, N. Y. TelephoMI : General o!ftCH,
Cleveland 5353; Newa departments, Mldisol\
emergency operation was neces. 8700
; Classified Adv. dept., Cleveland U&amp;O.
sary. The question was: Who
Scoluo, Meeker do Scott, Publ!Sherl' Rt~•
would perform it?
rese:"J.tativu, New York, Cl\tcacb. Detroit,
1

«-omicr-

t

•

t~

,.
..
1

DR. EUGENE WASDIN ar­
rived. Dr. Edward Lee of St.
Louis !hurried in from -the ex•
position grounds. Dr. Matthew
Mann, a gynecologist, came on
the scene. He was Jicked.
The President waa conscious.
iMann 1elected Mynter as his

t

PhlladelPhla .
.MAIL SUl,$CIUPTION JUTES
Per YHr •
Dally llun.
Po1tal zon11 1, I and t ..... a22.aa Ila.AO
Other 1onu an4 Canada ..... ~24.00 111.40
Entered u iecon4 01111 matter at the
Pott otttca 111 :au!falo, N. Y., Juno 21. 1121.
Mlt.MBZR OP A!SOCIATID PUSS '
Tllo -latocl Pron 11 antltlocl uelu•
01,111 to tho 11u for p11bllcatlon of all loeal
d\:.,:tt.::w1paper, 11 wtll u

=~•u=~d

I

�</text>
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                  <text>Matzinger Collection</text>
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              <name>Description</name>
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              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="1851307">
                  <text>On September 6, 1901, President William McKinley was shot twice at close range by anarchist Leon Czolgosz at the Pan-American Exposition in Buffalo, New York. Initially, doctors believed the surgery to remove the bullet was successful, but President McKinley’s health soon deteriorated. He died on September 14, 1901, becoming the third U.S. president to be assassinated. The government commissioned a detailed report to investigate the shooting, surgery, and any underlying infections to address concerns about the cause of McKinley’s death. Dr. Herman Matzinger, a respected medical professional and 1884 University at Buffalo graduate, collaborated with Dr. Harvey Gaylord, a professor of surgical pathology at the university, on the autopsy. Dr. Matzinger conducted a bacteriologic analysis of the bullet wound and surrounding tissues, to determine whether infection or poison played a role in President McKinley’s death. His findings, groundbreaking at the time, concluded that no pathogenic bacteria or poison contributed to the president’s condition. The Matzinger Collection includes a variety of primary documents related to the assassination investigation. Items include Dr. Matzinger’s 17-page notebook with lab notes, his final report on the autopsy, tickets to President McKinley’s funeral service, official death certificate acknowledgment, and personal letters and related ephemera. </text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="39">
              <name>Creator</name>
              <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="1852921">
                  <text>Matzinger, Herman G. (Herman Gustavus), 1860-1931</text>
                </elementText>
                <elementText elementTextId="1852922">
                  <text>Rixey, Presley, M.</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
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              <name>Source</name>
              <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="1852923">
                  <text>Robert L. Brown History of Medicine Collection</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="45">
              <name>Publisher</name>
              <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="1852924">
                  <text>State University of New York at Buffalo. University Libraries</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
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              <name>Identifier</name>
              <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="1852926">
                  <text>LIB-HSL-011</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="40">
              <name>Date</name>
              <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="1852928">
                  <text>1901 - 2001</text>
                </elementText>
                <elementText elementTextId="1852929">
                  <text>Majority of material found within 1901-09 - 1901-10</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="44">
              <name>Language</name>
              <description>A language of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="1852930">
                  <text>eng</text>
                </elementText>
                <elementText elementTextId="1852931">
                  <text>esp</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
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        <elementContainer>
          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="1852544">
                <text>"Jim Bishop: Reporter. Assassination in Buffalo," Buffalo Courier Express.</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="47">
            <name>Rights</name>
            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="1852545">
                <text>NO COPYRIGHT – UNITED STATES. The organization that has made the Item available believes that the Item is in the Public Domain under the laws of the United States, but a determination was not made as to its copyright status under the copyright laws of other countries. The Item may not be in the Public Domain under the laws of other countries. Please refer to the organization that has made the Item available for more information. https://rightsstatements.org/page/NoC-US/1.0/</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="1852546">
                <text>A newspaper article from the Buffalo Courier Express titled "Assassination in Buffalo".</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="48">
            <name>Source</name>
            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="1852547">
                <text>Robert L. Brown History of Medicine Collection</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="1852548">
                <text>Presidents--Assassination</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="1852549">
                <text>McKinley, William, 1843-1901</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="44">
            <name>Language</name>
            <description>A language of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="1852550">
                <text>eng</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="45">
            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="1852551">
                <text>State University of New York at Buffalo. University Libraries</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="91">
            <name>Date Created</name>
            <description>Date of creation of the resource.</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="1852552">
                <text>2025-06-03</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="42">
            <name>Format</name>
            <description>The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="1852553">
                <text>application/pdf</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="1852554">
                <text>1960</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="51">
            <name>Type</name>
            <description>The nature or genre of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="1852555">
                <text>Text</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="105">
            <name>Is Part Of</name>
            <description>A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included.</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="1852556">
                <text>Matzinger Collection. LIB-HSL-011</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="1852557">
                <text>Matzinger Collection. HOM-029</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="43">
            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="1852558">
                <text>HOM_029-Publication-1-4-1</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
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  <item itemId="100388" public="1" featured="1">
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        <src>https://digital.lib.buffalo.edu/files/original/da8e2d5cd31a02aaa15bd5fb7a8b2f52.pdf</src>
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                <description/>
                <elementTextContainer>
                  <elementText elementTextId="1855769">
                    <text>William McK inley
CERTIFICATE OF THE CORON'ltR,
FORMAL RECORD OF :McKINLE Y' S DEATH FOR BUREAU OP
"VITAL ST ATISTICS.

The coroner of Erie County issued the following certificate of death
of the late P resident :
1 CITY OP B UF FALO,
BUREAU OP V ITA L S TATISTICS,

Cot "TY OP E RIE, STATS OP N EW Yoiut.
Certificate and record of death of William McKinley:
I hereby certify Lha t he died on the 14th day of Sep tember, 19&lt;n , about , :15
o'clock A. 1\1., and that to the best of my knowledge a nd belief the cause of death
was as hereunder written:
Cause, gangreue of both walls of stomach and pancreas following gunshot
wound .
Witn
my hand this 14th day of September, 1901.
H . R. GAYLORD, M . D.
H . Z. MATZINGER, M . D .

J AMES F . WILSON, Coro11er
Date of death-September 14. 1901.
Age-58 years, 7 months, 15 days.
Color-White.
Single, married, etc.- Married.
Occupation-President of the United States.
Birthplace-Ni les, Ohio.
H ow long in the United States, if foreign born­
Father's name-\Villiam McKinley.
Father 's birthplace-Pen nsylvania, U. S.
Mother 's name-Nancy McKinley.
Mother's birthplace-Ohio, U. S.
Place of death-II 68 Delaware avenue.
Last previous residence-Washington, D. C.
Direct cause of death-Gangrene of both walls of stomach and pancreq
following gunshot wound.

- --

OFFICIAL ORDER OF OBSERVANCES,
ORDJtR OF ARRANGEMJtNTS FOR THJt OBSJtQUIES AT WASH•
INGTON CITY OF WILLIAM MCKINLEY, LATE PRESI·
DENT OF THE UNITED STATES.

The remains of the late President will arrive in Washintton at 8:30
tJ'clock P. M. on Monday , the 16th of September, ,1901, and will be
escorted to the Executive Mansion by a squadron of United States
Cavalry.
On Tuesday, the 17th instant, at 9 o'clock A. M., they will be borne
t.o the Capitol, where they will lie in state in the rotunda from 10 o'clock
i&gt;. M. until 6 P. M. that date.

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                    <text>William ftfrKinley

u .md Pt1pos if the Prt" ·Umt
found and also closed in the same way. The furthe·r cour,;c t,! the
bullet could not be discovered, although careful search was made The!
abdominal wound was closed without drainage. No injury
the
intestines or other abdominal organ was discovered . The patien &lt;,tood
the operation well , pulse of good quality, rate of 130. Cond ition at the
conclusion of operation was gratifying. The result cannot be f,,,~to}d.
His condition at present j ustifies hope of recovery.
GEORGE B. CORTELYOU ,
Secretary lo the President.

ANN Ol'NCEMENT TO THE V I CE- PRESIDENT.

NitWS AT T Hit W HITE H OUSE.

T he official announcement of the President's death was received at
the White House at 2:35 o'clock, September 14, 1901, as follows:
Buffalo, September If.
D,I. B . F . Montgomery, E xerutiv e /lfa nsion, Wa shing /on :
, The Presiden t died at

2 :15

wounds as well as the tiseues around the further rourse of the bullet. Death wu
un avoidable by any surgical or medic..1 trt- ment nd was the direct result of the
bullet wound.
EDW ARIJ G . JANEWAY, M. D.
HARVEY D. GAYLORD, M. D.
W . D. J l!NSO N, M. D.
HER:.\IAN G. MATZING R, M. D.
W. P . KE ·n LL,
P. M. RIXEY, M. D.
.',u.-geon, U.S. A .
MATTHEW D. MANN, M. D.
CHARLES ARY . M. D.
HERMA' MYNTER, M. D.
EDWARD L. MUNSON,
ROSWELL PARK , M. D.
Assistant Su.-geon, U. S . A .
EUGENE WA DI. . M. D.
H E R.l\1AN US L. BAER, M. D.
CHARLES G. STO 'KT0 N, M. D.

this morning.
GEORGE B. CORTELYOU.

At the residence of ~fr. Ansley Wilcox, 64 1 Delaware Avenue,
falo , N . \' ., Mr. Root stepped forward and said, with deep
"Mr. \'ice-Pr sid t11 l , I have been requested on behalf of the Ca• ,1
of the late President- at lea t those who are present in Buffalo, al e
cept two- to request th at for reason s of weight affecting the affair C
Government you should proceed to take t he constitutional oath of Pre ••
dent of the Uni ted ~' t

Immediately upon receipt of the official dispatch the following was
sent to Secretary Cortclyou:
Tax V 1c 8 - P R£SIDRN'f's REPLY.
Members of the executive sta ff in Washington are deeply affected, and beg to
tender their profound sympathy to Mrs. McKinley .
O. F. PRUDEN,

Assistant Secretary.

Ptrauc

ANNOUNCE ME NT OF DRATH BY THE

" I shall take the oath at once in accordance with your request ,. and
In this hour of deep and terrible nati~nal bereavement I wish to state
that it sh all be my aim to continue absolutel y unbroken t he policy of
. Presidertt McKinley for the peace and prosperity and honor of our
beloved country."

P HYSICI ANS.
ANNOUN CltMR T OF

MILBURN HOUSE ,

B uffalo, N. Y., Sept. I/..
The following report of the autopsy' upon the remains of Presid~nt
McKinley was issued a t 5 o'clock:

I
T ION TO REPUSENT TIVBS OP
TES ABROAD.

DJtpAJt'fMJtNT OP' STATS,

, 1'&gt;:'e bullet which struck over the breastbone did not pass th rough the skin, and
did llttle harm. The other bullet passed through both walls of the stomach near it.I
"?wer border. Both holes were found to be perfec~ly closed by the stitches, but the
tiuue around each hole had become gangrenous. After passing through the
.tomach the bullet pa-1 into the back walls of the abdomen, hitting-and ~
the upper cud of the kidney. Thia portion of the bullet track was a190 gangrenous
tlle pqrene involving the pancreas. The bullet ~ ~ot yet been f~un.d. Th__;
WU DO lien of peritonitia or diaeaae of other organs. The heart walla were
tlda. Tbere wu DO evidence of any attempt at repair on the part of natme,
ad a.ll -111e4 from tlle pqren~ which dected the .....cb NOUDd tba 1Nab1i

yery

Was!uagton, &amp;pl. I/..
S ir I is my painful dut to announce to you the death of William
McKm , P resident of the Uni ted States, in the city of Bdalo, at
fif~n minute past 2 in the morni ng of to-day, September 14Laid low by the act of an ueassin, the weck-lon,t ltr'agle to aw
his life bu been watched with keen 10licitude, not aioae by tbe ,-pie
of this country, who raiNd him from their own rub to the bis1a..,.
be 6lled, but i,, tbe peop1e o1 a11 friendly •dam. ,,... ■

r "

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                  <elementText elementTextId="1852889">
                    <text>�•

•

L

�HAf\~Y

f f NN

C OPY RI G KT,19 00 BY THE PAN-AM ERICA N (XPOSIT!ON CO

LA TORRE

UEVA ORK

ELÉCTRICA.

�EL EMBLEMA DEL DISEÑO DE LA CARÁTULA.
El antiguo espíritu libre. de la Catarata regresa, y se encuentra
rodeado por los círculos eléctricos del Niágara dominado. En
vano ha luchado por ,·erse libre, é indica las estrellas eléctricas
como causa de su derrota. La efigie se apoya sobre el mundo,
en el lugar donde se efectuara la Exposición. El globo est:L
sostenido por obscuras alas que simbolizan la ligereza con
que vuela el tiempo, y la diferencia que existe entre lo antiguo
y lo moderno. Las extremidades ele las alas están en con•
tacto con los raudales, y á la izquierda. del terreno, en el fondo,
se encuentra el río Niágara, uniendo los dos lagos que son la
fuente de I a fuerza.

I

�/
LA

,
EXPOSICION

AMERICANA

PAN

FUNCIONARIOS DE LA EXPOSICIÓN PAN AMERICANA.
jOHN G.

MILDUHN,

Presidente.

EDW I N FLEMING, Secretario.

CEO .

L. WILLIAMS, Tesorero.

DIRECTORES.

Frank B. Baird, Georg-e K. Birge, Herbert P. Bissell, Geo:-ge Bleistcin, John M. Brinker, Conrad
Diehl, W. Caryl Ely, H, Montgomery Ge rrans, Charles ,v. Goodycar, ll arry ll amlin. "\Villiam
Hengerer, Charles R. Huntley, Wm. H. llotchkiss, J. T. Janes, F. C. M. Lautz, J ohn G. Milburn ,
E. G. S. Miller, H. J. Pierce, John M. Scatcherd, Robert F. Schelling, Ca rleton Sprague, Thomas W.
Symons, George Urhan, Jr., George L. Williams.

,

COMITE EJECUTIVO .

)OHN N. SCATCHEl{D, Presidente .

George K. Birge, Conrad Diehl, llarry Hamlin, Charles R. Huntley, J. T. Janes, Robert F.
Schelli ng , Carleton Sprague, Thomas \V. Symons.
George W. Ames, Secretario del Presidente.
EDIFICIOS

Y TERRENOS ,

COMITE.

JUNTA DE ARQUITECTOS.

John N . Scatchercl, Presidente.
ED IFI CIOS.
TERRENOS.
Barry I-lamlin,
George K. Birge,
Thomas W. Symons.
Carleton Sprague ,
C. Y. Turner, Director del Colorido.
FUNCIONARIOS

J ohn M. Carr0 re, Presidente.
George F. Sheplcy,
J. C . Il oward,
R. S. Pcabody ,
Geo . Cary,
\Yalter Cook,
E. B. G reen,
August C. Esenwein .
Karl Bitter, Director de Escultu ra,
EJECUTIVOS.

\YILLIAM l. BUCHANAN, Director General.
John B. Weber, Comisionado General y Con­
N ewcomb Carlton, Director de Obras.
tador.
F rederic \V . Taylor, Director de Co ncesiones.
John Byrne, Comandante de la Policia.
Roswell Park, Médico Director.
DIVISIONES CE LAS EXHIBICIONES .

George Francis Sever, Superintendente de las
Exhibiciones Eléctricas.
Wm. A. Coffin, Director de Bellas Artes.
Thomas M. Moore, Superintendente de Artes
Gráficas, Maquinarias, Exhibiciones de
Transportes é Im plementos de Agricultura.
Edward N. Squires, Sub Superintendente ele
Maquinarias.
Richmond C. Hill, Sub Super in tendente de
Artes Graficas.
Teniente Goclfrey L. Carden , Encargado del
Grupo de Artillería.
Se lim 1--1. Peabody, Superi n tendente de Artes
Liberales.
Jacob S. Otto, Sub Superintendente de la
Exhibición de Sanidad.
A. L. Benedict, Superintendente de Etnología
y Arqueología.
Frank A. Converse , Superintendente de Ani­
males Vivos, Productos de la leche y Pro­
ductos Agricolos.
Frederic W. Taylor, Superintendente de Horli­
cultura y Productos Alimenticios.
,villiam Scott, Sub Superintendente de
Floricultura.
H. E. Van Deman, Sub Superintendente de la
División de Horticultura.
G. Edward Fuller, Sub Superintenden te
de_ Productos Alimenticios y Sus Acces­
orios.
F. ele P. Townsend, Sub Superintendente
de Selvicultura.
David T. Day, Superintendente de Minas y
Metalurgia.
Algar M, Wheeler, Superintendente de Manu­
factmas.

DEPARTMENTO

DE

OBRAS .

f U~~)~~;~;~~ .. s;r/J~l~e~~~S~~t~~ci~~e~~isajes.
SamuelJ. FielcÍs, Primer Ingeniero.
H en ry R ustin , Jefe del Departamento de
Med nica y de Electricidad.
Luther Stieringer, I ngeniero Electricista.
Henry \Veatherwax, Jefe Dibujante.
DEPARTAMENTO DE RELACIONES EXTERIORES.

Nicolás Veloz-Goit icoa, Secretario.
DEPARTAMENTO DE JURISPRUDENCIA Y
SEQUROS.

Osear T. Taylor, Secretario.
OFICINA DE PUBLICIDAD.

Mark Bennitt, Superintendente del Departa­
mento de la Prensa.
F. R. Rosseel, Superintendente del Departa­
mento de Anuncios .
J. V. Noel, Jefe ele la Sección de la Prensa
L atino-Americana.
OFICINA DE TRANSPORTES.

James V. Mahoney, Superintendente del De•
partamento de Pasajes.
Bruce Ellis, Superintendente del Departamento
de Fletes.
OFICINA DE IMPRESIONES Y PROVEDURlA,

Francis Almy, Agente Comprador .
JUNTA DE SENORAS OERENTES.

Marian de Forest, Secreta ri o.

Copyright, 1900, by Theodore B. Starr

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JUNTA DE SE~ORAS GERENTES.
Sef10ra ,villiam llamlin, Presidente.
Senora J. J. Alhright, Sefl.ora Tracy C. Becker, Señorita Ida C. Bender, Seí10ra Charles Cary,
Señorita Annie Damer, Sefiora J oseph Desbecker,1Señora J oseph E. Gavin, Señora David Gray, Señora
P. H. Griffin, Señora A. G. H auenstein , Señora John M. Horton, Señora Charles F. Kingsley,
Seriara Norman E. Mack , Seflora Ceo. E. Matthews, Señora Adelbert Moot, Senara llerman Mynter,
Sef1ora Elizabeth B. McGowan, Seí10ra ,v. A. Rogers, Seí'l.ora Robert K. Root, Señora J. F.
Schoellkopf, Jr., Sef10rita Frances G. Stanton, Seflora George ,v, Townsend, Señora llerman
\Vate rman, Señora Lester \Vheeler.
Señorita Marian De F orest, Secretario.

COMITÉS PERMANENTES DE LA EXPOSICIÓN.
ESTADOS Y RELACIONES EXTERIORES,

J. N. Adam, Presidente; D. S. Alexander, Charles F. Bishop, J. J. JI. Brown, Jos. E. Gavin,
Alfred I-laines , Arthur C. llastings, R. R. Hefford, Lucien Howe, William L. Marcy, J. W. Robin­
so n, Laurence D. Rumsey , William H. Ryan, T. Guilford Smith, Nicol;'t.s Veloz-Goiticoa, Secretario,
FINANZAS.

Franklin D. Lockc, Acting Presidente; J. J. Albright, Stcphen M. Clement, Eugene A. Ceorger,
Frank H. Goodyear, ,Villiam llamlin, Elliott C. McDougal, Pascal P. Pratt, Charles A. Swcet,
Ceorge L. Williams.
VIABILIDAD,

Wm. 11. Hotchki ss, Presid ente; S. G. Dorr, ,v. Caryl Ely, John Feist, John ,v. Fisher, H. H.
Jl ewitt, John llughes , Charles R. Huntlcy, Joseph T. Jones, Charles Lautz, Franklin D. Locke,
ll enry J. Pierce, Th omas T. Ramsdell, J. \V. Robinson, Henry \Yeill.
PUBLICIDAD.

Ceorge Bleistein, Presidente; E. JI. Butler, ,Villiam C. Cornwcll, W. Caryl Ely, F. C. B.
1J eld. Charles F. Kingsley. Norman E. Mack, Darwin D. Martin, Geo . E. Matthews, E. G. S. Miller,
H.ay V. Pierce, Thomas T. Ramsdell, Ottomar H.einecke, Georgc T. Smith, James Gerard Smith,
J acob Stern.
EXHIBICIONES.

Frank n. Baird, Presidente: Michael Danahy, Charles Graben, P. 1 I. Griffin, George B. Hayes,
Clarence M. 1-l oward, C . H. Keep, H. T. Koerner, Ceo. E, Lavcrack, O. P. Letchworth. M. B. }Jatch,
A. E. Penen, E. R. Rice, Jamt:s M. H.. ozan , J. F. Schoellkopf, Jr., R. K. Smithcr, C. E. Walhridge .
CONCESIONES.

J[. J. Picrcc, Presidente: Frank R. Baird, Arthur D. Bissell, Edmufül I layes, Charles R. J[untley,
Georgc P. Sawyer, Pendennis White.
TRANSPORTES.

W. Caryl Ely. Presidente; R. Bel!, J.1'. Bradficld, C. A. llrunn, P. C. Doyh:, W. C. Farrington,
J[.S. Fisher,F. P.Fox,D. Lunderg-an,J. D. McDonald. C. E. Markham, Frank J. Moore,J.J.
Mossman, Tracy ,v. Niles, Harry Parry, I-1. J. Pierce, ,v. II. Underwood.
BELLAS ARTES.

T. Guilford Smith, Presidente; J. J. Albright, Willis O. Chapin, William C. Cornwell, William A.
King, Ralph H. Plumb, George P. Sawycr, L. C. Sellstedt, Carlcton Sprague.
MUSICA.

F. C. !vl. Lautz, Presidente: John H. Cowing, ,valtcr J. Dunham, Simon Fleischmann, H. l\I.
Gerrans, R aphael Jler1nan, R. H. ll eussler , Ceo. A. Lewis, 1-l ohart Weed.
RECIBIMIENTO.

fohn G. Milburn, Presidente de la. Exposición, Presidente; R. B. Aclam, Frank L. Ilapst, H enq'
,v.'Box, H. ,v . Brendel, John M. Brinker, John Coleman, E. T. Evans, Theodore Fassett, S. Levyn,
D. JI.. McMillan, James Mooney, Roswell Park, Mathias Rohr, Augustus F. Scheu, Henry II. Sey•
mour, James R. Smith, Thomas Stoddart, George Urban, Jr., Henry M. ,vatson.
JURISPRUDENCIA Y SEGUROS.

Jl erhcrt P. Bi ssell, Presidente; J ames A. Roberts, Rohert F. Schelling, Osear T. Taylor, Secretario.
IMPRESIONES Y PROVEDURIA.

William JI. !I otch ki ss, Presidente; H. V. Bisgood, H . M. Gerrans, Wil\iam l-lcngerer, F. C. l\l.
Lautz.
Frands Almy, Agente Cornpradnr.
•
SPORTS Y JUEGOS ATLETICOS.

Jesse C. Dann, Presidente; Charles Cary. J. McC. Mitchell, Johu B. Oltns ted, Charles M. Ran­
som, Seward A. Simons, ,vuliam B. ,vright, Jr.

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THE COURIER
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BUFFALO , N . Y .
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vapores que zarpan de estos puertos del río y atraviezan el
lago, llegará á Toronto. Esta ciudad es grande, animada,
tiene muchos colegios y en verano es muy adicta al "sport"
acuático. Ningún otro lugar de los lagos rivaliza su puerto
é Isla adyacente en festividad acuática. Todo el Oeste del
lago Ontario, está llen o de lugares agradables. La ciudad
de Harnilton, que se halla al lado Oeste del lago, con sus
ferrocarriles funiculares que suben á la montaña, ofrece
algo nuevo al turista. Grimsby Park, á • orillas del lago
Ontario, entre Hamilton y el Niágara, es una Asamblea
Canadiense popular y provechosa. Niágara-on-the-lake, en
la boca del río, frente á Fort Niágara, es otro lugar _que
merece ser visto. Todos estos lugares y muchos más en esta
dirección, son fácilmente accesibles por ferrocarril de vapor
y eléctrico, por vapores y por camino desde Búfalo. Aun
se puede ir á Toron~o y regresar el mismo día sin apresu­
rarse y con sobrado tiempo para ver toda la ciudad. A

La garganta y el remolino de las cataratas del río Niágara.

LUGARES CERCANOS
DEL CANADÁ

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Chautauqua

poca ·d istancia ele Búfalo, se halla Chautauqua, que es el
primer colegio popular más grande en los bosques, cerca ele
un admirable lago en la parte alta de las montañas. En su
clase, Chautauqua es el más grande y mejor instituto, y es
prácticamente un suburbio ele Búfalo. Puede uno desayunarse
en Búfalo, é irá presenciar una conferencia en sanscripto, ó al
Kindergarten superior, ó pasearse por Palestina en Chau­
tauqua, antes ele la hora ele almuerzo. Pueden pasarse las
noches en Búfalo y los días en Chautauqua, ó vice versa,
según se desee. Vale la pena venir desde Main, Montana,
ó Mississippi, y pasar algunos días y aún semanas en Chau­
tauqua y ahí está uno virtualmente en Búfalo.
Las costas cercanas del lago Erie y las costas del Sur
del Ontario están llenas de lugares ele diversiones. La parte
central y el Oeste del Estado ele Nueva York, contienen
muchos lagos, y cada uno ele éstos es centro ele placeres
poco costosos.
En sentido más extenso, el visitante que llega á Búfalo,
desde Estados lejanos, ó desde países • extrangeros, se

EL RENOMBRADO
CHAUTAUQUA

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encontrará en el centro de las más célebres vías de viaje
y pasará por los lugares veraniegos americanos más
famosos. Las fuentes de Saratoga, que han sido, por un
siglo, el lugar de aguas más de moda del Continente, no
dista sino cinco horas de Búfalo, por trenes de lujo,
mientras que más allá hay el aliciente de los Adirondacks,
Catskills y las glorias del Hudson.
Las observaciones que preceden se hacen con el fin
de que el lector pueda apreciar lo mucho que tiene á fácil
alcance desde Búfalo. La ciudad, de por sí, es un foco, no
solamente ele negocios sino de placer y de viajes. La
realidad ele esta verdad no fúe quizás apreciada debidamente
hasta que no se determinó celebrar aquí en 1901 la Expo­
sición Pan Americana. Esta idea estuvo en embrión por
muchos años, hasta que llegó á dársele forma real y efec­
tiva ; y cuando se pensó seriamente en ella y se estudió ele
cerca el asunto, vinieron á apercibirse las personas que lo
gestionaban ele que Búfalo era el lugar más apropiado, por
tocio respecto en América, para llevar á cabo semejante
empresa. Ya hemos indicado porqué es el mejor lugar.
La idea Pan Americana, basada en una hermandad extensa
y en una unión más íntima entre las naciones Americanas, es
un propósito magno que marcará época en las ideas ele este
siglo; y una Exposición para fomentar semejante idea, y
llevarla á cabo en cualquier punto ele cualesquiera ele los de
América, sería cosa laudable.
La próxima Exposición
Pan Americana, debería efectuarse, ó en México ó en una ele
las capitales de la América del Sur, ele manera que "Uncle
Sam" tenga oportunidad de devolverá sus primos del Sur la
visita que le hacen; pero ya que ha sido decidido, que la

1

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primera Exposición Pan Americana se lleve á cabo en los
Estados Unidos de América, tocó á Búfalo la fortuna de ser la
escogida con tal fin. Esta elección es tan conveniente para
el Canadá, como si la Exposición se efectuara en su propio
territorio. Ningún punto del interior es tan accesible para
mandar productos exhibibles desde países extrangeros, que
llegan por el puerto de Nueva York, que es la vía por la
cual arribarán la mayor parte ele ellos. Medios de comunica­
ción por ferrocarriles y canales, por el Este ; vías férreas y ele
lagos por el Sur y por el Oeste, y las facilidades ele transporte
que posee América , están al servicio de los expositores.
Esto es cierto, no sólo en lo tocante á los expositores extran­
geros, sino igualmente cuanto á los del país. Los grandes
Estados manufactureros y agrícolas están llenos de personas
que desean hacer exhibiciones de los artículos que producen.
Esta clase de expositores apreciará especialmente las
ventajas de la ciudad de Búfalo, con sus 26 líneas ele ferro­
carriles, además de las de lago y canales que posee.
Nos hemos referido á la idea Pan Americana; y aunque
la historia de una idea no es absolutamente esencial para la
felicidad humana, sin embargo, puede ser que contribuya á
que le sea grato al lector conocer algo de ella, aunque la lea
á la ligera; pero no podrá menos de notar, empero, que
la historia de la id~a Pan Americana y la historia de la Ex­
posición Pan Americana, son dos capítulos distintos, como
trataremos de explanarlo aquí sintéticamente.
" Señores" dijo James G. Blain, en su discurso de bien­
venida á la Conferencia Pan Americana en vVashington, el 2
de octubre de 1889, "nos reunimos con el firme convenci­
miento ele que las naciones de América deberían y pueden

LA IDEA
PAN AMERICANA

�COPYRIGHT,1900,BY THf PAN-AMEF.&gt;ICAN EXPOSITION CO

JAMES KNOX TA1"LOR' ARQUITECTO, WASHJNGTON,D.C

EDIFICIO DEL GOBIER NO DE LOS ESTA DOS UNIDOS.

�COPYR'IGHT.1900.BYTHE PAN-AMERJCAN EXPOS:ON CO.

EL TEMPLO

,
DE LA M U 5 1CA.

AuGusT C.EsrnWe,N,ARQUITE:CTO. BúFFALO.

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La Exposición Pan Americana será una oportunidad propicia,
así para ellas como para los Estados U nidos.
México, que está haciendo progresos rápidos y sustan­
ciales bajo la sabia Administración del Presidente Díaz, tiene
motivos, y el propósito deliberado, de quedar debidamente
representada en la Exposición, pués son enormes sus fuentes
de riqueza aun no explotadas y todas sus industrias, lo único
que necesitan es más capital. Sus minas, sus haciendas, y
sus proyectos de ingeniatura, todos sacarán provecho de la
exhibición que está preparando para Búfalo.
La Reptlblica Argentina, ese país tan grande y tan
admirablemente progresista, que se halla más allá de la línea

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Ecuatorial, se ha comprometido á quedar debidamente repre­
sentada, y su Presidente, el General Roca se promete visitar
los Estados Unidos y la Exposición Pan Americana.
La Argentina se ha apersonado ele la oportunidad que
se la presenta.
De igual manera el Dominio del Canadá, con su rápido
desarrollo, sus vastos recursos y las espléndidas oportuni­
dades ele que dispone, está dando pasos en idéntico sentido.
De igual modo se preparan las cinco Repúblicas Centro
Americanas, el Brasil y las demás vecinas Repúblicas ele la
América del Sur. En ninguna otra Exposición celebrada
hasta la fecha ha habido una representación tan general ele
toda América, como la que se verá en Búfalo el año entrante.
Cada una ele estas naciones hace desembolsos para preparar
una exhibición, mandarla á Búfalo y sostener allí un cuerpo
ele empleados en los terrenos por espacio ele seis meses.
Esto no lo hacen simplemente con el propósito ele tener un
bazar ele objetos nuevos y curiosos para la historia americana.
Este fin no justificaría los esfuerzos ni sería provechoso. Cada
nación , cada expositor que gaste dinero en la Exposición Pan
Americana, aspira á reembolsarse si posible es muchas veces;
probablemente no lo conseguirá directamente; pero ele todos
modos sí lo alcanzará con seguridad. La prosperidad en
los negocios es recíprocamente provechosa. Cada cual con­
sigue lo que desea, vende aquello que no necesita y adquiere
mejor conocimiento ele su vecino.
No serán estas las fases científicas ele la economía polí­
tica internacional; pero no obstante son apreciaciones
prácticas. El hecho es que la Exposición Pan Americana
no es una Exposición ele Búfalo, ni una Exposición ele los
Grupo á la entrada
de la exhibición
de Animales Vivos
F. C. Roth, Escultor
Copyright, 1900,
by the Pan-Ame rica n Exposition Compa ny

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Estados Unidos exclusivamente, sino que lo es igualmente
de México, de la República Argentina, del Brasil de Chile y
del Canadá y ele los demás paises, Pan Americanos, hasta
donde éstos deseen que lo sea. Por consiguiente, con tocia
especie ele prospectos para una cooperación espléndida, ya
tenemos la seguridad ele decir, que esta vez se alcanzará
el gran fin, y el gran propósito ele la Exposición Pan Ameri­
cana. Las naciones Americanas se congregarán amistosa­
mente y alcanzarán· ele esta reunión gran provecho recíproco.
No es el caso ele que el león devore al cordero, ni ele que el
águila desgarre la tórtola. El águila sabe lo que debe
hacer y además no se trata ni ele corderos ni ele tórtolas.
Esta somera disertación tocante á la idea Pan Americana
tiene por objecto no sólo el familiarizar al lector con el
propóisto fundamental ele la Exposición de todas las Améri­
cas_ sino darle un aliciente para que se interese en la rela­
ción ele esta feria, de manera que, comprendiendo cual es la
aspiración ele este Certamen, desee conocer pormenores
sobre cuál será su aspecto. De seguro que el lector no
puede menos ele figurarse que ha de ser cosa jamás vista,
hasta la fecha, en el mundo. La calificación que más le cuadra
es la de cosa" única," porque la Exposición Pan Americana
será un certamen absolutamente excepcional y único, pués
hasta ahora no ha habido nada que se le parezca y por lo
tanto no admite comparación.
La mayor parte de las Exposiciones de Europa se
asemejan, las unas á las otras, en su arquitectura, en sus pai­
sajes y jardines, ó han tenido muchos puntos ele semejanza con
los palacios y recintos de grandes ciudades Europeas. El

L a Cated ra l de Mé xi co

Copy ri g ht, 1898 ,
lk troit Ph otographic Compa ny

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Palacio de Cristal de Londres, fabricado de hierro y vidrio,
no es cosa nueva porque dá idea de un inmenso invernadero.
En Chicago, los arquitectos que tuvieron á su cargo la cons­
trucción de la Exposición Colombina, tuvieron el buen
sentido de apartarse de las ideas que dominaron en la cons­
trucción de Exposiciones europeas. Adoptaron el antiguo
orden de arquitectura Griega, y fabricaron una ciudad
"blanca " de gran belleza; pero algo incóngrua en las bajas
y nebulosas márgenes del lago Michigan. Sin embargo, esa
fué una idea buena mientras fué nueva. Omaha, Nashville
y otras ciudades, al llevar á cabo sus Exposiciones, más ó
ménos grandes, se limitaron á imitar á. Chicago. Media
docena de ferias americanas, semejantes todas aunque su
inspiración viene de los divinos mármoles de la ·antígua
Helas, son suficientes para el apetito americano.
Fué cosa evidente desde un principio, para los que
proyectaron la Exposición Pan Americana, que si fabricaban
algo que fuera del agrado público tendría que ser diferente.
Es fácil hacer cosas diferentes, pero llevar á cabo una cosa
distinta de lo que el mundo ha aprendido á hacer á su gusto,
y que sea sin embargo bueno, verdadero y bello, es empresa
de gran magnitud. Pero la sabiduría se adquiere por el
consejo. La junta de Hércules Pan Americana se propuso
llevar á cabo algo verdaderamente excepcional, dada la
magnitud de la empresa. Se propusieron hacer una Ex­
posición Pan Americana del N arte, del Centro y del Sur de las
Américas y de nuestras islas allende los mares. Ni Grecia,
ni Roma, ni aún Turquía tiene que hacer con el asunto.
Ni puede ser cosa de orden gótico, ni bizantino particular­
mente clásico. Verdad es que no podemos apartarnos com-

J,

La Libertad
Gelert, Escultor
Copyright, 1900 ,
by th e Pan-Am­
e ri c a n E xpo­
s ition Company

SELECCIÓN DE
UN ESTILO
ARQUITECTÓNICO

�GEORG E

COPYRIGHT,1900,BY THE PAN-AMERICAN EXPOSIT!ON CO.

EDIFICIO DE MANUFACTURAS y ARTES LIBERALES

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pletamente de los antíguos principios de construcción; pero
por lo menos podemos hacer un esfuerzo para dar un
ejemplo de las ideas arquitectónicas americanas, dado el
caso de que las tengamos.
Animados de estos propósitos prosiguieron su ardua
empresa. Hallaron la corteza de árbol y la piel de que se
sirven los Indios ; la caverna del prehistórico hombre y la
choza de nieve de los Esquimales, todas de arquitectura
nativa, pero sin embargo opuestas al fin que se proponían .
Disponían también de las construcciones de acero de 20 y
más pisos; pero los Estados Unidos son la única nación
que conviene en prohijar hijo tan feo. Rebuscando así una
idea de la arquitectura nacional, por · fin hallaron que había
una arquitectura, que, aunque no era primitiva, es hasta
cierto punto indígena, así para la América del Norte como
para la del Centro y del Sur, y simboliza la conquista
Europea de la mayor parte del Hemisferio Occidental. Con
ella está familiarizada toda la América Latina y en los
Estados Unidos está representada por los magníficos y
antíguos edificios de misiones en el Suroeste. ¿ Qué turista
no recuerda haber visto las misiones de San Luis Rey,
San Miguel, Santa Inés, ó Santa Bárbara y otras varias
con sus muros macizos, blancos, ó de color, con socarrenes
grandes, cubiertos de tejas rojas y grandes claustros?
Esta era arquitectura Española adaptada á las necesidades
de que se disponía en un mundo extraño y nuevo, como lo
era también, hasta cierto punto, la civilización española. El
viajero estudia hoy esta arquitectura quizás en la antígua
iglesia que existe entre las elevadas estructuras de San
Augustín, ó en las líneas más nobles de la Habana ó de

BÚSQUEDA
DE ESTILO ARQUTTECTÓNTCO
AMERICANO

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México. Las construcciones de este género, que existen en
los Estados Unidos están en su mayor parte asociadas con la
historia de las primeras misiones cristianas entre los Indios.
Cuando los constructores ele la Exposición Pan Ameri­
cana, tomaron en consideración estas cosas, hallaron que
en esta clase de edificios, disponían ele elementos con que
hacer frente á las necesidades, así ele utilidad como ele
sentimiento y encomendaron á los arquitectos que tomaran
por modelo, los frescos claustros y techos rojos ele los
edificios ele las misiones Hispano-Americanas.
Y entonces estos arquitectos, según es común á la humani­
dad, se dieron á la obra é hicieron lo que pudieron, ele manera

F achada N orte del Edificio de l\laquinaria y Transportes

MODELOS DE
ESTRUCTURA

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EXPOSICIÓN

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AMER I CANA

que los edificos que levantaron dan idea de la antígua
arquitectura de las Misiones y otros no la clan; pero, sin em­
bargo, aunque su trabajo recorrió tocia la escala ele los
órdenes arquitectónicos, por fortuna sus combinaciones
y modificaciones alcanzaron un conjunto absolutamente
armónico. Tienen mucho del estilo " Renaissance " ele la
especie más libre; pero la idea , Hispano Americana está
dominante allí y se hace sentir por tocias partes.
La electricidad fué otra influencia potente que se tuvo
en cuenta desde un principio y que se hace patente por
todas partes. Corona todas las fases más importantes ele la
Exposición y de su fuerza se hace uso tan extenso como
variado. Deriva su fuerza ele las Cataratas del Niágara y
su poder es conmensurable, sólo con el ele esas poderosas
caídas. Tendrá que ser bien impasible y poco impresio­
nable el espectador que vea la maquinaria en movimiE¡nto,
los centenares de miles de luces y las fuentes luminosas, y
no se conmueva al reflexionar ¡que la vida de tocio ello,
es ese tabernáculo de belleza del mundo,-las Cataratas del
Niágara- y no sienta admiración por esa prodigiosa hazaña
ele gloria humana y nuevo impulso, en pró de la amistad
internacional y progreso de la raza.
Cuando el potentado de Hadas deseaba fabricar una
ciudad se recordará, que congregaba sus hombres sabios y
les encomendaba que prosiguieran á llevar á cabo sus ideas.
Era asunto de ellos saber lo que él deseaba, sin tener que
hacerle preguntas enojosas ; pero si el trabajo ele ellos no
quedaba á satisfacción del potentado, los hacía decapitar y
nuevo número ele hombres sabios tomaban su lugar. De

De troit Photographic Company

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EXPOSICIÓN

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AMERICANA

ello se deduce que era cosa muy simple fabricar una ciudad
si había repuesto suficiente de hombres sabios. Es virtual­
mente la fabricación de una ciudad lo que la Gerencia de la
Exposición ha emprendido. Cualquiera ciudad, en América,
por lo menos, crece por casualidad, fabricada sobre las cenizas
de una construcción anterior y sin tomar en cuenta ningún
plan racional. La ciudad de la Exposición Pan Americana,
existía completa y espléndida en la mente de sus creadores,
antes de que se hiciera el primer surco en la tierra. Jamás
ha soñado ningún poeta más bella ciudad, llena de cúpulas
y minaretes, y jamás ha satisfecho mejor los requerimientos
de belleza, órden y conveniencia, que lo que lo hará esta ciudad
Pan Americana; esta simbólica villa, trofeo de la hermandad
americana, cuando abra sus portadas al mundo el lº de mayo
de 1901. Todo esto se habrá alcanzado sin que haya habido
la experiencia de la historia del potentado, y sin que haya
sido preciso renovar los lotes de hombres sabios, ni haber
habido necesidad de hacer caer las cabezas.
Se ha hecho uso de buen sentido desde un principio.
Los terrenos han sido escogidos cuidadosamente. Sus 350
acres comprenden 133 de terrenos de parque, adornados con
céspedes, bosquecillos, caminos plantados de árboles y un
río y lagos descritos por Daniel H. Burnham, Director de
Obras de la Exposición Colombin a, como el lago más bello
del interior del país. Tiene cinco puentes y numerosas islas
ll enas de verdura. El jóven Americano que se case en
1901, no podrá menos de traerá la escogida de su corazón
á la Exposición Pan Americana.
Esta porción de los terrenos del parque será deleitosa
para los que están pasando la luna de miel, fuera de que las

LA CONCEPCIÓN
DE UNA EXPOSICIÓN.

�--,

COPYRIGHT.1900,BYTl-lE: ?AN-AMEl?ICAlt ~POSITION

ca.

EoWARO P. GREEN ARQUITECTO, 8ÚFFALO.

EDIFICIO DE MAQUINARIA Y TRANSPORTES.

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EXPOSICIÓN

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AMERICANA

Cataratas del Niágara no se hallan sino á media hora de
ellos.
El arreglo general ele los terrenos de la Exposición es muy
simple. Sus efectos de arquitectura y de panorama son de
belleza sin igual. Dando un paseo por las principales
Avenidas, no con el fin de estudiar los edificios en sus de­
talles, se tendrá una idea clara del plano. El area es
aproximadamente un rectángulo de 3,000. piés por 5,000. piés.
Es la Exposición más compacta que. se ha fabricado hasta
ahora; pero hay todo el espacio necesario entre los edificios.
Muchas de las personas que visitaron la Exposición Co­
lombina, recordarán, con poco agrado, las grandes distancias
que tuvieron que recorrer. En esta Exposición no habrá
este inconveniente, porque la mayor distancia es de Narte
á Sur y á ambos extremos hay entradas. Por el N arte está la
Estación del Ferrocarril. Por el Sur, ó sea del lado más
cercano de la ciudad, hay un bulevar con mucha sombra,
ó pueden tarnarse botes que atraviezan el lago del parque y
conducen á la gran Avenida, que forma el eje de la construc­
ción. Antes de continuar hacia el N arte, habrá notado el
visitante muchas fases de la Exposición en esta parte de los
terrenos de parque. Si ha entrado por el "Lincoln Parkway",
que es el nombre del bulevar, ha pasado á la izquierda,
antes de llegar al lago, la clásica Galería ele Bellas Artes de
Albright, edificio ele mármol blanco, bello como los templos
ele la Acrópolis de la edad ele oro ele Grecia. Y en verdad,
que en muchos de sus detalles está modelada según el Erech­
theum de Atenas. Esta clonación que lleva el nombre del
patriótico ciudadano que la regaló á la ciudad de Búfalo,

�LA

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servirá de Galería de Bellas Artes á la Exposición, y con­
tendrá pinturas y obras de escultura y de arquitectura por
los mejores artistas, así de los Estados Unidos, residentes en
el país, ó en el extrangero, como las exhibiciones de Bellas
Artes de otros paises Pan Americanos.
Frente á esta Galería de Bellas Artes, á la derecha, ó sea
al Este del bulevar, hay un muelle para botes. Un magnífico
puente nuevo une las dos orillas del lago. A la izquierda,
en la otra orilla de la Bahía del Norte del Lago, se encuentra
el edificio del Estado de Nueva York, estructura permanente
de mármol blanco , que vendrá á ser propiedad de la Sociedad
de Historia de Búfalo al cerrarse la Exposición.
El visitante al proseguir, dejando este edificio á su
izquierda, y la Galería de Bellas Artes á su espalda, llega por
fin al gran paseo que forma el eje del grupo de la Exposición.
Por tres cuartos de milla se extiende delante de él, hacia el
Norte, flanqueado por grandes edificios y terminando en la
gran Torre Eléctrica que tiene 37 5 piés de altura y es el
punto culminante del grupo. Teniendo siempre la Torre
por delante, á medida que avanza el visitante, deja, á la
derecha, los edificios de los Estados y de los países extran­
geros, y á la izquierda los jardines para música, con sus
Atravieza en seguida un
céspedes sembrados de flores.
patio ancho y luego un puente con lagos á los lados y habrá
caminado milpiés cuando asciende una terraza y llega á una
ancha esplanada, que tiene suficiente capacidad para las
evoluciones de un ejército. Pueden reunirse aquí, con
facilidad, 250,000. personas. Frente al visitante hay Cas­
cadas y á lo léjos surge la esbelta y elevada construcción de
la Torre Eléctrica.

TRAVÉS

J)IJ:

El Lago Erie
Philip Martini, Escultor

~;~ri~igJ~;l_I~~
eri can Expo­
sition Company

UN PASEO Á
LOS TERRENOS

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En la Esplanada el visitante se detiene para orientarse.
A su derecha se hallan los edificios de los Estados Unidos
que forman un grupo de tres partes; á su izquierda, las cons­
trucciones destinadas á Selvicultura, Minas, Horticultura y
Artes Gráficas. Cerca de la Avenida principal, y flanque­
·ando la cascada central, hay dos estructuras de cúpulas
simétricas : á la derecha el Edificio ele Etnología y i la
izquierda el Templo ele la Música. Columnatas y céspedes
sembrados ele flores unen estos edificios en armónico grupo
y los embellecen con sus coloridos.
La Plaza ele las
Fuentes, con su gran arca ele agua y sus numerosas fuentes
y cascadas se extiende desde la Esplanacla hasta la Torre
Eléctrica. A cada lacio se encuentran los terrenos destina­
dos á la floricultura, á los cuales se ha ciado el nombre de
Plaza ele los Cipreses y Plaza ele los Lirios. Graneles edi­
ficios se encuentran cerca ele este Iugar ; á saber: el ele
Manufacturas y Artes Liberales y el ele Agricultura i la
derecha ; e 1 ele Maquinarias y Transportes y el ele la Elec­
tricidad á la izquierda, teniendo el visitante, frente por
frente, la Gran Torre Eléctrica, que es la construcción más
elevada y la fase más conspícua ele la Exposición.
Pasa en seguida el visitante á ver nuevas bellezas.
Admirable arreglo ele diversas flores le quitan la monotonía
á la Plaza á que ha llegado. A la derecha está el Estadio
6 sea el Anfiteatro destinado á los "sports," á los juegos y
contiendas atléticas, y á las exhibiciones ele animales vivos
etc., cuyo anfiteatro tiene asientos para 12,000. personas.
Del otro lacio está la entrada ele ese lugar delicioso des­
tinado á las diversiones públicas. Como punto final, tiene

EL ARREGLO
GENERAL

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el visitante, frente así, las Propileas que sirven de salida en la
parte Norte de los terrenos de la Exposición.
Después de haber dado esa recorrida por los terrenos,
demos la espalda al punto á que hemos llegado y lancemos
una mirada con al fin ele apersonarnos de la importancia del
plan. No tomemos por el momento detalles en conside­
ración, sino miremos á lo largo del eje principal y notaremos
que la Torre Eléctrica es nuevamente punto culminante y
que los accesorios ele fuentes, estatuas y artístico arreglo de
flores, con los grupos ele los edificios, más allá, forman un
conjunto armonioso. De esta manera nos apercibimos de
uno de los graneles própositos del arreglo y del porqué
las entradas principales, no son sino dos y están colocadas
á los extremos ele los terrenos ele la Exposición. Ha sido
adoptada esta disposición con el fin ele que, el visitante, al
entrar á los terrenos, por cualesquiera ele las dos entradas,
tenga ele una vez una idea completa y perfecta de ellos. Si
entrara por uno ele los lados, ó por uno de los ángulos del
plano, no sería tan buena la impresión que recibiría.
Es ele notarse también que hay un arreglo lógico y sig­
nificativo en la agrupación ele los edificios. A medida que
hemos avanzado, hacia el Norte, á través ele los terrenos,
hemos notado que á la izquierda de la Esplanacla central,
están colocadas las exhibiciones ele fuentes naturales ele
recursos, tales como, Minería, Selvicultura, Horticultura y
sus semejantes. Del otro lado están las exhibiciones que clán
á conocer el pueblo Americano y sus instituciones, mien­
tras que en otro grupo distinto figura la Maquinaria, y la
Electricidad que testifican el ingenio humano. El espíritu ele
todo esto esta sintetizado y simbolizado por la estatuaria.

LA SIGNIFICACIÓN
DEL PLANO
DE LA EXPOSICIÓN

�V

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MINAS , HORTICULTURA Y ARTES GR,ii.FICAS

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fina en el blanco de marfil y en delicados tintes de color
azul, verde y oro.
Pero aún más impresión causa el adorno escultural de los
terrenos que es de admirable combinación de colores. Hay
no sólo gran riqueza de estatuaria· é inmenso grado de
mérito artístico en cada grupo, sino determinada significa­
ción en el propósito del arreglo que, una vez que el visitante
se ha apercibido ele él, le dá más mérito á la gloria del todo.
Los efectos esculturales prueban nuevamente que la belleza
y la efectividad del arte decorativo consiste generalmente en
la uniformidad del diseño y en la continuidad de su adapta­
ción. Todo escultor eminente de Améraica ha colaborado
aquí; pero todos han trabajado con un propósito precon­
cebido y con una sola inspiración. Grande atención se ha
prestado al bellísimo puente que une los dos lagos. De sus
postes gigantescos, sostenidos por cables, cuelgan escudos
decorados con las banderas y las armas de varios paises
Pan Americanos. Grupos simbólicos ele estatuaria coronan
las columnas y adornan las balaustradas ; y la gran estatua
que domina el puente está flanqueada por efigies que repre­
sentan la hospitalidad, el amor, y la verdad, el patriotismo y
la libertad. Este espléndido diseño que forma un grupo ele
por sí, no es sino parte integrante ele una agrupación
más vasta compuesta de todos los grupos de los
diseños. Prácticamente el plan escultural comprende, por
consiguiente, la reunión de varias ideas asociadas con una
Exposición Americana ; á saber : la nota ele bienvenida, el
reconocimiento ele la dignidad nacional y de los Estados, la
riqueza natural del país y la energía de la inventiva y
de la labor del hombre.

El Hombre Misterioso
Charles Grafiy, Escultor
Copyright,

Ygoo ,

by the Pan-Am­

e rica n Expo ­
sition Company

Los ci neo sentidos
El Hombre Misterioso
Copyright, 1900 ,
by th e Pan-Atn­
e_r_i c an Expo ­
s1t1o n

Company

SIMBOLISMO
DE LA ESCULTURA

�COPYRIGHT,1900,BYTHE PAN -AMERICAN EXPOSITION CO.

UNA ESQUINA

WALTER CooK, ARQUITECTO, NUEVA YORK

DEL ESTADIO .

�HA!\~Y HNU
COPYR'IGHT,1900.BYTHE PAN-AMERICAN EXPOSITJOI'&lt;

ca.

LAS

WALTER

PRO PI LEAS

Coox. ARQUITECTO,

NUEVA YORK

�LA

,

EXPOSICION

LAS CATARATA S
DEL NIÁGARA

PAN

AMERICANA

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EXPOSICIÓN

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AMERICANA

bre este punto están acordes todos los facultativos del mun­
do. Además, la estadística prueba, que la generalidad de las
personas prefieren lugares que tengan panoramas admirables
y condiciones climatéricas ele la mejor clase, lejos, ele toda
región en que reinen fiebres. Tomándose en consideración
todas estas razones, se vé, que la naturaleza ha dotado á
estas regiones de un gran número de puntos para veranear,
hacia el Norte, y ha llenado con agua pura las reservaciones
de los grandes lagos, formando los admirables cañones del Río
Niágara y del St. Lawrence y convirtiendo en una, las ca­
taratas más hermosas y majestuosas que se conocen. De
todo esto podrá disfrutar el turista en sus viajes de verano.
Las Montañas del Adirondack están incluidas en éstos, así
como veinte y tantos hermosos lugares en la parte occi­
dental del Estado de Nueva York y en la ele Ontario.
Búfalo reune todas estas condiciones excepcionales, porque
está colocada á orillas del gran lago Erie y del Río Niágara,
que la proporciona agua de pureza sin igual. Su estado
sanitario es el mejor de los Estados Unidos y su clima, en
verano, es el más fresco. Al derredor ele Búfalo hay gran
número ele lugares interesantes, entre los cuales figuran, en
primer término, las famosas Cataratas del Niágara, que se
hallan á media hora de la ciudad. Estas son fácilmente
accesibles por tranvías eléctricos y vías ferrocarrileras. De
pocos años á esta parte, Búfalo se ha extendido conside­
rablemente hacia las Cataratas y los terrenos ele la Exposición
se encuentran ele ese lado ele la ciudad.
El Gobierno de los Estados Unidos, con mano magistral,
ha cambiado la faz ele los alderredores de las Cataratas, en
estos últimos años. Parques admirables están á la disposi-

EL GRAN CIRCUITO
DEL NORTE DE LUGARES
DE VERANEAR

l

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AMERICANA

ción del público sin gasto alguno; majestuosos puentes y
medios de comunicación rápida, á ínfimo precio, hacen
accesibles para el visitante todos los puntos de interés, á
ambas márgenes del Río Niágara. El cochero de otro
tiempo, los Cicerones persuasivos y los peajes, son cosas que
pertenecen á la historia. Las Cataratas del Niágara han
sido arrebatadas de sus tenaces garras y puestas á la dispo­
sición del público. Se invita, pués, á todos los ciudadanos
del mundo á que vengan á admirar esta proeza de la
naturaleza.
Respecto de este circuito de admirables lugares de ve­
ranear, de que está rodeado Búfalo, diremos, cuanto al Niá­
gara, que el turista no debería contentarse con una corta
permanencia en las Cataratas, porque si desciende á orillas
del río, hasta el lago Ontario, puede disfrutar del panorama
ele la garganta del río hasta más allá del remolino, cuyo
panorama será ele imperecedero recuerdo. En la parte de
la garganta podrá admirar uno ele los puntos más bellos ele
América. Desde Huclson Heights, ó á través del río, en
el campo ele batalla ele Qeenstown Heights, donde se halla
el elevado monumento del General Brock, hay una extensa
visual por sobre el río plateado, que serpentea á través ele
cementeras y viñas hasta el lago Ontario; y más allá, á Jo
lejos y á través del azulado lago, puede verse la nebulosa
línea ele la costa del Norte, donde se halla Toronto. Si el
visitante es partidario ele asuntos históricos, este lugar es de
sumo interés. Aguas arriba y río abajo del Niágara, hay
dos centurias y media ele romántica historia.
Si el visitante se decide á descender de este campo ele
batalla histórico y toma pasaje á bordo de uno ele los

PUNTOS DE INTERÉS
HISTÓRICO EN LAS
CERCANÍAS DE BÚFALO

�PAN

AMERICANA

DOS los Gobiernos y todos los pueblos de
la América del Norte, del Centro y del
Sur, han sido invitados por conducto del
Ministerio de Relaciones Exteriores en
Washington, á tomar parte en la con­
memoración del progreso alcanzado en el
siglo décimo nono, por medio ele una Expo­
sición Pan Americana en la ciudad de
Búfalo, Estado ele Nueva York, del ro ele
mayo al 1 ° de noviembre ele 1901, con el
fin de demostrar, de una manera adecuada,
~
,, ~
~
el adelanto y la civi1ización del He1nisferio
~,l!&gt;nllílAV1l'.)V~Vd OOijJl,!OQc!
Occidental y de estrechar y de fortalecer sus
relaciones de amistad é inaugurar una nueva era de relaciones
sociales y comerciales, al comienzo del siglo vigésimo .
Este folleto y sus ilustraciones pondrán al lector en
capacidad de adquirir gran número de elatos é impresiones
placenteras, si recorre, con calma sus páginas. No encon­
trará ni muchas fechas, ni abundante número de datos
estadísticos.
Se convencerá de que no podrá prescindir ele venir á
Búfalo, á visitar la Exposición Pan Americana de 1901,
porque la situación geográfica de esta ciudad, permite que
se llegue á ella fácilmente ele inmenso número de otros
ªr:;"

•

~

CUARENTA Y CTNCO
1111LLONES DE ALl\lAS
HABITAN Á l\ l EDIA H OR .\
Jlt&lt;: CA1111Nü ])E BÚl&lt;'ALO

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EXPOSICIÓN

PAN

AMERICANA

lugares de los Estados y del Canadá.
Esta aseveración no
es un hiperbolismo de propaganda, sino la más modesta
expresión de la verdad, pues, por una parte, hay mayor
número de habitantes que viven á una jornada de Búfalo,
que de ningún otro lugar del Hemisferio Occidental. Esto
ha sido probado y demostrado más de una vez, y será fácil
convencerse de ello refiriéndose á un mapa de los Estados
Unidos. Con Búfalo como centro, trácese un círculo de un
radio de 500 millas, y se verá que incluye, al Este , á Nueva
York, Boston y Portland; al Oeste, á Chicago, Milwaukee,
Indianapolis, Louisville y Cincinnati; al Sur, á Raleigh y Caro­
lina del Norte, y al Norte el círculo incluye tocias las grandes
ciudades del Canadá, que están al Este del Lago Superior.
San Luis está á orillas del círculo; pero cualquiera persona
puede venir de esta ciudad en 18 horas. Dentro de este
radio de 500 millas y á una jornada de Búfalo, vive la mitad
de la población de los Estados Unidos, y tres cuartas partes
de la del Canadá. Hay, pues, cuarenta millones de almas
que viven dentro de este círculo. Estos son hechos que no
tiene para que recordar el lector; pero lo retamos á que los
olvide.
La naturaleza y los ferrocarriles han hecho que sea
Búfalo, fácilmente accesible en tocios sentidos. Aunque
los ferrocarriles tienen sus usos, no nos ocupemos, por ahora,
de ellos y limitémonos á reflexionar sobre la bella obra de
la naturaleza, que ha hecho de Búfalo lugar en donde pasar
el verano.
Es ya costumbre establecida, al llegar la época de los
calores, buscar lugar de clima más benigno. Este cambio es
no solamente beneficioso, sino necesario para la salud, y so-

BÚFALO,
CENTRO DE
POBLACIÓN Y
SU ACCESIBfLIDAD

���</text>
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          <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
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            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="1850330">
                  <text>Matzinger Collection</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
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            <element elementId="41">
              <name>Description</name>
              <description>An account of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="1851307">
                  <text>On September 6, 1901, President William McKinley was shot twice at close range by anarchist Leon Czolgosz at the Pan-American Exposition in Buffalo, New York. Initially, doctors believed the surgery to remove the bullet was successful, but President McKinley’s health soon deteriorated. He died on September 14, 1901, becoming the third U.S. president to be assassinated. The government commissioned a detailed report to investigate the shooting, surgery, and any underlying infections to address concerns about the cause of McKinley’s death. Dr. Herman Matzinger, a respected medical professional and 1884 University at Buffalo graduate, collaborated with Dr. Harvey Gaylord, a professor of surgical pathology at the university, on the autopsy. Dr. Matzinger conducted a bacteriologic analysis of the bullet wound and surrounding tissues, to determine whether infection or poison played a role in President McKinley’s death. His findings, groundbreaking at the time, concluded that no pathogenic bacteria or poison contributed to the president’s condition. The Matzinger Collection includes a variety of primary documents related to the assassination investigation. Items include Dr. Matzinger’s 17-page notebook with lab notes, his final report on the autopsy, tickets to President McKinley’s funeral service, official death certificate acknowledgment, and personal letters and related ephemera. </text>
                </elementText>
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            </element>
            <element elementId="39">
              <name>Creator</name>
              <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="1852921">
                  <text>Matzinger, Herman G. (Herman Gustavus), 1860-1931</text>
                </elementText>
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                    <text>Services in Memory
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William McKinley
Late President of the United States
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n68 Delaware Avenue
Buffalo
Sunday, September 15th, 1901

{&amp;,~
~

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                <text>Dr. Matzigner's Notes on President McKinley's Case</text>
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                    <text>Report on the bacteriological examination in the cnse of the
late President McKinley.

It is obvious that the short space of time which has elansed
since the death of William McKinley, has hardly been sufficient to prepare a cornnlete and thorough bacter1£logical report.

The surgeons,

however, Pre anxious to publish a history of the case in all its phases,
as soon as possible,and urge that the bacteriological findings up to
date shall be incorporated.
On September 11th, during the life of the president, cultures
were mrde by Dr. Wasdin, from the base of the abdominal wou..--id and from
dressings removed at the same

ti □e.

These were subMitted to me for

examin~tjon and showed the presence of the ordinory pus organisms:
staphylococcus, p.aureus, and cereus ulbus, with a gas forming bacillus
which, in riure anaerobic culture on glucose gelatine, forms small,pearly,
translucent colonies with no liquefaction.
acid but no coagulation.

On litmus milk it -produces

Morpholog1~ally it is apparently a capsulated

short bacillus, which takes stains poorly, and which does not stain by
Gram's method.

Inoculated into the ear vein of a rabbit, which Vlras

killed immediately afterward , it produced, after twenty fowr hours in
the body of ~,he rabbit, a marked accumulation of gas in the organs and

again

grew out in pure culture.

As yet the orga.."'lism is not fully iden­

tified.
None of these c~ltures showed streptococci.

A bacterium which

�2.

appears to be one of the proteus group was, however, isolated, which does
not stain by Gram and appears in vbrying forms, sometimes small oval,
and again quite rod-shaped and in short chains .

Sometimes it 1s sur-

rounded ,111ith a slimy covering, which remains clear liKe a capsule when
the organism is stained.

On slanting agar it produces a whitish, slimy

growth which gradually runs to the bottom of the slant and produces an
odor of decomposition.
c:Pid

On gelatjne it grows very slowly with slight

slow indication of liquefaction.

In 11 tnus milk it produces acid

ano rapid coagulation.
At the time of the autopsy, Septe!!lber 14th, inoculations were
made by myself.
number o~

From the base of the wound there was a~ajn obtained a
~

pus orga.~isms, principally tri&lt;re white staphylococcus and the

b~tcterium describAd above, but no streptococci .

Cultures !!lade from

the nBrj_toneal surfnce of the intestj_nes were entirely negative.

Cul-

tures made from the under surface of the omentum near the colon, were
entirely nega:j_ve, both with a.T1d without oxygen.
blood of the right auricle vere likewise negative .

Cultures from the
A ,1 ery careful and

ext,e:nsive search for micro- organjsms in the contents of the necro:-ic
cavity, be~ind the stomach, reveals nothing but a short, stumpy bac­
te:riun, which, as far as the work has been cBrried at present, anpears
to belong

t0

the proteus group, and is very like the proteus hominis

capsulatus described by Bordoni and Uffreduzzi .

·, ~orphologj cally it is

not uniform and sometines appears almost encapsulated, being surrounded

�3.

by material that does not stain, is quite refra cto r y to Gram and pro­
dur.es an odor of decomposition as it grows .

It does not liquefy gel­

atine ra~idly and grows slowly , as a glistening white elevated surface
growth which slowly sinks, but on agar in the thermostat it grows very
ranidly, as a moist , grayish white, translucent mass .
atj_ne plates have
ti ,re.

t'.1

Colonies on gel-

clean circumference, are grarmlar and quite refrac­

In litmus mtlk it produces acid and rapid coagulat~on. /~ Animal

'X, experiments are still incor1plete and cannot be published at this time .

'A

}\ Cultures made from ~he small area of broken down tissue under the chest
wound, at the time of the autopsy, grew what appears to be the staph~l­
lococous epidermidis albus described by Dr . ¼elch .
The Rlimy, gray , ne c rotic material from the cavity above the
transverse ri1esocolon behind the stomach was carefully cxe.Mined micro­
scopi0elly, with t-,r.e result thnt very few Micro- organisms were found in
the fresh state, and no recognizable tissue elements of any kind , no
_ _ _ _____coc~.rtes or pus corpuscles, but an abundance of crystals, which appeared morP like fat~y acid than fat cryst8ls .

It contained no free hydro-

chloric acid and wr:rn alkaline in reaction.
tive power were negative .

Experiments as to its diges-

About two cubic centimeters of this material

were injected into the space behind the stomach of a dog (st111 living )
vrit,h no results except quite an elevated temperature for three or f'our
days .

Other animal experiments are still incomplete .
It

might be well to s tatc here

thfi

t the

tD

cteriological exam­

ination of the cha1"'1be-rs and barrel of the weapon used , as well as the

�It oust be stated that there is occ"'sion for suspect i ng that
is :nay be a C()ntamination, either fron the outer wound or c_, sewhere,

,cause, quite unavoi0ably, the technique of obtaining the

r ri

•ltures from the necrotic ~av ity was not absolu~ely correct .

terial and

�4.

emnty shells and cartridges, ordered by the District Attorney , was en­
tirel:r negative, except that f:rom a loaded cartridge there was gro'M1 an
orcli:.iury st, aphylococcus and a mould .

The chemical examination of the

( ~.it.)
bnlance of ~he loec ea. cart ridges, made by Dr . Hill f\,wus also negative .

The absence of known pathoge~ic bacteria, particularly in the
t ecrotic c8vi ty, warrants the conclusion that bncterial infection

was

not a factor in the production of the conditions found at the autopsy .

H. G. Matzinger.
51() Franklin st .

Bu~~alo, N.Y., Sept.30, 1901 .

�</text>
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                  <text>On September 6, 1901, President William McKinley was shot twice at close range by anarchist Leon Czolgosz at the Pan-American Exposition in Buffalo, New York. Initially, doctors believed the surgery to remove the bullet was successful, but President McKinley’s health soon deteriorated. He died on September 14, 1901, becoming the third U.S. president to be assassinated. The government commissioned a detailed report to investigate the shooting, surgery, and any underlying infections to address concerns about the cause of McKinley’s death. Dr. Herman Matzinger, a respected medical professional and 1884 University at Buffalo graduate, collaborated with Dr. Harvey Gaylord, a professor of surgical pathology at the university, on the autopsy. Dr. Matzinger conducted a bacteriologic analysis of the bullet wound and surrounding tissues, to determine whether infection or poison played a role in President McKinley’s death. His findings, groundbreaking at the time, concluded that no pathogenic bacteria or poison contributed to the president’s condition. The Matzinger Collection includes a variety of primary documents related to the assassination investigation. Items include Dr. Matzinger’s 17-page notebook with lab notes, his final report on the autopsy, tickets to President McKinley’s funeral service, official death certificate acknowledgment, and personal letters and related ephemera. </text>
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                <text>Matzinger, Herman G. (Herman Gustavus), 1860-1931</text>
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                <text>Report on the bacteriological examination in the case of the late President McKinley</text>
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                <text>NO COPYRIGHT – UNITED STATES. The organization that has made the Item available believes that the Item is in the Public Domain under the laws of the United States, but a determination was not made as to its copyright status under the copyright laws of other countries. The Item may not be in the Public Domain under the laws of other countries. Please refer to the organization that has made the Item available for more information. https://rightsstatements.org/page/NoC-US/1.0/</text>
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                <text>Typewritten draft of a report on the bacteriological examination of President William McKinley, in case the president was killed by some sort of bacterial infection (1 page).</text>
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WASHINGTON, "
October 4 , 1901.
U.S. NAVAL DISPENSARY,
2031 F STREET, N, W

Dr. H. G. Metzinger,
519 Frankl i n Street ,
Buffalo, N. Y.
l ty dear Doc tor:

Your letter enclosing copy of death certificate, and yours of
Oct. 2d , received .

I kne w that you had your hands full, and upon.

receipt of your let t er of Sept . 24 th I quoted from it , and sent my
r eport in.

I now propose, with the permission of the Surgeon-General,

to add to those quotations the last paragraph of your report of Oct . 2 .
Your report in full, with t hose special accoun t s of the operation, etc .
can be added bef ore publication, if d esired by my colleagues.
Yours very sincerely ,

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                    <text>, J!'orm

~THE

·/
WESTERN 1JNIQ1\T ~ JE LEGRAPJI -COMPJl.NY.

f

•

----

INCORPO ' IATED

21,000 OFFICES IN AMERICA.

CA HLE SERVICE TO ALL THE WORLD.

. _. '

This Company TRANSMITS and DELIVERS messages only on conditions limiting its liability, which have been assented to by the s e n d e P ~
Errors can be guarded against only by repeating a message back to the sending statfon for comparison, and the Company will not ho! -itself liable fo r errors or dela '
In transmission or delivery of Unre peated MeHagea, .beyond the amount of tolls paid,'t.uereon, norm any case where the claim is not p, nted. u1 writing within sixty- ,
after the message is filed with the Com)?any for transmission.
•
'
S◄'
._,I
This is an UNREPEATED MES~AGE, and is delivered by request of the sende1,, under the conditions named above.
THOS. T. ECKE;,RT, Preside~1t and General Manager.

og-

REOEfVEDat

BU 129 DO NF. # 9 _Pai d Gov • t ., Via AN &amp; GO
I

Dr . H. Y. Ma.tsinger ,
458 Lafaye.,
ve ., Buff alo , N. Y.
TTy 546 Lai2" et :'.te Ave .
I

I

Dr . Rixey request s me ask yo

t o "',end t o him at Canton as soon as
I

po ssi bl e you.r__ch~ic-al - bact6'!'oli~:/ _,al an ~ mi~!'o.acopical repqrt rr.s ~
McKinl ey

1s

bear ing up

swel l

s .coul o be expected.

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                <text>A large wooden deck surface is covered with an organized grid of steel rebar in preparation for a concrete pour. Two individuals are seated on the left side of the frame, reviewing construction plans. To the left, a worker stands near a ladder and additional framing materials. Electrical conduit or tensioning ducts run across the rebar grid. In the background, stacks of lumber, construction tools, partially built columns, and parked vehicles are visible, indicating active building activity.</text>
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                <text>William S. Huff collection on Louis I. Kahn. MS-0139-0001</text>
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William S. Huff, Professor Emeritus of Architecture at the University at Buffalo, was a student at Yale in 1951 when he first met Louis Kahn. It is when Huff saw the completed Yale Art Gallery that he knew he wanted to work with Kahn. Huff worked in Kahn’s office between 1958 and 1960 and during the summers of 1961 and 1962.&#13;
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These photographs are part of the Louis I. Kahn Collection in the University Archives of Special Collections which was presented by Professor Huff.</text>
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                <text>State University of New York at Buffalo. University Archives</text>
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                <text>&lt;a href="https://rightsstatements.org/page/CNE/1.0/"&gt;COPYRIGHT NOT EVALUATED&lt;/a&gt;. The copyright and related rights status of this Item has not been evaluated. Please refer to the organization that has made the Item available for more information. You are free to use this Item in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use.  This digital collection is made available for research and educational purposes. Researchers are responsible for determining copyright status, and securing permissions for use and publication of any material. Copyright for items in this collection may be held by the creators, their heirs, or assigns. Researchers are required to obtain written permission from copyright holders and the University Archives prior to reproducing or publishing materials, including images and quotations. For inquiries about reproduction requests and permissions, please contact the &lt;a href="http://library.buffalo.edu/archives/"&gt;University Archives&lt;/a&gt;.  If you believe material in our digital collections infringes copyright or other rights, please review our &lt;a href="https://library.buffalo.edu/about/policies/information-use/notice-and-takedown-policy.html"&gt;Notice and Takedown Policy&lt;/a&gt; for information on how to report your concern.</text>
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