19 100 60586 https://digital.lib.buffalo.edu/files/original/61a71fb07794ac15445c65cc549912a4.pdf 73c3be0a77da592bfc49a193b28cf08c PDF Text Text 5c. Buffalo, N. Y., Saturday, August 3, 1901, 5c, Official Daily Program of the Pan-American Exposition Pan-American Program Co., Room 3, Gallery, Bazaar Building, Exposition Grounds �Official Program. 2 Midway Day. Gates open from 8 A. M. to 11 P. M. Exhibit Buildings open from 8:30 A. M. to 10 P. M. Fine Arts building open from 8:30 A. M. to 6:30 P. M. U. S. Government Building open from 9 A. M. to 6 P. M. Eevator in Electric Tower runs from 9 A. M. to 10 P. M. Electric Fountain, North Bay, Park Lake, 8:45 to 10 P. M. Illumination Electric Tower and Grounds at 8:15 P. M. Full Program of Midway Day Jollities begins on Page 14. Musical 2 to 4 P. M. Program for Midway Day. Afternoon. STADIUM, Scinta’s Band. S. Scinta, Conductor. 1 March, “The Charlatan”2 Overture, “Fra Diavolo”3 Baritone Solo, “Polka Variata”4 Lurlin Dance.5 Coronet Duet, “The Palms”Messrs. A. H. Knoll and Marie McNeill, Sousa Aubre Hartmann J. W. Bratton Laure Intermission, 10 Minutes. 6 Selection, “Burgomaster”7 Waltz, “My Lady Love”8 Selection from “Gindea’s Opera”9 “The Holy City”10 March, “Hands Across the Sea”- W. H. Mackie Posey Mecca S. Adams Sousa For location of bund-stands, buildings, sanitary accommodations restaurants see up-to-date map on last page 3 to 5 P. M. Stadium. Hecker's Elgin Baud, Elgin, Illinois. J. Hecker, Conductor. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 March, “Carporama”Overture, “All Hands on Deck"Valse, “Gypsies”Cornet Solo, Selected Mr. E. E. Nickerson. Ballet music from “Faust”"Reminiscences of All Nations"Mazurka, “Caprice”Galop, “Fairy City”- 4 p: M. Hecker Suppe Crowe Gounod Godfrey Hecker Hecker Temple Of Music 73d Free Organ Recital. Hamlin H. Hunt, Minneapolis. 1 Grand Chorus in A flat2 Toccata and Fugue in D minor3 Benediction Nuptials4 Senate No. 5 opus 80.Allegro appassionato. Adagio. Scherzo. 5 Andante Cantible from Fourth Symphony6 Allegretto.7 Autumn Sketch.8 Overture, “Euryanthe”- Salome Bach Hollins Guilmant Widor Wolstenholme Brewer Weber Only Complete and up-to-date map of Exposition Grounds—see last page. �Official Program. 27 Midway Day Program Continued. Grand Cake Walk of Nations. Streets of Mexico—Senorita La Coca and Senor Marina Laglara; Senorita Pablonita and Senor Joaquin Bringus. Philippine Village - Senor Felice Durano add Senorita Breda Felipe. Fair Japan—One couple. Hawaiian Village-Afrikailo and Kemo-Kemo. Indian Congress—Princess Neola and Fish-Carrier. Akoun’s Beautiful Orient- LaBelle Carmen and Baccarat; One couple Cin galese; One couple Turks. Venice in America- Lena Morgama and Frank Pieri. " Old Plantation—Winnie Thomas and Bob Damson; Pickanninies Essie Wallace and Newt Wallace, Around the World—Miss Geraldine Cook and flurry Russell. Moorish Palace— Chas. Manton and Miss Alice Gay. “Sweet Cider Co.—Sis Hopkins and Reuben Glue. Gypsy Camp—Senorita Grace and Senor Davenport. Land of Midnight Sun—Maggie Murphy and Klondike Pete, Ideal Palace—The Great Unknowns. House Upside Down- Ki - Ki and Rube Russell. Lubin's Cineograph-Champion cake-walkers of Philadelphia. Esquimaux Village—Alukt Mekink and Aulalsiki. The Stadium Performance Will Close With A Flight of 10,000 Homing Pigeons, carrying to all the world and the rest of mankind, greetings from the Pan-American Exposition. (Program Continued on Page 30.) Only complete and up-to-date map of Exposition Grounds- see last page. � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Pan-American Exposition of 1901 Description An account of the resource The Pan-American Exposition was held in Buffalo, New York from May 1 to November 2, 1901. Buffalo was chosen as the location because of its size (at the time it was the eighth largest city in the U.S. with a population of approximately 350,000) and also because of its well suited railway connections. The grounds spread across 342 acres and were located between Delaware Park Lake to the south, the New York Central railroad track to the north, Delaware Avenue to the east, and Elmwood Avenue to the west. The Exposition included educational exhibits as well as a Midway. The educational exhibits showcased the latest advancements in technology, most notably electricity. A major feature was electric lighting which utilized hydroelectric power generated in nearby Niagara Falls. Many of the Exposition buildings, including the prominent Electric Tower, were covered in light-bulbs creating a beautiful and unprecedented sight. The Pan-American Exposition also hosted some of the top engine manufacturers of the time. These companies provided “working exhibits” that actually functioned in the day-to-day operation of the Exposition. The Midway at the Pan-American Exposition provided visitors with entertainment and consisted of more than 42 exhibits. Some of the main attractions of the Midway included the “House Upside Down,” “Cleopatra’s Temple”, and the “Foreign Villages.” The Pan-American Exposition is most widely known as the location of President McKinley’s assassination. On September 6, 1901, while in a receiving line at the Exposition’s Temple of Music, President McKinley was shot twice by anarchist, Leon Czolgosz. McKinley was taken to the Exposition’s hospital where he was operated on by a number of prominent Buffalo surgeons including Roswell Park. The President was then taken to the home of John Milburn, head of the Exposition’s Board of Directors, to recover. After his condition appeared to improve, McKinley eventually died on September 14, 1901 in the Milburn home due to infection and gangrene from the gun shot wounds. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context LIB-005 Subject The topic of the resource Pan-American Exposition (1901 : Buffalo, N.Y.) Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived State University of New York at Buffalo. University Archives Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available State University of New York at Buffalo. University Libraries Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Document A resource containing textual data. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre text. Original Format If the image is of an object, state the type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data Programs Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context LIB-005_0437 Is Part Of A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included. LIB-005 Pan-American Exposition of 1901. LIB-005 Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Book covers, Exhibition catalogs, Promotional materials, Souvenirs Title A name given to the resource Portions of the Midway Day Program Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Source: Official Daily Program of the Pan-American Exposition - "Midway Day" (August 3, 1901). Buffalo, N.Y.: The Exposition Company, 1901. Description An account of the resource On Exposition Grounds This image is the front cover of the Souvenir Edition of the Official Daily Program for the Pan-American Exposition. This particular program contains information for events on August 3, 1901. Subject The topic of the resource Pan-American Exposition (1901:Buffalo) Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="https://rightsstatements.org/page/NoC-US/1.0/">NO COPYRIGHT – UNITED STATES</a>. The organization that has made the Item available believes that the Item is in the Public Domain under the laws of the United States, but a determination was not made as to its copyright status under the copyright laws of other countries. The Item may not be in the Public Domain under the laws of other countries. Please refer to the organization that has made the Item available for more information. Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available State University of New York at Buffalo. University Libraries Midway program souvenir https://digital.lib.buffalo.edu/files/original/7e8e07d4e04a876c8464a8b4a49c1c39.jpg a0eac762731dc450630e5e37fe8cf2af Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Description An account of the resource Wooden building with porch next to a tall log bell tower. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Pan-American Exposition of 1901 Description An account of the resource The Pan-American Exposition was held in Buffalo, New York from May 1 to November 2, 1901. Buffalo was chosen as the location because of its size (at the time it was the eighth largest city in the U.S. with a population of approximately 350,000) and also because of its well suited railway connections. The grounds spread across 342 acres and were located between Delaware Park Lake to the south, the New York Central railroad track to the north, Delaware Avenue to the east, and Elmwood Avenue to the west. The Exposition included educational exhibits as well as a Midway. The educational exhibits showcased the latest advancements in technology, most notably electricity. A major feature was electric lighting which utilized hydroelectric power generated in nearby Niagara Falls. Many of the Exposition buildings, including the prominent Electric Tower, were covered in light-bulbs creating a beautiful and unprecedented sight. The Pan-American Exposition also hosted some of the top engine manufacturers of the time. These companies provided “working exhibits” that actually functioned in the day-to-day operation of the Exposition. The Midway at the Pan-American Exposition provided visitors with entertainment and consisted of more than 42 exhibits. Some of the main attractions of the Midway included the “House Upside Down,” “Cleopatra’s Temple”, and the “Foreign Villages.” The Pan-American Exposition is most widely known as the location of President McKinley’s assassination. On September 6, 1901, while in a receiving line at the Exposition’s Temple of Music, President McKinley was shot twice by anarchist, Leon Czolgosz. McKinley was taken to the Exposition’s hospital where he was operated on by a number of prominent Buffalo surgeons including Roswell Park. The President was then taken to the home of John Milburn, head of the Exposition’s Board of Directors, to recover. After his condition appeared to improve, McKinley eventually died on September 14, 1901 in the Milburn home due to infection and gangrene from the gun shot wounds. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context LIB-005 Subject The topic of the resource Pan-American Exposition (1901 : Buffalo, N.Y.) Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived State University of New York at Buffalo. University Archives Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available State University of New York at Buffalo. University Libraries Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Still Image A static visual representation. Examples of still images are: paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type "text" to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context LIB-005_0436 Is Part Of A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included. LIB-005 Pan-American Exposition of 1901. LIB-005 Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Title A name given to the resource The Alaska Building Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Source: The Latest and Best Views of the Pan-American Exposition. Buffalo, N.Y.: Robert Allan Reid, 1901. Courtesy of Kerry S. Grant. Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Buffalo (N.Y.) Description An account of the resource On Exposition Grounds Exterior views This is an exterior view of the Alaska Building. Visitors around and approaching the structure give scale to the building's size. A wooden building with a gabled roof and covered porch stands beside a tall log bell tower topped with a cross. Several people are walking in the foreground near the entrance. Subject The topic of the resource Exhibition buildings--New York (State)--Buffalo Pan-American Exposition (1901:Buffalo)--Buildings Pan-American Exposition--(1901:Buffalo, N.Y.)--Alaska Building. Pan-American Exposition--(1901:Buffalo, N.Y.)--Buildings Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="https://rightsstatements.org/page/NoC-US/1.0/">NO COPYRIGHT – UNITED STATES</a>. The organization that has made the Item available believes that the Item is in the Public Domain under the laws of the United States, but a determination was not made as to its copyright status under the copyright laws of other countries. The Item may not be in the Public Domain under the laws of other countries. Please refer to the organization that has made the Item available for more information. Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available State University of New York at Buffalo. University Libraries Alaska https://digital.lib.buffalo.edu/files/original/2cff1a43edd8d39e213d4b790e843b62.jpg 02f8bc04a2f8493c1cae8b4d896b9f20 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Description An account of the resource Group of uniformed band members with instruments standing before a large ornate doorway. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Pan-American Exposition of 1901 Description An account of the resource The Pan-American Exposition was held in Buffalo, New York from May 1 to November 2, 1901. Buffalo was chosen as the location because of its size (at the time it was the eighth largest city in the U.S. with a population of approximately 350,000) and also because of its well suited railway connections. The grounds spread across 342 acres and were located between Delaware Park Lake to the south, the New York Central railroad track to the north, Delaware Avenue to the east, and Elmwood Avenue to the west. The Exposition included educational exhibits as well as a Midway. The educational exhibits showcased the latest advancements in technology, most notably electricity. A major feature was electric lighting which utilized hydroelectric power generated in nearby Niagara Falls. Many of the Exposition buildings, including the prominent Electric Tower, were covered in light-bulbs creating a beautiful and unprecedented sight. The Pan-American Exposition also hosted some of the top engine manufacturers of the time. These companies provided “working exhibits” that actually functioned in the day-to-day operation of the Exposition. The Midway at the Pan-American Exposition provided visitors with entertainment and consisted of more than 42 exhibits. Some of the main attractions of the Midway included the “House Upside Down,” “Cleopatra’s Temple”, and the “Foreign Villages.” The Pan-American Exposition is most widely known as the location of President McKinley’s assassination. On September 6, 1901, while in a receiving line at the Exposition’s Temple of Music, President McKinley was shot twice by anarchist, Leon Czolgosz. McKinley was taken to the Exposition’s hospital where he was operated on by a number of prominent Buffalo surgeons including Roswell Park. The President was then taken to the home of John Milburn, head of the Exposition’s Board of Directors, to recover. After his condition appeared to improve, McKinley eventually died on September 14, 1901 in the Milburn home due to infection and gangrene from the gun shot wounds. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context LIB-005 Subject The topic of the resource Pan-American Exposition (1901 : Buffalo, N.Y.) Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived State University of New York at Buffalo. University Archives Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available State University of New York at Buffalo. University Libraries Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Still Image A static visual representation. Examples of still images are: paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type "text" to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context LIB-005_0435 Is Part Of A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included. LIB-005 Pan-American Exposition of 1901. LIB-005 Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Photographic prints Title A name given to the resource 71st Regiment Band Description An account of the resource On Exposition Grounds Photograph of the 71st Regiment Band from New York, NY. Directed by Francesco Fanciulli. A large group of uniformed band members stand in formation holding instruments in front of an ornate arched doorway with carved wooden doors and stone columns. Subject The topic of the resource Bands (Music)--New York (State)--New York Conductors (Music)--United States Pan-American Exposition--(1901:Buffalo, N.Y.) --Songs and music 71st Regiment Band (New York, N.Y.) Pan-American Exposition (1901 : Buffalo, N.Y.) Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="https://rightsstatements.org/page/NoC-US/1.0/">NO COPYRIGHT – UNITED STATES</a>. The organization that has made the Item available believes that the Item is in the Public Domain under the laws of the United States, but a determination was not made as to its copyright status under the copyright laws of other countries. The Item may not be in the Public Domain under the laws of other countries. Please refer to the organization that has made the Item available for more information. Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available State University of New York at Buffalo. University Libraries american music band Francesco Fanciulli New York Regiment https://digital.lib.buffalo.edu/files/original/f6c82462767c26696c85d2c276b28225.pdf 690418f52eee57252c17b4322e95638a PDF Text Text Independence day music. Afternoon- Continued. 2:30 to 5 P. M. Stadium. 65th Regiment, N. G. N. Y., Band. John Powell, Conductor. 1 2 3 4 March, "Old Glory". Overture, “America”. Gems from “Florodora”. a. Patrol, “National”. b. " The Ambuscade”. 5 Excerpts from “The Rounder". Masten Totani Stuart Fanciulli Laurendeau Englander Intermission, 10 Minutes. 6 7 8 9 10 March from the Opera “Aida”. Overture, “Semiramide”. “Tone Pictures of the North and South”. Scenes Popular, “For Old Times Sake”. Galop, “Night Express”. Verdi Rossini Bendix Harris Rollinson �8:30 to 10 P. M. Casino Band-Stand. 65th Regiment, N. G. N. Y., Band. John Powell, Conductor. 1 2 3 4 5 March, "Ideal American”. Chambers Overture, “National”. Moses Fantasia, “Hunt for Happiness”. Brande Gems from “The Fortune Teller”. Herbert a. Serenade "Passacalle”. Gregh b. Patrol, “Blue and Grey”. Dalbey Intermission, 10 Minutes. 6 Overture, “Stradella”. 7 Suite, “Forest Ranger’s Courtship”. 8 Waltz, “Carmen”. 9 Selection from the Opera “Foxy Quillet". 10 Fantasia, “Reminiscences”. (See page 11 for list of future musical events.) Flotow Eilenberg Bizet DeKoven Bendix �Official Program. Music 3 for July 9th. Morning. 10:30 A. M. to 1 P. M. West Esplanade Band-Stand 65th Regiment, N. G. N. Y., Band. John Powell, Conductor, 1 Overture, “Barber of Seville”. 2 Gems from “The Singing Girl”. 3 a. “Pan-American March”. b. March, “The Buffalo". 4 “Invitation a la Valse”. 5 Waltz, “Wine, Women and Song”. Intermission, 10 Minutes. 6 Excerpts from “Maritana". 7 Gavotte, “Sincerity”. 8 Selection, “Faust”. 9 “Hungarian Fantasia”. 10 March, “The Electric Century”. Rossini Herbert Weiss Brooks Weber Strauss Wallace Voelker Gounod Tobani Fanciulli �3:30 to 6 P. M. Lake Shore, Near Art Building. 65th Regiment, N. G. N. V., Band. John Powell, Conductor. 1 Overture, “Festivial”. 2 Excerpts from “The Monks of Malabar”. 3 “Minstrelesque Minglings” Voelker 4 a. “Patrol of the Guardsmen". b. "Ambuscade". 5 Waltz from “Carmen". Intermission, 10 Minutes 6 Suite, ballet music from “Faust". 7 Selection from “The Bohemian Girl”. 8 Wedding March from “Lohengrin". 9 Overture, “Pique Dame”. 10 March, “The Invincible Eagle”. Lautner Englaender Losey Larendeau Bizet Gounod Balfe Wagner Suppe Sousa �Afternoon. 1:00 to 3:30 P. M. Eeat Esplanade Band-Stand. 65th Regiment, N. G. N. Y., Band. John Powell, Conductor, 1 March, "Triumphal". Mancinelli 2 Overture, “Poet and Peasant". Suppe 3 a. Salambo, “Intermezzo". Morse b. “Passacalle". Gregh 4 Excerpts from “The Idol’s Eye". Herbert 5 Waltz, “Wedding of the Winds". Hall Intermission, 10 Minutes 6 “Reminiscences of Scotland". Godfrey 7 a. “La Belladora". Nehl b. March, “The Buffalo”. Brooks 8 Selection, “Carmen''. Bizet 9 “Der Tambour der Garde”. Title 10 Galop, “Infernal"Keler-Bela �2:30 to 5:00 P. M Casino Band-Stand. 65th Regiment, N. G. N. Y. Band. John Powell, Conductor, 1 March, “Our Nation's Guard”. Brooks 2 Overture, “Der Tambour der Guard”. Titi 3 “Musical Jokes”.Hamm Introducing Gems of Operas, 4 Fantasia, “A Slimmer Day in Norway”. Willmers 5 Waltz, “Adlyn”. Hall Intermission, 10 Minutes. 6 March, “The Fox Hunters”. 7 Gems of Stephen Foster. 8 Excerpts from “The Burgomaster”. 9 Dance, “La Moraina”. 10 March, “Coronation ” from “The Prophet”. Penn Tobani Luders Espinosa Meyerbeer �7:30 to 10 P. M. Casino Band-Stand. 65th Regiment, N. G. N. Y., Band. John Powell, Conductor. 1 Grand March. “La Remi de Saba". 2 Overture, “Barber of Seville”. 3 a Ballet music from “Naila". b. Patrol, "National". 4 Selection, “Carmen”. 5 Waltz, “Vienna Woods”. Intermission, 10 Minutes. 6 Prelude from 3rd Act, “Lohengrin”. 7 Fantasia for Piccolo, “The Mocking Bird”. Mr. R. W. D' Anna. 8 Selection, “Il Trovatore”. 9 “Danse des Sultanes”. 10 Invocation to Battle “Renzi”. Gounod Rossini Delbis Losey Bizet Strauss Wagner Mollenhaur Verdi Daniels Wagner � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Pan-American Exposition of 1901 Description An account of the resource The Pan-American Exposition was held in Buffalo, New York from May 1 to November 2, 1901. Buffalo was chosen as the location because of its size (at the time it was the eighth largest city in the U.S. with a population of approximately 350,000) and also because of its well suited railway connections. The grounds spread across 342 acres and were located between Delaware Park Lake to the south, the New York Central railroad track to the north, Delaware Avenue to the east, and Elmwood Avenue to the west. The Exposition included educational exhibits as well as a Midway. The educational exhibits showcased the latest advancements in technology, most notably electricity. A major feature was electric lighting which utilized hydroelectric power generated in nearby Niagara Falls. Many of the Exposition buildings, including the prominent Electric Tower, were covered in light-bulbs creating a beautiful and unprecedented sight. The Pan-American Exposition also hosted some of the top engine manufacturers of the time. These companies provided “working exhibits” that actually functioned in the day-to-day operation of the Exposition. The Midway at the Pan-American Exposition provided visitors with entertainment and consisted of more than 42 exhibits. Some of the main attractions of the Midway included the “House Upside Down,” “Cleopatra’s Temple”, and the “Foreign Villages.” The Pan-American Exposition is most widely known as the location of President McKinley’s assassination. On September 6, 1901, while in a receiving line at the Exposition’s Temple of Music, President McKinley was shot twice by anarchist, Leon Czolgosz. McKinley was taken to the Exposition’s hospital where he was operated on by a number of prominent Buffalo surgeons including Roswell Park. The President was then taken to the home of John Milburn, head of the Exposition’s Board of Directors, to recover. After his condition appeared to improve, McKinley eventually died on September 14, 1901 in the Milburn home due to infection and gangrene from the gun shot wounds. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context LIB-005 Subject The topic of the resource Pan-American Exposition (1901 : Buffalo, N.Y.) Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived State University of New York at Buffalo. University Archives Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available State University of New York at Buffalo. University Libraries Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Document A resource containing textual data. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre text. Original Format If the image is of an object, state the type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data Programs Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context LIB-005_0434 Is Part Of A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included. LIB-005 Pan-American Exposition of 1901. LIB-005 Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Photocopies Title A name given to the resource Schedule of the 65th Regiment Band Subject The topic of the resource Bands (Music)--New York (State)--Buffalo Conductors (Music)--United States 65th Regiment Band (Buffalo, N.Y.) Pan-American Exposition--(1901:Buffalo, N.Y.) --Songs and music Pan-American Exposition (1901 : Buffalo, N.Y.) Description An account of the resource Photocopy of the schedule of the 65th Regiment Band - July 4, 1901. Page 1 of 2 (2:30 - 5 PM). Conducted by John Powell. Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="https://rightsstatements.org/page/NoC-US/1.0/">NO COPYRIGHT – UNITED STATES</a>. The organization that has made the Item available believes that the Item is in the Public Domain under the laws of the United States, but a determination was not made as to its copyright status under the copyright laws of other countries. The Item may not be in the Public Domain under the laws of other countries. Please refer to the organization that has made the Item available for more information. Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available State University of New York at Buffalo. University Libraries american music band conductor Independence Day July marches Music old glory overtures Regiment Schedule Verdi https://digital.lib.buffalo.edu/files/original/38bb2ff270ee75a8b14dc1e950044df3.jpg 6079d00e2d480ac9a09a5da2f7553dc9 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource A large band in uniform, seated with their instruments, and a conductor standing in the center. Description An account of the resource Uniformed band seated in semicircle with conductor standing in front. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Pan-American Exposition of 1901 Description An account of the resource The Pan-American Exposition was held in Buffalo, New York from May 1 to November 2, 1901. Buffalo was chosen as the location because of its size (at the time it was the eighth largest city in the U.S. with a population of approximately 350,000) and also because of its well suited railway connections. The grounds spread across 342 acres and were located between Delaware Park Lake to the south, the New York Central railroad track to the north, Delaware Avenue to the east, and Elmwood Avenue to the west. The Exposition included educational exhibits as well as a Midway. The educational exhibits showcased the latest advancements in technology, most notably electricity. A major feature was electric lighting which utilized hydroelectric power generated in nearby Niagara Falls. Many of the Exposition buildings, including the prominent Electric Tower, were covered in light-bulbs creating a beautiful and unprecedented sight. The Pan-American Exposition also hosted some of the top engine manufacturers of the time. These companies provided “working exhibits” that actually functioned in the day-to-day operation of the Exposition. The Midway at the Pan-American Exposition provided visitors with entertainment and consisted of more than 42 exhibits. Some of the main attractions of the Midway included the “House Upside Down,” “Cleopatra’s Temple”, and the “Foreign Villages.” The Pan-American Exposition is most widely known as the location of President McKinley’s assassination. On September 6, 1901, while in a receiving line at the Exposition’s Temple of Music, President McKinley was shot twice by anarchist, Leon Czolgosz. McKinley was taken to the Exposition’s hospital where he was operated on by a number of prominent Buffalo surgeons including Roswell Park. The President was then taken to the home of John Milburn, head of the Exposition’s Board of Directors, to recover. After his condition appeared to improve, McKinley eventually died on September 14, 1901 in the Milburn home due to infection and gangrene from the gun shot wounds. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context LIB-005 Subject The topic of the resource Pan-American Exposition (1901 : Buffalo, N.Y.) Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived State University of New York at Buffalo. University Archives Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available State University of New York at Buffalo. University Libraries Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Still Image A static visual representation. Examples of still images are: paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type "text" to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context LIB-005_0433 Is Part Of A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included. LIB-005 Pan-American Exposition of 1901. LIB-005 Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Photographic prints Title A name given to the resource 65th Regiment Band Subject The topic of the resource Bands (Music)--New York (State)--Buffalo Conductors (Music)--United States 65th Regiment Band (Buffalo, N.Y.) Pan-American Exposition--(1901:Buffalo, N.Y.) --Songs and music Pan-American Exposition (1901 : Buffalo, N.Y.) Description An account of the resource Musicians from the 65th Regiment Band from Buffalo, NY is arranged in rows, all wearing matching military-style uniforms with decorative braiding. They are holding various instruments, including trumpets, trombones, clarinets, and saxophones. The conductor, John Powell, stands at the center, facing the musicians and holding a baton. Music stands are positioned in front of many of the seated individuals. The setting is an indoor space with brick walls and a staircase in the background. A uniformed band is seated in a semicircle with music stands and instruments, while a conductor stands in the center. The group is positioned indoors in front of a staircase. Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="https://rightsstatements.org/page/NoC-US/1.0/">NO COPYRIGHT – UNITED STATES</a>. The organization that has made the Item available believes that the Item is in the Public Domain under the laws of the United States, but a determination was not made as to its copyright status under the copyright laws of other countries. The Item may not be in the Public Domain under the laws of other countries. Please refer to the organization that has made the Item available for more information. Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available State University of New York at Buffalo. University Libraries band John Powell Regiment https://digital.lib.buffalo.edu/files/original/3378a7b9e40a65d1cb3a59d6c30f9066.jpg d6c89411612c653b24f7e1783d588679 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Description An account of the resource Large uniformed band seated with instruments under chandelier and in front of pipe organ. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Pan-American Exposition of 1901 Description An account of the resource The Pan-American Exposition was held in Buffalo, New York from May 1 to November 2, 1901. Buffalo was chosen as the location because of its size (at the time it was the eighth largest city in the U.S. with a population of approximately 350,000) and also because of its well suited railway connections. The grounds spread across 342 acres and were located between Delaware Park Lake to the south, the New York Central railroad track to the north, Delaware Avenue to the east, and Elmwood Avenue to the west. The Exposition included educational exhibits as well as a Midway. The educational exhibits showcased the latest advancements in technology, most notably electricity. A major feature was electric lighting which utilized hydroelectric power generated in nearby Niagara Falls. Many of the Exposition buildings, including the prominent Electric Tower, were covered in light-bulbs creating a beautiful and unprecedented sight. The Pan-American Exposition also hosted some of the top engine manufacturers of the time. These companies provided “working exhibits” that actually functioned in the day-to-day operation of the Exposition. The Midway at the Pan-American Exposition provided visitors with entertainment and consisted of more than 42 exhibits. Some of the main attractions of the Midway included the “House Upside Down,” “Cleopatra’s Temple”, and the “Foreign Villages.” The Pan-American Exposition is most widely known as the location of President McKinley’s assassination. On September 6, 1901, while in a receiving line at the Exposition’s Temple of Music, President McKinley was shot twice by anarchist, Leon Czolgosz. McKinley was taken to the Exposition’s hospital where he was operated on by a number of prominent Buffalo surgeons including Roswell Park. The President was then taken to the home of John Milburn, head of the Exposition’s Board of Directors, to recover. After his condition appeared to improve, McKinley eventually died on September 14, 1901 in the Milburn home due to infection and gangrene from the gun shot wounds. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context LIB-005 Subject The topic of the resource Pan-American Exposition (1901 : Buffalo, N.Y.) Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived State University of New York at Buffalo. University Archives Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available State University of New York at Buffalo. University Libraries Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Still Image A static visual representation. Examples of still images are: paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type "text" to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context LIB-005_0432 Is Part Of A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included. LIB-005 Pan-American Exposition of 1901. LIB-005 Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Photographic prints Title A name given to the resource 19th Regiment Band Description An account of the resource On Exposition Grounds Photograph of the 19th Regiment Band from St. Catherines, Ontario. Directed by William Peel. A large group of uniformed band members are arranged in multiple rows with instruments, including drums in the front. They are seated indoors beneath an ornate chandelier, with a pipe organ visible in the background. Subject The topic of the resource 19th Regiment Band Pan-American Exposition (1901:Buffalo) Pan-American Exposition--(1901:Buffalo, N.Y.) --Songs and music Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="https://rightsstatements.org/page/NoC-US/1.0/">NO COPYRIGHT – UNITED STATES</a>. The organization that has made the Item available believes that the Item is in the Public Domain under the laws of the United States, but a determination was not made as to its copyright status under the copyright laws of other countries. The Item may not be in the Public Domain under the laws of other countries. Please refer to the organization that has made the Item available for more information. Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available State University of New York at Buffalo. University Libraries Canada Canadians Ontario St. Catherines William Peel https://digital.lib.buffalo.edu/files/original/50156887b1978f5859a6b003f743cbf6.jpg 1c5f02f9d59cc1d403672eaec0922f88 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Description An account of the resource Uniformed band seated outdoors with conductor standing in front. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Pan-American Exposition of 1901 Description An account of the resource The Pan-American Exposition was held in Buffalo, New York from May 1 to November 2, 1901. Buffalo was chosen as the location because of its size (at the time it was the eighth largest city in the U.S. with a population of approximately 350,000) and also because of its well suited railway connections. The grounds spread across 342 acres and were located between Delaware Park Lake to the south, the New York Central railroad track to the north, Delaware Avenue to the east, and Elmwood Avenue to the west. The Exposition included educational exhibits as well as a Midway. The educational exhibits showcased the latest advancements in technology, most notably electricity. A major feature was electric lighting which utilized hydroelectric power generated in nearby Niagara Falls. Many of the Exposition buildings, including the prominent Electric Tower, were covered in light-bulbs creating a beautiful and unprecedented sight. The Pan-American Exposition also hosted some of the top engine manufacturers of the time. These companies provided “working exhibits” that actually functioned in the day-to-day operation of the Exposition. The Midway at the Pan-American Exposition provided visitors with entertainment and consisted of more than 42 exhibits. Some of the main attractions of the Midway included the “House Upside Down,” “Cleopatra’s Temple”, and the “Foreign Villages.” The Pan-American Exposition is most widely known as the location of President McKinley’s assassination. On September 6, 1901, while in a receiving line at the Exposition’s Temple of Music, President McKinley was shot twice by anarchist, Leon Czolgosz. McKinley was taken to the Exposition’s hospital where he was operated on by a number of prominent Buffalo surgeons including Roswell Park. The President was then taken to the home of John Milburn, head of the Exposition’s Board of Directors, to recover. After his condition appeared to improve, McKinley eventually died on September 14, 1901 in the Milburn home due to infection and gangrene from the gun shot wounds. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context LIB-005 Subject The topic of the resource Pan-American Exposition (1901 : Buffalo, N.Y.) Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived State University of New York at Buffalo. University Archives Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available State University of New York at Buffalo. University Libraries Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Still Image A static visual representation. Examples of still images are: paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type "text" to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context LIB-005_0431 Is Part Of A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included. LIB-005 Pan-American Exposition of 1901. LIB-005 Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Photographic prints Title A name given to the resource 13th Regiment Band Description An account of the resource On Exposition Grounds Photo of the 13th Regiment Band from Hamilton, Ontario. Directed by George Robinson. A uniformed band is seated outdoors in rows with instruments, while a conductor stands in front. Trees and a pathway are visible in the background. Subject The topic of the resource Pan-American Exposition (1901:Buffalo) Pan-American Exposition--(1901:Buffalo, N.Y.) --Songs and music Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="https://rightsstatements.org/page/NoC-US/1.0/">NO COPYRIGHT – UNITED STATES</a>. The organization that has made the Item available believes that the Item is in the Public Domain under the laws of the United States, but a determination was not made as to its copyright status under the copyright laws of other countries. The Item may not be in the Public Domain under the laws of other countries. Please refer to the organization that has made the Item available for more information. Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available State University of New York at Buffalo. University Libraries band Canada Canadians George Robinson Hamilton Ontario Regiment https://digital.lib.buffalo.edu/files/original/1592bc3a3beb6a04fae96c0685adc9c1.pdf b077e14354919cc06438a02e1fc53774 PDF Text Text �Music at the Pan-American Exposition The Temple of Music Where music dwells Lingering and wandering on as loth to die. Like thoughts whose very sweetness yieldeth proof That they were born for immortality. — Wordsworth. Organists Orchestras Bands Buffalo, 1901 �Original copyrighted 1900, by the Pan-American Exposition Co. “Gay Music,” From The Temple Of Music Isidore Konti, Sculptor �A History Of The Organ The legend is that the god Pan first conceived the idea of the organ when he hound together reedy pipes of different lengths and played upon them for the entertainment of the nymphs and satyrs in his train. Homer King of the Pandean pipes and the “gentle Amaryllis” of Virgil’s first Eclogue loved the music of a similar instrument. In point of antiquity, these pipes rank with the lyre of Apollo, the inspiration of the modern harp. Both tradition and history yield the palm of precedence to these two ancient and kingly instruments. Jubal first mentions the organ by name. Vitrurius has left a detailed description of Original copyrighted, 1900, by the Pan American Exposition Co. a hydraulic organ, Atheneus and Hero of Alexandria give accounts of organs in which the pipes were joined together in a row, the longest being in the middle. There is a piece of sculpture on the obelisk of Theodosius at Constantinople which represents an instrument having eight pipes. The organ was first introduced into church service about the year 670. In 755 the Greek Emperor sent one as a present to Pepin, King of France. During the Middle Ages the instrument received a great many improvements at the hands of the monks and friars, who realized what a subtle and powerful influence its music had over the masses. An old writer ascribes the rapid growth of the primitive church to this cause alone. The instrument became so popular that the great medieval artists, inspired by its harmonies, painted saints playing on it, while angels listened! In fact, the influence of its music was so potent a factor in making the ritual of the primitive church attrac tive that some over-zealous reformers regarded it as an agency of evil and forbade its use! It is within the memory of the present generation that the organ was reintroduced into certain churches, whose ministers probably found that no mortal eloquence could attract and charm as its “concord of sweet sounds.” The first organ key-board was introduced in the 11th Century, in the Cathedral of Madgeburg. Pedals were introduced about the 18th Century. Improvements have been so rapid and so marked during the last two centuries that the organ of to-day, equipped with the requisite stops, may be said to pro duce the effect of all the other instruments combined, excepting, perhaps, the vibrant chords and arpeggios of the harp. From the deep pedal-tones to its most delicate diapasons it has a range of sound-effects no other instrument possesse . Its keys, under the touch of a master hand, express every emotion of the human soul. Its magical power sways every animate thing. The influence of music is always elevating. That of the organ is especially so. Its full, rich chords arouse in man a desire to accomplish higher and better things; its softer tones, sweet as the song Ariel sang to quell the tempest and lull the winds to rest, soothe and solace with a potency that is almost superhuman. �Copyright, 1900, by the Pan-American Exposition Co. Interior of the Temple of Music, Showing The Great Organ This instrument occupies a recess, prepared for it, in one of the arches of the auditorium of the Temple of Music, and is about thirty-six feet wide by forty-four feet high, with a depth of thirty-five feet. The key-boards are located several feet in advance and the player sits facing the organ. The displayed pipes are gilded on a rough surface and present a rich appearance, there being no wood-work above their toes. Staff, wrought out in a most elaborate design, takes the place of the usual case of wood; the casing of the console, however, is of quartered oak, carved and finished in the style most appropriate to such a noble instrument. The key-frames and other adjacent work are in ebony finish and polished, contrasting effectively with the pure white rods of the stop action, the combination pistons, plates, etc. The adjustable combinations are reached from the organist’s seat, and may be set to control any stop, or group of stops, at will. Each combination carries whatever pedal stops may be chosen by the player and may be changed, even while playing, should he so desire. The compass of the manuals is sixty-one notes, and the compass of the pedals thirty notes. The pedal keys are faced with white maple for the naturals and ebony for the sharps. There are five pedal movements, viz.: Balanced Swell Pedal, Balanced Choir Pedal, Grand Crescendo and Diminuendo Pedal, Full Organ or Sforzando Pedal, and the Reverse Pedal for Great to Pedal Coupling All of the combination movements are controlled by pistons placed between the key-boards, and the couplings and tremolos by double-acting tilting tablets over the upper key board. The console has a roll-top or sliding cover. There are fifty-three speaking registers—fourteen on the Great Organ, fourteen on the Swell, eleven on the Choir, four on the Solo and ten on the Pedal. The wind supply on the organ, upon which so much depends, has —4— �been amply provided for by three large bellows, each with double or vertical feeders, from which the wind is conveyed through trunks of great sectional area, to reservoirs near their respective chests, from which the wind is delivered to the pipes at a steady pressure. Each department of the organ has its own wind supply, independent of all of the rest, and each is on a different pressure, varying from six and one-half to three and one quarter inches, there being five in all, adding much to the variety and quality of tone. The power to work the bellows is supplied by three Spencer water engines, of the largest size, made by the L. E. Rhodes Co., of Hartford, Conn. The action of this instrument is on the builder's system of tubular pneumatic throughout and has adjustable combinations, Grand Crescendo and Diminuendo Pedal, and Full Organ or Sforzando Pedal, together with the Reversing Pedal to operate Great to Pedal Coupling; this reduces the pedal movements to five in number, the combinations being governed by pistons between, the key-boards. The touch on all of the key-boards is uniform, the resistance being set at four ounces, and is the same under all circumstances, whether one stop is in use or the full organ with all of the couplings. The stops and pipes have been chosen with great core, that the full organ might not be lacking in power and grandeur, and that the individual stops should possess both character and sweetness. There are, in this organ, one stop of thirty-two feet pitch, nine of sixteen feet, twenty-eight of eight feet, eight of four feet and three of two feet. There is, also, a Mixture of four ranks, on the Great Organ, and a Dolce Cornet, of three ranks, on the Swell, The Diapasons are of large scale, giving breadth and fullness, without the harshness sometimes found in smaller scales. Thu wood foundation stops arc also from large scales, most appropriate in an instrument of this size. The voicing has been carefully done, and the attention of those competent to judge is invited to this most important feature. Each stop—whether Diapason, Flute, String or Reed—has its own distinctive quality and quantity of tone. The string tones are more prompt of speech than is usually the case, and while useful for solo effects blend well with the other stops; the Flutes are of clear and brilliant tone; and the Reeds, of which there arc ten stops, are very characteristic. The Vox Humana has received special treatment, being located on a chest by itself, which is inclosed in a separate box provided with shades, opening into the swell-box and mov ing in conjunction with the swell shades. The organ is from the manu of Emmons Howard, Buffalo, factory N. Y., and Westfield, Mass. �Emmons Howard The builder of the great organ in the Temple of Music was born in Brimfield, Hampden Co., Mass., and attended the public schools, finishing his education at the Hitchcock High School, He entered the organ factory of Johnson & Son, at Westfield, Mass., in the spring of 1868, continuing there for Several years, and afterwards taking a situation as voider and tuner with Hil borne L. Roosevelt, of New York. He returned to Westfield to engage in organ building on his own account, since which time he has been called upon to construct many fine instruments in the leading churches of the country, from Maine to South Dakota. In addition to a well established business of its own, this firm has succeeded to that of Johnson & Son, established in 1844. Pan-American Organ Recitals A unique and interesting feature of the Exposition will be the series of free organ recitals to be given daily in the Temple of Music. In connection with the stately structure devoted to the divine art, the idea early suggested itself to arrange for the erection of a great organ and to secure the services of distinguished organists who would effectively interpret the standard works composed for this instrument. In arranging these recitals, it has been the aim to have as many sections and important cities in the United States and Canada represented by their leading organists, as possible. The success attained in securing such artists has been extremely gratifying. They have shown a most encouraging spirit of good will towards the enterprise, and the only regret felt by the Exposition is that all who were willing to contribute their services in this cause could not be given engagements. As it is, however, about seventy-five organists (many of international reputation, and representing nearly every portion of this country and Canada) will be heard. A special effort has been made to secure a largo representation of women organists throughout the United States, who have won distinction as performers upon this instrument, and this feature should prove of especial interest. Those recitals are free to the public. They will commence every afternoon at about four o’clock and continue from one hour to an hour and a half. They will, doubtless, prove a rare treat to all musically inclined visitors to the Exposition, The novelty and importance of this comprehensive series of organ recitals must be apparent, and the attitude of the organists of this hemisphere toward the movement has been fitly voiced by Mr. Clarence Eddy, the eminent American organist, in accepting an invitation to participate He writes: "Iam exceedingly interested in your plan fora congress of representative organists to be held at Buffalo during the Pan-American Exposition. Such a series of organ recitals will be quite unprecedented and cannot fail to create a wonderful stimulus to the cause of music, to promote which I shall personally be glad to do all in my power." —6— �Allen, Nathan Henry Born April 14, 1848, in Marion, Mass, Lives in Hartford, Conn, He was educated in New York, under Van der Stucken, and in Berlin under Haupt and Grell. He is organist of Center Con gregational Church, teacher in the Conservatory of Music, Hart ford, Conn., teacher of theory and lecturer in Mount Holyoke College. He was the founder and first president of the Connec ticut Music Teachers' Association, conductor for several years of the Hartford Musurgia Club, and of a similar club in Meriden, Conn, He is the composer of a number of sacred pieces, songs, part songs, transcriptions for the organ and a cantata with orchestral accompaniment He is a charier member of the Guild of American Organists, one of the original members of the New York Manuscript Society and a member of the Clef Club of New York, He has made an especial study of early New Eng land music. Archer, Frederic Bom June 16, 1838, in Oxford, England. When 14 years of age he became organist of St. Clement's Church and Merton College Chapel. Later he was appointed organist of the Royal Panopticon, London. In 1862 he gave recitals on the three largest organs at the Universal Exposition, and afterwards at the Albert Hall and Crystal Palace, and in the chief cities of Europe. In 1863 he became joint conductor, with Sir Julius Benedict, of the London "Vocal Association,” and also accepted the musical lectureship at the Royal Polytechnic Institution. In 1865 he was appointed organist and choirmaster of Christ Church, Lancaster Gate, and later he assumed a similar position at the Church of the Jesuit Fathers, remaining there until 1873, when he became organist at the Alexandra Palace, besides fulfilling the duties of musical examiner in the Glasgow University. From 1878 to 1880 he conducted the concerts of the celebrated Glasgow Select Choir, and composed and arranged a series of part songs for its use. In 1881 he visited America, where he gave organ re citals in many of the leading cities. After a short return to London he was induced to take up his permanent residence in the United States. He took charge of the music at Plymouth Church, Brooklyn, at the solicitation of the late Henry Ward Beecher. Later he became organist of the Church of the Incarnation, New York, While there he gave many organ, concerts in Chickering Hall, assisted by the most eminent artists in America. He has also inaugurated many of the large organs of importance in this country. In 1883 he founded and edited, in New York, a critical musical journal. In 1887 he accepted the conductorship of the Boston Oratorio Society, and a memorable performance of - 7— �Gounod’s “Redemption” was given by this organization, assisted by the Boston Symphony Orchestra, under Mr. Archer’s direction. Milwaukee and Chicago claimed his efforts until the Carnegie Library Commission, of Pittsburg, Pa., in 1895, secured his services as city organist, with which are connected other important public musical duties. In 1895 Mr. Archer organized and founded the Pittsburg Symphony Orchestra, and was its conductor for the first three years. Mr. Archer is also an accomplished choral conductor, and a pianist of high merit. He is distinguished as an author and composer, his musical essays and compositions enjoying wide reputation. His "Organ School,” published some years since, is an exhaustive and com prehensive work on the subject. He has been appointed musical examiner of the University of Toronto. Bernier, Joseph Arthur Born March 19, 1876; lives in Quebec, Canada. He was edu cated under Gustav Gagnon, organist of the Basilica of Quebec, and Alphonse Bernier, laureate of the Quebec Musical Academy and member of the Academy of Music of the Province of Quebec. He is organist in the church of St. Sauveur, Quebec, professor of music and member of the Academy of Music of the Province of Quebec. Prior to this, he was for six years organist at Levis College. Carl, William C. Born March 2, 1865, in Bloomfield, N. J. He lives in New York and was educated there under Samuel P. Warren and Mad ame Madeline Schiller, and in Paris under Alexandre Guilmant. He is organist and director of music in the "Old First" Pres byterian Church, director of the Guilmant Organ School of New York, and chairman of the Membership Committee of the Guild of American Organists. He was formerly organist of the First Presbyterian Church, Newark, N. J., director of the Baton Club, the Gamut Club, and the Manuscript Society of New York. His more important musical compositions are thirty post hides for the organ. He is editor of "Masterpieces for the Organ." He has made a concert tour of the United States and appeared in concert at the World’s Fair, Edinborough International Expos ition, Stockholm Exposition, Nashville Exposition, Philadelphia Exposition, Worcester Musical Festival, Crystal Palace, Queen’s Hall, New York Symphony Orchestra (Walter Damrosch), Paur Symphony Orchestra (Emil Paur) and eighty-two concerts; in the "Old First" Presbyterian Church of New York City. -8- �Carter, George Buonaparte Born June 2, 1864, in Olean, New York. He was educated by William O. Brewster, Dudley Buck and Wm. H. Sherwood. He is now the director of the organ department and teacher of the piano in Wesleyan University, of Delaware, Ohio. He has been organist in Elm Park M. E. Church, Scranton, Pa., Thos. R. Beecher's Church, Elmira, N. Y., and Epworth Memorial Church, Cleveland, Ohio. He spent one season studying in Europe. He has been accompanist for many famous singers, including Mme. Fursch-Madi, Campanini, Del Puente, etc. He has played in all sections of the United Stales, He is a member and one of the founders of the Guild of American Organists. Clark, Seth Colgrove Born September 18, 1863, in Sardinia, New York, and resides in Buffalo, N. Y. His musical instructors were William Kaf enberger and W. S. Waith of Buffalo, Robert Radecke of Berlin and Edward J. Hopkins of London Mr. Clark was organist and choirmaster of Ascension Church, Buffalo, from 1894 to 1901, and is now organist and choirmaster of Trinity Church, and teacher of music in Buffalo Seminary and the Elm wood School. Clarke, Robert Alexander Hallam Born February 19, 1871, in Pomfret, Conn., and is now a resident of Meriden, Conn. He studied the Organ with Dr. J. W. Bischoff, Washington, D. C., voice with J. Jerome Hayes, piano with E. A. Parsons and theory with Clement R. Gale, all of New York. He was organist and choirmaster at St. Luke's and St. James' Church, Washington, and Emanuel Church, Rockford, Illinois. He has been, since 1894, organist and choir master of St. Andrew's Church, Meriden, Conn., and is an associ ate member of the Guild of American Organists. Clemens, Charles E. Born March 12, 1856, in Plymouth, England. His residence is in Cleveland, Ohio. He was educated at Plymouth under Dr. Samuel Weeks, and at London under Dr. Ernest Pauer, Dr. Franklyn Taylor, Dr. Martin of St. Paul's Cathedral and Dr. Bridge of Westminster Abbey He is professor of music in Western Reserve University, organist and director of St. Paul's Episcopal Church, Cleveland, Ohio, and conductor of the Singers' Club of that city. He has been professor of organ and composition at the Klindworth and Klindworth Schawenka Conser vatories, Berlin, organist in the Royal Chapel of Berlin, and has filled die position of organist in several churches in England. He is the author of a work on pedal technique and of a number of sacred musical compositions. - 9_ �Colson, William Brewster Born June 27, 1846, in Rochester, N. Y. His residence is now in Cleveland, Ohio. His musical education was under the direction of J. C. Cook of New York and Clarence Eddy of Chicago. He has been organist and director of music in the First Presbyterian Church at Cleveland, Ohio, for ten years, where he now is. He is organist and director of music in the Lake Eric Consistory, A. A. S. R. He had previously served for thirteen years as organist and director of music in the Pilgrim Congregational Church at Cleveland. He is a charter member of the Guild of American Organists. Corey, N. J. Born January 31, 1861, in Hillsdale, Michigan, and resides in Detroit, Mich. His musical education was obtained in Boston under J. C. D. Parker, B. J. Lang, S. B. Whitney, G. W. Chadwick and W. F. Apthorp. He is the organist of the Fort Street Presbyterian Church, Detroit, director of the St. Cecilia Society, teacher of organ, theory and musical history in the Michigan Conservatory of Music, and was formerly organist of Dr. McKenzie's church, Cambridge. Mass. He is a Ph. D. of Hills dale College and a member of the Guild of American Organists. Cushing, Samuel Dayton Born March 30, 1853, in Phipsburg, Maine. His first teacher was Louis Plaidy. He afterwards studied in the Conservatory of Leipsic, and in Paris under Alexandre Guilmant. He has been the organist of the First Congregational Church of Toledo, Ohio, since 1887. Prior to that dale he was for eleven years organist of South Church, Springfield, Mass. Dethier, Gaston Marie Born in Liege, Belgium, April 19, 1875, and now resides in New York City. He was educated under his father, Emil Dethier, one of the foremost teachers in the Conservatory of his native city. At the age of twelve he won a scholarship in the conservatory against sixty competitors. At the age of seventeen he graduated, taking the first prize for fugue, the gold medal for piano and the gold medal, by acclamation, for the organ. He was chosen organist of the Church of St Jacques, in Liege, in open competition, when he was eleven years old, and while a mere boy gave piano and organ recitals at Liege and other towns in his native country. When nineteen, Dethier came to this country, being recommended for the position of organist in St. — 10 — �Francis Xavier's Church, New York City, by Alexandre Guilmant of Paris. From his pen there have been published numerous organ compositions, including a suite for violin and piano, romanza for 'cello and piano, and many compositions for the ser vices of the Roman Catholic Church. Donahoe, J. Frank Born February 22, 1856, in Boston, Mass., where he now resides. His musical education was obtained in Boston, where he studied organ and counterpoint under Eugene Thayer, and piano under Ernst Penbo and other teachers. He was, from 1873 to 1898, organist of the Boston Cathedral, and for several years organist of the Boston Oratorio Society. His time is now entirely devoted to organ and piano teaching, and concert and recital work. He has composed a number of organ and pianoforte pieces, and a quantity of church music. Donley, W. H. Born in 1863, in New Haven, Connecticut. lie received his first musical instruction from Miss Jenkins, of Waterloo, Iowa. He afterwards studied under E. W. Burnham, Otto A. Schmitt, and Prof. Havernick, of New York Chy. In 1886 he went to Boston, where he studied the piano with Or. Louis Maas, organ with G. E. Whiting, voice with C. E. Tinney, and harmony with Stephen A. Emery. Me has been organist and director of music in the First Baptist Church and First Presbyterian Church, Water loo, Iowa, and the First Baptist Church, Cedar Rapids, Iowa. Later he was chosen organist of the Bridge Street Methodist Church, Belleville, Ontario, and at Owen Sound, Canada, In 1892 he accepted a call from Plymouth Church and the College of Music in Indianapolis, Ind. In 1896 he was elected organist and choirmaster in the Memorial Presbyterian Church of that city, where he lives. Dunkley, Ferdinand Born 1869, in London, England. He resides in Asheville, N. C. He was educated at the Royal College of Music, London, Eng land, by Sir George Martin and Sir Hubert Parry. He is organist of the First Baptist Church, director of the Conservatory of Music and the Music Festival Association of Asheville. He was director of music in St Agnes School, Albany, N. Y. six years. He is the composer of "Wreck of the Hesperus," a ballad for chorus and orchestra, and "Among Yon Mountain Fastnesses," a prize suite for orchestra. He was Fellow of the Royal College of Organists at the age of sixteen. — 11 — �Dussault, J. D. Born January 6, 1864, in Charlesbourg, and lives in Montreal, Canada. He was educated by his father and M. G. Gagnon of Quebec, R. O. Pelletier of Montreal, at New York College of Music under Dr. Austin Pearce, and in Paris under Eugene Gigout. He is the organist of the Church of Notre Dame, Montreal. He has been organist in the Jesuit Church, Quebec, the Cathedral of St, Hyacinthe, Lotbiniere, Canada, and of St. Pauls Church, Oswego, N. Y. He is the author of “L'Organiste Liturgiste." Eddy, Clarence Born June 23, 1851, in Greenfield, Mass, He began his musi cal education at the age of eleven at Springfield, Mass., first under Miss Laura J. Billings, afterwards under J. Gilbert Wilson. Then he studied under Dudley Buck in Hartford, Conn. From 1868 to 1871 he was organist of Bethany Church, Montpelier, Vt. About 1871 he went to Berlin and took a thorough course under August Haupt and Albert Loeschhorn. Returning to this country in 1874, he became organist of the First Congregational Church of Chicago, and after two years went to the First Pres byterian Church, where he was organist and choirmaster for seventeen years. In 1876 he became general director of the Her shey School of Musical Art of Chicago, and gave there his famous series of one hundred organ recitals without any repetitions, Mr. Eddy played at the Vienna Exposition in 1873; Centennial Exposition, Philadelphia, in 1876; Paris Exposition in 1889; the Fair at Chicago in 1893; and the National Export Exposition at Philadelphia in 1899. He has composed and compiled several volumes of standard organ music. Mr. Eddy now devotes all of his time to giving organ concerts in America and Europe, Fairclough, William Erving Born August 29, 1859, in Barrie, Canada, and now resides in Toronto. He was educated at the Royal College of Music, London, England, where he studied the organ with Sir Walter Parratt, piano with Alfred J. Caldicott and theory with Sir Fred erick Bridge, He was organist of Christ Church Cathedral, Hamilton, and St. George's Church, Montreal. He is now organist and choirmaster of All Saints Church, Toronto, and ex aminer in practical music, University of Toronto. He is a Fellow of the Royal College of Organists, London, England. — 12 — �Falk, Louis Born Dec. 11, 1848, in Hesse-Darmstadt, Germany, His resi dence is Chicago, Ill. He received his earlier musical training at Rochester, N. Y., under his father and Prof. A. Baur. He went to Europe in 1865 and for two years was the private pupil of Dr. Wm. Voldemar of Hesse-Cassel. He then went to the Conservatory at Leipsic, studied under Hauptmann, Richter, Moscheles, David, Reinecke and Papperitz. He graduated with the first honors in organ and theory. He has been director of the organ and theory departments in the Chicago Musical College since 1869, and is also organist and choirmaster in the First Congregational Church, Oak Park, Ill. He was for twenty-five years organist at the Union Park Congregational Church, Chicago, Ill. He has been orchestral, operatic, choral conductor and concert organist in Chicago for a number of years. He has com posed several sacred songs, one oratorio ("Jesus of Nazareth"), two cantatas ("The Redemption" and "Midnight Service"), and numerous organ compositions, anthems and songs. Fisher, Mary Chappell Born December 19, 1864, in Auburn, N. Y., and now lives in Rochester, N. Y. She began her musical education with her father, Newton Chappell, continuing with I. V. Flagler of Auburn, and later with Gerrit Smith, New York, and Alexandre Guilmant, Paris. She was for fourteen years organist and choir director at the First Baptist Church, Auburn, and for five years Organist at the First Presbyterian Church, Rochester. She is now organist at St, Peter's Presbyterian Church, Rochester, and was one of the founders of the Guild of American Organists. Flagler, Isaac Van Vleck. Born 1848, in Albany, N. Y., and now resides in Auburn, N. Y. He was educated in London under H. W. A. Beale, in Paris under Edouard Batiste and in Dresden under Gustav Merkel. He is organist and musical lecturer at the Chautauqua Assembly, organist of the First Presbyterian Church, Auburn, N. Y., and is one of the founders of the Guild of American Organists. He has been professor of the organ in Syracuse University, organist at Cornell University and lecturer at the Conservatory of Music, Utica, N. Y. He has composed three organ collections, three anthem books, and a number of pieces for the piano, organ and voice. - 13 — �Frese, Ernest Gustav August Born March 22, 1863, in Hanover, Germany. He entered the Conservatory of Leipsic at the age of eighteen and remained there four years, studying under Reinecke, Papperitz, Piutti, Rust, Weidenbach and others. He is now the director of the Frese Music School of Louisville, Kentucky, and the director of the Louisville Liederkranz. He has been organist of the Warren Memorial Presbyterian Church and the First Presbyterian Church of Louisville. Galloway, Charles Born December 21, 1871, in St Louis, Mo. He received his first musical tuition in St. Louis, where he resides. Thence he went to Paris and for four years studied the organ, piano and theory under Alexandre Guilmant. One of the most impor tant concert engagements which have fallen to the lot of a foreign student occurred when Mr. Galloway appeared in solo work at the world-famed Trocadero, where Mr, Guilmant has given concerts for the past twenty years. The first position he held in this country was that of organist and director of music at St. Peter’s Episcopal Church, St. Louis, He was at the same lime organist of the St. Louis Choral Symphony Society. White in Paris he was chosen organist of the American Church of the Holy Trinity, Paris, France. He is the author of three popular songs: "My Love Song," "My Own," and “O Mother Dear, Jerusalem." Garratt, C. Percival Born Sept, 10, 1868, in England. His residence is Hamilton, Ontario. He was educated at the New England Conservatory of Music in Boston, under Geo. E. Whiting, Otto Bendix and George Chadwick. He is organist and choirmaster al the Cen tral Presbyterian Church, and teacher of vocal and instrumental music in Hamilton. He has been organist and choirmaster of the Second Presbyterian Church, Knoxville, Tenn., and professor of music in the University of Tennessee. He has composed a number of anthems and solos for the organ, and has had experience as a director of choral societies and orchestras. Gibson, S. Archer Born December 5, 1875, in Baltimore, and lives in that city. His early education was received in Baltimore under his hither and Har old Randolph, director of the Conservatory of Music of Baltimore. He is organist and choirmaster of the First Presbyterian Church and teacher in the Peabody Conservatory of Music, Baltimore. He has been organist in the "Har Sinai” Jewish Synagogue, Mt. Vernon Place M. E., St. John's Independent Church, and — 14 — �director of the University of Maryland Glee Club, all of Balti more. His more important musical compositions are several anthems (including a complete service for the Jewish Synagogue), compositions for the organ and a number of songs. He has studied the methods of the cathedral choirs of England, Scot land, France and Germany. Gomph, William J. Born August 10, 1878, in Albany, N. Y., and resides in Buf falo. At the age of seven he received piano instruction from his father, and afterwards studied piano and organ with Dr. J. Alb. rt Jeffery of Boston and Dr. J. Benton Tipton, Albany. He was organist of Trinity Methodist Church, Madison Avenue Presby terian Church and assistant organist of All Saints Cathedral, Albany. He is now organist of Lafayette Avenue Presbyterian Church, Buffalo, and director of the First German Baptist Choral Society. In 1899 he was elected an associate of the Guild of American Organists. Mr. Gomph has been appointed the official organist of the Pan-American Exposition. Hammond, William Churchill Born November 25, 1860, in Rockville, Conn. He lives in Holyoke, Mass. His teachers were B. F. Leavens and N. H. Allen, Hartford, Conn., and S. P. Warren of New York. He is organist of the Second Congregational Church of Holyoke, and professor of music in Mount Holyoke College. He was formerly organist in Pearl Street Church, Hartford, Conn., and instructor of the organ at Smith's College, Northamp ton, Mass. Heaton, Walter Bom 1871, in Eccles England. His residence is in Reading, Pa. He was educated under Dr. Henry Hiles and at the Victoria University, Manchester, England, and under Herr Emil Behnke and Sir Joseph Barnby, London. He is organist and choir direc tor of Memorial M. E. Church, Reading, Pa., and has held several important positions ns organist and conductor of choral societies in the County of Lancaster, England. He has composed a number of anthems, part songs and organ pieces, a sacred cantata and an operetta. He was elected Fellow of the Royal College of Organists, London, in 1894, and Fellow of the Guild of American Organists in 1897. He is the only student whoever won the “Hargreaves” Scholarship three years in succession at the Victoria University. — 15 — �Hendy, Henry Stuart Born June 29, 1873, in Watkins, N. Y. He resides at Buffalo N. Y. He studied with his mother, and with Miss Bianca Fleishmann, Wm. S. Waith and Samuel J. Gilbert, all of Buffalo, and with G. Edward Stubbs of New York. He is organist and choirmaster of Trinity Episcopal Church, and choirmaster of St. Mary's-on-the-Hill. His compositions embrace settings to holy communion and other church music. Hewlett, William Henry Born January 16, 1873, in Bath, Somerset, England, and lives in London, Ontario. He studied music as a child with several teachers in England, with A. S. Vogt at the Toronto College of Music, and with Signor D'Auria and A. E. Fisher at the Toronto Conservatory. He is organist and choirmaster of Dunda's Cen tre Methodist Church, London, Canada, and secretary of the London section of the Associated Musicians of Ontario. He was formerly organist of Carlton Street Methodist Church, Toronto, conductor of the London Vocal Society, and ac ompanist of the Mendelssohn Choir of Toronto. His published compositions are an anthem, “Come Unto Me," and a waltz for the piano. He received the gold medal when he graduated at the Conservatory of Toronto in 1893 and won the Blackstock gold medal at the same conservatory for extemporization in 1894. Houseley, Henry Born 1851, in Sutton-in-Ashfield, Notts., England. His resi dence has been in Denver, Colorado, since 1888. He was edu cated in Nottingham and London by Mr. James Turpin, F. R.C.O., and Dr. E. H. Turpin of the College of Organists, London. Heis now organist and choir director of St. John’s Episcopal Cathedral, Denver, Colorado, organist of Temple Emmanuel and director of the Denver Symphony Orchestra. He has been organist of St. Luke’s Church, Derby, England, St. Thomas' Church, Notting ham, England, organist of the Sacred Harmonic Society of Nottingham, and lecturer on music in the college of that city. He composed an “Orchestral Symphony” which was played at the Alexandra Palace, two quartettes for stringed instruments, several operas, an operetta, “Love and Whist," a number of church cantatas, anthems and songs. He played one of his compositions ata "Festival of Organists” held in St. Paul's Cathedral in 1874. — 16 — �Hunt, Hamlin H. Born June 5, 1866, in Minnesota. His home is in Minneapolis. He received his early musical education at Carleton College, Northfield, Minn. He went to Berlin, where he studied the organ withHaupt anti Middleshutte, piano with Deppe, Jedliczka, and theory with Bussler and Grunicke. He spent the spring and summer of 1898 studying in Paris with Guilmant. He is now the organist of Plymouth Church. Minneapolis. He has been the organist of the First Congregationalist Church of Winona, Minn., the First Congregationalist Church of Quincy, Ill., director of the Quincy Conservatory of Music, and organist of St. Mark’s Episco pal Church, Minneapolis. Jarrett, William Sheridan Born May 31, 1867, in Buffalo, N. Y., and is now a resident of that city. He studied music with Mrs. A. C. Ward, Seth C. Clark, Wm. S. Waith and Mrs. Geo. A. Lewis of Buffalo. He has been organist of the Asbury M. E. Church, Plymouth Church, organist and director of Westminster Presbyterian Church, Dela ware Avenue Baptist Church, and accompanist to the Buffalo Vocal Society. He is now organist at the Westminster Presbyterian Church. Jepson, Harry Benjamin Born in New Haven, August 16, 1870, where he now resides. He was educated by Dr. Gustav J. Storekel and Horatio W. Parker. He is now the organist and choirmaster in the Chapel of Yale University, and professor of music in that institution. He became organist of Christ Church, New Haven, when he was fifteen years of age. He has served as organist and choirmaster in the Old Centre Church. He has published compositions on the Organ, and movements for the orchestra which have been played by the New Haven Symphony Orchestra. He took the degree of Bachelor of Music at Yale University in 1894. Jordan, Albert David Born in Seaforth, Ontario, Canada, in 1877. He resides at Bradford, Ontario. He studied the organ and piano at the Toronto College of Music. He is director of the Bradford Col lege of Music, director of music in the Public Schools of Bradford, and organist and choirmaster in Brant Avenue Church. He has filled the post of organist in the Anglican churches of St. Clement's, St Matthew's and St. James', all of Toronto. He has written — 17 — �several concertos for the organ and orchestra, and a number of songs and Etudes far the piano. He was appointed organist of St Clement's Church, Toronto, when he was Only twelve years old. At the age of fourteen he played the violin and viola under the leadership of T. H. Torrington in the Toronto Orchestra. He won the “Sullivan," the “Cameron" and the “Torrington" scholarships in the Toronto College of Music, the gold medal of the college for proficiency, and the prize for being the best accompanist in the institution. He is a specialist in voice culture and was the instructor of Lioyd Ames, who has an international reputation. Lang, Benjamin Johnson Born in Salem, Mass. He resides in Boston. He is the conductor of the Apollo Club and of the St. Cecilia Society, and organist of King’s Chapel. He was the conductor of the Handel and Haydn Society of Boston two years, and has been organist of that society thirty years. Lawrence, John Porter Born December, 1858, in Port Gibson, Miss. His residence is Washingtort, D. C. He was educated at the Conservatory of Leipsic under J. Weidenbach, Carl Reinecke and Carl Piutti. He is organist of the New York Avenue Presbyterian Church, musical director of the National Park Seminary and pianist of the Choral Society, all of Washington, D. C. He was organist of St. Matthew’s Catholic Church, Washington, D. C., and musical director of the Woman’s College, Baltimore, Md. He is the composer of a number of songs and instrumental pieces for the organ and piano. He received the Helbig prize in Leipsic in 1889. Maynard, Emily Loucetta Born in i860, in Waterloo, N. Y. She lives at Gary, S. D. She received her musical education from S. C. Gilbert, Waterloo, Iowa, George F. Ogden, State School for the Blind, Batavia, N. Y., and Wm. Kaffenberger of Buffalo, N. Y. She is musical director of the School for the Blind, Gary, S. D. She was form erly organist of Immanuel Baptist Church, Buffalo, N. Y. She has composed a patriotic song and a military march. — 18 - �McConnell, Mary Florence Born in Lockport, and lives in Buffalo, N. Y. She was educated under the Sisters of St. Mary’s, Lockport, Alfred Pease, W. O. Brewster, Miss Pittar, William S. Waithe and John Lund of Buffalo, S. B. Whitney and Dr. Maas of Boston, add S. P. Warren of New York City. She is assistant supervisor of music in the public schools of Buffalo and musical editor of the Buffalo News. She has been organist of the Central Presbyterian Church, St. Paul's Church and St. Joseph’s Cathedral. She presided at the organ in St. Joseph’s Cathedral during the consecration services of the Rt. Rev. Bishop Quigley, and during the jubilee of Rt. Rev, Bishop Ryan, Cardinal Satolli officiating. She has been the accompanist for the Orpheus concerts during the past six seasons and for many of the orchestra concerts given in Buffalo. Miller, Russell King Born May 10, 1871, in Philadelphia, where he now resides. He was educated in his native city by Constantine Sternberg, and in New York by S. P. Warren, Ph. Scharwinka and B. O. Klein. He is organist of the First Baptist Church and Temple Beth Israel, Philadelphia. He was formerly professor of organ arid composition in Sternberg School of Music, Philadelphia. He has composed a scherzo symphonique, a festival march, and a number of songs and instrumental pieces for organ and piano. He has been organist in the Holland Presbyterian Church, Philadel phia, and First Presbyterian Church, Germantown, Pa. Percy, Richard Truman Born 1869, in Norfolk, Virginia. He lives in New York City. He was educated at Yale University under Dr. Gustav J. Stoeckel. He is organist and director of music in the Marble Collegiate Church of New York City. He has been organist in Davenport Centre and Dwight Place Churches in New Haven, and in the Fifth Avenue Baptist Church of New York. Radcliffe, Thomas Born March 3, 1855, on the Island of Malta, and now resides in Salt Lake City, Utah. He studied music in London and Liver pool under Henry Smart, W. I. Best, John Richardson, Thalberg and Chas. Ilulle. He was for eight years organist and choir master to the Town Council of the city of Liverpool, England, and played at the Corporate Church of St. George. In 1877 he conducted the “Messiah" at St. George’s Hall, Liverpool, with a chorus of 400. In 1893 he was sent by the Utah commis sioners as concert organist to the World’s Fair at Chicago. He is now organist of the First Congregational Church, Salt Lake City, and teacher of the piano. He is a charter member of the Guild of American Organists. — 19 - �Reed, William Born at Montreal Canada, September 9, 1859, and now resides in Quebec. He received his musical education under R. O. Pelletier and D. Ducharme of Montreal, and prominent English organists. lie has held the position of organist in Keble College, Oxford, England; American Presbyterian Church, Montreal, Canada; St. Andrews Church, Toronto; St. Peter's Church, Sherbrooke; and St. John The Evangelist Church, Montreal. He is now organist and choirmaster of Chalmer’s Church, Quebec. Mr. Reed began as an organist at the age, of fourteen years, and was elected to an organ scholarship at Keble College, Oxford, England, when nineteen years of age, in open competition against 30 candidates. He was professor of organ at the Conservatory of Music in Toronto and has given numerous recitals throughout Ontario. Mr. Reed, besides being a composer, is a violinist. He has composed a large number of anthems, sendees, part songs, sacred and secular songs, and organ and piano pieces. Riddel, Ione Bush Bom in Aurora, Ind. Her residence is Cincinnati, Ohio. She was educated in the Conservatory of Music, Cincinnati, under Miss Clara Baur, George McGrath. J. A. Brookhaven, and later under J. Frank Wilson and A. J. A. Barbour. She is organist of the Central Christian Church, and teacher of piano and organ. Riesberg, F. W. Born April 8, 1863, in Norwich, New York. He studied music in Leipsic, Germany, with Reinecke, Jadassohn and Papperitz, in Berlin with Scharwenka, and in Weimar with Liszt. He was organist director in Rutger's Presbyterian Church, Now York, and Organ ist in Lafayette Presbyterian Church and the First Baptist Church, Buffalo. He is now organist-director of the Roseville Presby terian Church, musical critic on the Musical Courier, and secretary and treasurer of the New York State Music Teachers' Association. Salter, Sumner Borm June 24, 1856, at Burlington, Iowa. He is a resident of Ithaca, New York. The study of music was not seriously under taken until after graduation from Amherst College, 1877, where he was president of the Musical Association, leader of the Glee Chib and organist of the Congregational Church. His musical education was conducted in Boston by Eugene Thayer, J. C. D. Parker, John K. Paine and George L. Osgood, He is now organist of Sage Chapel, Cornell University, also instructor and lecturer on musk in that institution. He is teacher of organ har mony and counterpoint in the Conservatory of Music at Ithaca. — 20 - �He has been organist of the West End Collegiate Church of New York, was warden of the Guild of American Organists from 1899 to 1900, president of the New York State Music Teachers' Asso ciation 1897-98, vice-president of the Manuscript Society of New York, organist of the First Presbyterian Church of New York, First Methodist Church of Atlanta, Ga., St. Paul’s Episcopal Church, Syracuse, N. Y., Euclid Avenue Baptist Church, Cleve land, Ohio, and Eliot Congregational Church, Boston Highlands, Mass. He was for three years editor of “The Pianist and Organist," New York. Sanborn, E. Russell Born in Weymouth, Mass., February 25, 1879. He is a resident of Boston, Mass. His musical education was commenced in Weymouth. He afterwards studied the organ and piano under F. Wrigley of Quincy, Mass., and S. B. Whitney of Boston. Later he studied harmony, composition and counterpoint in Boston under Professor Percy Goetshens of the Royal Conser vatory of Wurtemburg. He is the organist and choirmaster of the Church of Our Saviour, Roslindale, Boston, Mass. Prior to this he had played the organ in one of the smaller suburbs of Boston. He has been successful in organizing boy choirs. Sans-Souci, Gertrude Born October 23, 1873, in Putnam, Conn., and lives in St. Paul, Minn. She was educated in Berlin by Moritz Mosakowski, Oscar Raif and Pylleman. She is the organist of St. Paul’s Catholic Cathedral and a member of the faculty of the North western Conservatory of Music, Minneapolis. She is the north western representative and correspondent of the "Musical Courier," New York, and musical editor of the "Globe," St. Paul, Minn. She has played in concert in the city of Berlin and made a successful concert lour in the provinces of Germany. She was organist in an Episcopal church in New York one winter. Schwartz, William Charles Born August 10, 1874, in Philadelphia, Pa., where he now resides. He commenced his musical education at the age of eight under Adolph Sauder. He took up theory under Dr. Clark and studied the piano with Mauritz Lcefson and Carl Saamans of Philadelphia. Later he studied the organ under David E. Wood and with the Philadelphia Clavier Society under S. Tudor Strang. He was organist and choirmaster of the Christ German Lutheran Church for one year and after that was called to St. James' M. E. Church as organist and choirmaster, which position he now holds. His musical compositions are an anthem, “Great King of Glory, Come,” "Fantasie in B Flat,” “Slumber Song,” and three marches. — 21 — �Shelley, Harry Rowe Born at New Haven, Conn., June 8, 1858, and now resides in New York City. He received his Musical education under Gustav J. Stoeckel at Yale College, Dudley Buck, Max Vogrich and Antonin Dvorak. He is now organist of the Fifth Avenue Bap tist Church and leather of composition and orchestration in the Metropolitan College, New York City. He was formerly organist of the Church of the Pilgrims end Plymouth Church, Brooklyn, and the First Church of New Haven, Connecticut. His principal composition consist of symphonies, operas, songs and church music. Simms, Frank Henry Born in Stourbridge, England, June 16, 1853. His present residence is New Orleans, La. Mr. Simms received has musical tuition under Henry Simms of Birmingham, England and Dr. G. B. Arnold of Winchester Cathedral, England. He has been the organist of St. John's Episcopal Church, Stourbridge, Eng land, Christ Church, Winchester, and assistant organist at Win chester Cathedral. He was also the organist of Ryde Parish Church, Isle of Wight, and from 1875 to 1889 was conductor of the Ryde Philharmonic Society. He is at present organist and choirmaster of St. Paul's Episcopal Church, New Orleans, which position he has held since 1889. He is also organist of the Temple Sinai and director of music in the H. Sophie Newcomb Memorial College. Mr. Simms was elected a member of the Royal Society of Musicians of Great Britain in February, 1883. He is the composer of a number of songs and part songs. Smith, Charles Wenham Born December 25, 1851, in London, England. His residence is Newark, N. J. He was educated at St. George’s Royal Chapel, Windsor, under Sir George 1st. Elvey at Oxford, and at London under Dr. E. J. Hopkins, organist of the Temple Church, Dr. Charles Steggall, Mr. Linsey Sloper and Meyer Lutz. He is organist in the First Presbyterian Church, Elizabeth, N. J., St. Paul's M. E. Church, Newark, N. J., and the Washington Street "Temple,” Newark, N. J. He has been organist of St. George’s Cathedral, Southwark, England, St. Patrick's Cathedral, Newark, N. J., Plymouth Church, Brooklyn, N. Y., St. Janies R. C. Church, New York City. He has composed two masses for soli, chorus and orchestra, a concert overture for orchestra, sundry motettes, short orchestral pieces, organ compositions and tran scriptions, songs, piano pieces, part songs, etc. He was for five years choir boy in St. George's Chapel, Windsor, pianist to Mr. and Mrs. Germain Reed at the Gallery of Illustration, Regent Street, and at St. George’s Hall, London. — 22 — �Smith, Gerrit Born December 11, 1859, in Hagerstown, Maryland. His resi dence is New York City. His first musical tuition was received at Geneva, N. Y., when he was a boy chorister. His musical education was conducted by S. P. Warren, Eugene Thayer, August Haupt and Dr. Ritter. He afterwards studied music in Stuttgart, Germany. He is professor of music of the Union Theological Seminary of New York, organist of South Church, New York, and president of the Guild of American Organists. He has been organist of St. Paul's Cathedral, Buffalo, and St. Peter's Episcopal Church, Albany, N. Y. He has composed “Colorado Summer,” an album containing tert pieces for the piano, an album containing twenty-five song vignettes, and an album of "Aquarelles." He is the composer of a great many songs, the cantata “King David," and other pieces. Spencer, Fanny M. Born in Newburgh-on-the-Hudson. She lives in New York City. Her musical education was conducted under Samuel P. Warren, organist of Grace Church, New York. She is now the organist of the Presbyterian Church at Dobb's Ferry-on-theHudson. She has been organist for the Pilgrim Congregational, Fourth Presbyterian and Lexington Avenue Baptist Churches, all of New York. Her more important musical compositions are a Magnificat and Nunc Dimittis in G, a Magnificat and Nunc Dimittis in C, an anthem, "O Lord, Rebuke Me Nut," a number of songs and thirty-two original hymn lunes. Stanley, Walter Peck Born in New Britain, Connecticut, and lives in Brooklyn, N. Y. He was educated in Brooklyn by R. Huntington Woodman, Louise A. Egbert, Dr. Wm. Mason, Mrs. Agnes Morgan and C. R. Gale. He is organist and choirmaster of Tompkins Avenue Congregational Church, Brooklyn, He has been organist and choirmaster in First Baptist Church, New Britain, Conn., and in the Congregational Church, South Norwalk, Conn. Stein, Christian Adolph Born December 18, 1863, in Troy, N. Y., where he lives. He was educated in Troy under Charles A. White and J. Albert Jaffery. He has been organist and choirmaster of St. Paul’s Episcopal Church, Troy, for seventeen years, is teacher of music in the Emma Willard Conservatory and conductor of the Troy Vocal Society, — 23 — �Sterling, Winthrop Smith Born November 28, 1859, in Cincinnati; Ohio, where he resides. He commenced the study of the organ in Cincinnati under George E. Whiting. He afterwards went to the Conservatory of Leipsic, where he studied orchestration and composition under Reinecke and Jadassohn, and piano under Zwintscher. Later he went to London and studied organ under Turpin and Stauner. Here he also took a course in voice culture under William Shakespeare and E. Behnke. He is the dean of the College of Music in Cincinnati, principal of the Organ Department, teacher of voice culture and theory, and director of the Musical Department of the Winona Lake Chautauqua, He has been organist of all the leading churches in Cincinnati and formerly filled the same position in the Tabernacle, Loudon, England. He is the composer of several musical works for orchestra and organ, and has composed a requiem for chorus and orchestra, and a number of anthems and songs. He was one of the organists at the World's Fair at Chicago in 1893, and has made successful concert tours in Germany, England and the United States. Stewart, H. J. Born in London, in 1856. He received his musical education in that city under Sir Julius Benedict and Sir John Goss. He is a graduate of Oxford University, has been organist of various churches in London and is at present the organist of Trinity Episcopal Church, San Francisco, Cal. His important musical compositions are the operas: “Bluff King Hal," "His Majesty” and “The Conspirators.” These three operas have been pro duced with success in San Francisco He is also the composer of an oratorio, “The Nativity,” and a number of songs and com petitions for church use. In 1900 Dr. Stewart won the Clemson gold medal for his anthem, "I Beheld, and Lo, a Great Multitude," awarded by the Guild of American Organists, of which Mr. Stewart is one of the founders. Mr. Stewart is an active mem ber of the New York Manuscript Society. Thunder, Henry Gordon Born December 15, 1865, in Philadelphia, Pa., where he resides He was educated by H. G. Thunder, Sr., and Charles H. Jarvis of Philadelphia. He is the conductor of the Choral Society of Philadelphia. He has been conductor of the Symphony Orches tra and organist of St. Augustine, St. Patrick and St. James Churches. He has composed a Mass and several choruses. He is a member of the American Organ Players' Club and one of the founders of the Guild of American Organists. — 24 — �Tipton, James Benton Born November 4, 1854, in Oxford, England, and lives in Albany, N. Y. He was educated in Oxford by Sir John Stainer, Mus. Doc., M. A., and Sir Walter Barratt, Mus. Doc. He is now organist and choirmaster in the Cathedral of All Saints, Al bany. He has been organist of St. Barnabas Church, Oxford, England; St Augustine Church, Lilbourn, London; St. Luke's Church, Baltimore: and St. Clement's Church, Philadelphia. His most important musical composition is a collection of church music. The degree Mus. Doc. was conferred on him by St. Stephen's College, Annandale. Truette, Everette E. Born March 14, 1861, in Rockland, Mass. In 1881 he gradu ated from the New England Conservatory of Music in organ, piano, harmony, theory, counterpoint and the art of conduct ing. Two years later he graduated from the Boston University with the degree of Bachelor of Music, after which he went to Berlin and Paris fur further study. His American teachers were Henry M. Dunham, Stephen A. Emery and Alfred D. Turner. In Berlin he was a pupil of Augustus Haupt and in Paris of Alexandre Guilmant. On his return from Europe he located in Boston, and was engaged as organist and director of music in three prominent churches of that city. He is now organist and choirmaster of Eliot Church, Newton, Mass., conductor of the Newton Choral Association and editor of the Organ Department of “The Etude," Philadelphia. He is the author of several anthems and organ compositions. Tyler, Abram Ray Born December 24, 1868, in Brooklyn, N. Y. He studied music under Dudley Buck, William Mason and Edward Bow man in New York City, He is now organist and choirmaster in the New York Avenue Methodist Episcopal Church, Brooklyn. He has been selected to fill the same position in the Church of the Pilgrims, Brooklyn. He is secretary of the Guild of American Organists and a member of the Organ Recital Committee of the Advisory Board of the Department of Music in the Brooklyn In stitute of Arts and Sciences. He formerly held the Position of Organist in the Third Unitarian Church, the Hanson Place Baptist Church and St. James’ Protestant Episcopal Church, all of Brooklyn. He is the composer of several anthems and songs. — 25 — �Vibbard, Harry Leonard Born November 14, 1870, in Limestone, N. Y., and lives in Syracuse, N. Y. He was educated in Buffalo and Syracuse by Wm. Kaffenberger, Geo. A. Parker and Wm. Berwald, He is organ ist of Park Presbyterian Church, of the “Society of Concord," and the Jewish Synagogue of Syracuse. He is instructor in music in the University of Syracuse, He has given a series of organ recitals within the past four years, as well as other concert work. He has been organist of the Fourth Presbyterian and St. James’ Episcopal Churches, Syracuse, and of the First Baptist Church, and director of the Handel and Haydn Society of Olean, N. Y. Vincent, Henry B. Born 1872, in Denver, Col. He resides at Erie, Pa. He was educated by Sherwood, Pauer, Adams, Houseley, Zimmerman and Andrews. He is organist and choirmaster of the First Pres byterian Church of Erie, Pa., is pianist to “Chautauqua," and devotes two months of every year to concert tours. He has filled the position of musical director in Colorado, Ohio, Penn sylvania and New York. He has published an oratorio, “The Prodigal Son." an opera, "Frivolity," a number of vocal, orchestral and piano pieces, a Mass in G and an orchestral suite in G. Warren, Samuel P. Born in Montreal, February 18, 1841, and resides in New York City. He was educated in Berlin under Haupt, Gustav Schu mann and Wieprecht, and was for many years organist of Grace Church, New York City. His first appearance as an organist was at a recital in St. Stephen's Chapel, Montreal, when he was about twelve years of age; afterwards, from 1853 to 1861, he was organist of the American Presbyterian Church, Montreal. Later he moved to New York City, where he became organist of All Souls’ Unitarian Church, and thereafter of the Church of the Holy Trinity. For eight years he was conductor of the New York Vocal Union, His compositions are numerous and well known, and consist of church music, part songs, secular songs, Original compositions and transcriptions for organ. Webster, Andrew T. Born January 16, 1866, in Buffalo, where he still lives. He was educated in Berlin under Xaver and Scharwenka. He is organist and choirmaster in St. Paul’s Church, Buffalo. He has been organist at Westminster and at old St. John’s. He has given a number of organ recitals in St. Paul's Church. — 26 - �Wild, Harrison M. Born March 6, 1861, in Hoboken, New Jersey. He is now a resident of Chicago. His musical education was commenced in Chicago under Creswold and Eddy. It was completed in the Conservatory of Leipsic under Rust, Zumtschen, Maas and Richter. He is now the organist and choirmaster in Grace Episcopal Church, Chicago, and is the conductor of the Apollo Musical Club and the Mendelssohn Club of that city. He had previously been organist in Ascension, Memorial and Trinity Churches of Chicago. Wilkins, Herve Dwight Born August 8, 1848, in Italy, N. Y., and lives in Rochester, N. Y. He was educated in New York by William Courtney and in Berlin by August Haupt, Theodore Kullak, A. Loeschorn and Kotzoll. He is organist and choirmaster in the Third Presby terian Church, Rochester, N. Y. He was organist in the First Baptist Church, Rochester, president of the New York State Music Teachers' Association, director of the Batavia Philharmonic Society, director of the Mendelssohn Vocal Society, a charter member of the Guild of American Organists and organist in St. Peter's Church, Rochester. He is the composer of a number of organ pieces, part songs, two offertories and the Theta Delta Chi song book. He has inaugurated ten large organs in the United States. He is the author of "Musical Thinking and Doing,” and "Choir Technique and Training.” He is the inventor and patentee of a new swell-action for pipe organs. Woodman, Haymond Huntington Born January 18, 1861, in Brooklyn, N. Y., where he lives. He was educated by his father, and by Dudley Buck of New York and Caesar Franck of Paris. He is organist and choirmaster in the First Presbyterian Church, Brooklyn, professor of music in Packer Col­ legiate Institute, warden of the Guild of American Organists, vice-president of the Department of Music of the Brooklyn Institute of Arts and Sciences, and conductor of several musical societies. 1 Ie began his career as a singer in St. George’s Church, Flushing, L. I. At the age of eighteen he became organist of Christ Church, Norwich, Conn. He has composed many songs, anthems, and works for piano and organ. — 27 — �York, Francis L. Born 1861, in Ontonagon, Michigan. He received his musical education in the University of Michigan and later studied with Alexandre Guilmant, Paris. He has been organist in various churches in Detroit, and was teacher of piano, organ and harmony in the University School of Music, Ann Arbor, Mich. lie is organist and choirmaster of Christ P. E. Church, Detroit, teacher of piano, organ and composition in the Detroit Conservatory of Music and in the Stale Normal College, Ypsilanti, Mich. He has composed songs, quartettes, organ arrangements, etc., is the author of a text book on harmony, a contributor to “The Musician," published at Philadelphia, and to other musical journals, and is vice-president of the National Music Teachers' Association. Zehm, Harry J. Born July 30, 1874, in Kutztown, Pa. His residence is in Har­ risburg, He was educated at the Royal Conservatory of Leipsic under Papperitz, Ruthardt, Suardorfand Jadassohn, and in Paris under Guilmant. He is organist of Pine Street Presbyterian Church, director of the South Street Music School and Arion Male Chorus of Harrisburg. He was formerly organist of a church in Kutztown, Pa., and of the First Congregational Church, South Norwalk, Conn., director of the Germania Saengerbund, and teacher of music in Miss Baird’s Institute, Norwalk. He studied abroad seven years. He has composed a number of part songs for male voices and smaller pieces for the piano. There let the pealing organ blow, To the full-voiced choir below, In service high, and anthems clear, As may with sweetness, through mine car, Dissolve me into ecstacies, And bring all heaven before mine eyes. — Milton, Il Penseroso — 28 — �Original copyrighted, 1900, by the Pan-American Exposition Co. "Sacred Music" Rich celestial music thrilled the air From hosts on hosts of shining ones , who thronged Eastward and westward, making bright the night. —Edwin Arnold, Light of Asia. — 29 — �Original copyrighted, 1900, by the Pan-American Exposition Co. "Heroic Music" Yea, music is the Prophet's art; Among the gifts that God hath sent, One of the most magnificent! —Longfellow. — 30 — �Orchestras at the Pan-American Exposition The Pan-American Orchestra The Pittsburgh Orchestra The Pan-American Orchestra. This orchestra was organized especially for the Pan-American Exposition by John Lund, the conductor. It is composed of fifty artists selected from the New York Philharmonic and Boston Symphony Orchestras. John Lund was born in 1859, in Hamburg, Germany. He was educated in the Conservatory of Leipsic, where he studied under Reinicke, Wenzel, Richter and Oscar Paul. He remained in Leipsic from 1876 to 1880, and is a graduate of the Conserva tory. He was from 1880 to 1883 choirmaster at the Opera House in Bremen. From there he went to Stettin, where he was the first conductor of the opera. In 1884 Dr. Walter Damrosch engaged him to be has assistant conductor in the Metropolitan Opera House, New York, which position he held until 1886. In 1887 he was chosen conductor of the Buffalo Orpheus, which position he still holds. For ten years he conducted the con certs of the Symphony Orchestra and was for the same length of time director of the choir of Lafayette Church, Buffalo. Mr. Lund was for ten years conductor of the concerts at Saratoga Springs. He will conduct the Saengerfest, Consisting of five thousand singers, that will meet here June 24-27. Mr. Lund will have charge of the musical program for Dedication Day, May 20. The concert master of the Pan-American Orchestra is Eugene Boegner, who served as assistant concert master with Theodore Thomas. Mr. Boegner was for years a pupil of Joachim, and is a graduate of the Conservatory of Berlin. Mr. Lund has made arrangements to have the music cater to all tastes, though certain days will be set apart for symphony programs. The American composers, Chadwick, Parker, Arthur, Foote, Van der Stucken, Payne, Dudley Buck and others, will be prominently in evidence. The orchestra will also render the choicest compo sitions of Wagner, Mendelssohn, Tschaikofsky, Schumann, Schubert, Saint-Saens, Massenet, Rubenstein and Bizet. John Lund �Victor Headeat The Pittsburgh Orchestra is one of the three great permanent concert orchestras in this country. It was founded by the publicspirited men of Pittsburgh, by whom it is supported. Its incentive came when Andrew Carnegie built Carnegie Music Hall in 1895. Its growth has been remarkable, The sixth regular season of the orchestra—just closed—continued twenty-one weeks, Thirty-six concerts were given in Pittsburgh and forty-five in different cities of the country, extending from Boston to Ann Arbor. The orchestra numbers seventy-three artists. Victor Herbert, the conductor, is eminently qualified to keep the orchestra up to its high standard. He began the study of music early in life under the best European masters. His reputation in America was first earned as leading violoncello player with the Theodore Thomas orchestra. For several years he was first violoncellist and associate conductor with Anton Seidl. The Pittsburgh Orchestra is one of the two concert orchestras engaged by the Pan-American Ex position. The programs will be made up of light music, and the purpose of the concerts—all of which Mr. Herbert will conduct— is to interest and entertain the Exposition visitor. No one in the country is a more successful program-maker, and with the aid of the numerous soloists in the orchestra a great variety of music will be presented. Victor Herbert is the composer of the "Fortune Teller” and the "Singing Girl" —light operas that have made a marked impression upon the American public. His selec tions will be found admirably fitted to entertain the multitudes who will visit the Temple of Music during the afternoons and evenings of October. The Pittsburgh Orchestra shows a vigor and brilliancy in the rendition of light music that has its equal only in the gayest of European capitals—Paris and Vienna. — 32 — �Band Stand In The Plaza. Music is the universal language of mankind. —Longfellow, Outre- Mer, Ancient Spanish Ballads. �Copyright, 1901, by C. D. Arnold. View Of The Plaza, Showing Band Stand At Center. Music arose with its voluptuous swell, Soft eyes look’d love to eyes which spake again, And all went merry as a marriage bell. — Byron. Here will we sit, and let the sounds of music Creep in our ears; soft stintless, and the night, Become the touches of sweet harmony. —Shakespeare, Merchant of Venice. �Pan-American Exposition First Artillery Band, Mexico- 50 men- Capt. Ricardo Pacheco, Director (This band accompanies the detachment of Rurales under command of Capt. Samuel Garcia Cuellar, sent by the Mexican Government as a courtesy to the people of the United States) 74th Regiment Band, Buffalo- 35 men- May 1 to July 31 65th Regiment Band, Buffalo- 35 men- May 1 to July 31 71st Regiment Band, New York- 50 men- May 6 to June 2 13th Band, Hamilton, Ont- 40 men- June 3 to June 9 Sousa's Band, New York- 65 men- June 10 to July 7 Elgin Band, Elgin, Ill- 60 men- July 8 to August 4 Scinta’s Band, Buffalo- 35 men- July 29 to August 25 Carlisle Indian Band, Carlisle, Pa. 40 men . . . July 29 to August 25 Ithaca Band, Ithaca- 35 men- August 5 to August 11 Phinney’s U. S. Band, Chicago- 50 men- August 5 to August 25 Robertson's Band, Albany- 40 men- August 26 to August 31 48th Highlanders, Toronto- 50 men- August 26 to September 1 Kirk’s Band, Cleveland- 40 men- September 2 to September 8 Salem Cadet Band, Salem, Mass- 45 men- September 2 to September 15 Brooke's Marine Band, Chicago- September 9 to October 29 50 men- September 16 to September 21 19th Regiment Band, St. Catharines- 45 menLadies' Military Band, Boston- 30 ladies- September 16 to September 29 Innes’ Band, New York- 60 men- October 7 to October 20 Received Too Late For Classification Detroit Band Porto Rican String Band , 20 piecesWeber’s Band, Cincinnati Two months �Captain Ricardo Pacheco Justus G. Miller First Artillery Hand, of the City of Mexico, is a fine organization composed of forty-five artists. The band now in Buffalo is made up of fifty artists, the Mexican Minister of War having permitted one of the most efficient members from each of the five remaining military bands in the Mexican capital to accompany the First Artillery Band to the Pan-American Exposition. These fifty artists arc under the leadership of Captain Ricardo Pacheco, conductor of the First Artillery Band, and they wear the uniform of this band. The organization has a large repertoire and contains a number of accomplished soloists. It participates in the most select official ceremonies in Mexico. It renders the most difficult music, both classic and military, with a precision and expression that cannot fail to delight the Pan-American audiences. 74th Regiment Band, of Buffalo, will bear its full share in contributing to the entertainment of the visitors to the PanAmerican Exposition. The local musical organizations of the Exposition city rank deservedly high, and have a personal interest in the success of every part of the Exposition. The 74th Infantry Baud has been engaged by the Music Committee for a series of concerts lasting three months. The leader is Mr. Justus G. Miller. Miller's Band was the first brass band organized in Buffalo, its leader being the father of the present bandmaster. It started with ten men, gradually being enlarged until now its roster contains the names of thirty-five, several of whom are chatter members. Six years ago Mr. Miller was appointed bandmaster of the 74th Regiment and in adding his band to that organization aug mented its fame. The hand has been heard in Buffalo during the past five years at the Park concerts and has won a lasting place in the hearts of the music-loving people. — 36 — �65th Regiment Band, of Buffalo, was organised by the regimental band leader, John Powell, December, 1893. It is composed of thirty-five artists. The band has participated in many notable ceremonies and always accompanies the regiment. It was with the 65th Regiment during the Spanish War and has been out on all the tours of field service. The repertoire of the hand contains, besides the full range of military music, a large number of the most classic compositions. Those who have listened to its performances in this city attest the fact that its music will add much to the delight of the visitors to the PanAmerican Exposition. 71st Regiment Band, of New York City, is one of the best known organisations of the kind in this country. It was organized in 1897. It consists of fifty artists, for ordinary occasions, but this number has been frequently augmented to eighty and one hundred when the band has given special concerts in the Metropolitan Opera House or Madison Square Garden. It was the official band at the inauguration of Greater New York, and has been selected to lake part in the more notable ceremonies — 37 — John Powell �Francesco Fanciulli George Robinson that have occurred in the metropolis of late years. The leader is Francesco Fanciulli, an accomplished musician, who, after a series of successes in his native country, Italy, came to America in 1876. His first engagement to play land music was made with Gilmore, for whom he wrote a number of musical selections. For five years he was leader of the Marine Band at Washington. He left the National capital for New York and was at once elected leader of the 71st Band. This band will be a considerable factor in the pleasure to be derived from the con certs given in the Pan-American grounds. Fanciulli is a prolific composer, his greatest work being a grand opera, “Priscilla," or the "Landing of the Pilgrims," soon to be produced. 13th Regiment Band, of Hamilton, Ontario, was organized October 6, 1866. It contains forty members. The conductor is Mr. George Robinson. In 1871 the music of the band created a most favorable impression in Berlin, Germany, on the occasion of the peace jubilee. It has made a number of successful concert tours in Canada and the United States. On one occasion, while playing in Washington City, the 13th visited Mount Vernon and played a funeral dirge at the tomb of Washing with the Union Jack draped over the bass drum. This graceful compliment to the memory of the first Commander-in-Chief of the American army called forth many favorable comments from the press of the United States. Sousa’s Band, of New York. John Philip Sousa was born November 6, 1856, in Washington, D. C., where he studied music under John Esputa, and harmony and composition under George Felix Benkert. In 1880 he was appointed leader of the bandof the United States Marine Corps, attached to the President’s house hold, serving until August 1, 1892, under Presidents Hayes, Garfield, Arthur, Cleveland and Harrison, He resigned in 1892 and organized his present famous concert band, which has given- 38 �Sousa's band at the Dedication of the American Pavilion, at the Paris Exposition, May 12, 1900 concerts in every city and town in the United Stales and Canada, as well as in forty European cities, He is the author of a number of musical compositions —the march being his specialty—which are popular throughout the world. The band contains sixtyfive artists. Musical history does not chronicle an achievement approaching Sousa's triumphal tour through Europe last summer. The accomplishment rose to the dignity of international importance, and it was nothing less than an American triumph. Previous to this invasion of the musical strongholds of the Old World, no musical organization from the United Stateshad, within a quarter of a century, undertaken a tour abroad. As soon as it was announced that Sousa's Band had been appointed the official American band at the Paris Exposition, it was planned that after the engagement al the Exposition was filled, the organization should visit a number of cities in France, Germany, Belgium and Holland. On Saturday, May 5, the band gave its first concert at the Grand Palais des Beaux Arts, in the Exposition, in the pres ence of thousands. The success of the opening concert was brilliant in every way. For nearly two weeks the band gave daily concerts to tremendous audiences. After filling an eleven days' engagement at the Paris Exposition, Sousa's Band started on a tour of the continent, living first received at Brussels and Liege, with great enthusiasm. Sousa then took his men direct to Berlin, where they played at the New Royal Opera House for eight days. At the opening concert the audience included the American Ambassador and Consul General Count Hochberg, the Emperor's General Intendant of the Royal Theaters, as well — 39 — John Philip Sousa �"The Stars and stripes forever" Paris Exposition as all the musicians of the German capital, The success of the band in Berlin was a repetition of its Paris triumph and secured an attendance that broke all the records of the New Royal Opera House. Continuing the tour, Sousa was next heard in Hamburg for eight days, Bremen and Hanover two days each, Leipsic, Dresden and Munich four days each, Frankfort and Col ogne three days each, and Halle, Nuremberg, Wurzburg, Bad Nauheim, Wiesbaden and Aixla-Chapel one day each. Sousa then returned to Paris, officiating at the dedication of the Washington monu ment on July 3, and resuming his daily concerts at the Exposition. On July 4, the American band played before the President of the French Republic, at the dedication of the Lafayette monument, when Sousa's new march, composed for the occasion, "Hail to the Spirit, of Liberty," was played for the first time. He subsequently serenaded the American Ambassador at his official reception that afternoon. In the evening, in a beautiful pavilion that had been erected for the occasion, Sousa gave a concert of French and American music that lasted until one in the morning, and which was attended by more than forty thousand people. For the second time that day the city authorities stopped all traffic in the center of Paris for Sousa and his band—something unprecedented. The enthusiasm at this special concert was unbounded and at its conclusion Sousa was thanked by a delegation from the Students’ Association of Paris. After concluding four weeks of concerts at the Exposition, the band returned to Germany for a second tour. The return engagement at the New Royal Opera House in Berlin lasted for nine days and its success was a repetition of the first series of concerts there. Other cities visited during this second tour were Mannheim, Heidelberg, Strassburg, Mayence, Stuttgart, Baden-Baden, Frankfort, Madgeburg, Cassel, Dusseldorf and Cologne. Crossing the frontier into Holland, Sousa gave ten days of concerts in Amsterdam, the Hague, Haarlem, Breda, Utrecht, Nymwegen and Armheim, closing the European tour in Amsterdam on August 26, before the largest audience that ever assembled in the Palace of Industry, John Philip Sousa and his band will spend a month at the Pan-American Exposition. The management hopes the Exposition grounds will hold the audiences that will greet America’s "March King.” — 40 — �Elgin Band, of Elgin, Illinois, is composed of sixty members. It first came into prominence at the World’s Columbian Fair. Since that time it has given a great many successful concerts throughout the United States. The accomplished leader of the kind is Prof. Hecker, a native of Germany, where he com menced the study of music at the age of six. Professor Hecker was for ten years a bandmaster in the English army and then went to Canada. He is a composer as well as a leader, and he has been especially active in arranging music for bands. He has the distinction of being the first person who ever arranged a symphony fora band. When he was a bandmaster in the English army, in 1873, he wrote the first one, and the other bandmasters laughed at him. When he sent the copy to his publishers they refused to have anything to do with it. He guaranteed the expanse and it was published, and now no hand in the country would be without one or more symphonies on its list. Scinta’s Band, of Buffalo, New York, was organized by Serafino Scinta who after playing with a number of musical organ izations determined to establish a band of his own. Previous to coming to this country he had been a member of a number of leading bands in Italy. His original organization in this city consisted of about twenty-five young men from 12 to 16 years of age. In 1896 the number was increased to thirty-five performers, — 41 — Joseph Hecker Serafino Sointa �and Mr. Oscar J. Besser was engaged as business manager. Since that date the band has filled a number of important engagements, in which they have fully sustained their enviable local reputation. Carlisle Indian Band, of Carlisle, Pa., occupies a unique position in the history of American band music and deserves an especial notice. The band was organized in 1880, the year after the establishment of the school of which the Indian boys are members. The amount appropriated by the Government at this time for the support of the school did not permit of the purchase of instruments for a band. Mrs. Walter Baker, of Boston, who during a visit to the school had become greatly interested in all that was being done for the Indians, presented the school with its first set of band instruments. From this small beginning the organization has grown and progressed until, from the simplest tunes with which it began, it now renders such music as “Tannhauser," “William Tell," “Rienzi,” “Jubel,” “Semiramide" and other classical music by Grieg, Schubert, Rossini, Weber, Mozart and Wagner. The first band instructor was a lady cornetis; afterward an ex-army bandmaster; then Dennison Wheel ock, an Oneida Indian and a graduate of the school, under whom it won many laurels. The present bandmaster is Mr. J. B. Ettinger. The players arc selected from 25 tribes, including the Apaches of Arizona, the Sioux, Pueblos, Shoshones, Oneidas and other noted tribes of the United States. The band is not in any sense a “Wild West show/’ with buckskin uniforms, long hair and beaded regalia, but a concert band of up-to-date character. The music is refined and includes many compositions which it is usually thought only a grand orchestra can render acceptably. This band will undoubtedly be a great attraction to visitors at the Pan-Ameri can Exposition and increase the general interest the people of the United States have always shown in the Indian School at Carlisle. — 42 — �Ithaca Band, of Ithaca, New York, was organized by its conductor, Mr. Patrick Conway, who combined new talent with what had been the 50th Regiment Band of that city, in 1895. It ranks high as a local organization and is in demand for all entertainments where a fine musical program is desired. The band is composed of thirty-five artists. Phinney's United States Band (formerly the Iowa State Kind), of Chicago and New York, consists of fifty artists. It has been in existence over fifteen years, during which time it has given over 5,000 concerts in the principal cities of the United States. The founder and conductor is Mr. Frederick Phinney. The reputation of the band became national during its six months' engagement at the World’s Columbian Exposition, when millions of people, representing every country, listened to its concerts. Since that time the band has played at nearly every large exposi tion, national and political convention and celebration. The secret of the excellence of Phinney's Band lies in the fact that every member is an artist, many of whom are capable of execut ing intricate solos, and each member fully understands what is ex pected of him by the leader in every point of phrasing and tone. With a musical library aggregating several thousand pieces and experts employed in arranging new selections, with a band that can play difficult selections without rehearsal, Mr. Phinney is never at a loss to provide, on short notice a unique and appropriate — 43 — Patrick Conway Frederick Pkinney �program. This band will commence an extended concert tour beginning with its appearance at the Pan-American Exposition. The program arranged for the coming tour will include a grand concert first part, closing with a spectacular production, “From Battlefield to Fireside." The band is under the exclusive man agement of the Central Lyceum Bureau, of Rochester, Chicago and Kansas City. Alfred S. Bendell Miss Mayo Cookingham Robertson's Band, of Albany, N. Y., consists of forty musicians. Miss Mayo Cookingham, contralto soloist and Mr. Alfred S. Bendell, violin soloist, will accompany the band to the Pan-American Exposition. Mr. Orville A. Robertson, director and manager, isa cornet soloist, and makes a specialty of the sym pathetic rendering of the ballad. He is, perhaps, the youngest bandmaster among the number invited to participate in the Pan American festivities. In spite of this fact, he conducts without music, having memorized the extensive repertoire which his band performs, 48th Highlanders Band, of Toronto, Canada, was first formed of volunteer instrumentalists, mostly of Scotch descent, in the year — 44 — �1893. It was placed under the leadership of a bandmaster from England, who organized a very efficient band, which soon found much favor with the Canadian public. The strength of the band is fifty performers, and dressed in the regulation Highland uniform, consisting of the kilt, doublet, plaid and feather bonnet, it makes a striking appearance when on parade or filling an engagements In 1896 Mr. John Skitter was chosen bandmaster, a post he con tinues to fill. The organization lias just returned from a most successful lour through the United States. After filling the engagement at the Pan-American Exposition the 48th Highlan ders will visit Glasgow and Australia. In addition to the highclass concerts given by the Highlanders, the band is accompanied by a Scotch laddie, who executes famous Scotch dances, and by accomplished vocal soloists, who sing the popular airs of Caledonia to an orchestral accompaniment by the Kind. Salem Cadet Band, of Salem, Mass., was organized in 1878, by the conductor and agent, Mr. Jean M. Missud, at the request of the commanding officer of the Second Corps of Cadets, Massachusetts Volunteer Militia. It is composed of forty-five artists. It has also been the official band of the Ancient and Honorable Artillery Company of Massachusetts, since 1885. It accom panied this organization to Europe. The band has given concerts in all the large cities of the United Statesand Canada, in Liver pool and London, and played for the Prince of Wales at Marl borough House. Brooke's Marine Band, of Chicago, was founded by its conductor, Thomas Preston Brooke, who had previously been a member of the famous Gilmore Band. Ona number of occasions — 45 — John Slatter Jean m. Missud �Thomas Preston Brooke Mr. Brooke acted as leader of Gilmore’s Band when that organ ization played his own compositions. Brooke's Marine Band consists of fifty performers and is frequently insisted by eminent vocal and instrumental soloists. For the past six years its services have been almost continuously in demand. It has appealed in nearly every part of the Untied States. The band is under the direction of the Central Lyccum Bureau, of Rochester, New York and Chicago. Miss Grace Hardy Miss Bella Yeaton B. Ladies' Military Band, of Boston, is the only complete organization of the kind in the United States. It consists of thirty young lady artists. It was organized in 1890. During the season of 1898-99 it made a tour of the United States and Ontario, covering the larger cities. It scored so great a financial and artistic success that the company was re-engaged for a second season before the close of the first tour. It is assisted by Miss Minna Van Buren, dramatic soprano. It is under the direction of Mr. D. W. Howards of Boston. — 46 — �19th Regiment Band, of St. Catharines, Ontario, was organized July 1, 1897. Its conductor is William Peel, of York shire, England. It contains forty-five artists. The band has given a number of successful concerts tn the United States and Canada. William Peel Innes’ Band, of sixty artists, led by the bandmaster whose name it bears, will play during the dosing month of the PanAmerican Exposition. Innes is famous for the revolutionary changes he hits made in the instrumentation of the concert band. He has invaded the orchestral field. A tone is produced which is most delightful in its way, and by methods which seem to have occurred to no one else. It is quality of tone rather than quantity at which he aims, and this is one of the secrets Of his success. Delicacy of shading isanother of ids strong points. Under his baton the most intricate classical selections arc successfully interpreted. Music deemed hitherto beyond the scope of reeds and brass is performed so admirably as to suggest a symphonic orchestra. These effects are largely brought about by an overwhelming preponderance of wood-wind instruments in association with string bosses, harps and an augmented grouping of saxophones. Innes and his band have appeared at every prominent exposition in America, including those held at Chicago, — 47 - F. N. Innes �Atlanta, Nashville, Omaha, St. Louis and Pittsburg. The organ ization is universally conceded to he distinctive in its classandits engagement will be recognized as giving an attractive addition to the musical features of the Exposition, In this connection it is interesting to know that lanes is said to have one of the most unique collections of sacred music in existence. Many of the works represented come down from the second and third centuries one original manuscript going back, so far as can be judged, twenty-five hundred years before the birth of Christ. This last composition is engraved upon what is supposed to have been a tablet in an Egyptian temple, excavated some years ago by the well-known Egyptologist, Kloermann, and is, so far as can be deciphered, a chant of praise to the god Ra. The library also contains several very valuable specimens of the early Gregorian chant. Many of the primitive Christian anthems and Jewish hymns are represented in this magnificent collection. Mr. Innes has been many years collecting these works. He has transcribed some of these unique compositions for the modern band, and the effect is said to be of supreme interest not alone to the cultivated car but also to the ordinary listener. Music crept by me upon the water; Allaying both their fury and my passion, With its sweet air. Shakespeare, [illegible] Tempest. � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Pan-American Exposition of 1901 Description An account of the resource The Pan-American Exposition was held in Buffalo, New York from May 1 to November 2, 1901. Buffalo was chosen as the location because of its size (at the time it was the eighth largest city in the U.S. with a population of approximately 350,000) and also because of its well suited railway connections. The grounds spread across 342 acres and were located between Delaware Park Lake to the south, the New York Central railroad track to the north, Delaware Avenue to the east, and Elmwood Avenue to the west. The Exposition included educational exhibits as well as a Midway. The educational exhibits showcased the latest advancements in technology, most notably electricity. A major feature was electric lighting which utilized hydroelectric power generated in nearby Niagara Falls. Many of the Exposition buildings, including the prominent Electric Tower, were covered in light-bulbs creating a beautiful and unprecedented sight. The Pan-American Exposition also hosted some of the top engine manufacturers of the time. These companies provided “working exhibits” that actually functioned in the day-to-day operation of the Exposition. The Midway at the Pan-American Exposition provided visitors with entertainment and consisted of more than 42 exhibits. Some of the main attractions of the Midway included the “House Upside Down,” “Cleopatra’s Temple”, and the “Foreign Villages.” The Pan-American Exposition is most widely known as the location of President McKinley’s assassination. On September 6, 1901, while in a receiving line at the Exposition’s Temple of Music, President McKinley was shot twice by anarchist, Leon Czolgosz. McKinley was taken to the Exposition’s hospital where he was operated on by a number of prominent Buffalo surgeons including Roswell Park. The President was then taken to the home of John Milburn, head of the Exposition’s Board of Directors, to recover. After his condition appeared to improve, McKinley eventually died on September 14, 1901 in the Milburn home due to infection and gangrene from the gun shot wounds. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context LIB-005 Subject The topic of the resource Pan-American Exposition (1901 : Buffalo, N.Y.) Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived State University of New York at Buffalo. University Archives Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available State University of New York at Buffalo. University Libraries Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Document A resource containing textual data. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context LIB-005_0430 Is Part Of A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included. LIB-005 Pan-American Exposition of 1901. LIB-005 Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Book illustrations, Programs Title A name given to the resource Gay Music Alternative Title An alternative name for the resource. The distinction between titles and alternative titles is application-specific. Gay Music Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Konti, Isidore Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived © 2001-2004 The Libraries, University at Buffalo Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Buffalo (N.Y.) Subject The topic of the resource Pan-American Exposition (1901:Buffalo) Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="https://rightsstatements.org/page/NoC-US/1.0/">NO COPYRIGHT – UNITED STATES</a>. The organization that has made the Item available believes that the Item is in the Public Domain under the laws of the United States, but a determination was not made as to its copyright status under the copyright laws of other countries. The Item may not be in the Public Domain under the laws of other countries. Please refer to the organization that has made the Item available for more information. Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available State University of New York at Buffalo. University Libraries https://digital.lib.buffalo.edu/files/original/9cd7e1927a94b0733ac699a193845f20.pdf 0d6e4cc7b5bbc4b6913ccfa299371b99 PDF Text Text Buffalo Men At The Execution. Sheriff Caldwell and Charles R. Huntley Saw Czol gosz Die. Their Impressions. Both Say that Czolgosz Gave No Evidence of Fear in the Death Chamber. Did Not Utter A Groan. Sheriff Caldwell and Charles R. Huntle y returned from Auburn shortly after 1 o'clock this afternoon, having witnessed the execution of Leon F. Czolgosz, the slayer of President McKinley. Ask ed about the execution, Mr. Huntley said to a Commercial reporter: “There is really little to be said about it. The case has been described cor rectly in the newspapers. I rend them on my way up from Auburn and find that they picture the proceeding accu rately. Czolgosz did not show any signs of fear and he did not tremble or turn pule; he walked into the death room bet ween two men, and walked with a firm step. He stumbled as he mine into the room but did not full, nor did his knees weaken. I was quite surprised at his demeanor, as was everyone else, I should say. Hewas perfectly strong and calm. He just slid himself into the chair ex actly as a man might who expected to enjoy a half hour's repose. The fact that in a moment a dentil current was to be forced through him did not seem to perturb him hi the least. “Yes, I heard him make the statements accredited to him. He spoke very plain ly and in a voice which did not waver in the slightest degree. He said find that he was not sorry for having killed the President, and, as the straps which bound his jaws were put in place, he said that he was sorry he could not see his father. Everyone in the room must have heard and understood him. He had expressed a desire to speak, so it was claimed, after getting in the pres ence of the witnesses, He winded every one to hoar him. It was supposed, therefore, that whatever talking he in tended to do he Would do before getting Into the chair. It was a general surprise to hear his voice after the men had begun to mix the electrodes. The witnes were somewhat startled and were amazed at the man's calmness. We all kept our eyes on him and listened most attentively. But the men at work beside him and in front, of him did not pause. They kept on affixing the appliances . Evidently Czolgosz had prepared something to say and what be said was part of his prepared piece. That, is my thought of the matter. I wouldn’t say that he tried to make a hero of him self. There was no spirit of bravado manifest at all. He said a few things just as if he felt it his duty to say them." “Did he tremble or grow pale as the straps were put in place?" was naked, "No, not at all. He was collected and calm every moment, to all appearances. Sheriff Caldwell, who was with me, said he looked hotter and more sel-possessed than he looked during the trial here in Buffalo. His face had the normal amount or color in it, and his hands didn’t tremble a hit. "The majesty of the law was perfectly sustained," continued Mr. Huntley. "There wasn't a bitch anywhere and not an incident which could merit the faintest criticism. Czolgosz was sentenced to die in the electric chair, and his death was effected quickly and certainly. It was but an incredibly short time after the murderer walked into the death chamber when the doctors in attendance pronounced him dead. There bad been no scene; no one had fainted or grown excited. Everyone conducted himself with remarkable sang-frold. The attendants were busy right up to the moment of turning on the current, and had but stepped hack when the body of the (assassin was in the grasp of the powerful current. As I have said not a thing marred the formality. Everything went off smoothly, according to a schedule carefully planned." Sheriff Caldwell's impression. Sheriff Samuel Caldwell was naked by a Commercial reporter as to his impressions of the execution of the assassin, lie replied: "I was impressed with the idea that the assassin was a man of great nerve. Although guards had hold of his arms. the prisoner could have walked unaided to the chair. Aside from the prisoner’s last words, there was not a sound in the death chamber, and the prisoner himself gave no evidence of fear. "As soon as he had been seated in the chair and his face covered so that his nose and mouth were alone exposed. Warden Mead raised his hand and Electrician Davis turned on the current which snuffed oat the prisoner’s life as with a snap of the finger. The electric ian then felt the prisoner’s jugular vein. Dr. MacDonald did the same, and was followed by Prison Physician Gerin. The doctors thru stepped back, and Warden Mead again raised his hand. Again the current was applied and was continued about 50 seconds. hen the electricity was again shut "W off, the physicians examined the body by the usual means, and at the end pronounced that the man was dead. The witnesses left the death chamber before the body was removed to the operating table in the autopsy room. I signed the document. swearing that I saw the electrocution of the assassin. The doctors remained for the autopsy, but I came homo immediately. "The prisoners nerve was evidenced by his conduct from the moment he en tered the death chamber. No groan encoded him, and his lips did not even move except when he was making is final statement to the effect that be did net resent his crime. When the elec tricity entered the assassin's body it stif fened with successive jerks, but death was so quick that be did not have time to groan." � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Pan-American Exposition of 1901 Description An account of the resource The Pan-American Exposition was held in Buffalo, New York from May 1 to November 2, 1901. Buffalo was chosen as the location because of its size (at the time it was the eighth largest city in the U.S. with a population of approximately 350,000) and also because of its well suited railway connections. The grounds spread across 342 acres and were located between Delaware Park Lake to the south, the New York Central railroad track to the north, Delaware Avenue to the east, and Elmwood Avenue to the west. The Exposition included educational exhibits as well as a Midway. The educational exhibits showcased the latest advancements in technology, most notably electricity. A major feature was electric lighting which utilized hydroelectric power generated in nearby Niagara Falls. Many of the Exposition buildings, including the prominent Electric Tower, were covered in light-bulbs creating a beautiful and unprecedented sight. The Pan-American Exposition also hosted some of the top engine manufacturers of the time. These companies provided “working exhibits” that actually functioned in the day-to-day operation of the Exposition. The Midway at the Pan-American Exposition provided visitors with entertainment and consisted of more than 42 exhibits. Some of the main attractions of the Midway included the “House Upside Down,” “Cleopatra’s Temple”, and the “Foreign Villages.” The Pan-American Exposition is most widely known as the location of President McKinley’s assassination. On September 6, 1901, while in a receiving line at the Exposition’s Temple of Music, President McKinley was shot twice by anarchist, Leon Czolgosz. McKinley was taken to the Exposition’s hospital where he was operated on by a number of prominent Buffalo surgeons including Roswell Park. The President was then taken to the home of John Milburn, head of the Exposition’s Board of Directors, to recover. After his condition appeared to improve, McKinley eventually died on September 14, 1901 in the Milburn home due to infection and gangrene from the gun shot wounds. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context LIB-005 Subject The topic of the resource Pan-American Exposition (1901 : Buffalo, N.Y.) Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived State University of New York at Buffalo. University Archives Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available State University of New York at Buffalo. University Libraries Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Document A resource containing textual data. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre text. Original Format If the image is of an object, state the type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data Newspapers Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Buffalo men at the execution Description An account of the resource Impressions from the execution of Czolgosz. Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Clippings Alternative Title An alternative name for the resource. The distinction between titles and alternative titles is application-specific. Sheriff Caldwell and Charles R. Huntley saw Czolgosz die Is Part Of A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included. LIB-005 Pan-American Exposition of 1901. LIB-005 Subject The topic of the resource CzolgoszLeon F.1873-1901; McKinleyWilliam--1843-1901 -- Assassination.; Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="https://rightsstatements.org/page/NoC-US/1.0/">NO COPYRIGHT – UNITED STATES</a>. The organization that has made the Item available believes that the Item is in the Public Domain under the laws of the United States, but a determination was not made as to its copyright status under the copyright laws of other countries. The Item may not be in the Public Domain under the laws of other countries. Please refer to the organization that has made the Item available for more information. Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available State University of New York at Buffalo. University Libraries Czolgosz electrocution execution https://digital.lib.buffalo.edu/files/original/c561ea2768f17cc40da93700c1d283d0.jpg 5a8010c9bb661a8a92092e53ab4d3db3 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Description An account of the resource Interior hall with rows of chairs, large American flags, and stage area. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Pan-American Exposition of 1901 Description An account of the resource The Pan-American Exposition was held in Buffalo, New York from May 1 to November 2, 1901. Buffalo was chosen as the location because of its size (at the time it was the eighth largest city in the U.S. with a population of approximately 350,000) and also because of its well suited railway connections. The grounds spread across 342 acres and were located between Delaware Park Lake to the south, the New York Central railroad track to the north, Delaware Avenue to the east, and Elmwood Avenue to the west. The Exposition included educational exhibits as well as a Midway. The educational exhibits showcased the latest advancements in technology, most notably electricity. A major feature was electric lighting which utilized hydroelectric power generated in nearby Niagara Falls. Many of the Exposition buildings, including the prominent Electric Tower, were covered in light-bulbs creating a beautiful and unprecedented sight. The Pan-American Exposition also hosted some of the top engine manufacturers of the time. These companies provided “working exhibits” that actually functioned in the day-to-day operation of the Exposition. The Midway at the Pan-American Exposition provided visitors with entertainment and consisted of more than 42 exhibits. Some of the main attractions of the Midway included the “House Upside Down,” “Cleopatra’s Temple”, and the “Foreign Villages.” The Pan-American Exposition is most widely known as the location of President McKinley’s assassination. On September 6, 1901, while in a receiving line at the Exposition’s Temple of Music, President McKinley was shot twice by anarchist, Leon Czolgosz. McKinley was taken to the Exposition’s hospital where he was operated on by a number of prominent Buffalo surgeons including Roswell Park. The President was then taken to the home of John Milburn, head of the Exposition’s Board of Directors, to recover. After his condition appeared to improve, McKinley eventually died on September 14, 1901 in the Milburn home due to infection and gangrene from the gun shot wounds. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context LIB-005 Subject The topic of the resource Pan-American Exposition (1901 : Buffalo, N.Y.) Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived State University of New York at Buffalo. University Archives Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available State University of New York at Buffalo. University Libraries Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Still Image A static visual representation. Examples of still images are: paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type "text" to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context LIB-005_0427 Is Part Of A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included. LIB-005 Pan-American Exposition of 1901. LIB-005 Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Book illustrations, Photographic prints Title A name given to the resource Interior of the Temple of Music , scene of the shooting of President William McKinley Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Collection of the Buffalo and Erie County Historical Society. In Thomas E. Leary and Elizabeth C. Sholes, Buffalo's Pan-American Exposition, Charleston, S.C. : Arcadia Press, 1998, p. 123 Description An account of the resource On Exposition grounds Interior views Another, interior view of the Temple of Music after Mckinley's Assassination An interior hall is arranged with rows of chairs facing a stage area. Large American flags hang as decoration, with one draped on the back wall and another draped over a structure in the foreground. Potted plants are placed near the decorated structure. Subject The topic of the resource CzolgoszLeon F.1873-1901 McKinleyWilliam--1843-1901 -- Assassination. Pan-American Exposition--(1901:Buffalo, N.Y.)--Temple of Music Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="https://rightsstatements.org/page/NoC-US/1.0/">NO COPYRIGHT – UNITED STATES</a>. The organization that has made the Item available believes that the Item is in the Public Domain under the laws of the United States, but a determination was not made as to its copyright status under the copyright laws of other countries. The Item may not be in the Public Domain under the laws of other countries. Please refer to the organization that has made the Item available for more information. Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available State University of New York at Buffalo. University Libraries assassination McKinley McKinley, Assassination https://digital.lib.buffalo.edu/files/original/3900fdfaa1958e88e4148dc762f747a8.jpg aba3ab797edd1962da75e91003539ef5 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Pan-American Exposition of 1901 Description An account of the resource The Pan-American Exposition was held in Buffalo, New York from May 1 to November 2, 1901. Buffalo was chosen as the location because of its size (at the time it was the eighth largest city in the U.S. with a population of approximately 350,000) and also because of its well suited railway connections. The grounds spread across 342 acres and were located between Delaware Park Lake to the south, the New York Central railroad track to the north, Delaware Avenue to the east, and Elmwood Avenue to the west. The Exposition included educational exhibits as well as a Midway. The educational exhibits showcased the latest advancements in technology, most notably electricity. A major feature was electric lighting which utilized hydroelectric power generated in nearby Niagara Falls. Many of the Exposition buildings, including the prominent Electric Tower, were covered in light-bulbs creating a beautiful and unprecedented sight. The Pan-American Exposition also hosted some of the top engine manufacturers of the time. These companies provided “working exhibits” that actually functioned in the day-to-day operation of the Exposition. The Midway at the Pan-American Exposition provided visitors with entertainment and consisted of more than 42 exhibits. Some of the main attractions of the Midway included the “House Upside Down,” “Cleopatra’s Temple”, and the “Foreign Villages.” The Pan-American Exposition is most widely known as the location of President McKinley’s assassination. On September 6, 1901, while in a receiving line at the Exposition’s Temple of Music, President McKinley was shot twice by anarchist, Leon Czolgosz. McKinley was taken to the Exposition’s hospital where he was operated on by a number of prominent Buffalo surgeons including Roswell Park. The President was then taken to the home of John Milburn, head of the Exposition’s Board of Directors, to recover. After his condition appeared to improve, McKinley eventually died on September 14, 1901 in the Milburn home due to infection and gangrene from the gun shot wounds. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context LIB-005 Subject The topic of the resource Pan-American Exposition (1901 : Buffalo, N.Y.) Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived State University of New York at Buffalo. University Archives Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available State University of New York at Buffalo. University Libraries Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Still Image A static visual representation. Examples of still images are: paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type "text" to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context LIB-005_0426 Is Part Of A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included. LIB-005 Pan-American Exposition of 1901. LIB-005 Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Book illustrations Title A name given to the resource Interior of the Temple of Music after President McKinley's shooting Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Arnold, Charles Dudley Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived President McKinley's Pan-American Address at Buffalo, N. Y., With a Short Biographical Sketch of the Late President. Buffalo, N. Y. : Bensler & Wesley Printers, [1901.] Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Buffalo (N.Y.) Description An account of the resource On Exposition grounds Interior views Interior view of the site of McKinley's assassination, the Temple of Music An interior view of a hall shows a row of folding chairs arranged in front of a stage. Large American flags are draped on the walls, and potted plants are placed near the decorated area. Subject The topic of the resource CzolgoszLeon F.1873-1901 McKinleyWilliam1843-1901 McKinleyWilliam--1843-1901 -- Assassination. Pan-American Exposition--(1901:Buffalo, N.Y.)--Temple of Music Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="https://rightsstatements.org/page/NoC-US/1.0/">NO COPYRIGHT – UNITED STATES</a>. The organization that has made the Item available believes that the Item is in the Public Domain under the laws of the United States, but a determination was not made as to its copyright status under the copyright laws of other countries. The Item may not be in the Public Domain under the laws of other countries. Please refer to the organization that has made the Item available for more information. Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available State University of New York at Buffalo. University Libraries assassination site https://digital.lib.buffalo.edu/files/original/b862031ceac46b74d15169ec1622cb9e.jpg 8ddfc2d5f8b1510db580a8a18930873e Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Description An account of the resource Domed Temple of Music building with ornate detailing and arched windows. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Pan-American Exposition of 1901 Description An account of the resource The Pan-American Exposition was held in Buffalo, New York from May 1 to November 2, 1901. Buffalo was chosen as the location because of its size (at the time it was the eighth largest city in the U.S. with a population of approximately 350,000) and also because of its well suited railway connections. The grounds spread across 342 acres and were located between Delaware Park Lake to the south, the New York Central railroad track to the north, Delaware Avenue to the east, and Elmwood Avenue to the west. The Exposition included educational exhibits as well as a Midway. The educational exhibits showcased the latest advancements in technology, most notably electricity. A major feature was electric lighting which utilized hydroelectric power generated in nearby Niagara Falls. Many of the Exposition buildings, including the prominent Electric Tower, were covered in light-bulbs creating a beautiful and unprecedented sight. The Pan-American Exposition also hosted some of the top engine manufacturers of the time. These companies provided “working exhibits” that actually functioned in the day-to-day operation of the Exposition. The Midway at the Pan-American Exposition provided visitors with entertainment and consisted of more than 42 exhibits. Some of the main attractions of the Midway included the “House Upside Down,” “Cleopatra’s Temple”, and the “Foreign Villages.” The Pan-American Exposition is most widely known as the location of President McKinley’s assassination. On September 6, 1901, while in a receiving line at the Exposition’s Temple of Music, President McKinley was shot twice by anarchist, Leon Czolgosz. McKinley was taken to the Exposition’s hospital where he was operated on by a number of prominent Buffalo surgeons including Roswell Park. The President was then taken to the home of John Milburn, head of the Exposition’s Board of Directors, to recover. After his condition appeared to improve, McKinley eventually died on September 14, 1901 in the Milburn home due to infection and gangrene from the gun shot wounds. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context LIB-005 Subject The topic of the resource Pan-American Exposition (1901 : Buffalo, N.Y.) Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived State University of New York at Buffalo. University Archives Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available State University of New York at Buffalo. University Libraries Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Still Image A static visual representation. Examples of still images are: paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type "text" to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context LIB-005_0425 Is Part Of A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included. LIB-005 Pan-American Exposition of 1901. LIB-005 Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Promotional materials Title A name given to the resource Temple of Music, scene of the Assassination of Wm. McKinley, Buffalo, N.Y. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived collection of the Music Library. University at Buffalo, the State University of New York. Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Buffalo (N.Y.) Description An account of the resource On Exposition grounds Exterior views Color Postcard of Temple of Music with inset of President McKinley A color illustration depicts a domed building with elaborate architectural details, including arched windows, sculptural ornamentation, and decorative reliefs. The structure is labeled as the Temple of Music in Buffalo, New York. Subject The topic of the resource McKinleyWilliam1843-1901 McKinleyWilliam--1843-1901 -- Assassination. Pan-American Exposition--(1901:Buffalo, N.Y.)--Temple of Music Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="https://rightsstatements.org/page/NoC-US/1.0/">NO COPYRIGHT – UNITED STATES</a>. The organization that has made the Item available believes that the Item is in the Public Domain under the laws of the United States, but a determination was not made as to its copyright status under the copyright laws of other countries. The Item may not be in the Public Domain under the laws of other countries. Please refer to the organization that has made the Item available for more information. Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available State University of New York at Buffalo. University Libraries assassination site https://digital.lib.buffalo.edu/files/original/1e5d1e8c47c3fcd04a82bb4dc06afea5.jpg 44fcc862fb0224bdd6a28129d1f0e23f Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Description An account of the resource Multi-story brick building with arched windows and horse-drawn carriages on the street. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Pan-American Exposition of 1901 Description An account of the resource The Pan-American Exposition was held in Buffalo, New York from May 1 to November 2, 1901. Buffalo was chosen as the location because of its size (at the time it was the eighth largest city in the U.S. with a population of approximately 350,000) and also because of its well suited railway connections. The grounds spread across 342 acres and were located between Delaware Park Lake to the south, the New York Central railroad track to the north, Delaware Avenue to the east, and Elmwood Avenue to the west. The Exposition included educational exhibits as well as a Midway. The educational exhibits showcased the latest advancements in technology, most notably electricity. A major feature was electric lighting which utilized hydroelectric power generated in nearby Niagara Falls. Many of the Exposition buildings, including the prominent Electric Tower, were covered in light-bulbs creating a beautiful and unprecedented sight. The Pan-American Exposition also hosted some of the top engine manufacturers of the time. These companies provided “working exhibits” that actually functioned in the day-to-day operation of the Exposition. The Midway at the Pan-American Exposition provided visitors with entertainment and consisted of more than 42 exhibits. Some of the main attractions of the Midway included the “House Upside Down,” “Cleopatra’s Temple”, and the “Foreign Villages.” The Pan-American Exposition is most widely known as the location of President McKinley’s assassination. On September 6, 1901, while in a receiving line at the Exposition’s Temple of Music, President McKinley was shot twice by anarchist, Leon Czolgosz. McKinley was taken to the Exposition’s hospital where he was operated on by a number of prominent Buffalo surgeons including Roswell Park. The President was then taken to the home of John Milburn, head of the Exposition’s Board of Directors, to recover. After his condition appeared to improve, McKinley eventually died on September 14, 1901 in the Milburn home due to infection and gangrene from the gun shot wounds. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context LIB-005 Subject The topic of the resource Pan-American Exposition (1901 : Buffalo, N.Y.) Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived State University of New York at Buffalo. University Archives Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available State University of New York at Buffalo. University Libraries Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Still Image A static visual representation. Examples of still images are: paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type "text" to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context LIB-005_0419 Is Part Of A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included. LIB-005 Pan-American Exposition of 1901. LIB-005 Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Clippings, Photographic prints Title A name given to the resource Buffalo police headquarters Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1901-09-08 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Buffalo Courier, September 8, 1901 Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Buffalo (N.Y.) Description An account of the resource Exterior views Picture of the Buffalo Police headquarters A large multi-story brick building with arched windows and corner turrets stands on a city street. Several people and horse-drawn carriages are visible in front of the building. Subject The topic of the resource CzolgoszLeon F.1873-1901 McKinleyWilliam--1843-1901 -- Assassination. Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="https://rightsstatements.org/page/NoC-US/1.0/">NO COPYRIGHT – UNITED STATES</a>. The organization that has made the Item available believes that the Item is in the Public Domain under the laws of the United States, but a determination was not made as to its copyright status under the copyright laws of other countries. The Item may not be in the Public Domain under the laws of other countries. Please refer to the organization that has made the Item available for more information. Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available State University of New York at Buffalo. University Libraries Czolgosz's arrest https://digital.lib.buffalo.edu/files/original/b18db122b4a3fe39cbedf148768c3cbc.jpg 2d219c858630595afbc19af9a6a6f977 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Description An account of the resource Grainy portrait of a person in a suit and tie with a mustache. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Pan-American Exposition of 1901 Description An account of the resource The Pan-American Exposition was held in Buffalo, New York from May 1 to November 2, 1901. Buffalo was chosen as the location because of its size (at the time it was the eighth largest city in the U.S. with a population of approximately 350,000) and also because of its well suited railway connections. The grounds spread across 342 acres and were located between Delaware Park Lake to the south, the New York Central railroad track to the north, Delaware Avenue to the east, and Elmwood Avenue to the west. The Exposition included educational exhibits as well as a Midway. The educational exhibits showcased the latest advancements in technology, most notably electricity. A major feature was electric lighting which utilized hydroelectric power generated in nearby Niagara Falls. Many of the Exposition buildings, including the prominent Electric Tower, were covered in light-bulbs creating a beautiful and unprecedented sight. The Pan-American Exposition also hosted some of the top engine manufacturers of the time. These companies provided “working exhibits” that actually functioned in the day-to-day operation of the Exposition. The Midway at the Pan-American Exposition provided visitors with entertainment and consisted of more than 42 exhibits. Some of the main attractions of the Midway included the “House Upside Down,” “Cleopatra’s Temple”, and the “Foreign Villages.” The Pan-American Exposition is most widely known as the location of President McKinley’s assassination. On September 6, 1901, while in a receiving line at the Exposition’s Temple of Music, President McKinley was shot twice by anarchist, Leon Czolgosz. McKinley was taken to the Exposition’s hospital where he was operated on by a number of prominent Buffalo surgeons including Roswell Park. The President was then taken to the home of John Milburn, head of the Exposition’s Board of Directors, to recover. After his condition appeared to improve, McKinley eventually died on September 14, 1901 in the Milburn home due to infection and gangrene from the gun shot wounds. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context LIB-005 Subject The topic of the resource Pan-American Exposition (1901 : Buffalo, N.Y.) Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived State University of New York at Buffalo. University Archives Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available State University of New York at Buffalo. University Libraries Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Still Image A static visual representation. Examples of still images are: paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type "text" to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context LIB-005_0418 Is Part Of A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included. LIB-005 Pan-American Exposition of 1901. LIB-005 Title A name given to the resource District attorney Thomas Penney Subject The topic of the resource Public prosecutors--New York (State)--Erie County PenneyThomas1859-1933 McKinleyWilliam1843-1901--Assassination Description An account of the resource Another photographic portrait of the prosecutor in the trial of Leon F. Czolgosz for the assassination of President William McKinley in 1901. A grainy black-and-white portrait shows Thomas Penney in formal attire, including a suit and tie, with a mustache. He is positioned against a dark background. Medium The material or physical carrier of the resource. Portrait photographs Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="https://rightsstatements.org/page/NoC-US/1.0/">NO COPYRIGHT – UNITED STATES</a>. The organization that has made the Item available believes that the Item is in the Public Domain under the laws of the United States, but a determination was not made as to its copyright status under the copyright laws of other countries. The Item may not be in the Public Domain under the laws of other countries. Please refer to the organization that has made the Item available for more information. Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available State University of New York at Buffalo. University Libraries attorney Penney, Thomas prosecutor https://digital.lib.buffalo.edu/files/original/78965836b0b6ac32502f061b2ad13cf3.jpg c0e56d011e65f40bc1efc3c99180396d Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Description An account of the resource Oval portrait of a person in a suit with a mustache. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Pan-American Exposition of 1901 Description An account of the resource The Pan-American Exposition was held in Buffalo, New York from May 1 to November 2, 1901. Buffalo was chosen as the location because of its size (at the time it was the eighth largest city in the U.S. with a population of approximately 350,000) and also because of its well suited railway connections. The grounds spread across 342 acres and were located between Delaware Park Lake to the south, the New York Central railroad track to the north, Delaware Avenue to the east, and Elmwood Avenue to the west. The Exposition included educational exhibits as well as a Midway. The educational exhibits showcased the latest advancements in technology, most notably electricity. A major feature was electric lighting which utilized hydroelectric power generated in nearby Niagara Falls. Many of the Exposition buildings, including the prominent Electric Tower, were covered in light-bulbs creating a beautiful and unprecedented sight. The Pan-American Exposition also hosted some of the top engine manufacturers of the time. These companies provided “working exhibits” that actually functioned in the day-to-day operation of the Exposition. The Midway at the Pan-American Exposition provided visitors with entertainment and consisted of more than 42 exhibits. Some of the main attractions of the Midway included the “House Upside Down,” “Cleopatra’s Temple”, and the “Foreign Villages.” The Pan-American Exposition is most widely known as the location of President McKinley’s assassination. On September 6, 1901, while in a receiving line at the Exposition’s Temple of Music, President McKinley was shot twice by anarchist, Leon Czolgosz. McKinley was taken to the Exposition’s hospital where he was operated on by a number of prominent Buffalo surgeons including Roswell Park. The President was then taken to the home of John Milburn, head of the Exposition’s Board of Directors, to recover. After his condition appeared to improve, McKinley eventually died on September 14, 1901 in the Milburn home due to infection and gangrene from the gun shot wounds. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context LIB-005 Subject The topic of the resource Pan-American Exposition (1901 : Buffalo, N.Y.) Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived State University of New York at Buffalo. University Archives Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available State University of New York at Buffalo. University Libraries Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Still Image A static visual representation. Examples of still images are: paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type "text" to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context LIB-005_0417 Is Part Of A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included. LIB-005 Pan-American Exposition of 1901. LIB-005 Title A name given to the resource Thomas Penney Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1905-03-16 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Men of Buffalo: A Collection of Portraits of Men Who Deserve to Rank as Typical Representatives of the Best Citizenship, Foremost Activities and Highest Aspirations of the City of Buffalo. Chicago: A.N. Marquis & Co., 1902, p. 359. Subject The topic of the resource Public prosecutors--New York (State)--Erie County PenneyThomas1859-1933 McKinleyWilliam1843-1901--Assassination Description An account of the resource Photographic portrait of attorney Thomas Penney who, as Erie County District Attorney, successfully prosecuted Leon F. Czolgosz for the assassination of President William McKinley in 1901. A black-and-white oval portrait depicts Thomas Penney in formal attire with a suit, high-collared shirt, and tie. He has a mustache and is shown facing slightly to the side. Medium The material or physical carrier of the resource. Portrait photographs Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="https://rightsstatements.org/page/NoC-US/1.0/">NO COPYRIGHT – UNITED STATES</a>. The organization that has made the Item available believes that the Item is in the Public Domain under the laws of the United States, but a determination was not made as to its copyright status under the copyright laws of other countries. The Item may not be in the Public Domain under the laws of other countries. Please refer to the organization that has made the Item available for more information. Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available State University of New York at Buffalo. University Libraries attorney Penney, Thomas prosecutor https://digital.lib.buffalo.edu/files/original/841bb16f44c6664b17d70f2cdc4b483c.jpg 94cfb930ccf0ab1327377f8cf5bfe9eb Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Description An account of the resource Oval sepia portrait of a person in a suit with a bow tie and mustache. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Pan-American Exposition of 1901 Description An account of the resource The Pan-American Exposition was held in Buffalo, New York from May 1 to November 2, 1901. Buffalo was chosen as the location because of its size (at the time it was the eighth largest city in the U.S. with a population of approximately 350,000) and also because of its well suited railway connections. The grounds spread across 342 acres and were located between Delaware Park Lake to the south, the New York Central railroad track to the north, Delaware Avenue to the east, and Elmwood Avenue to the west. The Exposition included educational exhibits as well as a Midway. The educational exhibits showcased the latest advancements in technology, most notably electricity. A major feature was electric lighting which utilized hydroelectric power generated in nearby Niagara Falls. Many of the Exposition buildings, including the prominent Electric Tower, were covered in light-bulbs creating a beautiful and unprecedented sight. The Pan-American Exposition also hosted some of the top engine manufacturers of the time. These companies provided “working exhibits” that actually functioned in the day-to-day operation of the Exposition. The Midway at the Pan-American Exposition provided visitors with entertainment and consisted of more than 42 exhibits. Some of the main attractions of the Midway included the “House Upside Down,” “Cleopatra’s Temple”, and the “Foreign Villages.” The Pan-American Exposition is most widely known as the location of President McKinley’s assassination. On September 6, 1901, while in a receiving line at the Exposition’s Temple of Music, President McKinley was shot twice by anarchist, Leon Czolgosz. McKinley was taken to the Exposition’s hospital where he was operated on by a number of prominent Buffalo surgeons including Roswell Park. The President was then taken to the home of John Milburn, head of the Exposition’s Board of Directors, to recover. After his condition appeared to improve, McKinley eventually died on September 14, 1901 in the Milburn home due to infection and gangrene from the gun shot wounds. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context LIB-005 Subject The topic of the resource Pan-American Exposition (1901 : Buffalo, N.Y.) Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived State University of New York at Buffalo. University Archives Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available State University of New York at Buffalo. University Libraries Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Still Image A static visual representation. Examples of still images are: paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type "text" to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context LIB-005_0415 Is Part Of A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included. LIB-005 Pan-American Exposition of 1901. LIB-005 Title A name given to the resource J. Warren Mead Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1901-10-29 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Buffalo Courier. Courtesy of the Buffalo and Erie County Public Library, Pan-American Exposition Scrapbooks Collection. Description An account of the resource Photographic portrait of J. Warren Mead, the warden at Auburn State Prison, who filed the death certificate for the electrocution of Leon F. Czolgosz who was found guilty of President William McKinley's assassination in 1901. A sepia-toned oval portrait shows J. Warren Mead dressed in formal attire with a suit, bow tie, and mustache. The background is plain and unadorned. Subject The topic of the resource Prison wardens--New York (State)--Auburn MeadJ. Warren1845-1913 McKinleyWilliam1843-1901--Assassination Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Medium The material or physical carrier of the resource. Portrait photographs Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="https://rightsstatements.org/page/NoC-US/1.0/">NO COPYRIGHT – UNITED STATES</a>. The organization that has made the Item available believes that the Item is in the Public Domain under the laws of the United States, but a determination was not made as to its copyright status under the copyright laws of other countries. The Item may not be in the Public Domain under the laws of other countries. Please refer to the organization that has made the Item available for more information. Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available State University of New York at Buffalo. University Libraries Auburn State Prison Mead, J. Warren warden https://digital.lib.buffalo.edu/files/original/e41ca253672444e5bd9b5bc16c2e6207.jpg 14a41b38db12477ceb6f57253fabded0 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Description An account of the resource Portrait of an older person with a beard wearing a suit and bow tie. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Pan-American Exposition of 1901 Description An account of the resource The Pan-American Exposition was held in Buffalo, New York from May 1 to November 2, 1901. Buffalo was chosen as the location because of its size (at the time it was the eighth largest city in the U.S. with a population of approximately 350,000) and also because of its well suited railway connections. The grounds spread across 342 acres and were located between Delaware Park Lake to the south, the New York Central railroad track to the north, Delaware Avenue to the east, and Elmwood Avenue to the west. The Exposition included educational exhibits as well as a Midway. The educational exhibits showcased the latest advancements in technology, most notably electricity. A major feature was electric lighting which utilized hydroelectric power generated in nearby Niagara Falls. Many of the Exposition buildings, including the prominent Electric Tower, were covered in light-bulbs creating a beautiful and unprecedented sight. The Pan-American Exposition also hosted some of the top engine manufacturers of the time. These companies provided “working exhibits” that actually functioned in the day-to-day operation of the Exposition. The Midway at the Pan-American Exposition provided visitors with entertainment and consisted of more than 42 exhibits. Some of the main attractions of the Midway included the “House Upside Down,” “Cleopatra’s Temple”, and the “Foreign Villages.” The Pan-American Exposition is most widely known as the location of President McKinley’s assassination. On September 6, 1901, while in a receiving line at the Exposition’s Temple of Music, President McKinley was shot twice by anarchist, Leon Czolgosz. McKinley was taken to the Exposition’s hospital where he was operated on by a number of prominent Buffalo surgeons including Roswell Park. The President was then taken to the home of John Milburn, head of the Exposition’s Board of Directors, to recover. After his condition appeared to improve, McKinley eventually died on September 14, 1901 in the Milburn home due to infection and gangrene from the gun shot wounds. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context LIB-005 Subject The topic of the resource Pan-American Exposition (1901 : Buffalo, N.Y.) Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived State University of New York at Buffalo. University Archives Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available State University of New York at Buffalo. University Libraries Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Still Image A static visual representation. Examples of still images are: paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type "text" to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context LIB-005_0414 Is Part Of A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included. LIB-005 Pan-American Exposition of 1901. LIB-005 Title A name given to the resource Loran Lewis Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1901-10-00 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived American Monthly Review of Reviews, v.24, no.4 (October 1901) p. 390. Subject The topic of the resource Criminal defense lawyers--New York (State)--Buffalo LewisLoran L.1825-1916 McKinleyWilliam1843-1901--Assassination Description An account of the resource Portrait photograph of Loran Lewis, one of the defense attorneys in the trial of Leon F. Czolgosz for the assassination of President William McKinley in 1901. A black-and-white portrait depicts Loran Lewis with a full beard and short hair, dressed in a suit with a bow tie. The background is plain and softly shaded. Medium The material or physical carrier of the resource. Portrait photographs Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="https://rightsstatements.org/page/NoC-US/1.0/">NO COPYRIGHT – UNITED STATES</a>. The organization that has made the Item available believes that the Item is in the Public Domain under the laws of the United States, but a determination was not made as to its copyright status under the copyright laws of other countries. The Item may not be in the Public Domain under the laws of other countries. Please refer to the organization that has made the Item available for more information. Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available State University of New York at Buffalo. University Libraries attorney counsel for the defense Czolgosz, Leon Lewis, Loran Trial https://digital.lib.buffalo.edu/files/original/234b43afecca61809bdc63d48e85b86e.jpg 7b079159d166e9ed7c3e8b40dd0934cb Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Description An account of the resource Portrait of a person in a suit with a mustache and patterned tie. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Pan-American Exposition of 1901 Description An account of the resource The Pan-American Exposition was held in Buffalo, New York from May 1 to November 2, 1901. Buffalo was chosen as the location because of its size (at the time it was the eighth largest city in the U.S. with a population of approximately 350,000) and also because of its well suited railway connections. The grounds spread across 342 acres and were located between Delaware Park Lake to the south, the New York Central railroad track to the north, Delaware Avenue to the east, and Elmwood Avenue to the west. The Exposition included educational exhibits as well as a Midway. The educational exhibits showcased the latest advancements in technology, most notably electricity. A major feature was electric lighting which utilized hydroelectric power generated in nearby Niagara Falls. Many of the Exposition buildings, including the prominent Electric Tower, were covered in light-bulbs creating a beautiful and unprecedented sight. The Pan-American Exposition also hosted some of the top engine manufacturers of the time. These companies provided “working exhibits” that actually functioned in the day-to-day operation of the Exposition. The Midway at the Pan-American Exposition provided visitors with entertainment and consisted of more than 42 exhibits. Some of the main attractions of the Midway included the “House Upside Down,” “Cleopatra’s Temple”, and the “Foreign Villages.” The Pan-American Exposition is most widely known as the location of President McKinley’s assassination. On September 6, 1901, while in a receiving line at the Exposition’s Temple of Music, President McKinley was shot twice by anarchist, Leon Czolgosz. McKinley was taken to the Exposition’s hospital where he was operated on by a number of prominent Buffalo surgeons including Roswell Park. The President was then taken to the home of John Milburn, head of the Exposition’s Board of Directors, to recover. After his condition appeared to improve, McKinley eventually died on September 14, 1901 in the Milburn home due to infection and gangrene from the gun shot wounds. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context LIB-005 Subject The topic of the resource Pan-American Exposition (1901 : Buffalo, N.Y.) Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived State University of New York at Buffalo. University Archives Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available State University of New York at Buffalo. University Libraries Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Still Image A static visual representation. Examples of still images are: paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type "text" to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context LIB-005_0413 Is Part Of A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included. LIB-005 Pan-American Exposition of 1901. LIB-005 Title A name given to the resource Carlton E. Ladd Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1901-09-19 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Digitized microfilm photocopy - Buffalo Courier Subject The topic of the resource Criminal defense lawyers--New York (State)--Buffalo LaddCarlton E.1873-1936 McKinleyWilliam1843-1901--Assassination Description An account of the resource Portrait photograph of Carlton E. Ladd, one of the defense attorneys in the trial of Leon F. Czolgosz for the assassination of President William McKinley in 1901. A black-and-white portrait shows Carlton E. Ladd in a suit with a patterned tie and high-collared shirt. The background is plain with light shading. Medium The material or physical carrier of the resource. Portrait photographs Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="https://rightsstatements.org/page/NoC-US/1.0/">NO COPYRIGHT – UNITED STATES</a>. The organization that has made the Item available believes that the Item is in the Public Domain under the laws of the United States, but a determination was not made as to its copyright status under the copyright laws of other countries. The Item may not be in the Public Domain under the laws of other countries. Please refer to the organization that has made the Item available for more information. Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available State University of New York at Buffalo. University Libraries attorney counsel for the defense Czolgosz, Leon Ladd, Carlton Trial https://digital.lib.buffalo.edu/files/original/9ec93e1a5638fc877aa4ec0298dfb6b4.pdf 67c7c413f0789b215523fd5ff99f4301 PDF Text Text THE HANDERCHIEF. Secret Service Detective Gallaher Produced it in Court. A!Lm·t J.. G11Hn~er, secret ••Mtlre det.·d-h•1.. ,,·a~ cnllt't:l to tho stuucl ut 11.10 o"do("l; Uo t QJ(I Mr, l'~con~y Jtlts l.mJo<i.. 11 ~~:-l nn1l t e~tifi \'(1 Ull\t ba WJ\$ :;tnndiog t'igb.t Or ten ft•('t nom Prcshleot 1\Je{o;iu· l•·r ·wbeu h£> WI" IS Hhot, He nd<led: ' '1 Wl.IS there to ·k f''eJ> t bft j)(!0()1u mo,~lng. 1'1w l't'"<:l"Dtion , bnd lte.<m going ou only -n. !c\\' mvO!l'tlbs wl.letl two shuts ·w ere fil'Ctl. "1 looked tlOd s-nw thl" d('f~llflant- stand· ing •1i!·Pctly .., in front or the: Pre~hlc-ot with wnlorhln~t white nlld smoking lo 11ls ll<U>d. I SJ>rnu~; !orword, t\ll.d IHu>.rd J,i"~t~r·s \·olr e. sny: •Get the g un, AJ.; gt!t tllr~ t:nn,' "lJl tb~ d<'r~nOunrs llnu~ W<IS the "\Ill nu,J n hnu<lk~•·chiet nl>out lt. He ,\•ati l)·iu~: rJn the floorY " Dirl -,;·m• ,g~t the "I tli~. l'ff,·oh,~r-7" but someone l<uoekod it out m\· llilud." "l)itl you .. ~ct cho ot hoo<ll<er~.bler1" " I di.V' liJ(nxe y(IH tbnt hnndkt!rcl.Jiet ucsw?" "J bn ve.11 ~('hen ~Am~ oua Of those Juteuse m o - lllt'llt...- ·w lJcu th~ nerve ot e\"e.ry JJOul iu t.,hC' conrt·rooU\ wn~ stroincd. Mr. Gnllohor rvuchc<l in hl• ~out oocket mHl Witbtln~w th~ bandkf.>rchiet w!Jich WtiK Ol'CH' !hO i"fl!t'OJ\o<!'r n•bfch 1V.f\$ USed ou. t.hf! Prc~;Hleu t.. It w us pnsHatl to th~ nttONII..'YS t or t h .. ile((•nlle, whn -in bnuU.:h'~ it rJ'OUl (lDC tO ll~Other. lHllliWd i-t bc.COI'U t11e -:!1lre of Otolgosz. 'l'be Jn tte:r h•"' 1\.ls h<"lll· · t [ tclt sorncom•":ii nrm tu·_ o uutl rny nc~l\.'' t'C'~Hiflt:ll' Mr. t'":tllJJah•••'. "l•llt llroltc f\ Wl\:t nnd ronfencd whh Mr. Oot•tclyou, w llv to!ll uh: t(;J J:vt lfh; ;..~m. I tourtd it lu t 11l 1 :.>Q~t·~\ll<m or ll r.oroot•nl." "'l"hi$ h rrnclkfl-r!!hit!f." ;;nhJ llisu·ts:t At· SOliU, t o ru~.r r~un e,,·, Hhus heen in you r si<"•n ~Yc-r siocc -t.h~ i!h.uot in&r1 ~.It l \1t~.-.. Ju<1~c Lowls :~t 1hi~ jnn~ure <ttos.•H !' 'Xfl ~:~nn UQJ'. ••no~s l11e h,m ~lkl'rt•hiQC bOJ;M t!Jo rook Ulte a nali.etl b ~~ ,;It rluos not. lt luol:s llko .tt smllU 1J,uulk<.1rchi~?t tot n g.?'r).t lemnn." t!'be -w itness wru; cx.cnecd. l:ah•'.s hl1ndket'~hie-cr· (H)S.';eS:· 11 � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Pan-American Exposition of 1901 Description An account of the resource The Pan-American Exposition was held in Buffalo, New York from May 1 to November 2, 1901. Buffalo was chosen as the location because of its size (at the time it was the eighth largest city in the U.S. with a population of approximately 350,000) and also because of its well suited railway connections. The grounds spread across 342 acres and were located between Delaware Park Lake to the south, the New York Central railroad track to the north, Delaware Avenue to the east, and Elmwood Avenue to the west. The Exposition included educational exhibits as well as a Midway. The educational exhibits showcased the latest advancements in technology, most notably electricity. A major feature was electric lighting which utilized hydroelectric power generated in nearby Niagara Falls. Many of the Exposition buildings, including the prominent Electric Tower, were covered in light-bulbs creating a beautiful and unprecedented sight. The Pan-American Exposition also hosted some of the top engine manufacturers of the time. These companies provided “working exhibits” that actually functioned in the day-to-day operation of the Exposition. The Midway at the Pan-American Exposition provided visitors with entertainment and consisted of more than 42 exhibits. Some of the main attractions of the Midway included the “House Upside Down,” “Cleopatra’s Temple”, and the “Foreign Villages.” The Pan-American Exposition is most widely known as the location of President McKinley’s assassination. On September 6, 1901, while in a receiving line at the Exposition’s Temple of Music, President McKinley was shot twice by anarchist, Leon Czolgosz. McKinley was taken to the Exposition’s hospital where he was operated on by a number of prominent Buffalo surgeons including Roswell Park. The President was then taken to the home of John Milburn, head of the Exposition’s Board of Directors, to recover. After his condition appeared to improve, McKinley eventually died on September 14, 1901 in the Milburn home due to infection and gangrene from the gun shot wounds. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context LIB-005 Subject The topic of the resource Pan-American Exposition (1901 : Buffalo, N.Y.) Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived State University of New York at Buffalo. University Archives Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available State University of New York at Buffalo. University Libraries Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Still Image A static visual representation. Examples of still images are: paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type "text" to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context LIB-005_0376 Is Part Of A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included. LIB-005 Pan-American Exposition of 1901. LIB-005 Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Clippings Title A name given to the resource "The Handerchief [sic]. Secret Service Detective Gallaher Produced it in Court." Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Buffalo Commercial, September 24, 1901. Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Buffalo (N.Y.) Subject The topic of the resource CzolgoszLeon F.1873-1901 Buffalo City Hall (Buffalo, N.Y.) Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="https://rightsstatements.org/page/NoC-US/1.0/">NO COPYRIGHT – UNITED STATES</a>. The organization that has made the Item available believes that the Item is in the Public Domain under the laws of the United States, but a determination was not made as to its copyright status under the copyright laws of other countries. The Item may not be in the Public Domain under the laws of other countries. Please refer to the organization that has made the Item available for more information. Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available State University of New York at Buffalo. University Libraries Trial testimony https://digital.lib.buffalo.edu/files/original/01e350941bd1a63402a21d17cf670d62.pdf 40e851d04b3a4032789f9042e6fdd1c9 PDF Text Text Cost of the Trial. Not Heavy, Owing Largely to the Dispatch with Which it Was Conducted. One Bill Allowed. Three Hundred Dollars for Dr. Carlo F. MacDonald, insanity Expert— Fees of Counsel for the Defense. The coat of the trial of Leon F. Czolgosz for the murder of President Mc Kinley is at present entirely problematical. Only one alienist has rendered a bill fur his services as an expert, and nothing has been done regarding the question of counsel fees for the attorneys for the defense. Rumors have been heard to the effect that no claim for counsel fees would be submitted by the assassin's attorneys, but the basis for these rumors could not be learned. Dr. Carlos F. MacDonald, the eminent alienist of New York city, presented a claim fur $300, and Justice White in part 3 of the supreme court allowed it upon the certificate of District Attorney Penney and Judge Titus. Dr. MacDonald desired to return at once to New York, so the court considered his claim without waiting for the other alienists to submit their bills. Dr MacDonald was brought to Buf falo by the Erie County Bar Association to assist Judges Lewis and Titus In their conduct of the defense of the prisoner. He found that Czolgosz was perfectly sane, and so reported to the counsel for the defense, and to Mr. Penney. As a result of that report Mr, Penury decided to hold him as a witnes for the proscention in event of an insanity plea being interposed. As is well known, his services were not needed, hut hr was in attendance during the two days of the trial, bring here four days in all. He arrived Saturday after noon and remained until Tuesday evening. Dr. MacDonald made three examinations of the prisoner, each lasting from an hour to two hours, so that his comperantion was at the rate of $100 per examinaton . Four other alienists also examined the murder, and they will undoubtedly submit claims for compensation for their services. They were Dr. Floyd S. Crego, Dr. Joseph Fowler, Dr. James W. Putnam and Dr. Arthur W. Hurd, all of Buffalo, The three first-mentioned were retained by Mr. Penney shortly after the shooting, and each examined the prisoner four times. Dr. Hurd joined Dr. MacDonald in his examinations. Dr. Hurd will probably submit a claim for $300, the same as Dr. MacDanald's, and, at the same ratio of $100 an examintion, the other three Buffalo alienists may present claims for $400 each. These bills of the Inanity exports will be submitted to Justice White in a few days as soon as the excitement attendant upon the trial, sentence and removal of the prisoner has died down somewhat. Eric county will be compelled to foot these bills, as well as any claim for counsel fees under the code of criminal proredu . Aside from these, bills of two other experts will have to be passed upon by the court, namely, those for the chemical and bactorlolgical examination of the bullets and the revolver with which the murder was committed. Dr. Herbert N. Hill, city chemist, made a chemical examination, and Dr. Herman G. Matzinger a bacteriological examination of Czolgosz's revolver and the three bullets left therein, to determine whether or not poison was used. These examina tions proved that poison was not used, and Hint question was eliminated from the trial, nevertheless the doctors will bare to be paid. It is thought that not more than $50 will be allowed to each of these experts. Considerable discussion has been heard as to the amount to be allowed the counsel for the defendant for their services upon the trial of Czolgoaz. The question often arias whether each attorney can recieve the limit of $300 allowed by law, or whether that sum would have to be divid ed among the attorneys where more ban one serve. In this case there were three, namely, Judge Lewis, Judge Titus and Attorney Carlton E. Ladd. In view of the discussion, the law in the question in Interest ing. The section of the rode of criminal pr]ce dure which applies to this case is as fol ows: Section 308-Defendant appearing for arraignment without counsel to be Informed of bis right to counsel. If the defendant appear for arraignment without counsel, he must be asked if he desire the aid of counsel, and if he does the court must assign counsel. When services are rendered by counsel in pursunce of each assignment in a case where the offense is punishable by death, or an appeal from a judgement of death, the court in which the defendant is tried or the notion or indictment to otherwise disposed of, or by which the appeal to finally determined, may allow such counsel his personal and incidental expenses upon a verified statement thereof bring filed with the clerk of such court, and also reasonable compensation for his secives in such court, not exceeding the sum of $500, which allow. once shall be a charge upon the county in which the indictment in the action to found, to be paid out of the court fund, upon the certificate of the judge or Justice presiding at the trial or otherwise disposing of the indictment, or upon the certificate of the appellate court, but no such allowance shall be made unless an affdavitt is filed with the clerk of the county by or on behalf of the defendant, showing that he is wholly destitute of means." However, Justice White put an end to the discussion this forenoon when Ite assured a Commercial representative that the amount up to $500 was entirely within the discretion of the court, and that the limit of $500 was Tor all the counsel, Justice White said: "If application to made far counsel fees for the attorneys for the defendant, it rests with the court to grant compensation for an amount not to exceed $500." "Could each attorney receive $500?" was asked. "No. sir, the maximum fee to $500, and it would have to be granted to all counsel." "Do you know whether or not application will be made?" � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Pan-American Exposition of 1901 Description An account of the resource The Pan-American Exposition was held in Buffalo, New York from May 1 to November 2, 1901. Buffalo was chosen as the location because of its size (at the time it was the eighth largest city in the U.S. with a population of approximately 350,000) and also because of its well suited railway connections. The grounds spread across 342 acres and were located between Delaware Park Lake to the south, the New York Central railroad track to the north, Delaware Avenue to the east, and Elmwood Avenue to the west. The Exposition included educational exhibits as well as a Midway. The educational exhibits showcased the latest advancements in technology, most notably electricity. A major feature was electric lighting which utilized hydroelectric power generated in nearby Niagara Falls. Many of the Exposition buildings, including the prominent Electric Tower, were covered in light-bulbs creating a beautiful and unprecedented sight. The Pan-American Exposition also hosted some of the top engine manufacturers of the time. These companies provided “working exhibits” that actually functioned in the day-to-day operation of the Exposition. The Midway at the Pan-American Exposition provided visitors with entertainment and consisted of more than 42 exhibits. Some of the main attractions of the Midway included the “House Upside Down,” “Cleopatra’s Temple”, and the “Foreign Villages.” The Pan-American Exposition is most widely known as the location of President McKinley’s assassination. On September 6, 1901, while in a receiving line at the Exposition’s Temple of Music, President McKinley was shot twice by anarchist, Leon Czolgosz. McKinley was taken to the Exposition’s hospital where he was operated on by a number of prominent Buffalo surgeons including Roswell Park. The President was then taken to the home of John Milburn, head of the Exposition’s Board of Directors, to recover. After his condition appeared to improve, McKinley eventually died on September 14, 1901 in the Milburn home due to infection and gangrene from the gun shot wounds. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context LIB-005 Subject The topic of the resource Pan-American Exposition (1901 : Buffalo, N.Y.) Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived State University of New York at Buffalo. University Archives Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available State University of New York at Buffalo. University Libraries Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Document A resource containing textual data. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre text. Original Format If the image is of an object, state the type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data Newspapers -- New York (State) -- Buffalo Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context LIB-005_0429 Is Part Of A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included. LIB-005 Pan-American Exposition of 1901. LIB-005 Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Clippings Title A name given to the resource Cost of the trial Alternative Title An alternative name for the resource. The distinction between titles and alternative titles is application-specific. Cost of the trial Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1901-09-27 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Buffalo Commercial, September 27, 1901 Description An account of the resource Article about the cost of Czolgosz's trial, Part 2 0f 2 Subject The topic of the resource CzolgoszLeon F.1873-1901 McKinleyWilliam--1843-1901 -- Assassination. Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="https://rightsstatements.org/page/NoC-US/1.0/">NO COPYRIGHT – UNITED STATES</a>. The organization that has made the Item available believes that the Item is in the Public Domain under the laws of the United States, but a determination was not made as to its copyright status under the copyright laws of other countries. The Item may not be in the Public Domain under the laws of other countries. Please refer to the organization that has made the Item available for more information. Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available State University of New York at Buffalo. University Libraries Trial https://digital.lib.buffalo.edu/files/original/aa08af601047ed45e0df9f62fdd7d7d0.pdf d07b188b4a3a066579087811c40b204b PDF Text Text Cost Of Trial To Be Comparatively Small Estimates Make Total Expense to County but Little More Than $5,000, or One-Fourth That in Barone Murder Case. While it is not expected that the Cost of the Czolgosz case will be very great it will no doubt exceed $5,000. Only a few small items have yet been paid by County Auditor Neff, seven witnesses and one Juror. Witnesses are allowed by statute 50 cents a day and eight cents per mile, while the pay to Jurors is $3 a day and mileage. The one Juror who was paid off had been excused and was not oue of the "brave men and true" who served on the jury which convicted the assassin of President McKinley. This juror re ceives besides the $3 for his day's pay the sum of $5.28 for mileage, he hav ing traveled 66 miles. Who he was and where he came from could not be ascer tained, but he was the first man to be paid through the County Auditors office in connection with the Czolgosz case. The majority of the seven witnesses who have received their pay came from out-of-town. Those from Buffalo. In cluding one or two soldiers from the Exposition grounds who were among those witnesses who have been paid, received but 50 cents each for their fees, no mileage being allowed in their cases. Mileage And Pay Today Also. The jurors who convicted Czolgoaz have norm of them as yet received or ders for their pay front Clerk of Court Marlin J. Fisher. They are to be in court again today to hear sentence pronounced upon Czolgosz by Judge White, and will receive pay and mileage for today the same as for the days they served tn hearing the testi mony. But the bill of the Jurors will be in significant as compared to the bills of counsel for the defense, Judge Lewis, Judge Titus and Attorney Ladd. They were assigned by the State as counsel to Czolgosz and the Stale must pay their bills. The very repugnance in which they must have held their con nection with the case would suggest a big fee, and it is estimated that their bill total would not fall much short of $2,000. state law says $500. There is a state law which fixes the fee of aettorneys assigned to prison ers on trial for their life at $500. hut there are Instances where the settle ment of these attorneys bills is left to the discretion of the Court, and the present case will probably be put under theis latter category. The law furnishing counsel for the defense al state expense is some six or seven years old, so District Attorney Penney told a Courier reporter insight. Previously there was no limit to the amount that might be appropri ated for attorneys' fees. The exact in terpretation of this law, as fits the Czolgosz case, is not clear, and the probabilities are that the court itself can settle the question and that it can order the payment of a commensurate fee. Then the bills of the sanity experts will be very heavy, for these men are always Well paid. Allowing about $1,500 for them would bring the expense up to about $3,500 for these two items alone. Additional expenses should bring the cost of the trial to the county up to about $5,000 or more. The cost of the case to the county will be extremely light as compared to the average murder case, the Barone case, for instance, costing between $13,000 and $20,000. � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Pan-American Exposition of 1901 Description An account of the resource The Pan-American Exposition was held in Buffalo, New York from May 1 to November 2, 1901. Buffalo was chosen as the location because of its size (at the time it was the eighth largest city in the U.S. with a population of approximately 350,000) and also because of its well suited railway connections. The grounds spread across 342 acres and were located between Delaware Park Lake to the south, the New York Central railroad track to the north, Delaware Avenue to the east, and Elmwood Avenue to the west. The Exposition included educational exhibits as well as a Midway. The educational exhibits showcased the latest advancements in technology, most notably electricity. A major feature was electric lighting which utilized hydroelectric power generated in nearby Niagara Falls. Many of the Exposition buildings, including the prominent Electric Tower, were covered in light-bulbs creating a beautiful and unprecedented sight. The Pan-American Exposition also hosted some of the top engine manufacturers of the time. These companies provided “working exhibits” that actually functioned in the day-to-day operation of the Exposition. The Midway at the Pan-American Exposition provided visitors with entertainment and consisted of more than 42 exhibits. Some of the main attractions of the Midway included the “House Upside Down,” “Cleopatra’s Temple”, and the “Foreign Villages.” The Pan-American Exposition is most widely known as the location of President McKinley’s assassination. On September 6, 1901, while in a receiving line at the Exposition’s Temple of Music, President McKinley was shot twice by anarchist, Leon Czolgosz. McKinley was taken to the Exposition’s hospital where he was operated on by a number of prominent Buffalo surgeons including Roswell Park. The President was then taken to the home of John Milburn, head of the Exposition’s Board of Directors, to recover. After his condition appeared to improve, McKinley eventually died on September 14, 1901 in the Milburn home due to infection and gangrene from the gun shot wounds. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context LIB-005 Subject The topic of the resource Pan-American Exposition (1901 : Buffalo, N.Y.) Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived State University of New York at Buffalo. University Archives Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available State University of New York at Buffalo. University Libraries Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Document A resource containing textual data. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre text. Original Format If the image is of an object, state the type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data Newspapers Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context LIB-005_0428 Is Part Of A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included. LIB-005 Pan-American Exposition of 1901. LIB-005 Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Clippings Title A name given to the resource Cost of the trial Alternative Title An alternative name for the resource. The distinction between titles and alternative titles is application-specific. Cost of the trial Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1901-09-27 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Buffalo Commercial, September 27, 1901 Description An account of the resource Article about the cost of Czolgosz's trial. Part 1 of 2 Subject The topic of the resource CzolgoszLeon F.1873-1901 McKinleyWilliam--1843-1901 -- Assassination. Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="https://rightsstatements.org/page/NoC-US/1.0/">NO COPYRIGHT – UNITED STATES</a>. The organization that has made the Item available believes that the Item is in the Public Domain under the laws of the United States, but a determination was not made as to its copyright status under the copyright laws of other countries. The Item may not be in the Public Domain under the laws of other countries. Please refer to the organization that has made the Item available for more information. Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available State University of New York at Buffalo. University Libraries Trial https://digital.lib.buffalo.edu/files/original/5bd72a424acb15a0e53250ffd2b70514.pdf 12478a5f923ff94076b62eab9d20477b PDF Text Text In A Special Car. Czolgosz. Carefully Guarded. Hurried From The Jail To Auburn Prison. Czolgosz was removed from the Erie County Jail a few minutes before 10 o'clock last night and taken to Auburn in a special day coach of the New York Central Railroad. He was under guard of Sheriff Samuel Caldwell, Jailor George N. Mitchell and thirteen deputy sheriffs. At exactly 9.40 o'clock an engine drawing a single coach stopped on the curve just south of the Jail. The curtains of the car Were all pulled down. Under-Sheriff Hatch, Supt. Bradfield of the New York Central Railroad. General-Agent Hurry Parry of the same road Jumped from the Special. Almost at the same time a group of men walked swiftly from the rear entrace to the Jail. Czolgosz was in their midst. He was handcuffed to Jailer Mitchell and on his other aide walked the Sheriff the depu ty’s completely surrounded the trio. It was the work of but a few seconds to transfer the assassin from the Jail in the special car and exactly two minutes after the car came to a stop, Supt. Brandfeld gave the word to go ahead. The car was drawn to the New York Central's Ex change Street station and coupled to the secund section of train No. 12 for the East. The special was the last car on the train. At 10.06 o'clock Buffalo saw its last of Czolgosz. There were not more than a dozen people beside the guards who witnessed the assassin’s removal from the Jail, Those who did. happened to be passing. It was all done so quickly that there was no time for a crowd to congregate. The dep uties and the Sheriff had been at the Jail from 6 o'clock. It is said that such secrecy was maintained regarding the plane that even the deputy sheriffs did not know when they were tn leave. Czolgosz did not hesitate in that short walk from the Jail to the car. He has feared lynching or mob violence from the first, according to the police, and the way he moved into that ear last night shows that he hud no desire to tarry. He was dressed in the same suit he has worn since the day he shot the Presi dent. His hat was one of soft gray ma terial and tie had it pulled well down over his eyes. Jailer Mitchell took his prisoner to a seal near the renter of the car. When rhe train started the seat was on the left side and Czolgosz sat next the win dow Directly behind Czolgosz sat Sher iff Caldwell, Alex Sloan, Keeper of the Penitentiary, was in the seat in front of the assassin. While the car was being run from the Jail to the Central station Czolgosz asked for a cigar. Someone handed one to him and he lit it. Then he leaned his head against the back of the seat and began to smoke calmly. One of the deputy sheriffs described his actions as the "height of Insolence." Czolgosz seemed to enjoy the intense excitement he was causing and just be fore the special car left the station he removed his hat and ran his fingers careles ly through his wavy brown hair. If he was nervous he gave no sign. The as sassin talked to Jailer Mitchell. That is, he asked the time as calmly as if he Were leaving on a pleasure trip. His apparent composure and indiffer ence to his surroundings were remarked upon by all who saw him. His looks bad not changed much from the time of his appearance in court yesterday afternoon. The train to which the Czolgosz car was attached left Buffalo nearly half an hour late. The Buffalo representatives of the New York Central said that the reg ular connections could be made at Roch ester, however. The Czolgosz car was transferred to a train going over the Auburn branch of the road at Rochester and should have left the latter place at 11.20 o'clock, arriving in Auburn a few minutes after 2 o'clock this morning. The second section of train No. 12 was in charge of Conductors Charles Luding ton and Melville Kniffen. It was com posed of sleepers with the exception of the Czolgosz car. Few, if any, of the passengers in the forward roaches knew that they were traveling on the same train with the assassin. Those who accompanied Czolgosz from Buffalo to Auburn were Sheriff Caldwell. Jailer Mitchell, Keeper Sloan and Dep uty-Sheriffs Otto Welker, Michael How ard, Jesse Bardol, Joseph Kener, Wil liam Metzler, Solon Hines, John Mock, Howard McMillan, Philip Bernhard Hugh Sloan, John Ehlers and George Baltz. � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Pan-American Exposition of 1901 Description An account of the resource The Pan-American Exposition was held in Buffalo, New York from May 1 to November 2, 1901. Buffalo was chosen as the location because of its size (at the time it was the eighth largest city in the U.S. with a population of approximately 350,000) and also because of its well suited railway connections. The grounds spread across 342 acres and were located between Delaware Park Lake to the south, the New York Central railroad track to the north, Delaware Avenue to the east, and Elmwood Avenue to the west. The Exposition included educational exhibits as well as a Midway. The educational exhibits showcased the latest advancements in technology, most notably electricity. A major feature was electric lighting which utilized hydroelectric power generated in nearby Niagara Falls. Many of the Exposition buildings, including the prominent Electric Tower, were covered in light-bulbs creating a beautiful and unprecedented sight. The Pan-American Exposition also hosted some of the top engine manufacturers of the time. These companies provided “working exhibits” that actually functioned in the day-to-day operation of the Exposition. The Midway at the Pan-American Exposition provided visitors with entertainment and consisted of more than 42 exhibits. Some of the main attractions of the Midway included the “House Upside Down,” “Cleopatra’s Temple”, and the “Foreign Villages.” The Pan-American Exposition is most widely known as the location of President McKinley’s assassination. On September 6, 1901, while in a receiving line at the Exposition’s Temple of Music, President McKinley was shot twice by anarchist, Leon Czolgosz. McKinley was taken to the Exposition’s hospital where he was operated on by a number of prominent Buffalo surgeons including Roswell Park. The President was then taken to the home of John Milburn, head of the Exposition’s Board of Directors, to recover. After his condition appeared to improve, McKinley eventually died on September 14, 1901 in the Milburn home due to infection and gangrene from the gun shot wounds. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context LIB-005 Subject The topic of the resource Pan-American Exposition (1901 : Buffalo, N.Y.) Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived State University of New York at Buffalo. University Archives Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available State University of New York at Buffalo. University Libraries Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Document A resource containing textual data. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre text. Original Format If the image is of an object, state the type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data Newspapers Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context LIB-005_0424 Is Part Of A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included. LIB-005 Pan-American Exposition of 1901. LIB-005 Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Clippings Title A name given to the resource In a special car Alternative Title An alternative name for the resource. The distinction between titles and alternative titles is application-specific. In a special car Description An account of the resource Newspaper clipping of unknown source and date about the transfer of Czolgosz from Buffalo to Auburn State Prison. Subject The topic of the resource CzolgoszLeon F.1873-1901 McKinleyWilliam--1843-1901 -- Assassination. Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="https://rightsstatements.org/page/NoC-US/1.0/">NO COPYRIGHT – UNITED STATES</a>. The organization that has made the Item available believes that the Item is in the Public Domain under the laws of the United States, but a determination was not made as to its copyright status under the copyright laws of other countries. The Item may not be in the Public Domain under the laws of other countries. Please refer to the organization that has made the Item available for more information. Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available State University of New York at Buffalo. University Libraries Czolgosz https://digital.lib.buffalo.edu/files/original/980577e317dda8982f71a12b67155691.pdf 65da358cc0114267d435b11a60d09b4e PDF Text Text Sentence Of Death Today Czolgosz Moved By Curse Of Father And Sister’s Tears Words of Last Farewell Prove Trying Moments for Assassin, But He Represses His Emo tions and Defends Crime Against Nation. At 2 o'clock this afternoon Leon F. Czolgosz, the Anarchist assassin of President McKinley, will be arraigned before Justice Truman C. White, who sentence him ill death in the electric chair. Czolgosz exhibited a desire during progress of the trial to make a speech in defense of his crime and of the principle of anarchy which he rep resents. Had not strenuous diplomacy been resorted to it is not unlikely that Czolgosz would have arisen in Court and blunderingly attempted to defend his act Tuesday afternoon. Today Justice White, following the usual legal procedure, will ask the pris oner if he has anything to say as in why sentence should not be pronounced upon him. There is considerable speculation as to whether the primmer will make a statement or not. It is known that tie desires to make one but it is doubtful if he possesses either the ability of expression or the unwavering determination of purpose to carry out his will. By the time he appears in court this afternoon his spirit may be so broken that when he is asked if he desires to speak he may simply shake his head and let the opportunity pass. Hears Father's Curse. Yesterday was a trying day for the assassin. He heard from his father's lips an oath cursing the day that he was born. He saw his sister's tears and hears her walls "Poor brother poor boy." He saw his brother's fixed face and look of pity which is not ex pressed in words. In all of this, probably his last meeting with his family, he preserved the Imperturbability which is characteristic of the chist trained for a monstrous crime. Anar Czolgosz's great desire is said in be to talk to the newspapers. In this he is carrying out his anarchical leachings to the letter. He had been in structed that when all hope was gone to use every effort to spread the teachings of anarchy. Discourage Attempt to talk. Given the freedom of speech by the authorities hr would talk until the ment mo of his death, proudly boasting of his crime and justifying it with the false method of anarchical reasoning Every fair means will undoubtedly be presented to [il egible] discourage Czolgosz in Question of Greatest Interest Is Whether Anarchist Czolgosz Will Harangue the Court in Defense of His Deed. his wish to make a statement in court today. In case he does speak it is likely that he will repeat his declaration that he killed the President because he thought it was his duty and after floundering through a few disconnected sentences became embarrassed and sit down. It is more likely, however, that the "strenuous diplomacy" and decorum of the law will awe him to silence when the opportunity comes for him to speak. After the sentence thirty days must elapse before the electrocution. The maximum which the law allows tween the time of sentence and the be execution of the death penalty is sixty days. There is no reason why Czolgosz, should be given more time upon earth than he is legally entitled to. The thirty days after sentence will have elapsed on October 26th, which will come on Saturday. Czolgosz will undoubtedly he electrocuted on Monday, October 28th. As soon after the death sentence is pronounced as is consistent with safety, the prisoner will be moved re from the County Jail to the burn prison. In the chair of which Au institution he will meet his death. Withhold Alienists' Reports. District Attorney Penney has decided withhold from the public the detail of the report of the alienists who examined Czolgosz. It is known, however, that these reports contain many things which throw interesting light upon the mind of the criminal. While there was no doubt as to his sanity, a condition of moral disease was found. His brain is said to be of a peculiarly receptive character. Had he been thrown into the society of fanatics of any sort before the teachings of anarchy were absorbed by his mental faculties he would have as readily became the follower of other teaching. to Under favorable conditions he would have been a Murmon or a vegetarian. is capable of only a narrow course of reasoning in which he is fanatically stubborn. It is the opinion of the best mental experts who have examined Czolgosz that he is entirely Incapable of having planned and carried out the assassination of President McKinley without suggestion and encouragement from others. Whether this encouragement was given Czolgosz in a suggestive way or come to him in the form of solute direction is a point upon which ab the experts differ, and which they say is for the authorities to determine by legal process. Penney Seemingly Inactive. District Attorney Penney has given no Indication that he will prosecute alleged accomplices. Just what legal proof susceptible of interpretation into convincing evidence it is possible to obtain is doubtful. In the minds of the experts there is no doubt The Courier's Investigations have proved that others had at least guilty knowledge that Czolgosz contemplated the assassination of the President. When the case of Czolgosz is entirely disposed of the authorities may proceed in investigate the plot. There is no hope that Czolgosz will veal anything that will implicate re others. Unless the contemplation of death works at marked change in his mental condition he will go to the electric chair proudly defending his principles and his crime. His Sister Breaks Into Tears and Affection­ ately Kisses Him on the Forehead—He lapses Into His Stolid Re Taciturnity. Lean F. Czolgosz looked for the last time upon the faces of his father, his brother Waldeck and his sister Victoria yesterday. He heard his father's curse. He saw his sister's tears. In his brother's eyes he saw the look of pity. He heard the last good-bye that he will know from his family. For thirty-five minutes he was under the pressure that tests men's souls. He wavered. His mask of unconcern was broken. The mist of tears was in his eyes. His chin trembled. But through thirty-five minutes of this most trying ordeal he kept his faith. He was true to the teachings of anarchy. At 11 o'clock yesterday morning, ac companies by Assistant District Attorney Haller, Chief of Detectives Cusack and Detectives Solomon and Geary. Paul Czolgosz the Anarchist's father, Waldeck, his brother and Vic toria his sister, went to his cell in the county jail. As the barred door was swung open his sister rushed in, threw her arms about the neck of the prisoner and with sobs choking her until the words were almost inaudible, claimed ex ; "Why did you do it. Leon? Oh, God, why did you do it?" Kisses His Forehead. With all the love and tenderness of sisterly devotion the little woman kissed the forehead of the murderer of it President. She turned away weeping, hiding her face in her hands. With fare set and stern, yet with alt the suppressed emotion of a true father, Paul Czolgosz extended his hand to his sun. He uttered an oath in his native �tongue. He denied his offspring. He cursed the day that Leon F. Czolgosz was born, but even in his anger his voice choked with sobs. The brother simply looked upon the scene in silence. Then the sister spoke again. She told what the family had suffered at their home in Cleveland. She recited the story of the diagram that had been brought upon the family name. She told of the old friends that had deserted them. Sister Breaks Down. She told of the finger of shame that was pointed at them. Of the dishonor that will follow as long as life shall last and the name of Czolgosz lives. Then she broke down once more in a fit of weeping. “Oh, Leon, why did you do this? Who told you to do such a thing? You were not a bad boy at home. You never did this alone." The man who coolly murdered William McKinley and who has defiantly and proudly acknowledged his crime, who listened to the words that meant his doom with hardly a quiver, seemed to suffer mental anguish. He was silent for a moment as if at loss for words. Then he said: "I don't see why they blame you, I did this alone, nobody told me to do it and I don't know why they should punish you." For the first time since the [illegible]-greeting the father spoke. "Where did you get such doctrines? Who ought you them? " Defends His Crime. The prisoner then talked of his crime, defending it and declaring that by reading anarchistic papers he had been convinced that the President was an oppressor and a tyrant and should die." The minutes dragged on with great spaces of silence, broken only by the sister's subs. Oft-repeated was her wail: "Why did you do this Leon, why did you do it?" Finally it came the moment for the last good-bye. The sister once more threw her arms about her brother’s neck and burled her fare upon his shoulder. She cried as only women cry and then said: "Good-bye, Leon good-bye- good—bye." Father's Cold Farewell. The father took the hand of his son and shook it lightly as a man would shake the hand of an acquaintance he did not wish to meat. The brother shook the assassin's hand and whispered a word of farewell. Then the party left Leon F. CZolgosz in the gloom and darkness of his cell. They had looked upon his face for the fast time in life. As the sister moved away clinging to her father's arms, she turned to Chief of Detectives Cusack and exclaimed: "Be good to him, won't you? Don't hurt him, don’t be cruel.” Through all this ordeal Czolgosz, the prisoner, the man doomed to death failed to shed a tear. Only the mist of sorrow was in his eyes. It was not the regret of his monstrous crime that fafected him. It was the parental affection that is burn oven in the lowest brutes. For two hours he sat sullenly on the bench of his cell, his hands upon his chin, his elbows on his knees. If ever their can come to him in this life a realization of the meaning of his crime and of the great mystery of death b must have come after that last farewell. It was the most trying time that he will know until hr sits in the tri elec c chair, the black cap is drawn over his features and he faces the great eternity. No Sympathy in Crime. Though the members of the family who come hero are not in sympathy. with the assassin, it was only natural that they should come to Buffalo to call on him before the words are pronounced which send him to his grave. "I wonder what brought them here?" Inquired District Attorney Penney. In conversation with a Courier reporter on Tuesday night. "We did not send for farm,” he said, "and it was my be lief that they might have been sent here by some newspaper anxious to get a story." Despite the antipathy which they have for their relative, with the stain of murder upon his hands, their ing had its affectionate side. The meet murderer has a strong affection far his sister Victoria, and when he opened his [illegible] on her coming toward him. She rushed to his embrace and he kissed her with a tenderness that even the tectives, who had seen so much of him, de hardly believed he possessed. The relatives left Buffalo early in the afternoon, taking a train for Cleveland, which left shortly after 2 o'clock. De tective Solomon accompanying them to the station and seeing them aboard the train. Yesterday morning a Polish priest called upon District Attorney Penney and asked permission to see and talk with Czolgosz. That official denied the print the privilege he craved, saying that he would be unable to let him have religious counsel until after sen tence had been pronounced. "I doubt if he will want your kind offices," said the District Attorney, “but I assure" you that if he does, after sentence has been pronounced, we will consider the matter and you will hear from us.” � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Pan-American Exposition of 1901 Description An account of the resource The Pan-American Exposition was held in Buffalo, New York from May 1 to November 2, 1901. Buffalo was chosen as the location because of its size (at the time it was the eighth largest city in the U.S. with a population of approximately 350,000) and also because of its well suited railway connections. The grounds spread across 342 acres and were located between Delaware Park Lake to the south, the New York Central railroad track to the north, Delaware Avenue to the east, and Elmwood Avenue to the west. The Exposition included educational exhibits as well as a Midway. The educational exhibits showcased the latest advancements in technology, most notably electricity. A major feature was electric lighting which utilized hydroelectric power generated in nearby Niagara Falls. Many of the Exposition buildings, including the prominent Electric Tower, were covered in light-bulbs creating a beautiful and unprecedented sight. The Pan-American Exposition also hosted some of the top engine manufacturers of the time. These companies provided “working exhibits” that actually functioned in the day-to-day operation of the Exposition. The Midway at the Pan-American Exposition provided visitors with entertainment and consisted of more than 42 exhibits. Some of the main attractions of the Midway included the “House Upside Down,” “Cleopatra’s Temple”, and the “Foreign Villages.” The Pan-American Exposition is most widely known as the location of President McKinley’s assassination. On September 6, 1901, while in a receiving line at the Exposition’s Temple of Music, President McKinley was shot twice by anarchist, Leon Czolgosz. McKinley was taken to the Exposition’s hospital where he was operated on by a number of prominent Buffalo surgeons including Roswell Park. The President was then taken to the home of John Milburn, head of the Exposition’s Board of Directors, to recover. After his condition appeared to improve, McKinley eventually died on September 14, 1901 in the Milburn home due to infection and gangrene from the gun shot wounds. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context LIB-005 Subject The topic of the resource Pan-American Exposition (1901 : Buffalo, N.Y.) Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived State University of New York at Buffalo. University Archives Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available State University of New York at Buffalo. University Libraries Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Document A resource containing textual data. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre text. Original Format If the image is of an object, state the type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data Newspapers -- New York (State) -- Buffalo Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context LIB-005_0423 Is Part Of A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included. LIB-005 Pan-American Exposition of 1901. LIB-005 Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Clippings Title A name given to the resource Sentence of death today Alternative Title An alternative name for the resource. The distinction between titles and alternative titles is application-specific. Sentence of death today Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1901-09-26 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Buffalo Courier, September 26, 1901 Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Buffalo (N.Y.) Description An account of the resource Newspaper article about the scheduled sentencing of Leon Czolgosz to death for killing President McKinley Subject The topic of the resource CzolgoszLeon F.1873-1901 McKinleyWilliam--1843-1901 -- Assassination. Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="https://rightsstatements.org/page/NoC-US/1.0/">NO COPYRIGHT – UNITED STATES</a>. The organization that has made the Item available believes that the Item is in the Public Domain under the laws of the United States, but a determination was not made as to its copyright status under the copyright laws of other countries. The Item may not be in the Public Domain under the laws of other countries. Please refer to the organization that has made the Item available for more information. Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available State University of New York at Buffalo. University Libraries Czolgosz, trial https://digital.lib.buffalo.edu/files/original/fec448757722701d565723158b37312e.pdf 48e57cae82c7067e6618e08d1a41716a PDF Text Text Sentenced To Death. knew it was a crime. Even to him it was a crime, a thing that was wrong, for his own words called it "a crime." His mumble almost was regretful as he spoke of having deliberated two days. Great Crush in Court. Czolgosz's Speech was scarcely audible to the Judge. Alone In His Crime Court allows him to state that In order to clear his Parents. Assassin Is Badly Broken Accepted the Bible and took Oath before answering the formal Questions. Great Crowd In The Courtroom No Demonstration at all—Czolgosz was pale and hardly able to stand unsupported. Sentence of death in the week beginning on October 23th was passed upon Leon F. Czolgosz at 2.10 o'clock yesterday afterno n. It was a solemn scene, a ceremony most Impressive. The law seemed to take the clammy faced assassin by the shoulder and turned him facetoface with death bidding him so wait until the given day of doom, when retribution, grinding steadily and surely in the mills of justice, shall take a Life for a life. There was an eagerness manifest everywher to see and hear the fellow doomed to die. It was not an eagerness born alone of curiosity. The feeling fathering it was that it would be a high privilege to be present when his fate was sealed. Czolgosz spoke. His voice was faint and feeble It almost was a whisper. His face was clammy and yellow. He was nervous. With his right hand he steadied himself, as he stood, by clutching the back of a chair in front of him. He feigned deafness, as if his senses were numbed. He showed a freak'sh preference by insi tng that the District Attorney, instead of the justice, or his own counsel or the court reporter or the clerk, should repeat to him questions it was desired he should answer. The substance of his words was that he was alone in the crime he had committed, that his family know nothing of it, that no one eUe knew of it, that he himself bad premeditated it for only two days before he committed it. He Before 1 o'clock the court room of the City Hall was crowded with people who had slipped in early and waited. The doors of the courtroom were locked, Supt. Bull, Inspectors Donovan and Martin and Capt. Regan were in charge of the police. A squad cleared the corridor. Detective Sergeants Kennedy and O'Loughlin were posted at the door. Crier Frank Hess and night deputies were in charge inside. The doors were opened at 1.15 o'clock and there was a rush to get in. The police sorted the crowd quickly, it is no geration exag to say that if Czolgosz were to have been sentenced in the Stadium the Pan-American Exposition grounds would have been taxed to their capacity. Yesterday the courtroom would have been crowded thrice over by those in the corridors who were unable to pass the doors. Among the many that packed the courtroom were the Hon. Wilson S. Bissell, James L. Quackenbush. Martin Ca rey, Gen. S. M. Welch, Dr. Joseph Fowler, George A. Lewis, John W. Fisher, Philip G. Schaefer, Col. John L. Schwartz, William H. Love, Ganson Depew. Frank M. Loomis Col. Randell sergeant-at-arms of the United States Senate; Porter Norton, John J. Hynes, Henry R. Seymour. Senior Don Edelberto Farres, president of the Cuban commission to the exposition: Willis H. Meads, William A. Rix, Curt M Treat. William H Underwood, the Hon. John Laughlin, Dr. E. C. W. O'Brien. Senator George A. Davis, Sheriff Samuel Caldwell, Dr. Matthew D. Mann, Dr. Herman Myntcr, I Ambrose Butler, Charles F. Susdorf and A. Wilcox. Henry W. Wendt, Sen. C. Ralph and other members of the Jury were present. Many women were in the courtroom. The scaling ca pacity was taxed to the utmost and dozens stood. The Jury-box floats were filled by well-known lawyers. Outside, in the corridor, the jam was so thick that even some who held passes could not get in Despite the crush all was orderly. Czolgosz comes in. Judge Titus, of the assassin's counsel, entered the courtroom at 1.52 o'clock. Judge Lewis did not appear. He had done his full duty. One minute after Judge Titus sat down Czolgosz appeared, He slouched up the aisle handcuffed to Detective-Sergeants Geary and Solomon, with Asst-Supt. Cusack watching as be walked beside them. Czolgosz wore the old block trousers, gray sack coat and waistcoat, a blue-and-white striped turndown collar and a light blue four-in-handtie. He sat down between the two tect de ives in a chair close behind Judge Titus and directly facing the bench where Justice White would sit. The instant the handcuffs were removed he produced a white handkerchief and mopped his face nervously eight or ten times. His pallid skin shone with a cold moisture. His eyelids drooped, so his eyes seemed al most closed. His head inclined to the right and slightly forward. So he sat, a gray-faced, haggard-featured, heavyeyed murderer, looking almost woebe gone and a fit object for pity, wore not pity and all charitable feeling crowded out by an intense disgust born of his mien and makeup and appearance and ca reer. There was no pity there. The faces on every side showed compassion was absent. Mr. Penney moves Sentence. Two thumps of a tipstaff heralded the coming of the court. Justice White en tered deliberately, through the aisle narrowed by rows of standing people. Crier Host's voice was beard. "Pursuant to a recess, this trial term of the Supreme Court is now open for the transaction of business," he said as tice White sat down. Jus There was a moment's pause, then Justice [illegible] forward and politely �said to the District Attorney: "Mr. Penney, the court is at your service." "I move sentence in the case of the people against Leon F. Czolgosz. Your Honor," promptly replied Mr Penney, who stood to the right of Judge Titus. Turning to the assassin, he said: "Stand Up, Czolgosz, please." Czolgosz stood up. He rose slowly. His eyes were downcast, his whole attitude was listless. He swayed slightly and his right hand clutched the back of the chair in front of him and he held fast to it, as if from the hit of wood he could gain strength or support. A.—No, sir. Q.—Do you drink much? Drink cating intoxi liquors much? A.—No, sir; don’t drink too much. Q.—You never get drunk? Have you been in the habit of getting drunk? You are not, are you? At this point Czolgosz refused to swer He stood mute, with eyes almost an closed. "Pass to something else, Mr. Penney," said Justice White. "Have you been convicted of any crime before this?" asked Mr. Penney. "No, sir,” mumbled Czolgosz. Czolgosz takes an Oath. Asked Penney to speak. "Put your right hand on the Book," said Crier Hess. Even the wooden support was dented him. Czolgosz swung the hand over to the Bible, whose teachings he had spurned. He did not turn his head, but stood downcast, dejected. "You do solemnly swear that you will true answers make to such questions as shall be put to you touching your name, your place of birth and occupation and such other questions as shall be asked you, so help you God," said Clerk Fisher. Court-Reporters Walsh and Bailey moved close to the assassin to hear his every word. No answer, not even a deeper clination of the head came to the oath. in Mr Penney turned to the assassin and spoke almost kindly. "Leon," he said, "how old are you?" Answers inaudible. There was a pause. The assassin barely turned toward Mr. Penney. His right hand clutched again the chair back. Thon hit tips moved. Their movement was most Imperceptible. The voice was a al mere murmur, a mournful whisper, so low, so faint that in the utter silence of the courtroom, it could be heard not more than 20 feet away. But he had spoken, he Intended to speak and the audience tened eagerly. lis "Twenty-eight," was his answer to the question of his age. "Twenty-eight. Where were you born?" said Mr. Penney. Detroit," said Czolgosz, in the same " low, muttered monotone, oven lower, in fact, than before. "Detroit?" repeated Mr, Penney, to make sure he heard aright. "Yes, sir," said the assassin humbly, faintly. "Where did you live last?" asked Mr. Penney, following the customary tions ques . "Buffalo," said Czolgosz, so that it seeded a low "But" and "lo." "Do you know what place—the street and number?" asked Mr. Penney. "Broadway," answered Czolgosz, very low. Statutory Questions. So the questioning and answering want. Czolgosz would hesitate, halt, then mumble so feebly that his words seemed to be almost more lip-movement than voice in tonation. Here is the colloquy, as it ran, question and answer: Q.—At Nowak’s? A.—Yes, sir. Q. — Have you any trade or are you a laborer? A.—Laborer. Q.—Are you married? A.—Single. Q.—What schools have you attended? A.—Small—common school. Q.-Been tn the church school, too? A.—Yes. Q.—Catholic Church? A.—Yes. Q.—What church were you educated in? Did you use to go to the Catholic Church? A.—I did. Q.—Are your father and mother alive? A.—No, sir. Q.— Which is dead? A.—My mother is dead. Q.—Your father in living? Q.—Are you temperate? what that means? Do you know "Have you any legal cause to show why sentence of the court Should not now be pronounced against you?" asked Clerk Fisher. At the sound of another voice gosz's face deadened as if he had fallen Czol heavily asleep. Then his eyelids fluttered as he mumbled very feebly. "Can't hear that," was his reply, as he heard a rustle in the rear of the room by those eager to see. "People in the room should remain solutely quiet and those who are ab willing to do that until the proceeding un here is terminated should retire from the room at this time," said Justice White, and all was still. "Have you any legal cause to show why sentence of the court should not now be pronounced against you?" repeated Clerk Fisher. Czolgosz raised his dull, blue eyes a moment to the court. "I would rather have this gentleman speak, over here," he muttered, with a slight motion of the head toward Mr. Penney. It was the longest, loudest speech he had made, nine words in a rough whisper. He showed either his sulienness to ward the court or his preference for Mr. Penney, a preference manifest several times before. Justice White nodded to Mr. Penney, who said: "The clerk asks you if you have any legal cause to show way sentence should not now be pronounced against you. Do you understand?” *’No, sir," said Czolgosz, evidently striving in vain to muster up courage to make his promised speech. He wanted to talk. "He wants to know if you have any reason to tell the court why you should not now be sentenced—say anything to the judge. Have you anything to say to the judge before sentence? Say yes or no, if you have," said Mr. Penney, couragingly. en "Yes," mumbled Czolgosz. "Make your statement, then," said Mr. Penney. The colloquy had seemed almost sided one save to those close to Czolgosz. "Does be answer?” asked Justice White. "He says ‘Yes,' he has something to say," said Mr. Penney. "In that behalf, Czolgosz, what you have a right to say," began Justice White when Czolgosz, raised his face and ingly by great, effort, began to apeak. seem "I want to say thia much—” he mum bled faintly. "Wait a moment," said Justice White. "Listen to the judge," said Mr. ney, and Czolgosz resumed his abject, Pen listless air. Limits of the Speech. Justice White, resuming, said: "What you have a right to say relates explicitly to the subject in hand here at this time, and the legal causes which the law provides that you may claim In ex empting you from having Judgment nounced against you at this time are pro defined by statute. The first is, that you may claim that you were Insane; the next is, that you have good cause to of fer either in arrest of the Judgment about to be pronounced against you, or for a new trial. Those are the grounds specified toy statute upon which you have �the right to speak at this time, and you are at perfect liberty to do so freely." Czolgosz had seemed not to listen, but when Justice White ceased he murmured: "I have nothing to say about that." Mr. Penney repeated it so all could hear, saying: "He says, 'I have nothing to say about that." "Are you ready?" asked Justice White. "I am through, sir," said Mr. Penney. "Nothing to say?" asked Justice White of Czolgosz. "What is it?" murmured Czolgosz to Mr. Penney. "What la your answer, Leon?" said Mr. Penney. "What is it? In regard to—" whispered Czolgosz, as if dazed or unable to speak as he had planned. To clear his Family, His counsel, Judge Titus, rose and stood by him and asked him what be wished to say. "My family," said Czolgosz in part, in a low whisper, audible to only two or three. "They had nothing to do with it. I was alone. I want to say I was alone and bad no one else. No one else but me." Judge Titus turned to Justice White. If the court phase, I think he ought to be permitted—" said Judge Titus. "Have you anything to say in behalf of the prisoner, Judge Thus?" said Justice White. "I think he ought to be permitted to make a statement in exculpation of his family, if the court will permit it? (To the defendant) Go on." "Well, Judge Titus, that depends, of course," said Justice White. "What does Your Honor say?" asked Judge Titus. "It will depend on what the statement it," said the court. "Well, so far as the commission—" gan be Judge Titus. "Hava you anything to say In behalf of the defendant at this time?" asked tice White. Jus "Well, I have nothing to say within the definition Your Honor has read, as to what we can say, but it seemed to me that tn order that innocent people should not suffer by this defendant’s crime, that the court should permit him to exculpate, at least his father and brothers and sisters," said Judge Titus. "Certainly, if that is the object of any statement time he will make," said tice Jus White. "That is what ha tells us," said Judge Titus. "Yes, Proceed, Czolgosz," said the court. It was 2.09 o’clock as the white face of Czolgosz turned a moment to the white face of the clock. Then he spoke, low, faintly, feebly, a murmur, or at least a mumble, with figure drooping, right band clutching a chair, eyes dull, but open, lips bluish, face clammy and moist. He used a slight accent as be spoke, not German, but rather Polish and it sounded as if he had a slight lisp or bad something on his tongue. He spoke rapidly by jerks and starts. He said: Speech of the Assassin. "I would like to say this much: that the crime was committed by no one else but me! No one told me to do it and I never told anybody to do it." "Your father and mother had nothing to do with it?" interrupted Judge Titus. "No, sir," said Czolgosz. "not only my father and mother, but there hasn't any body else had nothing to do with this." Then he stopped short and hung his head. "Did you hear what he said, Your Honor?" asked Mr. Penney. "What did he say?" naked Justice White. "he says no one had anything to do with the commission of this crime but himself; that his father or mother or no one else had anything to do with it," said Judge Titus, and, turning to Czolgosz he asked: "Did they know anything about it?" "No, sir: they didn’t know about it," said Czolgosz, without looking up. "Dora he desire to say anything fur ther?" asked Justice White. "And they knew nothing about it," said Judge Titus, repealing for Czolgosz and then asking him: "Anything further you want to say?" Deliberated two Days. "I novar told anything to nobody: I never told anything of that kind. I never thought of that until a couple of days before 1 committed the crime," said gosz, in low voice. Czol "He never told anybody that he intended to commit the crime nor did not tend to until a couple of days before its in commission," repeated Judge Titus. There was a pause. Absolute stillness pervaded the room. Czolgosz clung to the back of the chair with head downcast. "Anything further, Czolgosz?" asked Justice White, patiently. The Sentence. The assassin's head bent lower, then he raised his face, moist and pallid. "No, sir," he murmured and stood still. Justice White, without rising, Leaned forward. The hateful words were about to fall. All watched the prisoner who stood, as If drowsed, but yet aware of what was said, a drooping being doomed to die about to bear his acutance. Jus tice White began to speak, slowly, emnly, in clear, deep voice, without sol waver, without emotion, without expression either of pity or disgust, the voice of the law, the voice of justice, the voice of fate, The voice said: and its every word could be heard in the remotest ner cor of the room: "Czolgosz, in taking the Life of our loved President, you committed a crime be which shocked and outraged the moral sense of the civilized world. You have confessed your guilt, and, after learning all that can at this time he learned of the facts and circumstances of the case, twelve good men have pronounced your confession true and have found you guilty of murder in the first degree. You de clare, according to the testimony of credible witnesses, that no other person aided or abetted you in the commission of this terrible act. God grant it may be so. The penalty for the crime of which you stand convicted is fixed by statute, and it now becomes my duty to pronounce its judgment against you. The sentence of the court is that in the week beginning on October 28, 1901, at the place, in the manner and by the means prescribed by Law, you suffer the punishment of death. Remove the prisoner." The voice erased. The doomed assassin stood still. Those in the room sat or stood motionless, watching, waiting. There had been no parting "May God have mercy on your soul," no word of mercy, no word of hate, simply the austere, emotionless voice of the law, dooming an famous miscreant to die, branding him as in unfit to live, condemning him to the time and place and manner of his end. The awesome word "death" came in a deep, bushed tone that made it doubly impressive. The assassin's face whitened still more and the features grew even duller. The band of Detective Geary, the hand that caught the President as he reeled after the fatal shots, reached up and drew the assassin down as he drooped after the fatal words. He sank into his chair, then half-straightened as they snapped the handcuffs on him. It was actly 2.13 o'clock. ex Judge Titus said Good-bye. "Czolgosz," said Judge Titus, turning toward him, "Good-bye." "Good-bye," whispered Czolgosz huskily. Judge Titus put out his hand, as if to a dying man. Czolgosz saw it, hesitated, then shook it listlessly. stood up between the detectives, Gen. Bull and Mr. Cusack cleared the way. Then they led him out of the halls of justice, through the corridors of the City Hall, down the crepe-draped stairs, through the basement, through the tunnel, through the Jail to bis cell. At the cell door they took off the handcuffs. Czolgosz turned to them. "Well—good-bye," he said and shook hands with Detectives Geary and Solo mon. His bauds were lay and clammy, his face was white, he was in a cold sweat. He watched them a moment, then stepped into his cell, took off his coat and sat down, his head in his hands. � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Pan-American Exposition of 1901 Description An account of the resource The Pan-American Exposition was held in Buffalo, New York from May 1 to November 2, 1901. Buffalo was chosen as the location because of its size (at the time it was the eighth largest city in the U.S. with a population of approximately 350,000) and also because of its well suited railway connections. The grounds spread across 342 acres and were located between Delaware Park Lake to the south, the New York Central railroad track to the north, Delaware Avenue to the east, and Elmwood Avenue to the west. The Exposition included educational exhibits as well as a Midway. The educational exhibits showcased the latest advancements in technology, most notably electricity. A major feature was electric lighting which utilized hydroelectric power generated in nearby Niagara Falls. Many of the Exposition buildings, including the prominent Electric Tower, were covered in light-bulbs creating a beautiful and unprecedented sight. The Pan-American Exposition also hosted some of the top engine manufacturers of the time. These companies provided “working exhibits” that actually functioned in the day-to-day operation of the Exposition. The Midway at the Pan-American Exposition provided visitors with entertainment and consisted of more than 42 exhibits. Some of the main attractions of the Midway included the “House Upside Down,” “Cleopatra’s Temple”, and the “Foreign Villages.” The Pan-American Exposition is most widely known as the location of President McKinley’s assassination. On September 6, 1901, while in a receiving line at the Exposition’s Temple of Music, President McKinley was shot twice by anarchist, Leon Czolgosz. McKinley was taken to the Exposition’s hospital where he was operated on by a number of prominent Buffalo surgeons including Roswell Park. The President was then taken to the home of John Milburn, head of the Exposition’s Board of Directors, to recover. After his condition appeared to improve, McKinley eventually died on September 14, 1901 in the Milburn home due to infection and gangrene from the gun shot wounds. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context LIB-005 Subject The topic of the resource Pan-American Exposition (1901 : Buffalo, N.Y.) Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived State University of New York at Buffalo. University Archives Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available State University of New York at Buffalo. University Libraries Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Document A resource containing textual data. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre text. Original Format If the image is of an object, state the type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data Newspapers Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context LIB-005_0422 Is Part Of A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included. LIB-005 Pan-American Exposition of 1901. LIB-005 Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Clippings Title A name given to the resource Sentenced to death Alternative Title An alternative name for the resource. The distinction between titles and alternative titles is application-specific. Sentenced to death Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1901-09-27 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Buffalo Express, September 27, 1901 Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Buffalo (N.Y.) Description An account of the resource Newspaper article about the sentencing of Leon Czolgosz to death at the conclusion of his trial Subject The topic of the resource CzolgoszLeon F.1873-1901 McKinleyWilliam--1843-1901 -- Assassination. Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="https://rightsstatements.org/page/NoC-US/1.0/">NO COPYRIGHT – UNITED STATES</a>. The organization that has made the Item available believes that the Item is in the Public Domain under the laws of the United States, but a determination was not made as to its copyright status under the copyright laws of other countries. The Item may not be in the Public Domain under the laws of other countries. Please refer to the organization that has made the Item available for more information. Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available State University of New York at Buffalo. University Libraries Czolgosz, trial https://digital.lib.buffalo.edu/files/original/bc030cf442d4b9eb3c83087b5a60c0c9.pdf f9c9362c4f80eb803c715e3472bdad62 PDF Text Text Deadly Revolver. Czolgosz’s Weapon the Identified by Artilleryman Who Secured It. Francis P. O'Brien, a private in the 73d United States seacoast artillery, was next called. He was detailed to guard the President at The Temple of music and was standing on the right of the President when the shooting occurred, His story follows: "I heard the report. I was looking at the President and saw the man. I jumped at this defendant. I saw the smoke coming from his hand. I knocked him over, against some one, I do not know whom, "I got the revolver and gave it up to my commanding officer, Capt. Wisser." "Did you mark it?" asked Mr. Penney. on his throat and started to search him. I shouted to the crowd to get back. I saw some secret service men demanding the pistol from O'Brien. I told him not to give it up. He turned it over to me." "Would you know it if you saw it?" "I would: I put my initials on it." The weapon was produced and The witness identified it. On cross-examination by Judge Lewis, the witness said that he did not hear anyone speak. "You did not notice [illegible] passing along the line? “No, sir." That finished the cross-examination. Supt. Henshaw's Story. Hurry F. Henshaw superintendent of the Temple of Music, was the next witness. He said when the shooting occurred he was just to the right of the President, Mr. Penney questioned him. "As you stood there, were you looking toward the people who approached the President?" "I was very carefully." "I noticed this defendant in the line "I put my initials on it." approaching the President, with his hand Mr. Penney then produced the murder's pressed against his abdomen and encased weapon. in something white. Then I noticed The revolver was shown to the witness as he drew near the President he by District Attorney Penney. extended his left hand. The President O’Brien identified it by initials which put forward his right hand. Like a flash he made before he surrendered it. the assassin pushed the President's right "Were you on the able of the President hand out of the why. Than I heard two from which the people were coming in?” shots and saw the handkerchief smok naked Judge Titus, on cross-examination. ing. "I was." “The crowd gathered around the def ndant "Were there any secret service men so quickly that he was lost to beside you?" my view in an Instant. I was by the "Not right beside me." President's side when the President was "How near were you to the taken away in the ambulance." President Just before Judge Lewis started his "Three or four feet," cross-examination be turned about to "When you saw the second shot fired speak to the prisoner, but Czolgosz would you jumped at him?" pay no attention to him. did." "I Only a few questions were asked by "Were you the first to get to him?" Judge Lewis, and them Mr. Henshaw was "I think I was." excused. "Did anyone help you get the gun?" John Branch's Evidence. "I got it myself." "Was he on the floor then?" John Branch, a colored porter in the “No, he wasn't. A minute later I was Temple of Music was called to the stand bothered by men who wanted me to turn by Mr. Penney at five minutes to 12 the revolver over to them." o'clock. He testified as follows: "I saw this man here, this defendant, Private Neff. with his right hand over his abdomen Louis Neff, another private in the artillery, He went to shake hands with the Presi­ was called, He testified that he dent. Thru, how he did it. I don't know, saw a man in the crowd with a revolver but I saw the report and the fire. Then and that he fried to get it. He afterI saw the second report and fire and saw wards identified the defendant as the the handkerchief about the man's hand man who had the revolver. afire. Judge Lewis cross-examined the private "I saw the artillerymen around the briefly, during which the witness man and bear him down to the floor. testified that his work was merely to “That's all I saw of the shooting." keep the crowds moving and to look out Judge Titus cross-examined the witness, for men with weapons in their hands. and Branch swore that he heard Corporal Bertschey's Story. some one say "The President's shot," "The President's shot." Corporal Bertschey succeded Private “Did you hear the President say anything? Neff. He is a corporal in the seacoast asked Judge Titus. artillery and was in charge of the detail "Be easy with him, boys,’ was all I at the President's reception. beard him say." "Where were you at the time of the "Did you hear him say that?" shooting?" asked District Attorney “ Yes, he put his hand to his abdomen Penney. and said that— "Be easy with him, boys." "I was lose to the President. I heard two shots, looked and saw the man who did the shooting. He was standing with the smoking pistol in his hand. I grabbed him from behind, put my right knee � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Pan-American Exposition of 1901 Description An account of the resource The Pan-American Exposition was held in Buffalo, New York from May 1 to November 2, 1901. Buffalo was chosen as the location because of its size (at the time it was the eighth largest city in the U.S. with a population of approximately 350,000) and also because of its well suited railway connections. The grounds spread across 342 acres and were located between Delaware Park Lake to the south, the New York Central railroad track to the north, Delaware Avenue to the east, and Elmwood Avenue to the west. The Exposition included educational exhibits as well as a Midway. The educational exhibits showcased the latest advancements in technology, most notably electricity. A major feature was electric lighting which utilized hydroelectric power generated in nearby Niagara Falls. Many of the Exposition buildings, including the prominent Electric Tower, were covered in light-bulbs creating a beautiful and unprecedented sight. The Pan-American Exposition also hosted some of the top engine manufacturers of the time. These companies provided “working exhibits” that actually functioned in the day-to-day operation of the Exposition. The Midway at the Pan-American Exposition provided visitors with entertainment and consisted of more than 42 exhibits. Some of the main attractions of the Midway included the “House Upside Down,” “Cleopatra’s Temple”, and the “Foreign Villages.” The Pan-American Exposition is most widely known as the location of President McKinley’s assassination. On September 6, 1901, while in a receiving line at the Exposition’s Temple of Music, President McKinley was shot twice by anarchist, Leon Czolgosz. McKinley was taken to the Exposition’s hospital where he was operated on by a number of prominent Buffalo surgeons including Roswell Park. The President was then taken to the home of John Milburn, head of the Exposition’s Board of Directors, to recover. After his condition appeared to improve, McKinley eventually died on September 14, 1901 in the Milburn home due to infection and gangrene from the gun shot wounds. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context LIB-005 Subject The topic of the resource Pan-American Exposition (1901 : Buffalo, N.Y.) Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived State University of New York at Buffalo. University Archives Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available State University of New York at Buffalo. University Libraries Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Document A resource containing textual data. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre text. Original Format If the image is of an object, state the type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data Newspapers -- New York (State) -- Buffalo Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context LIB-005_0421 Is Part Of A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included. LIB-005 Pan-American Exposition of 1901. LIB-005 Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Clippings Title A name given to the resource Deadly revolver Alternative Title An alternative name for the resource. The distinction between titles and alternative titles is application-specific. Deadly revolver Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1901-09-24 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Buffalo Commercial, September 24, 1901. Description An account of the resource Newspaper article about the weapon used to kill McKinley Subject The topic of the resource CzolgoszLeon F.1873-1901 McKinleyWilliam--1843-1901 -- Assassination. Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="https://rightsstatements.org/page/NoC-US/1.0/">NO COPYRIGHT – UNITED STATES</a>. The organization that has made the Item available believes that the Item is in the Public Domain under the laws of the United States, but a determination was not made as to its copyright status under the copyright laws of other countries. The Item may not be in the Public Domain under the laws of other countries. Please refer to the organization that has made the Item available for more information. Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available State University of New York at Buffalo. University Libraries assassination https://digital.lib.buffalo.edu/files/original/da8fc6e963d19a3cb1e3a0d33815afe0.pdf 372cdf2665f2a3f4828f2a6ca425c6a5 PDF Text Text Regrets His Crime "it is too late, but I would like to live," says Czolgosz. Denies Any Conspiracy Had nothing Personal against President McKinley— As sassin in Auburn. Special to The Buffalo Express. Rochester, Sept. 26,—"I wish the people to know I am sorry for what I did. It was a mistake and it was wrong. It I had it to do over again I never would do it. But it is too late now to talk of that. I am sorry I killed the Prescient. I was all stirred up. I was alone in what I did and, honestly, there was no conspiracy. No one else urged or told me to do it. I did it myself. There was one mistake about the trial. It was that I did not go to Niagara Falls to kill the President. I only thought of killing him for about one day before I did it. But I was all alone. No one else had anything to do with it and I have nothing; to say to any who may think that what I did was a wise or good thing. It was not. I don't know anyone in Paterson. I don't know Count Malatesta or Mme. loll. Brusig "It is an awful thing to feel you killed someone. You do not feel the same after you kill them. It is hard and much ferent. You are not the same person dif after you do the crime. I wish I was my same old person again. You never can be the same. I wish I was the same for the lit le time left. I have nothing more to say to all the people. My mind was stirred up and I don't know what was in it or what influenced it. Some ask where I was between August 29th and September 1st. I was in Buffalo on August 29th and went to Cleveland for two days. No, I do not know Hippolyte Havel. My two Toledo referenced to Mr. Nowak were not r ana chists. When I shot the President I had nothing against him personalky. "My trial was fair. It was more than I thought. The Judge could not help ing what he did. The jury could noy. The do law made them do it. I do not want to say now that the law is wrong. It was fair to me and it was right. It seems too late now, but I am sorry for Mrs. K Mcinley. I hope she does not die." So spoke Leon F. Czolgosz, the assassin, as he rode in the special ear that is taking him to Auburn. He sat in a sent side Jailer George N. Mitchell and talked be with The Express man freely. He smoked as he talked and looked out the window as the train passed Batavia and other stations. He sold he hoped his brother Waldeck would not suffer by his act as no one knew of it, but himself. He said it was not true that he was married to someone down in West Virginia. He re peated again and again that there was no conspiracy. He talked freely of his visits to Chicago and Cleveland. As the train neared Rochester he stopped talking suddenly, looked out and then said, slowly: "It is too late, but I would like to live." The party with Czolgosz was headed by Sheriff Caldwell. The talk of Czolgosz with The Express reporter was in the presence of Louis Seibold of the New York World and Jailer Mitchell. Czolgosz also talked in Deputy-Sheriff Metzler's presence and said it was not trim that anyone had tied the handkerchief over his hand. "The handkerchief was put tied," he said. "I put it over my hand and held the pistol with my linger on the trigger. I felt nervous all the time and thought someone would catch me. I held my hand against my body to keep the handkerchief from falling or rubbing off." Czolgosz was asked by The Express man about dying and whether he feared it. "I don't wane to be ashamed of myself," said Czolgosz. "It is worst than I knew before I did It, I hope I don't make myself ashamed." He referred to his desire not to weaken when he Faced the death chair. "Will you see a priest or minister be fore you die?" he was asked. He hesitated, then answered: "Yes, I think so. Maybe, a priest." � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Pan-American Exposition of 1901 Description An account of the resource The Pan-American Exposition was held in Buffalo, New York from May 1 to November 2, 1901. Buffalo was chosen as the location because of its size (at the time it was the eighth largest city in the U.S. with a population of approximately 350,000) and also because of its well suited railway connections. The grounds spread across 342 acres and were located between Delaware Park Lake to the south, the New York Central railroad track to the north, Delaware Avenue to the east, and Elmwood Avenue to the west. The Exposition included educational exhibits as well as a Midway. The educational exhibits showcased the latest advancements in technology, most notably electricity. A major feature was electric lighting which utilized hydroelectric power generated in nearby Niagara Falls. Many of the Exposition buildings, including the prominent Electric Tower, were covered in light-bulbs creating a beautiful and unprecedented sight. The Pan-American Exposition also hosted some of the top engine manufacturers of the time. These companies provided “working exhibits” that actually functioned in the day-to-day operation of the Exposition. The Midway at the Pan-American Exposition provided visitors with entertainment and consisted of more than 42 exhibits. Some of the main attractions of the Midway included the “House Upside Down,” “Cleopatra’s Temple”, and the “Foreign Villages.” The Pan-American Exposition is most widely known as the location of President McKinley’s assassination. On September 6, 1901, while in a receiving line at the Exposition’s Temple of Music, President McKinley was shot twice by anarchist, Leon Czolgosz. McKinley was taken to the Exposition’s hospital where he was operated on by a number of prominent Buffalo surgeons including Roswell Park. The President was then taken to the home of John Milburn, head of the Exposition’s Board of Directors, to recover. After his condition appeared to improve, McKinley eventually died on September 14, 1901 in the Milburn home due to infection and gangrene from the gun shot wounds. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context LIB-005 Subject The topic of the resource Pan-American Exposition (1901 : Buffalo, N.Y.) Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived State University of New York at Buffalo. University Archives Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available State University of New York at Buffalo. University Libraries Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Document A resource containing textual data. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre text. Original Format If the image is of an object, state the type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data Newspapers -- New York (State) -- Buffalo Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context LIB-005_0420 Is Part Of A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included. LIB-005 Pan-American Exposition of 1901. LIB-005 Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Clippings Title A name given to the resource Regrets his crime Alternative Title An alternative name for the resource. The distinction between titles and alternative titles is application-specific. Regrets his crime Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1901-09-27 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Buffalo Express, September 27, 1901 Description An account of the resource Newspaper clipping about Czolgosz regretting his crime Subject The topic of the resource CzolgoszLeon F.1873-1901 McKinleyWilliam--1843-1901 -- Assassination. Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="https://rightsstatements.org/page/NoC-US/1.0/">NO COPYRIGHT – UNITED STATES</a>. The organization that has made the Item available believes that the Item is in the Public Domain under the laws of the United States, but a determination was not made as to its copyright status under the copyright laws of other countries. The Item may not be in the Public Domain under the laws of other countries. Please refer to the organization that has made the Item available for more information. Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available State University of New York at Buffalo. University Libraries Czolgosz https://digital.lib.buffalo.edu/files/original/343dc397661d4c33d0ea890a919adbc7.pdf 7834c6d3991ec42f305df6fb5835ed1e PDF Text Text Justice is Fleet Czolgosz Jury secured and five Witnesses heard, Assassin Would Talk Likely to renew the Effort—His Plea of Guiltyre jected. Proceedings Surgeons’ Dignified Testimony as to the Presidents Wound very Interesting Dr. Mynter And Dr. Mann Heard time could render otherwise than abject and contemptible. The very futility of his folly was shown by the fact that under the identical institutions he sought to overthrow, he was being held answerable for a life so vasily more valuable than his own, that death. If regarded as adequate atonement would be a mere mockery. It is one of the mysteries of the universe how so low a life could strike so high a soul. It is not one of the mysteries of the universe that the principles of truth and justice should endure forever. To the institutions of men is given their interpretation and it is the law of eternal right, rather than the law of mortal man, which makes of Czolgosz a condemed soul. The pending trial, therefore, simply tells the story of his crime as truth and justice demand that it shall be told Retribu­ tion follows, to send him on his way of misery. The trial is no battle over an innocent man, no struggle to save a wronged or injured life. It Is a calm, dispassionate recital of an awful crime, of an outrage against God and man. It is told of a wanton, deliberate murderer. Tis very telling leaves him as if he had no right to a part in a proceeding so fair, so just, so upright and so able. honor Jury quickly secured. Great progress was made in the first day. The jury of twelve good, honest men, who believe in the laws and Institutions of the United States was obtained in 2 hours and 20 minutes. It speaks well for the social order, which Czolgosz defames, that the 12 men were selected out of the panel of 36 drawn for the needs of the court, without recourse to other panels and that, despite their Inevitable opinions, the 12 men, on oath before God, pledged unreservedly their ability to give him a fair trial with the benefit of every doubt. The jurors, who will do their duty are: No. 1. Frederick V. Lauer, a plumber, 60 years old. of No. 1048 Michigan Street, Buffalo. No. 2. Richard J. Carwood, a streetrailway foreman, 46 years old, of No. 48 Tryon Place, Buffalo No. 3, Henry W. Wendt, a manufacturer, wasper formed would have beenim mediately fatal Longer Operation than At the earthly bar of justice, Leno F. Czolgosz was arraigned yesterday for the crime for which he will answer at the Judgment bar of God. His conviction is foreordained. His trial is a form of the Government whose institutions he pre tends to despise, It guarantees to him all the rights and privileges as a citizen under the law. After the verdict will come his sentence and after the law's decree will come his death. He affects indif erence to it all. But, after the in difference and the penalties of earth have passed, he will stand face to face with the great man he murdered. What a meeting it will be! The President's [illegible] forgiveness will have changed to divine compassion then and the one bright gleam in the utter darkness at the assassin's eternity will come from the life he sought to end. Thus the trial that began yesterday simply in a part of the procedure leading to the ultimate punishment. It is the be ginning of the and or earth's preliminary to the eternal doom awaiting the murderer. Those burdened with the conduct of the trial feel this relationship to higher things and from the outset there was a dignity, a Statelyness so far above the place in which the prisoner lived and proved he had his being that be became. from the first, a poor, miserable creature, a pitied wrech, whom no notoriety could dignify and whom no mock [illegible] at say of No. 335 Jersey Street, Buffalo. No. 4. Silae Carmer, a farmer. 65 years old, of Clearance No. 5. James S. Stygall, Jr., a plumber, 45 years old, of No. 14 Normal Avenue, Buffalo. No 6. William Lotes a farmer, 65 years old, of Eden. No 7, Walter K. Kverett, a blacksmith, 30 years old, of No. 176 Fifteenth Street, Buffalo. No. 8. Ben C. Ralph, bank cashier, 40 years old, of No. 310 Woodward Avenue, Buffalo. H0. 9, Samhuel P. Waldow, a farmer, 59 years old, of Alden. No 10, Andrew J. Smith, butter and eggs dealer, 60 years old, of No. 140 Leroy Avenue, Buffalo. No. 11, Joachim H. Mortens, boot and shoe dealer, 42 years old, of No. 945 Exchange Street, Buffalo. No 13. Robert J. Adams, building contractor, 42 years old, of No. 209 Purdy Street, Buffalo. It is a good jury. It is what the lawyers call a strong jury. A glance through the list shows it is a representative jury, of men who stand for the citizenship of this country, honest, upright, frank, fair. The care in its selection was due to a desire on both sides to have twelve men who would be guided solely by the evidence and would give their verdict as the tale of the crime revealed the guilty, responsible watch. Five Witnesses Called. Five witnesses were called during the day. The first was Samuel J. Field, the engineer, who verified the drawings of the scene of the crime. The second was Harry A. Biles, the Stenographer, identified the photographs of the scene of the crime. The third was Dr. Harvey R. Gaylord, who conducted the autopsy his test iomoney revealed the details of the cause of death and exploded many yellow-journal fakes. The forth and firth witnesses Buffalo Express, September 24, 1901 (excerpt) were Dr. Herman Mynter and Dr. Matthew D. Mann and the first day of the trial ended with Dr. Mann on the stand, about to be cross-examined. Drs. Mann and Mynter performed the operation on the President, were the chief surgeon at his bedside and were present at the autopsy. Their testimony made clear, once and for all, that if an effort had been made during the operation to Locale the bullet, the President would have died on the operating table. They also made clear that the reason the bullet was not found at the autopsy was, that after four hours, the family of the dead President requested that the autopsy be terminated and Insisted that no further search be made for the bullet. Hence it was the family that put an end to search for the bullet and criticism for not finding it was unwarranted and unjust. Also the testimony made so plain, that the least Informed of lay readers may understand the causes of death, the condition of the organs and wounds of the President and all the facts desired or necessary for the public to know in order to confirm, for all time, the fact that the surgeons did their full duty and all that human skill and science could do was done to save the Prestdent's life. The testimony showed clearly and conclusively, of course, that death was due to the bullet wound. The prosecutors will show today that Czolgosz inflicted that wound. Assassin wished to speak. Less important, in many ways, than the foregoing facts was the attitude of Czolgosz. He desires to speak. It was his expectation yesterday to address the court. When he was led in and unshackled and was waiting to enter a plea, he half rose, but Detective- Sergeant Geary drew him down into his chair. "I want to speak.” said Czolgosz. He was told to wait. When his time came to plead, he mumbled the one word, "guilty," after the question had been read a second time as be feigned inability to hear it the first time. His voice was thick, low, indistinct. Of course, his plea of guilty could not be accepted under the law and a plea of not guilty, as required la capital cases, was entered by his counsel. It simply was significant, as showing he realized the uselessness of denial fully as much as the futility of defiance. He is not so bold and hardy as some think. Away back is the secret chambers of his mind there are thoughts of sorrow and pangs of remorse. A few days ago, as he rode with Asst-Supt. Cusack on a street car, ignorant of the President's death, the veteran detective told him: "Czolgosz, I have good news; the President is better." The wretch whose doom is death, turned and said huskily: "I'm glad," Thus, his mumbled guilt yesterday was not mere bravado. There is sorrow in his soul, if far no other reason because he knows he must die. Czolgosz perfectly sane. He expects to speak later. When he learned yesterday that before sentence of death is passed on him he must stand up while the court ask him it he has anything to say, he said that at that time he intends to speak. What he will say no one can foretell. His mood may change, his intentions may falter, and he may keep silent. Those who have been near him most, believe be will speak. Some of them think it will he a speech of sorrow. Others say it will be a declaration of defiance, a eulogy of anarchy and a denunciation of government. Whatever it ism it will be the speech of a sane man. On unimpeachable authority it was stated yesterday that all the alienists have agreed. Drs. MacDonald, Hamilton, Hurd, Crego, Putnam and Fowler that Czolgosz is sane and that he was fully responsible mentally for his acta when he committed the crime and since. Dignity at the Trial. All will be gratified to note the simplici­ ty of the proceedings. There is no charstory to mar the trial. All goes evenly, smoothly unpretentiously. Justice while presides with dignity and impartiality. �Third Juror. Henry W. Wendt, manufacturer, living nt 335 Jersey street, was the next juror called. He told the district attorney that he knew of no reason why be could out serve as an impartial juror. "You have formed an opinion in this case?" asked Judge Lewis. "I have." "And it would take evidence to remove that opinion?" "Yes, I suppose it would," "Could you act aside your opinion and fairly weigh the evidence presented here?" "I could.” "And if the evidence were such as to create a reasonable doubt as to the defendant's guilt, could you give him the benefit of that doubt?" "Yes, if there was a reasonable doubt." Mr. Wendt was accepted and sworn as the third juror. Horatio M. Winspear was next called. He is a farmer living at Elma. "Do you believe in the infliction of capital punishment in cases of murder in the first degree?" asked Mr. Penney, "Well, I don't know," replied Mr. Winspear. "There seems to be some doubt about it." "There is a little." "If the defendant were proven guilty of murder in the first degree could you vote for his conviction, knowing that the penalty is death?” "Yes, I think I could," "Do you believe in the government of the United States?" "Yes. I do." After Mr. Lewis had questioned Winspear at some length, Mr. Penney excused him, evidently fearing his prejudice against the infliction of the death penalty. George Kuhn, a baker living at 468 High street, bad too strong an opinion in the cake and was excused by Justice White. John Delliott, a Grand Island farmer, was next called. "Do you believe in the constitution and government of the United States?" naked Mr. Penney. "I do." "Do you believe in capital punishment." "Yes sir." "Would you vote for his conviction knowing the penalty to be death?" "No, sir." "You would not?" "No, sir." "I ask that the juror he excused." In answer to Judge Lewis's questions, the Juryman declared that he would vote for conviction if the evidence war ranked it, not-with-standing the fact that the penalty is death. “You would not hesitate to vote for conviction?" "No. sir." The juror was finally excused by the people. Fourth Juror. Silas Carmer, a farmer living at Clarence, who was the next juryman called, said he bad made up his mind as to the guilt or innocence of the defendant. "Could you render an impartial verdiet in this case in accordance with the evidence?" "I think I could." "Is your opinion pretty strung?" asked Judge Lewis. "Yes, sir; I guess it is." "And it would take evidence to change that opinion?" "I should say it would." "Would you be willing to acquit this defendent if the evidence in his favor was sufficient?" "It would have to be pretty strong evidence." "But if the evidence were such as to raise a reasonable doubt in your mind as to the guilt of this defendant would you give him the benefit of the doubt and vote for his acquittal?" "Yes, sir, I should." "What we want to know is whether your mind is in such a condition that you can sit on this jury and give this men a fair and proper trial, and could render a verdict according to the evidence. Do you think you could do that?" "Yes, sir." "We have no objection" said Judge Lewis. Mr. Carmer was sworn as the fourth juror, it was then 11 o’clock. Herman B. Tauber, a railroad clerk living at 532 Eagle street, declared that he believed in the government of the United States, and could wilder a fair and Impartial verdict. In answer to Judge Lewis's a question, however, he admitted his opinion as to the guilt of the defendant was firmly fixed, and the court excused him. Dennis T. O'Reilly, life insurace agent living at 147 Prospect avenue, said he believed in the constitution and the government of the United States and that he could render a fair and impartial verdict. To Judge Lewis, he declared he had not formed no opinion as to the guilt or innocence of the defendant Then be admitted that he had formed a kind of an opinion. "It that opinion so strong that you could not consider evidence Impartially and give it its due weight?" "No, sir, it an't, but I don’t want to sit on this case." "We are satisfied," said Judge Lewis. "We excuse him," said Mr. Penny. It was evident that Judge Lewis was not inclined to be captious concerning the qualifications of jurors and that he did not wish to delay the case. Frederick Langbine, a farmer from Hamburg, was next called. He has lived in Lake View for 27 years, having been a railroad man until two or three years ago, when ho took to farming. He came from Germany in 1809, and is now a citizen. He told Mr. Penny that he believed in the United States government, in the law and in capital punishment. "You know of no reason why you can not sit in this case and give a fair and impartial verdict?" and Mr. Penney. "No, sir." In answer to Judge Lewis the talesman said that he had formed no opinion. He said that he read the papers only once a week. "Do I understand you to say that you have formed no opinion?” from Judge Lewis. "I have not," "Have you discussed it with your neighbors?" "Yes, sir." "Refrained from expression of your opinion to them?" "Yes, sir." "Are yon a married man?" "Yes, sir.” "Have you not expressed your opinion to your wife?" "No, sir." "Nor to your children?" asked Judge Lewis incredulously. "No. sir, not to them." "No objections." said Judge Lewis. "We will excuse him, sir," said Mr. Penny. Assemblyman George Ruehl, a barber at 130 Eaton street, was called next. He told Mr. Penney that he knew of no reason why he could not be a fair and impartial juror. "You are a barber?" "Yes, sir.” "Heard people talk about it in your shop and have talked with them, have you not?" asked Judge Lewis. "More people have talked to me than I have talked to," was the assemblyman's reply. "You must he one of those barbers who do not talk,” commented Judge Lewis. "We will excuse Mr. Ruehl,'' said Judge Lewis. Wallace A. Butler, a farmer of Sardinia, was the next talesman called. He knew of no reason why he could not be a fair juror, when asked the usual question by Mr. Penney. "You have formed an opinion, have you not?" asked Judge Lewis. "Yes, but I am not very set?" "Can you conform to the requirements meats of the law?” "Well, it is pretty strong.” "So strong, that you would not abide by the evidence." "Well, not so strong as that, but it would require pretty strong evidence." Judge Lewis challenged the juror and the court excused him. Fifth Juror. James S. Stygall, Jr., plumber, of 44. Normal avenue was next, He answered Mr. Penney's questions satisfactorily. "Is your opinion so strongly fixed that you can not set it aside?" asked Judge Lewis. "No, sir." "Could you acquit him, if a reasonable doubt was raised in your mind?" "Yes, sir." "You are sure you can do that, give him the benefit of a reasonable doubt?" "Yes, sir." "Satisfactory." said Judge Lewis. "Satisfactory to us," responded Mr. Penney. Mr. Stygall was then sworn in and took his seat as the 5fth juror. Mr. Milburn's Appearance. At 11.20 o'clock John G. Milburn came into court. Everybody turned to see him. He walked up to the court clerk's desk, and then sat down in a press seat near Senator Davis. Mr. Milburn put on his glasses and looked at Czolgosz. Then he spoke to Senator Davis and Mr. Davis nodded. Mr. Milburn looked at the prisoner again, long and steadily. The expression on Mr. Milburn's face was not a pleasant one. It wasn't exactly an expression of anger but it was an odd mixture of sor row, contempt and pity. Frank J. Lutz, a clerk, living at 906 Glenwood avenue, was next called. He told the district attorney that he was a grocer working for himself. He had been in business since May. "Do you believe in the constitution and laws of the United States?" asked Mr. Penney. �could conceal its disgust. Judge Titus visibly showed on his countenance his feeling of contempt for the murderer. Justice White broke the stillness at 10.15 o'clock. “Any Business for the Court?" "Mr. District Attorney, have you any business for the court?" be asked. "I desire to arraign the prisoner, Leon F. Czolgosz, Your Honor," said Mr. Penney, and, turning to Czolgosz, who arose at a signal from the detectives, be said: "Mr. Czolgosz, you have been indicted on the charge of murder in the first degree, committed on the sixth day of Sep tember of this year, in that you unlawful y killed one William McKinley, trary con to law, how do you plead?" "If the court please, we desire"— began Judge Lewis. "I think the prisoner was about to speak," said Justice White, as Czolgosz made as if to speak. "Czolgosz, did you understand what the district Attorney said to you?" Czolgosz speaks. "I didn't hear it," mumbled Czolgosz, so low that few could understand. "You are indicted and charged with having committed the crime of murder in the first degree. It is alleged that you on the sixth day of September of this year Unlawfully shot and killed William McKinley contrary to law, how do you plead?" said Mr. Penney. Just before he bad been arraigned to plead Czolgosz had desired to make a speech and so told Decective-Sergeant Geary who restrained him and told him to wall. When Mr. Penney asked how he pleaded, Czolgosz hesitated a short moment, then looked up toward Justice White, then dropped his eyes. "Guilty” says Czolgosz. "Guilty,'' he said, in a low tone, a single word muttered or mumbled so it barely could be understood. "How?” asked Justice White. "He pleads guilty,” said Mr. Penney. "That plea cannot be accepted in this court. The clerk will enter a plea of not guilty and we will proceed with the trial," said Justice White. ’This defendant appeared in the County Court last week and at that times Judge Emery assigned as his counsel the Hon. Loran L. Lewis and the Hon. Robert C. Titus, and his associate. Mr. Ladd, to attend to the case and ascertain the rights that this man had and to put in such defense as to them they deemed beat," said Mr. Penney. "They are hers, I suppose, to attend to that in this court this morning. I will ask Your Honor to confirm that assignment." Judge. Titus's Statement. Judge Titus arose and, bowing to the court, said: If the court please, it has been thought best by my distinguished associate and myself, and my young friend that something should be said, not in the way of apology, but as a reason why we are here in defense of this defendant. At the time we were assigned I was out of the city, and neither of my associate was consulted about the assignment. I at first declined absolutely to take part in the defense of the case, but subsequently, it was made to appear in Judge Lewis and my­ self that it was a duty which we owed alike to our profession, to the public and to the court, that we accept this assignment, unpleasant though the task is for us, and we, therefore, appear in accordant with that assignment in see that this defendant, If he is guilty, is convicted only by such evidence at the law of the land requires in a case of this character. And that in the trial of this case the forms of law shell be observed in every particular and that no act or no bit of evidence shall be introduced here Upon the trial of this case and accepted against this defendant unless it is such as would be introduced and accepted upon the trial of the meanest criminal in the smallest case. Court approves. Justice White immediately replied as follows. It certainly accords with the views of this court that gentlemen like yourselves should have been appointed, by the Country Court to defend this prisoner. It gives to the public and the courts and those engaged in the administration of the law absolute assurance that the prisoner will receive fair treatment during the progress of this trial, and that he will meet with such justice as the law demands in his behalf, as he is assured by the fundamental law of the land. The plea of guilty, which has been entertained by the prisoner. Indicates, as the court looks upon it, that he himself anticipates no escape from the penally which the law prescribes. Of course, that plea cannot be accepted, and the progress of the trial should be the same, in my judgement as though be himself bad authored a plea of not guilty. I am sure you gentlemen will protect him to the same extent that you would if you were retained for a munificent compensation to do the duty which you are undertaking to do now. Some question has been raised, and discussed in the public print, at any rate, as to the diction of the County Court to appoint you juris gentlemen. It is my pleasure not only to confirm, but, if it should be deemed necessary, appoint and designate you gentlemen to the task which you have set out to perform. Thus was the record made perfect beyond peradventure. Thus were the rights of Czolgosz protected as if he were an innocent man, entitled to be shielded in stead of condemned by the law. Trial is moved. "I move the trial of the defendant, Leon F. Czolgosz, Your Honor," said Mr. Penney "By direction of the court, the defendant in informed that if he intends to challenge an individual juror, he must do so when the juror appears and before he is sworn, and that the following are duly called to try the case," announced Clerk Fisher and the trial of Czolgosz had begun. First came the obtaining of a jury. A list of as jurors had been drawn on August 26th, long before the murder, for the term of court beginning yesterday. This list was in the hands of the clerk and be draw name by name from the box. As a name was drawn and called the juror answered and stepped forward to the witness-box. Where he was sworn to answer truthfully the questions asked of him. Then the prosecution examined him, then the defense and it both were satisfied he was sworn as a juror. Either side could challenge for cause or peremptorily or the court could excuse a juror. Examining Jurors. The examination of the first juror called will give a good idea of the question asked and the form of obtaining a jury. Here it is, from the record: Frederick V. Laver, being called and duly sword as to his qualifications to serve as a juror, testified as follows: Direct examination by Mr. Penney. Q.- Where do you live, Mr. Lauer? A.-No. 1114 Michigan Street. Q.—What is your business? A— Plumber. Q.— Were you born in this country? A.—Born in Buffalo. Q.—You believe in our form of government A.do -I Q.—Do you believe in capital punishment? A.- I do. Q.- Do you know say reason why you cannot render a fair verdict on the evidence in this case? A.—It depends a good deal on the evidence. (Stenographer reads question.) A.— I do not, no. Q.— If you were convinced of the guilt of a man charged with murder in the first degree, if you were a trial juror, would you vote for his conviction? A.— If I was convinced of it? Q.—Yes. A.—Would I vote for his conviction? Q.— Yes, that is the question. A.- Certainly. Cross-examination by Mr. Lewis: Q.—Mr. Lauer, are you a married man? A.—Yes. Q.-Children? A.— Ten living. Q.- In your mind in such a condition, Mr. Lauer, in your judgment. That if this facts and evidence in this case should raise a responsible doubt in your mind as to the guilt of the defendant, do you think you could render a verdict of not guilty? A.— I could, if there was any doubt in regard to his sanity. Q.- You could give him then the benefit of a reasonable doubt? A.Q .-You areYes, not acquainted sir. with the defendant? A.- Never saw him until today. Q.— No prejudice against him, then? A.—No, sir. Q.- No special prejudice against any class in the community? A.—Not that I know of. Mr. Lewis- No objection. Mr. Penney- No objection. The juror was then sworn by the clerk as follows, defendant standing: Juror, look upon the defendant, defendant, look upon the juror. You do solemnly swear that you will well and truly try and true deliverance make between the people of the State of New York and Leon F. Czolgosz, alias Fred Nieman, defendent, whom you shall have in charge, and a true verdict render according to the 'evidence, so help you God. Juror—I do. Juror takes his sent as No. 1. Mr. Lauer was gray-mustached, deep-voiced and wore a frock coat with an army button on it, and blue trousers. He answered frankly and honestly. When Czolgosz arose Mr. Lauer eyed him straightforwardly, but Czolgosz gazed up at the white-faced clock, as if its ticking reminded him how precious the rest of time was for him. He sat down listlessly as Mr. Lauer took the back seat in the southwest corner of the Jury-box. Richard J. Garwood accepted The next man called was Richard J. Garwood. He had gray hair and gray mustache, and is a little hard of hearing. He is married, was born is England but had lived here eighteen years was a citizen, and believed in capital punishment and the forms and institutions of government Judge Lewis cross-examined him carefully, with a desire, like that of Mr. Penney, to get only the best, fairest men to try the prisoner. Mr. Garwood had an opinion and had talked about the case, but he could give a fair verdict on the evidence, and both sides accepted him. Czolgosz, during the questioning furtively watched Mr. Garwood, as did all other jurors, but when he was told to rise and look upon the juror he invariably rose and looked elsewhere, nowhere in particular. Joshua Winner excused. Two jurors in ten minutes was excellent. Joshua Winner, a farmer of North Collins, was the next called Mr. Winner was 49 years old, black-must ached, gray-haired, and had such a strong Impression of Czolgosz's guilt that he was excused by Judge Lewis. Henry W. Wendt Juror No. 3. Henry W. Wendt of the Buffalo Forge Company was the next. Mr. Penney learned in two questions that he believed in capital punishment and knew of no reason why he could not give Czolgosz a fair trial. On examination by Judge Lewis Mr. Wendt stated he had not a definite opinion as to Czolgosz's guilt or innocence, and then made clear that he had no opinion, but it was one which would not interfere with giving a verdict on the evidence, and at 10.40 o'clock he was sworn in as juror No. 3. Farmer was excused. Horatio M. Winspear, a former of Elma. to years old, gray-haired, seemed backward in comprehending questions, and when asked by Mr. Penney if he believed in capital punishment hesitated and answered "Well—yes.” He had a decided opinion as to the guilt of the accused, but was excused by the prosecution. Opinion too firm. George Kuhn, a German, born citizen and a baker at No. 465 High Street, had an opinion that evidence could not change "even if the evidence should establish that the defendant was not the individual who committed the crime," He was excused by the court. Understood too late. John Delliott, a young black-mustached farmer who lives on the State Road on Grand Island was challenged by Mr. Penney after the following colloquy: Q.—It you should be selected as a trial juror in a murder case, it after you had sat and listened to all the evidence, you believed the defendant guilty beyond reasonable doubt of murder in the first degree, would you vote for his conviction, knowing the penalty to be death? A.- No. I don't think to. Stenographer repeats question. A.- No, sir. �Q.- You fully understand now the question? A.I think I do. Mr. Penney- I challenge the juror. Examined by Judge Lewis, Mr. Delliot: made clear this he had misunderstood the question, but it was too late. Mr. Titus- This man is given as No. 172 Boadway, a music store. This man here lives on Grand Island. No man gets his name upon this jury list unless he appeas before the commissioner for examination. This man has not appeared. Sort of a mistake on the part of the sheriff, I suppose, in summoning the wrong man. Mr. Penney- We comment that he be excused. Juror No. 4. Silas Carmer, a farmer from Clarence, 53 years old, white haired with a long, white beard and black sack suit, was next and he spoke up with a good, strong voice and refreshing promptness. He would want pretty good evidence to alter his opinion of the guilt or innocence of the aroused, but he manifestly was so fair that both sides accepted him and at 11 o'clock he was sworn in. Five Rejections. Then five candidates were rejected in succession. First was Herman B. Tauber, Pennsylvania Railroad clerk, who lives at N0. 9 Oakland Place. He was a young man, born in Canada, later lived in Alabama. He had blond hair and mustache and wore knickerbockers. The following brought about his challenge by the defense: Q.— Ever expressed any opinion as to the manner in which you thought he ought to be disposed of? A.—sir Yes, . Q.-What is that? A.— I say several opinions I have expressed regarding that- death. The Court—Judge Lewis, pardon the interuptpion. I doubt the propriety of pressing as answer to that. Mr. LewisYes. Well, I am not going to press that question very much. I only want to see what sort of a man we have here. Q.— Do you believe that when a man is charged with crime he ought to have the form of a trial? A.—Yes, sir. Q.— According to the law of the land? A.—Yes, sir. Dennis T. O'Reilly, an insurace agent of No. 147 Prospect Avenus, believed he could sit impartially, but he did not want to get on the case and he was excused peremptorily by Mr. Penney after some talk on sanity. Frederick Langbinn, a farmer of Hamburg, 35 years old, born in Mecklenburg, Germany, also was challenged by the prosecution. He said he had not even expressed himself on the affair to his wife or anyone else. Assemblymen George Ruehl, the harber, of No. 130 Eaton Street, was excused by the defense as his opinion was pretty firmly fixed, although as Judge Lewis said. Ruehl was "not one of those talking barbers," Walins A. Butler, a farmer of Sardinia, smooth-shaven, bald head, was excused by the court as his opinion was such that it would take a pretty strong doubt to persuade him to give the defendent the benefit of it. Judge. Mr. Titus- The District Attorney consents that he may be excised and I think he better be. The Court- Excused No. 7 a Blacksmith. Juror No. 7 was next. He was Walter E. Everett. a blacksmith. 39 years old, born in England. He had a black mustache and wore a gray suit. He has a shop on Hamburg Street and lives at No. 176 Fifteenth Street. He answered fairly and frankly and was accepted. Hours of Court fixed. At that point Judge Lewis made the following statement: Now, about the hours that we are to sit here. Neither Judge Titus nor myself are young men, especially myself and we are neither of us in perfect health. We have had very little opportunity to consult with each other since we concluded to abide by our designation as counsel for the defendant. Now, we believe that the internals will not be jured by having short hours. We need some in time for consideration, and after a conversation with the District Attorney we have concluded to ask Your Honor during this trial to get from 10 to 12 o'clock in the morning and from 2 to 4 o'clock in the afternoon. I mention 4 o'clock because my home-my summer home- is in Lewiston, and my train leaves at 4.40, and I am not inclined, unless I am absolutely compelled to do so, to find an abiding place here in the city while my family is at Lewiston, and that is our request, that those he the hours fixed, and we believe till trial would be practically as expeditiously concluded as if we were compelled to work here beyond our strength, Justice White replied: I are Inclined to think, Judge Lewis, that your request is entirely reasonable. I think you gentlemen should be indulged in any request that you make, in view of the onerous task that you take upon yourselves here. It is quite satisfactory to the court to comply with your wish, and, therefore, the court will convene hereafter at 10 o'clock in, the morning and adjourn at 12 o'clock, and than resume work at 2 o'clock. No. 8 a Banker. The eighth juror was next. He was Ben C. Ralph of No. 310 Woodwerd nue, assistant cashier of the Third Ave National Bank. His examination was short and satisfactory to both sides and he was accepted. Justice White to Jurors. Justice White then addressed the eight jurors thus: old of No. 759 North Division Street, was challenged by the prosecution. Gentlemen, you who have been accepted as jurors in this case, it is incumbent upon the court to admonish you against discussing the case among yourselves or permitting anybody else to talk about it in your presence. Keep your minds entirely open and free that you may he convinced by the evidence produced in court and by nothing else as to the questions which will be submitted to you for your determination. To those gentlemen who are summoned as trial jurors at this term of the court and who are liable to be examined for the purpose of sitting upon this case. It is proper to say that they should refrain from in any way discussing this case with any person. They should refrain from asking any information about it-any further information than they now possess— or doing anything in order to put themselves in a condition where they cannot properly serve impartially as between the people mid the prisoner at the bar. Now take a recess until 2 o'clock. Farmer accepted as No. 6. Noon Recess. Juror No. 5. Then the fifth juror, James S. Stygall. Jr., the plumber, was obtained. He was brown-moustached , 45 years old, and plain-spoken. Two questios satisfied Mr. Penney and Judge Lewis also was satisfied and at 11.20 o'clock Juror Stygall was worn in. Two rejected. Frank J. Lutz, a groceryman at No .1323 Michigan Street, was Misused by the defense. He swore that he had not formed any Opinion nf the guilt or innocence of the defendant. Michael McCloin, a nest trim, smooth-shaven carpenter. 43 years William Loton, a farmer of Eden, 65 years old, gray-bearded, frankly said his opinion was pretty firm, bill he could give the prisoner the benefit of a doubt and at 11.40 he was sworn in as juror No.6 Two more rejections. Benjamin Lang, a grocer of No. 35 Cherry Street, was excused by the court on property qualifications. Otto F. Ha ger, listed as running a music store at No. 172 Broadway, turned out to live on Grand Island business. and be in the beer-cooler He had sat on the Montgomery Gibbs Jury. He was [illegible] thus: Crier Hess announced the recess. All were told to keep their seats until the court and jury had filed out. Justice White left first, then the jurors, in the charge of Deputies Long, Haskell and Brady. Then Czolgosz, handcuffed to detectives Geary and Solomon, was led out, with Mr. Cusack ahead and police around. "Keep your seats! Sit down there!" ordered the police to the people in the courtroom. At 12.00 o'clock the audience was filing out and the prisoner was hurrying through the tunnel to a hearty dinner in the Jail. No. 9 a Farmer. The afternoon season began promptly. Among the prominent persons in the audience was Gov, David Bartlett of North Dakota. Judge Height of the Court of Appeals and the justices of the Supreme Court also were present during the latter part of the session. The eight Jurors entered at 1.47 o'clock, and Czolgosz was led in at 1.52 o'clock. The questions of Judges Titus and Lewis as to mental responsibility led some to think they planned to call alienists in behalf of Czolgosz, but Judge Titus said, significantly, they had not decided. Justice White entered precisely at 2 o'clock, the tipstaffs thumped, and Crier Hess recited the familiar formula. Clerk Fisher called the names of the eight jurors, who answered. John Berghold, a farmer of Lancaster, was the first candidate called in the afternoon. He is, 60 years old, gray-bearded and, not seeming to understand Mr. Penney's simple questions clearly, he was excused by the people. The ninth juror was obtained next. He was Samuel P. Waldow, a farmer of Alden, 59 years old, with Iron-gray hair and mustache, and a businesslike, outspoken, honest manner. He was born in Vermont and had lived 30 years in Alden. He had formed an opinion, he had it still and, while it would require evidence to remove it, he could render a fair verdict. Andrew J. Smith Juror No. 10. Andrew J. Smith, juror No. 10. 50 years old, a dealer in butter and eggs' on the Elk Street Market, and whose home is at No. 140 Leroy Avenue, was next. He had gray hair and mustache. His answers were satisfactory. Absent One fined $25. Juror Truman D. Keys, a manufacturer of Collins, failed to answer in his name, and Justice White ordered a fine of $25 to he imposed on him. The next man called was Peter Feldt. 35 years old, black-haired, brown-mustache, a laborer of North Collins, who also owns a hotel at Clarksburg in the town of Eden. He has been working for the Erie Preserving Company and was discharged last Saturday. Mr. Penney and Judge Titus examined him and then Mr. Penney examined him again, in an exceedingly interesting series of questions, evidently full of significance, as follows: Redirect examination by Mr. Penney. Q.- Do you know a man by the name of George H. Smith? A -1 do Q.- He lives in North Collins? A.- Yes, sir. Q.- Does he work for the preserving company? A.- He does. Q.— Do you know a person by Romaine Smith? the name of Q.- Do you know anyone by that name? A.-No, sir. L Q.- Do you know a person by the name of Smith Parker? A.- Well, I guess I do, I saw him once last spring, I think. Q.- Do you know a man by the name of George H. Davis? A.— I do. Q.- E. G. Fenton? A.— Yes. Q.- Rnow S. Hilbbard? A.—I know him by s ight. Q.- You know all these people? A.- Yes. Q.- Didn't you have some talk about this care the sixth day of September with George H. Smith? A.— Not much. Q.- I didn't ask you how much or how little. Didn't you have some talk? A.— Yas. Q.- You told the counsel you didn’t, didn't you? A.— George Smith? Q.- You told the counsel you didn't talk with anyone, didn't you? Didn't you make some comment when you heard the news of the shooting of President McKinley? A.- I did not. Q.- I don't ask you what it was? A.I did not, George Smith made it. By the Court-He asked you if you made any comment. A.- I did not, George Smith made it. Q.You know what I have reference to do [il egible]. �A.- I do not. Q.- How do you know that George Smith made the comment if you do not know what I have reference to? A.— I don't know. Q.-You did talk with him? A.- I did. Q.—You were than working in the Erie varying Company's place? Pre A.— I was. Q.— Was there anyone else present? A.—No, sir. Mr. Penney— I think this juror should he excused. The paper hu been submitted to you- By the Court- If you agree this man should be excused, he will be excused. Mr. Titus— I think he should exercise his peremptory challenge. Mr. Penney—I do not wish to make public what is in the paper. Mr. Titus—I don't think be should be excused on ex-parte affidavits. By the Court— He is not disqualified on his own statement. Mr. Penney—I do not care to discuss it. I will excuse him. Mr. Feldt quickly. left the witness-box very Several more excused. Edward S. Hampton, the next possibility, a florist from East Hamburg, was ex cused by the people. Emil Zacher, for merly police captain of No. 8. was excused by the defense. Judge Titus saying he believed they did not want a policeman on the jury, William J. Forsyth, the Seneca Street Shoe dealer,who lives at No. 525 Summer Street, was excused by the court as he said he "was prejudiced to such an extant be would feel somewhat disqualified." He clearly was glad not, to serve. The next two both were accepted, tilling the jury-born. The first was Joachim H. Mertens, a Seneca Street shoe dealer, who lives it No. 945 Exchanged Street. He is 13 years old, black-mustached, German burn and was scrupulously honest in all his answers. Robert J. Adams, the twelfth juror, was 18 years old, with sandy hair and mustache. He is a building contractor of No. 100 Purdy Street and was accepted at 3.40 o'clock. The jury was complete. All of the jurors had stated frankly they had formed in opinion of the case, but all stated with equal frankness that their opinion would not interfere with their giving a fair trial and just verdict on the evidence. The roll of the twelve jurors was called and all answered to their names. "The jury is all ready, Your Honor," announced Crier Hess. [The article continues on to describe details of the trial that may be found in the transcript] � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Pan-American Exposition of 1901 Description An account of the resource The Pan-American Exposition was held in Buffalo, New York from May 1 to November 2, 1901. Buffalo was chosen as the location because of its size (at the time it was the eighth largest city in the U.S. with a population of approximately 350,000) and also because of its well suited railway connections. The grounds spread across 342 acres and were located between Delaware Park Lake to the south, the New York Central railroad track to the north, Delaware Avenue to the east, and Elmwood Avenue to the west. The Exposition included educational exhibits as well as a Midway. The educational exhibits showcased the latest advancements in technology, most notably electricity. A major feature was electric lighting which utilized hydroelectric power generated in nearby Niagara Falls. Many of the Exposition buildings, including the prominent Electric Tower, were covered in light-bulbs creating a beautiful and unprecedented sight. The Pan-American Exposition also hosted some of the top engine manufacturers of the time. These companies provided “working exhibits” that actually functioned in the day-to-day operation of the Exposition. The Midway at the Pan-American Exposition provided visitors with entertainment and consisted of more than 42 exhibits. Some of the main attractions of the Midway included the “House Upside Down,” “Cleopatra’s Temple”, and the “Foreign Villages.” The Pan-American Exposition is most widely known as the location of President McKinley’s assassination. On September 6, 1901, while in a receiving line at the Exposition’s Temple of Music, President McKinley was shot twice by anarchist, Leon Czolgosz. McKinley was taken to the Exposition’s hospital where he was operated on by a number of prominent Buffalo surgeons including Roswell Park. The President was then taken to the home of John Milburn, head of the Exposition’s Board of Directors, to recover. After his condition appeared to improve, McKinley eventually died on September 14, 1901 in the Milburn home due to infection and gangrene from the gun shot wounds. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context LIB-005 Subject The topic of the resource Pan-American Exposition (1901 : Buffalo, N.Y.) Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived State University of New York at Buffalo. University Archives Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available State University of New York at Buffalo. University Libraries Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Document A resource containing textual data. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre text. Original Format If the image is of an object, state the type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data Newspapers -- New York (State) -- Buffalo Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context LIB-005_0412 Is Part Of A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included. LIB-005 Pan-American Exposition of 1901. LIB-005 Type The nature or genre of the resource text Clippings Title A name given to the resource Justice is fleet Alternative Title An alternative name for the resource. The distinction between titles and alternative titles is application-specific. Justice is fleet Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1901-09-24 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Buffalo Express, September 24, 1901 Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Buffalo (N.Y.) Description An account of the resource Newspaper article about the jury selection in the murder trial of Leon Czolgosz Subject The topic of the resource CzolgoszLeon F.1873-1901 McKinleyWilliam--1843-1901 -- Assassination. Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="https://rightsstatements.org/page/NoC-US/1.0/">NO COPYRIGHT – UNITED STATES</a>. The organization that has made the Item available believes that the Item is in the Public Domain under the laws of the United States, but a determination was not made as to its copyright status under the copyright laws of other countries. The Item may not be in the Public Domain under the laws of other countries. Please refer to the organization that has made the Item available for more information. Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available State University of New York at Buffalo. University Libraries Czolgosz Czolgosz, trial Trial https://digital.lib.buffalo.edu/files/original/769200ac93ae694643dbbcdc8cb0c602.pdf 7c07558aae182697130752430e8c09f0 PDF Text Text The Jury. The twelfth and last juror in the Czolgosz case was secured at 2.43 o‘clock this afternoon. The jury is composed as fol lows; Frederick V. Lauer, 1048 Michigan street. plumber, Richard J. Garwood, builder, 140 Hoyt street Henry W. Wendt manufacturer, 335 Jersey street. Silas Carmer, farmer, Clarence, James S. Stygall, Jr. plumber, 44 Normal avenue, William Loton, farmer, Eden. Walter E. Everett, blacksmith, 176 Fifteenth street. Ben C. Ralph, bank cashier, 310 Woodward avenue. Samuel P. Waldow, farmer, Alden. Andrew J. Smith, butter and egg dealer, 140 Leroy avenue, Joachim H. Mertens, boot and shoe dealer, 945 Exchange street. Robert J. Adams, contractor, 209 Purdy street � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Pan-American Exposition of 1901 Description An account of the resource The Pan-American Exposition was held in Buffalo, New York from May 1 to November 2, 1901. Buffalo was chosen as the location because of its size (at the time it was the eighth largest city in the U.S. with a population of approximately 350,000) and also because of its well suited railway connections. The grounds spread across 342 acres and were located between Delaware Park Lake to the south, the New York Central railroad track to the north, Delaware Avenue to the east, and Elmwood Avenue to the west. The Exposition included educational exhibits as well as a Midway. The educational exhibits showcased the latest advancements in technology, most notably electricity. A major feature was electric lighting which utilized hydroelectric power generated in nearby Niagara Falls. Many of the Exposition buildings, including the prominent Electric Tower, were covered in light-bulbs creating a beautiful and unprecedented sight. The Pan-American Exposition also hosted some of the top engine manufacturers of the time. These companies provided “working exhibits” that actually functioned in the day-to-day operation of the Exposition. The Midway at the Pan-American Exposition provided visitors with entertainment and consisted of more than 42 exhibits. Some of the main attractions of the Midway included the “House Upside Down,” “Cleopatra’s Temple”, and the “Foreign Villages.” The Pan-American Exposition is most widely known as the location of President McKinley’s assassination. On September 6, 1901, while in a receiving line at the Exposition’s Temple of Music, President McKinley was shot twice by anarchist, Leon Czolgosz. McKinley was taken to the Exposition’s hospital where he was operated on by a number of prominent Buffalo surgeons including Roswell Park. The President was then taken to the home of John Milburn, head of the Exposition’s Board of Directors, to recover. After his condition appeared to improve, McKinley eventually died on September 14, 1901 in the Milburn home due to infection and gangrene from the gun shot wounds. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context LIB-005 Subject The topic of the resource Pan-American Exposition (1901 : Buffalo, N.Y.) Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived State University of New York at Buffalo. University Archives Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available State University of New York at Buffalo. University Libraries Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Document A resource containing textual data. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre text. Original Format If the image is of an object, state the type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data Newspapers Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context LIB-005_0411 Is Part Of A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included. LIB-005 Pan-American Exposition of 1901. LIB-005 Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Clippings Title A name given to the resource Jury Alternative Title An alternative name for the resource. The distinction between titles and alternative titles is application-specific. Jury Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Buffalo (N.Y.) Subject The topic of the resource Jury CzolgoszLeon F.1873-1901 McKinleyWilliam--1843-1901 -- Assassination. Description An account of the resource Newspaper clipping of the names of those on the jury of trial of Leon Czolgosz Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="https://rightsstatements.org/page/NoC-US/1.0/">NO COPYRIGHT – UNITED STATES</a>. The organization that has made the Item available believes that the Item is in the Public Domain under the laws of the United States, but a determination was not made as to its copyright status under the copyright laws of other countries. The Item may not be in the Public Domain under the laws of other countries. Please refer to the organization that has made the Item available for more information. Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available State University of New York at Buffalo. University Libraries Trial https://digital.lib.buffalo.edu/files/original/b202a4eb8fcfdd4b9650e6daa20837e9.pdf 0b7417052920bc13dd666031fd1dc6a9 PDF Text Text Death Warrant. The Instrument Which Consigns Czolgosz to the Electric Chair. Czolgosz’s death warrant is an historic document. It is the supreme mandate of the court, commanding the death of the anarchist assassin for the foul murder of the beloved President, William McKinley. It is not a document of vengeance, hut it is the final instrument by which the law hikes the life of Leon P. Czolgosz in return for the life which he took. But the document is not attested until the victim has had every opportunity of a trial by a jury of twelve men. Those men passed upon that crime in all its details, and swore that the assassin should suffer the penalty which the law imposes for the crime of murder in the first degree. Then the passing of the sentence that Czolgosz must die rested with Justice Truman C. White, and he has pronounced the fateful words. But one more instrument was required by the law to place the assassin in the electric chair in Auburn state prison, and that was the death warrant with all the formalities of law. The death warrant was prepared by Martin J. Fisher, clerk of part 3 of the supreme court of the state of New York, in which the assassin was convicted of his guilt, and in which the sentence of dentil was pronounced against him. When it was prepared Justice White attached his signature to it. When the prisoner's guards present that document to the warden of Auburn state prison, the life of the assassin will he in his hands. So memorable is that document that it is given in full herewith: The people of the State of New York—To the Agent and Warden of Auburn rotate prison: Greeting— Whereas, at a term of the supreme court of the state of New York, held at the city of Buffalo, in the county of Erie, state of New York, beginning on the 23d day of September, 1901. before Honorable Truman C. White, one of the justices of said, court, presiding, and a Jury. Leon F. Czolgosz was convicted of the crime of murder in the first degree, in that he wilfully and feloniously, and from a deliberate and premeditated design to effect the death of William Mckinley, did kill and murder said Wil iam McKinley, at said city of Buffalo, on the 6th day of September, 1901. The said Leon F. Czolgosz appeared be fore said court for Judgment and having been duly asked by the clerk whether he had any legal cause to show why judgment should not be pronounced against him, and after due Inquiry being made into the circumstances, and there appearing no legal reason why the execution of the sentence against said Leon F. Czolgosz should not he made, or why judgment should not be pronounced, said supreme court of the state of New York, hidden as aforesaid, did then and there, and on the 26th day of September, 1901, render judgment and sentence said Leon F. Czolgosz to suffer the punishment of death to be inflicted by the application of electricity, as provided by law, within the week commencing on Monday, the 28th day October, 1901, within the walls of the state prison of the state of New York, at Auburn, New York, or in the yard or enclosure thereto adjoining; and that in the meantime he, the said Leon F. Czolgosz, bo removed to and until the inflicton of said punishment be kept in solitary confinement in said state prison. Now, therefore, you are hereby ordered, commanded and required to execute the said sentence upon said Leon F. Czolgosz upon some day within the week commenc ing Monday, the 28th day of October, 1901, the time of the execution within sold work to be left to your discretion, and within the walls of said state prison, or within the yard or enclosure adjoining thereto, by then and there canning to pass through the body of him, said Leon F. Czolgosz, a cur rent of electricity of sufficient Intensity to cause death and that the application of said current of electricity be continued until he, said Leon F. Czolgosz, be dead. Given under my hand and seal of this court this 26th day of September, 1901. Truman C. White, Justice of the supreme court. Thus was the doom of the miserable wretch scaled by the majesty of the law. � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Pan-American Exposition of 1901 Description An account of the resource The Pan-American Exposition was held in Buffalo, New York from May 1 to November 2, 1901. Buffalo was chosen as the location because of its size (at the time it was the eighth largest city in the U.S. with a population of approximately 350,000) and also because of its well suited railway connections. The grounds spread across 342 acres and were located between Delaware Park Lake to the south, the New York Central railroad track to the north, Delaware Avenue to the east, and Elmwood Avenue to the west. The Exposition included educational exhibits as well as a Midway. The educational exhibits showcased the latest advancements in technology, most notably electricity. A major feature was electric lighting which utilized hydroelectric power generated in nearby Niagara Falls. Many of the Exposition buildings, including the prominent Electric Tower, were covered in light-bulbs creating a beautiful and unprecedented sight. The Pan-American Exposition also hosted some of the top engine manufacturers of the time. These companies provided “working exhibits” that actually functioned in the day-to-day operation of the Exposition. The Midway at the Pan-American Exposition provided visitors with entertainment and consisted of more than 42 exhibits. Some of the main attractions of the Midway included the “House Upside Down,” “Cleopatra’s Temple”, and the “Foreign Villages.” The Pan-American Exposition is most widely known as the location of President McKinley’s assassination. On September 6, 1901, while in a receiving line at the Exposition’s Temple of Music, President McKinley was shot twice by anarchist, Leon Czolgosz. McKinley was taken to the Exposition’s hospital where he was operated on by a number of prominent Buffalo surgeons including Roswell Park. The President was then taken to the home of John Milburn, head of the Exposition’s Board of Directors, to recover. After his condition appeared to improve, McKinley eventually died on September 14, 1901 in the Milburn home due to infection and gangrene from the gun shot wounds. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context LIB-005 Subject The topic of the resource Pan-American Exposition (1901 : Buffalo, N.Y.) Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived State University of New York at Buffalo. University Archives Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available State University of New York at Buffalo. University Libraries Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Document A resource containing textual data. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre text. Original Format If the image is of an object, state the type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data Newspapers -- New York (State) -- Buffalo Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context LIB-005_0410 Is Part Of A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included. LIB-005 Pan-American Exposition of 1901. LIB-005 Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Clippings Title A name given to the resource Death warrant Alternative Title An alternative name for the resource. The distinction between titles and alternative titles is application-specific. Death warrant Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1901-09-26 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Buffalo Commercial, September 26, 1901 Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Buffalo (N.Y.) Description An account of the resource On Exposition grounds Death warrant for the execution of Leon Czolgosz by the State of New York Subject The topic of the resource CzolgoszLeon F.1873-1901 McKinleyWilliam--1843-1901 -- Assassination. Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="https://rightsstatements.org/page/NoC-US/1.0/">NO COPYRIGHT – UNITED STATES</a>. The organization that has made the Item available believes that the Item is in the Public Domain under the laws of the United States, but a determination was not made as to its copyright status under the copyright laws of other countries. The Item may not be in the Public Domain under the laws of other countries. Please refer to the organization that has made the Item available for more information. Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available State University of New York at Buffalo. University Libraries Death warrant https://digital.lib.buffalo.edu/files/original/6d350f879d3c3b213e9ee2c3187885f9.pdf c6b9c4e1b0aac91dd0ae56009ffea212 PDF Text Text Czolgosz’s Death Stated. Warden Mead Files A Certificate Here. Three Buffalonians Signed It— Physicians' Certificate Of Autopsy. ______ Warden Mead's certificate of the elec trocution of Csolgoszz. assassin of Presi dent McKinley, was received by CountyClerk John H. Price by mail from‘Auburn yesterday morning and placed in the arch ives of the Clerk of Erie County as a mat ter of record tor all time. It reads as fol lows: L. J. Warren Mead, the agent and warden of the State prison at Auburn. N. Y., and the other pub lic officers, citizens and ministers of the Gospel, whose names are hereto subscribed, do certify that Leon F. Czolgosz alias Fred Nieman, who was sentenced by the Supreme Court, held in and for the County of Erie on the 26th day of Septem ber, 1001, war on the 29th day of October, 1901, at 7.12 o'clock a. m., in pursuance of the said sentence executed by causing to pass through his body a current of electricity of sufficient In tensity to cause death, and continuing the application of such current until be was dead, in the State prison at Auburn, N. Y.; and we, the undesigned, do certify that we witnessed the said execution and that the same was conducted in conformity to the sentence of the court and the provisions of the criminal code. In witness thereof we have at the said prison subscribed our names hereto this 29th day of Oc tober, 1001. J. Warren Mead, Agent and Warden. Samuel Caldwell. Sheriff. John P. Jaeckel, Ashley W. Cole, W. H. Pinder. George Weston, Charles R. Skinner, O. L. Ingalls. Henry Oliver Ely. Charles R. Huntley, William A. Howe, O. R. Trowbridge, W. O. Wolff. M D., John A. Slricher. Accompanying the warden's certificate was a certificate made by Dr. Carlos F. MacDonald of New York and PrisonPhysician John Gerin, who made the autopsy, which also was entered in the rec ord of the County Clerk. It is as follows: To J. Warren Mead, agent and warden of the State prison at Auburn. N. Y., The undersigned physicians, designated by you to attend the execution of Leon F. Czolgosz, alias Fred Nieman, hereby certify as follows: That we attended the execution of Leon F. Czolgosz, alias Fred Nieman, and immediately thereafter performed an autopsy upon the body of the same and find that the cause of death was due to a current of electricity passed through his body in accordance with the statute in such case made and provided. Carlos F. MacDonald, M. D., John Gerin, M. D. � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Pan-American Exposition of 1901 Description An account of the resource The Pan-American Exposition was held in Buffalo, New York from May 1 to November 2, 1901. Buffalo was chosen as the location because of its size (at the time it was the eighth largest city in the U.S. with a population of approximately 350,000) and also because of its well suited railway connections. The grounds spread across 342 acres and were located between Delaware Park Lake to the south, the New York Central railroad track to the north, Delaware Avenue to the east, and Elmwood Avenue to the west. The Exposition included educational exhibits as well as a Midway. The educational exhibits showcased the latest advancements in technology, most notably electricity. A major feature was electric lighting which utilized hydroelectric power generated in nearby Niagara Falls. Many of the Exposition buildings, including the prominent Electric Tower, were covered in light-bulbs creating a beautiful and unprecedented sight. The Pan-American Exposition also hosted some of the top engine manufacturers of the time. These companies provided “working exhibits” that actually functioned in the day-to-day operation of the Exposition. The Midway at the Pan-American Exposition provided visitors with entertainment and consisted of more than 42 exhibits. Some of the main attractions of the Midway included the “House Upside Down,” “Cleopatra’s Temple”, and the “Foreign Villages.” The Pan-American Exposition is most widely known as the location of President McKinley’s assassination. On September 6, 1901, while in a receiving line at the Exposition’s Temple of Music, President McKinley was shot twice by anarchist, Leon Czolgosz. McKinley was taken to the Exposition’s hospital where he was operated on by a number of prominent Buffalo surgeons including Roswell Park. The President was then taken to the home of John Milburn, head of the Exposition’s Board of Directors, to recover. After his condition appeared to improve, McKinley eventually died on September 14, 1901 in the Milburn home due to infection and gangrene from the gun shot wounds. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context LIB-005 Subject The topic of the resource Pan-American Exposition (1901 : Buffalo, N.Y.) Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived State University of New York at Buffalo. University Archives Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available State University of New York at Buffalo. University Libraries Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Document A resource containing textual data. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre text. Original Format If the image is of an object, state the type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data Newspapers -- New York (State) -- Buffalo Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context LIB-005_0409 Is Part Of A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included. LIB-005 Pan-American Exposition of 1901. LIB-005 Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Clippings Title A name given to the resource Czolgosz's death stated Alternative Title An alternative name for the resource. The distinction between titles and alternative titles is application-specific. Czolgosz's death stated Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1901-11-01 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Buffalo Express, November 1, 1901 Description An account of the resource Newspaper clipping of Czolgosz's death that appeared in the Buffalo Express on November 1st. Subject The topic of the resource CzolgoszLeon F.1873-1901 McKinleyWilliam--1843-1901 -- Assassination. Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="https://rightsstatements.org/page/NoC-US/1.0/">NO COPYRIGHT – UNITED STATES</a>. The organization that has made the Item available believes that the Item is in the Public Domain under the laws of the United States, but a determination was not made as to its copyright status under the copyright laws of other countries. The Item may not be in the Public Domain under the laws of other countries. Please refer to the organization that has made the Item available for more information. Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available State University of New York at Buffalo. University Libraries Czolgosz's execution https://digital.lib.buffalo.edu/files/original/a7befe2263157a8d5e0a83340b77de54.pdf 5037d29869a8ebd5ef5de96984bd797e PDF Text Text Czolgosz Was Sane Exhaustive Report on the Case in Medical Journal. Victim Of Anarchy Dr. Carlos MacDonald And Edward A. Spitzka discuss the Assassin’s Temperament. By the Associated Press. New York, Jan. 8.—An exhaustive report of the trial, execution, autopsy and mental status of Czolgosz, the assassin of President McKinley, is given in the New York Medical Journal for January 4th. The report embodies the result of much cartful investigation by Dr. Carlos F. MacDonald and Edward A. Spitzka of this city. The Question which those Investigators set themselves to answer was: "When Czolgosz shot the President, did he know the nature and quality of the act he was doing, and that the act was wrong?" This was from the legal viewpoint. From the Viewpoint of medial science the question that framed itself was. "Was Czolgosz at the time be committed the act a victim of mental disease or mental unsoundness?" The reply tn these question, which at the same time embodies the entire his tory of the case from the trial of the criminal to his execution and the disposal of his body, takes up nearly twelve pages in the journal—and divested of all technicalities, is to the effort that Czolgosz was sane and responsible under the law and punishable for the offense, though everything in his history, according to the medical experts, pointed to the existence in him of the social disease, anarchy, of which he was a victim. His refusal to reply to questions at the trial is regarded as in line with his role, expressed in the theatrical declaration; "I am an anarchist, and have done my duty" Dr. MacDonald explains that "the anarchist creed teaches that when one of their number is selected to do a certain deed, he is to proceed about it quietly and in his own way, taking no one Into his confidence; that, having accomplished the deed, if apprehended, he shall not admit his connection with any other membars of the circle; that, if convicted and sentenced to die, he shall go to his death without revealing his connection with others. Resting secure in the belief that he will be ever regarded by his associates as a martyr and a hero who died in the discharge of a noble duty The course and conduct of Czolgosz from the beginning, down to his death. are entirely in keeping with this creed." Dr. MacDonald says: “The autopsy reveled no evidence whatever of disease or deformity of any of the bodily organs. Including the brain, which was normal in size, shape, weight and appearance and was well developed in all respects—a conclusion which was concurred in by all of the physicians present, several of whom had witnessed the execution. "In deference to the expressed wish of the relatives of Czolgosz and for reasons of a sentimental nature on the part of the State authorities, the prison warden declined positively to allow any portion of the body to be removed from the prison. Consequently and regrettably, it was impossible far the examiners to re tain honorable possession of any portion of the brain for microscopical examina tion and study." Czolgosz told Dr. MacDonnld that so far as he knew there had been no insanity in his family and that be had suffered no serious illness or injury in his lifetime. Dr. MacDonald adds: "Careful Inquiry failed to elicit any evidence of delusion, hallucination or illusion. When question ed as to the existence of enemies, persecution or conspiracies against him, be replied la the negative. He evinced no appearance of morbid mental depression, morbid mental exultation or mental weaknes or loss of mind: nor did he display any indication of morbid suspicion, vanity or conceit, of claim that he was 'Inspired' or had a mission to perform or that he was subject to any uncontrollable impulse. In fact, as regards the existence of evidences of mental disease or defect, the result of the examinations was entirely negative. On the contrary, everything in his history, as shown by his conduct and declaration points to the existence in him of the social disease, anarchy, of which he was a victim." Dr. MacDonald ends his report with the declaration that Czolgosz, when he assassinated President McKinley, was in all respects a sane man—both legally and medical y — and fully responsible for his act. Mr Spitzka, who made the autopsy, ends his report as follows: "Taking all in all, the verdict must be, 'Socially diseased and perverted, but not mentally diseased.' The most horrible vio lations of human law cannot always be condoned by the plea or insanity. The wild beast slumbers in us all. It it not always necessary to invoke insanity to explain its awakening.” � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Pan-American Exposition of 1901 Description An account of the resource The Pan-American Exposition was held in Buffalo, New York from May 1 to November 2, 1901. Buffalo was chosen as the location because of its size (at the time it was the eighth largest city in the U.S. with a population of approximately 350,000) and also because of its well suited railway connections. The grounds spread across 342 acres and were located between Delaware Park Lake to the south, the New York Central railroad track to the north, Delaware Avenue to the east, and Elmwood Avenue to the west. The Exposition included educational exhibits as well as a Midway. The educational exhibits showcased the latest advancements in technology, most notably electricity. A major feature was electric lighting which utilized hydroelectric power generated in nearby Niagara Falls. Many of the Exposition buildings, including the prominent Electric Tower, were covered in light-bulbs creating a beautiful and unprecedented sight. The Pan-American Exposition also hosted some of the top engine manufacturers of the time. These companies provided “working exhibits” that actually functioned in the day-to-day operation of the Exposition. The Midway at the Pan-American Exposition provided visitors with entertainment and consisted of more than 42 exhibits. Some of the main attractions of the Midway included the “House Upside Down,” “Cleopatra’s Temple”, and the “Foreign Villages.” The Pan-American Exposition is most widely known as the location of President McKinley’s assassination. On September 6, 1901, while in a receiving line at the Exposition’s Temple of Music, President McKinley was shot twice by anarchist, Leon Czolgosz. McKinley was taken to the Exposition’s hospital where he was operated on by a number of prominent Buffalo surgeons including Roswell Park. The President was then taken to the home of John Milburn, head of the Exposition’s Board of Directors, to recover. After his condition appeared to improve, McKinley eventually died on September 14, 1901 in the Milburn home due to infection and gangrene from the gun shot wounds. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context LIB-005 Subject The topic of the resource Pan-American Exposition (1901 : Buffalo, N.Y.) Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived State University of New York at Buffalo. University Archives Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available State University of New York at Buffalo. University Libraries Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Document A resource containing textual data. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre text. Original Format If the image is of an object, state the type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data Newspapers -- New York (State) -- Buffalo Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context LIB-005_0408 Is Part Of A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included. LIB-005 Pan-American Exposition of 1901. LIB-005 Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Title A name given to the resource Czolgosz was sane Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1902-01-04 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Buffalo Express, January 4, 1902 Description An account of the resource Newspaper article about the autopsy of Leon F. Czolgosz which stated that he was physically and mentally fit at the time of his execution for the assassination of President William McKinley in 1901 Subject The topic of the resource Assassins--New York (State)--Buffalo CzolgoszLeon F.1873-1901 McKinleyWilliam1843-1901--Assassination Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="https://rightsstatements.org/page/NoC-US/1.0/">NO COPYRIGHT – UNITED STATES</a>. The organization that has made the Item available believes that the Item is in the Public Domain under the laws of the United States, but a determination was not made as to its copyright status under the copyright laws of other countries. The Item may not be in the Public Domain under the laws of other countries. Please refer to the organization that has made the Item available for more information. Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available State University of New York at Buffalo. University Libraries Czolgosz https://digital.lib.buffalo.edu/files/original/8281294682c59f80ad13aeadeed34513.pdf 1dd6d27f9acf45d36964141776387dda PDF Text Text Czolgosz Report It Has Been Filed by the Physi Who cians Investigated His Mental Condition. Found To Be Sane. The Doctors Declare that Czolgosz Was a Product Of Anarchy, Sane and Responsible. The official report of Drs. Floyd S. Crego, Joseph Fowler and J. W. Putnam on the examination conducted by them to ascertain the mental condition of Leon F. Czolgosz, the assassin of President McKinley, was filed in the office of the district attorney this morning. The important features of the report are as follows: “Complying with your request to examine into the mental condition of Leon F. Czolgosz and report to yon the result of our findings, we respectively submit the following: "In conducting the examination of the prisoner, we eliminated all bias and personal revenges, which so revolting a crime might suggest, to reach a just conclusion as to his mental state. "The curly opportunity Afforded us to examine Czolgosz, each examination beginning but in few hours after the com mission of the crime, while he was still uninformed of the fate of his victim, and bad time to meditate upon the enormity of his crime, aided us materially in our work." The report then goes on to give a physical description of Czolgosz. The report then continues: "At our first interview held Sept. 7th., he made the following statement: I don't believe in the republican form of government and I don’t believe we should have any rulers. It is right to kill them, I had that idea when I shot the President, and that is why I was there, I planned killing the President three or four days ago after I came to Buffalo, Something I read in the Free Society suggested the idea. I thought it would he a good thing for the country to kill the President. When I got to the grounds, I waited for the President to go into the temple. I did not see him go in, but someone told me he had gone In. My gun was in my right pocket with a handkerchief over it. I put my hand in my pocket after I got in the door; took out my gun and wrapped the handkerchief over my hand, I carried it that way in the row until I got to the President. No one saw me do it. I did not shake hands with him. When I shot him 1 fully Intended to kill him. I shot twice. "I do no! know if I would have shot again. I did not want to shoot him at the Falls; it was my plan from the begin ing to shoot him at the temple, I read in the paper that be would have a public reception. I know other men who believe what I do, that It would be a good thing to kill the President and have no rulers. I have beard that at the meetings in public halls. I heard quire a lot of people talk like that. Emma Goldman was the last one I heard. She said she did not believe in government nor in rulers. She said a good deal more, I can't remember nil she said. My family does not believe as I do. After I shot twice, they knocked me down and tram pled on me. Somebody hit me in the face. “I fully understood what I was doing when I shot the President. I realized that I was sacrificed my life. I am willing to take the consequence. I have always boon a good worker. I worked In a wire mill, mid could always do as much work as the next man. I saved three or four hundred dollars in five or six years. I know what will happen to me—if the President dies I will be hung. "I want to any to be published- I killed President McKinley because I done my duty. I don’t believe in one man having so much service mid another man should bare none." "on the second day's examination we covered about the same ground as on the previous day in order to test his memory and to compare his statements. We found his memory perfect and his statements almost Identical. On this examination we gained some further Informa tion, that for months he had been an ardent student of the false doctrines of anarchy; that he had attended many circles where these subjects were discus ed. He related how friend of his had broken away from the circle because he had changed his views and did not agree with him and the others in their radical ideas of government. He bad heard Emma Goldman lecture, and bad also heard lectures on free love by an exponent of that doctrine. He had left the church five years ago because, as he said, he didn't like their style. He had attended a meeting of anarchists about six weeks ago, and also in July— had met a man in Chicago about ten days ago who was an anarchist, and had talked with him* The Friday before the commission of this crime, he had spent In Cleveland, leaving Buffalo, where he bad been for two or three weeks, and going to Cleveland—said he bad no particular business in Cleveland, just went there to look around and buy a paper. "The circle he belonged to had no name They called themselves anarchists. At every inerting they elected a chairman and usually it was one man (mentions name). “He was a sort of spokesman for the crowd. This friend of mine who left the circle, I don't think much of. I don't like a man who changes around like be did. I like a man to have a fixed purpose and one who sticks to his belief. At this circle we discussed president, and that they were no good, but didn’t say that they must be killed; just said they were no good." "Daring the examination the prisoner was very indignant because his clothing was soiled at the time of his arrest, and be had not had an opportunity to cure for his clothing and person as he wished. He refused to demonstrate again how he covered his weapon with a handkerchief because his was soiled and bloody. When given a clean one he allowed at once the method of concealing the weapon, and how he held it. His desire to keep himself tidy demonstrated that he was not careless in dress and appearance, as are most insane persons. He requested �clean clothing, and as he had a small amount of money, a shirt and two han kerchiefs were purchases for him with it. When they were brought in the change was shown him. He instantly turned to the officer and said ‘How is that? Don't I get more change?' The cost of the articles was told him, and he said: ‘Oh, that's all right then." Said he wouId have slept Well last night but far the noise of people walking about. He heard several drunken people brought into the station at night. Sold he felt no remorse for the crime which he had committed. Said he supposed he would be punished, but every man has a chance on a trial: that perhaps he wouldn't he punished so badly after all. His pulse on this occasion was 72—temperature" normal mill—not nervous nor excited. "On September 9th, we observed a marked change in his readiness to answer questions. Many of the questions naked he refused to answer. He denied Haying that he had killed the President or that be meant to kill him. Seemed more on his guard, and refused to admit that he shot the President. He persist ed in this course until nearly the close Of the interview, and until we told him that it was too late for him to deny statements that he had made to us. He then said; "I am glad I did it." "At all subsequent Interviews he declines to discuss the crime in any of its details with us, but would talk about his general condition, his meals, his sleep and how much he walked in the corridor of the jail, or upon any other subject not rotating to the crime, From the daily reports filed with us we note that be talked freely with his guards that his appetite was always good; that he enjoyed his walks which he took in the corridor of the jail. He told his guards that he would not talk with his lawyers because he did not believe in them, and did not want them. "In conclusion," the report says, "as a result of the frequent examinations of Czolgosz, of theo reports of his watchers during his confinement in the jail, of his behavior in court during the trial, and at the time he received his sentence, we conclude that he was sane at the time he planned the murder, when he shot the President, and when he was on trial. We come to this conclusion from the his tory of his life as it came from him. He had been sober, industrious, and lawa biding; till he was twenty-one years of age, he was as others of his class, a be liever in the government of this country and of the religion of his fathers. After he cast bis first vote he made the acquaintance of anarchistic lenders who invited him to their meetings. He was a good listener, and in a short time he adopted their theories. He was consist ent in his adherence to anarchy. He did not believe in government, therefore he refused to vote. He did not believe in marriage, because he did not believe in law. He killed the President because be was a rules, and Czolgosz believed as he was taught that all rulers were tyrants; that to kill a ruler would benefit the people. He refused a lawyer because he did Tint believe in law, lawyers or courts. "We come to the conclusion that in the holding of these views Czolgosz was sane, because these opinions were formed grad ually under the influence of anarchistic leaders and propagandists. In Czolgosz they found a willing and Intelligent tool; one who had the courage of his convictions regardless of personal consequences. We believe that his statement. "I killed the President because I done my duty.," was not the expression of an insane delusion for several reasons. The most careful questioning failed to dis cover any hallucination of sight or hear ing. He had received no special command; he did not believe he bad been especially chosen to do the deed. He al ways spoke as his motive for the crime as duty, he always referred to the anarchists belief that the killing of rulers was a duty. He never claimed the idea of killing the President was original with him, but the method of accomplishing his purpose was his, and that he did it alone. He is not a case of Paranoia, because be has not systematised delusions reverting to self, and because he is in exceptionally good condition, and has an unbroken record of god health. His capacity for labor has always been good, and equal to that of his fellows. These facts all tend to prove that the man has nn unimpaired mind. He has false beleifs, the result of false teaching and not the result of disease. He is not to be classed as a degerat ive, because we do not find the stigmata of degeneration: his skull is symmetrical; his ears do not protrude, nor are they of abnormal step, and his palate not highly arched. Psychically he has not a history of cruelty, or of perverted tastes and habits. He is the product of anarchy, sane and responsible.” � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Pan-American Exposition of 1901 Description An account of the resource The Pan-American Exposition was held in Buffalo, New York from May 1 to November 2, 1901. Buffalo was chosen as the location because of its size (at the time it was the eighth largest city in the U.S. with a population of approximately 350,000) and also because of its well suited railway connections. The grounds spread across 342 acres and were located between Delaware Park Lake to the south, the New York Central railroad track to the north, Delaware Avenue to the east, and Elmwood Avenue to the west. The Exposition included educational exhibits as well as a Midway. The educational exhibits showcased the latest advancements in technology, most notably electricity. A major feature was electric lighting which utilized hydroelectric power generated in nearby Niagara Falls. Many of the Exposition buildings, including the prominent Electric Tower, were covered in light-bulbs creating a beautiful and unprecedented sight. The Pan-American Exposition also hosted some of the top engine manufacturers of the time. These companies provided “working exhibits” that actually functioned in the day-to-day operation of the Exposition. The Midway at the Pan-American Exposition provided visitors with entertainment and consisted of more than 42 exhibits. Some of the main attractions of the Midway included the “House Upside Down,” “Cleopatra’s Temple”, and the “Foreign Villages.” The Pan-American Exposition is most widely known as the location of President McKinley’s assassination. On September 6, 1901, while in a receiving line at the Exposition’s Temple of Music, President McKinley was shot twice by anarchist, Leon Czolgosz. McKinley was taken to the Exposition’s hospital where he was operated on by a number of prominent Buffalo surgeons including Roswell Park. The President was then taken to the home of John Milburn, head of the Exposition’s Board of Directors, to recover. After his condition appeared to improve, McKinley eventually died on September 14, 1901 in the Milburn home due to infection and gangrene from the gun shot wounds. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context LIB-005 Subject The topic of the resource Pan-American Exposition (1901 : Buffalo, N.Y.) Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived State University of New York at Buffalo. University Archives Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available State University of New York at Buffalo. University Libraries Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Document A resource containing textual data. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre text. Original Format If the image is of an object, state the type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data Newspapers -- New York (State) -- Buffalo Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context LIB-005_0407 Is Part Of A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included. LIB-005 Pan-American Exposition of 1901. LIB-005 Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Title A name given to the resource Czolgosz report Alternative Title An alternative name for the resource. The distinction between titles and alternative titles is application-specific. Leon F. Czolgosz report Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1901-11-02 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Buffalo Commercial, November 2, 1901 Description An account of the resource Newspaper article which states that an examination of Czolgosz soon after he committed the crime showed that he shot President McKinley becuase of anarchy reasons and not because of any mental or physical disease Subject The topic of the resource Assassins--New York (State)--Buffalo CzolgoszLeon F.1873-1901 McKinleyWilliam1843-1901--Assassination Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="https://rightsstatements.org/page/NoC-US/1.0/">NO COPYRIGHT – UNITED STATES</a>. The organization that has made the Item available believes that the Item is in the Public Domain under the laws of the United States, but a determination was not made as to its copyright status under the copyright laws of other countries. The Item may not be in the Public Domain under the laws of other countries. Please refer to the organization that has made the Item available for more information. Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available State University of New York at Buffalo. University Libraries Czolgosz https://digital.lib.buffalo.edu/files/original/78bee8086c05745249f999d9a031045f.pdf 3c5ac8112f19bf15bf2192a77edd77d6 PDF Text Text Gzolgosz Examined. Dr. MacDonald, the Alien has anist,Hour with the Assassin. Talk About Defense Prisoner spoke with his Counsel a little more freely than hitherto Regards All As Enemies Mr. Titus indicates that Dr. Mac Donald found Czolgosz sane —The Assassin shaved. Czolgosz was taken from the Jail to the District Attorney’s often at 3.25 o'clock yesterday afternoon. For an hour he un derwent an examination as to his mental condition. His examiner was Dr. Carlos F. MacDonald of New Tork, a well-known insanity expert, who for years was chair man of the State Commission in Lunacy. "Others of the Buffalo surgeon also have repeatedly denied any responsibility for statements attributed to them in the papers. Drs. Mann and Park, we are authoritatively informed, have stated that at no time were they free from anxiety, and it is probable that the same: can he said of the others, with possibly one exception. "The surgeons should be held responsible for the official bulletins which they signed and for these only. These show no utterance of absolute confidence in recovery. Rather, the continued high pilse was indicative to members of the ,profession that all was not as it should. We, therefore. see no reason for criticism on this point. When the facts are made known it will probably be found that some symptoms ware present that were not what might have been dealrod. but would haven been just as unwise to have given publicity to this indication of possible danger as to gift the optimistic opions that were unjustly credited to some of the surgeons. The editorial opinion expressed in the last issue of the Journal regarding the official and other statements of the attending surgeons is still held as the only one justified by the facts. "When the full official report or the autopsy is published comments may be made regarding the gangrenous condition round in the track of the bullet, it would be merely theorizing to discuss the subject before the bacteriological and the histological examintion has been made and the findings published." Dr. MacDonald was brought here from New York by the call of President Adel bert Moot acting far the Erie County Bar Association, which has pledged itself to assist the men whom Judge Emery ap pointed, at the association's suggestion. as counsel for the murderer Mr Lewis and Mr. Titus arranged for the examina tion. After the examination was over, Dr. MacDonald said he was act at liberty to say anything as to its result. But the supposition is that he found the prisoner to be sane, for when Mr. Titus Was asked if Dr. MacDonald would be called as a witness, he replied, rather pointedly, it seamed: "We are not calling adverse witnesses." The examination of the prisoner was very quietly arranged for. Attorneys Lewis and Titus arrived at Dist.-Atty. Penney's office shortly after 3 o'clock Mr. Penney was absent. The lawyers sat in Mr Penney's private [illegible] with the door closed. Asst.-Supt. Cusack of the Police Department, who had arrived before the attorneys, was sent to get Czolgosz. He wont directly to the Jail. Czolgosz was in his cell in Murderers' Row on the third floor of the Jail. He was lying on a cot, with his shoes and float and vest and col lar off. "Come on, Czolgosz, get up, and we'll go for a little visit across the street." said Mr. Cusack. "All right," said Czolgosz, readily, and he leisurely assumed a sitting position on the edge and began to pull on his shoes. "Don't you want to put them on out here?" asked the officer. "No, this will do," said the prisoner. Czolgosz's ready speech on commonplace matters while in the jail is in marked contrast to the stubborn silence, the almost stupid demeanor he displayed both times he was arraigned before Judge Emery. He came over from the jail through the tunnel, handcuffed to Cusack and accom panied by Jailer George N. Mitchell and Patrolman William Hoffman of the First Product, one of the men who has been on guard at his call. The prisoner did not look so untidy an heretofore. He has been shaved, An other noticeable thing was that he carried his bead in its natural position, instead of inclining it downward, as he did each time he was taken to City Hall before. Perhaps this was due to the that hall was practically deserted. Saturday afternoon are a half-holiday at City Hall. He did not have to moot the menacing gaze of a crowd, nor hear a chorus of hisses such as was directed at him as be passed through the building last Tuesday. Nor did his eyes shift from side to side, as if fearing danger to spring suddenly upon him. He was led through the District Attor ney’s outer office into the small inner office, where his counsel awaited him. They wished to be alone with him, so Asst. Supt. Cusack, after undoing the hand cuff, retired into the outer office, taking a position near to the closed door to be ready for any such emergency as an at tempt by the prisoner to escape. Jailer Mitchell also posted himself at this door, while Patrolman Hoffman guarded a door that leads from the private office into the corridor. For fifteen minutes the two lawyers who are to defend Clzolgosz remained closeted with him. Then Dr. MacDonald arrived. He was shown into the Inner office. The District Attorney came a few minutes later. He did not go inside un til a request came from the counsel. He remained within but a few minutes, then he and Mr Lewis and Mr. Titus came out. leaving the New York expert to conduct his examination unhampered by the presence of others. For just in hour the doctor remained in the office. During that period Mr Lewis once again entered the inner office and remained about five minutes, then Mr. Titus went in and remained about the same length of time. Then �ed about the same length of time. Then Detectives Geary and Solomon were call ed in to take the prisoner back to the jail. Solomon was handcuffed to him and Geary held him by the wrist. Patrolman James Mahoney, another of the police guardsmen of the cell, walked ahead and Cusack and the jailer brought up the rear. They led him down the hack stairs to the basement and thence through the tunnel under Delaware Avenue back to the Jail. Attorney Lewis went away fifteen min utes before the prisoner was removed. As he was going an Express reporter asked him: "Did the prisoner talk?" "A little more freely than hitherto, but he is not a very voluble chap," said Mr. Lewis. "Did he fell you anything that might serve to help you in framing a defense for him?" Mr. Lewis laughed, and said: "Well, hardly." "Will you make any statement as to Dr. MacDonald's report?" "Judge Titus has charge of that mat ter," said Mr. Lewis. The same questions were put to Mr. Titus. "Yes, he talked quite freely to Mr. Penney and the doctor," he said, "Wouldn't he talk to you and Judge Lewis?" "Yea, but he was not very communi cative. He seems to regard everyone about him as an enemy." As to whether Czolgoez had said any thing that would help to form a basis for a defense Mr. Titus said; "I wouldn't care to say as to that." Then this question was put: "If the prisoner should absolutely refuses to talk to his counsel and maintain that silence right up to the time of the trial and throughout the trial, is there any possible way to defend him, other than by cross examining the prosecution's witnesses end trying to break the force of their evidence?" Mr. Titus thought tor a moment, then said: "Well, tie has relatives and friends." Though the remark might be construct, as an intimation that possibly those relatives and friends could or would contributes information that would be useful to the defense, Mr. Titus offered no in terpretation of it. "Is Czolgosz's father in Buffalo now." "No, he is a poor man and cannot ford af to travel." "Did you learn anything about th Prisoner's relatives or friends from him? "No, but we know all about them." The foregoing interview was had will Mr. Titus while he stood in the outer of office awaiting the conclusion of Dr. MacDonald's session with the prisoner. Shortly before 5 o'clock the expert came out of the office and was joined by Mr. Titus. Dr. MacDonald was plied with questions by newspaper-men as whether in his opinion, Czolgosz is sane or insane. "I have nothing to say until the prope time comes," he said, "Are you to be a witness at the trial?" "I am not here as a witness. I am here to make an examination." he said. "Will you make a report to Czolgosz's attorneys?” Mr. Titus, replied for him. "There will be a further examination of the prisoner," he said. "When?" "We have licit de decided." "Will you call the doctor as a witness?" "We are not calling adverse witnesseth" was the reply. Dist,-Alty, Penney, when asked if the counsel for the defense bad intimated to him that they would be ready to proceed with the trial on Monday, he replied: "They have given no insinuation to the contrary. That's the most I can say." Dr. MacDonald. Expert on the Czolcosz case Considered to be best in the country. Dr. Carlos F. MacDonald is professor of mental diseases and medical jurisprudence In the University-Bellevue Medical Col lege of the city of New York, He stands at the head of his profession in that spe cialty and is universally regarded to be the Leading alienist in the United States. He has been, since 1896, in the active practice of his profession in New York and 13 counsulted in all leading cams. He was for some years professor of mental diseases in the Albany Medical College. Ho has, for over 30 years, been connected as superintendant nr otherwise with hospitals for the insane, both public and pri vate. Upon the organization of the State Com mission in Lunacy, in 1889, he was made its president, and held the position until 1896, when he resigned, to resume active practice. During this period he saw and personally examined thousands of patients His official career began as superinte dant of the Flatbush Asylum now known as the Long Island State Hospital —In the city of Brooklyn, having resign ed in 1875. Subsequently, he became su perintendent of the State Hospital for Insane Criminals, and so continued for a period of thirteen years, during which time he examined and detected many cases of feigned Insanity, and where ho had an exceptionally large experience with the criminal Insane. Dr. MacDonald was fur a short period superintendent of the Binghamton State Hospital, from which he resigned to rosume the superintendency of the State Asylum, for Insane Criminals. He has had, perhaps, a larger experience in the diagnosis of insanity, as an expert witness in mental cases and as a special commissioner under appointment by the governors of the State and the courts, to determine mental conditions, than any physician in this country. He has made frequent contributions to medical literature on the subject of insanity and allied subjects, es pecially on the subject of feigned insan ity, feigned epilepsy, etc. Dr. MacDonald is well known to the profession in this city, where he has upprated several times as an export witnes 10 Calibrated cases. There is prob ably no physician in the State who enjoys a larger and wider acquaintance in his profession than he, nor one who is more universally respected. He in described as an export in the highest sense of the word —a man Of high sense of professional honor, and well know to the bench and bar of the State by reason of his long and distinguished offical and professional ca reer. A man who knows him says: "He is the kind of man who values his reputaion and he will not say an insane man is sane, but neither will he say a sane man is insane, as many who have been caught shamming insanity can testify." � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Pan-American Exposition of 1901 Description An account of the resource The Pan-American Exposition was held in Buffalo, New York from May 1 to November 2, 1901. Buffalo was chosen as the location because of its size (at the time it was the eighth largest city in the U.S. with a population of approximately 350,000) and also because of its well suited railway connections. The grounds spread across 342 acres and were located between Delaware Park Lake to the south, the New York Central railroad track to the north, Delaware Avenue to the east, and Elmwood Avenue to the west. The Exposition included educational exhibits as well as a Midway. The educational exhibits showcased the latest advancements in technology, most notably electricity. A major feature was electric lighting which utilized hydroelectric power generated in nearby Niagara Falls. Many of the Exposition buildings, including the prominent Electric Tower, were covered in light-bulbs creating a beautiful and unprecedented sight. The Pan-American Exposition also hosted some of the top engine manufacturers of the time. These companies provided “working exhibits” that actually functioned in the day-to-day operation of the Exposition. The Midway at the Pan-American Exposition provided visitors with entertainment and consisted of more than 42 exhibits. Some of the main attractions of the Midway included the “House Upside Down,” “Cleopatra’s Temple”, and the “Foreign Villages.” The Pan-American Exposition is most widely known as the location of President McKinley’s assassination. On September 6, 1901, while in a receiving line at the Exposition’s Temple of Music, President McKinley was shot twice by anarchist, Leon Czolgosz. McKinley was taken to the Exposition’s hospital where he was operated on by a number of prominent Buffalo surgeons including Roswell Park. The President was then taken to the home of John Milburn, head of the Exposition’s Board of Directors, to recover. After his condition appeared to improve, McKinley eventually died on September 14, 1901 in the Milburn home due to infection and gangrene from the gun shot wounds. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context LIB-005 Subject The topic of the resource Pan-American Exposition (1901 : Buffalo, N.Y.) Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived State University of New York at Buffalo. University Archives Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available State University of New York at Buffalo. University Libraries Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Document A resource containing textual data. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre text. Original Format If the image is of an object, state the type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data Newspapers -- New York (State) -- Buffalo Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context LIB-005_0406 Is Part Of A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included. LIB-005 Pan-American Exposition of 1901. LIB-005 Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Title A name given to the resource Czolgosz examined Alternative Title An alternative name for the resource. The distinction between titles and alternative titles is application-specific. Leon F. Czolgosz examined Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1901-09-22 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Buffalo Express, September 22, 1901 Description An account of the resource Newspaper article about Leon F. Czolgosz's mental examination for his trial for the assassination of President William McKinley at the Pan-American Exposition, Buffalo, New York in 1901 Subject The topic of the resource Assassins--New York (State)--Buffalo CzolgoszLeon F.1873-1901 McKinleyWilliam1843-1901--Assassination Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="https://rightsstatements.org/page/NoC-US/1.0/">NO COPYRIGHT – UNITED STATES</a>. The organization that has made the Item available believes that the Item is in the Public Domain under the laws of the United States, but a determination was not made as to its copyright status under the copyright laws of other countries. The Item may not be in the Public Domain under the laws of other countries. Please refer to the organization that has made the Item available for more information. Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available State University of New York at Buffalo. University Libraries Czolgosz https://digital.lib.buffalo.edu/files/original/3b40a97e479fd3f8aa5f6b0b4c9eaa7d.jpg 3f6afd113bceb6f3029d069de37bae34 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Description An account of the resource Portrait of a person in a suit with vest and bow tie. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Pan-American Exposition of 1901 Description An account of the resource The Pan-American Exposition was held in Buffalo, New York from May 1 to November 2, 1901. Buffalo was chosen as the location because of its size (at the time it was the eighth largest city in the U.S. with a population of approximately 350,000) and also because of its well suited railway connections. The grounds spread across 342 acres and were located between Delaware Park Lake to the south, the New York Central railroad track to the north, Delaware Avenue to the east, and Elmwood Avenue to the west. The Exposition included educational exhibits as well as a Midway. The educational exhibits showcased the latest advancements in technology, most notably electricity. A major feature was electric lighting which utilized hydroelectric power generated in nearby Niagara Falls. Many of the Exposition buildings, including the prominent Electric Tower, were covered in light-bulbs creating a beautiful and unprecedented sight. The Pan-American Exposition also hosted some of the top engine manufacturers of the time. These companies provided “working exhibits” that actually functioned in the day-to-day operation of the Exposition. The Midway at the Pan-American Exposition provided visitors with entertainment and consisted of more than 42 exhibits. Some of the main attractions of the Midway included the “House Upside Down,” “Cleopatra’s Temple”, and the “Foreign Villages.” The Pan-American Exposition is most widely known as the location of President McKinley’s assassination. On September 6, 1901, while in a receiving line at the Exposition’s Temple of Music, President McKinley was shot twice by anarchist, Leon Czolgosz. McKinley was taken to the Exposition’s hospital where he was operated on by a number of prominent Buffalo surgeons including Roswell Park. The President was then taken to the home of John Milburn, head of the Exposition’s Board of Directors, to recover. After his condition appeared to improve, McKinley eventually died on September 14, 1901 in the Milburn home due to infection and gangrene from the gun shot wounds. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context LIB-005 Subject The topic of the resource Pan-American Exposition (1901 : Buffalo, N.Y.) Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived State University of New York at Buffalo. University Archives Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available State University of New York at Buffalo. University Libraries Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Still Image A static visual representation. Examples of still images are: paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type "text" to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context LIB-005_0405 Is Part Of A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included. LIB-005 Pan-American Exposition of 1901. LIB-005 Title A name given to the resource Portrait of Leon Czolgosz Alternative Title An alternative name for the resource. The distinction between titles and alternative titles is application-specific. Photographic portrait of Leon F. Czolgosz Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1901-09-21 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Harper's Weekly. September 21, 1901 Description An account of the resource Photographic portrait of Leon F. Czolgosz who assassinated President William McKinley at the Pan-American Exposition at Buffalo, New York in 1901 A black-and-white portrait depicts Leon Czolgosz wearing a suit with a vest, high-collared shirt, and bow tie. The background is softly shaded. Medium The material or physical carrier of the resource. Portrait photographs Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Subject The topic of the resource Assassins--New York (State)--Buffalo CzolgoszLeon F.1873-1901 McKinleyWilliam1843-1901--Assassination Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="https://rightsstatements.org/page/NoC-US/1.0/">NO COPYRIGHT – UNITED STATES</a>. The organization that has made the Item available believes that the Item is in the Public Domain under the laws of the United States, but a determination was not made as to its copyright status under the copyright laws of other countries. The Item may not be in the Public Domain under the laws of other countries. Please refer to the organization that has made the Item available for more information. Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available State University of New York at Buffalo. University Libraries Czolgosz https://digital.lib.buffalo.edu/files/original/d30a85ede275124d5ef82c0522903ea2.jpg 40681776fd534d38e29cfa7e5214ab32 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Description An account of the resource Military parade with soldiers marching and horse-drawn carriages, watched by a crowd. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Pan-American Exposition of 1901 Description An account of the resource The Pan-American Exposition was held in Buffalo, New York from May 1 to November 2, 1901. Buffalo was chosen as the location because of its size (at the time it was the eighth largest city in the U.S. with a population of approximately 350,000) and also because of its well suited railway connections. The grounds spread across 342 acres and were located between Delaware Park Lake to the south, the New York Central railroad track to the north, Delaware Avenue to the east, and Elmwood Avenue to the west. The Exposition included educational exhibits as well as a Midway. The educational exhibits showcased the latest advancements in technology, most notably electricity. A major feature was electric lighting which utilized hydroelectric power generated in nearby Niagara Falls. Many of the Exposition buildings, including the prominent Electric Tower, were covered in light-bulbs creating a beautiful and unprecedented sight. The Pan-American Exposition also hosted some of the top engine manufacturers of the time. These companies provided “working exhibits” that actually functioned in the day-to-day operation of the Exposition. The Midway at the Pan-American Exposition provided visitors with entertainment and consisted of more than 42 exhibits. Some of the main attractions of the Midway included the “House Upside Down,” “Cleopatra’s Temple”, and the “Foreign Villages.” The Pan-American Exposition is most widely known as the location of President McKinley’s assassination. On September 6, 1901, while in a receiving line at the Exposition’s Temple of Music, President McKinley was shot twice by anarchist, Leon Czolgosz. McKinley was taken to the Exposition’s hospital where he was operated on by a number of prominent Buffalo surgeons including Roswell Park. The President was then taken to the home of John Milburn, head of the Exposition’s Board of Directors, to recover. After his condition appeared to improve, McKinley eventually died on September 14, 1901 in the Milburn home due to infection and gangrene from the gun shot wounds. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context LIB-005 Subject The topic of the resource Pan-American Exposition (1901 : Buffalo, N.Y.) Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived State University of New York at Buffalo. University Archives Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available State University of New York at Buffalo. University Libraries Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Still Image A static visual representation. Examples of still images are: paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type "text" to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context LIB-005_0404 Is Part Of A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included. LIB-005 Pan-American Exposition of 1901. LIB-005 Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Photographic prints Title A name given to the resource Troops at the train station as McKinley's funeral train prepares to leave Buffalo Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1901-09-16 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Harper's Weekly, vol.45, no.2335 (September 21, 1901), p. 967. Subject The topic of the resource McKinleyWilliam1843-1901 McKinleyWilliam-- 1843-1901 --Death & burial. Description An account of the resource A street scene shows a military parade with soldiers marching in formation carrying rifles. Horse-drawn carriages follow behind, while a large crowd watches from the sidewalks. Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="https://rightsstatements.org/page/NoC-US/1.0/">NO COPYRIGHT – UNITED STATES</a>. The organization that has made the Item available believes that the Item is in the Public Domain under the laws of the United States, but a determination was not made as to its copyright status under the copyright laws of other countries. The Item may not be in the Public Domain under the laws of other countries. Please refer to the organization that has made the Item available for more information. Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available State University of New York at Buffalo. University Libraries Buffalo, New York funeral train train station William McKinley https://digital.lib.buffalo.edu/files/original/6080977f4de980d5f655420438aae939.jpg dc4d5c478dc8cd78a5696784dece0d95 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Description An account of the resource Steam locomotive on tracks with smoke rising, crowd watching from bridge above. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Pan-American Exposition of 1901 Description An account of the resource The Pan-American Exposition was held in Buffalo, New York from May 1 to November 2, 1901. Buffalo was chosen as the location because of its size (at the time it was the eighth largest city in the U.S. with a population of approximately 350,000) and also because of its well suited railway connections. The grounds spread across 342 acres and were located between Delaware Park Lake to the south, the New York Central railroad track to the north, Delaware Avenue to the east, and Elmwood Avenue to the west. The Exposition included educational exhibits as well as a Midway. The educational exhibits showcased the latest advancements in technology, most notably electricity. A major feature was electric lighting which utilized hydroelectric power generated in nearby Niagara Falls. Many of the Exposition buildings, including the prominent Electric Tower, were covered in light-bulbs creating a beautiful and unprecedented sight. The Pan-American Exposition also hosted some of the top engine manufacturers of the time. These companies provided “working exhibits” that actually functioned in the day-to-day operation of the Exposition. The Midway at the Pan-American Exposition provided visitors with entertainment and consisted of more than 42 exhibits. Some of the main attractions of the Midway included the “House Upside Down,” “Cleopatra’s Temple”, and the “Foreign Villages.” The Pan-American Exposition is most widely known as the location of President McKinley’s assassination. On September 6, 1901, while in a receiving line at the Exposition’s Temple of Music, President McKinley was shot twice by anarchist, Leon Czolgosz. McKinley was taken to the Exposition’s hospital where he was operated on by a number of prominent Buffalo surgeons including Roswell Park. The President was then taken to the home of John Milburn, head of the Exposition’s Board of Directors, to recover. After his condition appeared to improve, McKinley eventually died on September 14, 1901 in the Milburn home due to infection and gangrene from the gun shot wounds. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context LIB-005 Subject The topic of the resource Pan-American Exposition (1901 : Buffalo, N.Y.) Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived State University of New York at Buffalo. University Archives Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available State University of New York at Buffalo. University Libraries Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Still Image A static visual representation. Examples of still images are: paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type "text" to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context LIB-005_0403 Is Part Of A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included. LIB-005 Pan-American Exposition of 1901. LIB-005 Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Identification photographs Title A name given to the resource President's funeral train leaves Buffalo for Washington, D.C. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1901-09-16 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Undetermined. Description An account of the resource A crowd stands on the bridge trestle watching the departure of the funeral train. A steam locomotive is shown on the tracks with smoke billowing from its stack. A crowd of people stands on a bridge overhead, watching the train pass beneath. Subject The topic of the resource McKinleyWilliam1843-1901 McKinleyWilliam-- 1843-1901 --Death & burial. Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="https://rightsstatements.org/page/NoC-US/1.0/">NO COPYRIGHT – UNITED STATES</a>. The organization that has made the Item available believes that the Item is in the Public Domain under the laws of the United States, but a determination was not made as to its copyright status under the copyright laws of other countries. The Item may not be in the Public Domain under the laws of other countries. Please refer to the organization that has made the Item available for more information. Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available State University of New York at Buffalo. University Libraries train, Buffalo Washington D.C. William McKinley https://digital.lib.buffalo.edu/files/original/9ed3db77fbc854341ff986d6b05c4630.jpg 94827e8a7c8366a60e71a3ede63ad7db Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Description An account of the resource People seated on a flag-draped stage with a speaker at a podium. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Pan-American Exposition of 1901 Description An account of the resource The Pan-American Exposition was held in Buffalo, New York from May 1 to November 2, 1901. Buffalo was chosen as the location because of its size (at the time it was the eighth largest city in the U.S. with a population of approximately 350,000) and also because of its well suited railway connections. The grounds spread across 342 acres and were located between Delaware Park Lake to the south, the New York Central railroad track to the north, Delaware Avenue to the east, and Elmwood Avenue to the west. The Exposition included educational exhibits as well as a Midway. The educational exhibits showcased the latest advancements in technology, most notably electricity. A major feature was electric lighting which utilized hydroelectric power generated in nearby Niagara Falls. Many of the Exposition buildings, including the prominent Electric Tower, were covered in light-bulbs creating a beautiful and unprecedented sight. The Pan-American Exposition also hosted some of the top engine manufacturers of the time. These companies provided “working exhibits” that actually functioned in the day-to-day operation of the Exposition. The Midway at the Pan-American Exposition provided visitors with entertainment and consisted of more than 42 exhibits. Some of the main attractions of the Midway included the “House Upside Down,” “Cleopatra’s Temple”, and the “Foreign Villages.” The Pan-American Exposition is most widely known as the location of President McKinley’s assassination. On September 6, 1901, while in a receiving line at the Exposition’s Temple of Music, President McKinley was shot twice by anarchist, Leon Czolgosz. McKinley was taken to the Exposition’s hospital where he was operated on by a number of prominent Buffalo surgeons including Roswell Park. The President was then taken to the home of John Milburn, head of the Exposition’s Board of Directors, to recover. After his condition appeared to improve, McKinley eventually died on September 14, 1901 in the Milburn home due to infection and gangrene from the gun shot wounds. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context LIB-005 Subject The topic of the resource Pan-American Exposition (1901 : Buffalo, N.Y.) Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived State University of New York at Buffalo. University Archives Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available State University of New York at Buffalo. University Libraries Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Still Image A static visual representation. Examples of still images are: paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type "text" to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context LIB-005_0402 Is Part Of A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included. LIB-005 Pan-American Exposition of 1901. LIB-005 Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Identification photographs Title A name given to the resource President McKinley's speech at the Pan-American Exposition Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Johnston, Frances Benjamin Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1901-09-05 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Source: Photograph from the Johnston Collection in the Prints and Photographs Division of the Library of Congress. Also in Pete Daniel and Raymond Smock. A Talent For Detail : The Photographs of Miss Frances Benjamin Johnston, 1889-1910. New York : Harmony Books, [1974], p. 73. Description An account of the resource On Exposition grounds A group of people sit on chairs on a decorated outdoor stage draped with American flags. A person stands at a podium or lectern, appearing to address the audience. Subject The topic of the resource McKinleyWilliam1843-1901 Pan-American Exposition (1901 : Buffalo, N.Y.) Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="https://rightsstatements.org/page/NoC-US/1.0/">NO COPYRIGHT – UNITED STATES</a>. The organization that has made the Item available believes that the Item is in the Public Domain under the laws of the United States, but a determination was not made as to its copyright status under the copyright laws of other countries. The Item may not be in the Public Domain under the laws of other countries. Please refer to the organization that has made the Item available for more information. Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available State University of New York at Buffalo. University Libraries McKinley Pan-American Exposition speech https://digital.lib.buffalo.edu/files/original/03dc393454afc339050707b1712bfc39.jpg 684853ccb50fb7f3475df730c7437d1f Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Description An account of the resource Military parade in front of spectator grandstand with soldiers marching in formation. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Pan-American Exposition of 1901 Description An account of the resource The Pan-American Exposition was held in Buffalo, New York from May 1 to November 2, 1901. Buffalo was chosen as the location because of its size (at the time it was the eighth largest city in the U.S. with a population of approximately 350,000) and also because of its well suited railway connections. The grounds spread across 342 acres and were located between Delaware Park Lake to the south, the New York Central railroad track to the north, Delaware Avenue to the east, and Elmwood Avenue to the west. The Exposition included educational exhibits as well as a Midway. The educational exhibits showcased the latest advancements in technology, most notably electricity. A major feature was electric lighting which utilized hydroelectric power generated in nearby Niagara Falls. Many of the Exposition buildings, including the prominent Electric Tower, were covered in light-bulbs creating a beautiful and unprecedented sight. The Pan-American Exposition also hosted some of the top engine manufacturers of the time. These companies provided “working exhibits” that actually functioned in the day-to-day operation of the Exposition. The Midway at the Pan-American Exposition provided visitors with entertainment and consisted of more than 42 exhibits. Some of the main attractions of the Midway included the “House Upside Down,” “Cleopatra’s Temple”, and the “Foreign Villages.” The Pan-American Exposition is most widely known as the location of President McKinley’s assassination. On September 6, 1901, while in a receiving line at the Exposition’s Temple of Music, President McKinley was shot twice by anarchist, Leon Czolgosz. McKinley was taken to the Exposition’s hospital where he was operated on by a number of prominent Buffalo surgeons including Roswell Park. The President was then taken to the home of John Milburn, head of the Exposition’s Board of Directors, to recover. After his condition appeared to improve, McKinley eventually died on September 14, 1901 in the Milburn home due to infection and gangrene from the gun shot wounds. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context LIB-005 Subject The topic of the resource Pan-American Exposition (1901 : Buffalo, N.Y.) Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived State University of New York at Buffalo. University Archives Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available State University of New York at Buffalo. University Libraries Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Still Image A static visual representation. Examples of still images are: paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type "text" to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context LIB-005_0401 Is Part Of A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included. LIB-005 Pan-American Exposition of 1901. LIB-005 Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Identification photographs Title A name given to the resource McKinley reviewing troops in the exposition stadium Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1901-09-05 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived American Monthly Review of Reviews, vol.24, no.4 (October 1901) p. 415. Subject The topic of the resource Buffalo(N.Y.)--Exhibitions McKinleyWilliam1843-1901 Description An account of the resource A military parade for President McKinley takes place in front of a grandstand filled with spectators. Soldiers in uniform march in formation, while flags are displayed prominently near the reviewing stand. Large exposition-style buildings and towers are visible in the background. Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="https://rightsstatements.org/page/NoC-US/1.0/">NO COPYRIGHT – UNITED STATES</a>. The organization that has made the Item available believes that the Item is in the Public Domain under the laws of the United States, but a determination was not made as to its copyright status under the copyright laws of other countries. The Item may not be in the Public Domain under the laws of other countries. Please refer to the organization that has made the Item available for more information. Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available State University of New York at Buffalo. University Libraries Exposition Stadium McKinley troops https://digital.lib.buffalo.edu/files/original/b0016ba2910b7993025aa12abdbf951d.jpg 6a6591c675f3b328d0bd65c0b5751ed0 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Description An account of the resource People lined up outdoors holding a rope, with a tent and building behind. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Pan-American Exposition of 1901 Description An account of the resource The Pan-American Exposition was held in Buffalo, New York from May 1 to November 2, 1901. Buffalo was chosen as the location because of its size (at the time it was the eighth largest city in the U.S. with a population of approximately 350,000) and also because of its well suited railway connections. The grounds spread across 342 acres and were located between Delaware Park Lake to the south, the New York Central railroad track to the north, Delaware Avenue to the east, and Elmwood Avenue to the west. The Exposition included educational exhibits as well as a Midway. The educational exhibits showcased the latest advancements in technology, most notably electricity. A major feature was electric lighting which utilized hydroelectric power generated in nearby Niagara Falls. Many of the Exposition buildings, including the prominent Electric Tower, were covered in light-bulbs creating a beautiful and unprecedented sight. The Pan-American Exposition also hosted some of the top engine manufacturers of the time. These companies provided “working exhibits” that actually functioned in the day-to-day operation of the Exposition. The Midway at the Pan-American Exposition provided visitors with entertainment and consisted of more than 42 exhibits. Some of the main attractions of the Midway included the “House Upside Down,” “Cleopatra’s Temple”, and the “Foreign Villages.” The Pan-American Exposition is most widely known as the location of President McKinley’s assassination. On September 6, 1901, while in a receiving line at the Exposition’s Temple of Music, President McKinley was shot twice by anarchist, Leon Czolgosz. McKinley was taken to the Exposition’s hospital where he was operated on by a number of prominent Buffalo surgeons including Roswell Park. The President was then taken to the home of John Milburn, head of the Exposition’s Board of Directors, to recover. After his condition appeared to improve, McKinley eventually died on September 14, 1901 in the Milburn home due to infection and gangrene from the gun shot wounds. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context LIB-005 Subject The topic of the resource Pan-American Exposition (1901 : Buffalo, N.Y.) Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived State University of New York at Buffalo. University Archives Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available State University of New York at Buffalo. University Libraries Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Still Image A static visual representation. Examples of still images are: paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type "text" to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context LIB-005_0400 Is Part Of A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included. LIB-005 Pan-American Exposition of 1901. LIB-005 Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Identification photographs Title A name given to the resource Press on "newspaper row" receive an update from secretary Courtelyou Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1901-09-22 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Buffalo Courier, September 22, 1901. Also appeared in American Monthly Review of Reviews, vol.24, no.4 (October 1901) p. 423. Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Buffalo (N.Y.) Subject The topic of the resource McKinleyWilliam-- 1843-1901 --Death & burial. Description An account of the resource A group of people stand in a line outdoors holding a long rope, with a tent and a building visible in the background. One child stands at the front of the line facing the camera. Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="https://rightsstatements.org/page/NoC-US/1.0/">NO COPYRIGHT – UNITED STATES</a>. The organization that has made the Item available believes that the Item is in the Public Domain under the laws of the United States, but a determination was not made as to its copyright status under the copyright laws of other countries. The Item may not be in the Public Domain under the laws of other countries. Please refer to the organization that has made the Item available for more information. Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available State University of New York at Buffalo. University Libraries newspaper press Secretary Courtelyou https://digital.lib.buffalo.edu/files/original/30f66da07415d8fcc6c3f808517e7ca4.jpg 6527a3ca8d439ae6570776950d13eb75 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Description An account of the resource People holding a rope outdoors with a horse-drawn carriage and crowd in the background. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Pan-American Exposition of 1901 Description An account of the resource The Pan-American Exposition was held in Buffalo, New York from May 1 to November 2, 1901. Buffalo was chosen as the location because of its size (at the time it was the eighth largest city in the U.S. with a population of approximately 350,000) and also because of its well suited railway connections. The grounds spread across 342 acres and were located between Delaware Park Lake to the south, the New York Central railroad track to the north, Delaware Avenue to the east, and Elmwood Avenue to the west. The Exposition included educational exhibits as well as a Midway. The educational exhibits showcased the latest advancements in technology, most notably electricity. A major feature was electric lighting which utilized hydroelectric power generated in nearby Niagara Falls. Many of the Exposition buildings, including the prominent Electric Tower, were covered in light-bulbs creating a beautiful and unprecedented sight. The Pan-American Exposition also hosted some of the top engine manufacturers of the time. These companies provided “working exhibits” that actually functioned in the day-to-day operation of the Exposition. The Midway at the Pan-American Exposition provided visitors with entertainment and consisted of more than 42 exhibits. Some of the main attractions of the Midway included the “House Upside Down,” “Cleopatra’s Temple”, and the “Foreign Villages.” The Pan-American Exposition is most widely known as the location of President McKinley’s assassination. On September 6, 1901, while in a receiving line at the Exposition’s Temple of Music, President McKinley was shot twice by anarchist, Leon Czolgosz. McKinley was taken to the Exposition’s hospital where he was operated on by a number of prominent Buffalo surgeons including Roswell Park. The President was then taken to the home of John Milburn, head of the Exposition’s Board of Directors, to recover. After his condition appeared to improve, McKinley eventually died on September 14, 1901 in the Milburn home due to infection and gangrene from the gun shot wounds. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context LIB-005 Subject The topic of the resource Pan-American Exposition (1901 : Buffalo, N.Y.) Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived State University of New York at Buffalo. University Archives Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available State University of New York at Buffalo. University Libraries Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Still Image A static visual representation. Examples of still images are: paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type "text" to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context LIB-005_0399 Is Part Of A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included. LIB-005 Pan-American Exposition of 1901. LIB-005 Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Memorial photographs Title A name given to the resource Anxious citizens await word of the president Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived From the collection of the Buffalo and Erie County Historical Society. In A. Wesley Johns, The Man Who Shot McKinley. South Brunswick, N.J. : A. S. Barnes and Co., Inc., 1970. Description An account of the resource Location is not disclosed. A group of people outdoors hold a long rope that stretches across the image. In the background, a horse-drawn carriage and additional onlookers are visible beneath the trees. Subject The topic of the resource McKinleyWilliam1843-1901 McKinleyWilliam-- 1843-1901 --Death & burial. Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="https://rightsstatements.org/page/NoC-US/1.0/">NO COPYRIGHT – UNITED STATES</a>. The organization that has made the Item available believes that the Item is in the Public Domain under the laws of the United States, but a determination was not made as to its copyright status under the copyright laws of other countries. The Item may not be in the Public Domain under the laws of other countries. Please refer to the organization that has made the Item available for more information. Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available State University of New York at Buffalo. University Libraries citizen president https://digital.lib.buffalo.edu/files/original/a25fe0a28092b4e8a009671a1b0ef516.jpg d12c9e777dd06dc542699aad8e22e837 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Description An account of the resource Ivy-covered brick house with porch bunting and trees in front yard. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Pan-American Exposition of 1901 Description An account of the resource The Pan-American Exposition was held in Buffalo, New York from May 1 to November 2, 1901. Buffalo was chosen as the location because of its size (at the time it was the eighth largest city in the U.S. with a population of approximately 350,000) and also because of its well suited railway connections. The grounds spread across 342 acres and were located between Delaware Park Lake to the south, the New York Central railroad track to the north, Delaware Avenue to the east, and Elmwood Avenue to the west. The Exposition included educational exhibits as well as a Midway. The educational exhibits showcased the latest advancements in technology, most notably electricity. A major feature was electric lighting which utilized hydroelectric power generated in nearby Niagara Falls. Many of the Exposition buildings, including the prominent Electric Tower, were covered in light-bulbs creating a beautiful and unprecedented sight. The Pan-American Exposition also hosted some of the top engine manufacturers of the time. These companies provided “working exhibits” that actually functioned in the day-to-day operation of the Exposition. The Midway at the Pan-American Exposition provided visitors with entertainment and consisted of more than 42 exhibits. Some of the main attractions of the Midway included the “House Upside Down,” “Cleopatra’s Temple”, and the “Foreign Villages.” The Pan-American Exposition is most widely known as the location of President McKinley’s assassination. On September 6, 1901, while in a receiving line at the Exposition’s Temple of Music, President McKinley was shot twice by anarchist, Leon Czolgosz. McKinley was taken to the Exposition’s hospital where he was operated on by a number of prominent Buffalo surgeons including Roswell Park. The President was then taken to the home of John Milburn, head of the Exposition’s Board of Directors, to recover. After his condition appeared to improve, McKinley eventually died on September 14, 1901 in the Milburn home due to infection and gangrene from the gun shot wounds. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context LIB-005 Subject The topic of the resource Pan-American Exposition (1901 : Buffalo, N.Y.) Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived State University of New York at Buffalo. University Archives Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available State University of New York at Buffalo. University Libraries Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Still Image A static visual representation. Examples of still images are: paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type "text" to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context LIB-005_0398 Is Part Of A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included. LIB-005 Pan-American Exposition of 1901. LIB-005 Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Photographic prints Title A name given to the resource The Milburn residence on Delaware avenue Alternative Title An alternative name for the resource. The distinction between titles and alternative titles is application-specific. Milburn residence on Delaware avenue Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1901-10-00 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived American Monthly Review of Reviews, vol.24, no.4 (October 1901) p. 419. Subject The topic of the resource McKinleyWilliam1843-1901 McKinleyWilliam-- 1843-1901 --Death & burial. Milburn House (Buffalo, N.Y.) Description An account of the resource A brick house covered in ivy is partially obscured by trees in the front yard. Decorative bunting hangs from the porch, and a walkway leads from the entrance to the sidewalk where two people are standing. Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="https://rightsstatements.org/page/NoC-US/1.0/">NO COPYRIGHT – UNITED STATES</a>. The organization that has made the Item available believes that the Item is in the Public Domain under the laws of the United States, but a determination was not made as to its copyright status under the copyright laws of other countries. The Item may not be in the Public Domain under the laws of other countries. Please refer to the organization that has made the Item available for more information. Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available State University of New York at Buffalo. University Libraries Milburn House https://digital.lib.buffalo.edu/files/original/53a136b7fa3a46359085b983f8f5abd9.pdf cff1ae72bc704ca5bd9d228ac5c36518 PDF Text Text TUI~NElt c. 194 u. s. WILLIAMS. 279 Syllabus. tion of privity of contract that he cou!J claim the benefit of it, wa.<J necessary to the protection of the complainant's right in the property held by the milrot\d company, agai nst which he was proc'~'~din[!; in Utah. There is uotlting to show that t he railroad company, with t he huge surplus which it wns alleged to have n.ceurnulated, could not have rellponded to nny <h ~cree which the complainant might have recovered in the foreclosure suit. Nor can the bill be maintained as one to stay waste. There is no estate of complainants in t.he hands of Spencer Trask & Company which is likely to be wasted pending the suit. As the complainant shows no legal or equitable right to the fund furnished by the stockholders , neither the method of its management nor its protection from diminution can concern him. We are of opinion that the Circuit Court was right, and t hat t he bill cannot be maintained either as an original or ancillary proccedi_n g. Judgment affirmed. UNITED STATES ex rel. JOHN TURNER v. WILLIAMS. APPEAL FROM THE CJRCCIT COU RT OF THE UN ITED STATES FOR THE SOUTllERN DISTRICT OF NEW YORK. No.l>Gt . .Argued A& •rll 6, 7, 190l.- n eei<lell May 16,1904. Congress has power to excluue nliens from, and to prescribe the eonditi.ons on which they may enter, th.: United States; to establish regulations for deporting aliens who have ille~nlly entered, and t o commit the enforcements of such conditions anu re~ulations to executi,·e oflicers. Deportinj::, pursuant to law, an nlien who has illegally entered the United Stntes, does not deprive him of his liberty without duo process of law. The Alien Immigration Art of Murch, 1003, 32 Stat. 121:l, d•x~s not violntc tho F.,,Jornl CnnHtitution. nor nrc it,• provi~ioua as to thecxc·lusimt of nli"" " who JLrO nuarchists, unron~tit.u tio11:tl. A board of itt(]uir~· mat! tho ~<·•·r<·t nry of Cnntmcrcc llttd Lnhnr luwinl!: foutttl that nn ulicn inunigru.nt. wa:1 nu u.uarchi:;L with iu the uwaniuK of Uu: Alicm. �2"0 OCTOIIIm TERM , 1!!03. Statement of the C&lMl. 194 u. 8 . Immigration Act of MaN'h 3, I 003, and there being evidence on which t.o bMc this conclusiou, his cx <"lusion, c1r his dcport..tion nfter havinl( unlnw· fully entered the t•ountry, within the period prcH<·rihcd pursuant to tho provisions of the net, will not be reviewed on the fal·ts. filed in the United States Circuit Court for the Southern District of New York, October 26, 1903, a petition alleging" First. That on October 2:l in the city of New Y OJ"k your rchtor was arrcswd hy d ivers persons ch~imiug to be uctiug by authority of t he Govcrnrnrut of t he United States and was by ~aid persons convl'yl'd to the Unitl'd ~tntcs immigration station at Ellis l~ltu u l iu the ha rbor of New York, a nd is now t here imprisoned hy t he Commissioner of Immigration of t he port of New York. "Second . Your relator is so imprisoned hy virtue of a warrant sworu out by tho Sccrc t:wy of the Dt•partmcnt of Commerce 1md Lahor, whit:h w:trT:<nt charges your relator with being an anarchist and b<>iug unlawfully within the Unitl'd Statrs in viol:ttion of ~rtion 2 and sl'cl ion 20 of the immigration Jaws of the United S tates, as amended by act of March 3, 100.3. " Third. Upon information and belief t hat a special boa rd of inquiry consisting of Ch::u·les Semsey, C;tptain Weldon, SU)X'rvising inspector, ami L. C. Stewart., all of whom are executive officers of the Uni ted Stntes, has inquired inlo your relato r's case and drciclrd t hat you r relator is a n ana rchist, and is in the United States in violation of law within lhe meaning of t he net of March 3, 100.3. " Fourth. Your relator denies Urat he is a n :wnrchist within the mPnning of the immigration ln.ws of the Uni ted State~. and sto.t.rs to the court that about s ix years np;o he took out his first papers of application for citizenship in this country, nnd thnt he has nt no timrs ' lwen engngrd n~ n propaga ndist of tloctrines inciting to or advising violent overthrow of governmrnt, but for about six yl'nrs last past he has been the paid organizer of the retail cle rks of Grc:.l.t Britain a nd his business JoHN TuRNER �TlJRN I<:R 10-1 u.s. 11. WILLIAMS. !&81 Stutcmcnt of the Case. in this country is solely to promote the interests of organized labor, and tlmt he has at all t.inH'H eondueted himself as a peaceful and law abiding cit.iz(•n. 11 Dy rea.son of all of which facts your relator says that his imprisonment is illegal, in that he is being deprived of his liberty without due: proec'SS of ln.w ttnd is bc·ing denied equal protection of the laws, contrary to the Constitution and Jaws of the United States." And praying for a writ of JurlJeas C()r]ntS io the Commissioner of Immigmtion of the port of New York, (LJld also for a writ of certiorari to IJring ll!J the record of the Board of Inquiry which adjudged him to IJe an ann.rchist and in the United States in vio'ation of tlu~ immigration laws. The commissioner macle rctmn under o:tth and 1\lso certified the record of the Board of Inquiry: The return stat<:d" That the above named John Turner is an n.lien, a subject of the mngdom of Great Britain n.nd Ireland; that said alien came to the United States from Englaml on or about ten days prior to October 24, 1903, as deponent is informed and believes. 11 Said John Turner was arrested in the city of New York on or about October 23, 1903, under a warrant issued by the Secretary of the Department of Commerce and Labor of the United States, and was taken to the E llis Island immigration station, where he was examined by a board of a special inquiry, duly constituted according to law, upon his right to remain in this country, anti that said alien was by said bm~rd found to be an alien anarchist, and was by unanimous decision of said board ordered to be deported to the country from whence he came as 11. person within the Unit.cd State's in viobtion of law. That on October 26, 1903, said alicm nppealed from the said decision of the bo:ml of special inCJuiry to the Secretary of Commerce anti · Labor, who dismissed the appeal :tnd directed that said rtlirn be deported to the country from whence he came upon the ground thai said alien is an anar- �232 OCT0131<:R TERM, 1908. Statement of the Cnse. 19·1 u 8. chist ami a. p(•r on who disbelieves in ami who is opposed to all organized govPrnmcnt. and was found to be in the United Stah·s in violation of 1:\w. " That annexed hereto is a copy of the above-mentioned wn.rr:wt for the arN•st and dt·portation of said John Turner, and <'opi<'s of the minutc•s of ~aid IH'aring bdorc the bo:ml of f'PI'<'ial in11lliry, :uul a <'opy of tlw ord<•r or dPcision of the :::ecretary of Commerce and Labor di::;missiug said app('al aud n~ain clir<'cting dc•port.n.tion. That. f;nid John T unwr is now held in dq>ont·nt's custody at the Ellis Island immigrant station pending dc·portation to the country from whence he came in nccordnncc ":ith the above-mentioned decision or order of the Secretary of Commerce ruul Labor." The warrant isstl<'d by the Secretary was addressed t.o certain Unit<'tl ~tatcs immigrn nt insp<'ctors, and recited t hat from the proofs submitted the Secretary was satisfied that Turner, an alien anarchist, came into this country contrary to the prohibition of the n.r.t of Congrr.so of 1\larch 3, 1003, n.nd cornmantled them to take him into custotly n.nd return him to t.he country from whence he came n.t the expense of the United States. On n.ppeal to th~ Secretary the record of proceedings before the board of inquiry was transmitted, and the Secretary lwld: "The evidE>nce shows that thc apr)('llant declined t,o give exact information ns to the mannrr in which lw Sl'<:urctl admission to this country, although he swears that he a rrived here about ten days ngo. He admits that he is an anarchist and an advocate of anarchistic principl('s, which brings him within the class defined by section :~8 of lhr nr.t. approved March 3, 1903. In view of these facts, the npp<'nl is dismissed and you are directed to deport the said J ohn Turner in conformity with warrnn t no"· in yom hnnds for <'X<'<'ution." The h<'arin~ before the noanl of Inquiry was hn.1l October24, 190a, nnd it appNtr<•d from the minutes thereof that Turner tPstifi('(l that ll<' was nn Enp;)if.l hm:m ; that he had been in the Unil1'd Slnlt•s l<'n 1lays, and that hP did not comr through New York, but declined to either aflirm or deny that he arrived �TURNER v. WILLIAMS. 194 u. s. 283 Statement of the CMe. v1:a Cannda; that he would not undertake to deny that he had in the lecture delivered in New York, October 23, declared hinl.';clf to be an a narchist, which, he saiu, was a statement that he would make; and that the testimony of the inspectors wn.s about correct. That evidence gave extracts from the add rr:;.'l rpf1•m·d to indudinp; thrRn: ".Just imagine wlmt n universal ti1!-11p would llll'llll. Wha t wou),J it · mean in New York city :done if this idea of soliditary were 1-lpread through the c:ity? If no work was bc!ing do1 u!, if it were Sunday for n week or a fortnight, life\ in New York would be impossibln, ant.! the workers, gai ning audacity, would refuse to recognize the authority of their employers nnd eventually take· to themselves the handling of the industries. . All over Europe they nrc pn!pnring for a general strike, which will spread over the entire inrlustrial world. Everywhere the employers are organizing, and to me, at any rate, ns an nn· archist, as one who believes that the people should emancipate themselves, I look forward to this struggle M l'tn opportunity for the workers to assert the power that is really theirs." Certain papers were found on Turner, one of them being a list of his proposed series of lectures, (which, when the warrant was in execution, he rolled up and threw away,) the ' subjects including: 11 The lrgn.l murder of 1 R.~7 ," and " The essentials of :marchif;lll;" noticc~s of mee ting~, one of a massmeeting November 9, at which 11 Speeches will be delivered by John Turner in E nglish, John Most in German, and several other speakers. Don't miss this opportunity to hear the truth expressed about the great Chicago tragedy on the rleventh of November, 1887; " and another, stating: "It may be interesting to all that Turner has recently refused to accept a candidacy to Parliamen t because of his anarchistic principles." A demurrer was interposed to the return, and, after argu· ment, the Circuit Court dismissed the writ l\nd remanclrd the petitioner. 126 Fed. R r p. 253. From this order nn appeal was prayed and allowed to this court, and, having been docketed, petitioner was admitted to bail. �284. OCTOBER T I.;Rl\1, 1903. Statement of th" Case. 194 u. 8. Sections 2 and 38 of the act of March ~{, l!l03, entitled 11 An act to regulate the imrnigmtion of aliens into the United States," 32 Stat. 1213, c. 10 U, arc as follows: 11 SE C. 2. That the follo\\'ing clasx('S of aliens shall he~ c•xcluded from ndmission into the l' nit~~d Statc•s: All idiotr-;, insane persons, epileptics, and p('rsons who h:we been insane within five yc:us preYious; JH'rson:o: who have had L\\'O or more attacks of insanity at any t.imc~ previou:o:ly; paupcrs ; pcrsons Jik<•ly t.o bc•<·onw a puhlie eha rgc•; profpr-;sionnl bcgg:~n; ; ))('rsons :dllicted wit h. :1 loathsome or with a dangerous contap;ious di~<·a:::c•; pc•rsonr-; who h:wc been convicted of a. felony o1· other crime or nti;;dcmcanor involvinp; moral turpitude; · polygamists, anarchists, or J>!'rsons who bc•licvc in or advocate the overthrow by forcc• or vioiPncc of I he GQvcrnnwnt of the Unit.<'d Statc·s or of all gnvl'l'ttllt('llls or of all forms of ht\\', or the assassination of public oflicials ; pror-;1itut<'s, and persons who procure or attempt to bring in prostitutes or women for the purpose of prostitution; those who h:wc been, within one year from the date of t.hc npplicalion for admission to the United States, deported us being under offers, solicitations, promises or agreements to perform labor or service of some kind therein ; and also any p<'rson whose ticket or passage is paid for with the money of anoth<'r, or who is assisted by others to come, unless it is a.ffirmn.t.ivdy and r-;atisfnctorily shown that. such person does not belong to one of the foregoing excluded classes; but this scction shall not be held to prevent persons living in the United Stales from sending for a relative or friend who is not of the for<'going excluded dnsscs: Provided, Thnt nothing in this net shnll c•xcludc persons convicted of an offence purely poli t ieal, not involving morn! turpitude : A nd proridcd further, That skilled labor may be imported, if labor of like kind unemploy<'d cannot be foun<l in this country: A nd pro1·1~ded f1trlhcr, That the provisions of this law 11pplicuble to contrnct labor shall not he h<'ld to exclude professional actors, artists, lecturers, singers, ministl:'rs of any religious denomination, professors for colleges or seminaries, persons �TURNRR v. WlLLlAMS. 194 u.s. 285 Argument for Appellnnt8. belonging to any recognized lcarncc l profession; or p~rsons employed :;trictly as pc:rsonal or domestic servants." "SF-C. as. That no person who disbelieves in or who is opposed to :til organi1.ed govPrnmtmt, or who is a. member of or a(lili:tted with any organization euteri:tining and teaching such disbelief in or opposition to :til o rg:m i ;~ed government, or who ltd voc:tt.c's or te:whPs the: dut.y , nc~cessit.y, or propriety of the unlawful :tssaul t ing or killing of any officer or ofliccrs, either of specific individuals or of officer;; generall y, of the Governmen t of the Uni ted Staks or or any uLhc~r organized government, Leeausc of hix or tlwi r oflieial character, shall be permi tted to enter t.hc~ Unitc•d States or any Terri tory or place subjcct to the jurisdiction thereof. T his section shall be enforced l>y the Secretary of the T reasury under s uch mlcs and rP-gulaLions ax he~ shall pn:scribc:. " That any pc~rson who knowingly airls or assists any such person to enter the United Statr.s or any Terri tory or place subject to ·the jurisdiction thereof, or who eonnivcs or conspires with any person or per!'ons to allow , procure, or permit any s uch p('rson to enter therein, except pursu:tnt to such rules and regulations made by the Secretary of the Treasury, shall be finetl not more than five t housand dollars, or imprisoned for not less than one nor more th:tn five years, OJ' both." By the act of February H, 1fl03 , :32 St:t.t. 825, c. 552, "To establish the D<'partment of Commerce a nd Labor," the jurisdiction, supervision and control possess<~c l and exercisecl by the D<•partment of the Tmnsury over the immigration of aliens into the United Sta tes were transferred to the Departmen t of Comnwrec :wd Labor est:tbli:;hed by the act, to Lake effect and be in force t he first dny of July, 1903. Mr. Clarence 8. Darrow and Mr. Edyar L Ma.sters for appellants : The arrest and deportation are null and void. The act of F ebruary 14, 1!)03, which erc:Ltcd the Department of Commerce and Labor which invested t he Secretary thereof with �2SG OCTOllEl~ ·n:Rl\1, 1903. Argument for Appellants. 194 u. s. control of the general inunigration service, was repealed by the nd. of Mardt :l, l!)O:l , which inn~stetl the S()Crctary of the Trc:tSury with thr admini><tmt.ion of the immigrat.ion service, nnd whi1·h repcal!•d hy l'Xprcss tenus ull acts or parts of ucts incon:<istent !.herewith. Srt"tiun :lR of this art, undPr whic•.h srct.ion t.he apprllant wns dqlOrkd, is uncmrstitutiuu:d hl'l':tll"l' in rontmvent.iou of the First Amendmc·nt to the Constit.utiuu of the United States, which declnrr~ t h:tL Congrrss shn.llmakc no law respecting the est.ablishment uf relig ion or prohibiting Ure free exercise t hereof, or abridging the frrrtlom of ~pcech or of the press. The inhibition of the First Amendment goes to the wry competency of Congress itself to pass any such law, imlq wudcnt .of whether such hw relates to a citi1.en or an alien. Pollock v. F. L . t~ T. Co., J.57 U.S. 427; /)owncs v. B-idwell, 182 U.S. 244. Although t.hc l:tw in question di:scrimina.tes against disbelief this is t he ~arne t hing as abr·idp;ing freedom of speech. Spencer's l'rincipiPs of E t.hic·s, Yol. :.?, J:lG ; Mill'::; Essn.y on Liberty; Freund on Police Powrr, 475. T he act is unconstit utional and void because in contravention of § 1, Art. III, which declares that the judicial power of the Uuit.etl SLates shnll be vcst,cd in one Supreme Court, and in such inferior courts as the Congress may from time to time ordain and establish. The law provides for the trial of an alien by a Board of Special Inquiry, secret and ap:ut from the public; without indictment; without confrontation of witnesses; without the pri':ilege to the accused of oht:tining witnrsses; without t he right of counS('l. lt, transfers to t.he Federal inspedors engaged in rxecut.ing t.he on INs of t h<' cxe<!utivc drpartment of the governmrnt,, that judit"ial power whieh bdongs only to t he judiciary undpr the Constitution of the l luitcd States. The framers of the Con~t it.ution designed that the departments of the gowrnmcnt should n ot encroa.ch one u pon the other. llricc's American Commonwealth, vol. 1, 282; Ban- �TURNER v. W IL LIAMS. 19-1 u.s. 287 Argument for Appcllnnts. crofL's History of the Constitution, vol. 1, 327; l\'ladison's Jkbatl's, pp. IH, 7::, l GO; Tin: F1:dN:tlist., No. 46. For the advanta~~~ of thus dividing t,lw ~overnnwnt, sec Montesquicu's Spirit of Laws, book 2, SPC . (i; Lo<~kn on Civil Government., p. 14. Tlu: whole judi<:ial pow<'r utul1:r I he Coust.itutiou is vested in one 1-:iupn:tnn Court and sudt inferior enurt.-; as Congn::;s shall from time to timn onhin n.nd <'SI.:~hl ish. 1\?:t/iou.rn v. Thom.psnn,lO~ lf. K HiR;Mctrln.mJ v . Madison, ! Cranch, 17:l; Martin v. Jl nnter's Le.~see, 1 Wheat. 330; Kent's Com. vul. l, 301; Andcr~on v. llurcy, 124 U. 1:i. G!J4; Ex 7>arle Milhgan, 4 Wall. 2. As to the general principle of liberty n.nd as to its breach by the process w:trrantcd hy this l:nv, s1•c Kentucky Resolutions; The Philusvphy of Law, Imnmnud Kant; Spencer's Principles of Ethics, vul. 2, p. !)2 (0 . Appleton & Co.). The app<·ll:wt was dPprivcd of his liberty without due process of bw. Ex.1J(trleSiny(C.C.),82fo'cd. Itrp.22; Wrmg Wing v. United State.~, J(J~ ll. R. 227; Y ·ick Wu v. llor1kins, 11~ U. S. 356; Kent's Com. vul. I, 509; CaldwcU v. Texas, 137 S. 691; Callan v. Wilson, 127 U.S. 540; 1\ladison's Virgini:~ Resolutions; Elliott's Debate:>, vul. 4, 555 et :;cq. No power wh:ttC\'er i::; dclngn.ted by the Constitution to the general govcrnrncn\, over alien friends with reference to their admis,;ion into the United St:·~tcs, or othcrwi:;c; or over t.hc beliefs of citizens, denizens, sojourners or a!iens, or over the freedom of speech, or of the press. Sec E lliotL's Debates, vol. I, p. 322, el seq. The decisions which vali<.late the exclusion laws of the general government predicate t.heir reasoning upon the commerce clause of the Const.itution·or upon \.he ~ovrrc:ign elmracter of t.hc general govprnmcnt.. Rdye v. Rol1crt~on, 112 U. S. 580; Fong Yt~e T ing v . U11.1'tcd Stale.~, 146 U. S. GfiR. These case~ referrcll to Gib1Jon.9 v. Ogden, 9 Wheat. 1, for the definition of commerce. It is contended that Gt:bbons v. Oydell is bimling in so far only ns it hol<.ls commerce to include u: �288 OCTOBE I~ Argum~nt TEHM, 1903. for Appellants. 194 u. 8. navignt.ion; that the definit.ion of commerce given in that decision is not binding hw, exr<~p t in r-;n f;Lr as it holds commerce to include navigation. The rule uf stare dt:c:i~i:> only arises in n·srx:<:t of decisions dirccUy upon the points nt issue. Co/urns v. l'irginia, () \Vlwat.. ~!IS; Ca.rroll v. Carroll, 16 How. 275; Polloc/,; v. Fcmnen..' Loan & Trust Co., 157 U.S. 427. Tlw rrgulat.ion i1f comm<•rcc do<'s not iudude the rrguhtion of bC'Iiefs nr the reguln.tion of immigmt.ion. And though Congre:-s has powrr to reguhlc conunerce with foreign nations it canno t do :;o to the <)Xt.cnt of ovcniding inhibitions upon its pow<•r IYhich go t.o it.'> very competency to pass the law: And though ( 'ougress may n·guht c ennunc;n;c• ·with foreign nations it cannot in :tnd by such r<'gul:ttinn ahridge the freedom of Sp<'cch or of the press. So far ns the sovereign chamctcr of the government is c<>ncern<'tl, sovereignty under our system d!'volvcd upon the Stn.tes nft~r the Revolu tion. Chi.~lwlm v. Georgia, 2 Dn.llas, 470; Slurgig v. Crowninshicld, ·1 Wheat. 1!.13 ; Dartmouth College v. Woodtt:ard, 4 Wheat. 161 ; Rhode hlanrl " · ilfas.~ar.ltusetts, 12 Peters, 720; Martinv. Tl'aflcldl, J(j Pekrs, 410; Martin v. Hunter's Lessee, l ""heat.. ~{25; Fontain v . Ral·enel, 17 How. 369. The government of the United States is a government of limited pow!'r, and has only such powrrs ns h!lVC been confrrrrd upon it. Com pldt sover<'ign t.y ll('V<'r was t.ransferrr.d to the gc'n(•ral govrmnH'nt. Jllarbttry v. 1\fa.d.iMn, 1 Crnuch, 176 ; M rrulloch v. Jl! arylrmd, 4 Wh<'nt. 405 ; Wyman v . S o11tharrl, 10 '\'heaL 4:3; Gilman v. Phi /adel7JMa, 70 t. S. 713; Parifir In s. Co. v. Smrlr, 7 \V:1II. :~42 ; Huffing/on v. Day, 11 Wall. 11:1: Um'trd State., "· Cruirk:;ha.nk, !.J2 ll. Fl. 542; United S tates v. fl am\ 106 l'. S. li29; Virk Wo v. Hopkins, 118 U.S. 356; Story 0 11 till' C'on$1it.ut ion ; Rnbcrtson v. Baldw1·n, 165 U.S. 296, dis.~f·nt of 1\'lr. .Just icc Harlan; Cooley's Constitutional Limitations; Turk<'r's Blac·kstonc App. A.; Bank v. Earle, 13 Pet. .'>R ; E lliot's D!'bates, vol. 2, 131; Strphem;'s Constitutional View of the War, vol. 1, pp. 40, 41,487, 48S, 489. If aliens can be excluded from the territory of the United �TURNER 19•1 u. s. 11. 289 WILLIAMS. Opinion of the Court. St•~tes because of their beliefs and that under the commerce clause of the Constitution, then citizens of one State can be prevented, because of their bdic: f~, from pa.'lSing from that State to My of the other States, under the commerce elause of t.he Constitution; becau~e tlmt chusn empowc•rs Congress to rr~ul:ttc comrnNce not only with foreign riatiow; but among the several Stau~s. Mr. Ass1'stant Allorney <leneral M cUeynolds for appcll<:r.. l\1n. Cmrw .JusTWl': FuLJ.Eit, after making the forrgoing statement, drlivc•rr.d thr. opinion of the: comt. This appeal was taken directly t.o this court on the ground that the case involved the construction or applicat.ion of the Constitution of the Unitetl States, :tml that, the constitutionality of a law of the United States was dra.wn in question ; and although it may be, as argued by t,he Government., that the principles which must control our decision have been practically settled, we think, the whole record considered, that we are not constrained to dismiss t,he appnttl for t.hat reason. It is contended tiH\t the act of March 3, 190:3, is unconstitutional because in contravention of the Fi r~t, Fifth ancl Sixth Articles of Amendment of the Constitution, and of section 1 of Article III of that instrument ; and because no power "is delegated by the Constitution to the General Government over alien friends with reference to their admis.<>ion into the United States or otherwise, or ovcr the belids of citizens, tlcnizens, sojourners or aliens, or over the freedom of speech or of the press." Repeated decisions of this court have detNmined that Congress has the power to exclude aliens from the United States; to prescribe the terms and conditions on which they may come in; to establish regulations for sending out of the country such aliens as have entered in violation of law, and to commit the enforcement of such conditions and regulations to executive vor.. oxcrv-19 • �200 OCTOBKR TERM, l!l03. Opinion of the Court. I!) I u.s. t.h:tt t.h(' clc•pnrt :tl ion of :m nlit'll who is found to he lwm in viol:tt.ion of I:Lw is not, n. dt•pri\'al ion of lihcrt.y without due· proCC'!':S of la.w, and t.ha t Uw provisions of t.hc Con~ti t ul ion ~cu ring the right of trial by jury have no applieation. C!me Chan Ping v. United Stales, 130 LT. S. 5~1; Nt'shimura Ekiu v. United State.~, 1•12 t l. S. G5 1 ; Fnnn Y11e Tiug v. United States, 149 U.S. 698; Lr111 Moon Siny ,.. United State.~, 158 U.S. 5~8; Wong lViug v. United Stales, l(j;J U. S. 22S; Fok Y111l!J Y o v. United Stat(•.~, lS5 U. S. 29G; Japanese Jmm1'grn11t Calle, 189 U. S. RG; Ch·i n Bak !\an v. United States, 186 U.S. 193; Um'ted Stales v. Siuy T11ck, 1!)4 U.S. 161. In the c.1:::c la~t. riled the dif'tinction on which Gonzales v. Willimm:, 1!12 ll. R J, turnrtl waf' pointrd out. The qurstion whether :t rit izrn of Porto niro, undr r the treaty of cession nnd thr net of April 1 ~. 1!100, ranw within Uw immi~ra.tion lnw of March :J, lf\9 1, waR purt•ly a qm'l'l ion of hw, whieh IX'ing decided in the nrgative all C[U('Rt ions of fact b een me immaterial. 1n the pr<'sent cnsc nlienage wns conceded nnd was not in dispute, and it wus the f)uestion of fact thereupon arising tha t was passed on by the Board, and by the Secretary on a ppral. Whether rested on the nc<'cptcd principle of intrrnational Jaw that every sovereign nation hns the puwrr, u.s inherent in sovrrrignt.y and essential to self-preservation, to forbid the entrance of foreigners within its dominions, or to admit. them only in such cases and upon such conditions ns it may sec fit to prrscribe; or on the pow('r to r<'gulate commerce with foreign nations, which inr.luclrs t.he r ntmnce of Rhips, the importation of goods, and the bringing of pcr~ons into the ports of thr l'nitC'd States, t.he ac;t br forc us is not open to constitutionaI ohj<'ct ion. And while' we lwlcl in 11'ong TV ing v. Uuited States, supra, a errt:lin provi;.ion of nn imm i~rn.tion law invalid on that, ground, thi!': net. dOf's not come within the ruling. I n that ra~ l\lr..Tu~t irr Shiras, Sp<':tking for the court, said: "We regard it as settled by our previous decisions that the offirrr~; �TURNER 191 u.s. 11. WILLI A MS. 291 Opinion of·the Court. Unit.P.d Rt:tks can, :Ls :1. tll:ttk'r uf publir. polir.y, by Congres:;iom\1<!lladnu!IIL, forbid alic~11s or ebs,.;c~:-; of :dicus from coming within thc!ir borde ~::;, and ex pc·l aliens or classes of aliens from their territory, and ca11, in ordl'r to ntakc: dTccti.ral :-;uch decree of c!xdui4ion or cxpulsion,clcvc)lvc the power nml duty of iclchtifying and arre.<>ti11g thn per!'<ons inclut!ccl ·in such decree, and causing their dr.portaLion, upon executive or subordinate officials. " But when Congress sees fit to furthe r promote such a policy by subjecting the persons of such aliens to infamous punishment at hard labor, or by confise:tting their property, we think such legislation, to b<! valid, must proviclr. for a judicial trial to cstn.blish the guilt of the accusncl. No limits can be put by the courts upon the power of Congress to protect, by summary tn!'thods, the country from the advent of aliens whose mcc or habit.<; mnciP.r thmn undm;irahle as c:itiwns, or to expd such if tlu~y h:l.V<! already found their way into our land and unl:nvfully remain then· in. But to declare u11bwful residence within the cuu11 lry lo be an infamous crimn, punishable by deprivation of lill<'rf;y :mcl propr.rty, would be to pass out of the sphere of constitutional legisln.tion, unless provision were made that the fl~Ct of guilt should first be <~stabl islwd by :~ judicial trial. It is not consistent with t.he t.hcory of our government that the legislature should, a.flPr having defined an offence as an infamous crime, fi11tl the fact of guilt and adjudge the punishment by one of its own agnnt.s.'' Detention or temporary confinement as part of the means nece!'l.'>ary to give effect to the exclusion or expulsion was held valid, but so much of t he net of lS!J2 as provided for imprisonm~nt at hard labor without a judicial trial was held to be un* constitutional. The cases of Chae Chan Piny, Fang Yue Ting and lh'1n Moon S·ing were carefully considered n.ncl applied. We do not feel ealled upon to rnconsicler these! decisions, a nd they dispose of the specilic contentions as _to thr. application of the Fifth and Sixth Amendments, and section 1 of Article III, l).nd the denia.l of the delegation to the General Government of �292 OCT OBER TERM, 1903. Opinion of the Court. 194 u. 8. the power to enact this law. But it is said that the act violates the First Amendment, which prohibits the passage of any law" respecting an cst.ablishml'nt of religion, or prohibiting the frM exercise thereof; or abridging the freedom of sp<'I'Ch, or of the press; or the right of the JWople p!':tccahly to a!\srmblc, and to petition the government for a redress of grievance~'>." We nre nt a loss to umkrstand in what way the a<'t is obnoxious to this ohj«'ction. It has no n•fert•ncc t.o an «'l'>t:thliRhnwnt of religion nor do<'s it prohibit the free <'Xercisc thereof ; nor nbridgn the freedom of ::;p<'<'Ch or t-he press; nor the right of the )J('Oplc to assrmblc and petition the government for a redresR of grievancc.<s. lt. i><, of l'ourS<', true t.hut iC an alien is not pcrmittcd toentcr th is count.ry, or, h:winf!: entcre!l eontryy to l:tw, is ('X)wlbl, he is in fact eut. ofT from wor~hipping or ~<pe:tking or publishing or pct.itioninf!: in the country, but.. that. is merely because of his exclusion therefrom. He does not become one of the people to whom these things nrc secured by our Constitution by an attempt to cn t<'r forbidden by law. To appeal to the Constitution is to concede that this is a land governed by that supreme law, and us under it the power to cxclmle has been determined to exist, those who nrc excluded cannot assert the rights in general obtaining inn land to which they do not belong ns citizens or otherwise. Appellant's contention really comes to t his, that the act is unconstitutional so far 8.'! it provides for the exclusion of an alien because he is an anarchist. The argument seems to he that, conceding that Congress has t.he power to shut out any alien, t.hc power nevertheless does not extend to some nJiens, an1l t.hat if the act includes all a.Iien anarchists, it is unconstitutional, because some anarchists are merely political philosophers, whose teachings are beneficial rat her than otherwise. CounS<'I give t.hrsc definitions from the Century Dictionary: "ANARCHY. Absence or insufficiency of government; a state of soricty in which there is no capable supreme power, and in which the several functions of the state are performed badly or �TU It:'\ EH 194 u. s. 11. WlLLI AM:-). 293 O pinion of tho Court. not at all ; social and political confusion. Specifically-2. A social theory which regards the union of order with the absence of all direct government of man by man as the political itle:~.l; absolute individual liberty. :3. Confusion in gr.ucrnl. "ANARCHIST. J. l'rop<'rly,one who advocal.~:s :ma.rchy or the absence of governmcut as :~ polit it;al ideal; :~ bclicwr in an anarchic theory of !;OCicty; especially, au :ulhen!nt of the social theory of l'roudhun. (:--lee Anarchy, 2.) 2. Ju popular u!;e, one who :<et·k,; to owrt.urn l.>y violence all coust.it.utetl forms and inst.ilutions of society nnd government, all law and order, nnt l all right.s of property, with no purpose of t:st:<hlishing any other !ly;:;l.cu• of order in the place of t hat dt•stroycd; especially, such a person when n.ctuatetl hy nwrc lust of plunder. :l. Any persou who promot.es disordt:r or cxcitt!s n!volt 11g:linst an established rule, bw, or cust.um." Anti Huxley is quoted as sa.ying: " Anarchy, as a term of political philosophy, must be taken only in its proper sense, which has nothing to do with disorder or with crime, hut denotes a state of society in which the rule of each individual by himse!I is the only government the legitimacy of which is recognized." The language of the net is " anarchists, or persons who believe in or advocate the overthrow by force or violence of the Government of the United States or of all government or of all forms of Jaw, or t.hc assassination of public officials." If this should be construed as defining the word "anarchists " by the words which follow, or as used in the popular sense above given, it would seem that when an alien arrives in t.his country, who avows himself to be an anarchist , without more, he accepts the definition. Anti we suppose counsel docs not deny that this Government has the power to exclude an alien who believes in or :ttivocates the overthrow of the Government or of all governments by force or the assassination of officials. To pu t that question is to answer it. Anti if the j udgment of the board and the Recretary was that T urner came within the act as thus construed, we can- �Q(.."J'OBER TERM, 190:1. Opinion of the Court. 194 u.s. not holtl ns matter of l:tw ~hnt ~hero was no cvitlcncc on which tha~ coud u~iou <·ould J,,. n·skd. Ewn if Turner, though he did 11nt so stat,n to the hoard, only regan.lctl the absence of ~ovcrnnu•nt as a puliti<-nl id<:'nl, yet when he sought to nttnin it hy advoc:ttinj!, uot simply for the ben<'fit of workingm<'n, who nro just.ly en tit h·cl to rt'JK'I the charge of d<•siring the c.Iestrudiun of law :uul tml<·r, lmt "ntany r:ttl', a.'i :m mmr<'hist.," t IIC' uuiv<'r!<al :;trilw to whid1 IH' n.fi'ITt•cl, and hy diHcourst•:< on what lu· <·allt•d "Till' 1":-:al nlurtl<·r of li\S7," SJYi<·-~ v. l'cople, 12:.! llliuoiR, I, and by addressing maRS moet,ings on tha~ Rubjrc~ in asso<'iation with Most, Rey. v. Mo~l, 7 Q. B. Div. 244; /'eople v.Mosl, 171 N. Y.42:1,wecnnuo~ saythat t.he i.nfereuce wn.c; unjust.ifiahll• l'ither that he conwmplalcd ~he ultimnl<> r<>alization uf his hlt•al Ly the usc of forcr, or that his :<Jx'ccll!'s were incit.<•nH•nts 111 Ihat end. If th<> word " anar<'hists .. ,;hould be interpreted ns including nlit•ns who~ anan:hisl it: viPw::; arc prof<'s.'!t•d ~~'l thos<> of political philo:;oplwrs inuon•11t uf t•vil inlt:llt, it woulc.l follow that C'.o11grel'.~ was of opinion that the tendency of the geut-ral <'Xploitation of suuh vit•W$ is so dangerous to the public wNtl that aliens who hold and advocat.c tht•m would be undcsimiJlc additions to our po1>uhtion, whether pcrmnncnlly or tcmpomrily, whether many or ft•w, allll, iu the light of previous c.lecisiuns, t.Jw act, l'vt'n in this a,~l1<'et, wonld not be unconstitutional, or as applicaiJic to auy alien who ii:l opposed to all orgt\nizcd government. We are not to be undorntootl as deprrcinting the vital impor.tancc of freed om of spcech anti of the press, or as suggest-ing limitations on the spirit of liberty, in itself unconquerable, but this case docs not i.uvolve those considerations. The flaming IJrand which ~~:unrds the realm where no human government is needed still bars the entrance; and as long as human ~~:overnments rndurr tlH•y cannot be denied the power of sclfpreR<'rvntion, as that question is preSC'nted here. Reference wns mndr by counR<'l to t.he nlicn law of June 25, 1i98, 1 St.at. 570, c. 58, but we do not think that the con- �T UHNE R r·. WJLLIA?\11:). 104 u.s. 295 M n. J tJI:S'rtcc lluKwEn, concurring. troversy over that ln.w (and the sedition law) nut! the opinions <'xprr~sscd :1t the time again:;t its constitu tion:Liit.y have any bcari u~ upon this ea.'><~, whit:h invol VI'S an act cuuchctl in e:utir<•ly clilfcrent terms anti embnu:ing :111 entirely different purpose. As Mr. J ustit<l J•'ie•lcl rcmarkPcl in the Chine.~c Exclu~wn Co.J.,c, 1:10 U. ::>. 58 1, GLO: " The act wa~ p:rsscd during 1\ pc·riod of ~rent pnli t iraI <•xcil rm<'ut, and it wa~ attar.ke·cl ancl th•fe·lull'cl with gri':Lt ;\l'al :uu l ability. fl. is e·nou~h. hm\'(:V!'r, to :;ay that it is <•ntin•ly diiTt•rent fro111 the· al't l>l'forc us, a111l the: validity of its prcovisious was JleV<' r brou~ht to the test of judicial decision in the courts of the Unitt•d Ht:tt<•s." Order affirmed. M n. J uSTICR BnEwF.n, concurring. In view of the range of di~cussion in the argument or this cnsn at the bar I fN:I ju ~ Lili<·cl in addilag 11 few wurJ:; to what has been snit! hy the <.:hit·f .Justice. First. I fully endorse and accentuate the conclusions of the court, liS disclosed hy th<' opinion, that, notwithstanding the legislation of c~mgrCllS, the courts lll:ly and must, when properly CAlled upon hy ))()tition in lwbea.~ I'IJTJIII·~, t•xamim• aml determine the right or ILIIY individuul l'(::strnilu•d of hil< pcrsoual lil>erty to be di~whargcd fmm ~ucla n·straiu L. l do not tx•fii·Y<: it within the power or Congn:ss to givll to minis terial oniccrs a final !tdjudication of the right t.o Jil)('rly or to Ou!St the courts from the duty of imtuiry respecting both lrlw and facts. " The privilege of the writ of lwheas oorpus shall not be suspended, unless when in cases of rcbcUion or inva.~iem the public safety ''" may requrre 1L.C onst. A rt. 1, sec. 9, c Iausc 2. Second. While undoubtedly the llnitl'd Stat<·~ as n nution has all the powers which inhere in any nation, l'ongress is not authorized in nil things to net for the na t ion, :\lld too littlr. effect ha.<;; been givrn to tlu: Tenth Article of till' amendments to the C'.onstitution, that. " the powcors not d<:lc~ated to the Un ited States by the Constitution, nor prohibited by it to the �St.ut.cmcnt of U10 C88C. 191 u.s. States, are reserved lo the St1~tes 1 espcetively, or to the pcoplt·." Tlw powers t hl' pPoph• ha VI' ~i Vl'll to the Ge11eml Uvv!'rllllJCUt are n:~used in Use Constit{Jtiuu, aud all uut there named, either exp ressly or by implication, nrc reserved to the 1.wople aud cau be cxerci:scd only by them, or upon further gra11t fro111 them. Third. No testimony wm; oll'Pn'd on the hearing bcfor~ the Circuit Court other than that taken before the immigrntion bo:u·d of inlJUi_ry, nud 11om• before such board s:we that preserved in its n·purt.. H ence thu facts must be determined by t.h:~t cvid(' ncc. It if; nut au UIJreasonable tlctluction therefrom that p<'litimwr- is an a11an•hi~t i11 the commonly accf'plet l Sl'nsc of I It•· I NUl, out• who urg1•s ami !:W<~ks Use OVl'Jthrow by force of all guvNllllll'lll. lf thai be uot the fact, he should hav1• iutruducJ•tl ll'slillwny lo t•stablish t.he wntrary. Jt is Ulllll'Ce>:.;;ary, t.lwn•fon·, t.o eonsid1•r what right.-; hl: would have if he Wl' fl' tmly what is called l1y way of tliffcrc11tiation a philo:<ophiC'nl an:~rchi:<t, o11c who simply entertains ami expresses the opinion that all l!:nvcrnml•nt is a mistnkc, and that society would be better oJI wiUwut uuy. H EWIT v. BERLIN MACHINE WORKS. APPEAL F'llOM TIH~ CIHCUI'l' COURT Ot' APPEALS FOU 'l'HE SECOND ClltCU IT. No.2'>~. A Argued April 18, 100,,- nechled. MAy 10. 1004. in hnuknJpt('y gol:~ no hcttflr title thu.n that whid1 the bo.nkn1pt Juul ami is uut u sub:·mqtlt'lll. purdtnsc:r, in J!tXxl fu.ith, within tho mcuuiu~ trtJ.')tCC of §112 of •·hnpt<•r ·II~, nf the lnw~ "f 11197 of New Ynrk. And M tho "endor's title under" •·omlitionnl ~ule is .:ood against the bankrupt it is good also ug11inst the tru•tec. LOREN M. IlEWJT, as trustee in bankruptcy of Clara E. � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Pan-American Exposition of 1901 Description An account of the resource The Pan-American Exposition was held in Buffalo, New York from May 1 to November 2, 1901. Buffalo was chosen as the location because of its size (at the time it was the eighth largest city in the U.S. with a population of approximately 350,000) and also because of its well suited railway connections. The grounds spread across 342 acres and were located between Delaware Park Lake to the south, the New York Central railroad track to the north, Delaware Avenue to the east, and Elmwood Avenue to the west. The Exposition included educational exhibits as well as a Midway. The educational exhibits showcased the latest advancements in technology, most notably electricity. A major feature was electric lighting which utilized hydroelectric power generated in nearby Niagara Falls. Many of the Exposition buildings, including the prominent Electric Tower, were covered in light-bulbs creating a beautiful and unprecedented sight. The Pan-American Exposition also hosted some of the top engine manufacturers of the time. These companies provided “working exhibits” that actually functioned in the day-to-day operation of the Exposition. The Midway at the Pan-American Exposition provided visitors with entertainment and consisted of more than 42 exhibits. Some of the main attractions of the Midway included the “House Upside Down,” “Cleopatra’s Temple”, and the “Foreign Villages.” The Pan-American Exposition is most widely known as the location of President McKinley’s assassination. On September 6, 1901, while in a receiving line at the Exposition’s Temple of Music, President McKinley was shot twice by anarchist, Leon Czolgosz. McKinley was taken to the Exposition’s hospital where he was operated on by a number of prominent Buffalo surgeons including Roswell Park. The President was then taken to the home of John Milburn, head of the Exposition’s Board of Directors, to recover. After his condition appeared to improve, McKinley eventually died on September 14, 1901 in the Milburn home due to infection and gangrene from the gun shot wounds. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context LIB-005 Subject The topic of the resource Pan-American Exposition (1901 : Buffalo, N.Y.) Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived State University of New York at Buffalo. University Archives Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available State University of New York at Buffalo. University Libraries Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Still Image A static visual representation. Examples of still images are: paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type "text" to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context LIB-005_0397 Is Part Of A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included. LIB-005 Pan-American Exposition of 1901. LIB-005 Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Clippings Title A name given to the resource Text of John Turner v. Williams, 1904. 194 U.S. 279 Alternative Title An alternative name for the resource. The distinction between titles and alternative titles is application-specific. Appeal before the United States Supreme Court Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1905-03-17 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived United States. Supreme Court. United States Reports. Cases Adjudged in the Supreme Court. v.19 (1903), pp.279-296. Subject The topic of the resource John Turner v. Williams Description An account of the resource A case involving an illegal immigrant who was also an anarchist. Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="https://rightsstatements.org/page/NoC-US/1.0/">NO COPYRIGHT – UNITED STATES</a>. The organization that has made the Item available believes that the Item is in the Public Domain under the laws of the United States, but a determination was not made as to its copyright status under the copyright laws of other countries. The Item may not be in the Public Domain under the laws of other countries. Please refer to the organization that has made the Item available for more information. Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available State University of New York at Buffalo. University Libraries Alien Immigration Act anarchy immigration John Turner v. Williams Trial Turner, John Williams https://digital.lib.buffalo.edu/files/original/f87050b589d01baa103ed63d087f5814.jpg e919636a99016e1730ac219bea01a3b8 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Description An account of the resource Steam locomotive with smoke rising, passing under a bridge crowded with spectators. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Pan-American Exposition of 1901 Description An account of the resource The Pan-American Exposition was held in Buffalo, New York from May 1 to November 2, 1901. Buffalo was chosen as the location because of its size (at the time it was the eighth largest city in the U.S. with a population of approximately 350,000) and also because of its well suited railway connections. The grounds spread across 342 acres and were located between Delaware Park Lake to the south, the New York Central railroad track to the north, Delaware Avenue to the east, and Elmwood Avenue to the west. The Exposition included educational exhibits as well as a Midway. The educational exhibits showcased the latest advancements in technology, most notably electricity. A major feature was electric lighting which utilized hydroelectric power generated in nearby Niagara Falls. Many of the Exposition buildings, including the prominent Electric Tower, were covered in light-bulbs creating a beautiful and unprecedented sight. The Pan-American Exposition also hosted some of the top engine manufacturers of the time. These companies provided “working exhibits” that actually functioned in the day-to-day operation of the Exposition. The Midway at the Pan-American Exposition provided visitors with entertainment and consisted of more than 42 exhibits. Some of the main attractions of the Midway included the “House Upside Down,” “Cleopatra’s Temple”, and the “Foreign Villages.” The Pan-American Exposition is most widely known as the location of President McKinley’s assassination. On September 6, 1901, while in a receiving line at the Exposition’s Temple of Music, President McKinley was shot twice by anarchist, Leon Czolgosz. McKinley was taken to the Exposition’s hospital where he was operated on by a number of prominent Buffalo surgeons including Roswell Park. The President was then taken to the home of John Milburn, head of the Exposition’s Board of Directors, to recover. After his condition appeared to improve, McKinley eventually died on September 14, 1901 in the Milburn home due to infection and gangrene from the gun shot wounds. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context LIB-005 Subject The topic of the resource Pan-American Exposition (1901 : Buffalo, N.Y.) Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived State University of New York at Buffalo. University Archives Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available State University of New York at Buffalo. University Libraries Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Still Image A static visual representation. Examples of still images are: paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type "text" to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context LIB-005_0396 Is Part Of A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included. LIB-005 Pan-American Exposition of 1901. LIB-005 Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Memorial photographs, Photographic prints Title A name given to the resource Train Alternative Title An alternative name for the resource. The distinction between titles and alternative titles is application-specific. The President's Funeral Train Leaves Buffalo for Washington, D.C. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1901-09-16 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Undetermined Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Buffalo (N.Y.) Description An account of the resource Funeral train for McKinley departing from Buffalo. A steam locomotive travels along the tracks with smoke rising from its stack. Above the train, a large crowd stands on a bridge, watching as it passes beneath. Subject The topic of the resource McKinleyWilliam1843-1901 McKinleyWilliam-- 1843-1901 --Death & burial. Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="https://rightsstatements.org/page/NoC-US/1.0/">NO COPYRIGHT – UNITED STATES</a>. The organization that has made the Item available believes that the Item is in the Public Domain under the laws of the United States, but a determination was not made as to its copyright status under the copyright laws of other countries. The Item may not be in the Public Domain under the laws of other countries. Please refer to the organization that has made the Item available for more information. Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available State University of New York at Buffalo. University Libraries funeral McKinley, William train https://digital.lib.buffalo.edu/files/original/368ff12cc22b8e8e156b2cc0a27ac894.pdf 9f07ba63ec5bc3aea9c4e00810b1c9fa PDF Text Text Fireworks Tonight! 5c. Buffalo. N. Y. Thursday, Sept. 5, 1901. 5c. OFFICIAL DAILY PROGRAM Of The Pan-American Exposition Price Five Cents William McKinely, President of the United States PRESIDENT’S DAY. �Official Program. 2 Future Events Of Great Importance The Festival of Fruits and Flowers (Carnival Week) Monday, Sept. 30th, to Saturday, Oct. 5th. Floral Parade, Oct. 3rd; Baby Coach Parade, Oil- 1st. Entries free. Make entries early at the office of L. W. Buckley, Director of Amusements, Service Building. Gates open from 8 a. m. to 11 P. M. Exhibit Buildings open from 8:30 A. M. to 10 P. M. Fine Arts Building open from 8:30 A. M. to 6:30 p. m. U. S. Government Building open from 9 A. M. to 6 P. M. Elevator in Electric Tower runs from 9 A. M. to 10 P. M. Electric Fountain, North Bay, Park Lake, 8:15 t0 9:30 P. M. Illumination Electric Tower and Grounds at 7:30 P. M. Special Features For President’s Day. Page. President McKinley's Program for today, 3 and 4 Baud Concerts. 2, 7:30 and 8 p., 5, 6 and 7 Orchestra Concerts, 1 and 8 P. M., 5 and 7 Organ Recital, 4 P. M., 6 Display of Pain's Fireworks, 8:05 P. M., 8 and 9 Drill by U. S. Marines, 6:30 P. M., 10 Midway Attractions, 11 and 12 Pan-American Swine Show, 12 Special Exhibits, 13 Signaling by Heliograph, 11 A. M. 13 Wireless Telegraph Demonstration, 11 A. M. and 2 P. M., 13 U. S. Life-saving Service Exhibition, 2:30 P. M., 14 Tiffany Fountain, 8:15 P. M., 13 U. S. School Exhibits 10:30 A. M. to 5 P. M. 14 Sports for President's Day, 3 P. M., 14 Announcement of Future Sports, 44 Announcement of Special Days and Future Musical Events,15 Up-to-date Map of Exposition Groundsand Index to the Midway, 46 Women's retiring room, Railway Exhibit Building (Ry, Station) Stadium, near Mission Building. Day Nursery for children under three years of age at Hospital, near West Amherst Gate. Published by the Pan-American Program Co., Room 3, Gallery, Bazaar Building, Exposition Grounds. Frank P. Stockbridge, General Manager. Copyright, [illegible], by Pan- American program copyright: All rights reserved. Only complete and up-to-date trap of Exposition Grounds—see last page. �Official Program. 3 presidents day. Full Program Of President McKinley's Movements Today. 10 A. M. The President will leave the house of Hon. John G. Milburn, No. 1168 Delaware Avenue, and proceed to the Exposition grounds, with a mounted escort composed of the 4th Signal Corps, N.G. N. Y., and a detachment of mounted police. 10:10 A. M. The President and his party will arrive fit the Lincoln Parkway Gate, where they will be met by an escort under command of Brig.Gen. S. M. Welch, jr., commanding 4th Brigade, N. G. N. Y., and composed of the following troops: Two Companies, 14th U. S. Infantry, from Fort Porter, under command of Maj, Mann. One Company of U. S. Marines, under command of Capt. Leonard. U. S. Marine Band. 73d Company of U. S. Coast Artillery, under command of Capt. Wisser. 74th Regiment, N. G. N. Y. 65th Regiment, N. G., N. Y. 10:15 A. M. The President's Salute of 21 guns will be fired on the entrance of the President into the Exposition grounds, 10:25 A. M. The President will arrive at the special stand erected at the northwestern Pylon of the Triumphal Bridge at 1 0:25 On his ar rival the Marine Band, which will be stationed immediately next to the President's Stand, will play a selection. President Milburn will then introduce the President, who will deliver an address. 11:25 A. M. The President, accompanied by the Diplomatic Corps and speci ally invited guests in carriages, will proceed, escorted by the foot troops, to the Stadium. Only complete and up-to-date map of Exposition Grounds -see last page. �4 Official Program. Program For Presidents Day—Continued. 11:45 A. M. The procession will arrive at the Stadium at 11:45 and the President will immediately review the troops under the command of General Welch. 12:15 P. M. The President will proceed from the Stadium to the Canadian Building to meet the Canadian Commissioners and view the Cana­ dian exhibits. From there lie will proceed to the southeastern comer of the Agricultural Building, which will be closed to the public. On entering the Agricultural Building the resident will be received by such Foreign Commissioners as have no buildings of their own. The President will leave the Agricultural Building by the western entrance and then proceed to the foreign state buildings where he will be received by the Commissioners of Honduras, Cuba, Chili, Mexico, Dominican Republic, Porto Rico and Ecuador. 1:45 P. M. The President will arrive at the New York State Building where the New York State Commissioners will give a luncheon to the President and guests invited by the New York State Board. 3:15 P. M. The President, escorted as before, will proceed to the Government Building. The Government Building will be closed to the public and a reception will be given to the President and guests In vited by the Government Board of Managers. The ceremonies in the Government Building will be under the control of the Govern ment Board. 7:00 P. M. Carriages with mounted escort as before, will accompany the President, with Mrs. McKinley and party, from Mr. Milburn’s house to the Triumphal Bridge to see the lights turned on. 8:00 P. M. The Presidential party will proceed to the Life Saving Station, by way of the boat landing in front of the Art Gallery. The President will take a private boat at the Art Gallery landing and proceed to a landing that will be built in front of the Life Saving Station, The Life Saving Station will be reserved exclusively for rhe Presidential parry and distinguished guests. After the fireworks the President will be taken by private boat to the Art Gallery land ing and will then take his carriage, accompanied by the escort and proceed to Mr. Milburn’s house. Only complete and up-to-date map of Exposition Grounds —see last page. � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Pan-American Exposition of 1901 Description An account of the resource The Pan-American Exposition was held in Buffalo, New York from May 1 to November 2, 1901. Buffalo was chosen as the location because of its size (at the time it was the eighth largest city in the U.S. with a population of approximately 350,000) and also because of its well suited railway connections. The grounds spread across 342 acres and were located between Delaware Park Lake to the south, the New York Central railroad track to the north, Delaware Avenue to the east, and Elmwood Avenue to the west. The Exposition included educational exhibits as well as a Midway. The educational exhibits showcased the latest advancements in technology, most notably electricity. A major feature was electric lighting which utilized hydroelectric power generated in nearby Niagara Falls. Many of the Exposition buildings, including the prominent Electric Tower, were covered in light-bulbs creating a beautiful and unprecedented sight. The Pan-American Exposition also hosted some of the top engine manufacturers of the time. These companies provided “working exhibits” that actually functioned in the day-to-day operation of the Exposition. The Midway at the Pan-American Exposition provided visitors with entertainment and consisted of more than 42 exhibits. Some of the main attractions of the Midway included the “House Upside Down,” “Cleopatra’s Temple”, and the “Foreign Villages.” The Pan-American Exposition is most widely known as the location of President McKinley’s assassination. On September 6, 1901, while in a receiving line at the Exposition’s Temple of Music, President McKinley was shot twice by anarchist, Leon Czolgosz. McKinley was taken to the Exposition’s hospital where he was operated on by a number of prominent Buffalo surgeons including Roswell Park. The President was then taken to the home of John Milburn, head of the Exposition’s Board of Directors, to recover. After his condition appeared to improve, McKinley eventually died on September 14, 1901 in the Milburn home due to infection and gangrene from the gun shot wounds. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context LIB-005 Subject The topic of the resource Pan-American Exposition (1901 : Buffalo, N.Y.) Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived State University of New York at Buffalo. University Archives Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available State University of New York at Buffalo. University Libraries Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Document A resource containing textual data. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre text. Original Format If the image is of an object, state the type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data Program Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context LIB-005_0395 Is Part Of A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included. LIB-005 Pan-American Exposition of 1901. LIB-005 Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Programs Text Title A name given to the resource Official Daily Program of the Pan-American Exposition Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1901-09-05 Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Buffalo (N.Y.) Description An account of the resource Cover of Pan-American Exposition Program, page 1 (part 1 of 4) Subject The topic of the resource McKinleyWilliam1843-1901 Pan-American Exposition (1901 : Buffalo, N.Y.) Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="https://rightsstatements.org/page/NoC-US/1.0/">NO COPYRIGHT – UNITED STATES</a>. The organization that has made the Item available believes that the Item is in the Public Domain under the laws of the United States, but a determination was not made as to its copyright status under the copyright laws of other countries. The Item may not be in the Public Domain under the laws of other countries. Please refer to the organization that has made the Item available for more information. Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available State University of New York at Buffalo. University Libraries Pan-American Exposition program https://digital.lib.buffalo.edu/files/original/53c465fd281252ea8f204c1e3d8bdd04.pdf 08796c173ba2b709295c1b9f56909c07 PDF Text Text People v. Most. Misc.] 139 Court of Special Sessions, New York City, October, 1901. Excise Law. The consequences which follow the conviction of an employee are by no means so severe, and in such applications now before me no unusual facts are brought to my attention which would justify me in granting their applications, and they will be accordingly denied. Applications granted as to the proprietors, but denied as to the barkeepers and employees. Submit certificates accordingly. Ordered accordingly. The People of the State New York, Plaintiff, v. John Most, Defendant. of (Court of Special Sessions of the City of New York, First Division.) Misdemeanor — Publication of an anarchical article la an act endangering the peace and outraging public decency, within Penal Code, 675. The publication and distribution, through the mall and to a local news company, of a German newspaper, circulated In the city and county of New York, reproducing an article, headed In display type "Murder vs. Murder", originally written by another person fifty years ago against crowned heads, teaching the doctrine of anarchy and declaring that all rulers are enemies of mankind who should be hunted and destroyed through blood and iron, poison and dynamite, make the publisher of the newspaper guilty of a misdemeanor within Penal Code, 675, providing that " A person who wilfully and wrongful y commits any act- which seriously endangers the pub lic peace- or which openly outrages public decency, for which no other punishment is expressly prescribed by this code, is guilty of a misdemeanor” — and this although it be not shown that the publication of the article was followed by any overt act of physical injury to anyone. Moses Herman, Assistant District Attorney, for People. Hillquit & Hillquit, for defendant. �140 People v. Most. Court of Special Sessions, New York City, October, 1901. [Vol. 36. Hinsdale, J. When the men framed the Penal Code of the State of New York, they undertook to specify all the crimes known to the law, to state their character, whether felonies or misdemeanors, and provide a penalty in each class of crimes by naming a minimum and maximum penalty in most cases. The attempt to thus codify the criminal law was declared by many able jurists an impossible undertaking. It was argued that the system of laws called the common law was the accumulated wisdom of ages, that it was flexible and able to adapt itself to every new manifestation of crime that might appear, keeping within the spirit of established principles of justice, but always able to cope with any form of crime that might develop. That there was great force to this objection was felt by the codifiers and by all jurists. They knew the infirmity of language and the fallibility of the human intellect in undertaking to define in precise terms every crime. On the other hand, the common law of crimes was in many re spects overgrown with a multitude of precedents and decisions, and its roots ran back through so many centuries of time that it was only to be learned by wading through a mass of books so great that there was much difficulty in some cases in determining what was the common law. After framing 674 sections of the Penal Oode, specifying crimes and punishments as completely and fully as the codifiers were able to state them, they framed the 675th section, which contains these words: “A person who wilfully and wrongfully commits any act which seriously injures the person or property of another, or which seriously disturbs or endangers the public peace or health, or which openly outrages public decency, for which no other punish ment is expressly prescribed by this code, is guilty of a misde meanor.” The plain and obvious intent of this was to leave in the Code a little of the flexibility of the common law to meet cases which they had failed to specify in the preceding sections. That the words of this section are general is just what might be expected from the nature of the case. The purpose of the section is to try offenders for something not "expressly prescribed by this Code.” If the offense was one expressly prescribed by the Code, then clearly the offender must be tried under the section prescribing it. It is only offenses not prescribed in the Code that can be tried under this section. This section is the legislative mandate and �People v. Most. Misc.] 141 Court of Special Sessions, New York City, October, 1901. warrant for courts to look outside of all the other sections of the Code to discover offenses not specified in the Code. Otherwise the section is meaningless. It is fair to presume that the Legislature thought that crimes would crop up that would “seriously injure the person or property of another,” or “seriously disturb or en danger the public peace,” or “openly outrage public decency,” that were not mentioned in the body of the Code, and so this com mission was issued to the courts to explore such new fields of crime as they may appear from time to time. We are therefore brought face to face with the question whether the acts charged in the information in this case are criminal acts within the spirit and intent of this section. That the section is general in its words, and not specific, was a necessity of the pur pose of this enactment. That the crimes that come within the range of this law are comparatively new and novel to the law is to be expected. If it were otherwise they would have been specified in the body of the Code. The acts that might be committed to produce the results condemned by the section were not common acts then generally known to criminal laws. If the conditions of “injuries to persons or property,” or “serious disturbance and danger to the public peace,” or “openly outrage public decency” are found to exist, it then becomes the duty of courts to find the author of those conditions and punish him as the law directs. We hold that the teachings of the doctrine of anarchy “seriously disturb or endanger the public peace” and also “openly outrage public decency.” To give this construction to the law in no way abridges the liberty of conscience in matters of religion, nor the freedom of speech on all questions of government or of social life, nor does it in any way trespass upon the proper freedom of the press. The point and pith of the offense of anarchists is that they teach the doctrine that the pistol, the dagger and dynamite may be used to destroy rulers. The teaching of such horrid methods of reaching an end is the offense. It is poor satisfaction when one of their dupes has consummated the results of their teaching to catch him and visit upon him the consequences of his acts. The evil is untouched if we stop there. In this class of cases the courts and the public have too long overlooked the fact that crimes and offenses are committed by written or spoken words. We have been punishing offenders in other lines for words spoken or writ ten without waiting for an overt act of injury to persons or �142 People v. Most. Court of Special Sessions, New York City, October, 1901. [Vol. 36. prop The press is restrained by the law of libel from the too free erty. use of words. Individuals can be punished for words spoken or written, even though no overt act of physical injury follow. It is the power of words that is the potent force to commit crimes and offenses in certain cases. No more striking illustration of the criminal power of words could be given, if we are to believe the murderer of our late President, than that event presents. The assassin declares that he was instigated and stimulated to consum mate his foul deed by the teachings of Emma Goldman. He is now awaiting execution for the crime, while she is still at large in fancied security. A person may advocate any change of our gov ernment by lawful and peaceful means, or may criticise the con duct of its affairs and get as many people to agree with him as he can, so long as be does not advocate the commission of crime as the means through which he is to attain his end. If he advocates stealthy crime as the means of reaching his end he, by that act, commits a crime for which he can be punished. The distinction we have tried to point out has been too long overlooked. If our conclusions are sound, it is the teachers of the doctrine who can and ought to be punished. It is not necessary to trace and establish the connection between the teaching of anarchy and a particular crime of an overt nature. It is a strange spectacle in this age for a great nation to stand mute and paralyzed in the presence of teachers of crime that are advocated only for the purpose of destroying such nation, and it have no power to defend against such internal enemies. We do not believe the arm of the law is too short to reach those offenders against the life of the nation or too paralyzed to deal with them. The liberty of conscience, the freedom of speech, the freedom of the press, do not need such concessions to save to the fullest extent unimpaired those sacred rights of a free people. In the case at bar every fact stated in the information was con ceded on the trial. The article published in the newspaper called the Freiheit annexed to the information, was printed in the Ger man language, but the translation of it was admitted by the de fendent to be correct. It was also admitted that the paper was published and circulated in the city and county of New York, and that on the 7th day of September, 1901, the date of the issue containing the article in question, the defendant was the publisher of said newspaper. That the article was published and �People v. Most. Misc.] 143 Court of Special Sessions, New York City, October, 1901. circulated before the assault on the late President of the United States. It was contended that the defendant was not the author of said article, that the same was written and published by one Carl Heinzen about fifty years ago and was reprinted by the de fendant in the Freiheit, on March 14, 1885. That the defendant, John Most, as soon as he learned of the assault upon our late President, made all possible efforts to withdraw the newspaper containing the article in question from circulation. That, with the exception of those which had been sent through the mail and delivered to the International News Company, no more copies had been sold, so far as known to the defendant. It was also admitted that the copy of said newspaper attached to the information was purchased by the complainant from the International News Com pany. The article was the leading one on the editorial page of the paper, and it is headed “ Murder vs. Murder ” in display type. The article begins: “As Heinzen said, nearly fifty years ago (this is true even to-day), there are various technical expressions for the important manipulation by which one human being de stroys the life of another. These expressions are: ‘To kill, to destroy, to murder, to shoot, to slay, to poison, to put out of the world, deport to Cayenne, get out of the way, to behead, to strangle, to cut down, to be killed by the sword, to execute by shooting, to imprison for life, to execute, &c.’ The means, the pretext and the reasons are various, but the purpose is always the same. The destruction of a life that is hostile or a hin drance.It would be a senseless weakness to disguise by sentimental lamentations the frightful fact that the best means of historical development has been murder, and in fact murder in the most colossal shape, and this is still true.- Let murder be our study, murder in every form. In this one word lies more humanity than in all our theories.The despots are outlawed; they are in human society what the tiger is among animals; to spare them is a crime. As despots permit themselves everything, betrayal, poison, murder, etc., in the same way all this is to be employed against them. Yes, crime directed against them is not only right, but it is the duty of everyone who has an opportunity to commit it, and it would be a glory to him if it was successful. Only towards mankind is there a moral of consideration, the moral towards beasts is �144 People v. Most. Court of Special Sessions, New York City, October, 1901. [VoL 36. de ction.- Murder as a necessary defense is not only per stru missible but it is sometimes a duty towards society when it is di rected against a professional murderer.The way of human ity leads over the summit of barbarism. This is just the law of necessity dictated by reaction. We cannot get around it, as we do not wish to renounce the future. If we wish to design, we must also wish the means; if we wish the life of the peoples, we must wish for the death of their enemies; if we wish for humanity, we must wish for murder.- It would be quite a new war policy if, in the circus, the panther permitted the buffalo to prescribe to him that he should defend himself with horns against horns and that he should not immediately spring upon his back from behind. The buffalo militarism request that the revolutionists disarm to the skin, should march openly against him, after declaration of war, in optima, forma militari, with cannons and ammunition wagons, with cavalry and infantry, after the people had been dis armed. We do not suffer from such weakness; we say murder for murderers, save humanity through blood and iron, poison and dynamite.” The above are a few extracts from the translation of the article in question. It is impossible to read the whole article without deducing from it the doctrine that all rulers are enemies of man kind, and are to be hunted and destroyed through “blood and iron, poison and dynamite.” It is no answer to the evil and criminal nature of this article to claim that it was written for the purpose of destroying crowned heads. It inculcates and enforces the idea that murder is the proper remedy to be applied against rulers. The fact that it was published fifty years ago and again republished about fifteen years ago only emphasizes and gives added point to the criminality of republishing it at any time. It shows a delib erate intent to inculcate and promulgate the doctrine of the article. This we hold to be a criminal act It is not necessary to trace any connection in this article with the assassination of the late Presi dent. The offense here, in the eye of the law, is precisely the same as if that event had never occurred. The murder of the President only serves to illustrate and illuminate the enormity of the crime of the defendant in teaching his diabolical doctrines. Such articles and doctrines have no proper place in this free country. They stimulate the worst possible political ideas and passions, and carried to their logical conclusion would destroy �McCann v. Thilemann. Misc.] 145 Supreme Court, Appellate Term, October, 1901. the government. It was said by a distinguished English judge, in the celebrated Somerset slave case, that “No slave can breathe the free air of England.” It would be well if the laws of this country were such that it could be said truthfully, that no an archist can breathe the free air of America. Holbrook and Wyatt, JJ., concur. Peter McCann, Respondent, v. Frederick Thilemann et al., Appellants. (Supreme Court, Appellate Term, October, 1901.) Negligence— A mere licensee Injured while using a path— Erroneous refusal to charge as to the degree of care due him — When he as sumes the risks of the situation. A person, whose only right to use a path across a vacant unfenced city lot consists In the fact that the owner does not object to such use, Is a mere licensee to whom neither the owner nor those occupying under him owe any duty of active care and he is entitled merely to protection from wanton and willful injury. Where he sues city contractors, who are occupying the lot by per mission of the owner, to recover damages for Injuries which he sus tained by falling into a hole near the path, it is, therefore, erroneous for the court to refuse to charge, as requested by the contractors, "that the plaintiff has used this path by the mere gratuitous permis sion of the owner, and that he was obliged to take the path as he found It and could not hold the owner, or these defendants standing in the place of the owner, to the exercise of any care, ordinary or otherwise.” Where he is familiar with the dangers of the lot and is acquainted with the fact that the contractors use it as a place to anchor the guy ropes of derricks, which they move from time to time, and Is Injured, while attempting to use the path at night, by falling Into the hole, which he testifies was not there on the morning of the same day, he cannot recover damages of the contractors as he has assumed the risks of the situation and by his own conduct has contributed to his own injury. McCann v. Thilemann, 35 Misc. Rep. 885, reversed. 10 � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Pan-American Exposition of 1901 Description An account of the resource The Pan-American Exposition was held in Buffalo, New York from May 1 to November 2, 1901. Buffalo was chosen as the location because of its size (at the time it was the eighth largest city in the U.S. with a population of approximately 350,000) and also because of its well suited railway connections. The grounds spread across 342 acres and were located between Delaware Park Lake to the south, the New York Central railroad track to the north, Delaware Avenue to the east, and Elmwood Avenue to the west. The Exposition included educational exhibits as well as a Midway. The educational exhibits showcased the latest advancements in technology, most notably electricity. A major feature was electric lighting which utilized hydroelectric power generated in nearby Niagara Falls. Many of the Exposition buildings, including the prominent Electric Tower, were covered in light-bulbs creating a beautiful and unprecedented sight. The Pan-American Exposition also hosted some of the top engine manufacturers of the time. These companies provided “working exhibits” that actually functioned in the day-to-day operation of the Exposition. The Midway at the Pan-American Exposition provided visitors with entertainment and consisted of more than 42 exhibits. Some of the main attractions of the Midway included the “House Upside Down,” “Cleopatra’s Temple”, and the “Foreign Villages.” The Pan-American Exposition is most widely known as the location of President McKinley’s assassination. On September 6, 1901, while in a receiving line at the Exposition’s Temple of Music, President McKinley was shot twice by anarchist, Leon Czolgosz. McKinley was taken to the Exposition’s hospital where he was operated on by a number of prominent Buffalo surgeons including Roswell Park. The President was then taken to the home of John Milburn, head of the Exposition’s Board of Directors, to recover. After his condition appeared to improve, McKinley eventually died on September 14, 1901 in the Milburn home due to infection and gangrene from the gun shot wounds. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context LIB-005 Subject The topic of the resource Pan-American Exposition (1901 : Buffalo, N.Y.) Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived State University of New York at Buffalo. University Archives Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available State University of New York at Buffalo. University Libraries Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Document A resource containing textual data. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context LIB-005_0394 Is Part Of A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included. LIB-005 Pan-American Exposition of 1901. LIB-005 Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Clippings Title A name given to the resource Text of The People v. John Most, 1901. Alternative Title An alternative name for the resource. The distinction between titles and alternative titles is application-specific. The People of the State of New York, Plaintiff, v. John Most, Defendant Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived The Miscellaneous Reports. Cases Decided in the Courts of Record of the State of New York other than the Court of Appeals and the Appellate Division of the Supreme Court, .... Robert G. Scherer, Reporter. v. 36. Albany: James B. Lyon, Publisher, 1902, pp. 139-145. Subject The topic of the resource MostJohn Pan-American Exposition (1901 : Buffalo, N.Y.) Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="https://rightsstatements.org/page/NoC-US/1.0/">NO COPYRIGHT – UNITED STATES</a>. The organization that has made the Item available believes that the Item is in the Public Domain under the laws of the United States, but a determination was not made as to its copyright status under the copyright laws of other countries. The Item may not be in the Public Domain under the laws of other countries. Please refer to the organization that has made the Item available for more information. Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available State University of New York at Buffalo. University Libraries John Most https://digital.lib.buffalo.edu/files/original/b3d45df33e9164eb0f111a9c7fcfd3fb.jpg 005246a926139902680ea42336454eba Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Description An account of the resource Color portrait of a seated person in a dark suit shown in profile. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Pan-American Exposition of 1901 Description An account of the resource The Pan-American Exposition was held in Buffalo, New York from May 1 to November 2, 1901. Buffalo was chosen as the location because of its size (at the time it was the eighth largest city in the U.S. with a population of approximately 350,000) and also because of its well suited railway connections. The grounds spread across 342 acres and were located between Delaware Park Lake to the south, the New York Central railroad track to the north, Delaware Avenue to the east, and Elmwood Avenue to the west. The Exposition included educational exhibits as well as a Midway. The educational exhibits showcased the latest advancements in technology, most notably electricity. A major feature was electric lighting which utilized hydroelectric power generated in nearby Niagara Falls. Many of the Exposition buildings, including the prominent Electric Tower, were covered in light-bulbs creating a beautiful and unprecedented sight. The Pan-American Exposition also hosted some of the top engine manufacturers of the time. These companies provided “working exhibits” that actually functioned in the day-to-day operation of the Exposition. The Midway at the Pan-American Exposition provided visitors with entertainment and consisted of more than 42 exhibits. Some of the main attractions of the Midway included the “House Upside Down,” “Cleopatra’s Temple”, and the “Foreign Villages.” The Pan-American Exposition is most widely known as the location of President McKinley’s assassination. On September 6, 1901, while in a receiving line at the Exposition’s Temple of Music, President McKinley was shot twice by anarchist, Leon Czolgosz. McKinley was taken to the Exposition’s hospital where he was operated on by a number of prominent Buffalo surgeons including Roswell Park. The President was then taken to the home of John Milburn, head of the Exposition’s Board of Directors, to recover. After his condition appeared to improve, McKinley eventually died on September 14, 1901 in the Milburn home due to infection and gangrene from the gun shot wounds. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context LIB-005 Subject The topic of the resource Pan-American Exposition (1901 : Buffalo, N.Y.) Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived State University of New York at Buffalo. University Archives Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available State University of New York at Buffalo. University Libraries Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Still Image A static visual representation. Examples of still images are: paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type "text" to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context LIB-005_0393 Is Part Of A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included. LIB-005 Pan-American Exposition of 1901. LIB-005 Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Photographic prints, Portrait photographs Title A name given to the resource William McKinley Alternative Title An alternative name for the resource. The distinction between titles and alternative titles is application-specific. Portrait of William McKinley Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Men of Buffalo: A Collection of Portraits of Men Who Deserve to Rank as Typical Representatives of the Best Citizenship, Foremost Activities and Highest Aspirations of the City of Buffalo. Chicago: A.N. Marquis & Co., 1902, p. 390. Description An account of the resource A portrait of President William McKinley. A color portrait shows William McKinley in formal attire seated in profile. He is wearing a dark suit with a bow tie against a plain background. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Johnston, Frances Benjamin Subject The topic of the resource McKinleyWilliam1843-1901 Pan-American Exposition (1901 : Buffalo, N.Y.) Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="https://rightsstatements.org/page/NoC-US/1.0/">NO COPYRIGHT – UNITED STATES</a>. The organization that has made the Item available believes that the Item is in the Public Domain under the laws of the United States, but a determination was not made as to its copyright status under the copyright laws of other countries. The Item may not be in the Public Domain under the laws of other countries. Please refer to the organization that has made the Item available for more information. Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available State University of New York at Buffalo. University Libraries William McKinley https://digital.lib.buffalo.edu/files/original/b3bd4b235714c6825f1157451a8b235f.jpg 44f8efc6fd56b15af26918716028df80 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Description An account of the resource Oval portrait of an older person with a beard wearing a suit and tie. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Pan-American Exposition of 1901 Description An account of the resource The Pan-American Exposition was held in Buffalo, New York from May 1 to November 2, 1901. Buffalo was chosen as the location because of its size (at the time it was the eighth largest city in the U.S. with a population of approximately 350,000) and also because of its well suited railway connections. The grounds spread across 342 acres and were located between Delaware Park Lake to the south, the New York Central railroad track to the north, Delaware Avenue to the east, and Elmwood Avenue to the west. The Exposition included educational exhibits as well as a Midway. The educational exhibits showcased the latest advancements in technology, most notably electricity. A major feature was electric lighting which utilized hydroelectric power generated in nearby Niagara Falls. Many of the Exposition buildings, including the prominent Electric Tower, were covered in light-bulbs creating a beautiful and unprecedented sight. The Pan-American Exposition also hosted some of the top engine manufacturers of the time. These companies provided “working exhibits” that actually functioned in the day-to-day operation of the Exposition. The Midway at the Pan-American Exposition provided visitors with entertainment and consisted of more than 42 exhibits. Some of the main attractions of the Midway included the “House Upside Down,” “Cleopatra’s Temple”, and the “Foreign Villages.” The Pan-American Exposition is most widely known as the location of President McKinley’s assassination. On September 6, 1901, while in a receiving line at the Exposition’s Temple of Music, President McKinley was shot twice by anarchist, Leon Czolgosz. McKinley was taken to the Exposition’s hospital where he was operated on by a number of prominent Buffalo surgeons including Roswell Park. The President was then taken to the home of John Milburn, head of the Exposition’s Board of Directors, to recover. After his condition appeared to improve, McKinley eventually died on September 14, 1901 in the Milburn home due to infection and gangrene from the gun shot wounds. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context LIB-005 Subject The topic of the resource Pan-American Exposition (1901 : Buffalo, N.Y.) Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived State University of New York at Buffalo. University Archives Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available State University of New York at Buffalo. University Libraries Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Still Image A static visual representation. Examples of still images are: paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type "text" to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context LIB-005_0392 Is Part Of A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included. LIB-005 Pan-American Exposition of 1901. LIB-005 Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Portrait photographs Title A name given to the resource Herman Mynter, MD Alternative Title An alternative name for the resource. The distinction between titles and alternative titles is application-specific. Professor of Operative Surgery, University of Buffalo Subject The topic of the resource MynterHerman Description An account of the resource An oval black-and-white portrait depicts Herman Mynter with a full beard and mustache, dressed in a suit, shirt, and tie. The background is plain. Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="https://rightsstatements.org/page/NoC-US/1.0/">NO COPYRIGHT – UNITED STATES</a>. The organization that has made the Item available believes that the Item is in the Public Domain under the laws of the United States, but a determination was not made as to its copyright status under the copyright laws of other countries. The Item may not be in the Public Domain under the laws of other countries. Please refer to the organization that has made the Item available for more information. Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available State University of New York at Buffalo. University Libraries Herman Mynter https://digital.lib.buffalo.edu/files/original/d0668302b09ebcf12a4aa98d79a09e89.jpg fbd1f5bda1cd961396f97a3612e209c2 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Description An account of the resource Group gathered indoors around a flag-draped coffin with floral arrangements. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Pan-American Exposition of 1901 Description An account of the resource The Pan-American Exposition was held in Buffalo, New York from May 1 to November 2, 1901. Buffalo was chosen as the location because of its size (at the time it was the eighth largest city in the U.S. with a population of approximately 350,000) and also because of its well suited railway connections. The grounds spread across 342 acres and were located between Delaware Park Lake to the south, the New York Central railroad track to the north, Delaware Avenue to the east, and Elmwood Avenue to the west. The Exposition included educational exhibits as well as a Midway. The educational exhibits showcased the latest advancements in technology, most notably electricity. A major feature was electric lighting which utilized hydroelectric power generated in nearby Niagara Falls. Many of the Exposition buildings, including the prominent Electric Tower, were covered in light-bulbs creating a beautiful and unprecedented sight. The Pan-American Exposition also hosted some of the top engine manufacturers of the time. These companies provided “working exhibits” that actually functioned in the day-to-day operation of the Exposition. The Midway at the Pan-American Exposition provided visitors with entertainment and consisted of more than 42 exhibits. Some of the main attractions of the Midway included the “House Upside Down,” “Cleopatra’s Temple”, and the “Foreign Villages.” The Pan-American Exposition is most widely known as the location of President McKinley’s assassination. On September 6, 1901, while in a receiving line at the Exposition’s Temple of Music, President McKinley was shot twice by anarchist, Leon Czolgosz. McKinley was taken to the Exposition’s hospital where he was operated on by a number of prominent Buffalo surgeons including Roswell Park. The President was then taken to the home of John Milburn, head of the Exposition’s Board of Directors, to recover. After his condition appeared to improve, McKinley eventually died on September 14, 1901 in the Milburn home due to infection and gangrene from the gun shot wounds. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context LIB-005 Subject The topic of the resource Pan-American Exposition (1901 : Buffalo, N.Y.) Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived State University of New York at Buffalo. University Archives Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available State University of New York at Buffalo. University Libraries Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Still Image A static visual representation. Examples of still images are: paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type "text" to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context LIB-005_0391 Is Part Of A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included. LIB-005 Pan-American Exposition of 1901. LIB-005 Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Portrait photographs Title A name given to the resource Matthew D. Mann, M.D. Alternative Title An alternative name for the resource. The distinction between titles and alternative titles is application-specific. Physician and Surgeon Professor of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Buffalo Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1902 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Men of Buffalo: A Collection of Portraits of Men Who Deserve to Rank as Typical Representatives of the Best Citizenship, Foremost Activities and Highest Aspirations of the City of Buffalo. Chicago: A.N. Marquis & Co., 1902, p. 377. Description An account of the resource The surgeon who operated on McKinley after he was shot. An indoor scene shows a group of people gathered around a coffin draped with a U.S. flag and adorned with floral arrangements. Some individuals are standing in uniform while others are in formal attire. Subject The topic of the resource MannMatthew D. McKinleyWilliam--1843-1901 -- Assassination. Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="https://rightsstatements.org/page/NoC-US/1.0/">NO COPYRIGHT – UNITED STATES</a>. The organization that has made the Item available believes that the Item is in the Public Domain under the laws of the United States, but a determination was not made as to its copyright status under the copyright laws of other countries. The Item may not be in the Public Domain under the laws of other countries. Please refer to the organization that has made the Item available for more information. Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available State University of New York at Buffalo. University Libraries doctor Mann, Matthew D. Physician Surgeon https://digital.lib.buffalo.edu/files/original/4ddfd86de380e662fa21091917b9a129.jpg 0978ddb79483acd10070d08c46f42d58 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Description An account of the resource Illustration of a person collapsing in a crowd of formally dressed people indoors. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Pan-American Exposition of 1901 Description An account of the resource The Pan-American Exposition was held in Buffalo, New York from May 1 to November 2, 1901. Buffalo was chosen as the location because of its size (at the time it was the eighth largest city in the U.S. with a population of approximately 350,000) and also because of its well suited railway connections. The grounds spread across 342 acres and were located between Delaware Park Lake to the south, the New York Central railroad track to the north, Delaware Avenue to the east, and Elmwood Avenue to the west. The Exposition included educational exhibits as well as a Midway. The educational exhibits showcased the latest advancements in technology, most notably electricity. A major feature was electric lighting which utilized hydroelectric power generated in nearby Niagara Falls. Many of the Exposition buildings, including the prominent Electric Tower, were covered in light-bulbs creating a beautiful and unprecedented sight. The Pan-American Exposition also hosted some of the top engine manufacturers of the time. These companies provided “working exhibits” that actually functioned in the day-to-day operation of the Exposition. The Midway at the Pan-American Exposition provided visitors with entertainment and consisted of more than 42 exhibits. Some of the main attractions of the Midway included the “House Upside Down,” “Cleopatra’s Temple”, and the “Foreign Villages.” The Pan-American Exposition is most widely known as the location of President McKinley’s assassination. On September 6, 1901, while in a receiving line at the Exposition’s Temple of Music, President McKinley was shot twice by anarchist, Leon Czolgosz. McKinley was taken to the Exposition’s hospital where he was operated on by a number of prominent Buffalo surgeons including Roswell Park. The President was then taken to the home of John Milburn, head of the Exposition’s Board of Directors, to recover. After his condition appeared to improve, McKinley eventually died on September 14, 1901 in the Milburn home due to infection and gangrene from the gun shot wounds. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context LIB-005 Subject The topic of the resource Pan-American Exposition (1901 : Buffalo, N.Y.) Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived State University of New York at Buffalo. University Archives Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available State University of New York at Buffalo. University Libraries Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Still Image A static visual representation. Examples of still images are: paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type "text" to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context LIB-005_0390 Is Part Of A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included. LIB-005 Pan-American Exposition of 1901. LIB-005 Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Memorial photographs, Photographic prints Title A name given to the resource Lying in State Alternative Title An alternative name for the resource. The distinction between titles and alternative titles is application-specific. McKinley Lying in State in Buffalo City Hall Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1901-09-15 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Buffalo Times, September 22, 1901. Photograph from the collection of the Buffalo and Erie County Historical Society. Also reproduced in Thomas E. Leary and Elizabeth C. Sholes, Buffalo's Pan-American Exposition, Charleston, S.C. : Arcadia Press, 1998, p. 121. Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Buffalo (N.Y.) Description An account of the resource Photograph of McKinley's casket in Buffalo City Hall. An illustration depicts a crowded indoor scene with a group of people in formal attire. At the center, one person appears to be collapsing or being supported by others, while individuals around them react. Large floral arrangements and draped fabric are visible in the background. Subject The topic of the resource McKinleyWilliam1843-1901 McKinleyWilliam-- 1843-1901 --Death & burial. Buffalo City Hall (Buffalo, N.Y.) Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="https://rightsstatements.org/page/NoC-US/1.0/">NO COPYRIGHT – UNITED STATES</a>. The organization that has made the Item available believes that the Item is in the Public Domain under the laws of the United States, but a determination was not made as to its copyright status under the copyright laws of other countries. The Item may not be in the Public Domain under the laws of other countries. Please refer to the organization that has made the Item available for more information. Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available State University of New York at Buffalo. University Libraries Casket City Hall funeral McKinley, William memorial https://digital.lib.buffalo.edu/files/original/cbfd04b9c0c2ae5d0dec9cd21b22ca1f.jpg 9d264fbeb4a4e72393d655b549c0546a Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Description An account of the resource Group portrait of ten people in suits arranged in rows. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Pan-American Exposition of 1901 Description An account of the resource The Pan-American Exposition was held in Buffalo, New York from May 1 to November 2, 1901. Buffalo was chosen as the location because of its size (at the time it was the eighth largest city in the U.S. with a population of approximately 350,000) and also because of its well suited railway connections. The grounds spread across 342 acres and were located between Delaware Park Lake to the south, the New York Central railroad track to the north, Delaware Avenue to the east, and Elmwood Avenue to the west. The Exposition included educational exhibits as well as a Midway. The educational exhibits showcased the latest advancements in technology, most notably electricity. A major feature was electric lighting which utilized hydroelectric power generated in nearby Niagara Falls. Many of the Exposition buildings, including the prominent Electric Tower, were covered in light-bulbs creating a beautiful and unprecedented sight. The Pan-American Exposition also hosted some of the top engine manufacturers of the time. These companies provided “working exhibits” that actually functioned in the day-to-day operation of the Exposition. The Midway at the Pan-American Exposition provided visitors with entertainment and consisted of more than 42 exhibits. Some of the main attractions of the Midway included the “House Upside Down,” “Cleopatra’s Temple”, and the “Foreign Villages.” The Pan-American Exposition is most widely known as the location of President McKinley’s assassination. On September 6, 1901, while in a receiving line at the Exposition’s Temple of Music, President McKinley was shot twice by anarchist, Leon Czolgosz. McKinley was taken to the Exposition’s hospital where he was operated on by a number of prominent Buffalo surgeons including Roswell Park. The President was then taken to the home of John Milburn, head of the Exposition’s Board of Directors, to recover. After his condition appeared to improve, McKinley eventually died on September 14, 1901 in the Milburn home due to infection and gangrene from the gun shot wounds. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context LIB-005 Subject The topic of the resource Pan-American Exposition (1901 : Buffalo, N.Y.) Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived State University of New York at Buffalo. University Archives Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available State University of New York at Buffalo. University Libraries Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Still Image A static visual representation. Examples of still images are: paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type "text" to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context LIB-005_0388 Is Part Of A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included. LIB-005 Pan-American Exposition of 1901. LIB-005 Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Photographic prints Title A name given to the resource Jury Alternative Title An alternative name for the resource. The distinction between titles and alternative titles is application-specific. The jury for the trial of Czolgosz Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1901-10-13 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Buffalo Express Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Buffalo [NY] Description An account of the resource A photograph of the jury for Czolgosz's trial. A formal group portrait shows ten individuals arranged in three rows, all dressed in suits. Some are seated in the front while others stand behind against a plain backdrop. Subject The topic of the resource McKinleyWilliam--1843-1901 -- Assassination. Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="https://rightsstatements.org/page/NoC-US/1.0/">NO COPYRIGHT – UNITED STATES</a>. The organization that has made the Item available believes that the Item is in the Public Domain under the laws of the United States, but a determination was not made as to its copyright status under the copyright laws of other countries. The Item may not be in the Public Domain under the laws of other countries. Please refer to the organization that has made the Item available for more information. Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available State University of New York at Buffalo. University Libraries Czolgosz, Leon jury Trial https://digital.lib.buffalo.edu/files/original/b172604a45b8e2aeca4796e881a6c2ae.jpg fc178a8f56f60fa164053a3feb559168 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Description An account of the resource Horse-drawn hearse with people lined up on a wet street in front of a large building. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Pan-American Exposition of 1901 Description An account of the resource The Pan-American Exposition was held in Buffalo, New York from May 1 to November 2, 1901. Buffalo was chosen as the location because of its size (at the time it was the eighth largest city in the U.S. with a population of approximately 350,000) and also because of its well suited railway connections. The grounds spread across 342 acres and were located between Delaware Park Lake to the south, the New York Central railroad track to the north, Delaware Avenue to the east, and Elmwood Avenue to the west. The Exposition included educational exhibits as well as a Midway. The educational exhibits showcased the latest advancements in technology, most notably electricity. A major feature was electric lighting which utilized hydroelectric power generated in nearby Niagara Falls. Many of the Exposition buildings, including the prominent Electric Tower, were covered in light-bulbs creating a beautiful and unprecedented sight. The Pan-American Exposition also hosted some of the top engine manufacturers of the time. These companies provided “working exhibits” that actually functioned in the day-to-day operation of the Exposition. The Midway at the Pan-American Exposition provided visitors with entertainment and consisted of more than 42 exhibits. Some of the main attractions of the Midway included the “House Upside Down,” “Cleopatra’s Temple”, and the “Foreign Villages.” The Pan-American Exposition is most widely known as the location of President McKinley’s assassination. On September 6, 1901, while in a receiving line at the Exposition’s Temple of Music, President McKinley was shot twice by anarchist, Leon Czolgosz. McKinley was taken to the Exposition’s hospital where he was operated on by a number of prominent Buffalo surgeons including Roswell Park. The President was then taken to the home of John Milburn, head of the Exposition’s Board of Directors, to recover. After his condition appeared to improve, McKinley eventually died on September 14, 1901 in the Milburn home due to infection and gangrene from the gun shot wounds. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context LIB-005 Subject The topic of the resource Pan-American Exposition (1901 : Buffalo, N.Y.) Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived State University of New York at Buffalo. University Archives Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available State University of New York at Buffalo. University Libraries Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Still Image A static visual representation. Examples of still images are: paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type "text" to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context LIB-005_0387 Is Part Of A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included. LIB-005 Pan-American Exposition of 1901. LIB-005 Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Memorial photographs, Photographic prints Title A name given to the resource Hearse Alternative Title An alternative name for the resource. The distinction between titles and alternative titles is application-specific. Taking the casket from the hearse in front of the City Hall, Buffalo Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1901 Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Buffalo [NY] Description An account of the resource A photo showing McKinley's hearse arriving at City Hall, and the casket being taken out. A street scene shows a horse-drawn hearse in front of a large building, with a line of people standing nearby. Crowds extend into the background, and the street appears wet, reflecting the buildings and figures. Subject The topic of the resource McKinleyWilliam1843-1901 McKinleyWilliam-- 1843-1901 --Death & burial. Buffalo City Hall (Buffalo, N.Y.) Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="https://rightsstatements.org/page/NoC-US/1.0/">NO COPYRIGHT – UNITED STATES</a>. The organization that has made the Item available believes that the Item is in the Public Domain under the laws of the United States, but a determination was not made as to its copyright status under the copyright laws of other countries. The Item may not be in the Public Domain under the laws of other countries. Please refer to the organization that has made the Item available for more information. Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available State University of New York at Buffalo. University Libraries Casket City Hall hearse McKinley, William memorial https://digital.lib.buffalo.edu/files/original/ad237936ced2d1e2be0f01708d61549b.jpg c0a85bbca2cd45069a56ea86e6504907 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Description An account of the resource Illustration of a nighttime street scene with gunfire and people fleeing in chaos. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Pan-American Exposition of 1901 Description An account of the resource The Pan-American Exposition was held in Buffalo, New York from May 1 to November 2, 1901. Buffalo was chosen as the location because of its size (at the time it was the eighth largest city in the U.S. with a population of approximately 350,000) and also because of its well suited railway connections. The grounds spread across 342 acres and were located between Delaware Park Lake to the south, the New York Central railroad track to the north, Delaware Avenue to the east, and Elmwood Avenue to the west. The Exposition included educational exhibits as well as a Midway. The educational exhibits showcased the latest advancements in technology, most notably electricity. A major feature was electric lighting which utilized hydroelectric power generated in nearby Niagara Falls. Many of the Exposition buildings, including the prominent Electric Tower, were covered in light-bulbs creating a beautiful and unprecedented sight. The Pan-American Exposition also hosted some of the top engine manufacturers of the time. These companies provided “working exhibits” that actually functioned in the day-to-day operation of the Exposition. The Midway at the Pan-American Exposition provided visitors with entertainment and consisted of more than 42 exhibits. Some of the main attractions of the Midway included the “House Upside Down,” “Cleopatra’s Temple”, and the “Foreign Villages.” The Pan-American Exposition is most widely known as the location of President McKinley’s assassination. On September 6, 1901, while in a receiving line at the Exposition’s Temple of Music, President McKinley was shot twice by anarchist, Leon Czolgosz. McKinley was taken to the Exposition’s hospital where he was operated on by a number of prominent Buffalo surgeons including Roswell Park. The President was then taken to the home of John Milburn, head of the Exposition’s Board of Directors, to recover. After his condition appeared to improve, McKinley eventually died on September 14, 1901 in the Milburn home due to infection and gangrene from the gun shot wounds. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context LIB-005 Subject The topic of the resource Pan-American Exposition (1901 : Buffalo, N.Y.) Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived State University of New York at Buffalo. University Archives Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available State University of New York at Buffalo. University Libraries Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Still Image A static visual representation. Examples of still images are: paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type "text" to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context LIB-005_0386 Is Part Of A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included. LIB-005 Pan-American Exposition of 1901. LIB-005 Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Book illustrations Title A name given to the resource Riot in Haymarket Square Alternative Title An alternative name for the resource. The distinction between titles and alternative titles is application-specific. The police followed the retreating anarchists and sent deadly volleys into their midst Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1886 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived History of the Chicago Police, Municipal Reference Collection- Chicago Public Library Description An account of the resource An illustration of the riot in Haymarket Square, Chicago. An illustration depicts a chaotic nighttime scene with people running and falling in the street amid bright flashes of gunfire. Buildings line the background, and uniformed figures are visible among the crowd. Subject The topic of the resource Haymarket Square RiotChicagoIll.1886 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="https://rightsstatements.org/page/NoC-US/1.0/">NO COPYRIGHT – UNITED STATES</a>. The organization that has made the Item available believes that the Item is in the Public Domain under the laws of the United States, but a determination was not made as to its copyright status under the copyright laws of other countries. The Item may not be in the Public Domain under the laws of other countries. Please refer to the organization that has made the Item available for more information. Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available State University of New York at Buffalo. University Libraries anarchists Chicago Haymarket Square police protest riot https://digital.lib.buffalo.edu/files/original/b0233444e53ed1420a311f5943d99346.jpg e079cc60cf347af12b6156cae56caf44 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Description An account of the resource Illustration of police on horseback and in a patrol wagon moving through a crowd, with inset scenes above. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Pan-American Exposition of 1901 Description An account of the resource The Pan-American Exposition was held in Buffalo, New York from May 1 to November 2, 1901. Buffalo was chosen as the location because of its size (at the time it was the eighth largest city in the U.S. with a population of approximately 350,000) and also because of its well suited railway connections. The grounds spread across 342 acres and were located between Delaware Park Lake to the south, the New York Central railroad track to the north, Delaware Avenue to the east, and Elmwood Avenue to the west. The Exposition included educational exhibits as well as a Midway. The educational exhibits showcased the latest advancements in technology, most notably electricity. A major feature was electric lighting which utilized hydroelectric power generated in nearby Niagara Falls. Many of the Exposition buildings, including the prominent Electric Tower, were covered in light-bulbs creating a beautiful and unprecedented sight. The Pan-American Exposition also hosted some of the top engine manufacturers of the time. These companies provided “working exhibits” that actually functioned in the day-to-day operation of the Exposition. The Midway at the Pan-American Exposition provided visitors with entertainment and consisted of more than 42 exhibits. Some of the main attractions of the Midway included the “House Upside Down,” “Cleopatra’s Temple”, and the “Foreign Villages.” The Pan-American Exposition is most widely known as the location of President McKinley’s assassination. On September 6, 1901, while in a receiving line at the Exposition’s Temple of Music, President McKinley was shot twice by anarchist, Leon Czolgosz. McKinley was taken to the Exposition’s hospital where he was operated on by a number of prominent Buffalo surgeons including Roswell Park. The President was then taken to the home of John Milburn, head of the Exposition’s Board of Directors, to recover. After his condition appeared to improve, McKinley eventually died on September 14, 1901 in the Milburn home due to infection and gangrene from the gun shot wounds. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context LIB-005 Subject The topic of the resource Pan-American Exposition (1901 : Buffalo, N.Y.) Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived State University of New York at Buffalo. University Archives Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available State University of New York at Buffalo. University Libraries Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Still Image A static visual representation. Examples of still images are: paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type "text" to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context LIB-005_0385 Is Part Of A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included. LIB-005 Pan-American Exposition of 1901. LIB-005 Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Book illustrations Title A name given to the resource Haymarket Riot Illustration Alternative Title An alternative name for the resource. The distinction between titles and alternative titles is application-specific. The Haymarket Square Riot, depicted by a contemporary illustrator. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1890 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived George N. McLean. The Rise and Fall of Anarchy in America. Chicago: R.G. Badoux & Co., 1890, p. [89]. Description An account of the resource An illustration of the riot in Haymarket Square, Chicago. An illustration shows a busy scene with police officers on horseback and in a wagon labeled “Police Patrol” moving through a crowd. Smaller inset panels at the top depict additional views of groups of people and buildings. Subject The topic of the resource Haymarket Square RiotChicagoIll.1886 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="https://rightsstatements.org/page/NoC-US/1.0/">NO COPYRIGHT – UNITED STATES</a>. The organization that has made the Item available believes that the Item is in the Public Domain under the laws of the United States, but a determination was not made as to its copyright status under the copyright laws of other countries. The Item may not be in the Public Domain under the laws of other countries. Please refer to the organization that has made the Item available for more information. Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available State University of New York at Buffalo. University Libraries anarchists Chicago Haymarket Square police protest riot https://digital.lib.buffalo.edu/files/original/d8abf209d44176a37e761293d92b3246.jpg b4cd96c051dfa88aca731cba681be23b Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Description An account of the resource Revolver with bullets displayed around it. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Pan-American Exposition of 1901 Description An account of the resource The Pan-American Exposition was held in Buffalo, New York from May 1 to November 2, 1901. Buffalo was chosen as the location because of its size (at the time it was the eighth largest city in the U.S. with a population of approximately 350,000) and also because of its well suited railway connections. The grounds spread across 342 acres and were located between Delaware Park Lake to the south, the New York Central railroad track to the north, Delaware Avenue to the east, and Elmwood Avenue to the west. The Exposition included educational exhibits as well as a Midway. The educational exhibits showcased the latest advancements in technology, most notably electricity. A major feature was electric lighting which utilized hydroelectric power generated in nearby Niagara Falls. Many of the Exposition buildings, including the prominent Electric Tower, were covered in light-bulbs creating a beautiful and unprecedented sight. The Pan-American Exposition also hosted some of the top engine manufacturers of the time. These companies provided “working exhibits” that actually functioned in the day-to-day operation of the Exposition. The Midway at the Pan-American Exposition provided visitors with entertainment and consisted of more than 42 exhibits. Some of the main attractions of the Midway included the “House Upside Down,” “Cleopatra’s Temple”, and the “Foreign Villages.” The Pan-American Exposition is most widely known as the location of President McKinley’s assassination. On September 6, 1901, while in a receiving line at the Exposition’s Temple of Music, President McKinley was shot twice by anarchist, Leon Czolgosz. McKinley was taken to the Exposition’s hospital where he was operated on by a number of prominent Buffalo surgeons including Roswell Park. The President was then taken to the home of John Milburn, head of the Exposition’s Board of Directors, to recover. After his condition appeared to improve, McKinley eventually died on September 14, 1901 in the Milburn home due to infection and gangrene from the gun shot wounds. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context LIB-005 Subject The topic of the resource Pan-American Exposition (1901 : Buffalo, N.Y.) Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived State University of New York at Buffalo. University Archives Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available State University of New York at Buffalo. University Libraries Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Still Image A static visual representation. Examples of still images are: paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type "text" to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context LIB-005_0384 Is Part Of A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included. LIB-005 Pan-American Exposition of 1901. LIB-005 Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Photographic prints Title A name given to the resource Gun Alternative Title An alternative name for the resource. The distinction between titles and alternative titles is application-specific. The gun from the McKinley assassination Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1901 Subject The topic of the resource Gun McKinleyWilliam--1843-1901 -- Assassination. Description An account of the resource A photograph of the gun used by Czolgosz in the McKinley assassination. A revolver is displayed alongside several bullets arranged around it. The firearm is shown from the side, with the cylinder and trigger visible. Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="https://rightsstatements.org/page/NoC-US/1.0/">NO COPYRIGHT – UNITED STATES</a>. The organization that has made the Item available believes that the Item is in the Public Domain under the laws of the United States, but a determination was not made as to its copyright status under the copyright laws of other countries. The Item may not be in the Public Domain under the laws of other countries. Please refer to the organization that has made the Item available for more information. Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available State University of New York at Buffalo. University Libraries assassination Czolgosz, Leon gun McKinley, William weapon https://digital.lib.buffalo.edu/files/original/f1bd506bbd78396ce1de698834884fe8.jpg 188aea114a059f242f69f9bfe6b6b580 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Description An account of the resource Mugshot with profile and front-facing views of an individual wearing glasses. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Pan-American Exposition of 1901 Description An account of the resource The Pan-American Exposition was held in Buffalo, New York from May 1 to November 2, 1901. Buffalo was chosen as the location because of its size (at the time it was the eighth largest city in the U.S. with a population of approximately 350,000) and also because of its well suited railway connections. The grounds spread across 342 acres and were located between Delaware Park Lake to the south, the New York Central railroad track to the north, Delaware Avenue to the east, and Elmwood Avenue to the west. The Exposition included educational exhibits as well as a Midway. The educational exhibits showcased the latest advancements in technology, most notably electricity. A major feature was electric lighting which utilized hydroelectric power generated in nearby Niagara Falls. Many of the Exposition buildings, including the prominent Electric Tower, were covered in light-bulbs creating a beautiful and unprecedented sight. The Pan-American Exposition also hosted some of the top engine manufacturers of the time. These companies provided “working exhibits” that actually functioned in the day-to-day operation of the Exposition. The Midway at the Pan-American Exposition provided visitors with entertainment and consisted of more than 42 exhibits. Some of the main attractions of the Midway included the “House Upside Down,” “Cleopatra’s Temple”, and the “Foreign Villages.” The Pan-American Exposition is most widely known as the location of President McKinley’s assassination. On September 6, 1901, while in a receiving line at the Exposition’s Temple of Music, President McKinley was shot twice by anarchist, Leon Czolgosz. McKinley was taken to the Exposition’s hospital where he was operated on by a number of prominent Buffalo surgeons including Roswell Park. The President was then taken to the home of John Milburn, head of the Exposition’s Board of Directors, to recover. After his condition appeared to improve, McKinley eventually died on September 14, 1901 in the Milburn home due to infection and gangrene from the gun shot wounds. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context LIB-005 Subject The topic of the resource Pan-American Exposition (1901 : Buffalo, N.Y.) Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived State University of New York at Buffalo. University Archives Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available State University of New York at Buffalo. University Libraries Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Still Image A static visual representation. Examples of still images are: paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type "text" to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context LIB-005_0383 Is Part Of A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included. LIB-005 Pan-American Exposition of 1901. LIB-005 Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Photographic prints Title A name given to the resource Goldman Mugshot Alternative Title An alternative name for the resource. The distinction between titles and alternative titles is application-specific. Emma Goldman - Arrested in Chicago Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1901-09-10 Description An account of the resource A mug shot of Emma Goldman after an arrest in Chicago. A black-and-white mugshot-style photograph shows two views of the same individual. One is a side profile, and the other is a front-facing portrait. The person is wearing glasses and a high-collared garment, with identification numbers visible. Subject The topic of the resource GoldmanEmma1869-1940 Haymarket Square RiotChicagoIll.1886 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="https://rightsstatements.org/page/NoC-US/1.0/">NO COPYRIGHT – UNITED STATES</a>. The organization that has made the Item available believes that the Item is in the Public Domain under the laws of the United States, but a determination was not made as to its copyright status under the copyright laws of other countries. The Item may not be in the Public Domain under the laws of other countries. Please refer to the organization that has made the Item available for more information. Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available State University of New York at Buffalo. University Libraries anarchist arrest Goldman, Emma mug shot https://digital.lib.buffalo.edu/files/original/ef7055fa1d53ff075d8e74959895c1f6.jpg eaa744360184d71fd3851f6011ddcf81 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Description An account of the resource Portrait of a person wearing glasses and a wide-brimmed hat. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Pan-American Exposition of 1901 Description An account of the resource The Pan-American Exposition was held in Buffalo, New York from May 1 to November 2, 1901. Buffalo was chosen as the location because of its size (at the time it was the eighth largest city in the U.S. with a population of approximately 350,000) and also because of its well suited railway connections. The grounds spread across 342 acres and were located between Delaware Park Lake to the south, the New York Central railroad track to the north, Delaware Avenue to the east, and Elmwood Avenue to the west. The Exposition included educational exhibits as well as a Midway. The educational exhibits showcased the latest advancements in technology, most notably electricity. A major feature was electric lighting which utilized hydroelectric power generated in nearby Niagara Falls. Many of the Exposition buildings, including the prominent Electric Tower, were covered in light-bulbs creating a beautiful and unprecedented sight. The Pan-American Exposition also hosted some of the top engine manufacturers of the time. These companies provided “working exhibits” that actually functioned in the day-to-day operation of the Exposition. The Midway at the Pan-American Exposition provided visitors with entertainment and consisted of more than 42 exhibits. Some of the main attractions of the Midway included the “House Upside Down,” “Cleopatra’s Temple”, and the “Foreign Villages.” The Pan-American Exposition is most widely known as the location of President McKinley’s assassination. On September 6, 1901, while in a receiving line at the Exposition’s Temple of Music, President McKinley was shot twice by anarchist, Leon Czolgosz. McKinley was taken to the Exposition’s hospital where he was operated on by a number of prominent Buffalo surgeons including Roswell Park. The President was then taken to the home of John Milburn, head of the Exposition’s Board of Directors, to recover. After his condition appeared to improve, McKinley eventually died on September 14, 1901 in the Milburn home due to infection and gangrene from the gun shot wounds. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context LIB-005 Subject The topic of the resource Pan-American Exposition (1901 : Buffalo, N.Y.) Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived State University of New York at Buffalo. University Archives Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available State University of New York at Buffalo. University Libraries Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Still Image A static visual representation. Examples of still images are: paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type "text" to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context LIB-005_0382 Is Part Of A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included. LIB-005 Pan-American Exposition of 1901. LIB-005 Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Portrait photographs Title A name given to the resource Emma Goldman Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Kajiwara, T. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1910 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Anarchism and Other Essays. New York, Mother Earth Publ. Association, 1910. Frontispiece. Description An account of the resource A photograph of Emma Goldman, anarchist from the turn of the 20th century. A black-and-white portrait shows Emma Goldman wearing glasses and a wide-brimmed hat. She is dressed in a dark garment with a high neckline, facing the camera directly. Subject The topic of the resource GoldmanEmma1869-1940 Haymarket Square RiotChicagoIll.1886 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="https://rightsstatements.org/page/NoC-US/1.0/">NO COPYRIGHT – UNITED STATES</a>. The organization that has made the Item available believes that the Item is in the Public Domain under the laws of the United States, but a determination was not made as to its copyright status under the copyright laws of other countries. The Item may not be in the Public Domain under the laws of other countries. Please refer to the organization that has made the Item available for more information. Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available State University of New York at Buffalo. University Libraries anarchist Goldman, Emma https://digital.lib.buffalo.edu/files/original/58bee7e44bab06f69d9029f29850fcf8.jpg 8ecd1aed457578ce1d98881cd1369a68 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Description An account of the resource Political cartoon of a sewer pipe labeled “U.S.” releasing figures with negative labels, accompanied by caption about stopping as a sewer for the world. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Pan-American Exposition of 1901 Description An account of the resource The Pan-American Exposition was held in Buffalo, New York from May 1 to November 2, 1901. Buffalo was chosen as the location because of its size (at the time it was the eighth largest city in the U.S. with a population of approximately 350,000) and also because of its well suited railway connections. The grounds spread across 342 acres and were located between Delaware Park Lake to the south, the New York Central railroad track to the north, Delaware Avenue to the east, and Elmwood Avenue to the west. The Exposition included educational exhibits as well as a Midway. The educational exhibits showcased the latest advancements in technology, most notably electricity. A major feature was electric lighting which utilized hydroelectric power generated in nearby Niagara Falls. Many of the Exposition buildings, including the prominent Electric Tower, were covered in light-bulbs creating a beautiful and unprecedented sight. The Pan-American Exposition also hosted some of the top engine manufacturers of the time. These companies provided “working exhibits” that actually functioned in the day-to-day operation of the Exposition. The Midway at the Pan-American Exposition provided visitors with entertainment and consisted of more than 42 exhibits. Some of the main attractions of the Midway included the “House Upside Down,” “Cleopatra’s Temple”, and the “Foreign Villages.” The Pan-American Exposition is most widely known as the location of President McKinley’s assassination. On September 6, 1901, while in a receiving line at the Exposition’s Temple of Music, President McKinley was shot twice by anarchist, Leon Czolgosz. McKinley was taken to the Exposition’s hospital where he was operated on by a number of prominent Buffalo surgeons including Roswell Park. The President was then taken to the home of John Milburn, head of the Exposition’s Board of Directors, to recover. After his condition appeared to improve, McKinley eventually died on September 14, 1901 in the Milburn home due to infection and gangrene from the gun shot wounds. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context LIB-005 Subject The topic of the resource Pan-American Exposition (1901 : Buffalo, N.Y.) Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived State University of New York at Buffalo. University Archives Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available State University of New York at Buffalo. University Libraries Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Still Image A static visual representation. Examples of still images are: paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type "text" to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context LIB-005_0381 Is Part Of A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included. LIB-005 Pan-American Exposition of 1901. LIB-005 Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Caricatures Title A name given to the resource Political Cartoons reflect Anarchy and Immigrants Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1901-09-19 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Public Opinion, v. 13, no. 12 (September 19, 1901) Description An account of the resource Cartoon reflects feelings against anarchy and immigrants in the United States. A political cartoon shows a person in a suit and top hat standing beside a sewer pipe labeled “U.S.” from which figures are flowing out. Words such as “Immorality,” “Disease,” and “Pauperism” appear around the pipe. Text beneath the illustration reads, “Time to stop acting as a sewer for the world. — St. Paul Globe.” Subject The topic of the resource McKinleyWilliam--1843-1901 -- Assassination. Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="https://rightsstatements.org/page/NoC-US/1.0/">NO COPYRIGHT – UNITED STATES</a>. The organization that has made the Item available believes that the Item is in the Public Domain under the laws of the United States, but a determination was not made as to its copyright status under the copyright laws of other countries. The Item may not be in the Public Domain under the laws of other countries. Please refer to the organization that has made the Item available for more information. Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available State University of New York at Buffalo. University Libraries immigrants, anarchy, xenophobia https://digital.lib.buffalo.edu/files/original/b46b593ae49fe6091bebe5a05b9938a8.pdf 3b9c7431ef9d2874575554b84fcb7c29 PDF Text Text DEPARTMENT OF POLICE. Buffalo. N. Y. AUMlS NO. BUREAU OF JDI1.N1'JPJCATJON. 'J'rol.. :fiG. D 257 ''\tr..ter let DAn:OPA•trUT Sayt ~. lQ::..OLLJ.1_ __ COUNTY ~olooon , Genr~p~.-A?~n~s~t~our~------ - - - - - - . .llCINCT-.:._-J!{ili{jl---- 2 , pt ill--o4~---2E~B ee~t . b ••,,,. "'••o• elb . oe-e:t- -· .. N o:r illl1le :1m. :.1oK1 nl et tAll Preo1dont of the On1 t~a. , te .ee .,aa hold.1JlS.!\ __ I!l!lin reoept1on.1h tn.e • eMplo o~~~"r •.:XpoeitLn, he was ac..,. I - - -- ! - - I t - - .................... _,- I i -· -I � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Pan-American Exposition of 1901 Description An account of the resource The Pan-American Exposition was held in Buffalo, New York from May 1 to November 2, 1901. Buffalo was chosen as the location because of its size (at the time it was the eighth largest city in the U.S. with a population of approximately 350,000) and also because of its well suited railway connections. The grounds spread across 342 acres and were located between Delaware Park Lake to the south, the New York Central railroad track to the north, Delaware Avenue to the east, and Elmwood Avenue to the west. The Exposition included educational exhibits as well as a Midway. The educational exhibits showcased the latest advancements in technology, most notably electricity. A major feature was electric lighting which utilized hydroelectric power generated in nearby Niagara Falls. Many of the Exposition buildings, including the prominent Electric Tower, were covered in light-bulbs creating a beautiful and unprecedented sight. The Pan-American Exposition also hosted some of the top engine manufacturers of the time. These companies provided “working exhibits” that actually functioned in the day-to-day operation of the Exposition. The Midway at the Pan-American Exposition provided visitors with entertainment and consisted of more than 42 exhibits. Some of the main attractions of the Midway included the “House Upside Down,” “Cleopatra’s Temple”, and the “Foreign Villages.” The Pan-American Exposition is most widely known as the location of President McKinley’s assassination. On September 6, 1901, while in a receiving line at the Exposition’s Temple of Music, President McKinley was shot twice by anarchist, Leon Czolgosz. McKinley was taken to the Exposition’s hospital where he was operated on by a number of prominent Buffalo surgeons including Roswell Park. The President was then taken to the home of John Milburn, head of the Exposition’s Board of Directors, to recover. After his condition appeared to improve, McKinley eventually died on September 14, 1901 in the Milburn home due to infection and gangrene from the gun shot wounds. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context LIB-005 Subject The topic of the resource Pan-American Exposition (1901 : Buffalo, N.Y.) Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived State University of New York at Buffalo. University Archives Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available State University of New York at Buffalo. University Libraries Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Still Image A static visual representation. Examples of still images are: paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type "text" to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context LIB-005_0380 Is Part Of A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included. LIB-005 Pan-American Exposition of 1901. LIB-005 Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Photographic prints Title A name given to the resource Police Photograph and Report of Leon Czolgosz Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1901-09-06 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Facsimile of the Police Report filed September 6, 1901. Department of Police, Buffalo N.Y., Bureau of Identification. Facsimile courtesy of the Buffalo and Erie County Historical Society. Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Buffalo (N.Y.) Description An account of the resource Police report and mugshot of Leon Czolgosz. Subject The topic of the resource CzolgoszLeon F.1873-1901 McKinleyWilliam--1843-1901 -- Assassination. Pan-American Exposition (1901 : Buffalo, N.Y.) Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="https://rightsstatements.org/page/NoC-US/1.0/">NO COPYRIGHT – UNITED STATES</a>. The organization that has made the Item available believes that the Item is in the Public Domain under the laws of the United States, but a determination was not made as to its copyright status under the copyright laws of other countries. The Item may not be in the Public Domain under the laws of other countries. Please refer to the organization that has made the Item available for more information. Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available State University of New York at Buffalo. University Libraries Leon Czolgosz, police report, mugshot https://digital.lib.buffalo.edu/files/original/7414840b1bd9ecd7e0138b013c4e2fcd.jpg 19272cc31dff642f1420ea290fa08fc0 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Description An account of the resource Oval portrait of a person in a suit and bow tie. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Pan-American Exposition of 1901 Description An account of the resource The Pan-American Exposition was held in Buffalo, New York from May 1 to November 2, 1901. Buffalo was chosen as the location because of its size (at the time it was the eighth largest city in the U.S. with a population of approximately 350,000) and also because of its well suited railway connections. The grounds spread across 342 acres and were located between Delaware Park Lake to the south, the New York Central railroad track to the north, Delaware Avenue to the east, and Elmwood Avenue to the west. The Exposition included educational exhibits as well as a Midway. The educational exhibits showcased the latest advancements in technology, most notably electricity. A major feature was electric lighting which utilized hydroelectric power generated in nearby Niagara Falls. Many of the Exposition buildings, including the prominent Electric Tower, were covered in light-bulbs creating a beautiful and unprecedented sight. The Pan-American Exposition also hosted some of the top engine manufacturers of the time. These companies provided “working exhibits” that actually functioned in the day-to-day operation of the Exposition. The Midway at the Pan-American Exposition provided visitors with entertainment and consisted of more than 42 exhibits. Some of the main attractions of the Midway included the “House Upside Down,” “Cleopatra’s Temple”, and the “Foreign Villages.” The Pan-American Exposition is most widely known as the location of President McKinley’s assassination. On September 6, 1901, while in a receiving line at the Exposition’s Temple of Music, President McKinley was shot twice by anarchist, Leon Czolgosz. McKinley was taken to the Exposition’s hospital where he was operated on by a number of prominent Buffalo surgeons including Roswell Park. The President was then taken to the home of John Milburn, head of the Exposition’s Board of Directors, to recover. After his condition appeared to improve, McKinley eventually died on September 14, 1901 in the Milburn home due to infection and gangrene from the gun shot wounds. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context LIB-005 Subject The topic of the resource Pan-American Exposition (1901 : Buffalo, N.Y.) Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived State University of New York at Buffalo. University Archives Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available State University of New York at Buffalo. University Libraries Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Still Image A static visual representation. Examples of still images are: paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type "text" to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context LIB-005_0379 Is Part Of A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included. LIB-005 Pan-American Exposition of 1901. LIB-005 Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Book illustrations Title A name given to the resource Presiding Judge - the Honorable Truman C. White Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Men of Buffalo: A Collection of Portraits of Men Who Deserve to Rank as Typical Representatives of the Best Citizenship, Foremost Activities and Highest Aspirations of the City of Buffalo. Chicago: A.N. Marquis & Co., 1902, p. 318. Description An account of the resource Judge Truman White An oval black-and-white portrait shows Truman C. White in formal attire, wearing a dark suit, white shirt, and bow tie. He is facing slightly to the side with a neutral expression. Subject The topic of the resource WhiteTruman C. McKinleyWilliam--1843-1901 -- Assassination. Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="https://rightsstatements.org/page/NoC-US/1.0/">NO COPYRIGHT – UNITED STATES</a>. The organization that has made the Item available believes that the Item is in the Public Domain under the laws of the United States, but a determination was not made as to its copyright status under the copyright laws of other countries. The Item may not be in the Public Domain under the laws of other countries. Please refer to the organization that has made the Item available for more information. Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available State University of New York at Buffalo. University Libraries Trial judge https://digital.lib.buffalo.edu/files/original/f470a0f7c9fb5158ee7c03b61af53f20.jpg 01a1ec8ca4031541a1d943d68136a7e1 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Description An account of the resource Oval portrait of an older person with a beard in a dark suit. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Pan-American Exposition of 1901 Description An account of the resource The Pan-American Exposition was held in Buffalo, New York from May 1 to November 2, 1901. Buffalo was chosen as the location because of its size (at the time it was the eighth largest city in the U.S. with a population of approximately 350,000) and also because of its well suited railway connections. The grounds spread across 342 acres and were located between Delaware Park Lake to the south, the New York Central railroad track to the north, Delaware Avenue to the east, and Elmwood Avenue to the west. The Exposition included educational exhibits as well as a Midway. The educational exhibits showcased the latest advancements in technology, most notably electricity. A major feature was electric lighting which utilized hydroelectric power generated in nearby Niagara Falls. Many of the Exposition buildings, including the prominent Electric Tower, were covered in light-bulbs creating a beautiful and unprecedented sight. The Pan-American Exposition also hosted some of the top engine manufacturers of the time. These companies provided “working exhibits” that actually functioned in the day-to-day operation of the Exposition. The Midway at the Pan-American Exposition provided visitors with entertainment and consisted of more than 42 exhibits. Some of the main attractions of the Midway included the “House Upside Down,” “Cleopatra’s Temple”, and the “Foreign Villages.” The Pan-American Exposition is most widely known as the location of President McKinley’s assassination. On September 6, 1901, while in a receiving line at the Exposition’s Temple of Music, President McKinley was shot twice by anarchist, Leon Czolgosz. McKinley was taken to the Exposition’s hospital where he was operated on by a number of prominent Buffalo surgeons including Roswell Park. The President was then taken to the home of John Milburn, head of the Exposition’s Board of Directors, to recover. After his condition appeared to improve, McKinley eventually died on September 14, 1901 in the Milburn home due to infection and gangrene from the gun shot wounds. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context LIB-005 Subject The topic of the resource Pan-American Exposition (1901 : Buffalo, N.Y.) Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived State University of New York at Buffalo. University Archives Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available State University of New York at Buffalo. University Libraries Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Still Image A static visual representation. Examples of still images are: paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type "text" to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context LIB-005_0378 Is Part Of A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included. LIB-005 Pan-American Exposition of 1901. LIB-005 Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Photographic prints Title A name given to the resource The Honorable Robert Titus - Counsel for the Defense Subject The topic of the resource TitusRobert McKinleyWilliam--1843-1901 -- Assassination. Description An account of the resource An oval black-and-white portrait depicts Robert Titus with a beard and mustache, dressed in a dark suit and white-collared shirt. The person is shown in a three-quarter view, looking slightly to the side. Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="https://rightsstatements.org/page/NoC-US/1.0/">NO COPYRIGHT – UNITED STATES</a>. The organization that has made the Item available believes that the Item is in the Public Domain under the laws of the United States, but a determination was not made as to its copyright status under the copyright laws of other countries. The Item may not be in the Public Domain under the laws of other countries. Please refer to the organization that has made the Item available for more information. Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available State University of New York at Buffalo. University Libraries defense Trial https://digital.lib.buffalo.edu/files/original/97537b0d0165f978c7a2bbefe016b534.jpg 7ecdc0d16ef09bcc4ff1184e23142dfc Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Description An account of the resource Oval portrait of a person in a suit with a mustache and bow tie. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Pan-American Exposition of 1901 Description An account of the resource The Pan-American Exposition was held in Buffalo, New York from May 1 to November 2, 1901. Buffalo was chosen as the location because of its size (at the time it was the eighth largest city in the U.S. with a population of approximately 350,000) and also because of its well suited railway connections. The grounds spread across 342 acres and were located between Delaware Park Lake to the south, the New York Central railroad track to the north, Delaware Avenue to the east, and Elmwood Avenue to the west. The Exposition included educational exhibits as well as a Midway. The educational exhibits showcased the latest advancements in technology, most notably electricity. A major feature was electric lighting which utilized hydroelectric power generated in nearby Niagara Falls. Many of the Exposition buildings, including the prominent Electric Tower, were covered in light-bulbs creating a beautiful and unprecedented sight. The Pan-American Exposition also hosted some of the top engine manufacturers of the time. These companies provided “working exhibits” that actually functioned in the day-to-day operation of the Exposition. The Midway at the Pan-American Exposition provided visitors with entertainment and consisted of more than 42 exhibits. Some of the main attractions of the Midway included the “House Upside Down,” “Cleopatra’s Temple”, and the “Foreign Villages.” The Pan-American Exposition is most widely known as the location of President McKinley’s assassination. On September 6, 1901, while in a receiving line at the Exposition’s Temple of Music, President McKinley was shot twice by anarchist, Leon Czolgosz. McKinley was taken to the Exposition’s hospital where he was operated on by a number of prominent Buffalo surgeons including Roswell Park. The President was then taken to the home of John Milburn, head of the Exposition’s Board of Directors, to recover. After his condition appeared to improve, McKinley eventually died on September 14, 1901 in the Milburn home due to infection and gangrene from the gun shot wounds. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context LIB-005 Subject The topic of the resource Pan-American Exposition (1901 : Buffalo, N.Y.) Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived State University of New York at Buffalo. University Archives Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available State University of New York at Buffalo. University Libraries Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Still Image A static visual representation. Examples of still images are: paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type "text" to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context LIB-005_0377 Is Part Of A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included. LIB-005 Pan-American Exposition of 1901. LIB-005 Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Book illustrations, Portrait photographs Title A name given to the resource James W. Putnam, M.D., Professor of Nervous Diseases, University of Buffalo Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Men of Buffalo: A Collection of Portraits of Men Who Deserve to Rank as Typical Representatives of the Best Citizenship, Foremost Activities and Highest Aspirations of the City of Buffalo. Chicago: A.N. Marquis & Co., 1902, p.388. Subject The topic of the resource James W. PutnamM.D. McKinleyWilliam--1843-1901 -- Assassination. Description An account of the resource An oval black-and-white portrait shows James Putnam wearing a suit, white shirt, and bow tie. He has a mustache and is facing forward with a neutral expression. Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="https://rightsstatements.org/page/NoC-US/1.0/">NO COPYRIGHT – UNITED STATES</a>. The organization that has made the Item available believes that the Item is in the Public Domain under the laws of the United States, but a determination was not made as to its copyright status under the copyright laws of other countries. The Item may not be in the Public Domain under the laws of other countries. Please refer to the organization that has made the Item available for more information. Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available State University of New York at Buffalo. University Libraries https://digital.lib.buffalo.edu/files/original/8c85cc0343c8619be6a726a35b88896a.jpg 14fe073005a148db39c086b9f4fd1c9d Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Description An account of the resource Oval portrait of a person in a suit with a mustache and bow tie. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Pan-American Exposition of 1901 Description An account of the resource The Pan-American Exposition was held in Buffalo, New York from May 1 to November 2, 1901. Buffalo was chosen as the location because of its size (at the time it was the eighth largest city in the U.S. with a population of approximately 350,000) and also because of its well suited railway connections. The grounds spread across 342 acres and were located between Delaware Park Lake to the south, the New York Central railroad track to the north, Delaware Avenue to the east, and Elmwood Avenue to the west. The Exposition included educational exhibits as well as a Midway. The educational exhibits showcased the latest advancements in technology, most notably electricity. A major feature was electric lighting which utilized hydroelectric power generated in nearby Niagara Falls. Many of the Exposition buildings, including the prominent Electric Tower, were covered in light-bulbs creating a beautiful and unprecedented sight. The Pan-American Exposition also hosted some of the top engine manufacturers of the time. These companies provided “working exhibits” that actually functioned in the day-to-day operation of the Exposition. The Midway at the Pan-American Exposition provided visitors with entertainment and consisted of more than 42 exhibits. Some of the main attractions of the Midway included the “House Upside Down,” “Cleopatra’s Temple”, and the “Foreign Villages.” The Pan-American Exposition is most widely known as the location of President McKinley’s assassination. On September 6, 1901, while in a receiving line at the Exposition’s Temple of Music, President McKinley was shot twice by anarchist, Leon Czolgosz. McKinley was taken to the Exposition’s hospital where he was operated on by a number of prominent Buffalo surgeons including Roswell Park. The President was then taken to the home of John Milburn, head of the Exposition’s Board of Directors, to recover. After his condition appeared to improve, McKinley eventually died on September 14, 1901 in the Milburn home due to infection and gangrene from the gun shot wounds. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context LIB-005 Subject The topic of the resource Pan-American Exposition (1901 : Buffalo, N.Y.) Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived State University of New York at Buffalo. University Archives Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available State University of New York at Buffalo. University Libraries Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Still Image A static visual representation. Examples of still images are: paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type "text" to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context LIB-005_0375 Is Part Of A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included. LIB-005 Pan-American Exposition of 1901. LIB-005 Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Book illustrations, Photographic prints Title A name given to the resource Erie County Court Judge Edward K. Emery Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Men of Buffalo: A Collection of Portraits of Men Who Deserve to Rank as Typical Representatives of the Best Citizenship, Foremost Activities and Highest Aspirations of the City of Buffalo. Chicago: A.N. Marquis & Co., 1902, p. 319. Subject The topic of the resource EmeryEdward K McKinleyWilliam--1843-1901 -- Assassination. Description An account of the resource An oval black-and-white portrait depicts Judge Edward K. Emery with a mustache, wearing a suit, collared shirt, and bow tie. The person is shown facing forward with a neutral expression. Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="https://rightsstatements.org/page/NoC-US/1.0/">NO COPYRIGHT – UNITED STATES</a>. The organization that has made the Item available believes that the Item is in the Public Domain under the laws of the United States, but a determination was not made as to its copyright status under the copyright laws of other countries. The Item may not be in the Public Domain under the laws of other countries. Please refer to the organization that has made the Item available for more information. Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available State University of New York at Buffalo. University Libraries Erie County Court Judge Edward K. Emery https://digital.lib.buffalo.edu/files/original/887c5caa7aaa499c5425ba5d7915601f.pdf 355461eaa5ab510a616969c6c65e78f0 PDF Text Text CZOLGOSZ'S DEATH STATED. WARDEN MBAD Fll.ES A CERT!PI· CATE HERE . THRElil BUFFALO;>.'l.ANS SIGNED ITPHYSICIANS' CERTIFICATE OF AU· TOPSY. . Warden Mead's certUlcate of .the elec· trocutton of Cr.olgoszz:, assassin of Preslilent McKinley, was received by CountyClerk John H . Price by mail rrom'Auburn iesterda:r morning and placed In the archives of the Clerk of Erie County as a matter of record for all time. It rea'lls as follows : I , J , Warren llea<l, the as~nt and war4en of the ·state prl.on at Auburn, l\. Y .. and the other publie otlleon, elll~~eos and mlnl1tera or the Go.pel, 't.'boae nameA are hereto aubtcrlhed, do certltr tbat ~n F. Cwii'OI%.allas Fred Nieman, who waa aenteoeed b7 the Supreme Court, bold In and for the Oount7 or Er1o oo the 26th dll.Y of Septem· ber, 1001. wu on t b o 29tb da7 of October, 1901, at 1.12 o'clock a. m.. In purauane<> of the aald senteuce u...:uted b7 c:aualn; to pan t bi'Oilllb bla bocl,- a current of el...:tr1c:lt7 of eumctent In· t enalt7 to c:aose death. and eoutlnulos tbe •ppll· cation of aueb current until be wu dead, to the 8tatft priiC>n at Auburn, N. Y.; and we, tbe no· dcn~l1ned, d o certlf7 that we wltoeMed the aald 1!X41eotlou aud thAt tbl! aamt was conducted In cenformlt,r tf) the Motenr.e o r tbe court and tbe pro.lalona of the crhbloal code. JnPwttn8e thereof we hue at tbe ..sd prl.oo o.ubacrlbed our uamea hereto tbls 28th da7 of Oc· to!Mr, 1001. J . WARREN MEAD, Agent aud Warden. SAllUEL OALDWELL. Sbcrl!r. JORN' P . JAECKEL, ASHLICY W. COLE, W . H. PINDER. . GEORGE WESTON, CHARLES R. SKINNER, 0 . J,. INGALLS, llENRY OLIVER ELY, CHARLF:S R. HUNTLEY, WILLIAM A. HOWE, G. B. TROWBRIDGE, W. 0 . WOLJ'll, M.D., .JOHN A.' SLEIOBER. Accompanying the warden's certificate was a eertlflcate made by Dr. Carlos F. MacDonalcl of New York and Prison· Physician John Oerln, who made the autopsy, which also was entered In t he r ecord of the County Clerk. It Is as follows : To J . Warren H ead, agt>nt and warden ot the ~tatr. pr1eou at Auburn. N. Y .: The undf ralgncd pb;o-slctaoa, clulgnatf'<l hT 1011 to atteod the ex~tlon of T..-on 1!'. <.'soiJOtlll, allu Fred Nieman. hereby <'~'rt If)' M folio"• : Tb~t wo nttend<!d th e "'u:~:ntloo o f Leon F. CWIIfO'UI, altas l•'rcrt Nlem~n. end lmruodlatel7 :tl\AreaftP.r t>erformt'd an &\ltOPST upOn tbe bod7 of tbll SMIDO And ftotl tbat tbt' C&U~ Of d eat b WitS du~ to K rurreot of t'leclrlcltT paned tbrousb bls hody lo ac:cordauce wlt.b tho statute In such cue ~l{e and J.lroYided. • CARLOS F. MACDONALD, M.D., JOHN OERTN, M. O. � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Pan-American Exposition of 1901 Description An account of the resource The Pan-American Exposition was held in Buffalo, New York from May 1 to November 2, 1901. Buffalo was chosen as the location because of its size (at the time it was the eighth largest city in the U.S. with a population of approximately 350,000) and also because of its well suited railway connections. The grounds spread across 342 acres and were located between Delaware Park Lake to the south, the New York Central railroad track to the north, Delaware Avenue to the east, and Elmwood Avenue to the west. The Exposition included educational exhibits as well as a Midway. The educational exhibits showcased the latest advancements in technology, most notably electricity. A major feature was electric lighting which utilized hydroelectric power generated in nearby Niagara Falls. Many of the Exposition buildings, including the prominent Electric Tower, were covered in light-bulbs creating a beautiful and unprecedented sight. The Pan-American Exposition also hosted some of the top engine manufacturers of the time. These companies provided “working exhibits” that actually functioned in the day-to-day operation of the Exposition. The Midway at the Pan-American Exposition provided visitors with entertainment and consisted of more than 42 exhibits. Some of the main attractions of the Midway included the “House Upside Down,” “Cleopatra’s Temple”, and the “Foreign Villages.” The Pan-American Exposition is most widely known as the location of President McKinley’s assassination. On September 6, 1901, while in a receiving line at the Exposition’s Temple of Music, President McKinley was shot twice by anarchist, Leon Czolgosz. McKinley was taken to the Exposition’s hospital where he was operated on by a number of prominent Buffalo surgeons including Roswell Park. The President was then taken to the home of John Milburn, head of the Exposition’s Board of Directors, to recover. After his condition appeared to improve, McKinley eventually died on September 14, 1901 in the Milburn home due to infection and gangrene from the gun shot wounds. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context LIB-005 Subject The topic of the resource Pan-American Exposition (1901 : Buffalo, N.Y.) Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived State University of New York at Buffalo. University Archives Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available State University of New York at Buffalo. University Libraries Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Document A resource containing textual data. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre text. Original Format If the image is of an object, state the type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data Newspapers -- New York (State) -- Buffalo Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context LIB-005_0374 Is Part Of A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included. LIB-005 Pan-American Exposition of 1901. LIB-005 Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Clippings Title A name given to the resource CZOLGOSZ'S DEATH STATED. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1901-11-01 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Buffalo Express, November 1, 1901 Subject The topic of the resource CzolgoszLeon F.1873-1901 McKinleyWilliam--1843-1901 -- Assassination. Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="https://rightsstatements.org/page/NoC-US/1.0/">NO COPYRIGHT – UNITED STATES</a>. The organization that has made the Item available believes that the Item is in the Public Domain under the laws of the United States, but a determination was not made as to its copyright status under the copyright laws of other countries. The Item may not be in the Public Domain under the laws of other countries. Please refer to the organization that has made the Item available for more information. Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available State University of New York at Buffalo. University Libraries Czolgosz's execution https://digital.lib.buffalo.edu/files/original/f35f84c0e56f73cd48da75f84ca8232b.jpg 15404049a8c12b2414e7ffaf7db89c35 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Description An account of the resource Oval portrait of a bearded person with glasses in a suit and tie. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Pan-American Exposition of 1901 Description An account of the resource The Pan-American Exposition was held in Buffalo, New York from May 1 to November 2, 1901. Buffalo was chosen as the location because of its size (at the time it was the eighth largest city in the U.S. with a population of approximately 350,000) and also because of its well suited railway connections. The grounds spread across 342 acres and were located between Delaware Park Lake to the south, the New York Central railroad track to the north, Delaware Avenue to the east, and Elmwood Avenue to the west. The Exposition included educational exhibits as well as a Midway. The educational exhibits showcased the latest advancements in technology, most notably electricity. A major feature was electric lighting which utilized hydroelectric power generated in nearby Niagara Falls. Many of the Exposition buildings, including the prominent Electric Tower, were covered in light-bulbs creating a beautiful and unprecedented sight. The Pan-American Exposition also hosted some of the top engine manufacturers of the time. These companies provided “working exhibits” that actually functioned in the day-to-day operation of the Exposition. The Midway at the Pan-American Exposition provided visitors with entertainment and consisted of more than 42 exhibits. Some of the main attractions of the Midway included the “House Upside Down,” “Cleopatra’s Temple”, and the “Foreign Villages.” The Pan-American Exposition is most widely known as the location of President McKinley’s assassination. On September 6, 1901, while in a receiving line at the Exposition’s Temple of Music, President McKinley was shot twice by anarchist, Leon Czolgosz. McKinley was taken to the Exposition’s hospital where he was operated on by a number of prominent Buffalo surgeons including Roswell Park. The President was then taken to the home of John Milburn, head of the Exposition’s Board of Directors, to recover. After his condition appeared to improve, McKinley eventually died on September 14, 1901 in the Milburn home due to infection and gangrene from the gun shot wounds. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context LIB-005 Subject The topic of the resource Pan-American Exposition (1901 : Buffalo, N.Y.) Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived State University of New York at Buffalo. University Archives Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available State University of New York at Buffalo. University Libraries Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Still Image A static visual representation. Examples of still images are: paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type "text" to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context LIB-005_0373 Is Part Of A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included. LIB-005 Pan-American Exposition of 1901. LIB-005 Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Book illustrations, Photographic prints Title A name given to the resource Floyd D. Crego, M.D. Professor of Insanity, University of Buffalo, etc. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Men of Buffalo: A Collection of Portraits of Men Who Deserve to Rank as Typical Representatives of the Best Citizenship, Foremost Activities and Highest Aspirations of the City of Buffalo. Chicago: A.N. Marquis & Co., 1902, p. 393. Subject The topic of the resource Floyd D. CregoM.D. McKinleyWilliam--1843-1901 -- Assassination. Description An account of the resource An oval black-and-white portrait shows Floyd D. Crego with a beard and glasses, wearing a striped suit jacket, collared shirt, and tie. The person is posed in a three-quarter view facing slightly to the side. Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="https://rightsstatements.org/page/NoC-US/1.0/">NO COPYRIGHT – UNITED STATES</a>. The organization that has made the Item available believes that the Item is in the Public Domain under the laws of the United States, but a determination was not made as to its copyright status under the copyright laws of other countries. The Item may not be in the Public Domain under the laws of other countries. Please refer to the organization that has made the Item available for more information. Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available State University of New York at Buffalo. University Libraries Floyd Crego https://digital.lib.buffalo.edu/files/original/5090dd296095ec5c7d5dedd55b183c96.jpg 043a7d4398bc545f11358676e5e87c40 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Description An account of the resource Interior room with wooden chairs, tables, tall windows, and chandeliers. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Pan-American Exposition of 1901 Description An account of the resource The Pan-American Exposition was held in Buffalo, New York from May 1 to November 2, 1901. Buffalo was chosen as the location because of its size (at the time it was the eighth largest city in the U.S. with a population of approximately 350,000) and also because of its well suited railway connections. The grounds spread across 342 acres and were located between Delaware Park Lake to the south, the New York Central railroad track to the north, Delaware Avenue to the east, and Elmwood Avenue to the west. The Exposition included educational exhibits as well as a Midway. The educational exhibits showcased the latest advancements in technology, most notably electricity. A major feature was electric lighting which utilized hydroelectric power generated in nearby Niagara Falls. Many of the Exposition buildings, including the prominent Electric Tower, were covered in light-bulbs creating a beautiful and unprecedented sight. The Pan-American Exposition also hosted some of the top engine manufacturers of the time. These companies provided “working exhibits” that actually functioned in the day-to-day operation of the Exposition. The Midway at the Pan-American Exposition provided visitors with entertainment and consisted of more than 42 exhibits. Some of the main attractions of the Midway included the “House Upside Down,” “Cleopatra’s Temple”, and the “Foreign Villages.” The Pan-American Exposition is most widely known as the location of President McKinley’s assassination. On September 6, 1901, while in a receiving line at the Exposition’s Temple of Music, President McKinley was shot twice by anarchist, Leon Czolgosz. McKinley was taken to the Exposition’s hospital where he was operated on by a number of prominent Buffalo surgeons including Roswell Park. The President was then taken to the home of John Milburn, head of the Exposition’s Board of Directors, to recover. After his condition appeared to improve, McKinley eventually died on September 14, 1901 in the Milburn home due to infection and gangrene from the gun shot wounds. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context LIB-005 Subject The topic of the resource Pan-American Exposition (1901 : Buffalo, N.Y.) Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived State University of New York at Buffalo. University Archives Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available State University of New York at Buffalo. University Libraries Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Still Image A static visual representation. Examples of still images are: paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type "text" to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context LIB-005_0372 Is Part Of A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included. LIB-005 Pan-American Exposition of 1901. LIB-005 Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Photocopies Title A name given to the resource Superior Court Chambers - Buffalo City Hall Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Buffalo Courier, September 19, 1901. Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Buffalo (N.Y.) Subject The topic of the resource CzolgoszLeon F.1873-1901 McKinleyWilliam--1843-1901 -- Assassination. Buffalo City Hall (Buffalo, N.Y.) Description An account of the resource An interior room with tall windows is furnished with wooden chairs and tables arranged in rows and clusters. Several chandeliers and wall-mounted lamps provide lighting. Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="https://rightsstatements.org/page/NoC-US/1.0/">NO COPYRIGHT – UNITED STATES</a>. The organization that has made the Item available believes that the Item is in the Public Domain under the laws of the United States, but a determination was not made as to its copyright status under the copyright laws of other countries. The Item may not be in the Public Domain under the laws of other countries. Please refer to the organization that has made the Item available for more information. Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available State University of New York at Buffalo. University Libraries Court room https://digital.lib.buffalo.edu/files/original/7fb52c04e32553d7ea5ea79e827afeba.jpg f3c25682316b6f01cbdf09b4456a2e1f Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Description An account of the resource Handwritten note dated September 6, 1901, signed by Leon F. Czolgosz. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Pan-American Exposition of 1901 Description An account of the resource The Pan-American Exposition was held in Buffalo, New York from May 1 to November 2, 1901. Buffalo was chosen as the location because of its size (at the time it was the eighth largest city in the U.S. with a population of approximately 350,000) and also because of its well suited railway connections. The grounds spread across 342 acres and were located between Delaware Park Lake to the south, the New York Central railroad track to the north, Delaware Avenue to the east, and Elmwood Avenue to the west. The Exposition included educational exhibits as well as a Midway. The educational exhibits showcased the latest advancements in technology, most notably electricity. A major feature was electric lighting which utilized hydroelectric power generated in nearby Niagara Falls. Many of the Exposition buildings, including the prominent Electric Tower, were covered in light-bulbs creating a beautiful and unprecedented sight. The Pan-American Exposition also hosted some of the top engine manufacturers of the time. These companies provided “working exhibits” that actually functioned in the day-to-day operation of the Exposition. The Midway at the Pan-American Exposition provided visitors with entertainment and consisted of more than 42 exhibits. Some of the main attractions of the Midway included the “House Upside Down,” “Cleopatra’s Temple”, and the “Foreign Villages.” The Pan-American Exposition is most widely known as the location of President McKinley’s assassination. On September 6, 1901, while in a receiving line at the Exposition’s Temple of Music, President McKinley was shot twice by anarchist, Leon Czolgosz. McKinley was taken to the Exposition’s hospital where he was operated on by a number of prominent Buffalo surgeons including Roswell Park. The President was then taken to the home of John Milburn, head of the Exposition’s Board of Directors, to recover. After his condition appeared to improve, McKinley eventually died on September 14, 1901 in the Milburn home due to infection and gangrene from the gun shot wounds. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context LIB-005 Subject The topic of the resource Pan-American Exposition (1901 : Buffalo, N.Y.) Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived State University of New York at Buffalo. University Archives Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available State University of New York at Buffalo. University Libraries Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Still Image A static visual representation. Examples of still images are: paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type "text" to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context LIB-005_0371 Is Part Of A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included. LIB-005 Pan-American Exposition of 1901. LIB-005 Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Photocopies Title A name given to the resource A Facsimile of Czolgosz's Confession Alternative Title An alternative name for the resource. The distinction between titles and alternative titles is application-specific. Czolgosz's Confession Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1901-09-06 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Karpeles Manuscript Museum, Buffalo, N.Y. Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Buffalo (N.Y.) Subject The topic of the resource CzolgoszLeon F.1873-1901 McKinleyWilliam--1843-1901 -- Assassination. Description An account of the resource A handwritten note appears on lined paper, addressed to President McKinley. The text is written in cursive, dated September 6, 1901, and signed by Leon F. Czolgosz. Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="https://rightsstatements.org/page/NoC-US/1.0/">NO COPYRIGHT – UNITED STATES</a>. The organization that has made the Item available believes that the Item is in the Public Domain under the laws of the United States, but a determination was not made as to its copyright status under the copyright laws of other countries. The Item may not be in the Public Domain under the laws of other countries. Please refer to the organization that has made the Item available for more information. Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available State University of New York at Buffalo. University Libraries Czolgosz's confession https://digital.lib.buffalo.edu/files/original/86495a949c7a40d45b30c632e051b082.jpg a68aac187d4b051946518106b7c686a1 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Description An account of the resource Large stone building with central clock tower and spire, surrounded by trees and pathways. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Pan-American Exposition of 1901 Description An account of the resource The Pan-American Exposition was held in Buffalo, New York from May 1 to November 2, 1901. Buffalo was chosen as the location because of its size (at the time it was the eighth largest city in the U.S. with a population of approximately 350,000) and also because of its well suited railway connections. The grounds spread across 342 acres and were located between Delaware Park Lake to the south, the New York Central railroad track to the north, Delaware Avenue to the east, and Elmwood Avenue to the west. The Exposition included educational exhibits as well as a Midway. The educational exhibits showcased the latest advancements in technology, most notably electricity. A major feature was electric lighting which utilized hydroelectric power generated in nearby Niagara Falls. Many of the Exposition buildings, including the prominent Electric Tower, were covered in light-bulbs creating a beautiful and unprecedented sight. The Pan-American Exposition also hosted some of the top engine manufacturers of the time. These companies provided “working exhibits” that actually functioned in the day-to-day operation of the Exposition. The Midway at the Pan-American Exposition provided visitors with entertainment and consisted of more than 42 exhibits. Some of the main attractions of the Midway included the “House Upside Down,” “Cleopatra’s Temple”, and the “Foreign Villages.” The Pan-American Exposition is most widely known as the location of President McKinley’s assassination. On September 6, 1901, while in a receiving line at the Exposition’s Temple of Music, President McKinley was shot twice by anarchist, Leon Czolgosz. McKinley was taken to the Exposition’s hospital where he was operated on by a number of prominent Buffalo surgeons including Roswell Park. The President was then taken to the home of John Milburn, head of the Exposition’s Board of Directors, to recover. After his condition appeared to improve, McKinley eventually died on September 14, 1901 in the Milburn home due to infection and gangrene from the gun shot wounds. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context LIB-005 Subject The topic of the resource Pan-American Exposition (1901 : Buffalo, N.Y.) Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived State University of New York at Buffalo. University Archives Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available State University of New York at Buffalo. University Libraries Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Still Image A static visual representation. Examples of still images are: paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type "text" to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context LIB-005_0370 Is Part Of A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included. LIB-005 Pan-American Exposition of 1901. LIB-005 Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Photographic postcards Title A name given to the resource Buffalo City Hall Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Buffalo (N.Y.) Subject The topic of the resource Buffalo City Hall Buffalo (N.Y.)--History--20th century-- Pictorial works Buffalo City Hall (Buffalo, N.Y.) Description An account of the resource A color illustration shows the Buffalo City Hall building with a tall central clock tower topped by a steep spire. The structure features arched windows, decorative detailing, and multiple wings extending outward. Trees and a pathway are visible in the foreground. Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="https://rightsstatements.org/page/NoC-US/1.0/">NO COPYRIGHT – UNITED STATES</a>. The organization that has made the Item available believes that the Item is in the Public Domain under the laws of the United States, but a determination was not made as to its copyright status under the copyright laws of other countries. The Item may not be in the Public Domain under the laws of other countries. Please refer to the organization that has made the Item available for more information. Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available State University of New York at Buffalo. University Libraries Buffalo City Hall https://digital.lib.buffalo.edu/files/original/d386aaea87b9e1fe5a393abddcf1f91f.jpg 399378047281e1684d7c81fb76b94ed2 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Description An account of the resource Individual seated in an electric chair with another person standing beside. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Pan-American Exposition of 1901 Description An account of the resource The Pan-American Exposition was held in Buffalo, New York from May 1 to November 2, 1901. Buffalo was chosen as the location because of its size (at the time it was the eighth largest city in the U.S. with a population of approximately 350,000) and also because of its well suited railway connections. The grounds spread across 342 acres and were located between Delaware Park Lake to the south, the New York Central railroad track to the north, Delaware Avenue to the east, and Elmwood Avenue to the west. The Exposition included educational exhibits as well as a Midway. The educational exhibits showcased the latest advancements in technology, most notably electricity. A major feature was electric lighting which utilized hydroelectric power generated in nearby Niagara Falls. Many of the Exposition buildings, including the prominent Electric Tower, were covered in light-bulbs creating a beautiful and unprecedented sight. The Pan-American Exposition also hosted some of the top engine manufacturers of the time. These companies provided “working exhibits” that actually functioned in the day-to-day operation of the Exposition. The Midway at the Pan-American Exposition provided visitors with entertainment and consisted of more than 42 exhibits. Some of the main attractions of the Midway included the “House Upside Down,” “Cleopatra’s Temple”, and the “Foreign Villages.” The Pan-American Exposition is most widely known as the location of President McKinley’s assassination. On September 6, 1901, while in a receiving line at the Exposition’s Temple of Music, President McKinley was shot twice by anarchist, Leon Czolgosz. McKinley was taken to the Exposition’s hospital where he was operated on by a number of prominent Buffalo surgeons including Roswell Park. The President was then taken to the home of John Milburn, head of the Exposition’s Board of Directors, to recover. After his condition appeared to improve, McKinley eventually died on September 14, 1901 in the Milburn home due to infection and gangrene from the gun shot wounds. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context LIB-005 Subject The topic of the resource Pan-American Exposition (1901 : Buffalo, N.Y.) Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived State University of New York at Buffalo. University Archives Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available State University of New York at Buffalo. University Libraries Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Still Image A static visual representation. Examples of still images are: paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type "text" to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context LIB-005_0369 Is Part Of A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included. LIB-005 Pan-American Exposition of 1901. LIB-005 Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Photocopies Title A name given to the resource A Demonstration of the Electric Chair and the Method of Executing a Criminal. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Buffalo Courier, October 6, 1901. Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Aubum (N.Y.) Subject The topic of the resource CzolgoszLeon F.1873-1901 McKinleyWilliam--1843-1901 -- Assassination. Description An account of the resource A sepia-toned photograph shows an individual seated in an electric chair with restraints, while another person in a suit and hat stands nearby. The setting appears to be indoors with brick walls and a plain backdrop. Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="https://rightsstatements.org/page/NoC-US/1.0/">NO COPYRIGHT – UNITED STATES</a>. The organization that has made the Item available believes that the Item is in the Public Domain under the laws of the United States, but a determination was not made as to its copyright status under the copyright laws of other countries. The Item may not be in the Public Domain under the laws of other countries. Please refer to the organization that has made the Item available for more information. Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available State University of New York at Buffalo. University Libraries electric chair https://digital.lib.buffalo.edu/files/original/ba8c4b4cb53c69d24f266b6aec279637.pdf d665a1c5a8ac341f93fc4fbc2744ff06 PDF Text Text czolgosz's Cranial A ND F ACIAL Characteristics. B:e Ia Sh own to Rave lleen P eoullarly ll'itt~d tor Ilia :Fearful OdmeB:aa lligh Order of Orim1JIAl Capability. (By Broughton Brandenburg.) N BEGINNING thla caretlll and crlt.leal review of the POint. of the skull and face of Leon Czolgoas aa lndlcatlona of hla character, the writer dealrea to aay that there are few people who do not la.urh at phrenology and phyalognemetry Ill the abatract, but that 1.1 becauae they know 1>0 very little of It In the concrete. The writer ln a long periOd· of &llla.teur lnvesUgaUona and examlnatloDI et all classes of human facee and hetid.l, ha.a aa yet failed to 1lnd an lll8t&Doe whero a man'a character 1.1 not u plalnly written thereon .'U the letters OJ:l a P&nt signboard would be, only· that It takes an underatandlng won by ---oa.t1ence to perceive the ·characters &ni1 trailalate them. Once this art Is unders toOd, the human race Is an OP8Jl book to tho reader. Let him who thlnb It Ia a great gain 1n power to be eo e<llllPlled, pa.uoe and think wha.t a 1088 It Is to be com, pelled to be ever a.ware of your enemies· good tralte and the bla.ckenlng fault• of your friends. In this sketch tbe writer will give the salient pointe In the nature of the murderer of President McKinley, aa o~ • erved during abort periods In the as· sassln'e presence, Immediately a.tter arrest a.nd while the private examlnal1ona were taking place In Dt.trlct Attornoy Penney'& office. This has been auppiAmented, for the sake of a.bliolute a.ccuracy. by some one hundred meuurements of the photographs of the condemned man. In' the llrst place. Czolgosz showed re.. markable development, tor a young m ao, In certain fa.culUes, and In all, was fairly up to tbe average. Let It not be thought tor a moment that. he was an ordinary man, s tupid, a. degen. I erate. a mantae or a man ot low, vl- clous propensltlea. He bad qualities eo far above this level that If they had been . rightly combined a.nd supplemented by a. development of true Idealism they would have made him a.n a.dmlr· able citizen Instead .of a. victim of the electric chair. -In his domestic natun! there were certain faculties which render ht. career pathetic. These fac u lties lay In the ba.se of the brain at the back, and the writer found that he was fully devel· oped there, showing that he loved his home and his paren ts, and bls senae or patriotism was strongly developed but perverted by a prepondera.nce or a. 1'ery bad combination of other chara.c~rts­ tlcs. •H is love of his family and of children waa strong but had been suppreaeed by his secretive, reticent faculty, one of the most strongly developed facult-Ies of Its class the writer bas ever "!'en. The domestlo quaJltles were all Inherited from hla father and mother, both of whom have strong characlerlstlcs of this sort. as their home and !amll:V ahow. The lack of the bestial was shown notably behind and before the ea.ra. The DhYsical vltativeness was not good nor was the allmentlveness up to the average. The combative. or lighting. sense was unnaturally raised and combined with the large faculty of caution, was shown to be more defensive than offensive and a.ggreaslve. or love of Uta there was but a shred. and tha.t accounts for much of the prlaoner'l s trange conduct after the crime. It Ia not to be thought f or a minute tba.t he did not feel a.nd know the drea.dtullleea of hla position, for his seases of perception were fairly acute but he was lacking In the mind love of existence and so, knowing that he would certa.lnly be captured and kllled bY la.w If not at the banda of the populace, he never· thelesa did as he thought wa.s rlcbt, regardleJIII or consequences to hl.m self. This &eems to belle what has alrea.dy been said · a.bout hls extreme ca.ution, but the writer Ia positive that thta feature Is borne out In the care which he took to conceal bls accomplices, If he had any, to get a perfect chance at the President a.nd · to con.:eal hls weaPOn a.nd Intentions so cleverly. He waa a careful man wlt)l the lncent.lve, but holding little love of life, he had not the lncenu,.e. The functions of the brain a..r e like those of a clock of ma.ny parte; all work toe-ether and each Ia dependent upon all. Now, Jet the development of hla moral nature be considered. A man wbo 18 good. wlll not do wron&". because his Impulses are to do 'right unless he abstain through Cea.r ot con&e<lnences, when hls moral nature has little to do with lt. Leon Czolgosz was. not morally a bad man. He wa.s Just about the average. Thla combination of ta.cultlea was shown In height and breadth of tb~ top ot the hea.d. The very cood man Is always tall above his ears a.nd Ia trequent.ly broader through the top of bla head than at the top of hls ears. In faith, hope, veneration, aenee or rlcbt and wrong the murderi!'r waa Calrl7 good, bu~ not strong enough or wea.k anbugh to bend tilm from the counoe In which he wa.a Impelled by other otronclY·developed faculties. • In the artistic and poetic Qualltleo there wa.a a notable Ja~k. fOr hla upper forehead and temples were depressed below the line of the avera.ge curvature 26 per cent. of the ma.xlmum .proPOrtionate radius calculated on the basis of the line from the ear·hole to the eyeball, the one wblch Ia a.cceptedly used by all physlognometrlclsta. He wu neither a dreamer, a poet, a musician, a matbemaUclan, an aruet, a cOnstruct- or nor a designer, tbouch In the last two ·features he was stronger than the other. The swell In - the lett temple just above the little projection of thb ftne abort hair, Indicated a. plotting ablllty which, connected with the cun· nlng shown just back of the corner or the eye, enabled him to pla.Cl so wen what his caution told him was the best means to his end. In the judcment ot torm, size, color, weight and distance be was just a.bout t he averace of young men of bla age. In language he was remarkably dellclent. The hollow trench under the eye showed that. . We have now considered all or the tacultles. but those which Impelled him to the deed and .t mny be well to capitulate them, Inasmuch as a diss ertation on the character of Leon Czolgosz Is merely an etaborated anawer to the question: ' 'Why, and how did he and could he shoot the ma.n whom everyone loved and revered 7" . The direct answer to this Inquiry I found In the most phenomenal combln· atton of developed faculties wh.l ch t~e writer has ever seen In a sane man • head. There was a. ridge of developed f aculties running around the back of Leon Czolgosz'a bead,' culmlnaUnr In the love of approba.tton, which explains why he did as he dld. It wu the dramatic Instinct which spurr ed Czolgosz on to the perDetra- �Uon ot bla deed. The love or knowing that bla name would be In tbe mouths ot the people &lid that, believing aa be did In the truth ot the principles ot anarchy, that future jl'eneratlona would rise a.nd C{\11 blm «reat and make h1m a martyr. It mu.et be remembered that wttb a very narrowed lite, alender meana ot education , s qualid environment and Ut· tie In general t o lltt b la standard ot ldeala, he must aeek the enda or these dominant faculties. be mu.o t Jlrl'I(Uty hla love ot approbation. bls dealre tor great action, and while In tbla alate. wltb the tun phyalcal vlcor of a 70ung blacltamlth, be learned l!rat of the doctrlnea of tbe Reds. It Ia easy to convince how ble eager mind abould grasp thoee l!erce prlnclplea and make them Ita own. Be had no high civic or personal Ideals to restrain him: he bad no atronc moral convlctlona to -deter blm. nor wu bla pe rception keen enough tor h1m to aee that bla end would be miserable and without g lory. It has been abown that he wu comb&tlve, deatrucUve and bad Uttle love or Ute. Having been apurred on to murder a p.-utdent. or aome other great one, tb re wu nothing In ble own mind to b&: < blm. Now, cona1der the qualltl1!1 In hie llature wbleh, combined, made blm one of the greateat 888aaalna of tbe world's blatory. The,. were all found In tbla phenomenal rtdce wblch runa around tbe b&ck ot hie bead · Love of deatructlon, love of eomlat, great caution, ability to malntt.ln aecreey, ftrm· nea e.nd continuity t.nd love of approbt.tlon. The writer does not hesitate to 183' that It Csolgoaa'a t.rtletlc n&ture had been develooed one halt aa much u bla executive, be would bave made one ol the gree.teat t.etora In the world'a blatofl'. AI It we.a, be waa equipped for ble deed aa tew me11 <;ould ever be, and there Ia n othing to abow that he committed It In abaolutely cold blood. even unbuoyed b,. an enthualum more than tbe aelllah determination to ac· oompllah. ma cunning wu me.rveloue, hla peralatency moat marked, bla dt.rlng won· dertul, and hie behavior alter the deed and durin~ hla lmprlao11ment Indicative of t. character that Ia far t.bove that of tbe brutal thug who alaya because bla path Ia eroaacd. Tht.t theae obaervatlona abould be takell aa prt.lee tor Caolgoaz. the writer baa anticipated, &nd clealrea to aa.y that they are not ao meant. To the aclentll!c observer of bum&n nature In Its Infinitely varied tOO"ma there Ia no auch thine aa bad. There Ia a cba.ln or faculties, all develop~ to certain decrees, In the make-up of each ln dlvldut.l, and all are good te.cultlea. There are no bad ouea. The Cnator would not he.ve g iven them to man It they bad been bad. It Is merely tbe wrong uae of tbeae faculties th&t lol wht.t Ia -<:t.lled bad. It Ia, to the obaerver, all e. eaae or more or leas g ood and of brlnclnlt all the faculties to tbe blgheat poln't ot development. In the cue or Leon Ccolgosz. the trouble was tb&t. with a very ordinary davetopment In hla reuonlng, per· eoptlve, m orol and d omestic natures. he has a. wondertul over-development In bla executive, and at a critical mo· ment. tbe one when be heard his ftrat line ot e.narchy, It waa turned lnto the wron~ pt.th. AI to t he matter pbyslognometry, a few p ointe In hla tace will but rein· force wbnt hna been aald a bove. The breadth ancl angle ot his jaw abowed bla tnmendoua determination t.nd eontlnu lt,.. Bla upper Up was the lip of a n a ct or a nd ahowed tbe Intense llldng t or approval. Tbe corner• of bl~ mouth were lndlcntlvc of hla cruel. d estructive nature, anu .,. J.lle eyelid» showed more plainly th&n anything else In the whole f ace the proud,' aecre tlve, aelf-cont&lned 't.nd ael(·euftlclent chara cter. The e.ngle at which the bet.d waa polaad on tbe neck. not only In h is photographs but In bla actual habit, was a certain sign of bls reckless de· tlance which e.roae from hla desire tor combat and lack of love of lite. The creases under hie eyes showed that he had a poor eommaod ot language. The great est ape&kera Invariably have putry lower ~yell4s. Orators who have not are not naturally orators, and their efforts are heavy. · • Laetly, the eunnlnl' with which he plotted waa ahown In the develop m en t ot a little epot In' his forehead at the edge or the temple, where there Ia a little rl4a;e. BROUGHTON BRANDENBURG. � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Pan-American Exposition of 1901 Description An account of the resource The Pan-American Exposition was held in Buffalo, New York from May 1 to November 2, 1901. Buffalo was chosen as the location because of its size (at the time it was the eighth largest city in the U.S. with a population of approximately 350,000) and also because of its well suited railway connections. The grounds spread across 342 acres and were located between Delaware Park Lake to the south, the New York Central railroad track to the north, Delaware Avenue to the east, and Elmwood Avenue to the west. The Exposition included educational exhibits as well as a Midway. The educational exhibits showcased the latest advancements in technology, most notably electricity. A major feature was electric lighting which utilized hydroelectric power generated in nearby Niagara Falls. Many of the Exposition buildings, including the prominent Electric Tower, were covered in light-bulbs creating a beautiful and unprecedented sight. The Pan-American Exposition also hosted some of the top engine manufacturers of the time. These companies provided “working exhibits” that actually functioned in the day-to-day operation of the Exposition. The Midway at the Pan-American Exposition provided visitors with entertainment and consisted of more than 42 exhibits. Some of the main attractions of the Midway included the “House Upside Down,” “Cleopatra’s Temple”, and the “Foreign Villages.” The Pan-American Exposition is most widely known as the location of President McKinley’s assassination. On September 6, 1901, while in a receiving line at the Exposition’s Temple of Music, President McKinley was shot twice by anarchist, Leon Czolgosz. McKinley was taken to the Exposition’s hospital where he was operated on by a number of prominent Buffalo surgeons including Roswell Park. The President was then taken to the home of John Milburn, head of the Exposition’s Board of Directors, to recover. After his condition appeared to improve, McKinley eventually died on September 14, 1901 in the Milburn home due to infection and gangrene from the gun shot wounds. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context LIB-005 Subject The topic of the resource Pan-American Exposition (1901 : Buffalo, N.Y.) Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived State University of New York at Buffalo. University Archives Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available State University of New York at Buffalo. University Libraries Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Still Image A static visual representation. Examples of still images are: paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type "text" to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context LIB-005_0368 Is Part Of A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included. LIB-005 Pan-American Exposition of 1901. LIB-005 Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Photocopies Title A name given to the resource Czolgosz's Cranial and facial Characteristics Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Buffalo (N.Y.) Description An account of the resource Newspaper article describing Czologosz's facial and cranial characteristics Subject The topic of the resource CzolgoszLeon F.1873-1901 McKinleyWilliam--1843-1901 -- Assassination. Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="https://rightsstatements.org/page/NoC-US/1.0/">NO COPYRIGHT – UNITED STATES</a>. The organization that has made the Item available believes that the Item is in the Public Domain under the laws of the United States, but a determination was not made as to its copyright status under the copyright laws of other countries. The Item may not be in the Public Domain under the laws of other countries. Please refer to the organization that has made the Item available for more information. Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available State University of New York at Buffalo. University Libraries https://digital.lib.buffalo.edu/files/original/245123a4add8fde9810fc6b26c891ab7.jpg d59cd3dbc56efce8d692e7a46d5f94dc Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Description An account of the resource Streetcar with passengers seated inside and one person standing at the entrance. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Pan-American Exposition of 1901 Description An account of the resource The Pan-American Exposition was held in Buffalo, New York from May 1 to November 2, 1901. Buffalo was chosen as the location because of its size (at the time it was the eighth largest city in the U.S. with a population of approximately 350,000) and also because of its well suited railway connections. The grounds spread across 342 acres and were located between Delaware Park Lake to the south, the New York Central railroad track to the north, Delaware Avenue to the east, and Elmwood Avenue to the west. The Exposition included educational exhibits as well as a Midway. The educational exhibits showcased the latest advancements in technology, most notably electricity. A major feature was electric lighting which utilized hydroelectric power generated in nearby Niagara Falls. Many of the Exposition buildings, including the prominent Electric Tower, were covered in light-bulbs creating a beautiful and unprecedented sight. The Pan-American Exposition also hosted some of the top engine manufacturers of the time. These companies provided “working exhibits” that actually functioned in the day-to-day operation of the Exposition. The Midway at the Pan-American Exposition provided visitors with entertainment and consisted of more than 42 exhibits. Some of the main attractions of the Midway included the “House Upside Down,” “Cleopatra’s Temple”, and the “Foreign Villages.” The Pan-American Exposition is most widely known as the location of President McKinley’s assassination. On September 6, 1901, while in a receiving line at the Exposition’s Temple of Music, President McKinley was shot twice by anarchist, Leon Czolgosz. McKinley was taken to the Exposition’s hospital where he was operated on by a number of prominent Buffalo surgeons including Roswell Park. The President was then taken to the home of John Milburn, head of the Exposition’s Board of Directors, to recover. After his condition appeared to improve, McKinley eventually died on September 14, 1901 in the Milburn home due to infection and gangrene from the gun shot wounds. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context LIB-005 Subject The topic of the resource Pan-American Exposition (1901 : Buffalo, N.Y.) Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived State University of New York at Buffalo. University Archives Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available State University of New York at Buffalo. University Libraries Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Still Image A static visual representation. Examples of still images are: paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type "text" to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context LIB-005_0367 Is Part Of A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included. LIB-005 Pan-American Exposition of 1901. LIB-005 Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Photographic prints Title A name given to the resource President McKinley riding on the Great Gorge Railway at Niagara Falls, Sept. 5, 1901. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1901-09-21 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Western Electrician, v.29, no.2 (September 21, 1901) p.182. Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Niagara Falls (N.Y.) Subject The topic of the resource McKinleyWilliam1843-1901 McKinleyWilliam--1843-1901 -- Assassination. Niagara Falls (N.Y.)--Pictorial works Description An account of the resource A streetcar is shown on a track with several passengers seated inside and one person standing near the open entrance. The car is bordered by a wooden railing, and a hillside is visible in the background. Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="https://rightsstatements.org/page/NoC-US/1.0/">NO COPYRIGHT – UNITED STATES</a>. The organization that has made the Item available believes that the Item is in the Public Domain under the laws of the United States, but a determination was not made as to its copyright status under the copyright laws of other countries. The Item may not be in the Public Domain under the laws of other countries. Please refer to the organization that has made the Item available for more information. Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available State University of New York at Buffalo. University Libraries Great Gorge Railway McKinley, William Niagara Falls https://digital.lib.buffalo.edu/files/original/0f09a64b3619e075dd06ef3ab4ec1bf0.jpg 89bf9cf2a47b3b89d4d6a11b093b421c Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Description An account of the resource Decorated outdoor stage with American flags, seated officials, and a large crowd of spectators. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Pan-American Exposition of 1901 Description An account of the resource The Pan-American Exposition was held in Buffalo, New York from May 1 to November 2, 1901. Buffalo was chosen as the location because of its size (at the time it was the eighth largest city in the U.S. with a population of approximately 350,000) and also because of its well suited railway connections. The grounds spread across 342 acres and were located between Delaware Park Lake to the south, the New York Central railroad track to the north, Delaware Avenue to the east, and Elmwood Avenue to the west. The Exposition included educational exhibits as well as a Midway. The educational exhibits showcased the latest advancements in technology, most notably electricity. A major feature was electric lighting which utilized hydroelectric power generated in nearby Niagara Falls. Many of the Exposition buildings, including the prominent Electric Tower, were covered in light-bulbs creating a beautiful and unprecedented sight. The Pan-American Exposition also hosted some of the top engine manufacturers of the time. These companies provided “working exhibits” that actually functioned in the day-to-day operation of the Exposition. The Midway at the Pan-American Exposition provided visitors with entertainment and consisted of more than 42 exhibits. Some of the main attractions of the Midway included the “House Upside Down,” “Cleopatra’s Temple”, and the “Foreign Villages.” The Pan-American Exposition is most widely known as the location of President McKinley’s assassination. On September 6, 1901, while in a receiving line at the Exposition’s Temple of Music, President McKinley was shot twice by anarchist, Leon Czolgosz. McKinley was taken to the Exposition’s hospital where he was operated on by a number of prominent Buffalo surgeons including Roswell Park. The President was then taken to the home of John Milburn, head of the Exposition’s Board of Directors, to recover. After his condition appeared to improve, McKinley eventually died on September 14, 1901 in the Milburn home due to infection and gangrene from the gun shot wounds. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context LIB-005 Subject The topic of the resource Pan-American Exposition (1901 : Buffalo, N.Y.) Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived State University of New York at Buffalo. University Archives Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available State University of New York at Buffalo. University Libraries Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Still Image A static visual representation. Examples of still images are: paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type "text" to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context LIB-005_0366 Is Part Of A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included. LIB-005 Pan-American Exposition of 1901. LIB-005 Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Identification photographs Title A name given to the resource President McKinley's speech at the Pan-American Exposition Alternative Title An alternative name for the resource. The distinction between titles and alternative titles is application-specific. September 5, 1901 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Arnold, Charles Dudley Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1901-09-15 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Held in the Presidential Files of the Prints and Photographs Division of the Library of Congress. The image below appeared Buffalo Express, September 8, 1901. Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Buffalo (N.Y.) Description An account of the resource On Exposition grounds A large outdoor gathering shows a decorated stage draped with American flags and banners, surrounded by a crowd of spectators. People are seated on the stage, with additional individuals standing and watching from below. Subject The topic of the resource McKinleyWilliam1843-1901 McKinleyWilliam--1843-1901 -- Assassination. Pan-American Exposition (1901 : Buffalo, N.Y.) Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="https://rightsstatements.org/page/NoC-US/1.0/">NO COPYRIGHT – UNITED STATES</a>. The organization that has made the Item available believes that the Item is in the Public Domain under the laws of the United States, but a determination was not made as to its copyright status under the copyright laws of other countries. The Item may not be in the Public Domain under the laws of other countries. Please refer to the organization that has made the Item available for more information. Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available State University of New York at Buffalo. University Libraries crowd McKinley, William speech stage https://digital.lib.buffalo.edu/files/original/ca36edcd3f42d97c92f34e6b89a5c333.jpg e147d8f7833b3f627afc02cab7269bf6 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Description An account of the resource Group of people in formal attire gathered near an arched doorway. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Pan-American Exposition of 1901 Description An account of the resource The Pan-American Exposition was held in Buffalo, New York from May 1 to November 2, 1901. Buffalo was chosen as the location because of its size (at the time it was the eighth largest city in the U.S. with a population of approximately 350,000) and also because of its well suited railway connections. The grounds spread across 342 acres and were located between Delaware Park Lake to the south, the New York Central railroad track to the north, Delaware Avenue to the east, and Elmwood Avenue to the west. The Exposition included educational exhibits as well as a Midway. The educational exhibits showcased the latest advancements in technology, most notably electricity. A major feature was electric lighting which utilized hydroelectric power generated in nearby Niagara Falls. Many of the Exposition buildings, including the prominent Electric Tower, were covered in light-bulbs creating a beautiful and unprecedented sight. The Pan-American Exposition also hosted some of the top engine manufacturers of the time. These companies provided “working exhibits” that actually functioned in the day-to-day operation of the Exposition. The Midway at the Pan-American Exposition provided visitors with entertainment and consisted of more than 42 exhibits. Some of the main attractions of the Midway included the “House Upside Down,” “Cleopatra’s Temple”, and the “Foreign Villages.” The Pan-American Exposition is most widely known as the location of President McKinley’s assassination. On September 6, 1901, while in a receiving line at the Exposition’s Temple of Music, President McKinley was shot twice by anarchist, Leon Czolgosz. McKinley was taken to the Exposition’s hospital where he was operated on by a number of prominent Buffalo surgeons including Roswell Park. The President was then taken to the home of John Milburn, head of the Exposition’s Board of Directors, to recover. After his condition appeared to improve, McKinley eventually died on September 14, 1901 in the Milburn home due to infection and gangrene from the gun shot wounds. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context LIB-005 Subject The topic of the resource Pan-American Exposition (1901 : Buffalo, N.Y.) Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived State University of New York at Buffalo. University Archives Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available State University of New York at Buffalo. University Libraries Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Still Image A static visual representation. Examples of still images are: paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type "text" to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context LIB-005_0365 Is Part Of A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included. LIB-005 Pan-American Exposition of 1901. LIB-005 Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Photographic prints Title A name given to the resource President McKinley greeting well-wishers at a reception in the Temple of Music Alternative Title An alternative name for the resource. The distinction between titles and alternative titles is application-specific. September 6, 1901 (minutes before he was shot) Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1901-09-06 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived The Prints and Photographs Division of the Library of Congress. Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Buffalo (N.Y.) Description An account of the resource On Exposition grounds Interior views A group of people inclyuding President McKinley dressed in formal attire are gathered outside near an arched doorway. One individual in a light-colored dress and hat stands to the side, while others in dark suits are engaged in conversation. Subject The topic of the resource McKinleyWilliam1843-1901 McKinleyWilliam--1843-1901 -- Assassination. Pan-American Exposition--(1901:Buffalo, N.Y.)--Temple of Music Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="https://rightsstatements.org/page/NoC-US/1.0/">NO COPYRIGHT – UNITED STATES</a>. The organization that has made the Item available believes that the Item is in the Public Domain under the laws of the United States, but a determination was not made as to its copyright status under the copyright laws of other countries. The Item may not be in the Public Domain under the laws of other countries. Please refer to the organization that has made the Item available for more information. Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available State University of New York at Buffalo. University Libraries McKinley, William https://digital.lib.buffalo.edu/files/original/0b90f2a35f21fec73e3dff585c363d1d.jpg b6c2483f4c91c57a601a90c76063ccfe Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Description An account of the resource Group of formally dressed people standing indoors with palm plants and flags in the background. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Pan-American Exposition of 1901 Description An account of the resource The Pan-American Exposition was held in Buffalo, New York from May 1 to November 2, 1901. Buffalo was chosen as the location because of its size (at the time it was the eighth largest city in the U.S. with a population of approximately 350,000) and also because of its well suited railway connections. The grounds spread across 342 acres and were located between Delaware Park Lake to the south, the New York Central railroad track to the north, Delaware Avenue to the east, and Elmwood Avenue to the west. The Exposition included educational exhibits as well as a Midway. The educational exhibits showcased the latest advancements in technology, most notably electricity. A major feature was electric lighting which utilized hydroelectric power generated in nearby Niagara Falls. Many of the Exposition buildings, including the prominent Electric Tower, were covered in light-bulbs creating a beautiful and unprecedented sight. The Pan-American Exposition also hosted some of the top engine manufacturers of the time. These companies provided “working exhibits” that actually functioned in the day-to-day operation of the Exposition. The Midway at the Pan-American Exposition provided visitors with entertainment and consisted of more than 42 exhibits. Some of the main attractions of the Midway included the “House Upside Down,” “Cleopatra’s Temple”, and the “Foreign Villages.” The Pan-American Exposition is most widely known as the location of President McKinley’s assassination. On September 6, 1901, while in a receiving line at the Exposition’s Temple of Music, President McKinley was shot twice by anarchist, Leon Czolgosz. McKinley was taken to the Exposition’s hospital where he was operated on by a number of prominent Buffalo surgeons including Roswell Park. The President was then taken to the home of John Milburn, head of the Exposition’s Board of Directors, to recover. After his condition appeared to improve, McKinley eventually died on September 14, 1901 in the Milburn home due to infection and gangrene from the gun shot wounds. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context LIB-005 Subject The topic of the resource Pan-American Exposition (1901 : Buffalo, N.Y.) Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived State University of New York at Buffalo. University Archives Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available State University of New York at Buffalo. University Libraries Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Still Image A static visual representation. Examples of still images are: paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type "text" to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context LIB-005_0364 Is Part Of A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included. LIB-005 Pan-American Exposition of 1901. LIB-005 Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Photographic prints Title A name given to the resource "Last posed photograph" of president McKinley Alternative Title An alternative name for the resource. The distinction between titles and alternative titles is application-specific. In the Government Building on September 5, 1901 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Johnston, Frances Benjamin Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1901-09-05 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived From the Johnston Collection in the Prints and Photographs Division of the Library of Congress [LOT 11735]. Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Buffalo (N.Y.) Description An account of the resource On Exposition grounds Interior views A group of formally dressed individuals including President McKinley, stand together in an indoor setting with large palm plants and flags in the background. The central figure in the front row is flanked by others in suits and formal attire. Subject The topic of the resource McKinleyWilliam1843-1901 McKinleyWilliam--1843-1901 -- Assassination. Pan-American Exposition--(1901:Buffalo, N.Y.)—Government Building Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="https://rightsstatements.org/page/NoC-US/1.0/">NO COPYRIGHT – UNITED STATES</a>. The organization that has made the Item available believes that the Item is in the Public Domain under the laws of the United States, but a determination was not made as to its copyright status under the copyright laws of other countries. The Item may not be in the Public Domain under the laws of other countries. Please refer to the organization that has made the Item available for more information. Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available State University of New York at Buffalo. University Libraries Government Building McKinley, William https://digital.lib.buffalo.edu/files/original/91a0d3f479a40194c322ffed3f61a187.jpg e53fb7269c74d36cb189b02f96d793b0 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Description An account of the resource Group of people outdoors with one person in a light suit greeting another in a dark suit before a decorated structure. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Pan-American Exposition of 1901 Description An account of the resource The Pan-American Exposition was held in Buffalo, New York from May 1 to November 2, 1901. Buffalo was chosen as the location because of its size (at the time it was the eighth largest city in the U.S. with a population of approximately 350,000) and also because of its well suited railway connections. The grounds spread across 342 acres and were located between Delaware Park Lake to the south, the New York Central railroad track to the north, Delaware Avenue to the east, and Elmwood Avenue to the west. The Exposition included educational exhibits as well as a Midway. The educational exhibits showcased the latest advancements in technology, most notably electricity. A major feature was electric lighting which utilized hydroelectric power generated in nearby Niagara Falls. Many of the Exposition buildings, including the prominent Electric Tower, were covered in light-bulbs creating a beautiful and unprecedented sight. The Pan-American Exposition also hosted some of the top engine manufacturers of the time. These companies provided “working exhibits” that actually functioned in the day-to-day operation of the Exposition. The Midway at the Pan-American Exposition provided visitors with entertainment and consisted of more than 42 exhibits. Some of the main attractions of the Midway included the “House Upside Down,” “Cleopatra’s Temple”, and the “Foreign Villages.” The Pan-American Exposition is most widely known as the location of President McKinley’s assassination. On September 6, 1901, while in a receiving line at the Exposition’s Temple of Music, President McKinley was shot twice by anarchist, Leon Czolgosz. McKinley was taken to the Exposition’s hospital where he was operated on by a number of prominent Buffalo surgeons including Roswell Park. The President was then taken to the home of John Milburn, head of the Exposition’s Board of Directors, to recover. After his condition appeared to improve, McKinley eventually died on September 14, 1901 in the Milburn home due to infection and gangrene from the gun shot wounds. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context LIB-005 Subject The topic of the resource Pan-American Exposition (1901 : Buffalo, N.Y.) Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived State University of New York at Buffalo. University Archives Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available State University of New York at Buffalo. University Libraries Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Still Image A static visual representation. Examples of still images are: paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type "text" to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context LIB-005_0363 Is Part Of A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included. LIB-005 Pan-American Exposition of 1901. LIB-005 Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Photographic prints Title A name given to the resource Shaking hands with the president, September 5, 1901 Alternative Title An alternative name for the resource. The distinction between titles and alternative titles is application-specific. Photograph taken in the corridor of the Government Building. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1901-09-15 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived The Buffalo Express, September 15, 1901. Reproduced in The Illustrated Buffalo Express. Buffalo, N.Y. : J. N. Matthews Company, 1901. Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Buffalo (N.Y.) Subject The topic of the resource McKinleyWilliam1843-1901 McKinleyWilliam--1843-1901 -- Assassination. Pan-American Exposition (1901:Buffalo)--Buildings Pan-American Exposition--(1901:Buffalo, N.Y.)—Government Building Description An account of the resource A group of formally dressed individuals are gathered outdoors in front of a large decorated structure. One person in a light suit leans forward to greet or shake hands with President McKinley in a dark suit at the center of the scene. Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="https://rightsstatements.org/page/NoC-US/1.0/">NO COPYRIGHT – UNITED STATES</a>. The organization that has made the Item available believes that the Item is in the Public Domain under the laws of the United States, but a determination was not made as to its copyright status under the copyright laws of other countries. The Item may not be in the Public Domain under the laws of other countries. Please refer to the organization that has made the Item available for more information. Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available State University of New York at Buffalo. University Libraries Government Building McKinley, William https://digital.lib.buffalo.edu/files/original/0c3c4032571ebbbfde876ba152e23e08.jpg def98d8b84c1fa78f5a4a5fd066a0411 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Description An account of the resource Two people indoors, one seated in a light dress and the other standing in a dark suit. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Pan-American Exposition of 1901 Description An account of the resource The Pan-American Exposition was held in Buffalo, New York from May 1 to November 2, 1901. Buffalo was chosen as the location because of its size (at the time it was the eighth largest city in the U.S. with a population of approximately 350,000) and also because of its well suited railway connections. The grounds spread across 342 acres and were located between Delaware Park Lake to the south, the New York Central railroad track to the north, Delaware Avenue to the east, and Elmwood Avenue to the west. The Exposition included educational exhibits as well as a Midway. The educational exhibits showcased the latest advancements in technology, most notably electricity. A major feature was electric lighting which utilized hydroelectric power generated in nearby Niagara Falls. Many of the Exposition buildings, including the prominent Electric Tower, were covered in light-bulbs creating a beautiful and unprecedented sight. The Pan-American Exposition also hosted some of the top engine manufacturers of the time. These companies provided “working exhibits” that actually functioned in the day-to-day operation of the Exposition. The Midway at the Pan-American Exposition provided visitors with entertainment and consisted of more than 42 exhibits. Some of the main attractions of the Midway included the “House Upside Down,” “Cleopatra’s Temple”, and the “Foreign Villages.” The Pan-American Exposition is most widely known as the location of President McKinley’s assassination. On September 6, 1901, while in a receiving line at the Exposition’s Temple of Music, President McKinley was shot twice by anarchist, Leon Czolgosz. McKinley was taken to the Exposition’s hospital where he was operated on by a number of prominent Buffalo surgeons including Roswell Park. The President was then taken to the home of John Milburn, head of the Exposition’s Board of Directors, to recover. After his condition appeared to improve, McKinley eventually died on September 14, 1901 in the Milburn home due to infection and gangrene from the gun shot wounds. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context LIB-005 Subject The topic of the resource Pan-American Exposition (1901 : Buffalo, N.Y.) Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived State University of New York at Buffalo. University Archives Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available State University of New York at Buffalo. University Libraries Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Still Image A static visual representation. Examples of still images are: paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type "text" to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context LIB-005_0362 Is Part Of A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included. LIB-005 Pan-American Exposition of 1901. LIB-005 Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Portrait photographs Title A name given to the resource President and Mrs. McKinley Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Dinst, B. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Photograph from the collection of the Prints and Photographs Division of the Library of Congress. In Margaret Leech, In the Days of McKinley, New York : Harper & Row, 1959. Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Washington (D.C.) Description An account of the resource On Exposition grounds A black-and-white portrait shows two individuals indoors. Mrs. McKinley is seated in a chair wearing a long, light-colored dress, while President McKinley stands beside her dressed in a dark suit. Bookshelves and furnishings are visible in the background. Subject The topic of the resource McKinleyIda Saxton1847-1907 McKinleyWilliam1843-1901 McKinleyWilliam--1843-1901 -- Assassination. Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="https://rightsstatements.org/page/NoC-US/1.0/">NO COPYRIGHT – UNITED STATES</a>. The organization that has made the Item available believes that the Item is in the Public Domain under the laws of the United States, but a determination was not made as to its copyright status under the copyright laws of other countries. The Item may not be in the Public Domain under the laws of other countries. Please refer to the organization that has made the Item available for more information. Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available State University of New York at Buffalo. University Libraries McKinley, Ida McKinley, William https://digital.lib.buffalo.edu/files/original/1fe0d60952e554cbcacc2bc223c4db0d.jpg 361bf0030e0c2463139965bddb519b95 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Description An account of the resource Illustration of three figures in robes honoring busts of Lincoln and another marked as "Heroic Martyrs." Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Pan-American Exposition of 1901 Description An account of the resource The Pan-American Exposition was held in Buffalo, New York from May 1 to November 2, 1901. Buffalo was chosen as the location because of its size (at the time it was the eighth largest city in the U.S. with a population of approximately 350,000) and also because of its well suited railway connections. The grounds spread across 342 acres and were located between Delaware Park Lake to the south, the New York Central railroad track to the north, Delaware Avenue to the east, and Elmwood Avenue to the west. The Exposition included educational exhibits as well as a Midway. The educational exhibits showcased the latest advancements in technology, most notably electricity. A major feature was electric lighting which utilized hydroelectric power generated in nearby Niagara Falls. Many of the Exposition buildings, including the prominent Electric Tower, were covered in light-bulbs creating a beautiful and unprecedented sight. The Pan-American Exposition also hosted some of the top engine manufacturers of the time. These companies provided “working exhibits” that actually functioned in the day-to-day operation of the Exposition. The Midway at the Pan-American Exposition provided visitors with entertainment and consisted of more than 42 exhibits. Some of the main attractions of the Midway included the “House Upside Down,” “Cleopatra’s Temple”, and the “Foreign Villages.” The Pan-American Exposition is most widely known as the location of President McKinley’s assassination. On September 6, 1901, while in a receiving line at the Exposition’s Temple of Music, President McKinley was shot twice by anarchist, Leon Czolgosz. McKinley was taken to the Exposition’s hospital where he was operated on by a number of prominent Buffalo surgeons including Roswell Park. The President was then taken to the home of John Milburn, head of the Exposition’s Board of Directors, to recover. After his condition appeared to improve, McKinley eventually died on September 14, 1901 in the Milburn home due to infection and gangrene from the gun shot wounds. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context LIB-005 Subject The topic of the resource Pan-American Exposition (1901 : Buffalo, N.Y.) Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived State University of New York at Buffalo. University Archives Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available State University of New York at Buffalo. University Libraries Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Still Image A static visual representation. Examples of still images are: paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type "text" to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context LIB-005_0361 Is Part Of A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included. LIB-005 Pan-American Exposition of 1901. LIB-005 Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Caricatures Title A name given to the resource At the Threshold Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1901-09-14 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Harper's Weekly, vol.45, no.2334 (September 14, 1901) p. 909 Subject The topic of the resource McKinleyWilliam1843-1901 McKinleyWilliam-- 1843-1901 --Death & burial. Description An account of the resource An illustration shows three robed figures standing before two sculpted busts on pedestals. One pedestal is labeled "Lincoln," while the other bust is set within an arch inscribed with the words "Heroic Martyrs." The figures appear to be paying respect to the statues. Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="https://rightsstatements.org/page/NoC-US/1.0/">NO COPYRIGHT – UNITED STATES</a>. The organization that has made the Item available believes that the Item is in the Public Domain under the laws of the United States, but a determination was not made as to its copyright status under the copyright laws of other countries. The Item may not be in the Public Domain under the laws of other countries. Please refer to the organization that has made the Item available for more information. Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available State University of New York at Buffalo. University Libraries Garfield, Chester A. Lincoln, Abraham McKinley, William https://digital.lib.buffalo.edu/files/original/c8b7741ebc5f441907407677b0c0c374.jpg d190259d5ea6f1b08f7bc36d93e16f57 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Description An account of the resource Crowd of people in formal clothing gathered on a wet street with buildings and an American flag in the background. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Pan-American Exposition of 1901 Description An account of the resource The Pan-American Exposition was held in Buffalo, New York from May 1 to November 2, 1901. Buffalo was chosen as the location because of its size (at the time it was the eighth largest city in the U.S. with a population of approximately 350,000) and also because of its well suited railway connections. The grounds spread across 342 acres and were located between Delaware Park Lake to the south, the New York Central railroad track to the north, Delaware Avenue to the east, and Elmwood Avenue to the west. The Exposition included educational exhibits as well as a Midway. The educational exhibits showcased the latest advancements in technology, most notably electricity. A major feature was electric lighting which utilized hydroelectric power generated in nearby Niagara Falls. Many of the Exposition buildings, including the prominent Electric Tower, were covered in light-bulbs creating a beautiful and unprecedented sight. The Pan-American Exposition also hosted some of the top engine manufacturers of the time. These companies provided “working exhibits” that actually functioned in the day-to-day operation of the Exposition. The Midway at the Pan-American Exposition provided visitors with entertainment and consisted of more than 42 exhibits. Some of the main attractions of the Midway included the “House Upside Down,” “Cleopatra’s Temple”, and the “Foreign Villages.” The Pan-American Exposition is most widely known as the location of President McKinley’s assassination. On September 6, 1901, while in a receiving line at the Exposition’s Temple of Music, President McKinley was shot twice by anarchist, Leon Czolgosz. McKinley was taken to the Exposition’s hospital where he was operated on by a number of prominent Buffalo surgeons including Roswell Park. The President was then taken to the home of John Milburn, head of the Exposition’s Board of Directors, to recover. After his condition appeared to improve, McKinley eventually died on September 14, 1901 in the Milburn home due to infection and gangrene from the gun shot wounds. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context LIB-005 Subject The topic of the resource Pan-American Exposition (1901 : Buffalo, N.Y.) Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived State University of New York at Buffalo. University Archives Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available State University of New York at Buffalo. University Libraries Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Still Image A static visual representation. Examples of still images are: paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type "text" to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context LIB-005_0360 Is Part Of A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included. LIB-005 Pan-American Exposition of 1901. LIB-005 Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Memorial photographs Title A name given to the resource Citizens at City Hall await viewing Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1901-09-15 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Harper's Weekly, vol.45, no.2335 (September 21, 1901) p.966. Description An account of the resource On Exposition grounds Exterior views A large crowd is gathered on a wet street, with people standing in line or walking in procession. Many are dressed in formal clothing, and some wear hats. Buildings and an American flag are visible in the background. Subject The topic of the resource McKinleyWilliam1843-1901 McKinleyWilliam-- 1843-1901 --Death & burial. Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="https://rightsstatements.org/page/NoC-US/1.0/">NO COPYRIGHT – UNITED STATES</a>. The organization that has made the Item available believes that the Item is in the Public Domain under the laws of the United States, but a determination was not made as to its copyright status under the copyright laws of other countries. The Item may not be in the Public Domain under the laws of other countries. Please refer to the organization that has made the Item available for more information. Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available State University of New York at Buffalo. University Libraries crowd funeral McKinley https://digital.lib.buffalo.edu/files/original/addb4fb184869e6f88bc54b0b8648d7c.jpg 64f6219dc6e86609d14a6081299fadbb Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Description An account of the resource Illustration of a crowded scene with people in formal attire, one figure recoiling as others react around them beneath large flags. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Pan-American Exposition of 1901 Description An account of the resource The Pan-American Exposition was held in Buffalo, New York from May 1 to November 2, 1901. Buffalo was chosen as the location because of its size (at the time it was the eighth largest city in the U.S. with a population of approximately 350,000) and also because of its well suited railway connections. The grounds spread across 342 acres and were located between Delaware Park Lake to the south, the New York Central railroad track to the north, Delaware Avenue to the east, and Elmwood Avenue to the west. The Exposition included educational exhibits as well as a Midway. The educational exhibits showcased the latest advancements in technology, most notably electricity. A major feature was electric lighting which utilized hydroelectric power generated in nearby Niagara Falls. Many of the Exposition buildings, including the prominent Electric Tower, were covered in light-bulbs creating a beautiful and unprecedented sight. The Pan-American Exposition also hosted some of the top engine manufacturers of the time. These companies provided “working exhibits” that actually functioned in the day-to-day operation of the Exposition. The Midway at the Pan-American Exposition provided visitors with entertainment and consisted of more than 42 exhibits. Some of the main attractions of the Midway included the “House Upside Down,” “Cleopatra’s Temple”, and the “Foreign Villages.” The Pan-American Exposition is most widely known as the location of President McKinley’s assassination. On September 6, 1901, while in a receiving line at the Exposition’s Temple of Music, President McKinley was shot twice by anarchist, Leon Czolgosz. McKinley was taken to the Exposition’s hospital where he was operated on by a number of prominent Buffalo surgeons including Roswell Park. The President was then taken to the home of John Milburn, head of the Exposition’s Board of Directors, to recover. After his condition appeared to improve, McKinley eventually died on September 14, 1901 in the Milburn home due to infection and gangrene from the gun shot wounds. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context LIB-005 Subject The topic of the resource Pan-American Exposition (1901 : Buffalo, N.Y.) Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived State University of New York at Buffalo. University Archives Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available State University of New York at Buffalo. University Libraries Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Still Image A static visual representation. Examples of still images are: paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type "text" to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context LIB-005_0359 Is Part Of A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included. LIB-005 Pan-American Exposition of 1901. LIB-005 Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Magazine covers Title A name given to the resource Shooting of president McKinley on the stage of the Temple of Music Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1901-09-06 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived The cover of the September 21, 1901 issue of Leslie's Weekly. Description An account of the resource On Exposition grounds Interior views An illustration depicts a dramatic scene with a group of formally dressed individuals under large flags and decorations. In the center, one person is shown recoiling while others around them appear to react with alarm, reaching out in different directions. Subject The topic of the resource CzolgoszLeon F.1873-1901 McKinleyWilliam1843-1901 McKinleyWilliam--1843-1901 -- Assassination. Pan-American Exposition--(1901:Buffalo, N.Y.)--Temple of Music Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="https://rightsstatements.org/page/NoC-US/1.0/">NO COPYRIGHT – UNITED STATES</a>. The organization that has made the Item available believes that the Item is in the Public Domain under the laws of the United States, but a determination was not made as to its copyright status under the copyright laws of other countries. The Item may not be in the Public Domain under the laws of other countries. Please refer to the organization that has made the Item available for more information. Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available State University of New York at Buffalo. University Libraries assassination McKinley Temple of Music https://digital.lib.buffalo.edu/files/original/0d7629f107d68c6a5542ce0729ae4076.jpg af936e4d867f12b67d18c4afbd0ed1d5 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Description An account of the resource Pallbearers carry a casket down the steps of a stone building as people in formal attire look on. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Pan-American Exposition of 1901 Description An account of the resource The Pan-American Exposition was held in Buffalo, New York from May 1 to November 2, 1901. Buffalo was chosen as the location because of its size (at the time it was the eighth largest city in the U.S. with a population of approximately 350,000) and also because of its well suited railway connections. The grounds spread across 342 acres and were located between Delaware Park Lake to the south, the New York Central railroad track to the north, Delaware Avenue to the east, and Elmwood Avenue to the west. The Exposition included educational exhibits as well as a Midway. The educational exhibits showcased the latest advancements in technology, most notably electricity. A major feature was electric lighting which utilized hydroelectric power generated in nearby Niagara Falls. Many of the Exposition buildings, including the prominent Electric Tower, were covered in light-bulbs creating a beautiful and unprecedented sight. The Pan-American Exposition also hosted some of the top engine manufacturers of the time. These companies provided “working exhibits” that actually functioned in the day-to-day operation of the Exposition. The Midway at the Pan-American Exposition provided visitors with entertainment and consisted of more than 42 exhibits. Some of the main attractions of the Midway included the “House Upside Down,” “Cleopatra’s Temple”, and the “Foreign Villages.” The Pan-American Exposition is most widely known as the location of President McKinley’s assassination. On September 6, 1901, while in a receiving line at the Exposition’s Temple of Music, President McKinley was shot twice by anarchist, Leon Czolgosz. McKinley was taken to the Exposition’s hospital where he was operated on by a number of prominent Buffalo surgeons including Roswell Park. The President was then taken to the home of John Milburn, head of the Exposition’s Board of Directors, to recover. After his condition appeared to improve, McKinley eventually died on September 14, 1901 in the Milburn home due to infection and gangrene from the gun shot wounds. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context LIB-005 Subject The topic of the resource Pan-American Exposition (1901 : Buffalo, N.Y.) Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived State University of New York at Buffalo. University Archives Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available State University of New York at Buffalo. University Libraries Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Still Image A static visual representation. Examples of still images are: paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type "text" to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context LIB-005_0358 Is Part Of A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included. LIB-005 Pan-American Exposition of 1901. LIB-005 Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Memorial photographs, Photographic prints Title A name given to the resource Funeral services at the First Methodist Episcopal Church in Canton Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1901-09-19 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Harper's Weekly, vol.45, no.2335 (September 21, 1901) p. 973 Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Canton (Ohio) Subject The topic of the resource McKinleyWilliam1843-1901 First Methodist Episcopal Church (CantonOhio) McKinleyWilliam-- 1843-1901 --Death & burial. Description An account of the resource A group of people are gathered outside a stone building with a large doorway. Pallbearers carry a casket draped in fabric down the steps, while others stand in formal attire observing the procession. Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="https://rightsstatements.org/page/NoC-US/1.0/">NO COPYRIGHT – UNITED STATES</a>. The organization that has made the Item available believes that the Item is in the Public Domain under the laws of the United States, but a determination was not made as to its copyright status under the copyright laws of other countries. The Item may not be in the Public Domain under the laws of other countries. Please refer to the organization that has made the Item available for more information. Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available State University of New York at Buffalo. University Libraries Canton First Methodist Episcopal Church funeral McKinley Ohio https://digital.lib.buffalo.edu/files/original/83512504d545b0af9593143cead04bcd.jpg 148e2b495989cc61cfa8e6f3baaba70f Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Description An account of the resource Funeral procession with carriages and crowds lining wet city streets. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Pan-American Exposition of 1901 Description An account of the resource The Pan-American Exposition was held in Buffalo, New York from May 1 to November 2, 1901. Buffalo was chosen as the location because of its size (at the time it was the eighth largest city in the U.S. with a population of approximately 350,000) and also because of its well suited railway connections. The grounds spread across 342 acres and were located between Delaware Park Lake to the south, the New York Central railroad track to the north, Delaware Avenue to the east, and Elmwood Avenue to the west. The Exposition included educational exhibits as well as a Midway. The educational exhibits showcased the latest advancements in technology, most notably electricity. A major feature was electric lighting which utilized hydroelectric power generated in nearby Niagara Falls. Many of the Exposition buildings, including the prominent Electric Tower, were covered in light-bulbs creating a beautiful and unprecedented sight. The Pan-American Exposition also hosted some of the top engine manufacturers of the time. These companies provided “working exhibits” that actually functioned in the day-to-day operation of the Exposition. The Midway at the Pan-American Exposition provided visitors with entertainment and consisted of more than 42 exhibits. Some of the main attractions of the Midway included the “House Upside Down,” “Cleopatra’s Temple”, and the “Foreign Villages.” The Pan-American Exposition is most widely known as the location of President McKinley’s assassination. On September 6, 1901, while in a receiving line at the Exposition’s Temple of Music, President McKinley was shot twice by anarchist, Leon Czolgosz. McKinley was taken to the Exposition’s hospital where he was operated on by a number of prominent Buffalo surgeons including Roswell Park. The President was then taken to the home of John Milburn, head of the Exposition’s Board of Directors, to recover. After his condition appeared to improve, McKinley eventually died on September 14, 1901 in the Milburn home due to infection and gangrene from the gun shot wounds. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context LIB-005 Subject The topic of the resource Pan-American Exposition (1901 : Buffalo, N.Y.) Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived State University of New York at Buffalo. University Archives Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available State University of New York at Buffalo. University Libraries Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Still Image A static visual representation. Examples of still images are: paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type "text" to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context LIB-005_0357 Is Part Of A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included. LIB-005 Pan-American Exposition of 1901. LIB-005 Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Memorial works, Photographic prints Title A name given to the resource McKinley's casket arrives at Buffalo City Hall Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1901-09-15 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived American Monthly Review of Reviews, vol.24, no.4 (October 1901) p. 426 Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Buffalo (N.Y.) Description An account of the resource Outside of Buffalo City Hall President McKinley's funeral procession moves through a wet city street, with crowds lining the sidewalks and carriages following along the route. People are gathered in groups, and the scene is framed by stone steps and buildings in the background. Subject The topic of the resource McKinleyWilliam1843-1901 McKinleyWilliam-- 1843-1901 --Death & burial. Buffalo City Hall (Buffalo, N.Y.) Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="https://rightsstatements.org/page/NoC-US/1.0/">NO COPYRIGHT – UNITED STATES</a>. The organization that has made the Item available believes that the Item is in the Public Domain under the laws of the United States, but a determination was not made as to its copyright status under the copyright laws of other countries. The Item may not be in the Public Domain under the laws of other countries. Please refer to the organization that has made the Item available for more information. Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available State University of New York at Buffalo. University Libraries Buffalo City Hall Casket McKinley https://digital.lib.buffalo.edu/files/original/ba0bb95bae45449e4701ab33d2adec9f.jpg f83eaaf4630246891233799bac27e89a Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Description An account of the resource Pallbearers carrying a flower-covered casket into a stone building with an American flag in the foreground. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Pan-American Exposition of 1901 Description An account of the resource The Pan-American Exposition was held in Buffalo, New York from May 1 to November 2, 1901. Buffalo was chosen as the location because of its size (at the time it was the eighth largest city in the U.S. with a population of approximately 350,000) and also because of its well suited railway connections. The grounds spread across 342 acres and were located between Delaware Park Lake to the south, the New York Central railroad track to the north, Delaware Avenue to the east, and Elmwood Avenue to the west. The Exposition included educational exhibits as well as a Midway. The educational exhibits showcased the latest advancements in technology, most notably electricity. A major feature was electric lighting which utilized hydroelectric power generated in nearby Niagara Falls. Many of the Exposition buildings, including the prominent Electric Tower, were covered in light-bulbs creating a beautiful and unprecedented sight. The Pan-American Exposition also hosted some of the top engine manufacturers of the time. These companies provided “working exhibits” that actually functioned in the day-to-day operation of the Exposition. The Midway at the Pan-American Exposition provided visitors with entertainment and consisted of more than 42 exhibits. Some of the main attractions of the Midway included the “House Upside Down,” “Cleopatra’s Temple”, and the “Foreign Villages.” The Pan-American Exposition is most widely known as the location of President McKinley’s assassination. On September 6, 1901, while in a receiving line at the Exposition’s Temple of Music, President McKinley was shot twice by anarchist, Leon Czolgosz. McKinley was taken to the Exposition’s hospital where he was operated on by a number of prominent Buffalo surgeons including Roswell Park. The President was then taken to the home of John Milburn, head of the Exposition’s Board of Directors, to recover. After his condition appeared to improve, McKinley eventually died on September 14, 1901 in the Milburn home due to infection and gangrene from the gun shot wounds. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context LIB-005 Subject The topic of the resource Pan-American Exposition (1901 : Buffalo, N.Y.) Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived State University of New York at Buffalo. University Archives Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available State University of New York at Buffalo. University Libraries Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Still Image A static visual representation. Examples of still images are: paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type "text" to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context LIB-005_0356 Is Part Of A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included. LIB-005 Pan-American Exposition of 1901. LIB-005 Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Memorial photographs, Photographic prints Title A name given to the resource Solemn procession from the train station to the Stark County Court House Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1901-09-18 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Harper's Weekly, vol.45, no.2335 (September 21, 1901) p. 973 Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Canton (Ohio) Subject The topic of the resource McKinleyWilliam1843-1901 McKinleyWilliam-- 1843-1901 --Death & burial. Description An account of the resource Pallbearers carry a casket draped with flowers into a stone building. Several onlookers stand nearby, and a large American flag hangs prominently in the foreground. The ground appears wet, suggesting recent rain. Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="https://rightsstatements.org/page/NoC-US/1.0/">NO COPYRIGHT – UNITED STATES</a>. The organization that has made the Item available believes that the Item is in the Public Domain under the laws of the United States, but a determination was not made as to its copyright status under the copyright laws of other countries. The Item may not be in the Public Domain under the laws of other countries. Please refer to the organization that has made the Item available for more information. Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available State University of New York at Buffalo. University Libraries McKinley, Stark County, funeral procession https://digital.lib.buffalo.edu/files/original/43c3d7991a68590ac2dcff445aaa8e44.jpg 31d266bd03deb1c5ced71468b076c91e Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Description An account of the resource Crowd gathered at an exposition building with a horse-drawn carriage passing in front. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Pan-American Exposition of 1901 Description An account of the resource The Pan-American Exposition was held in Buffalo, New York from May 1 to November 2, 1901. Buffalo was chosen as the location because of its size (at the time it was the eighth largest city in the U.S. with a population of approximately 350,000) and also because of its well suited railway connections. The grounds spread across 342 acres and were located between Delaware Park Lake to the south, the New York Central railroad track to the north, Delaware Avenue to the east, and Elmwood Avenue to the west. The Exposition included educational exhibits as well as a Midway. The educational exhibits showcased the latest advancements in technology, most notably electricity. A major feature was electric lighting which utilized hydroelectric power generated in nearby Niagara Falls. Many of the Exposition buildings, including the prominent Electric Tower, were covered in light-bulbs creating a beautiful and unprecedented sight. The Pan-American Exposition also hosted some of the top engine manufacturers of the time. These companies provided “working exhibits” that actually functioned in the day-to-day operation of the Exposition. The Midway at the Pan-American Exposition provided visitors with entertainment and consisted of more than 42 exhibits. Some of the main attractions of the Midway included the “House Upside Down,” “Cleopatra’s Temple”, and the “Foreign Villages.” The Pan-American Exposition is most widely known as the location of President McKinley’s assassination. On September 6, 1901, while in a receiving line at the Exposition’s Temple of Music, President McKinley was shot twice by anarchist, Leon Czolgosz. McKinley was taken to the Exposition’s hospital where he was operated on by a number of prominent Buffalo surgeons including Roswell Park. The President was then taken to the home of John Milburn, head of the Exposition’s Board of Directors, to recover. After his condition appeared to improve, McKinley eventually died on September 14, 1901 in the Milburn home due to infection and gangrene from the gun shot wounds. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context LIB-005 Subject The topic of the resource Pan-American Exposition (1901 : Buffalo, N.Y.) Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived State University of New York at Buffalo. University Archives Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available State University of New York at Buffalo. University Libraries Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Still Image A static visual representation. Examples of still images are: paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type "text" to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context LIB-005_0355 Is Part Of A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included. LIB-005 Pan-American Exposition of 1901. LIB-005 Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Photographic prints Title A name given to the resource President and Mrs. McKinley touring the Exposition Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Johnston, Frances Benjamin Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1901-09-05 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived The Johnston Collection in the Prints and Photographs Division of the Library of Congress. Appeared in the September 8, 1901 Buffalo Express Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Buffalo (N.Y.) Description An account of the resource On Exposition grounds A large crowd gathers in front of a grand exposition building while a horse-drawn carriage carrying several people moves through the scene. Spectators fill the steps and surrounding areas of the structure in the background. Subject The topic of the resource McKinleyIda Saxton1847-1907 McKinleyWilliam1843-1901 McKinleyWilliam--1843-1901 -- Assassination. Pan-American Exposition (1901 : Buffalo, N.Y.) Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="https://rightsstatements.org/page/NoC-US/1.0/">NO COPYRIGHT – UNITED STATES</a>. The organization that has made the Item available believes that the Item is in the Public Domain under the laws of the United States, but a determination was not made as to its copyright status under the copyright laws of other countries. The Item may not be in the Public Domain under the laws of other countries. Please refer to the organization that has made the Item available for more information. Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available State University of New York at Buffalo. University Libraries McKinley, Mrs. McKinley, Temple of Music https://digital.lib.buffalo.edu/files/original/4ddaaa428b228c64f60e59ee92d9d440.jpg affb3e1015e26821e8e5e3d83d46104c Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Description An account of the resource Three men in an open carriage, two wearing top hats, in front of a building with large windows. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Pan-American Exposition of 1901 Description An account of the resource The Pan-American Exposition was held in Buffalo, New York from May 1 to November 2, 1901. Buffalo was chosen as the location because of its size (at the time it was the eighth largest city in the U.S. with a population of approximately 350,000) and also because of its well suited railway connections. The grounds spread across 342 acres and were located between Delaware Park Lake to the south, the New York Central railroad track to the north, Delaware Avenue to the east, and Elmwood Avenue to the west. The Exposition included educational exhibits as well as a Midway. The educational exhibits showcased the latest advancements in technology, most notably electricity. A major feature was electric lighting which utilized hydroelectric power generated in nearby Niagara Falls. Many of the Exposition buildings, including the prominent Electric Tower, were covered in light-bulbs creating a beautiful and unprecedented sight. The Pan-American Exposition also hosted some of the top engine manufacturers of the time. These companies provided “working exhibits” that actually functioned in the day-to-day operation of the Exposition. The Midway at the Pan-American Exposition provided visitors with entertainment and consisted of more than 42 exhibits. Some of the main attractions of the Midway included the “House Upside Down,” “Cleopatra’s Temple”, and the “Foreign Villages.” The Pan-American Exposition is most widely known as the location of President McKinley’s assassination. On September 6, 1901, while in a receiving line at the Exposition’s Temple of Music, President McKinley was shot twice by anarchist, Leon Czolgosz. McKinley was taken to the Exposition’s hospital where he was operated on by a number of prominent Buffalo surgeons including Roswell Park. The President was then taken to the home of John Milburn, head of the Exposition’s Board of Directors, to recover. After his condition appeared to improve, McKinley eventually died on September 14, 1901 in the Milburn home due to infection and gangrene from the gun shot wounds. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context LIB-005 Subject The topic of the resource Pan-American Exposition (1901 : Buffalo, N.Y.) Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived State University of New York at Buffalo. University Archives Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available State University of New York at Buffalo. University Libraries Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Still Image A static visual representation. Examples of still images are: paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type "text" to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context LIB-005_0354 Is Part Of A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included. LIB-005 Pan-American Exposition of 1901. LIB-005 Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Photographic prints Title A name given to the resource President McKinley in carriage on way to the reception at the Temple of Music Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Johnston, Frances Benjamin Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1901-09-05 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived From the Johnston Collection in the Prints and Photographs Division of the Library of Congress. Also appears in Pete Daniel and Raymond Smock. A Talent For Detail : The Photographs of Miss Frances Benjamin Johnston, 1889-1910. New York : Harmony Books, [1974], p. 72 Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Buffalo (N.Y.) Description An account of the resource On Exposition grounds Three men ride in an open carriage, with two wearing top hats and seated on either side of the third man. The carriage is positioned in front of a building with large windows. Subject The topic of the resource Buffalo(N.Y.)--Exhibitions CourtelyouGeorge B. McKinleyWilliam1843-1901 MilburnJohn McKinleyWilliam--1843-1901 -- Assassination. Pan-American Exposition--(1901:Buffalo, N.Y.)--Temple of Music Pan-American Exposition (1901 : Buffalo, N.Y.) Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="https://rightsstatements.org/page/NoC-US/1.0/">NO COPYRIGHT – UNITED STATES</a>. The organization that has made the Item available believes that the Item is in the Public Domain under the laws of the United States, but a determination was not made as to its copyright status under the copyright laws of other countries. The Item may not be in the Public Domain under the laws of other countries. Please refer to the organization that has made the Item available for more information. Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available State University of New York at Buffalo. University Libraries Courtelyou McKinley Milburn Temple of Music https://digital.lib.buffalo.edu/files/original/54c142f528f0004b79aba5874388ec36.pdf 12ebd7b28dae96c8288303d35a9c0dfd PDF Text Text Courier Friday, September 6, 1901. Flashes From -The- Rainbow City. A Day With the President. (Sightly [illegible]) Time- Yesterday Place- The Exposition grounds. Characters- The President and others as needed. HeraldHere's the main squeeze. Take care not to sneeze, President McKinley has come to the Shake out in the breeze Your handkerchiefs, please. To President McKinley now make your heads bare! Crowd— And now I'm in for shakes some more; But I'll cut this bunch on the run. I've seen them all in Washington. Late at night; after the fireworks. The PresidentThis day and a night's enough for me. And, bless me, what a lot to see! What a lot of bows to make And when a lot of hands to shake; And so a day and night are spentAnd many of them for thePresident Crowd (in chorus)Tired, so tired, we hardly cam get home. Tired, so tired, why did we ever roam? Tired, so tired, why was it that we went? Tired, so tired, but we saw the President. Need For Haste. One Day Visitor No. 1- What are you hurrying so for? One Day Visitor No. 2—I've got to hurry. There are thirteen more buildings I haven't seen yet. Hail to the chief Thanks for relief. We've been squshed and squoze Our corns have been trod on And also our toes. But the President is here So this push will soon clear; All hail to McKinley: The nation's great chief, Thank goodness he's got here And brought us relief. The President (bowing from carriage) The honors due to a President I'm glad to see so freely lent. I', glad to be here at your Fair And pleased with all I've seen, I swear: I thank the fates which rule below That I could come to see your show. It's charming here and you should know I'm pleased to be in Buffalo Crowd (in chorus)— He’s pleased to be in Buffalo, Of dollar beds he does not know, Their springless hardships eke un tried It should not tax him to decide, He likes in visit our big show And Jolly us in Buffalo. The President's carriage and cavalcade moves forward to the Triumphal Causeway. Solos by members of the crowd while passing: ChildBoost me up. I want see A Criticism. Friend—Do you think the Midway is as bad as it is painted? Artist—Heaven forbid! What He Did. First Worm-Just had a dreadful time out to the Exposition. Second Worm-You did? How so? First Worm- I was boring through one of those nice apples in the Horticultural Building. An attendant discovered the hole I had made and began to prod in after me with a toothpick. I tried to bore in farther and get away from him, but I couldn't, I was in a bad way. Second Worm— Then I suppose you exemplified the ancient law that even a worm will turn? First Worm—No. 1 backed up. The hole was so narrow I couldn't turn. Lynn D. Follett, All trains of the New York Central for New York land passengers at the Grand Central Station—center of the hotel, residence, club and theater district— 424 Street and 4th Avenue. 319 President Bill McKin-a-lee, Is that him riding over there, The fat man what ain't got much MOTHER— Hush, hush, my child, Don’t speak so loud, The President's he Who has just bowed; It's not polite for you to stare And you should not speak of missing hair. ManBill McKinley? I should tell, Why, I know Bill McKinley well; I spent three months in Washington When the last campaign had just been won, I talked with Mac most every day About a job with good, big pay, And let him understand I would Take something else, if just as goodBut stead a smile Mac wore a frown And he had the nerve to throw me down. Crowd (in chorus)Oh, he knows Bill McKinley well. He haunted his office for a spell, At last Bill spoke and said, "Pooh, pooh, It's all night with a job for you." The President arrives nt the speakers' stand. He is Introduced to the assembled thousands by the Hon. John G. Milburn. One in the Crowd— Why is the man who Introduces the speaker like a deaf and dumb man? Another— Because he does not speak himself, not allowed (aloud). The President (what he might have said)— Fellow citizens, have a look. That's what you came for, why forso k Your business stunts and household toils To stand beneath the sun which broils; I would not tire you with a speech, Ten paces [tear in document paper] would not reach. And deliver [tear in document paper] I might design 'Twould be [tear in document paper] merest pantomine: I will not have you strain an ear For worries you cannot hope to hear. The press, my speech with clarion Burlington Route Every Monday and Wednesday one of our personally conducted excursion parties leave Chicago for California Pullman Tourist Sleeping Cars are used. They contain every convenience and comfort and are much less expensive than the standard cars. The route of these excursion parties is By way of Denver and Salt Lake City Passing through Colorado by daylight, so as to see all the magnificent mountain scenery. A special conductor goes all the way to explain points of interest and look after details We sell through tickets, reserve shaping car berths, furnish perhaps he of service in other ways. Write for particulars. P. S. Rustis, con'l Pass'r Agent C. G. & Q. R. R. 209 Adams Street, Chicago, Ill. throat Will spiel to regions most remote. 'Tis easiest heard in type by eyes, And those who arc near I would advise Amusements. The daily papers have it played As I'm supposed to speak it on the Esplanade; Your glad huzzahs let Heaven reach, I forebear to bore you with my speech. Amherst St. entrance Philosopher in Crowd—Silence is golden Opposite the ofEast Exposition. and they say gold is what they use in making McKinley votes. Take Jefferson street, Michigan street, and Main street care and all connecting lines to East Amherst Crowd (In chorus)Gate, also Belt Lines to Delaware Ave. Station. Hip, hip, hurrah! The President Uses brevity and we're content, We've had our look and he's a Twice Daily, 2.15 and 8.30 p. m. peach. Rain Shine. Though we'd not have stayed to hear his speech: But we're glad he's got so quickly done. And now Midway Last Two Days. The PresidentAdieu, adieu, kind friends, adieu, I'd like to do that Midway, too, I'd like to do that street with you, But I've got other things in view, To the Midway I must say adieu. Crowd (in chorus)— For he's the President, he's the President, It would never, never do, he's not like me and you; We can go from sun to sun to do it and get done. Bur the nation would be shocked to hear McKinley went And fortunate for him he's the nations President. The crowd breaks up and the President is driven to the Stadium, where he takes his seat in the reviewing stand to review troops at the Fair. Soldiers (in chorus)— Right foot, left foot, don't bat an eye As President McKinley you pass by; Attention! Shoulder arms! Present! Salute your chief, the President. Hay font, straw foot, right dress, there, That's what we call pretty fair: Better than we sometime do, But now we're passing in review. The President bows his approval. Soldiers and crowd (in chorus)— See that salute. Oh, ain't that a beaut? From none could come but him: These troops are the flower Of a great world power And he's their commander, grim. The President walks to the Canadian Building, where the Canadian Commissioner meets him on the steps and sings. Canadian Commissioner— President McKinley, hero's my hand, Don’t touch that thistle on the stand, I brought it over, don't you know, A Canadian staple just to show. The PresidentBut this is not your only crop. There are one or two other things you raise; We live in hopes the American flag Will be raised there, too. In future days. The President passes from here through the foreign buildings' site and views the buildings and exhibits of the foreign na tions. The President (at the conclusion of his inspection)— Here's my thanks to all the nations which I've visited at the Pan. You're the glory of two continents and I’m the very man Who Should give the hand of fellowship to each one as I go, For I'm the main exhibitor of the doctrine of Monroe. Chorus Of Foreign CommissionERSOh, he's the main exhibitor of the doctrine of Monroe. He had it out to show us about three years ago. And if he has to swallow us to do it, why, we know He'll give us all protection by the doctrine of Monroe. From here the President passes to the New York State Building, where he is to take lunch as the guest nf the New York State Commission. Chorus Of New York CommissionersThe great can't live on praise alone, won't grow muscle on the bone. And we New Yorkers have agreed That even you, sir. have to feed. THE PRESIDENT Quite right you are, I'm famished, too. Bring on your damn and Irish stew. Your President is a man like you, We'll all take seals and fall right to. The President eats, then is hurried in his carriage to the Government Build ing. The President (aside)Great Scott! I'm nearly tired to death. I'd like a chance to draw my breath, I’ve shook hands till my hands are Admission 50 cents; children under 10 years, 25 cents; reserved chairs (including admission), $1.00; box seats, $1.50; may be secured at the Denton, Cattier & Daniels Piano Warerooms. 269 and 271 Main Street, Iroquois Hotel news stand and East Gate Inn, opposite grounds. phone 161 Pan-Am. Tele Lyceum Theater Popular Prices On Washington street between Lafayette and Mohawk, directly back of Tift House. Telephone 2430 Seneca. Matinees Tuesday, Thursday, Saturday. all This week The Great New York Success. Lost River By Joseph Arthur, author of "Blue Jeans," and "Sun Alrarm." Next Week- Jas. A. Heroe's "Shore Acres" Largest, Handsomest and Coolest Theater in Buffalo. Main St., Cor. Edward. Tel, 643 Tapper. Evenings 5.30 - Mats. Wed.. and Sat.- 25 cents, 50 cents, 75 cents. Teck Theater Special! Extra! President M’Kinley Matinee Today to witness Kiralfy's Constantinople. Tonight Matinee Tomarrow Star Primrose and Dockstader’s Big Minstrels. Sun. Sept. 8- Westminster Abby Choir Mon. Sept. 9- Ward & Vokes in The Head Waiters. Shea’s Garden Theater. Evening prices 25 cents and 50 cents. Mat. daily, all seats 250 Ninth Week of the Season's Hit. Fiddle-Dee-Dee Best Laugh Provoker in the World. Souvenirs Tuesday Night. Hundredth Performance Special Vaudeville Features. Lew Sully. Hayes & Healy. The New Academy. Only Fireproof Theater in Buffalo. Eight Week of the Musical Comedy “A Trip To Buffalo.” Evenings at 5.15. A magnificent production presented at popular prices. Company of 60. Mats. Mon., Wed. and Sat. 2.15 Lafayette Main St. & Lafayette Square Tel. Seneca 2023. Matinee Saturday. Last Week Foxy Grandpa Jos. Hart & Carrie De Mar Next Week — Winem Woman and Song. � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Pan-American Exposition of 1901 Description An account of the resource The Pan-American Exposition was held in Buffalo, New York from May 1 to November 2, 1901. Buffalo was chosen as the location because of its size (at the time it was the eighth largest city in the U.S. with a population of approximately 350,000) and also because of its well suited railway connections. The grounds spread across 342 acres and were located between Delaware Park Lake to the south, the New York Central railroad track to the north, Delaware Avenue to the east, and Elmwood Avenue to the west. The Exposition included educational exhibits as well as a Midway. The educational exhibits showcased the latest advancements in technology, most notably electricity. A major feature was electric lighting which utilized hydroelectric power generated in nearby Niagara Falls. Many of the Exposition buildings, including the prominent Electric Tower, were covered in light-bulbs creating a beautiful and unprecedented sight. The Pan-American Exposition also hosted some of the top engine manufacturers of the time. These companies provided “working exhibits” that actually functioned in the day-to-day operation of the Exposition. The Midway at the Pan-American Exposition provided visitors with entertainment and consisted of more than 42 exhibits. Some of the main attractions of the Midway included the “House Upside Down,” “Cleopatra’s Temple”, and the “Foreign Villages.” The Pan-American Exposition is most widely known as the location of President McKinley’s assassination. On September 6, 1901, while in a receiving line at the Exposition’s Temple of Music, President McKinley was shot twice by anarchist, Leon Czolgosz. McKinley was taken to the Exposition’s hospital where he was operated on by a number of prominent Buffalo surgeons including Roswell Park. The President was then taken to the home of John Milburn, head of the Exposition’s Board of Directors, to recover. After his condition appeared to improve, McKinley eventually died on September 14, 1901 in the Milburn home due to infection and gangrene from the gun shot wounds. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context LIB-005 Subject The topic of the resource Pan-American Exposition (1901 : Buffalo, N.Y.) Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived State University of New York at Buffalo. University Archives Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available State University of New York at Buffalo. University Libraries Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Document A resource containing textual data. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre text. Original Format If the image is of an object, state the type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data Newspapers -- New York (State) -- Buffalo Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context LIB-005_0353 Is Part Of A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included. LIB-005 Pan-American Exposition of 1901. LIB-005 Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Clippings, Promotional materials Title A name given to the resource Images from the Rainbow City A day with the President Alternative Title An alternative name for the resource. The distinction between titles and alternative titles is application-specific. Slightly Burlesqued Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1901-09-16 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived The Buffalo Courier , September 6, 1901 (morning edition,) p. 4 Subject The topic of the resource Pan-American Exposition (1901:Buffalo) McKinleyWilliam1843-1901 Description An account of the resource A piece written ("slightly burlesqued") about President McKinley's trip to the Pan-Am exposition. Advertisements for local theaters also included. Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="https://rightsstatements.org/page/NoC-US/1.0/">NO COPYRIGHT – UNITED STATES</a>. The organization that has made the Item available believes that the Item is in the Public Domain under the laws of the United States, but a determination was not made as to its copyright status under the copyright laws of other countries. The Item may not be in the Public Domain under the laws of other countries. Please refer to the organization that has made the Item available for more information. Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available State University of New York at Buffalo. University Libraries McKinley Pan-Am https://digital.lib.buffalo.edu/files/original/384ddf3c1eb1beb50ee69fab6270a1ff.pdf 4ef7fc1518bf65074a2e954f93334e05 PDF Text Text The surrounding of President McKin ley by a body-guard of detectives when he appears In public, is probably as distasteful to himself as it is in ab stract American sentiment, but as long as the earth is infested by malevolent cranks and unreasoning Anarchists, the precaution is entirely proper. � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Pan-American Exposition of 1901 Description An account of the resource The Pan-American Exposition was held in Buffalo, New York from May 1 to November 2, 1901. Buffalo was chosen as the location because of its size (at the time it was the eighth largest city in the U.S. with a population of approximately 350,000) and also because of its well suited railway connections. The grounds spread across 342 acres and were located between Delaware Park Lake to the south, the New York Central railroad track to the north, Delaware Avenue to the east, and Elmwood Avenue to the west. The Exposition included educational exhibits as well as a Midway. The educational exhibits showcased the latest advancements in technology, most notably electricity. A major feature was electric lighting which utilized hydroelectric power generated in nearby Niagara Falls. Many of the Exposition buildings, including the prominent Electric Tower, were covered in light-bulbs creating a beautiful and unprecedented sight. The Pan-American Exposition also hosted some of the top engine manufacturers of the time. These companies provided “working exhibits” that actually functioned in the day-to-day operation of the Exposition. The Midway at the Pan-American Exposition provided visitors with entertainment and consisted of more than 42 exhibits. Some of the main attractions of the Midway included the “House Upside Down,” “Cleopatra’s Temple”, and the “Foreign Villages.” The Pan-American Exposition is most widely known as the location of President McKinley’s assassination. On September 6, 1901, while in a receiving line at the Exposition’s Temple of Music, President McKinley was shot twice by anarchist, Leon Czolgosz. McKinley was taken to the Exposition’s hospital where he was operated on by a number of prominent Buffalo surgeons including Roswell Park. The President was then taken to the home of John Milburn, head of the Exposition’s Board of Directors, to recover. After his condition appeared to improve, McKinley eventually died on September 14, 1901 in the Milburn home due to infection and gangrene from the gun shot wounds. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context LIB-005 Subject The topic of the resource Pan-American Exposition (1901 : Buffalo, N.Y.) Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived State University of New York at Buffalo. University Archives Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available State University of New York at Buffalo. University Libraries Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Document A resource containing textual data. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre text. Original Format If the image is of an object, state the type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data Newspapers -- New York (State) -- Buffalo Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context LIB-005_0352 Is Part Of A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included. LIB-005 Pan-American Exposition of 1901. LIB-005 Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Clippings Title A name given to the resource Buffalo Courier article Subject The topic of the resource Pan-American Exposition (1901:Buffalo) McKinleyWilliam1843-1901 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="https://rightsstatements.org/page/NoC-US/1.0/">NO COPYRIGHT – UNITED STATES</a>. The organization that has made the Item available believes that the Item is in the Public Domain under the laws of the United States, but a determination was not made as to its copyright status under the copyright laws of other countries. The Item may not be in the Public Domain under the laws of other countries. Please refer to the organization that has made the Item available for more information. Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available State University of New York at Buffalo. University Libraries McKinley security https://digital.lib.buffalo.edu/files/original/5e843bfe991c63a83d1863846ce13636.jpg 33bc1c6bbd4b330e979f23feb7e22a24 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Description An account of the resource 1901 Harper’s Weekly cover showing a man being pushed off a ship labeled "United States" while figures watch from the deck. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Pan-American Exposition of 1901 Description An account of the resource The Pan-American Exposition was held in Buffalo, New York from May 1 to November 2, 1901. Buffalo was chosen as the location because of its size (at the time it was the eighth largest city in the U.S. with a population of approximately 350,000) and also because of its well suited railway connections. The grounds spread across 342 acres and were located between Delaware Park Lake to the south, the New York Central railroad track to the north, Delaware Avenue to the east, and Elmwood Avenue to the west. The Exposition included educational exhibits as well as a Midway. The educational exhibits showcased the latest advancements in technology, most notably electricity. A major feature was electric lighting which utilized hydroelectric power generated in nearby Niagara Falls. Many of the Exposition buildings, including the prominent Electric Tower, were covered in light-bulbs creating a beautiful and unprecedented sight. The Pan-American Exposition also hosted some of the top engine manufacturers of the time. These companies provided “working exhibits” that actually functioned in the day-to-day operation of the Exposition. The Midway at the Pan-American Exposition provided visitors with entertainment and consisted of more than 42 exhibits. Some of the main attractions of the Midway included the “House Upside Down,” “Cleopatra’s Temple”, and the “Foreign Villages.” The Pan-American Exposition is most widely known as the location of President McKinley’s assassination. On September 6, 1901, while in a receiving line at the Exposition’s Temple of Music, President McKinley was shot twice by anarchist, Leon Czolgosz. McKinley was taken to the Exposition’s hospital where he was operated on by a number of prominent Buffalo surgeons including Roswell Park. The President was then taken to the home of John Milburn, head of the Exposition’s Board of Directors, to recover. After his condition appeared to improve, McKinley eventually died on September 14, 1901 in the Milburn home due to infection and gangrene from the gun shot wounds. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context LIB-005 Subject The topic of the resource Pan-American Exposition (1901 : Buffalo, N.Y.) Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived State University of New York at Buffalo. University Archives Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available State University of New York at Buffalo. University Libraries Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Still Image A static visual representation. Examples of still images are: paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type "text" to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context LIB-005_0351 Is Part Of A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included. LIB-005 Pan-American Exposition of 1901. LIB-005 Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Photographic prints Title A name given to the resource At Niagara Falls Alternative Title An alternative name for the resource. The distinction between titles and alternative titles is application-specific. McKinley and his entourage visit Goat Island, at Niagara Falls on the morning of Sept. 6, 1901. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Dunlap, Orrin E. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1901-09-06 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived From the Presidential Files collection of the Prints and Photographs Division of the Library of Congress ©1901 Orin Dunlap. (H9017 U.S. Copyright Office.) Also appeared in the Buffalo Courier, September 15, 1901. Also appeared in The American Monthly Review of Reviews, vol.24, no.4 (October 1901) p. 417. Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Niagara Falls (N.Y.) Subject The topic of the resource Niagara Falls (N.Y.)--Pictorial works McKinleyWilliam1843-1901 Description An account of the resource The cover of Harper’s Weekly dated October 5, 1901, features an illustration of a man being pushed off a ship labeled "United States" by a figure dressed in a suit and top hat. Several other figures look on from the ship’s deck, and American flags are visible in the background. Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="https://rightsstatements.org/page/NoC-US/1.0/">NO COPYRIGHT – UNITED STATES</a>. The organization that has made the Item available believes that the Item is in the Public Domain under the laws of the United States, but a determination was not made as to its copyright status under the copyright laws of other countries. The Item may not be in the Public Domain under the laws of other countries. Please refer to the organization that has made the Item available for more information. Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available State University of New York at Buffalo. University Libraries Goat Island McKinley Niagara Falls https://digital.lib.buffalo.edu/files/original/1610ab91fb97d37958480746e49a7ff0.jpg e1e1c03f4e9a80214f1edd0466b1dcfa Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Description An account of the resource Crowd and military procession with a horse-drawn hearse approaching the U.S. Capitol. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Pan-American Exposition of 1901 Description An account of the resource The Pan-American Exposition was held in Buffalo, New York from May 1 to November 2, 1901. Buffalo was chosen as the location because of its size (at the time it was the eighth largest city in the U.S. with a population of approximately 350,000) and also because of its well suited railway connections. The grounds spread across 342 acres and were located between Delaware Park Lake to the south, the New York Central railroad track to the north, Delaware Avenue to the east, and Elmwood Avenue to the west. The Exposition included educational exhibits as well as a Midway. The educational exhibits showcased the latest advancements in technology, most notably electricity. A major feature was electric lighting which utilized hydroelectric power generated in nearby Niagara Falls. Many of the Exposition buildings, including the prominent Electric Tower, were covered in light-bulbs creating a beautiful and unprecedented sight. The Pan-American Exposition also hosted some of the top engine manufacturers of the time. These companies provided “working exhibits” that actually functioned in the day-to-day operation of the Exposition. The Midway at the Pan-American Exposition provided visitors with entertainment and consisted of more than 42 exhibits. Some of the main attractions of the Midway included the “House Upside Down,” “Cleopatra’s Temple”, and the “Foreign Villages.” The Pan-American Exposition is most widely known as the location of President McKinley’s assassination. On September 6, 1901, while in a receiving line at the Exposition’s Temple of Music, President McKinley was shot twice by anarchist, Leon Czolgosz. McKinley was taken to the Exposition’s hospital where he was operated on by a number of prominent Buffalo surgeons including Roswell Park. The President was then taken to the home of John Milburn, head of the Exposition’s Board of Directors, to recover. After his condition appeared to improve, McKinley eventually died on September 14, 1901 in the Milburn home due to infection and gangrene from the gun shot wounds. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context LIB-005 Subject The topic of the resource Pan-American Exposition (1901 : Buffalo, N.Y.) Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived State University of New York at Buffalo. University Archives Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available State University of New York at Buffalo. University Libraries Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Still Image A static visual representation. Examples of still images are: paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type "text" to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context LIB-005_0350 Is Part Of A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included. LIB-005 Pan-American Exposition of 1901. LIB-005 Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Political cartoons Title A name given to the resource Anarchy cartoon Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1901-10-05 Description An account of the resource Political cartoon from Harper's Weekly A large crowd and military procession gather in front of the United States Capitol as a horse-drawn hearse approaches the building. Soldiers, officials, and civilians line the street, with the Capitol dome rising prominently in the background. Subject The topic of the resource Pan-American Exposition--(1901:Buffalo, N.Y.) --Caricatures and cartoons Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="https://rightsstatements.org/page/NoC-US/1.0/">NO COPYRIGHT – UNITED STATES</a>. The organization that has made the Item available believes that the Item is in the Public Domain under the laws of the United States, but a determination was not made as to its copyright status under the copyright laws of other countries. The Item may not be in the Public Domain under the laws of other countries. Please refer to the organization that has made the Item available for more information. Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available State University of New York at Buffalo. University Libraries anarchy Political cartoon https://digital.lib.buffalo.edu/files/original/c971b894aa1beaa74ceda85ab3dbcdf9.jpg b65f1c2d54f325d3fb49d00af5f9ffdd Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Description An account of the resource Crowd gathered outside the Exposition Hospital as people enter the building. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Pan-American Exposition of 1901 Description An account of the resource The Pan-American Exposition was held in Buffalo, New York from May 1 to November 2, 1901. Buffalo was chosen as the location because of its size (at the time it was the eighth largest city in the U.S. with a population of approximately 350,000) and also because of its well suited railway connections. The grounds spread across 342 acres and were located between Delaware Park Lake to the south, the New York Central railroad track to the north, Delaware Avenue to the east, and Elmwood Avenue to the west. The Exposition included educational exhibits as well as a Midway. The educational exhibits showcased the latest advancements in technology, most notably electricity. A major feature was electric lighting which utilized hydroelectric power generated in nearby Niagara Falls. Many of the Exposition buildings, including the prominent Electric Tower, were covered in light-bulbs creating a beautiful and unprecedented sight. The Pan-American Exposition also hosted some of the top engine manufacturers of the time. These companies provided “working exhibits” that actually functioned in the day-to-day operation of the Exposition. The Midway at the Pan-American Exposition provided visitors with entertainment and consisted of more than 42 exhibits. Some of the main attractions of the Midway included the “House Upside Down,” “Cleopatra’s Temple”, and the “Foreign Villages.” The Pan-American Exposition is most widely known as the location of President McKinley’s assassination. On September 6, 1901, while in a receiving line at the Exposition’s Temple of Music, President McKinley was shot twice by anarchist, Leon Czolgosz. McKinley was taken to the Exposition’s hospital where he was operated on by a number of prominent Buffalo surgeons including Roswell Park. The President was then taken to the home of John Milburn, head of the Exposition’s Board of Directors, to recover. After his condition appeared to improve, McKinley eventually died on September 14, 1901 in the Milburn home due to infection and gangrene from the gun shot wounds. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context LIB-005 Subject The topic of the resource Pan-American Exposition (1901 : Buffalo, N.Y.) Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived State University of New York at Buffalo. University Archives Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available State University of New York at Buffalo. University Libraries Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Still Image A static visual representation. Examples of still images are: paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type "text" to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context LIB-005_0349 Is Part Of A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included. LIB-005 Pan-American Exposition of 1901. LIB-005 Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Photographic prints Title A name given to the resource Funeral at Washington - the hearse entering the capitol grounds Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Washington (D.C.) Description An account of the resource Exterior views A large crowd is gathered outside a building with arched entrances and a tile roof, identified as the Exposition Hospital. People are clustered around the entrance and in the open area in front, observing as an event takes place. Subject The topic of the resource McKinleyWilliam1843-1901 McKinleyWilliam-- 1843-1901 --Death & burial. Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="https://rightsstatements.org/page/NoC-US/1.0/">NO COPYRIGHT – UNITED STATES</a>. The organization that has made the Item available believes that the Item is in the Public Domain under the laws of the United States, but a determination was not made as to its copyright status under the copyright laws of other countries. The Item may not be in the Public Domain under the laws of other countries. Please refer to the organization that has made the Item available for more information. Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available State University of New York at Buffalo. University Libraries capital funeral hearse McKinley Washington https://digital.lib.buffalo.edu/files/original/e1bf3f4c08e56d6a581afcb2d3c705b9.jpg f38d712ad2d21ee9d9e50cc10b726f6c Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Description An account of the resource Person seated in an electric chair with three individuals standing nearby. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Pan-American Exposition of 1901 Description An account of the resource The Pan-American Exposition was held in Buffalo, New York from May 1 to November 2, 1901. Buffalo was chosen as the location because of its size (at the time it was the eighth largest city in the U.S. with a population of approximately 350,000) and also because of its well suited railway connections. The grounds spread across 342 acres and were located between Delaware Park Lake to the south, the New York Central railroad track to the north, Delaware Avenue to the east, and Elmwood Avenue to the west. The Exposition included educational exhibits as well as a Midway. The educational exhibits showcased the latest advancements in technology, most notably electricity. A major feature was electric lighting which utilized hydroelectric power generated in nearby Niagara Falls. Many of the Exposition buildings, including the prominent Electric Tower, were covered in light-bulbs creating a beautiful and unprecedented sight. The Pan-American Exposition also hosted some of the top engine manufacturers of the time. These companies provided “working exhibits” that actually functioned in the day-to-day operation of the Exposition. The Midway at the Pan-American Exposition provided visitors with entertainment and consisted of more than 42 exhibits. Some of the main attractions of the Midway included the “House Upside Down,” “Cleopatra’s Temple”, and the “Foreign Villages.” The Pan-American Exposition is most widely known as the location of President McKinley’s assassination. On September 6, 1901, while in a receiving line at the Exposition’s Temple of Music, President McKinley was shot twice by anarchist, Leon Czolgosz. McKinley was taken to the Exposition’s hospital where he was operated on by a number of prominent Buffalo surgeons including Roswell Park. The President was then taken to the home of John Milburn, head of the Exposition’s Board of Directors, to recover. After his condition appeared to improve, McKinley eventually died on September 14, 1901 in the Milburn home due to infection and gangrene from the gun shot wounds. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context LIB-005 Subject The topic of the resource Pan-American Exposition (1901 : Buffalo, N.Y.) Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived State University of New York at Buffalo. University Archives Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available State University of New York at Buffalo. University Libraries Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Still Image A static visual representation. Examples of still images are: paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type "text" to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context LIB-005_0348 Is Part Of A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included. LIB-005 Pan-American Exposition of 1901. LIB-005 Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Photographic prints Title A name given to the resource Exposition hospital Alternative Title An alternative name for the resource. The distinction between titles and alternative titles is application-specific. Wounded president being taken into the exposition hospital Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived The Illustrated Buffalo Express, copyrighted 1901, by The J. N. Matthews Company Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Buffalo (N.Y.) Description An account of the resource On Exposition grounds A person is seated in an electric chair while five others stand around observing. The scene takes place indoors against a plain wall with a door to the left. The individuals are dressed in formal or official attire. Subject The topic of the resource McKinleyWilliam1843-1901 McKinleyWilliam--1843-1901 -- Assassination. Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="https://rightsstatements.org/page/NoC-US/1.0/">NO COPYRIGHT – UNITED STATES</a>. The organization that has made the Item available believes that the Item is in the Public Domain under the laws of the United States, but a determination was not made as to its copyright status under the copyright laws of other countries. The Item may not be in the Public Domain under the laws of other countries. Please refer to the organization that has made the Item available for more information. Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available State University of New York at Buffalo. University Libraries hospital McKinley https://digital.lib.buffalo.edu/files/original/f8dd19e03db1cd8f65a5c30fe31c4ea7.jpg 70e85df880af96c710877b4075b67274 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Description An account of the resource Portrait of an older individual wearing glasses, a patterned shawl, and a blouse. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Pan-American Exposition of 1901 Description An account of the resource The Pan-American Exposition was held in Buffalo, New York from May 1 to November 2, 1901. Buffalo was chosen as the location because of its size (at the time it was the eighth largest city in the U.S. with a population of approximately 350,000) and also because of its well suited railway connections. The grounds spread across 342 acres and were located between Delaware Park Lake to the south, the New York Central railroad track to the north, Delaware Avenue to the east, and Elmwood Avenue to the west. The Exposition included educational exhibits as well as a Midway. The educational exhibits showcased the latest advancements in technology, most notably electricity. A major feature was electric lighting which utilized hydroelectric power generated in nearby Niagara Falls. Many of the Exposition buildings, including the prominent Electric Tower, were covered in light-bulbs creating a beautiful and unprecedented sight. The Pan-American Exposition also hosted some of the top engine manufacturers of the time. These companies provided “working exhibits” that actually functioned in the day-to-day operation of the Exposition. The Midway at the Pan-American Exposition provided visitors with entertainment and consisted of more than 42 exhibits. Some of the main attractions of the Midway included the “House Upside Down,” “Cleopatra’s Temple”, and the “Foreign Villages.” The Pan-American Exposition is most widely known as the location of President McKinley’s assassination. On September 6, 1901, while in a receiving line at the Exposition’s Temple of Music, President McKinley was shot twice by anarchist, Leon Czolgosz. McKinley was taken to the Exposition’s hospital where he was operated on by a number of prominent Buffalo surgeons including Roswell Park. The President was then taken to the home of John Milburn, head of the Exposition’s Board of Directors, to recover. After his condition appeared to improve, McKinley eventually died on September 14, 1901 in the Milburn home due to infection and gangrene from the gun shot wounds. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context LIB-005 Subject The topic of the resource Pan-American Exposition (1901 : Buffalo, N.Y.) Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived State University of New York at Buffalo. University Archives Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available State University of New York at Buffalo. University Libraries Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Still Image A static visual representation. Examples of still images are: paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type "text" to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context LIB-005_0345 Is Part Of A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included. LIB-005 Pan-American Exposition of 1901. LIB-005 Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Portrait photographs Title A name given to the resource Photograph of Emma Goldman Subject The topic of the resource GoldmanEmma1869-1940 Haymarket Square RiotChicagoIll.1886 Description An account of the resource A portrait of Emma Goldman with short hair and glasses, wearing a patterned shawl over a light-colored blouse. The person is facing the camera with a neutral expression. Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="https://rightsstatements.org/page/NoC-US/1.0/">NO COPYRIGHT – UNITED STATES</a>. The organization that has made the Item available believes that the Item is in the Public Domain under the laws of the United States, but a determination was not made as to its copyright status under the copyright laws of other countries. The Item may not be in the Public Domain under the laws of other countries. Please refer to the organization that has made the Item available for more information. Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available State University of New York at Buffalo. University Libraries anarchist Goldman https://digital.lib.buffalo.edu/files/original/73084089407f022eca802ecffa042f7e.jpg 0af464e7aa4d6566d9bedf54a9c212fb Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Description An account of the resource Portrait of a person in a jacket with the number 757 marked on the image. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Pan-American Exposition of 1901 Description An account of the resource The Pan-American Exposition was held in Buffalo, New York from May 1 to November 2, 1901. Buffalo was chosen as the location because of its size (at the time it was the eighth largest city in the U.S. with a population of approximately 350,000) and also because of its well suited railway connections. The grounds spread across 342 acres and were located between Delaware Park Lake to the south, the New York Central railroad track to the north, Delaware Avenue to the east, and Elmwood Avenue to the west. The Exposition included educational exhibits as well as a Midway. The educational exhibits showcased the latest advancements in technology, most notably electricity. A major feature was electric lighting which utilized hydroelectric power generated in nearby Niagara Falls. Many of the Exposition buildings, including the prominent Electric Tower, were covered in light-bulbs creating a beautiful and unprecedented sight. The Pan-American Exposition also hosted some of the top engine manufacturers of the time. These companies provided “working exhibits” that actually functioned in the day-to-day operation of the Exposition. The Midway at the Pan-American Exposition provided visitors with entertainment and consisted of more than 42 exhibits. Some of the main attractions of the Midway included the “House Upside Down,” “Cleopatra’s Temple”, and the “Foreign Villages.” The Pan-American Exposition is most widely known as the location of President McKinley’s assassination. On September 6, 1901, while in a receiving line at the Exposition’s Temple of Music, President McKinley was shot twice by anarchist, Leon Czolgosz. McKinley was taken to the Exposition’s hospital where he was operated on by a number of prominent Buffalo surgeons including Roswell Park. The President was then taken to the home of John Milburn, head of the Exposition’s Board of Directors, to recover. After his condition appeared to improve, McKinley eventually died on September 14, 1901 in the Milburn home due to infection and gangrene from the gun shot wounds. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context LIB-005 Subject The topic of the resource Pan-American Exposition (1901 : Buffalo, N.Y.) Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived State University of New York at Buffalo. University Archives Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available State University of New York at Buffalo. University Libraries Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Still Image A static visual representation. Examples of still images are: paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type "text" to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context LIB-005_0344 Is Part Of A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included. LIB-005 Pan-American Exposition of 1901. LIB-005 Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Portrait photographs Title A name given to the resource Czolgosz Description An account of the resource A photograph of Czolgosz, assassin of McKinley A black-and-white portrait of an individual with short dark hair, wearing a jacket over a collared shirt. A number, "757," is visible on the lower left side of the image. Subject The topic of the resource CzolgoszLeon F.1873-1901 McKinleyWilliam--1843-1901 -- Assassination. Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="https://rightsstatements.org/page/NoC-US/1.0/">NO COPYRIGHT – UNITED STATES</a>. The organization that has made the Item available believes that the Item is in the Public Domain under the laws of the United States, but a determination was not made as to its copyright status under the copyright laws of other countries. The Item may not be in the Public Domain under the laws of other countries. Please refer to the organization that has made the Item available for more information. Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available State University of New York at Buffalo. University Libraries Czolgosz McKinley https://digital.lib.buffalo.edu/files/original/0b69b93fdb7176cabdad83273720747c.jpg 2e09c6c6b24e18ed0c28e8393c9c6cb5 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Description An account of the resource Crowds line the street as soldiers march in President McKinley’s funeral procession. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Pan-American Exposition of 1901 Description An account of the resource The Pan-American Exposition was held in Buffalo, New York from May 1 to November 2, 1901. Buffalo was chosen as the location because of its size (at the time it was the eighth largest city in the U.S. with a population of approximately 350,000) and also because of its well suited railway connections. The grounds spread across 342 acres and were located between Delaware Park Lake to the south, the New York Central railroad track to the north, Delaware Avenue to the east, and Elmwood Avenue to the west. The Exposition included educational exhibits as well as a Midway. The educational exhibits showcased the latest advancements in technology, most notably electricity. A major feature was electric lighting which utilized hydroelectric power generated in nearby Niagara Falls. Many of the Exposition buildings, including the prominent Electric Tower, were covered in light-bulbs creating a beautiful and unprecedented sight. The Pan-American Exposition also hosted some of the top engine manufacturers of the time. These companies provided “working exhibits” that actually functioned in the day-to-day operation of the Exposition. The Midway at the Pan-American Exposition provided visitors with entertainment and consisted of more than 42 exhibits. Some of the main attractions of the Midway included the “House Upside Down,” “Cleopatra’s Temple”, and the “Foreign Villages.” The Pan-American Exposition is most widely known as the location of President McKinley’s assassination. On September 6, 1901, while in a receiving line at the Exposition’s Temple of Music, President McKinley was shot twice by anarchist, Leon Czolgosz. McKinley was taken to the Exposition’s hospital where he was operated on by a number of prominent Buffalo surgeons including Roswell Park. The President was then taken to the home of John Milburn, head of the Exposition’s Board of Directors, to recover. After his condition appeared to improve, McKinley eventually died on September 14, 1901 in the Milburn home due to infection and gangrene from the gun shot wounds. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context LIB-005 Subject The topic of the resource Pan-American Exposition (1901 : Buffalo, N.Y.) Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived State University of New York at Buffalo. University Archives Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available State University of New York at Buffalo. University Libraries Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Still Image A static visual representation. Examples of still images are: paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type "text" to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context LIB-005_0343 Is Part Of A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included. LIB-005 Pan-American Exposition of 1901. LIB-005 Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Memorial photographs Title A name given to the resource McKinley's funeral cortege Alternative Title An alternative name for the resource. The distinction between titles and alternative titles is application-specific. Sorrowing throngs gather as McKinley's funeral cortege proceeds down Delaware Ave. Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Buffalo (N.Y.) Subject The topic of the resource McKinleyWilliam1843-1901 McKinleyWilliam-- 1843-1901 --Death & burial. Description An account of the resource A sepia-toned photograph of a President McKinley's funeral procession moving down a tree-lined street. Soldiers march in formation while crowds of people gather on both sides of the road to observe. The scene captures a large turnout, with many onlookers wearing hats. Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="https://rightsstatements.org/page/NoC-US/1.0/">NO COPYRIGHT – UNITED STATES</a>. The organization that has made the Item available believes that the Item is in the Public Domain under the laws of the United States, but a determination was not made as to its copyright status under the copyright laws of other countries. The Item may not be in the Public Domain under the laws of other countries. Please refer to the organization that has made the Item available for more information. Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available State University of New York at Buffalo. University Libraries funeral McKinley https://digital.lib.buffalo.edu/files/original/f88fd85d8d3f99bb9f8ad74b76f41c05.pdf b47d9aa13c1771e594dd6014637ca324 PDF Text Text I Killed President McKinley [illegible] I [did?] my duty. I didn't [illegible] [illegible] man [should?] ["have"] so much [illegible] and another man [should?] have more. 6 [01 of] September 6th 1901. Leon F. [illegible] � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Pan-American Exposition of 1901 Description An account of the resource The Pan-American Exposition was held in Buffalo, New York from May 1 to November 2, 1901. Buffalo was chosen as the location because of its size (at the time it was the eighth largest city in the U.S. with a population of approximately 350,000) and also because of its well suited railway connections. The grounds spread across 342 acres and were located between Delaware Park Lake to the south, the New York Central railroad track to the north, Delaware Avenue to the east, and Elmwood Avenue to the west. The Exposition included educational exhibits as well as a Midway. The educational exhibits showcased the latest advancements in technology, most notably electricity. A major feature was electric lighting which utilized hydroelectric power generated in nearby Niagara Falls. Many of the Exposition buildings, including the prominent Electric Tower, were covered in light-bulbs creating a beautiful and unprecedented sight. The Pan-American Exposition also hosted some of the top engine manufacturers of the time. These companies provided “working exhibits” that actually functioned in the day-to-day operation of the Exposition. The Midway at the Pan-American Exposition provided visitors with entertainment and consisted of more than 42 exhibits. Some of the main attractions of the Midway included the “House Upside Down,” “Cleopatra’s Temple”, and the “Foreign Villages.” The Pan-American Exposition is most widely known as the location of President McKinley’s assassination. On September 6, 1901, while in a receiving line at the Exposition’s Temple of Music, President McKinley was shot twice by anarchist, Leon Czolgosz. McKinley was taken to the Exposition’s hospital where he was operated on by a number of prominent Buffalo surgeons including Roswell Park. The President was then taken to the home of John Milburn, head of the Exposition’s Board of Directors, to recover. After his condition appeared to improve, McKinley eventually died on September 14, 1901 in the Milburn home due to infection and gangrene from the gun shot wounds. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context LIB-005 Subject The topic of the resource Pan-American Exposition (1901 : Buffalo, N.Y.) Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived State University of New York at Buffalo. University Archives Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available State University of New York at Buffalo. University Libraries Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Document A resource containing textual data. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context LIB-005_0342 Is Part Of A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included. LIB-005 Pan-American Exposition of 1901. LIB-005 Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Photocopies Title A name given to the resource Czolgosz's confession Alternative Title An alternative name for the resource. The distinction between titles and alternative titles is application-specific. Facsimile of Czolgosz's confession Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1901-09-06 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Karpeles Manuscript Museum, Buffalo, N.Y. Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Buffalo (N.Y.) Description An account of the resource Czolgosz's confession to the assassination of McKinley A handwritten note on lined paper with cursive script. The text references President McKinley, expresses a statement of duty, and includes a date of September 6, 1901, followed by a signature. Subject The topic of the resource CzolgoszLeon F.1873-1901 McKinleyWilliam--1843-1901 -- Assassination. Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="https://rightsstatements.org/page/NoC-US/1.0/">NO COPYRIGHT – UNITED STATES</a>. The organization that has made the Item available believes that the Item is in the Public Domain under the laws of the United States, but a determination was not made as to its copyright status under the copyright laws of other countries. The Item may not be in the Public Domain under the laws of other countries. Please refer to the organization that has made the Item available for more information. Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available State University of New York at Buffalo. University Libraries confession Czolgosz https://digital.lib.buffalo.edu/files/original/9f60400ab9fb37a8f958c4be7aad11d8.jpg 60fbc9ada62367d85a2ca3d58f83c124 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Description An account of the resource A person in civilian clothing standing with three uniformed officers against a brick wall. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Pan-American Exposition of 1901 Description An account of the resource The Pan-American Exposition was held in Buffalo, New York from May 1 to November 2, 1901. Buffalo was chosen as the location because of its size (at the time it was the eighth largest city in the U.S. with a population of approximately 350,000) and also because of its well suited railway connections. The grounds spread across 342 acres and were located between Delaware Park Lake to the south, the New York Central railroad track to the north, Delaware Avenue to the east, and Elmwood Avenue to the west. The Exposition included educational exhibits as well as a Midway. The educational exhibits showcased the latest advancements in technology, most notably electricity. A major feature was electric lighting which utilized hydroelectric power generated in nearby Niagara Falls. Many of the Exposition buildings, including the prominent Electric Tower, were covered in light-bulbs creating a beautiful and unprecedented sight. The Pan-American Exposition also hosted some of the top engine manufacturers of the time. These companies provided “working exhibits” that actually functioned in the day-to-day operation of the Exposition. The Midway at the Pan-American Exposition provided visitors with entertainment and consisted of more than 42 exhibits. Some of the main attractions of the Midway included the “House Upside Down,” “Cleopatra’s Temple”, and the “Foreign Villages.” The Pan-American Exposition is most widely known as the location of President McKinley’s assassination. On September 6, 1901, while in a receiving line at the Exposition’s Temple of Music, President McKinley was shot twice by anarchist, Leon Czolgosz. McKinley was taken to the Exposition’s hospital where he was operated on by a number of prominent Buffalo surgeons including Roswell Park. The President was then taken to the home of John Milburn, head of the Exposition’s Board of Directors, to recover. After his condition appeared to improve, McKinley eventually died on September 14, 1901 in the Milburn home due to infection and gangrene from the gun shot wounds. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context LIB-005 Subject The topic of the resource Pan-American Exposition (1901 : Buffalo, N.Y.) Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived State University of New York at Buffalo. University Archives Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available State University of New York at Buffalo. University Libraries Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Still Image A static visual representation. Examples of still images are: paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type "text" to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context LIB-005_0341 Is Part Of A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included. LIB-005 Pan-American Exposition of 1901. LIB-005 Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Photographic prints Title A name given to the resource Cell Subject The topic of the resource CzolgoszLeon F.1873-1901 McKinleyWilliam--1843-1901 -- Assassination. Description An account of the resource Four individuals stand against a brick wall. One is dressed in civilian clothing while the others wear dark uniforms and hats. Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="https://rightsstatements.org/page/NoC-US/1.0/">NO COPYRIGHT – UNITED STATES</a>. The organization that has made the Item available believes that the Item is in the Public Domain under the laws of the United States, but a determination was not made as to its copyright status under the copyright laws of other countries. The Item may not be in the Public Domain under the laws of other countries. Please refer to the organization that has made the Item available for more information. Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available State University of New York at Buffalo. University Libraries cell Czolgosz https://digital.lib.buffalo.edu/files/original/b46150808916056ff081e1ca62a34589.jpg 33be117125520e38af587d6adbefdd2f Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Description An account of the resource Pallbearers carrying a casket into Buffalo City Hall with people gathered nearby and an American flag overhead. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Pan-American Exposition of 1901 Description An account of the resource The Pan-American Exposition was held in Buffalo, New York from May 1 to November 2, 1901. Buffalo was chosen as the location because of its size (at the time it was the eighth largest city in the U.S. with a population of approximately 350,000) and also because of its well suited railway connections. The grounds spread across 342 acres and were located between Delaware Park Lake to the south, the New York Central railroad track to the north, Delaware Avenue to the east, and Elmwood Avenue to the west. The Exposition included educational exhibits as well as a Midway. The educational exhibits showcased the latest advancements in technology, most notably electricity. A major feature was electric lighting which utilized hydroelectric power generated in nearby Niagara Falls. Many of the Exposition buildings, including the prominent Electric Tower, were covered in light-bulbs creating a beautiful and unprecedented sight. The Pan-American Exposition also hosted some of the top engine manufacturers of the time. These companies provided “working exhibits” that actually functioned in the day-to-day operation of the Exposition. The Midway at the Pan-American Exposition provided visitors with entertainment and consisted of more than 42 exhibits. Some of the main attractions of the Midway included the “House Upside Down,” “Cleopatra’s Temple”, and the “Foreign Villages.” The Pan-American Exposition is most widely known as the location of President McKinley’s assassination. On September 6, 1901, while in a receiving line at the Exposition’s Temple of Music, President McKinley was shot twice by anarchist, Leon Czolgosz. McKinley was taken to the Exposition’s hospital where he was operated on by a number of prominent Buffalo surgeons including Roswell Park. The President was then taken to the home of John Milburn, head of the Exposition’s Board of Directors, to recover. After his condition appeared to improve, McKinley eventually died on September 14, 1901 in the Milburn home due to infection and gangrene from the gun shot wounds. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context LIB-005 Subject The topic of the resource Pan-American Exposition (1901 : Buffalo, N.Y.) Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived State University of New York at Buffalo. University Archives Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available State University of New York at Buffalo. University Libraries Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Still Image A static visual representation. Examples of still images are: paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type "text" to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context LIB-005_0340 Is Part Of A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included. LIB-005 Pan-American Exposition of 1901. LIB-005 Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Memorial photographs Photographic prints Title A name given to the resource McKinley casket Alternative Title An alternative name for the resource. The distinction between titles and alternative titles is application-specific. Sailors carrying the casket into the city hall, Buffalo, where the people viewed the remains Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Buffalo (N.Y.) Description An account of the resource Exterior views A group of pallbearers carry a casket draped in flowers into the entrance of a stone building, identified as Buffalo City Hall. Several people stand nearby watching the President McKinley's funeral procession, while a large American flag hangs above. Subject The topic of the resource McKinleyWilliam1843-1901 McKinleyWilliam-- 1843-1901 --Death & burial. Buffalo City Hall (Buffalo, N.Y.) Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="https://rightsstatements.org/page/NoC-US/1.0/">NO COPYRIGHT – UNITED STATES</a>. The organization that has made the Item available believes that the Item is in the Public Domain under the laws of the United States, but a determination was not made as to its copyright status under the copyright laws of other countries. The Item may not be in the Public Domain under the laws of other countries. Please refer to the organization that has made the Item available for more information. Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available State University of New York at Buffalo. University Libraries Casket City Hall McKinley memorial https://digital.lib.buffalo.edu/files/original/ea0e21916352d80931b9d62c8c693bf1.jpg 46e8f5917f82d31cdd7324b2dc8be3f3 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Description An account of the resource Political cartoon of Uncle Sam beside a sewer labeled “U.S.” releasing immigrants with negative labels like “anarchy” and “disease,” captioned about the U.S. as a sewer for the world. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Pan-American Exposition of 1901 Description An account of the resource The Pan-American Exposition was held in Buffalo, New York from May 1 to November 2, 1901. Buffalo was chosen as the location because of its size (at the time it was the eighth largest city in the U.S. with a population of approximately 350,000) and also because of its well suited railway connections. The grounds spread across 342 acres and were located between Delaware Park Lake to the south, the New York Central railroad track to the north, Delaware Avenue to the east, and Elmwood Avenue to the west. The Exposition included educational exhibits as well as a Midway. The educational exhibits showcased the latest advancements in technology, most notably electricity. A major feature was electric lighting which utilized hydroelectric power generated in nearby Niagara Falls. Many of the Exposition buildings, including the prominent Electric Tower, were covered in light-bulbs creating a beautiful and unprecedented sight. The Pan-American Exposition also hosted some of the top engine manufacturers of the time. These companies provided “working exhibits” that actually functioned in the day-to-day operation of the Exposition. The Midway at the Pan-American Exposition provided visitors with entertainment and consisted of more than 42 exhibits. Some of the main attractions of the Midway included the “House Upside Down,” “Cleopatra’s Temple”, and the “Foreign Villages.” The Pan-American Exposition is most widely known as the location of President McKinley’s assassination. On September 6, 1901, while in a receiving line at the Exposition’s Temple of Music, President McKinley was shot twice by anarchist, Leon Czolgosz. McKinley was taken to the Exposition’s hospital where he was operated on by a number of prominent Buffalo surgeons including Roswell Park. The President was then taken to the home of John Milburn, head of the Exposition’s Board of Directors, to recover. After his condition appeared to improve, McKinley eventually died on September 14, 1901 in the Milburn home due to infection and gangrene from the gun shot wounds. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context LIB-005 Subject The topic of the resource Pan-American Exposition (1901 : Buffalo, N.Y.) Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived State University of New York at Buffalo. University Archives Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available State University of New York at Buffalo. University Libraries Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Still Image A static visual representation. Examples of still images are: paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type "text" to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context LIB-005_0339 Is Part Of A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included. LIB-005 Pan-American Exposition of 1901. LIB-005 Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Political cartoons Title A name given to the resource Anarchy/immigration cartoon Alternative Title An alternative name for the resource. The distinction between titles and alternative titles is application-specific. Political cartoons reflect Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1901-09-19 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Public Opinion, v. 13, no. 12 Description An account of the resource Anti-anarchy, anti-immigration political cartoons from Public Opinion. A political cartoon shows a figure resembling Uncle Sam standing by a wall with a sewer pipe labeled “U.S.” pouring out immigrants. Words such as “anarchy,” “disease,” and “illiteracy” are written on the water. Several people are shown being swept out of the sewer, while the caption below reads: “Time to stop acting as a sewer for the world. – St. Paul Globe.” Subject The topic of the resource Pan-American Exposition--(1901:Buffalo, N.Y.) --Caricatures and cartoons Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="https://rightsstatements.org/page/NoC-US/1.0/">NO COPYRIGHT – UNITED STATES</a>. The organization that has made the Item available believes that the Item is in the Public Domain under the laws of the United States, but a determination was not made as to its copyright status under the copyright laws of other countries. The Item may not be in the Public Domain under the laws of other countries. Please refer to the organization that has made the Item available for more information. Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available State University of New York at Buffalo. University Libraries anarchy immigration Political cartoon https://digital.lib.buffalo.edu/files/original/e4c68d26e9e75b532877b212d98ccc3f.jpg e9d75e2f4c0ca2fcb382e75de1787069 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Description An account of the resource Sepia photograph of a large stone building with a surrounding wall, horse-drawn wagon, and people on the street. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Pan-American Exposition of 1901 Description An account of the resource The Pan-American Exposition was held in Buffalo, New York from May 1 to November 2, 1901. Buffalo was chosen as the location because of its size (at the time it was the eighth largest city in the U.S. with a population of approximately 350,000) and also because of its well suited railway connections. The grounds spread across 342 acres and were located between Delaware Park Lake to the south, the New York Central railroad track to the north, Delaware Avenue to the east, and Elmwood Avenue to the west. The Exposition included educational exhibits as well as a Midway. The educational exhibits showcased the latest advancements in technology, most notably electricity. A major feature was electric lighting which utilized hydroelectric power generated in nearby Niagara Falls. Many of the Exposition buildings, including the prominent Electric Tower, were covered in light-bulbs creating a beautiful and unprecedented sight. The Pan-American Exposition also hosted some of the top engine manufacturers of the time. These companies provided “working exhibits” that actually functioned in the day-to-day operation of the Exposition. The Midway at the Pan-American Exposition provided visitors with entertainment and consisted of more than 42 exhibits. Some of the main attractions of the Midway included the “House Upside Down,” “Cleopatra’s Temple”, and the “Foreign Villages.” The Pan-American Exposition is most widely known as the location of President McKinley’s assassination. On September 6, 1901, while in a receiving line at the Exposition’s Temple of Music, President McKinley was shot twice by anarchist, Leon Czolgosz. McKinley was taken to the Exposition’s hospital where he was operated on by a number of prominent Buffalo surgeons including Roswell Park. The President was then taken to the home of John Milburn, head of the Exposition’s Board of Directors, to recover. After his condition appeared to improve, McKinley eventually died on September 14, 1901 in the Milburn home due to infection and gangrene from the gun shot wounds. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context LIB-005 Subject The topic of the resource Pan-American Exposition (1901 : Buffalo, N.Y.) Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived State University of New York at Buffalo. University Archives Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available State University of New York at Buffalo. University Libraries Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Still Image A static visual representation. Examples of still images are: paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type "text" to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context LIB-005_0338 Is Part Of A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included. LIB-005 Pan-American Exposition of 1901. LIB-005 Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Photocopies Title A name given to the resource Auburn State Prison Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Buffalo Courier, October 6, 1901. Subject The topic of the resource CzolgoszLeon F.1873-1901 McKinleyWilliam--1843-1901 -- Assassination. Description An account of the resource A sepia-toned photograph shows a large stone building with multiple chimneys and pointed roof details, enclosed by a high stone wall. In the foreground, a horse-drawn wagon and a few people stand along the street lined with bare trees. Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="https://rightsstatements.org/page/NoC-US/1.0/">NO COPYRIGHT – UNITED STATES</a>. The organization that has made the Item available believes that the Item is in the Public Domain under the laws of the United States, but a determination was not made as to its copyright status under the copyright laws of other countries. The Item may not be in the Public Domain under the laws of other countries. Please refer to the organization that has made the Item available for more information. Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available State University of New York at Buffalo. University Libraries https://digital.lib.buffalo.edu/files/original/a7afc5568fdf172ea8fdca26643684fe.pdf 5a9df74361b749def4c6b51958a36ca3 PDF Text Text Czolgosz Arraigned. Murder in the First Degree is the Finding of the County Court Grand Jury Prisoner Was Stubborn. He Refused to Answer Questions, Refused to Say Whether or Not He Wanted a Lawyer, and Judge Emery Appointed Former Jus tices Loran L. Lewis and Robert C. Titus as His Counsel- Czolgosz Had Been Confined in the Penitentiary. [Editors Note: Much of the scanned documents text is illegible and could not be properly transcribed, mistakes and missing sections are guaranteed in the following text.] Leon Czolgosz was this afternoon indicted for murder in the first degree for the killing of President William McKinley. At 4:15 o’clock the grand jury entered the courtroom. An old man, gray-haired and venerable — Judge Edward K. Emery — in the center, entered from a side door. Following were the jurors, a number of court officers, and reporters. Detective-Sergeants Thomas Murphy and James Geary escorted the prisoner into the courtroom. Czolgosz walked in slowly, gazing neither to right nor left, and took his place in the prisoner’s dock. He wore the same gray suit that he had on when arrested. The report handed in by the grand jury was signed by the foreman, Alfred M. Scatcherd. It charged that Czolgosz “wilfully, feloniously, and of malice aforethought” shot William McKinley with a pistol bullet, causing the wounds from which the President died on September 14th, 1901. The Arraignment At 4:30 Czolgosz was brought into court by Detectives Murphy and Geary. The deputy sheriff ordered the crowd to stand back and silence was requested. The response was made quietly, and the courtroom soon became silent. Judge Emery announced that the grand jury had found an indictment for murder in the first degree, and asked if the prisoner had counsel. He received no reply. “Have you a lawyer?” asked the court. No reply. “Do you want a lawyer?” repeated Judge Emery. Still no reply. answer, Judge Counsel Named Emery The prisoner said that he would assign counsel to obstinately him, and refusing accordingly appointed to Loran L. Lewis and Robert C. Titus, both former Supreme Court judges and members of the Erie County Bar Association and the Bar Association of Buffalo. He stated that the law required him to do this to insure the prisoner a fair trial. Mr. Lewis and Mr. Titus accepted the appointment and bowed to the court. Czolgosz paid no attention to what was going on. He stood as before, erect and rigid, his face pale, his lips compressed, and his eyes staring straight ahead. The clerk read the indictment, and again the judge asked the prisoner if he desired to plead guilty or not guilty. There was no response. Judge Emery then directed that the plea of not guilty be entered on behalf of the prisoner. Prisoner Stubborn The case was adjourned until the prisoner could be represented by counsel. Czolgosz, between two officers, was then taken from the courtroom and returned to the jail. The crowd surged after them, but officers quickly cleared a path. � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Pan-American Exposition of 1901 Description An account of the resource The Pan-American Exposition was held in Buffalo, New York from May 1 to November 2, 1901. Buffalo was chosen as the location because of its size (at the time it was the eighth largest city in the U.S. with a population of approximately 350,000) and also because of its well suited railway connections. The grounds spread across 342 acres and were located between Delaware Park Lake to the south, the New York Central railroad track to the north, Delaware Avenue to the east, and Elmwood Avenue to the west. The Exposition included educational exhibits as well as a Midway. The educational exhibits showcased the latest advancements in technology, most notably electricity. A major feature was electric lighting which utilized hydroelectric power generated in nearby Niagara Falls. Many of the Exposition buildings, including the prominent Electric Tower, were covered in light-bulbs creating a beautiful and unprecedented sight. The Pan-American Exposition also hosted some of the top engine manufacturers of the time. These companies provided “working exhibits” that actually functioned in the day-to-day operation of the Exposition. The Midway at the Pan-American Exposition provided visitors with entertainment and consisted of more than 42 exhibits. Some of the main attractions of the Midway included the “House Upside Down,” “Cleopatra’s Temple”, and the “Foreign Villages.” The Pan-American Exposition is most widely known as the location of President McKinley’s assassination. On September 6, 1901, while in a receiving line at the Exposition’s Temple of Music, President McKinley was shot twice by anarchist, Leon Czolgosz. McKinley was taken to the Exposition’s hospital where he was operated on by a number of prominent Buffalo surgeons including Roswell Park. The President was then taken to the home of John Milburn, head of the Exposition’s Board of Directors, to recover. After his condition appeared to improve, McKinley eventually died on September 14, 1901 in the Milburn home due to infection and gangrene from the gun shot wounds. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context LIB-005 Subject The topic of the resource Pan-American Exposition (1901 : Buffalo, N.Y.) Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived State University of New York at Buffalo. University Archives Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available State University of New York at Buffalo. University Libraries Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Document A resource containing textual data. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre text. Original Format If the image is of an object, state the type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data Newspapers Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context LIB-005_0337 Is Part Of A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included. LIB-005 Pan-American Exposition of 1901. LIB-005 Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Photocopies Title A name given to the resource CZOLGOSZ ARRAIGNED. Description An account of the resource Newspaper article of Czolgosz's arraignment Subject The topic of the resource CzolgoszLeon F.1873-1901 McKinleyWilliam--1843-1901 -- Assassination. Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="https://rightsstatements.org/page/NoC-US/1.0/">NO COPYRIGHT – UNITED STATES</a>. The organization that has made the Item available believes that the Item is in the Public Domain under the laws of the United States, but a determination was not made as to its copyright status under the copyright laws of other countries. The Item may not be in the Public Domain under the laws of other countries. Please refer to the organization that has made the Item available for more information. Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available State University of New York at Buffalo. University Libraries https://digital.lib.buffalo.edu/files/original/fd4527e07dbedbfdd67d6b2423478343.jpg 5611f98b3024f5f54b444778d6973a26 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Description An account of the resource A person delivering a speech from a decorated platform with draped flags and stars, holding a paper while facing a crowd. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Pan-American Exposition of 1901 Description An account of the resource The Pan-American Exposition was held in Buffalo, New York from May 1 to November 2, 1901. Buffalo was chosen as the location because of its size (at the time it was the eighth largest city in the U.S. with a population of approximately 350,000) and also because of its well suited railway connections. The grounds spread across 342 acres and were located between Delaware Park Lake to the south, the New York Central railroad track to the north, Delaware Avenue to the east, and Elmwood Avenue to the west. The Exposition included educational exhibits as well as a Midway. The educational exhibits showcased the latest advancements in technology, most notably electricity. A major feature was electric lighting which utilized hydroelectric power generated in nearby Niagara Falls. Many of the Exposition buildings, including the prominent Electric Tower, were covered in light-bulbs creating a beautiful and unprecedented sight. The Pan-American Exposition also hosted some of the top engine manufacturers of the time. These companies provided “working exhibits” that actually functioned in the day-to-day operation of the Exposition. The Midway at the Pan-American Exposition provided visitors with entertainment and consisted of more than 42 exhibits. Some of the main attractions of the Midway included the “House Upside Down,” “Cleopatra’s Temple”, and the “Foreign Villages.” The Pan-American Exposition is most widely known as the location of President McKinley’s assassination. On September 6, 1901, while in a receiving line at the Exposition’s Temple of Music, President McKinley was shot twice by anarchist, Leon Czolgosz. McKinley was taken to the Exposition’s hospital where he was operated on by a number of prominent Buffalo surgeons including Roswell Park. The President was then taken to the home of John Milburn, head of the Exposition’s Board of Directors, to recover. After his condition appeared to improve, McKinley eventually died on September 14, 1901 in the Milburn home due to infection and gangrene from the gun shot wounds. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context LIB-005 Subject The topic of the resource Pan-American Exposition (1901 : Buffalo, N.Y.) Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived State University of New York at Buffalo. University Archives Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available State University of New York at Buffalo. University Libraries Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Still Image A static visual representation. Examples of still images are: paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type "text" to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context LIB-005_0525 Is Part Of A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included. LIB-005 Pan-American Exposition of 1901. LIB-005 Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Photographic prints Title A name given to the resource President McKinley's Speech at the Pan-American Exposition Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Johnston, Frances Benjamin Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1901-09-05 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived American Monthly Review of Reviews, vol.24, no.4 (October 1901) p. 389 Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Buffalo (N.Y.) Description An account of the resource On Exposition grounds A person stands on a decorated platform draped with fabric and stars, holding a piece of paper while addressing a crowd below. The platform is surrounded by large draped flags. Subject The topic of the resource Pan-American Exposition (1901:Buffalo) McKinleyWilliam1843-1901 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="https://rightsstatements.org/page/NoC-US/1.0/">NO COPYRIGHT – UNITED STATES</a>. The organization that has made the Item available believes that the Item is in the Public Domain under the laws of the United States, but a determination was not made as to its copyright status under the copyright laws of other countries. The Item may not be in the Public Domain under the laws of other countries. Please refer to the organization that has made the Item available for more information. Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available State University of New York at Buffalo. University Libraries McKinley speech https://digital.lib.buffalo.edu/files/original/05fb8536a344cacf36051551ec638d17.pdf 19f460da294a5e652b698c792cf5b02d PDF Text Text .'.~;~~ii'H~ir.......... ..' .. ,.. - -' e ST~]~lJNIVERSIT'l Of NEW YORK AT ~UFFALO c "-- - --~- .~- ---_._-~-----~ - ~--- - . -"-- c•.•.•.• -" ". -' • - .- 97J® �S.I ••••••••••••••• J~j~ SB3Ui •••d!i.~'~'~~ ••i' ,t ii•• iiil!.!!.~S~i1.J ..JiI.!f\ , .....I!!.,.,.iII. '~ A A A A ft ft ...... JD .~ JiI. fiJi '" 3:f if ~ . •• E liii ill i:I. SlJl!I.:S .. rill JiJi V, ~ •• IS! •• li.ne':I ..... ::w"~' aa fiBBB II 2 '" "iI II .;1 "'3 .:I, I, �- \ School took up so much energy at times that I often forgot that Main Street even existed at all. It was just the name of a street, part of an address to locate U.B. But seldom did I venture out on an excursion without traveling down this road. Where did it lead? Where was its beginning or end? Some felt that it started at U.B. and ended at the CPG. I knew there was a downtown somewhere along the way; it was there, I was told, that I could find the start of Main. Downtown doesn't start at Utica or Ferry as I first thought. It flows all the way down, till I was surrounded by polished towers of steel, representing Buffalo's finest. I felt dwarfed at first standing among them. Their size almost made me overlook the elegant architecture of earlier periods. 3 �::::::S:::7~~~tr-~~.......,,_ -~~ 4 �The quiet dignity of the Ellicott Squire Building stands in the shadows of the shining panes of glass of the M&T Plaza and Main Place Mall. Unlike the buzzing activity of the early morning and 5 o'clock rush hours, downtown in mid-afternoon has a surprisingly few number of people on its streets. Work has drawn them into the confines of their offices, much like classes at school, leaving the sidewal ks without streams of people heading in many directions. 5 �• 6 �I n contrast to downtown, Buffalo's Theater District energy is apparent only at night. I appreciate plays, ballet and music because they enhance meaning into ordinary experiences. life by infusing deeper 7 �DI~"UUNl HEALTH E. BEAUTY AIDS 8 - --"----:......... �Not everything that I saw could be explained to me. Soon after crossing Tupper, Main Street's flow seems to ebb quickly. Skepticism crept into me as it filtered out of the passive reticence of the faces I passed by. I could never really tell what was going on behind them. They don't tell you much about their inner workings. They look removed from the excitement of downtown or the pleasure of the Arts; they're not hiding, just sort of being. A furniture store without furniture, an office supply store without supplies. They seem to have caught their fate from adjoining structures, equally diseased. Like a cold that moves from one to another, leaving behind a chill. r 9 �Crossing Delevan, Amherst, Hertel, there are no more towering structures or empty shells. There is a continuous increase of activity as I get closer to the campus. I realize now that there is more to knowing and understanding than just looking at blurring contrasts with a perceptive eye. 10 �11 �I have to go behind the facades. Whether they are a tradesman, a tinker, or a teller I have to walk into their shops, look behind their smiles and frowns, to know what their life is all about. 12 ��In this same way I must go beyond my university classes, my experiences of college life and realize that education is a process that has no end. And I begin to feel stronger as I realize that the community and the university belong together as neighbors, sharing an address on Main Street. 14 �15 ���For four years I have been witness to changes on Main Street, the subtle and the obvious. Refurbishing took place in the Dental School. Bluebird busses became more conspicuous as commuting was no longer limited to the isolated dorms. Norton became Squire, Lockwood became Abbott, blue building signs became brown. A coat of paint could change the old into new, but a new appearance would not change the basic core of what began with others and continues with those here today. 18 �Ii 19 �The first few weeks were tre most difficult, with the tide of a large student population. struggling It was then that the old Norton was the center of student life; stand near the door and soon a familiar face would appear. 20 �21 �Mornings in the cafeteria with coffee and The Spectrum; many gathered with many purposes: comparing notes, outlining chapters, catch ing up after a missed lecture, or just hanging out. And after ten the Rathskellar opened - filled to capacity 22 by noon, with a search for empty chairs to join friends. �Haas Lounge saw me etings politicians, protests, speakers folk singers. I J 23 �24 �Enormous picture windows let us look out at the panorama of campus life: lunchtime around the fountain, the swelling crowds between classes, the bitterness of Buffalo winters framed and viewed from a warm perspective. 25 ��27 �I I i I II I 28 �- 29 �'.•. ~ «(,)'. '~ ,. 30 .. �31 ���As I cross to the other side - The Real World - I see life, no longer scheduled MWF 10-10:50, not limited to the 18 to 22 year old crowd, not sanctioned off to schools or faculties. Life: real people, not textbook models, living by the heart and mind, not by prescribed formulae. Each person is an individual, the product of experiences that are different than mine. My world has opened before me like a blossoming rose. I belong to that group and I am alone in it. I am connected by purpose, separated by education and experience. My friends in college were easy to relate to, of my age and of sim ilar ambitions. How does my education fit in with the world of the experienced? Adjustments will be made. I will feel superior and inferior. But, I will soon belong. 34 ����I Yet what is this world into which I find myself incorporated? A mainstream confusing to the eye, abstract in its conception, streams of free-flowing energy. Fast paced - no time for review, no warning of an upcoming test. Decisions of great importance will be made in a passing breath. Will it be the right decision' It will have to be; no time for checking the textbooks, they only work well in isolated settings. I am not allowed to think of the answer, r have to know what it is. The text is not before me and more is at stake than a grade. Experience will give me confidence, education and training will give me courage. Every proper decision will help to secure my place in the world. So r of paper enter the job market, resume in hand: two sheets from the printer. It spells out my life only in bare essentials so that it will be read. On this basis I am chosen. Ten minutes is all I have: let me introduce myself, let me entertain you. But is this me I present? Shouldn't there be a misspelled word or a slip of the typing finger? I'm not this perfect! Will they expect me to be me? When the choice is made, my confidence returns. Of course they want me. I never doubted it for a minute. 38 �39 �~[jd 1_ ... i .. .. iiI~ • • 40 'I �College produces thought, industry produces action. I no longer deal with the hypothetical, I can see my ideas put into practice. I work out problems for more than the sake of coming up with an answer and this is what I went to school for, this is what I planned to do. The work I accomplish affects many people. I can shape the course of progress. My work makes a difference. 41 �42 �The transrtion involves more than a job, crossing the bridge brings me into a world of new customs. In college I would hang out, in the real world I socialize) I mix. The places that made me comfortable as a student will make me uncomfortable later. I find myself giving up pastimes that were an integral part of my four year experience. Other preferences develop) not always seeming plausible. New people enter my life, many into memory. the best, but old ones fade 43 ���46 �But as my concerns embrace the public, they also become more personal. Money becomes a more substantial matter - student loans will no longer pay the way (and now the paycheck time comes for student loans to be paid). A is concrete proof of the worth of my time to others; I use that paycheck to give myself what I've felt denied. But there may not always be enough: inflation permeates, the upkeep of a house becomes more apparent, a family has needs to be met. I once depended on others, now others depend on me. 47 �����VARSITY FOOTBALL Frank Berrafato Defensive Back John Black Fullback Don Brocklehurst Offensive Guard Craig Cirbus Center; Offensive Tackle Bob Costanza Defensive Back Shane Currey Linebacker Mike D'Arcy Defensive Tackle Mark Daul Middle Guard Brad David Defensive Tackle Bill Dewey Offensive Guard Tony DaDante Middle Guard Mark DiFrancesco Halfback Gary Gam bi no Flanker Tony Grisanti Flanker Kevin Groody Defensive End; Punter Dale Gramza Split End Tom Herb Defensive Back Bruce Hoelzl Halfback Doug Johnson Offensive Tackle Kevin Jurkiewicz Offensive Guard Tim Karnes Offensive Guard Kent Keating Defensive Back Scott Keller Linebacker Linebacker Jack Dunbar Linebacker Gary Feltz Dave Krupp Fullback Dave Florek Defensive Tackle Offensive Tackle Pete Kruszynski Defensive End Kevin Lafferty Linebacker Marcy Ford Tim Lafferty Halfback Tight End Tony Formato Flanker 52 Mark Gabryel Jeff Martin Fullback Joe Maxon Center Paul McCarthy Defensive Back John Modryznski Offensive Tackle Sam Monaco Kicker Luke Owens Quarterback; Punter Steve Pawluk Middle Guard; Kicker Jime Pepe Offensive Tackle Gary Plotycia Center Kevin Pratt Tight End Joe Previll Offensive Tackle Frank Price Flanker Gary Quatrani Split End Randy Retzlaff Defensive End Jim Rodriguez Quarterback Larry Rothman Defensive Tackle Joe Ryan Split End John Sarra tori Middle Guard Angelo Scappa Quarterback Brian Schmidt Defensive Back John Skalla Defensive Tackle Jim Smith Defensive Back Gary Tartick Halfback Charles Termini Defensive Back Pau I Terranova Linebacker Dave Thorn Defensive End Dave Thurnherr Center Jim Tompkins Defensive End Jim Vaux Offensive Guard Dan Vecchies Linebacker Herb Wall Defensive End Tom Wood Defensive Back Jim Worosz Defensive Back Henry Zagara Defensive Tackle Bill Dando Head Coach �•• •I 53 �VARSITY SOCCER I I Luis Azcue Forward Steven Katz Defense Daniel Bilka Barry Kleeman Midfield Alfonso Bonilla Forward Charles Boshane Midfield Richard Bowditch Defense Michael Brotherton Forward Steven Cate Defense Si Yu Chu Forward Mark Celeste Goalie Stuart Clough Defense George Daddario Midfield Midfield Mike Marszalkwoski Defense Tom Medige Goalie James Papoulis Midfield James Parker Midfield Martins Periera Forward Mike Preston Goalie Ramsey Quartey Midfield Keith Schwabinger Forward Alan Derner Defense Edward Sorkin Robert Deshaies Dr. Sal Esposito Midfield Luke DiMaggio Forward Stephen DiPasquale Defense William Fish Forward David Gauss Midfield 54 Midfield Mark Lewis-Jones Defense Head Coach Dr. Norman Baker Assistant Mile Allan Assistant Mike Rielly Trainer George Daddario Co-Captain John Grygliewicz Defense Barry Kleeman Co-Captain Perry Gehrmann Defense Orlando Perez Manager �, MEN'S VARSITY BASEBALL Anthony Abbatinie Outfielder Brian Anderson Pitcher Richard Baldi Catcher Mike Betz Pitcher Rick Brooks Pitcher Tim Calhoun Pitcher Dennis Cehulik Pitcher Ron Couche Outfielder Gene Dudek Infielder Greg Fisher Pitcher Phil Ganci Catcher David Gramza Infielder Don Griebner Pitcher Joe Hesketh Pitcher Dennis Howard Pitcher Tim Johnson Pitcher Scott Keller Outfielder Patrick Kelley Infielder/Outfielder Dan Kelly Pitcher Dennis Kelly Pitcher Neil LaPash Outfielder Joe Marcella Infielder Greg Miller Infielder Mike Morlock Infielder Phil Nero Pitcher Richard Nicholson Infielder Luke Owens Pitcher John Pederson Catcher Pat Raimondo Infielder Scott Raimondo Outfielder Ed Retzer Pitcher Ph iI Rosenberg Pitcher David Rosenhahn Pitcher Mark Scarcella Outfielder Mike Scime Catcher Paul Schneeberger Pitcher Joe Ward Infielder John White Infielder Jom Wojcek Outfielder Bill Monkarsh Head Coach Ed Durkin Assistant Mike Groh Assistant 55 �VARSITY CROSS COUNTRY Butch Anson Geoff Boulder Mike Fischer Greg Freitag John Mako Ken McAvoy Rick McAvoy Ron Meador Tom Pitchford Barry Schindler Gene Schwall Bill Young Dr. Walt Gantz Coach 56 �57 �VARSITY FIELD HOCKEY Patricia Adams Attack Sheryl Adelman Attack Cynthia Biondolillo Attack Lorinda Burgess Defense Jill Cherbow Attack Soyka Dobush Goalie; Defense Jodie Fuller Attack Pamela Gagl ione Attack Lynne Gorski Defense Gabriella Gray Defense Holly Helfrich Attack Victoria Jackson Attack I 58 Janine Jamieson Defense Deborah Kam inski Attack Patricia Kinney Defense Lucy Kraebel Attack Kerry Kulisek Defense Vicki Meek Goalie Betsy Silleck Attack Donna Smith Defense Jean West Defense Debra Williams Attack Betty Dimmick Head Coach Mike Rielly Head Trainer �MEN'S FALL VARSITY TENNIS Ted Baughn Singles; Doubles Bill Bishara Singles; Doubles Larry Bleiberg Singles; Doubles Robert Ellenbogen Smgles Bill Kaiser Singles; Doubles Ray LaPort Singles; Doubles Stephen Marrinan Singles Todd Miller Singles; Doubles Lawrence Mohl Singles Steven Rosen Singles Jonathan Schneps Singles; Doubles Tom La Penna Head Coach WOMEN'S FALL VARSITY TENNIS Dee Dee Fisher Singles Lucia Jones Doubles Heidi J uhl Singles Kaitee J ung Singles Lynne Kirchmaier Doubles Denise Kouri! Singles Judy Wisniewski Doubles Sharon Wolsky Doubles April Zolczer Singles; Doubles Connie Camnitz Head Coach Mike Rielly Trainer Suzan Rury Doubles Kris Schum Doubles Lynda Stidham Doubles Carol Waddell Singles; Doubles 59 �MEN'S BASKETBALL WOMEN'S Eric Alstadler Center Nate Bouie Center Fred Brookins Guard; Forward Mike Freeman Marie Bell Guard Marie Clemens Center Soyka Dobush Forward Robin Dulmage Guard Forward Mary Hickey Center Lisa Keating Brian Halberslaben Center Eric Lasch Forward-Center Forward Elizabeth Krantz George Mendenhall Guard; Forward Dave Mitchell I' Guard Janet Lilley Center-Forward Guard I Maureen Quinlivan Dave Quick I Forward Guard Andrea Rosenhaft Dave Rogers Forward Forward Deb Williams Tony Roston Guard Guard Mark Sacha Elizabeth Cousins Guard Dave Sherman Guard Tony Smith Forward Bill Hughes Head Coach 60 BASKETBALL Head Coach Mike Tramuta Assistant Mike Rielly Trainer Jim Lyon Assistant Kerry Kulisek Trainer Marie Frasca Manager Cindy Osborn Manager ��WOMEN'S VARSITY SWIMMING MEN'S VARSITY SWIMMING Kim Andrews Backstroke; Freestyle Lynn Balsavage Freestyle Holly-Anne Becker Breaststroke; Freestyle Amy Brisson Freestyle; Butterfly Mark Bourdon Breaststroke Kathleen Brown Backstroke Kim Bucheit Backstroke; Freestyle Lisa Burns Diving Natalie Buzzard Breaststroke Robin Campbell Diving Mary Ja Cloutier Butterfly; Individual Medley Barbara Day Breaststroke Karen D'Elia Freestyle; Backstroke; Butterfly jill Finch Diving Jennifer Fischer Breaststroke; Freestyle Barbara Goyette Backstroke; Freestyle Eileen Grady Freestyle Deenie Lambie Backstroke; Individual Medley Leonore Olmsted Breaststroke; Butterfly; Freestyle Don Brocklehurst Freestyle Frank Buczek Freestyle Mike Doran Diving James D'Ottavio Freestyle Alan Fritzinger Freestyle Eric Glauber Butterfly Paul Glauber Freestyle Steve Harris Butterfly Chris Hock Freestyle Greg Hock Freestyle Mark Howard Backstroke Cameron Izatt Freestyle Bruce Koffsky Butterfly Jeff Lefstein Freestyle Serfai Leung Freestyle Cesar Lopez Freestyle Mary Pavlock Freestyle Beth Prescott Freestyle; Diving Melissa Quine Backstroke; Individual Medley Breaststroke Tim Nash Freestyle Chuck Niles Freestyle George Pacella Freestyle Maureen Rose Freestyle Margaret Ryan Freestyle Steve Pawlowski Laurie Shapero Bruce Sinott Freestyle; Butterfly Lori Spada Diving Canstanca Stellacio Freestyle Kathryn Summers Diving June Weider Freestyle Eileen Wood Diving Ann Worley Freestyle Valerie Zwick Freestyle; Butterfly Pamela Noakes Head Coach Dwight Byrd Assistant 62 Jim Brenner Freestyle Jim Siepka Freestyle Backstroke Larry Stefan Freestyle Asmunser Sveinsson Freestyle Mark Ungerman Freestyle Jack Watt Freestyle John Weisenseel Freestyle Tom Westner Freestyle William Wood Backstroke Bill Sanford Head Coach Peggy Hartman Manager ���VARSITY VOLLEYBALL Judi Bardak Debi Batemen Dana Chadwick Lori Hansen Shei Loessl Wanda Mesmer Diane Nelson Cathy Plewak Ingrid Setaidi Maureen Strick Sue Trabert Akemi Tsuji Peter Weinreich Head Coach Mike Rielly Head Trainer I 65 �VARSITY HOCKEY Bill Alico Defense Tim Curry Goalie Pete Dombrowski Defense Jim Galanti Center John Gallagher Wing Martin Gordon Wing Brian Grow Wing Dennis Gruarin Defense Tim Igo Wing Bill Kaminska Goalie Rodd Kerchner Wing Kevin Knabb Wing 66 Dan Kowalchuk Goalie Rich Maclean Defense Paul Narduzzo Wing Don Osborn Wing Ed Patterson Center larry Pawlik Center Gabe Rigler Center Keith Sawyer Wing John Sucese Defense Gary Trumpfheller Wing Mark Werder Wing Tom Wilde Wing Duane Zinteck Goalie �VARSITY WRESTLING Jim Arniotes 734 Joe Bona 734 Tony Oliveri 726 John O'Sullivan Tim Booker Steve Regester 734 John Bottone 767 Tony Butera 726 Paul Curka Heavy Tom Egan 750 Jim Griffin 742 John Hannah 726 John Hughes 742 Tom [acoutot 778 Steve Marone 790 750 Tim Rock 777 Scott Slade 758 AI Siuberski 726 Ed Tyrrell 726 Dave Sokolofsky Heavy Ed Michael Head Coach Scott Stever Assistant Mike Reilly Trainer 790 67 �VARSITY BOWLING Marylee Braniecki Mary Anne Buboltz Cindy Coburn Mary Ann Corbett Sue Fulton Lori Mitrano Lori Mostoller Sharon Oliver Barb Pryce Sharon Ruszczyk Barb Schwind Gail Simmons Terry Strassel Patty Wheelock Jane Poland Head Coach 68 �• VARSITY GOLF Jim Bender Eric Boron Mark Davis John Hart Joe Kruez Tony Palombaro Jim Quirin Mike Riso Tom Shiner Mike Hirsch Head Coach Mike Hegeman Assistant 69 �STUDENT ASSOCIATION JEWISH STUDENT UNION Karl Schwartz Mitchell President Nesenoff Co-President Joel Mayersohn Jay Halfon Chairperson Mark Siev Executive Vice-President Co-President Jane Baum Bob Lowry Treasurer Mark Bookbinder Vice-President for Sub-Board I James Killigrew Treasurer Kay Fiegl On-Campus Sue Rudinsky Treasurer Secretary Member - State Board of Directors Director of Academic Affairs Carlos Benitez Director of Student Activities PODER President CHESS CLUB Vice-President Weckerle Coordinator of Commuter Affairs Sheila Richardson Coordinator of Minority Project Coordinator Carlos Caleador Director of Student Affairs Gunawan Su Iiawan Coordinator of International Frank Butterini Nayda Benitez J iusto Christine Affairs Affairs Donna Hezel Michael Wawrzyniak Juan Gonzalez President Treasurer Wayne Gradl Frances Cobian Secretary Vice-President Michael Hartl Julio Hernandez Treasurer Assistant Secretary RECORD CO-OP Director of Pubiicity Marcy Carroll Director of Public Information WEST INDIAN STUDENT ASSOCIATION AI Stein Joseph Claire Nelson Andy Blumenthal Darcy Faculty-Student Association Chairman Don Berey President Scott Vice-President Lenny Rollins Chairperson of Speakers Bureau Dawn Campbell Michael Pierce Representative to the College Council Margaret Turner Robinson Executive Committee Senator BLACK STUDENT UNION Turner Treasurer MASCOT Reid Joseph Secretary AMATEUR RADIO SOCIETY James T. Phelan K2ZL President John Carioti K2ZJ William A. Shuler Business Manager Secretary William Caryl Chairman, Board of Directors Acting Coordinator Joseph Galuszka Secretary, INTER-RESIDENCE COUNCIL President Michael Ditomasso Vice-President Kevin Bryant Treasurer Eugene Dubicki Director of Activities Mary Pusztay Acting Michtisch Charles W. Moller Minority Affairs Coordinator Manuel T omaz Vice-President for IRCB Susan Harder Business Secretary THE FARM CITY COLLECTIVE Johanna Appel Coordinator - Newsletter Barry Calder Coordinator - Administration Pam Gold Coordinator - Communications Peter Hirshman Coordinator - Proposal Paul Richmond Coordinator - Collectivity Charles Schwartz Coordinator - Land Use Facuity Advisor Patrick Boyle Member, Board of Directors Bruce Doynow Member, Board of Directors Glenn Zinter Member, Board of Directors DANCER'S WORKSHOP Dorothy M. Rizzo Administrative Director Charles Gullo Artistic Director Shelley Hain Treasurer Carlos Calcador -I Kathleen Board of Directors Treasurer, Board of Directors Jim Paul M. Convey WD2AJS SCHUSSMEISTERS SKI CLUB, INC- John Gittens Garbach Vice-President Patricia L. Couche Secretary Treasurer Guy Gittens William T. Higgs Thomas Thomas Vice President Secretary fTreasurer Vice-President Bennie L. Kyle Treasurer P. Lojacono President Michael Bergman Robinson President Lewis Treasurer David Wilson Elections and Credentials Chairman President Vlce-Presldent Nancy Duncan Student Association of the State University 70 Communications Bob Franki Diane Eade Scott NEW YORK PUBLIC INTEREST RESEARCH GROUP THE ENTREPRENEUR Sue Ann Durphy Editor Joseph Editor P. Lojacono Assistant Artistic Assistant Artistic Directyor Director Linda Nicola Assistant Artistic Jan Fischer Faculty Advisor Director �SUB-BOARD I EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE Dennis Black Executive Director Michael Volan Treasurer Jane Baum Chairperson Scott J iusto Vice-Chairperson jSecretary SUB-BOARD I SQUIRE/AMHERST Allen Clifford Squire/Amherst DIVISION Division Director Dave Fischler Publications Director Harold Fleisher Off-Campus Housing Director Brian Weiner Health Care Division Director Stephanie Krafchek Group Legal Services Director Phil Dinhofer Group Legal Services Associate Director Joe Fischer Creative Craft Center Director Karen Peterson Browsing Library Director Ken Nussbaum Ticket Office THE OTHER ONE Frank Canale Administration Bob Eldred Photography Karen Goodman Graphics Katy Maron Literary Bruce Nadler Business Keith Schwabinger Sports Gene Schwall Features Pat Young Hard News UNIVERSITY PRESS Marie Bernard Business Manager Bill Brickley Production Manager Kate Armao Production Artist Barbara Dittenhauser Production Artist Lonnie Glazer Production Artist Michael Jackson Production Artist Janice Williams Production Artist THE SPECTRUM WBFO Jay Rosen Editor-in-Chief Denise Stumpo Managing Editor Bill Finkelstein Business Manager Steven Verney Treasurer Rebecca Bernstein Art Director Larry Motyka Backpage Editor Elena Cacavas Campus Editor Kathleen McDonough Campus Editor Mark Meltzer Campus Editor Joel DiMarco City Editor Steve Bartz Contributing Editor Susan Gray Contributing Editor Paddy Guthrie Contributing Editor Harvey Shapiro Contributing Editor John H. Reiss Copy Editor Robert Basil Feature Editor Ross Chapman Feature Editor Brad Bermudez Assistant Feature Editor John Glionna Assistant Feature Editor Rob Rotunno Layout Editor Rob Cohen National Editor Daniel S. Parker News Editor James DiVincenzo Photography Editor Dennis R. Floss Photography Editor Steve Smith Assistant Photography Editor Tom Buchanan Contributing Photography Editor Buddy Korotkin Contributing Photography Editor David Davidson Sports Editor Carlos Vallarino Assistant Sports Editor Joyce Howe Prodigal Sun Arts Editor Tim Switala Prodigal Sun Music Editor Jim Sarles Advertising Manager Hope Exiner Office Manager Dr. Gerald O'Grady Director David L. Bender Director of Programming and Operations Mark A. Freuhauf Technical Director/Chief Engineer Marc Chodorow Arts and Information Director John Hunt jazz Director Kayo Stolarksi Production Engineer Linda Wagner Producer COMMUNITY ACTION CORPS Gary T. Montante Director Steven Gersz First Assistant Director Shery I Lipsky Second Assistant Director Suzanne Fancett Treasurer Chris Steck Secretary Elyce Enco Child Care Gary Schroeder Drug and Youth Karen Cahill Drug and Youth Debbie Lindquist Education Avram Abramowitz Health Care Cindy Leska Older Adults Joe Ehrlich Movies Eric Schoenfeld Publicity Jeff Paul Van Coordinator WORLDS Joel Dinerstein Editor-in-Chief Jeri Stepman Managing Editor Jerry Grossman Business Manager Steve McKee Arts Editor Bruce Jenkins Feature Editor Tom Epolito Graphics Editor Dan Lombardo Music Editor Robert Schain Photography Editor Steven T. Blomberg Sports Editor 71 �������* * * * * * * , ,j ��f - �·. - --- - -... --- �Muddy Waters Harry Chapin Leo Kotke Arlo Guthrie I 82 ��I II Elvis Costello Billy Joel I 84 ����J ean-Luc Ponty Carlos Santana 88 ��The Grateful Dead Li I 90 �Little Feat ���Michael Tilson Thomas 94 �as The Rod Rodgers Dance Company 95 ���98 �',,,,., I ,~~ .JI: ,,, .J~ ."'Jr~:"~ 99 ���• 102 . :-......."1 , I �, ". 1 03 ���106 �1 107 ���110 �111 �����116 �The twelve hundred acres of land are more vast than the number indicates. The structures lie apart, distant, separate: The mini-industrial comissary complex, the interconnected decentralized academic spine, Governors Residence Halls, box-like and off center to the left, the Bubble, a patched pimple that guides one to the Emerald City. 117 �118 �119 ���122 �Sitting out at Baird Point watching the sun set behind Governors, the essence of the campus reveals itself to be reflection. Amherst can only be aesthetically pleasing when it is covered with a blanket - a blanket of frost of a new snow in winter, a blanket of green - golf course green - in the summer, the blanket of night. Keep me warm, the campus cries. It is when it is warm that its vastness is not an eyesore, but a sight for sore eyes. The consistency of the scenery encourages even the most obstinate Amherst hater to stop and gaze, daydream, and finally lose one's self in the past or in the future, in her or in him or in you or in no one at all. There are no obstructions here, and the sky goes on forever. I have been to the spine at dawn under the cover of frost, climbed to the tenth floor of Clemens and watched the sun lend warmth to a desolate parking lot. Perhaps the coldness of the campus is in the people who insist on its hopelessness. Just once, they should sit and watch the sun light up the dandelions like lightbulb lollipops as it sets - always red - and ignites Buffalo's omnipresent cloud cover into a fiery air show. Or spend a night stargazing from the bridge part of the sky itself. at Ellicott, and wonder if Ellicott is 17, �f. '.<";\ "'t'!: -, ;"... " . ." • <- • 124 ~. \; , J �If Amherst does not have conventional your own. Students have found beauty, make Bubble-climbing to be an exciting sport on snow days, and they seem to enjoy being thrown off natural twenty foot snow drifts. I can remember an arctic expedition during the blizzard when four courageous idiots donned every piece of attire they could hold (only allowing some slight movement of the limbs), chemistry goggles too, to brave a _1000 F wind-chill factor to investigate a rumor that the Bubble had collapsed. It had. We all returned with frozen feet and free-flowing noses. Visibility had been five feet tops. 125 �126 �But the Spring came, and after the flashfloods ended, populace emerged to exploit the immense space available to them. Spring at Governors and Ellicott is warm. Barbecues and softball. Backgammon on the Governors wall and sunbathing near Lake LaSalle. Sunset watching in the groups and tennis nights. A campus being enjoyed, and not being left alone. 127 ���I i Avram L. Abramowitz Mindy S. Abramson J. David Addelman Sheryl Adelman Mark Adel Robert Leslie P. Abramowitz Adler Alan B. Akselrad I Lisa Abramson Yemisi Adegoke-Anthony Marc Adler Ebrahim Anavim \....."t. Lisa R. Angelillo 130 Colleen Angielczyk Emeka O. Anyikwa �mv Johanna Appel Joyce Armani Karen A. Arthur Kathleen A. Atwood Laura S. Atwood Kevin M. Austin Sandy Axelrod Anthony Michael W. Badding Deanie Bailey James Bakeman Mark Barbera Anne Baron G. Azrak 131 �I I, i Sharon Bauman 132 Ellis M. Baumel Howard Becker Ronald L. Baron Joyce E. Barrett Patrick B. Barrett Kristine M. Bartosiak Maria Batcho Bruce B. Baum Kenneth H. Becker Richard Becker Ro �Steven M. Bederian Joanne Bell Richard E. Benson, Nina R. Bernstein j Ronna Bernstein Carolyn J r. Ann Benner Michele Benvenisty Eric Bernstein Karen L. Bernstein �I I II J. Robert Bianchini Jeffrey R. Bianco Michael A. Biedny \ Robert). Bigos Grace Maria Blasiak Joseph Billi Elizabeth Blimm William C. Blair Steven Block Michele A. Blake Steven T. Blumberg Deborah Anne Bland Den Russell S. Blum r Alison Blumenthal 134 Nancy M. Blumer George Bobinski, Jr. Dav �Charles Boehlert Amy T. Bomus Mary J 0 Borrello Benjamin J. Bonarigo Marty Boratin Henry R. Borkowski John K. Bower J. Braunstein Denise A. Branch Lori David Bravo Cynthia i M. Bremer 135 �Lynn M. Brocklehurst Robert Brieff Richard Briggs Janet M. Bronsch idle Bernard). Kathleen M. Bruno Eric M. Bukatman Cheryl Burd Coleen A. Burke Jill B. Burton 136 Amy L. Burns Peter Butler Brothman Mary Lou Bryjak Victoria Burri David R. Byers ��II Ii Henry J. Caliguiri Mark Calkin I Patricia A. Callies Dawn A. Campbell Laurie J. Campbell Mark A. Carlson ." ···.t·~.·····\-·~ ".. .:» . Scott E. Carmer Marcy A. Carroll Marie Terese Carrubba Barbara E. Casey Jennie Cavallaro Frank J. Celenza Davi Nanc �1 '" John A. Ceresoli Chiu-Lal Chan J voti Chandiramani Cynthia L. Chapman Alan Chartash Jeffrey D. Chasick John W. Chow Peter C. Ciminelli Joseph B. Cirillo Michael David L. Clark Christine A. Clemente Allen A. Clifford Nancy Ellen Cohen Amy Cohn J. Cirrincione Brian F. Clark 139 �Brian F. Collins Thomas M. Convey Paul Cooney William B. Collins Janet Colman Kristina Colucci Peter F. Comerford David J. Cordts Matthew S. Cornick Dennis J. Costello 140 Da �i Mary Costello Susan K. Cotton Patricia L. Couche Ronald Patricia A. Cregan Lee A. Crouch Daniel K. Curry Ivy Elaine Cutler E. Couche Dana Cowan Kevin M. Coyle 141 �Frank M. Cutolo Theresa A. Cymerman Nancy Lynn Daneshgar David L. Davidson Michelle Damia Rosanne D'Amico Peter S. Dawson Robert Chariton 142 Judy Daly Delman B. Dean Richard Delmerico �..· Joanne M. Delomini Ellen Dickes Patricia A. Dimech Joel Dinerstein Philip Jay Dinhofer David W. Doherty Mindy Dolgin Richard Donaldson Michael Doran 143 �,, William Dratler Sue Ann Durphy M. Prudence Eddy Marcia A. Edelstein Elyce Enco 144 Anna D. Drobniak Walter Dziuba Susan M. Edelstein Andy Eisner Robert F. Englander Lawrence Engle Curtis B. DuBois Peter L. Eckstein ��Neil Evans \ James Debbie Feinstein 146 Catherine Fellman Cynthia L. Fels J. Everhart Joel Falter Samuel A. Faraone Sue A. Farneth Kolawole A. Fashogbon Christine Faso Francis A. Ferrigno Holly Fiebert �Kay Fiegl David A. Fischler Ira Fox Jeffrey Rebecca J. Frandina Joseph Fisher Nina Fisher Jay Flatow H. Fox Marc S. Frankel Ruben D.). Franken ., Arthur Freed Mark E. Freed Debbie freedman Michael Freedman 147 �Mindy S. Fridovich Judith R. Fruehauf Avery Fuchs John Paul Fuschino Susan Gallo Joseph Joseph C. Gagliano, Gallucci Mitchell F. Gardner Robert Garner 148 Lawrence G. Frisa Adam Frieder Jr. Mary Galligan William E. Gangloff Steven N. Garfinkel Valerie S. Garten ��Jill Gelfman Lenore M. Gervais Jeanine T. Gilbert Linda Glass Jonathan B. Glickman Richard A. Gluck Gregory J. Giglia Lonnie B. Glazer Ilene S. Goldberg D , Vicki L. Goldberg Joyce D. Goldklang 150 David Goldblatt Lewis Goldman Fredda J. Goldenstein Stephanie Goldring E �Julie Gonsalves Sheldon H. Gopstein Karl Granlun Robert Daniel Greenstein J. Graziano Andrew D. Greenberg Beth Greenberg Jerry Grossman John A. Gryglewicz James H. Guildford Wade L. Gunsolus Martin C. Gupta Joel M. Greenia ! Eduardo T. Guity 'r ".V."--' lV'\!. ~ \;I.~ ~~~~",,"""k, Jane Gutenstein Jill Gutterson 151 �Timothy Susan). Vicki M. Hall J Cynthia Hagg Hamberger Debra S. Hase 152 Haefner ) av R. Halfon Peter W. Harju Vicki Harris Linda Harvey Linda A. Helf Rhonda Michael J .W. Hennessey Helfman N �William H. Herrmann Lynne Hershkovits John C. Hess Norman Hirsch Sharon L. Hokinson Beth Jane Hollender Eileen Hirsch '. ) 153 �John F. Howell Cynthia M. Hrynczak James N. Hulme Garald R. Hunt Scott M. Hunt - ; ..... ? .~ .,' 'J • It.· \!' . ~ -,.\ Donna Marie Ignaszak 154 Otimeyin A. Ikomi . \' \'. \.i . . Jf: Patricia Lynn Inglesby Robin S. lskce Kai Ira lssersohn Keith Itzler Wal �Lynda G. Jacobs Michele I. Jacobson Theresa L. Jakubowski Michele A. Janis Mozelle Jones James J ung Kaitee J ung Pam Jenson [anet M. Jones Lionel J uste , Walid R. Kabiaoui 155 �Jeffrey H. Kagan Dori Kam Lois Kalver Bruce A. Kall Barbara Kaminsky S ,,': - ~# '\ ; Audrey B. Kantrowitz Susan M. Kaplan Steve M. Karp Steven Kasanofsky Larry Kaslow r..0 ,." r, AI c 156 �Alan S. Katz Paula T. Katz Esther S. Katzman Candace E. Kelley Sally Kellner Kevin C. Kempf J ames Kearney Kimberley Keller 157 �Katherine A. Kennedy John F. Kent, Jr. Michael D. Kenyon Drew Reid Kerr Donna M. Kerwin Harvey Ketcher Jay Lawrence Kiman Barry C. Kleeman Eugenic A. Klausman Michael Klein Penny Klein 158 Eil �Howard R. Klieger Mitchell S. Klipper FrancesM. Kmiecik Susan H. Knaster \f Patricia L. Knight Janet Kohl Tori Ann Kolinski Leslie R. Kolker Devora Jill Konoff Paul M. Konowitz Eileen P. Kopstick Marvin A. Kornmehl Gary M. Kozlowski 159 ��Susan Ruth Knorr Michael A. Kravitz June Kreisel Louie Kruth Sh irlee E. Kuh I Michael Kuprijanow Barbara Kurtz Joel Kurtzhalts Randy L. Kush man Karen D. Kushner Fran k Lagh Karen Lachow ezza, Jr. I Amy LaGuardia Kathleen Lahti 161 �Jay R. Lake Wayne Lauscher Monita Laurent Paula J. LaManna William J. Lawrence Samuel G. Lansing Clifton C.W. Lee Victor S. Lee Howard S. Lefkowtiz Joan E. Lehman Chon-Io Lei M " .. ,.. . • •• Chon Nin Lei D �Karen Jean Leone Peter Lem Mary E. Leonard Sin-Sum Leung Brenda Sue Levinson Margot A. Levy David A. Lewis Denise E. Lieberman Barbara M. Lindner Carole Lindsey Mary J a Lipinczyk 163 �, \. John Loewy A. Ruben 164 Lopez Theresa Maria Lorenzo Joseph P. Lojacono Borys Loza Daniel Lombardo William London Nelson L. Lui Thomas Luzzi G M �Sharon Macy Timothy D. Maloy Gerald J. Loretta Maffei Dennis Mahaney Sandra M. Mandarino Patrick Dana Markover Allen Daniel Marks Diane G. Mather Valerie Matwiejow J. Mangan 1 Marcoccia Matthew R. Martin Kevin P .. Marracino Maria J. Martelli 165 �Theodore M. Mazer John Thomas McCabe Christine M. McCann Mark McLane James P. McGowan Patrick M. Mdladla Arthur Meltzer Lisa E. Merle Diane M. Merwarth t Bruce 166 J. Meyers Kathleen Michitsch David E. Mietlicki Daniel C. Miller �Kevin Miller Scott D. Miller Eileen T. Mohr Mohammed Deborah L. Montevecch io Cary Keith A. Mobilia I J. R. Mohyeddin Moorstein Darren J. Mollot Dale S. Morgulis Moiz A. Mohamedali , Victoria M. Monaco Gary T. Montante ���Richard Christine Mott D. Motyka I I I Kathy Edward P. Murphy Mark F.A. Myszka Claire A. Nelson Patricia A. Napoli Mitchell Nesenoff L. Muller 170 L. Murawski Abby Neiman Elyse Natter Diane A. Newman Anthony Roberta P. Niger II Eric Fru Ngwa Daniel J. Nigro �Charles Ross Niles Aleta Nye Cindy L. Oberjosh David O'Brien Cletus Okey Okonkwo James M. Olson Daniel P. O'Neill Vicki E. O'Reilly Peter N. Orlando Cheryl L. Osee key Helena L. Otsa Peter Laurie F. Organ I • J. Pace Catherine Pacvnskl 171 ��Paul J. Palisano James L. Papoulis Ann E. Paris Mahmood D. Patel Tara M. Patin Jeffrey Paul Stephen Pawlowski, Valerie M. Pentoney Carolyn Perlow Fern A. Parness J r. Mark James Pelkey Lisa Pensky Kevin James Peterson Hieu Trang Pham 173 �Daniel Phillips Gretchen Paul Bennett Plesser Susan Poderis Susan Carol Piccarreto Kristine Pidkameny Mihalis N. Pitsakis Richard W. Poli Elaine Polites Michael 174 Anne Phillips J. Pollack Susan Pollak Pe �t \ Philip B. Posner Kevin Prather Colette A. PreFontaine Bruce Proctor Diana Ragonese Beth Joy Randell Peter C. Rappa Daniel Paul Ratka Gust Peter Pullman Mary Ess A. Pusztay �176 �Lloyd Evan Ratner Cheryl Regan David J .V. Regelski Elaine A. Reynolds Paul K. Rhyde Larry Ribler . , ... ..• .. " J, .~ ! ~ Ron Ricotta Edith Ivette Rivera John S. Rizzo Dozene Z. Roberts John Roberts Lawrence Robin K. Yves Robinson Jose V.G. Roca Susan M. Roehmholdt Joseph T. Rogers Timothy E. Rogers Ali M. Rodol 177 �\ Mark A. Rojek Karen Louise Roll - Richard A. Rolof Jay Rosen Scott M. Rosen o \ F Lisa Rosenbauer Janet B. Rosenbaum Marshall W. Rosenthal 178 David M. Rosenberg Pam Rossi Marci Rosenberg Alex Roth Andrew B. Rosengard v Alan M. Rothenberg EI �Sara Sammie Rothstein John M. Round Deborah Lynn Rowell Richard Mark Rubin F. David Rusin Billy Ryan Valerie Rychlik Toni Salerno Elizabeth Saltzgaber Carol Sandquist Michael S. Rubinstein Joseph F. Rugnetta, Jr. 179 �Gilbert Sang Kathleen A. Sanguedolce • Richard Santini Linda Scannell Carol E. Scarborough Robert L. Schain Brian L. Schleicher 180 Annette Scharf Judy Schmidbauer Donald J. Sarubbi v Lynn M. Sch iano M Carrie Schmill A �Laura J. Schoeneman Andrea Schuelke Jayne V. Schutt Vincent Scicch itano Daniel Eric S. Schoenfeld Karen Schrutt Nina Schwager Gene H. Schwall Karl David Schwartz J. Sculley , • I w· Michelle T. Seidner David L. Seitelman ~ Alan Douglas Seitz 181 �John K. Sementilli Marcy B. Shanbrom Harvey Shapiro Richard D. Shearer David S. Sherman Nancy Sherman Randy Sherman Bill Scultz Janice Siegel Carol J. Sien • 182 Ma �Jay Brian Silber Howard Ross Silverman Gail M. Silver Richard M. Silvestri Reid Simmons "',it": ''' v' , .' • ~, ' ~v- -<'.:..'S',' ",6 ~. -. -',- - "."- !I -G- . , ,, Joseph M. Simone Kathlene A. Simpson Julie Sinatra Carol Ann Sirmay Margaret Charlene C. Siazak Bradley A. Smith Eric D. Smith M. Slavin Mary C. Sm ith 183 ���Craig R. Snyder David F. Snyder Randi L. Solomon Steven Sorci Louis K. Souffrant Sheri II Spatz Susan Spindel 186 Roberta Snyder Daniel J. Sonricker Mary Anne Spencer Richie Spinner T �Gwendolyn Spizz Brian J. Stack Todd Steiner J ill Sprung lay T. Stainsby Christina A. Stasiuk Alan Stein Joann Marie Steinkrichner Constance Stellaccio 187 �Monica Stempien George A. Stephen James Stoynoff Jeri Stepman David M. Stillwell Laurie Stoller Denise Stumpo Ann Sturm Russell F. Surmanek Amy [o Surrette Martin S. Szymanski Frank). 188 Tabacchini Lori A. Taylor John Tewksbury Barbara Ann Thomas Darlene Thomas Jan �Jeffrey c. Thomas Caleb Chung-Lam Adegboyega Tso S. Thompson Nancy G. Treichler Regina L. Truitt Susan Jayne Deborah Norman Tsacalis Ann E. Tucker j Janet F. Twardzik Doreen Tyson Ullman Ungerleider 189 ��Carlos P. Vaca Robert Valentine z..l Catherine D. Vanderhule ~ David Michael Wagner Peter Edwards Walenta Ellen D. Vineski Uncle Vito Nancy Jane Wallace Steven A. Walti Rose M. Voss if •• Michael A. Watkins Michael N. Webb 191 �, ~ I i J George M. Weber George John Weckerle Karen Sue Weidman Donna J. Weigert I Harry Weinberg Steven lay Weinreb Amy J. Weinstein Keith Weiner Karen). Weis Heidi Weinfuss Wendy Weiser David N. Wertz 192 Lynn Weinholtz M Michael E. Weiss Randy West Ma �Thomas G. Westner Kevin Whittaker David Jay Williams Karen C. Wilson James M. Winter Pameal A. Wood Linda Anne Wozniak Mark Witczak Digby Norcross Wolfe Marc Wolin Steven J. Wright �Michele Young Maria E. Zabala Gail M. Wroblewski John Philip Wysokwoski Mark L. Yaguda Nina Zahn Ken Zierler April Denise Zolczer ��, I j I 1 I I J - , �I • I I I I , r I \ , \ , \ \ , , I �SENIOR INDEX Avram L. Abramowitz Leslie P. Abramowitz Lisa Abramson Kristine M. Bartosiak Biology Brooklyn Environmental Brooklyn Maria Batcho Design Bruce B. Baum Communication/Psychology Manhattan Mindy S. Abramson David Addelman Yemisi Adegoke-Anthony Mark A. Adel Sheryl Adelman Marc Adler Robert J. Adler Psychology Political Science Appel Joyce Armani Karen A. Arthur Andy Attison Kathleen A. Atwood Howard Becker Bronx Biology H. Becker Joanne Bell Richard E. Benson, Jr. Michele Benvenisty Eric Bernstein Lancaster Political Science Karen Lee Bernstein Buffalo History Brooklyn Nina R. Bernstein Nursing Liverpool Anthony G. Azrak Robert Design Manhatten Medical Technology Piano Performance Chemical Engineering Mark Barbera Anne Baron Ronald Lewis Baron English Bianchini Chemistry Jeffrey R. Bianco Michael Alan Biedny Robert J. Bigos Syracuse Accounting Tonawanda Sociology Forest Hills Joyce Patrick 198 E. Barrett Billi William C. Blair B. Barrett Management Lackawanna Electrical Engineering Lackawanna Chemical Engineering Middletown Human Services/Child Development Amherst Deborah Anne Bland Occupational Therapy /Sociology Syracuse Grace Marie Blasiak Elizabeth Blimm Biology Camillus Psychology Lockport Steven T. Blomburg Econom ics/Mathematics Oceanside Political Science Steven M. Bluestone Architecture Steven Block Sports Administration/Management Human Services/Psychology Norfolk, MA Management/Finance Getzville Accounting Buffalo Joseph Speech Communication Buffalo History Pleasantville Business Management Pleasantville Finance Cheektowaga Michael H. Bieger Business Management Glen Cove Plainview Management Joseph Management Bronx East Amherst James Bakeman Psychology Whitestone CDS/Psychology Kenmore Legal Studies North Syracuse Michele A. Blake Deanie Bailey Nursing Tonawanda Electrical Engineering Gowanda Management Merrick Bayside Psychology Brooklyn Michael W. Badding Engineering Political Science Ronna Bernstein Corfu Sandy Axelrod Mechanical Dix Hills Carolyn Ann Benner Buffalo Kevin Merelle Austin Management/Psychology Bronx Glen Falls Springville Laura Sharman Atwood Biology Massapequa Richard Becker Beach Architecture/Environmental Design Manhattan Steven M. Bederian Lisa R. Angelillo Johanna Environmental Geography Woodmere Economics Brooklyn Ebrahim Anavim Anyikwa Ellis M. Baumel Kenneth Brooklyn Nuclear Engineering Buffalo Emeka Osvachara Management Management Williamsville Management Congers Business Management Angielczyk Sharon Bauman Deer Park Williamsville Studio Art Mokola, Ibadan, Niberla Alan B. Aksel rad Colleeen Tonawanda Nursing Tonawanda Computer Science Eggertsville /Social Gerontology Monsey Management Howard Biology Chemical Engineering Bay Shore Woodbury Russell Scott Blum Business Management Great Neck �Alison Blumenthal Communica-tions Laurie J. Campbell North Woodmere Nancy M. Blumer Electrical Engineering Mark A. Carlson Scotia George Bobinski, J r. Management Scott E. Carmer Amherst Charles Boehlert Amy T. Bomus Benjamin J. Bonarigo Marty Boratin Henry Richard Borkowski Mary J 0 Borrello John K. Bower Denise Annette Lori Branch J. Braunstein David Bravo Cynthia M. Bremer Richard Briggs Lynn M. Brocklehurst Janet M. Bronschidle Management Bernard J. Brothman Tonawanda Business Administration Buffalo Kathleen M. Bruno Mary Lou Bryjak Eric M. Bukatman Cheryl Burd Colleen A. Burke Amy L. Burns t Biology Oneida Communicative Disorders Bellerose Management Batavia Anthropology Lancaster Business Administration Depew History Arkport Physical Geography Pine City Biology (Interdivisional) Pittsford Commun ication/English Bellmore Mathematics Elmira Communication Buffalo Economics Afton Nursing Buffalo Victoria Burri Jill B. Burton Peter Butler David R. Byers Accounting West Seneca Political Science Buffalo PhilosophylJudaic Studies North Bellmore English Plainedge Physical Therapy Guilderland Psychology Ozone Park Nursing Schenectady Early Childhood Development/Communication Elmsford Accounting Lindenhurst Management Tonawanda Marcy A. Carroll Marie T. Carrubba Barbara E. Casey Jennie Cavallaro Frank J. Celenza John A. Ceresoli Chiu-Lai Chan Jyoti Chandiramani Cynthia L. Chapman Alan Chartash Jeffrey D. Chasick John W. Chow Peter C. Ciminelli Joseph B. Cirillo Michael J. Cirrincione Brian F. Clark David L. Clark Christine A. Clemente Allen A. CIifford Nancy E. Cohen Amy Cohn Brian F. Colli ns William B. Collins Janet Colman Kristina Colucci Peter F. Comerford Henry J. Caligiuri Mark Calkin Patricia A. Callies Mechanical Engineering Smithtown Cell and Molecular Biology /Biology Snyder Paul Cooney Accounting Islip Terrace Dawn A. Campbell Thomas M. Convey Biology Jamaica David J. Cordts Physical Therapy Lakewood Biology Jamestown Mathematics Tonawanda English/Com munication Brooklyn Sociology Elba Theater/Speech Communications Dover J Delaware Nursing Buffalo Biology Brookville Environmental Design Rome Nuclear Medicine Technology Hong Kong Biology /Medical Technology Buffalo Human Services/Psychology Brownville Management Far Rockaway Computer Science Lake Ronkenkema Psychology /Econom ics Tsuonwan, Hong Kong Accounting Cheektowaga Management Cheektowaga Civil Engineering Buffalo Theater/Film Williamsville Electrical Engineering Conklin Business Management Central Islip English/Communication Spring Valley Political Science Plainview Psychology /Human Services Merrick Civil Engineering Freeport Sociology Hamburg Management Bayside Communication Design Kenmore EnglishjPolitical Science Niagara Falls Management Buffalo Chemical Engineering Mohegan Lake Mechanical Engineering Fairport 1QQ �Matthew S. Cornick Richard Donaldson History Plainview Karen L. Correnti Dennis J. Costello Michael Doran Physical Therapy Rochester Anthropology William Dratler Kenmore Mary Costello Susan K. Cotton Patricia L. Couche Ronald E. Couche Dana Cowan Kevin Michael Coyle 1 Dennis Crayon I I Patricia A. Cregan Lee A. Crouch I Daniel K. Curry Ivy E. Cutler Frank M. Cutolo Theresa A. Cymerman Judy Daly Psychology /Social Gerontology West Seneca English Rochester Management Amherst Business Management Amherst Political Science/Urban Studies Buffalo English Buffalo Communication Design Latham English Albertson English/Legal Studies Buffalo Anna E. Drobniak Economics/French Curtis B. DuBois Buffalo Physical Therapy Niagara Falls Sue Ann Durphy Accounting Walter Dziuba Peter L. Eckstein M. Prudence Eddy Marcia A. Edelstein Susan M. Edelstein Electrical Deborah N. Elkind Robert F. Englander Disorders and Sciences Lawrence Engle Neil Evans. Accounting Great Neck Michelle Damia Rosanne D'Amico Nancy L. Daneshgar David L. Davidson Peter S. Dawson Robert B. Dean Charlton Delman Richard Delmerico Joanne M. Delomini Ellen Dickes Patricia A. Dimech Joel Dinerstein Philip). Dinhofer David W. Doherty Mindy Dolgin 200 Psychology Syracuse Speech Communication Amherst Communication Montauk Political Science Mathematics/Statistics Tamarac, Fla. Art Bronx Elyce Enco Engineering Lackawanna Communicative Orchard Park Getzville History Amherst Yonkers Andy Eisner Accounting Amherst Management Amherst Aerospace Engineering East Aurora Business Williamsville Accounting Brooklyn Economics Webster Speech Communication North Tonawanda Accounting Flushing Pol itical Science Buffalo Business Management Tonawanda Industrial Engineering North Tonawanda Management Flushing Electrical Engineering Dobbs Ferry Speech Pathology Buffalo English/Teacher Education Flushing Sociology Sloan English Forest Hills Political Science Jerricho Political Science Amherst Psychology /Human Services Long Beach James). Everhart Joel Falter Samuel A. Faraone Sue A. Farneth Kolawole A. Fashogbon Christine Faso Debbie Feinstein Catherine Fellman Cynthia L. Fels Francis A. Ferrigno Holly Fiebert Kay Fiegl David A. Fischler Joseph Fischer Psychology/Human Services Plainview Management Rosedale Environmental Policy Cedarhurst Economics Brooklyn Civil Engineering Endicott Transportation Planning Forest Hills Anthropology Walden Chemical Engineering Cato Management Nigeria Business Management Williamsville Sociology /Urban Studies Staten Island Nursing Freeport Management Williamsville Civil Engineering Johnson City Communicative Disorders Bronx Psychology Snyder Accounting Albany Political Science Levittown �Nina Fisher Jay Flatow Ira Fox Jeffrey H. Fox Rebecca 1. F rand ina Marc S. Frankel Ruben D.J. Franken Arthur Freed Mark E. Freed Debbie Freedman Michael Freedman Mindy S. Fridovich Adam Frieder Lawrence G. Frisa Judith R. Fruehauf Avery Fuchs John P. Fuschino Joseph c. Gagliano, Jr. Accounting East Rockaway Psychology Flushing Accounting Bellmore Management Albany Dance Analysis & Aesthetics Buffalo Electrical Engineering Valley Stream Medical Technology Antilles Management Oceanside Management Woodhaven Communications/Sociology Bronx English/Education Williamsville Occupational Therapy New Rochelle Biology Gaithersburg, Md. Sociology Brooklyn Accounting Amherst Management Brooklyn Industrial Engineering Mechanicville Economics/Political Science Utica Mary Galligan Accounting North Babylon Susan Gallo Physical Therapy Elmont Joseph Gallucci Biology New Rochelle William E. Gangloff Political Science Buffalo Mitchell F. Gardner Accounting North Massapequa Steven N. Garfinkel History Bronx Robert Garner Management Utica Valerie S. Garten Management Rego Park Jill Gelfman Accounting Lido Beach Lenore M. Gervais Math/Statistics Ballston Lake Gregory J. Giglia Biology West Seneca Jeanine T. Gilbert Management White Plains Linda Glass Accounting Forest Hills Lonnie B. Glazer Communication Design Brooklyn Jonathan B. Glickman Richard A. Gluck Pamela Gold Ilene S. Goldberg Vicki L. Goldberg David Goldblatt Fredda J. Goldenstein Joyce D. Goldklang Lewis Goldman Stephanie Goldring 1 ulie Gonsalves Sheldon H. Gopstein Karl Granlun Robert 1. Graziano Andrew D. Greenberg Beth Greenberg Joel M. Greenia Daniel Greenstein 1erry Grossman John A. Gryglewlcz James H. Guildford Eduardo I. Guity Wade L. Gunsolus Martin C. Gupta 1ane Gutenstein Jill Gutterson Timothy Haefner Susan J. Hagg Jay R. Halfon Vicki M. Hall Cynthia Hamberger Peter W. Harju Civil Engineering Bronx Economics Forest Hills Environmental Design Brooklyn Geography Plainview Industrial Engineering Staten Island Psychology Plainview Business Manhasset Hills Communications Hackensack, N.J. Management Merrick Speech Pathology /Audiology Massapequa English Blauvelt Environmental Design/Political Brooklyn Business Administration Buffalo Electrical Engineering New Windsor Economics Brooklyn Environmental Studies Bronx Accounting Tonawanda Cell Biology Pomona Management Franklin Square Social Science Sloan Chemical Engineering Tonawanda Urban Studies Amherst Accounting Tonawanda Industrial Engineering Rochester Legal Studies/Sociology Bronx Legal Studies Bayside Accounting Buffalo Communication Williamsville Pol itical Science Bayside English Massena Communication Design Buffalo Business Administration/Econom New Rochelle Science ics 201 �Vicki Harris Theater Wantagh Linda Harvey Pol itical Science Bayside Debra S. Hase Psychology Brooklyn Linda A. Helf Economics Tonawanda Rhonda Helfman Legal Studies Forest Hills Michael J. Hennessey Industrial Engineering Miller Place William H. Herrmann Accounting Port Washington Lynn Hershkovits Political Science Brooklyn John C. Hess English Buffalo Eileen Hirsch Chemical Engineering Brooklyn Norman Hirsh Industrial Engineering Manhattan Peter Hirshman Architecture Manhatten Sharon L. Hokinson Art History Tonawanda Beth J. Hollender Nursing Scarsdale John F. Howell Econom icsjPsychology Delmar Cynthia M. Hrynczak Physical Therapy Kenmore James N. Hulme Chemical Engineering Minnetonka, Minnesota Garald R. Hunt Chemical Engineering Fredonia Scott M. Hunt Chemical Engineering Rochester Donna M. Ignasiak Otimeyin A. Ikomi Patricia L. Inglesby I Robin S. Iskoe I II Ira Issersohn Keith ltzfer Lynda G. Jacobs Michelle I. Jacobson Theresa L. Jakubowski Michele A. Janis Pam Jenson Janet M. Jones 202 Accounting Cheektowaga Industrial Engineering Benin City, Nigeria Communication Disorders and Sciences Buffalo Accounting New York Psychology jHuman Services Brooklyn Civil Engineering Seaford Mozelle Jones James Jung Kaitee Jung Lionel Juste Walid R. Kablaoui Jeffrey H. Kagan Bruce A. Kall Lois Kalver Dori Kam Barbara Kam insky Audrey B. Kantrowitz Susan M. Kaplan Steve M. Karp Steve Kasanofsky Larry Kaslow Alan S. Katz Paula T. Katz Esther S. Katzman J ames Kearney Kimberly Keller Candace E. Kelley Sally Kellner Kevin C. Kempf Katherine A. Kennedy John F. Kent, Jr. Michael D. Kenyon Pol itical Science Plainview Human Services Hicksville Physical Therapy Camillus Marketing Management North Ogden, Vermont Engl ish jCom munications West Seneca Nursing Amherst Drew Reid Kerr Donna M. Kerwin Jeffrey Kess Harvey Ketcher Jay L. Kiman Eugenie A. Klausman Nursing Buffalo Management Brooklyn Biochem ical Pharmacology Monticello Civil Engineering Brooklyn Civil Engineering Tarshiha, Israel Accounting Plainview Management Utica Sociology Mansey Communication Bayside Speech Pathology Yonkers Computer Science Belle Harbor Communications Brooklyn Management Manhattan Biology jSociology Flushing Psychology Bellmore Management Brooklyn Occupational Therapy Thiells Occupational Therapy Staten Island Biology Big Flats Business Management Fairport Accounting Orchard Park Human Services Snyder Chemistry East Syracuse Occupational Therapy Riverhead Electrical Engineering Cheektowaga Management Lyndonville Engl ishjCommun ications Howard Beach Civil Engineering Hamburg Accounting Brooklyn Mathematics Brooklyn Psychology Manhattan Linguistics Jackson Heights �Barry C. Kleeman Michael Klein Penny Klein Susan R. Knorr Howard R. Klieger Mitchell S. Klipper Frances M. Kmiecik Susan H. Knaster Patricia L. Knight Janet Kohl Tori Ann Kolinski Leslie R. Kolker Devora J. Konoff Biology Jericho History Flushing Paula J. LaManna Samuel G. Lansing History Monita Laurent Brooklyn Anthropology Ithaca Economics Howard Beach Accounting Jericho Civil Engineering Poughkeepsie Accounting Bayside Accounting Deer Park Nursing Buffalo Communication Manlius Cell and Molecular Biology Great Neck Communicative Disorders and Sciences Wayne Lauscher William J. Lawrence Clifton C.W. Lee Victor S. Lee Renata Lefcourt Howard S. Lefkowitz Joan E. Lehman Chon-to Lei Chon Nin Lei Karen J. Leone Rochester Paul M. Konowitz Eileen P. Kopstick Marvin A. Kornmehl Gary M. Kozlowski Michael A. Kravitz June Kreisel Louie Kruth Shirlee E. Kuhl Michael Kuprijanow Barbara Kurtz Joel Kurtzhalts Randy L. Kushman Karen D. Kushner Biology Syosset Music Eggertsville Biology Buffalo Industrial Engineering Buffalo Accounting Syosset Psychology /Social Science Westbury Accounting Syracuse Biology/Communicative Disorders and Sciences Syosset Communication Northport Psychology/Human Services - Early Childhood Brooklyn Legal Studies West Seneca Economics Howard Beach Communicative Disorders and Sciences Tonawanda Peter Lem Mary E. Leonard Slu-Sum Leung Brenda S. Levinson Margot A. Levy David A. Lewis Denise E. Lieberman Barbara M. Lindner Carole Lindsey Mary [o Lipinczyk John Loewy Joseph P. Lojacono Daniel Lombardo William London Karen Lachow Annette Lafer Frank Laghezza, Jr. Amy LaGuardia Kathleen Lahti lay R. Lake Psychology /Human Services Flushing Nursing Bay Shore Political Science/Economics Brentwood Communicative Disorders West Islip Geography Williamsville Mathematics/Econom ics Long Beach A. Ruben Lopez Theresa M. Lorenzo Borys Loza Nelson L. Lui Thomas Luzzi Psychology Floral Park Mechanical Engineering Vestal Communicative Disorders and Sciences Brooklyn Speech Communication Mineola Health Science Administration West Seneca Industrial Engineering Manhattan Electrical Engineering Elmhurst Art Buffalo Business Administration Spring Valley Accounting Mineola Electrical Engineering Macao Computer Science Toronto, Canada Psychology /Sociology Webster Medical Chem istry Owego Physical Therapy Horseheads Business Administration Farmingdale Engl ish/C om m un icati on Bronx Nursing Pittsford Biology Lake View Communicative Disorders and Sciences Bellmore Business Administration Bayside Cell and Molecular Biology /Bio·Chemistry Utica Theater/Speech Communication Amherst Statistics/Mathematics Queens Business Management Kenmore History Lakewood Biology /Geography Maspeth Psychology Berrien Springs, Mich. Political Science Buffalo Cell and Molecular Biology Cheektowaga Pharmacy Kenmore Chemical Engineering Dix Hills 201 �Sharon Loretta Macy Maffei English Hughsonville Eileen T. Mohr Organismal and Environmental Biology Mohammed R. Mohyeddin Nanuet Dennis Mahaney Timothy D. Maloy Sandra M. Mandarino J. Mangan Darren Cheektowaga Psychology Philadelphia, J. Mollot J. Marcoccia Dana Markover Allen D. Marks Victoria M. Monaco N.Y. Music Education Gary T. Montante Deborah L. Montevecchio Political Science Blasdell Cary J. Moorstein Matthew Martelli R. Martin Psychology/Communication Spring Valley Dale S. Morgulis Valerie Matwiejow Theodore M. Mazer John T. McCabe Management Richard Civil Engineering Christine Communicative Disorders and Sciences Lackawanna Mechanical Engineering Mott D. Motyka L. Muller Kathy James P. McGowan Mark McLane L. Roberta Murawski Nursing Edward Lockport Physical Therapy Owego Mark F.A. Myszka Patrick M. Mdladla Arthur Lisa Meltzer E. Merle Diane M. Merwarth Bruce J. Meyers Patricia Michitsch David E. Mietlicki Biology Scott D. Miller Keith A. Mobilia Claire A. Nelson Mitchell Nesenoff Sciences Moiz A. Mohamedali Political Science/Environmental Syracuse Studies English Rochester Mechanical Engineering Business Management Management Williston General Management Communicative Disorders and Sciences Syracuse Communication Brooklyn Biology Eric Fru Ngwa Anthony P. Niger II Daniel Point Accounting Plainview Management Computer Science/Mathematics Accounting Rochester Business Administration Bronx Medical Sociology/Sociology Industrial Engineering Kingston, Jamaica Accounting Social Gerontology/Human Peekskill Anthropology Buffalo German Syosset Diane A. Newman Woodmere Business Management Fredonia Nursing Lackawanna Brooklyn J. Nigro Charles R. Niles Civil Engineering Republic of Cameroon Counseling Psychology Rochester Business Management Rochester Biology Kenmore Aleta Nye Cindy L. Oberjosh David O'Brien Great Neck Kevin Miller Political Science Nyack Abby Neiman Cheektowaga Daniel C. Miller A. Napoli E lyse Natter Communication Carmel Floral Park Kathleen F. Murphy Civil Engineering Whitney History Business Administration Elma Swaziland David T. Meltzer Design and Planning Clay Psychology Franklin Square Tonawanda Accounting Auburn Administration/Social Environmental Mamaroneck Cornwall-on-Hudson Christine M. McCann Social Gerontology/Psychology Fairport Williamsville Sayville Diane G. Mather Communicative Disorders and Sciences North Tonawanda Business Management Bayside Buffalo J. Maria Engineering Penfield Pol itical Science Port Chester Kevin P. Marracino Mechanical Levittown Cheektowaga Gerald Civil Engineering Buffalo History Cheektowaga Patrick Geological Sciences Williamsville French/Spanish Buffalo Psychology North Tonawanda Speech Communication Depew Cletus O. Okonkwo James M. Olson Daniel P. O'Neill Civil Engineering Nigeria Environmental Science Jamestown Economics Buffalo Vicki E. O'Reilly Political Science Queens Village Services �Laurie F. Organ Peter N. Orlando Cheryl L. Oseekey Helena L. Otsa Ices Interdivisional Plainview Biology Marianne Portnoy Industrial Engineering East Rochester Accounting Philip B. Posner Kevin Prather Williamsville Chemistry Buffalo Colette A. Prefontaine Bruce Proctor Peter J. Pace Catherine Pacynski Geography West Seneca Accounting Gust P. Pullman Derby Linda Painter Paul J. Palisano James L. Papoulis Ann E. Paris Fern A. Parness Mary Ess A. Pusztay Communication Design Tonawanda Music Theory-Composition Huntington Nursing Rochester Management Mechanical Pawlowski, J r. English Peter C. Rappa Biology /psychology Poughquag Chemistry Buffalo Biology Utica Merrick Daniel P. Ratka Engineering Lloyd E. Ratner East Meadow Industrial Engineering Cheryl Regan Political Science Chemical Engineering Lisa Pensky nces Valerie M. Pentoney History/Legal Studies Elaine A. Reynolds Lackawanna History Buffalo Industrial Engineering Tonawanda Paul K. Rhyde Sociology Spring Valley Biology Larry Ribler -s Kevin J. Peterson Ron Ricotta Speech Communication Yonkers Econom ics/Political Edith I. Rivera John S. Rizzo Yorktown Heights Electrical Engineering Liverpool Dozene Z. Roberts Daniel Phillips Electrical Engineering Rochester John Roberts Susan C. Piccarreto Anthropology Buffalo Laurence Robin Gerontology K. Yves Robinson Music Education Jose V.G. Roca East Meadow Mihalis N. Pitsakis , Paul B. Plesser Electrical Engineering Piraeus, Greece Accounting Ali M. Rodol Communication Elaine Polites Mechanical Joseph T. Rogers Engineering Timothy E. Rogers Biochemistry Susan Pollak Management Mark A. Rojek Chemical Engineering Williamsville Anthropology Buffalo Nuclear Engineering Accounting Communication Accounting East Aurora Accounting North Tonawanda Karen Louise Roll Jericho Little Neck Mechanical Engineering Amherst Management Buffalo North Babylon Art History St. James J. Pollack Michael Buffalo Social Gerontology Brooklyn East Amherst Design Schenectady Richard W. Poli Accounting Buffalo Susan M. Roehmholdt Staten Island Susan Poderis Management Kenmore Speech Communications Dobbs Ferry Human Services/Social St. James Kristine Pidkameny Science Buffalo Science Hieu Trong Pham Gretchen A. Phillips Political Science Hamilton Economics/Political Kew Gardens Syracuse Carolyn Perlow Communications North Tonawanda David J.V. Regelski Tonawanda Mark J. Pelkey Merrick Economics/Management North Tonawanda Accounting Beth J. Randell Flushing Stephen Economics Amherst Political Science Sociology Sayville Jeffrey Paul European History Manhattan Diane Ragonese Buffalo Tara M. Patin Design Brooklyn Psychology Flushing West Falls Schenectady Physical Education Staten Island Mahmood D. Patel Communication Richard A. Rolof Music Education Delevan Management Brooklyn on, �Jay Rosen Journalism Buffalo Brian L. Schleicher Scott M. Rosen Accounting Judy Schm idbauer Lisa Rosenbauer Janet B. Rosenbaum David M. Rosenberg Marci Rosenberg Andrew Brian Rosengard Marshall W. Rosenthal Pam Rossi Alex Roth Alan M. Rothenberg Sara Sammie Rothstein John M. Round Deborah Lynn Rowell Richard Mark Rubin Michael S. Rubinstein Joseph F. Rugnetta, Jr. F. David Rusin Billy Ryan Valeria Rychlik Tappan Nursing Fairport Legal Studies Valley Stream Computer Science Westbury Communication Design Elmont Business Administration Bayside Political Science/English Roslyn Mathematics/Computer Science Flushing Speech Communications Carrie Schmill Laura J. Schoeneman Eric Scot Schoenfeld Karen Schrutt Nina Schwager Gene H. Schwall Economics Karl D. Schwartz Vincent Scicchitano Daniel J. Sculley Michelle T. Seidner David L. Seitelman Garden City Business Administration Hamburg Alan Douglas Seitz Political Science John K. Sementilli Buffalo Nursing Lackawanna Management Cheektowaga Elizabeth A. Saltzgaber Carol Sandquist Gilbert Sang Kathleen A. Sanguedolce Richard Santini Donald J. Sarubbi Linda Scannell Carol E. Scarborough Harvey Shapiro Speech Pathology Buffalo Human Services/Psychology Brooklyn Spanish/Psychology Nursing Medical Technology Grand Island Management Far Rockaway English Staten Island Engineering Science Old Bethpage History Syosset Accounting Dix Hills Pharmacy Endwell Legal Studies Buffalo Biochemistry Brooklyn Business Management Buffalo Biology Theater/Psychology New City History Brooklyn Civil Engineering Northville David Scott Sherman Communication Rochester Nancy Sherman Biology Franklin Square Economics Bronx Forest Hills Sociology Great Neck Randy Sherman Communication Bill Shultz Management Rochester Industrial Engineering Lockport Biochemical Hartsdale Human Services Hopewell Junction Business Administration Pensacola, Fla. Business Administration Annette L. Scharf Communication/Sociology Maspeth Flushing Psychology /Sociology Rochester Janice Siegel Carol J. Sien Pharmacology Robert L. Schain Lynn M. Schiano Rochester Communication Corning Marcy B. Shanbrom Richard Donald Shearer Toni Salerno Little Neck Spanish Rochester Jayne V. Schutt Charles Schwartz Accounting Management Kenmore Andrea Schuelke Buffalo Geography Buffalo Little Neck Biology Glens Falls Nursing Hamburg Psychology /Human Services Franklin Square Management Howard Beach Speech Pathology Buffalo Jay Brian Silber Gail M. Silver Howard R. Silverman Richard M. Silvestri Far Rockaway Industrial Engineering Brooklyn Management Freeport Medical Technology Manhattan Geology Bovina Center Economics/Political Roslyn Urban Studies Albany Management Tonawanda Reid Simmons Computer Tonawanda Science Science �Joseph M. Simone Kathleen A. Simpson Julie A. Sinatra Carol Ann Sirmay Civil Engineering Canton, Mass. Sociology [Social Gerontology Buffalo Communication Design Tonawanda Music Education/Music Performance David M. Stillwell Laurie Stoller James Stoynoff Kenmore Denise Stumpo Kenmore • Margaret M. Slavin Charlene C. Siazak Music Performance Hamburg Accounting Ann Sturm Russell F. Surmanek Williamsville Bradley A. Smith Eric D. Smith , 1 Mary C. Smith Craig R. Snyder David F. Snyder Roberta Snyder Randi L. Solomon Daniel J. Sonricker Steven Sorci Lou is K. Souffrant Sherrill Spatz Mary Anne Spencer Susan Spindel Richie Spinner Gwendolyn Spizz J ill Sprung Brian J. Stack Jay T. Stainsby Christina A. Stasiuk Alan Stein Todd Steiner Joann M. Steinkirchner Constance Stellaccio Monica Stempien George A. Stephen Jeri Step man Accounting/Business Administration Williamsville English[Political Science Rochester Management/Communication Cheektowaga Chemistry Painted Post Mechanical Engineering Tonawanda Sociology Sociology [Community Agency Services Management[Marketing Douglaston Amy J 0 Surrette Martin S. Szymanski Communication Niagara Falls Political Science Cheektowaga Management Valley Stream Music Education and Performance Canastota Electrical Engineering Niagara Falls Doug Talbott J. Frank Tabacchini Lori A. Taylor John Tewksbury Barbara A. Thomas Management Williamsville Management Bayside Chemistry Brooklyn History Spring Valley Sociology [Psychology Buffalo Speech Pathology Buffalo Accounting Brooklyn Biology Brooklyn Management Merrick Management Lackawanna Biology Kenmore Biology Buffalo Economics Flushing Accounting Farmingdale Geography North Tonawanda Gerontology Brooklyn Psychology [Spanish Buffalo Physical Therapy Bowmansville Industrial Engineering Fresh Meadows Nursing Buffalo Sociology Bronx Political Science Communication Design Toronto. Canada Biochemical Pharmacology Mt. Vernon Biology [Education Burt Geology Amherst English Bronx Darlene Thomas c. Thomas Jeffrey Adegboyega S. Thompson Nancy G. Treichler Regina L. Truitt Norman Tsacalis Caleb Chung-Lam Tso Ann E. Tucker Janet F. Twardzik Doreen Tyson Susan J. Ullman Deborah Ungerleider Carlos P. Vaca Donald J. Vaccaro, Jr. Robert Valentine Catherine D. Vanderhule Michael R. Van Slyck Jonathan M. 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Weber Physical Therapy East Patchogue Chemical Engineering Alden Chemical Engineering Kenmore George I. Weckerle III Karen S. Weidman Mark L. Yaguda Michele Young Donna I. Weigert West Victor Harry Weinberg Keith Weiner Heidi Weinfuss Lynn Weinholtz J. Steven Amy J. Weinreb Weinstein . English Brooklyn Political Science Bayside Psychology Hartsdale Physical Therapy North Tonawanda Business Administration Manhattan Management Rochester Karen J. Weis Georgraphy /Cartography Rochester Wendy Weiser Michael E. Weiss Business Administration Manhattan Business Administration Yonkers David N. Wertz Randy West Management Orchard Park Geography New Canaan, Conn. Thomas G. Westner Kevin Whittaker David I. Williams Karen C. Wilson lames M. Winter Biology North Tonawanda Political Science Williamsville Urban Studies Manhattan Sociology Spring Valley Accounting Grand Island Mark Witczak Management Niagara Falls Digby N. Wolfe Accounting West Amherst Marc Wolin Accounting Brooklyn 208 Penfield Mechanical Engineering Psychology/Sociology Albany Communicative Disorders and Sciences Brooklyn Maria E. Zabala Accounting Arecibo, Nina lahn Puerto Rico Speech Pathology/Sociology Merrick Ken Zierler Management Williamsville History jPolitical Science Dansville Physical Therapy Communication Syracuse Freeport Michael A. Watkins Physical Therapy East Patchogue Speech Pathology Buffalo History Communication Design Oceanside Ken ligrino English Rome April D. Zolczer Physical Education Cheektowaga ��- THE COLLEGES -FACULTY TENURE -FINANCIAL AID-I o CARDS - HOUSING- BOOKSTORE -STUDENT COURS E AND TEA L\ UATIONS - FALL FEST -ACADE MIC ADVI TER AFFAIRS - SERVICES FOR THE HA t SERVICES - HEALTH SERV ICE -D ;rURAL AFFAIRS- -DORM S ACE S- . BOARD ONE, INC.-REG 1ST JJSING -EDUCA TIONA OPP ~G -LIFE WORKSHOP S-I 'TATION -UNlVER SIT .A.JORS-VETERAN AFF A J;; UNION -TRA CRIPTS ''::FORCE -INTR MURA --RELIGIOUS OBSE DS -TESTIN AN ~TIONS -SP A ~TEREST RE EFFECTI OOKE CH ION OF T , "' UNI ER - FOREIGN S' HEL PER :ASTS-RECORD C .A. U.P.T LOBBY -SUNYAB . CRAF NSFER CREDITS - COURS DESC PTION HAND OUK. -STUDENT RIGHTS - FACULTY STU ENT ASSOCIATION, INC. - BROWSING LIBRARy-STUDE GOVERNMENT AND REPRESENTATION-ACADEMICS LIBRARY HOURS-FOODSERVICE-UUABTHE COLLEGES -FACULTY TENURE·-FINANCIAL AID -ID CARDS -HOU NG-BO CHER E ALUATI ONAL S ~g6~r CONGRATULATIONS TO THE CLASS OF 1979 M1~~A BUTION - TESTI -SUNSHINE HOUSE-BUSING NITY PROGRAM-GRADING - 210 NA~~P qg}ftW N CORP VENESS- EDUCA TIONAL OPPORTU -LIFE WORKSHOPS-INTE ' - �Congratulations to the Class of 1979. The University Police join the entire staff 117 wishing you well in the future. We hope that your experiences here have been pleasant and rewarding. K9 Urut Crime /USPO p:~:::I:o:e:~:~:~:n ~/~~I'~-(/~> \ Underwater Recovery Unit (~~i ~ Operation Identification Emergency F,rst Aid '.... \ \~ .... /", __. . ~~\ / ~~SIT'l "- +-t! 24·hour patrol of Uruversitv buildinqs and grounds 0"> Pilot 100 We are staffed and operating year 'round to provide service and protection for the community. Our telephone numbers are: Amherst Campus - 63&-2222 Main Street Campus - 831-2222 Call or visit our office at 1749 Millersport Highw'l'{. 211 �to You've dedicated yourself lake (ore of yourself. to laking (ore of others, but thot's no reason not We can help you. As on Air Force Nurse you'll be a commissioned officer ond will enjoy the respect ond prestigE' that comes with it. We'll provide you with "excellent working conditions in modern medical facilities. and we'll give you duties which OfE' Stimuloting ond chollenging. There ole fringe benefits thor include opportunities for continuing ecucouoo. JO days of paid vcccucn each yeor. end much more. We try to help you os much os we can. because there is no better way to soy "tbcok you" for the way you help others. Get all the fccts about Air Force Nursing. Contcct. SSGT. ANDY COPPI NURSE RECRUITER 4152 WEST MAIN ST. BATAVIA, N.Y. 14020 PHONE: 343-4510 ~Air 212 Force. A great way of life.~ �213 �Best wishes Class of'79, from your Food & Vending Services. A division of the Faculty-Student Association ��May Blessings Be Yours In the Years Ahead ... VIE Newman Centers (Catholic Campus Ministry) If you want to get into nuclear engineering, start by getting into the Nuclear Navy. The Navy operates more than half the reactors in America. Our nuclear training is the most comprehensive. You start by earning your commission as a Navy Officer. Then we give you a year of advanced nuclear training. During your career, you'Il get practical, hands-on experience with our nuclear powered fleet. If that sounds like the kind of responsibility you're looking for, send your resume to: Nuclear Programs Office P.O. Box 119 Niagara Square Station Buffalo, New York 14201 216 Sister Carolyn Father Chandler Father Fisher Sister Geraldine Mike McKeating Father Puehn �You are important to us •• • It seems that anyone of 70,000 alumni would be lost in the crowd. It's difficult to satisfy everybody, but the U!B Alumni Association, as the collective voice of the University's largest and most permanent constituency, has a good 'track record.' Our programs are sufficiently varied to appeal to all alumni. More important, we listen and try to help you, as an individual now that you are taking your new degree into the community, hopefully to prosper in the years to com e. You are important to us. U/B Alumni Associat ion Offices: Frank t.tovd Wright "Martin House" 217 �, , ...... ' ~ ,; • ;;.. -""' '" J -. -~-' ~. c ~ .:.. $a .... - • ~ .: • " ��From the horrors of Jonestown to the successes of the Mideast Peace Treaty, the scope of events in the past year varied more than Buffalo weather. Everyone feels the effects. Poor Jimmy Carter - despite endless hours without sleep and never ending attempts to right his wrongs - things didn't always go smoothly for him. His staff and family didn't help much: first Bert Lance was spotted for some shaky bank transactions; then it was the report of pot smoking and cocaine snorting by some staffers, which switched the administration's position from pro~decriminalization to one of harping on its harmful effects; Brother Billy then took the "Classiest Brother of a President" award by windfall margins. No little feat in itself - it took a case of rotgut and four packs of cigarettes a day, to say nothing of public urination. Much can be said for his openness and candor, little of his tact. Speaking of tact, Bella Abzug was bounced from her post after some strongly worded rhetoric denouncing Carter's 220 policies. Carter's problems continued on the international level. Camp David appeared to be a brilliant maneuver but dawdled for two months with eventual success. To keep the polls up for this time Jimmy announced the normalization of relations with China. During his state visit Vice Premier Teng made things interesting by smearing Russia's aggressive foreign policy, making "hegemony" a household word. Upon returning home he turned his words into actions by "punishing" Vietnam for its attack on Cambodia. Unfortunately his army was no match for Vietnam'stime to withdraw with dignity. Jimmy must have cringed when the Shah of Iran fell - thanks to some fine CIA surveillance. Just when things seemed to be going well in the Mideast the US's strongest ally bites the dust. Later Jimmy took abuse from Mexican authorities for American wrongdoings. Noteworthy here is the timing of the announcement of massive oil reserves - at �about the same time Pope John Paul II made his historic visit. Chalk one up for the Church. Another leader, more confused than the rest, made headlines with a mass suicide of more than nine-hundred persons. The haunting image of bodies lying facedown near a vat of cyanide-laced kool-aid shows the spell binding power of a deeply sick Jim [ones. Jones himself died of a self-inflicted wound to the head, refusing to partake in his insane communion. Other deaths less shocking in nature include Margaret Mead, a pioneering anthropologist; Hubert Humphrey, the liberals' liberal; Golda Meir, a force behind Israeli progress; and Norman Rockwell, the brilliant artist who idealized American life. It will be years before all the far reaching effects of the nuclear mishap in Harrisburg, Pennsylvania are felt. This may have been a blessing in disguise - perhaps now government officials will open their eyes to atomic abuses. Amid the average student's monotonous day-to-day routines, UB's political events overshadow even the bloodiest of revolutions and holocausts elsewhere. Yet despite two re-elections, the abolition of the student senate, and numerous futile resolutions and petitions no one really cared. Rich Mott, a mustachioed jock-intellectual who constantly needed a shave, paved the way for much of the controversy by calling for re-election of all SA executive members. Well, the present SA officials were not about to take this sitting down. Two SWJ hearings and one election later they decided to sit Mott's final executive action was not thwarted. Karl Schwartz, the new president who solved the shaving problem by sporting a beard, boasted the smooth functioning of the new executive branch - the trouble-makers were gone and what else could possibly go wrong? Enter the student senate. Bitter over The Spectrum's endorsements and driven by campus prophet Lev (who finished his twentieth year at UB), the senate went after the big guys. By a large majority they decided to close The Spectrum, prompting some very memorable headlines in the next issue - "Senate Votes to Dissolve The Spectrum, Vows Paper Will Not Appear Today." Shortly afterwards the senate itself was dissolved by a referendum introduced by a non-descript freshman. The SA happenings dominated campus news so much that everyone forgot Bobby Ketter's stint as University president ends next year. Should he leave, students can thank him for leaving an extra course per semester behind, instead of a completed Amherst Campus. Which brings me to the one bona fide student gathering of the year, if not the decade. It is fitting that in the last year of the 70's people saw fit to act [ike it was the 60's. Eleven hundred people turned out to boo and hiss our Governor Hugh Carey for his "screw you" attitude concerning construction funding. Hugh felt a lavish dome for Syracuse University was more vital to education than classrooms for UB. "Screw you too, Hugh." Sports this were exciting. Baseball posted an impressive 17-2 record while soccer was a Big 4 co-ehamp. Women's Bowling won eight of nine tourneys they entered. Men's Tennis turned up a 9-1 record, edging the Women's record of 10-3. Wrestling placed an entrant in the Division I finals. All this was possible despite no funds, a gym not worth mentioning and a student body epitomizing the word "apathetic." WeJl done! Elsewhere, The Buffalonian finally met its last deadline allowing the staff to be friends again. My relief is surpassed only by my euphoric state of mind. Good-bye! BD. Editor Managing Editor Business Manager Design Editors Literary Copy Photo Editor Asst. Photo Editors Brian Dowd Johanna Appel Peter Butler Cynthia Hamberger Marci Rosenberg julie Sinatra Kevin Michael Coyle Joel Dinerstein Paul Maggiotto Joyce Goldklang Dennis Floss Tom Buchanan Buddy Korotkin 221 ��Photo Credits Anzalone Photography 94 Phil Browning 27, 28d, 29f, 30h Tom Buchanan 23i, 43, 72e, 73a, 74b, 83b, 84, 85c, 87, 88, 89,190a Capitol Records 83d Design Staff 54a, 55d, 56b, 58b, 59c, 63, 65, 67b, 69 Jim DiVincenzo 72b Brian Dowd 38, 39, 44a,c,d,f,h, 45m,n,o,p,q,r, 76g, 100a,b, 101 h, 109h, 224 Bob Eldred 21 c,e, 23e, 28a,c, 47, 80a, 125d, 131 b, 142a, 143b, 168, 169a, 183b Gina Englese 72c Dennis Floss ',2, 7d, 17, 18, 19, 22d, 23g,h, 24a, 25c,d, 28b, 31d, 33, 34b, 35, 36, 37,40,41,42, 44b,e,g, 45k,l, 48, 50, 51, 52, 53, 54b,c, 59d, 60, 64, 66, 68, 72a,d, 73c,e,f, 75, 76a,c,e,f, 77i,j,k, 86, 97, 98, 100c, 102, 104, 105, 108b,c, 10ge,f,g,i, 111,113, 114b, 115, 116a,c, 117d, 118, 119, 125e, 145b, 162a, 163b, 167b, 172a, 174a, 175b, 182a, 220, 222 Karen Guari no 222a Cynthia Hamberger 22a,c, 25e, 31f, 34a,c, 76b, 92, 100d, l Oj e.f.g, 103b,c,d, 106, 107, 110, 120, 121,137, 138a, 165b Jack Harris Image Association 94 Bonnie Hellivig 123 Andrew Koenig 76h, 81e,f, 112, 126 Buddy Korotkin 23f, 26, 83c, 85b, 90, 91 William Morris Agency 82a Patricia Napoli 79c, 86a Susan Poderis 80d Robert C. Ragsdale a.r.p.s. 93 Marci Rosenberg 46a Julie Sinatra 46c,d,e,99 The Spectrum and The Buffalonian 6b,c, 13e, 1Sf, 20a,b, 21 d, 22b, 24b, 2ge, 30c, 31 e, SSe, 56a, 57, 58a, 67c, 74d, 76d, 80b,c, 81 g,h, 108a, 109d, 114a,. 116b, 122, 124, 127, 132a, 133b, 135a, 164a, 180a, 184b, 191 b, 193b, 194a, 196, 197a Joe Traver 61 Joe Walters 73d Steve Walti 188a Paul Winiarski 3,4,5, 6a, le, 8, 9,10,11,12, 13d,f, 14, 15c, 46b, 78a, 79b,c, 128, 171 a, 178a, 179b Main St. Copy by Paul Maggiotto Main St. Campus and Post-Graduation Copy by Kevin Coyle Amherst Copy by Joel Dinerstein Cover Concept by Paul McKenna Special Thanks to Barry Lillis of Channel 2 News for weather reports Special Thanks to Joe Traver of the Courier Express for his photography Special Thanks to Paul Winiarski for his photography Composition by University Press Offset Printing by Savage Litho The Buffalonian '79 is printed on #70 Hammermill Laurentine stock, with the third and eighth signatures printed on #70 Hammermill Imperial Ivory stock. Further specs available upon request. Copyright 1979, Buffalo, N.Y. The Buffalonian Republication of any material herein is strictly forbidden without the express consent of the Editor-in-Chief. 223 ��� Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource University at Buffalo Yearbooks Description An account of the resource <p>The first general student yearbook was the <em>Iris</em>.  Published from 1898-1907, and 1920-1932, the <em>Iris</em> was succeeded by the <em>Buffalonian</em>.</p> <p>The inaugural issue of the <em>Buffalonian</em> appeared in 1934. It was on February 26, 1934, that Norton Union opened, and the title page for the first issue of the <em>Buffalonian</em> proudly states “Published by the Associated Students of the University of Buffalo at Norton Hall on the University Campus.”</p> <p>The <em>Buffalonian</em> was the yearbook for all UB students for only one year. In the 1935 medical and dental students launched a combined yearbook called the <em>Medentian</em>. When the <em>Buffalonian</em> ceased publication in 2001, it marked the end of a yearbook for undergraduates.</p> Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://library.buffalo.edu/specialcollections/about/policies/">http://library.buffalo.edu/specialcollections/about/policies/</a> Document A resource containing textual data. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre text. Original Format If the image is of an object, state the type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data School yearbooks Buffalonian Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Buffalonian 1979 Subject The topic of the resource College yearbooks Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource State University of New York at Buffalo Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available State University of New York at Buffalo. University Archives. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1979 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Language A language of the resource en Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Text Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context LIB-UA040_1979-Buffalonian Date Created Date of creation of the resource. 2019-05-14 Is Part Of A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included. University at Buffalo Yearbooks LIB-UA040 Extent The size or duration of the resource. 221 p. Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource If you believe material in our digital collections infringes copyright or other rights, please review our <a href="https://library.buffalo.edu/about/policies/information-use/notice-and-takedown-policy.html">Notice and Takedown Policy</a> for information on how to report your concern. 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You are free to use this Item in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. Buffalonian