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                    <text>The Almost Forgotten Light:
A Classical Retrospective

Poems by

Bernhard Frank

�13

Myths ...
The Immortals
Sisyphus
I
If only he had stopped prodding
it uphill
when they were near the top,
had turned, foot jamming it,
looked down upon a world of gold
and russet, miniature earthlings
bearing
crumb-burdens to
their colony, enjoyed his triumph.
A few small stones would anchor it,
and then the rain. They settle
&amp; keep house.

II
Or, consider:
He, leaning his whole weight against
it&amp; it, entangled in the underbush
at the foot of the hill, not budging ...
He can see
nothing
for the branches
of sumac &amp; alder, the green shimmer
blinding him, and no one to observe
his ordeal.
The only gossip is that
of the leaves, the mime of their
shadows.
Oh, Sisyphus, you are right
to cry. This punishment
is real.
1992

�</text>
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                  <text>Bernhard Frank is an accomplished poet, translator, and retired English professor at Buffalo State College. He created the semi-annual magazines &lt;em&gt;Buckle”: A Poetry Journal&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;Buckle &amp;amp;&lt;/em&gt; that ran from Fall 1977 to Spring/Summer 1982 and from Fall/Winter 1998 to Fall/Winter 2006, respectively. All ten issues of &lt;em&gt;Buckle”&lt;/em&gt; include poetry, poetry translations into English, and illustrations, and published such authors as Dennis Maloney, Marge Piercy, Jon Daunt, William Dickey, Alice Fulton, John Tagliabue, and Joan Colby. As Frank explains in the first issue of &lt;em&gt;Buckle &amp;amp;&lt;/em&gt;,&lt;em&gt; Buckle”&lt;/em&gt; came to an end because of “dwindling sales and burnout.” Several issues of &lt;em&gt;Buckle &amp;amp;&lt;/em&gt; accepted submissions as part of a poetry contest, and over the span of its seventeen issues its contributors include Deborah Bogen, Joseph Lisowski, Constance Vogel, Dennis Saleh, Leonard Cirino, Shmu’ el Shatal, and John M. Bennett. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;In addition to his editorial work with Buckle, Frank has written numerous works of original poetry, drama, and fiction, along with translations and scholarly criticism on such writers as Robert Graves, Rainer Maria Rilke, Else Lasker-Schüler, and Paul Verlaine. His books include &lt;em&gt;American Gothic&lt;/em&gt; (1982), &lt;em&gt;The Homer Ladies’ Journal&lt;/em&gt; (1995), &lt;em&gt;The Print of Memory&lt;/em&gt; (2002), &lt;em&gt;John in the Wilderness&lt;/em&gt; (2006), &lt;em&gt;Splitting the Lark&lt;/em&gt; (2007), &lt;em&gt;The 4 Lives of Hamlet&lt;/em&gt; (2007), and &lt;em&gt;Deor to Dickey: A Reader&lt;/em&gt; (2011). In 1980 the University of Iowa Press published his translated volume of &lt;em&gt;Modern Hebrew Poetry&lt;/em&gt;. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;This digital collection aims to give a broad overview of his work: from the &lt;em&gt;Buckle&lt;/em&gt; magazines to his poetry, fiction, drama, translations, and criticism to recordings of his readings of poetry. Many of the items include the cover of the work, the table of contents, and a short excerpt.</text>
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                    <text>J\mcriran
~otlyir
~cru4nrb, Jtfrnult
•I

GOLDENGROVE#lOl

$2.75

�10

AFTER ILLNESS
Resuming after illness
at the same spot
so changed
one cannot
quite make the connection
Overwhelmed
by miracle
of resurrection
in a yellow bathing
light
that leaves the skin
rosy-scrubbed the iris
contracts with it
Workaday maps laid
out anew terra incognita
packed with mystery
and
my index passes down the only
possible road like a pioneer wagon
drunk with liberty

�</text>
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                  <text>Bernhard Frank is an accomplished poet, translator, and retired English professor at Buffalo State College. He created the semi-annual magazines &lt;em&gt;Buckle”: A Poetry Journal&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;Buckle &amp;amp;&lt;/em&gt; that ran from Fall 1977 to Spring/Summer 1982 and from Fall/Winter 1998 to Fall/Winter 2006, respectively. All ten issues of &lt;em&gt;Buckle”&lt;/em&gt; include poetry, poetry translations into English, and illustrations, and published such authors as Dennis Maloney, Marge Piercy, Jon Daunt, William Dickey, Alice Fulton, John Tagliabue, and Joan Colby. As Frank explains in the first issue of &lt;em&gt;Buckle &amp;amp;&lt;/em&gt;,&lt;em&gt; Buckle”&lt;/em&gt; came to an end because of “dwindling sales and burnout.” Several issues of &lt;em&gt;Buckle &amp;amp;&lt;/em&gt; accepted submissions as part of a poetry contest, and over the span of its seventeen issues its contributors include Deborah Bogen, Joseph Lisowski, Constance Vogel, Dennis Saleh, Leonard Cirino, Shmu’ el Shatal, and John M. Bennett. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;In addition to his editorial work with Buckle, Frank has written numerous works of original poetry, drama, and fiction, along with translations and scholarly criticism on such writers as Robert Graves, Rainer Maria Rilke, Else Lasker-Schüler, and Paul Verlaine. His books include &lt;em&gt;American Gothic&lt;/em&gt; (1982), &lt;em&gt;The Homer Ladies’ Journal&lt;/em&gt; (1995), &lt;em&gt;The Print of Memory&lt;/em&gt; (2002), &lt;em&gt;John in the Wilderness&lt;/em&gt; (2006), &lt;em&gt;Splitting the Lark&lt;/em&gt; (2007), &lt;em&gt;The 4 Lives of Hamlet&lt;/em&gt; (2007), and &lt;em&gt;Deor to Dickey: A Reader&lt;/em&gt; (2011). In 1980 the University of Iowa Press published his translated volume of &lt;em&gt;Modern Hebrew Poetry&lt;/em&gt;. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;This digital collection aims to give a broad overview of his work: from the &lt;em&gt;Buckle&lt;/em&gt; magazines to his poetry, fiction, drama, translations, and criticism to recordings of his readings of poetry. Many of the items include the cover of the work, the table of contents, and a short excerpt.</text>
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                    <text>�Table of Contents
The Ends of the Affair . . ..................... 7
Second Chances ........................... 16
Requiem
First Love in Munich ................. 20
The Sweet Life in Venice .............. 25
No Man Is an Idol. .................. 30
Isolde

................................. 35

Da Capo ................................ 42
Apropos that Fifth Vodka .................... 45
The Tiger in the Woods ..................... 47
Out-Takes ............................... 51
The Danish Saga
The Fortin bras Chronicles ............. 56
The Hamlet Letters .................. 63
Crossing Over ............................ 67
All's not Well that Ends Well (Essay) ........... 75

�7

(ADVERTISEMENT)

TOGETHER AGAIN~
THE 3 SCREEN LEGEND§
IN THE MUCH AWAITED
§EQUEJLTO
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EVER MADE~
66

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66

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POKGN NTooo Peoria Reader
o§TUNNKNG r Buffalo ArtChoice
§TUPENDOU§r Boise Daily Sun

0

66

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9

0

9

The Ends of the Affair
Scene: Hume Frey and his therapist sit facing each other in the
leather armchairs of the latter's office.
Frey: You're wrong, Doc. I did love her.
Therapist: Why, you hardly knew her.
Frey: But we were happy in Shanghai!
Therapist: You were both lonely; the excitement of the big
city; you were in love with adventure ...
Frey: No, no, no. You're wrong, Doc.
Therapist: What color were Inga's eyes?
Frey: Uh ...
Therapist: See!
Frey: What does her eye color matter?
Therapist: Where was Inga born?
Frey: Uh ...

�8

Therapist: See!
rey: What difference. . . Never mind.
Therapist: What did you talk about, you and Inga?
Frey: Why, about how much we loved each other.
herapist: How long do you think you could have kept that
up?
rey: Hmm. You mean we had little in common?
herapist: Now you're catching on. And when you sent Inga
ff with her husband, you weren't being noble ...
r y: Yes, I was! I sacrificed ...
herapi t: You knew, unconsciously at least, that there was
n thing there, and you desperately wanted to hold on to the
image of yourself in love-the great romance. Six years and
thr e kids later you'd have been screaming in your sleep. I take
that back. ix months later, and maybe a pregnancy test, and
y u'd have taken that second exit visa yourself. Woosh!
rey: I can't breathe! I can't breathe!
h rapi t: Put your head between your knees. Feeling better?
er , drink this. Now, lean back and close your eyes. I want
y u t recall your last meeting and imagine how else you could
hav handled it.
r y: Anything you say, Doc.

(Fade out)

�9

I

Scene: 10 P.M. at a small, fog shrouded airport in a North
Korean town. Three security guards lie shot dead alongside the
barbed wire fence of the tarmac. In the background is a helicopter, its rotor blades whirring. Hume Frey, Henry Reid and
his wife Inga huddle in the foreground. Their theme music is
playing softly.

Frey: (handing his gun to Reid) Here! Where you're going,
Reid, you may need it.
Reid: Thanks. Inga, put it in your purse.
Inga: I don't think. ..
Reid: Please? (she acquiesces). Thanks. (soulfully) I'm going
on ahead; you two may have some unfinished business. (he
goes off and boards the helicopter)
Inga: He thinks I'm going with him.
Frey: And you are.
Inga: (puzzled) I am? I love you, Hume. I want to spend the
rest of my life with you.
Frey: (aside) Oh, my God. I bit on it this time. But, Inga,
Reid's a good man. He needs you, and the Russian orphans
need you both.
Inga: Screw the Russian orphans. I'm entitled to my happiness. I'm not the June Allyson type- you know- the self-sacrificing wife.
Frey: But the difference in our ages. What are you? 25? 26?
Don't you see I'm way too old for you.
Inga: But we love each other!
Frey: And we come from such different places ...
Inga: But we love each other!

�10

Frey: Of course we do. It's just that I'm not set up fo~ fa~ily
life. I mean, I run a gin joint, for Chrissake! Can you 1magme
raising a kid in that place?
Inga: We can get a little house in the suburbs with a white
picket fence and rose bushes. I'll cook Swedish meatballs for
you ...
Frey: (aside) I can't breathe, I can't breathe ...
Inga: We'll have lots of kids ... Say something!
Frey: Uh ...
Inga: I can't go with Henry. I didn't bring any luggage ...
Frey: I have Reid's forwarding address. I'll have your belongings sent.
Inga: This whole thing is ridiculous. I know you, you're just
trying to be noble.
Frey: But, Inga, you'll be better off with Reid. He's more your
kind ...
Inga: What the f--- does that mean, more my kind?
Frey: Take it easy, kid, I'm only thinking of your own good.
Inga: Like hell you are! You know what, go f--- yourselfl (she
storms off towards the helicopter; the turbulence of the blades
knocks her wide-brimmed hat off, and she chases it)
Frey: (calls after her) But we'll always have Shanghai! (Inga
stops and gives Frey the finger, disentangles her hat from the
barbed wire fence, and boards the helicopter)
Chief of Police Liu: (joining Frey on the tarmac just as the helicopter takes off) So you got lid of her. More power to you.
Come on up to my place; we'll have a cozy little nightcap.
(they exit arm in arm; theme music)
Fade out

�11

II

Scene: 10 P.M. at a small, fog shrouded airport in a North
Korean town. Three security guards lie shot dead alongside the
barbed wire fence of the tarmac. In the background is a helicopter, its rotor blades whirring. Hume Frey, Henry Reid and
his wife Inga huddle in the foreground. Their theme music is
playing softly.
Frey: (handing his gun to Reid) Here! Where you're going,
Reid, you may need it.
Reid: Thanks. Inga, put it in your purse.
Inga: I don't think ...
Reid: Please? (she acquiesces). Thanks. (soulfully) I'm going
on ahead; you two may have some unfinished business. (he
goes off and boards the helicopter)
Inga: He thinks I'm going with him.
Frey: You are.
Inga: (puzzled) I am? I love you, Hume. I want to spend the
rest of my life with you.
Frey: He's a good man.
orphans need him.

He needs you and the Russian

Inga: Well, then you come too.
Frey: Don't you think Reid may have something to say about
this? Why are you laughing?
Inga: Henry's the one who suggested it.
Frey: He did?!
Inga: He did. He knows about us. He doesn't want to lose me.
He has learned to compromise. So, he suggested a threesome.
Frey: What a novel idea!

�12

Inga: Not really. The Garden of Eden.
Frey: What?
Inga: You know. Adam, Eve and the serpent.
Frey: I suppose that makes me ...
Inga: (laughing) Sssss ...
Frey: (joining her laughter) I do love you, Inga, and it's tempting, but how can I? The bistro ...
Inga: Have your manager sell it.
Frey: I haven't any luggage ...
Inga: Neither do we. But Henry's loaded. We'll buy what you
need in Moscow.
Frey: There are only two exit visas ...
Inga: Oh, don't be silly. The guards are dead. Who's going to
check those friggin' exit visas!
Frey: So, just to be clear, a threesome?
Inga: Well, why not? Henry loves me, you love me, and I'm
no longer sure who the hell I'm supposed to be in love with; so
yes, let's make it a threesome!
Frey: Oh, why not. Let's go, kid! (as they run towards the helicopter the turbulence blows Inga's wide-brimmed hat off; they
get on board; the hat rolls down the tarmac)
Chief of Police Liu: (arriving just as the helicopter departs, he
gives Inga's hat a good kick and it lands in the gutter; he raises
his cap and waves) I take my hat off to you too, Fley! (theme
music)
Fade out

�13

III
Scene: 10 P.M. at a small, fog shrouded airport in a North
Korean town. Three security guards lie shot dead alongside the
barbed wire fence of the tarmac. In the background is a helicopter, its rotor blades whirring. Hume Frey, Henry Reid and
his wife Inga huddle in the foreground. Their theme music is
playing softly.

Reid: Give me the gun, Hume.
purse.

Inga, here, put it in your

Frey: (uneasily) Not a good idea.
Reid: For her protection. (winks at Frey) Inga, please?
Inga: (acquiesces, shrugging) Whatever.
Reid: (aside to Frey) Did you tell her?
Frey: I think you should; I mean, you're her husband.
Reid: Inga, I know how you feel about Hume. I've known for
some time. You see, I went to confront him, but ... (he's
unable to continue)
Frey: We had a long talk. Hank told me what he was doing
for those poor Russian orphans. It's just so selfless, so touching ...
Inga: O.k., I get it. I'm not dense. You want me to leave with
my husband. I'll go, but ...
Frey: Well, not exactly. You see, I don't know quite how to put
it to you ... (he looks at Reid)
Reid: We've fallen in love.
Frey: There you have it in a nutshell.
Reid: I'm sorry, Inga. Say something, Inga.

�14

Inga: No. I don't believe it.
Reid: Believe it, darling. Hume and I are taking this flight.
Inga: (turning on Frey) But your bistro?
Frey: Sold.
Inga: But your luggage?
Frey: Darling, there's nothing money can't buy. And speaking
of money ... (he hands her a wad of bills) This should keep you
going for some time. Come on, Hank, or we'll miss our flight.
(calling over his shoulder as they hurry towards the helicopter)
I'm sorry, Inga.
Inga: (putting the money in her purse, realizes she has a gun
and takes it out) Bastards! (she shoots Frey in the back, and he
falls down)
Reid: (turning around, incredulous) Inga! (she shoots him in
the chest and he falls alongside Frey)
Inga: (going up to the bodies, to Frey) Here's looking at you,
kid!
Chief of Police Liu: (arrives just as the helicopter takes off)
Uh-oh! Chief of Police Liu. Lady, put down that gun! (he steps
up to her) Mrs. Leid! Give me the gun-now! (Inga hands Liu
the gun; as she falls sobbing against him, her wide-brimmed
hat falls off) There, there! (he moves her aside gently, picks up
her hat and is about to hand it back when he sees that it's blood
splattered. He hangs it on a fence post, then examines the bodies) Alas, poor Fley! I knew him, Mrs. Leid. And Mr. Leid!
Tut, tut! You lealize I should be taking you in; you're dangelous.
But I like that in a woman. (he places the gun in Reid's hand)
He killed the guards and Fley, then turned the gun on himself.
The lest is silence, or as they say in the movies, case dosed.
Come, my dear.
Inga: (as they start out) Oh, my God! The exit visas!

�15

Liu: Don't wolly your pletty head about it. After my men finish mopping up, they'll leturn his effects to you. (seeing Inga's
hat on the fence post) But don't folget ... (he thinks better of it)
Inga: Forget what?
Liu: (chuckling) I folget. Come, my dear. I think their ugly
end could be our beautiful beginning. (they exit, hand in hand;
theme music, and a close-up of Inga's blood-splattered hat)

Fade out

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                    <text>A BOUQUET OF EVILS:
Selected Poems of
Ch~rles Baudelaire

• ·

Translated by

Bernhard Frank

�16

The Paupers' Death
Sadly, it's Death which consoles and resuscitates;
It's the end of existence and the only spark
Which like a potion cheers us and intoxicates,
And heartens us to keep on going until dark;
When facing the tempest and the frost and the snow,
Across our black horizon it's the pulsing light;
As written in the book, it's the inn we all know
Where one may come to feast, and sleep, and spend
[the night.
It's an Angel who, in magnetic fingers, keeps
The gifts of ecstatic dreams and the peace of sleep,
And makes up the bed where the poor and naked lie.
It's the mystic granary, glory of the Gods,
It's the purse of the pauper and his ancient sod,
It's the gate which opens onto the unknown sky.

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                  <text>Bernhard Frank is an accomplished poet, translator, and retired English professor at Buffalo State College. He created the semi-annual magazines &lt;em&gt;Buckle”: A Poetry Journal&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;Buckle &amp;amp;&lt;/em&gt; that ran from Fall 1977 to Spring/Summer 1982 and from Fall/Winter 1998 to Fall/Winter 2006, respectively. All ten issues of &lt;em&gt;Buckle”&lt;/em&gt; include poetry, poetry translations into English, and illustrations, and published such authors as Dennis Maloney, Marge Piercy, Jon Daunt, William Dickey, Alice Fulton, John Tagliabue, and Joan Colby. As Frank explains in the first issue of &lt;em&gt;Buckle &amp;amp;&lt;/em&gt;,&lt;em&gt; Buckle”&lt;/em&gt; came to an end because of “dwindling sales and burnout.” Several issues of &lt;em&gt;Buckle &amp;amp;&lt;/em&gt; accepted submissions as part of a poetry contest, and over the span of its seventeen issues its contributors include Deborah Bogen, Joseph Lisowski, Constance Vogel, Dennis Saleh, Leonard Cirino, Shmu’ el Shatal, and John M. Bennett. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;In addition to his editorial work with Buckle, Frank has written numerous works of original poetry, drama, and fiction, along with translations and scholarly criticism on such writers as Robert Graves, Rainer Maria Rilke, Else Lasker-Schüler, and Paul Verlaine. His books include &lt;em&gt;American Gothic&lt;/em&gt; (1982), &lt;em&gt;The Homer Ladies’ Journal&lt;/em&gt; (1995), &lt;em&gt;The Print of Memory&lt;/em&gt; (2002), &lt;em&gt;John in the Wilderness&lt;/em&gt; (2006), &lt;em&gt;Splitting the Lark&lt;/em&gt; (2007), &lt;em&gt;The 4 Lives of Hamlet&lt;/em&gt; (2007), and &lt;em&gt;Deor to Dickey: A Reader&lt;/em&gt; (2011). In 1980 the University of Iowa Press published his translated volume of &lt;em&gt;Modern Hebrew Poetry&lt;/em&gt;. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;This digital collection aims to give a broad overview of his work: from the &lt;em&gt;Buckle&lt;/em&gt; magazines to his poetry, fiction, drama, translations, and criticism to recordings of his readings of poetry. Many of the items include the cover of the work, the table of contents, and a short excerpt.</text>
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                    <text>�Table of Contents
Preface ..................... . ... .. ........... . ...... .. ...... 7
Compare: An Apple, Banana, Pear ....... . . . .. . ....... .... . . .. . .. . 8
Rilke and Verlaine
Rilke and Lasker-Schueler
In Defense of "Blue Hortensia" ........ .. ... . .. . ... . ... .. ....... 13
The Architecture of "The Panther" ...... ... ......... . .... . . . . . ... 16
Compare: ..... . ....... . ... . ......................... . . . .... 20
Ted Hughes' "The Jaguar"
Four Poems of Homosexual Love ....... . . . . . ............... .. ... 23
Compare: .. . ............................................ . .. 30
Else Lasker-Schueler's "David and Jonathan"
The Power of Silence in "The Sirens' Island" . . . ..... .. ...... . .. . ... 31
"Leda": From Menage-a-Trois to Pas-de-Deux ..... . . . ....... .. ..... 34
Compare: . . . .......................... ... .... . ............. 36
Ruben Dado's "Leda"
More than Meets the Eye in "Piera" ................. . ...... . .. . .. 40
A Reader's Digest Duino Elegies .................... . .. .. .. .. .... 43
Translating Rilke: An Invitation to a Voyage ...... . .......... . . .. ... 49
Boarding Pass
Crossing the English Channel
Stormy Weather
Shipwrecked
Saved!
Appendix .................. .. ............ . ....... .. ... . .... 61

�31

Die Insel der Sirenen
Wenn er denen, die ihm gastlich waren,
spaet, nach ihrem Tage noch, da sie
fragten nach den Fahrten und Gefahren,
still berichtete: er wusste nie,
wie sie schrecken und mit welchem jaehen
Wort sie wenden, class sie so wie er
in dem blau gestillten Inselmeer
die Vergoldung jener Inseln saehen,
deren Anblick macht, class die Gefar
umschlaegt; denn nun ist sie nicht im Tosen
und im Wueten, wo sie immer war.
Lautlos kommt sie ueber die Matrosen,
welche wissen, classes don auf jenen
goldnen Inseln manchmal singtund sich blindlings in die Ruder lehnen,
wie umringt
von der Stille, die die gantze Weite
in sich hat und an die Ohren weht,
so als waere ihre andre Seite
der Gesang, dem keiner widersteht.

The Sirens' Island
Nightly, after all their day's travail,
since his gracious hosts had asked about
his journeys and sojourns, he will regale
them softly with his yarns: and yet without
suspecting how they started, and at which
bold word they turned to see, like him, in those
calm, blue island-studded seas how rich
the golden shimmer of that island glows,
just the sight of which evokes the scent
of danger, well removed from far more common

�32

rage and wrath, where it was often spent.
Soundlessly it overtakes the seamen,
who understand that sometimes song will soar
from that golden island's boundary
and who apply themselves now to the oars
as though surrounded
by the silence which within it holds
that whole expanse, and at their ears insists,
as though across its obverse side unfolds
the song that no one's able to resist.

The Power of Silence in "The Sirens' Island"
The ode to poetry which is Rainer Maria Rilke's Sonnets
to Orpheus begins,
Da stieg ein Baum. 0 reine Uebersteigung!
0 Orpheus singt! 0 hoher Baum im Ohr!
Und alles schwieg. Doch selbst in der Verschweigung
ging neuer Anfong, Wink und Wandlung vor.
(There arose a tree. 0 the pure transcendence!
0 Orpheus sings! 0 lofty tree in ear!
And everything kept still. Yet in that stillness
a new beginning, lure and transformation reared.)

It has a modest, little known forerunner in "The Sirens' Island".
Rilke demonstrates that the Sirens' voices do not operate
through the medium of sound alone, but that they extend far
beyond their audible range. Whereas the seamen rowing
Odysseus, with wax plugging their ears, are supposedly
immune to the Sirens' allure, they are, at the mere sight of the
island, responding to the scent of danger-the knowledge that
both mystery and death are within range.
The sailors are, in fact, listening closely, listening to the very

�33

opposite of the Sirens' song-the silence: "as though across its
obverse side unfolds I the song that no one's able to resist."
Physics has taught us that every action has a reaction, and the
seamen are driven away by their fear of the Sirens' allure just as
those hearing them are drawn towards it.
That the Sirens' song extends much farther than earshot is
demonstrated early on in the poem by the startling effect
Odysseus's tale has on his Phaeacian hosts. It is as though the
song were a virus and Odysseus its innocent carrier; for the listeners themselves become infected with the Sirens' allure
through the mere retelling of the adventure: " ... at which/ bold
word they turned to see, like him, . . . how rich the golden
shimmer of that island glows .... "
So vividly are the Sirens recreated in the seafaring Phaeacians'
imagination that they blend in with Odysseus 's men:
"Soundlessly it overtakes the seamen," refers both back to
Odysseus's sailors and to his listening hosts. Chances are that
the latter will not sleep well that night, and may dream of great
and impossible exploits; the most impressionable, with the
virus in their system, may even set sail one day, drawn on by
the myth, and willing to risk death to experience it.

It is rather odd that Odysseus is unaware of the effect his tale
has on his listeners, and that he goes on "without/ suspecting
how they started." Perhaps heroes, and even the egomaniacal
Odysseus among them, do not see themselves as such and mistake their daredevil adventures for commonplaces.
By juxtaposing high sea adventure and poetry, heroes and
muses, Rilke succeeds in elevating both: the physical is refined
through its association with the aesthetic, and the poetic is
tinged with real-life danger.

�</text>
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                  <text>Bernhard Frank is an accomplished poet, translator, and retired English professor at Buffalo State College. He created the semi-annual magazines &lt;em&gt;Buckle”: A Poetry Journal&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;Buckle &amp;amp;&lt;/em&gt; that ran from Fall 1977 to Spring/Summer 1982 and from Fall/Winter 1998 to Fall/Winter 2006, respectively. All ten issues of &lt;em&gt;Buckle”&lt;/em&gt; include poetry, poetry translations into English, and illustrations, and published such authors as Dennis Maloney, Marge Piercy, Jon Daunt, William Dickey, Alice Fulton, John Tagliabue, and Joan Colby. As Frank explains in the first issue of &lt;em&gt;Buckle &amp;amp;&lt;/em&gt;,&lt;em&gt; Buckle”&lt;/em&gt; came to an end because of “dwindling sales and burnout.” Several issues of &lt;em&gt;Buckle &amp;amp;&lt;/em&gt; accepted submissions as part of a poetry contest, and over the span of its seventeen issues its contributors include Deborah Bogen, Joseph Lisowski, Constance Vogel, Dennis Saleh, Leonard Cirino, Shmu’ el Shatal, and John M. Bennett. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;In addition to his editorial work with Buckle, Frank has written numerous works of original poetry, drama, and fiction, along with translations and scholarly criticism on such writers as Robert Graves, Rainer Maria Rilke, Else Lasker-Schüler, and Paul Verlaine. His books include &lt;em&gt;American Gothic&lt;/em&gt; (1982), &lt;em&gt;The Homer Ladies’ Journal&lt;/em&gt; (1995), &lt;em&gt;The Print of Memory&lt;/em&gt; (2002), &lt;em&gt;John in the Wilderness&lt;/em&gt; (2006), &lt;em&gt;Splitting the Lark&lt;/em&gt; (2007), &lt;em&gt;The 4 Lives of Hamlet&lt;/em&gt; (2007), and &lt;em&gt;Deor to Dickey: A Reader&lt;/em&gt; (2011). In 1980 the University of Iowa Press published his translated volume of &lt;em&gt;Modern Hebrew Poetry&lt;/em&gt;. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;This digital collection aims to give a broad overview of his work: from the &lt;em&gt;Buckle&lt;/em&gt; magazines to his poetry, fiction, drama, translations, and criticism to recordings of his readings of poetry. Many of the items include the cover of the work, the table of contents, and a short excerpt.</text>
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                    <text>�Table of Contents
Issue #6
The Case of the Missing Notes ....................................... 7

BRITISH
Deor/Anonymous
"Deor": Six Degrees of Persuasion ... .. .................. 8
William Shakespeare
Sonnet 29: The Pursuit of Unhappiness ..................
Sonnet 73: The Logic of Pathos ... . ...... : .............
Consonantal Sound as Sense ........... .......
Othello: An Imperfect Gem . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
The Three Facets of Iago .....................
Macbeth: A Eulogy in Spite of Itself ............ ..... ....
Addendum: Passion on The You .................... ....

12
15
18
20
23
26
30

John Keats
"When I have Fears ...": The Sonnet as Equation . ........... 38
"On First Looking into Chapman's Homer":
A Well Tempered Mistake .................... 40
Addendum: On First Looking into Milton's Paradise Lost . .... 43
Alfred Lord Tennyson
"Ulysses": A Seesaw Effect . ............... . . . ......... 44
Gerard Manley Hopkins
"The Windhover": Buckle Power . . ........... .. ...... .. 47
Oscar Wilde
The Picture ofDorian Gray: Of Heaven and Hell. ........... 50
Daphne Du Maurier
Rebecca: The Last Days ofManderley .... ....... . .. .. . .. . 52
A Moral Blind Spot ..... .... ......... .. .. .. .. 56
Terence Rattigan
The Deep Blue Sea: Thoroughly Modern Hester ............ 57
Issue #7

CONTINENTAL
Charles Baudelaire
"Le Cygne": Andromache and the Swan .. .. . .. . ........ .. 59
Paul Verlaine
"Chevaux de bois": Sound as Motion ........ . ...... . .. . ..
"Un grand someil noir...": A Lullaby ........... ..... .. ...
"Le ciel est, par-dessus le toit...": A Generic Puzzle ...........
"Dans !'interminable ennui...": An Apocalyptic Vision .... .. ..
Addendum: The Lumps in the Fabric . . .... ... ..... ......

63
66
68
71
74

�Guillaume Apollinaire
''j'ai eu le courage": The Road to Epiphany . . .... · . · · · · · · · · 77
Else Lasker-Schueler
Eve's Song . . . ..... . ... . .... · . . · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 80
Nelly Sachs
"Chassidim Tanzen": Composition in Black and Gold . .. .... 91
Paul Celan
"Psalm": Two Clues and a Twist ... . .... . .. . .. . . .. .. ·· ·· 93
Addendum: A Delicate Imbalance ...... . ....... .. . .. . · · 95
Leo Tolstoy
Anna Karenina: The Ones She Left Behind .. . ... . . .. ... .. 100
Milan Kundera
The Unbearable Lightness ofBeing: A Symbolic Geometry . . . . 102
Issue #8

AMERICAN
Robert Frost
"Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening":
Not Stopping by Woods ... . .. . ............ . . . . .. . 108
John Berryman
"The Possessed": The Rise and Fall ofTroy . . ... . ... . . .... 112
William Dickey
Of Literary Bondage. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115
"When I Am Laid in Earth": Catharsis and Fusion. . . . . . . . . 116
"Passengers": The Stuff that Dreams Are Made of. . . . . . . . . . 119
"Stopping at the Oasis":
The Unbearable Randomness of Being . .. .. . .. .. . .... 123
Addenda: Poet's letter .. .. .. . . .. .. .. ... . .... ........ 127
"Die Alte Frau, die Alte Marschallin" (first draft) .. 129
"Die Alte Frau, die Alte Marschallin" (transcribed). 130
"Die Alte Frau, die A lte Marschallin" (final) ... ... 132
Poet's letter #2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 134
Two Elegies
April . ..... ... . .... . . .. . . . . . .. .... ... 136
In Denial of Consolation .. . ........ ... .. . 137

�108

Stopping!
Promises I have to keep
have been broken (once
or twice) before. My life
insurance is paid up (fed
up, fed up), and more
snow falls inside my
heart than all this landscape can impart. "To die,
to sleep, no more"-Will
Shakespeare certainly knew the
score. My horse will find
his path back home, with
or without me; let the stone
upon my grave attest
my worst &amp; gloze the rest.

Not Stopping by Woods
Like the snake, a poem may slough off some of its more overt
meanings and survive brilliantly in a new skin. The first level
interpretation of Robert Frost's "Stopping by Woods on a
Snowy Evening," that of an exaltation of nature's beauty, has
long since lost its allure; and the death-wish interpretation, too,
has been overworked. It has recently been modified into a
"little death" as opposed to the "big death" of the suicide wish.
" ... If there is any death in the poem," writes Nat Henry, " .. .it
is the little death of abnegation to which we sentence ourselves
daily because of what we owe to those who depend on us ... "
(Explicator, 37,1 [1978], 37-38).

It is the naive tone of the speaker that leads us first to read
the poem as an ode to the beauty of nature; surely nothing
more sophisticated can be attributed to the simple farmer on
his homeward journey. Only the line, "The woods are lovely,
dark, and deep" (italics mine), alerts us in its yearning and its
mystification of the woods to a death-wish the speaker does
perhaps neither understand nor even discern.

�109

To plumb the significance of the poem we must abandon our
reliance on the speaker's own insights; so long as we accept his
analysis we are merely conspirators in evasion. No sooner, however, do we discredit the speaker than the poem's complexities
and true pathos shine forth. For "Stopping by Woods on a
Snowy Evening" embodies at least three facets of the American
tragedy: the compulsive adherence to the work-ethic; the preoccupation with the dictates of society; and the terror of facing
introspection. Because he cannot surmount any of these hurdles
the speaker never stops to watch the woods fill up with snow.
There is a before-stopping and an after-stopping; but the actual
stopping to commune with nature and self never occurs. The
poem's title, thus, becomes wryly ironic.
We meet the speaker worrying over who the owner of the
woods is and then quickly assuring himself that "his house is in
the village," in the social world from which the speaker has
temporarily strayed, and would not see him. The mere act of
stopping here gains a criminal patina-what is it he should not
be doing? Watching the woods fill up with snow! Shame and
guilt seem to stem from the break in the work-ethic to indulge
in socially frowned on, "unmanly," emotions.
Although during the break between stanzas one and two the
speaker, reassured that he would go undetected, has stopped
physically, he is still unable "to watch the woods fill up with
snow" because he has now endowed his horse with the condemnation which he expects from society. The horse, not cursed with
human guilt, is not likely to "think it queer I To stop without a
farmhouse near"; had the horse not been there, the speaker would
have endowed the owl or the groundhog in its hiding with disapproval of him. The unconscious use, by t he speaker, o f "queer, "
meaning odd, is interesting too-evoking as it does a connota((
1"
tion of that other, pejorative sense ofthe word, unman Y ·

�110

The speaker enumerates now the reasons why he should not
be stopping: the place is cold, dark, and deserted. The very reasons why the speaker did want to stop- the loneliness of the
night, and the absence of social critics, now are offered as incentives to move on. Clearly the speaker is in conflict: the moment
away from the world both calls, siren-like, and terrifies. It may
seem to him that (just like the followers of the sirens) he would
be drawn into death if he truly stopped; but we know that this
is not so-through introspection and a fusion with the universe
he would find life; and this is, in fact, what he fears.
An objective truth begins the third stanza with the horse's
shaking of its harness bells; yet the interpretation of the fact is
immediately subjective and, as such, misguided: "To ask if there
was some mistake." Again the speaker's misgivings are projected
onto the horse.
The second half of the third stanza suggests at first glance that
the speaker has at last resolved his conflict and achieved his communion with nature. And yet not so: "The only other sound's the
sweep I Of easy wind and downy flake" (italics mine) . The dominant sound is that of the harness bells; the sounds of nature are
peripheral. The speaker clings to the social sound of the bells
against the dizzying swirl of nature and the unconscious like
someone atop a tower who, because of vertigo, cannot bear to
look down and instead focuses his gaze on the railing.
So, before he has stopped, truly stopped, before he has
allowed himself to abandon the focal-point of the horse as an
outpost of society, before he has communed with nature, he is
already, in the last stanza, abandoning it: "The woods are lovely,
dark and deep" is not spoken in contemplation of the woods; it
is a dismissal: "Oh, well, I know all about those lovely woods,
BUT"-and the "but" explodes with great relief- "! have
promises to keep." This is the rationalization which permits the
speaker to move on, to escape "honorably" from meeting up
with himself

�111

Had he stopped, the speaker might have come to understand
his impulses and fears and, thus, shared our insights. As it is, we
leave him as blind as we had found him, only feeling wiser ourselves. Call it dramatic irony.

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                  <text>Bernhard Frank is an accomplished poet, translator, and retired English professor at Buffalo State College. He created the semi-annual magazines &lt;em&gt;Buckle”: A Poetry Journal&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;Buckle &amp;amp;&lt;/em&gt; that ran from Fall 1977 to Spring/Summer 1982 and from Fall/Winter 1998 to Fall/Winter 2006, respectively. All ten issues of &lt;em&gt;Buckle”&lt;/em&gt; include poetry, poetry translations into English, and illustrations, and published such authors as Dennis Maloney, Marge Piercy, Jon Daunt, William Dickey, Alice Fulton, John Tagliabue, and Joan Colby. As Frank explains in the first issue of &lt;em&gt;Buckle &amp;amp;&lt;/em&gt;,&lt;em&gt; Buckle”&lt;/em&gt; came to an end because of “dwindling sales and burnout.” Several issues of &lt;em&gt;Buckle &amp;amp;&lt;/em&gt; accepted submissions as part of a poetry contest, and over the span of its seventeen issues its contributors include Deborah Bogen, Joseph Lisowski, Constance Vogel, Dennis Saleh, Leonard Cirino, Shmu’ el Shatal, and John M. Bennett. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;In addition to his editorial work with Buckle, Frank has written numerous works of original poetry, drama, and fiction, along with translations and scholarly criticism on such writers as Robert Graves, Rainer Maria Rilke, Else Lasker-Schüler, and Paul Verlaine. His books include &lt;em&gt;American Gothic&lt;/em&gt; (1982), &lt;em&gt;The Homer Ladies’ Journal&lt;/em&gt; (1995), &lt;em&gt;The Print of Memory&lt;/em&gt; (2002), &lt;em&gt;John in the Wilderness&lt;/em&gt; (2006), &lt;em&gt;Splitting the Lark&lt;/em&gt; (2007), &lt;em&gt;The 4 Lives of Hamlet&lt;/em&gt; (2007), and &lt;em&gt;Deor to Dickey: A Reader&lt;/em&gt; (2011). In 1980 the University of Iowa Press published his translated volume of &lt;em&gt;Modern Hebrew Poetry&lt;/em&gt;. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;This digital collection aims to give a broad overview of his work: from the &lt;em&gt;Buckle&lt;/em&gt; magazines to his poetry, fiction, drama, translations, and criticism to recordings of his readings of poetry. Many of the items include the cover of the work, the table of contents, and a short excerpt.</text>
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                <text>Deor to Dickey, A Reader by Bernhard Frank, 2011</text>
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                    <text>SPLITTING THE LARK:

Dicl&lt;insoniana
Through the
Magnifying Glass

Bernhard Frank
GOLDENGROVE PRESS #3 13
~.

;r

~~T·1ppmg
rhe l.

~

Schoar
1

EDITIONS #I

�Table of Contents
On the Origin ofThese Pieces ......... . .... . ........ . ..... . .... 5
"Portraits are to daily faces"(#170) : Art vs. Reality ......... . .... .. .... 6
The Protean Speaker in "I taste a liquor never brewed" (#214) .. . . ... ... 8
The Seven Levels of Imagery in
"Safe in their Alabaster Chambers" (#216) . . ........ . ........... . 10
''I'm Nobody- Who are you?" (#288) as Concrete Poetry . ... . ....... . 14
Where Three Roads Part in "The Soul selects her own Society" (#303) ... 16
"After great pain, a formal feeling comes" (#341): A Pentimento ........ 18
Two States of Being in "I saw no WayThe Heavens were stitched" (#378) ..... ... . . ..... .. ........... 20
The Stencil for '"Twas Love-not me" (#394) .. . ....... . . . .... . ... . 22
"This is my letter to the World" (#441) as Epitaph .......... .. ...... 24
"I started Early-Took my Dog" (#520): An Anatomy; or,
Whatever Happened to Emily's Dog ...... . ..... . . .. ..... . . .... 25
"Because I could not stop for Death" (#7 12): A Period of Adjustment .... 30
Intimations of Immortality:
The Symbiosis of "Because I could not stop for Death"(#7 12)
and Frost's "Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening" ... .... .... .. 32
"Ideals are the Fairy Oil" (#983): The Leg of the Elephant . .. ... . . . ... 35
The Selfless Conquistador in "The most triumphant Bird
I ever knew or met" (#1265) ............. .. . .. ..... . ...... ... . 37
Midcourse Corrections in "Long Years apart can make no" (#1383) .. . ...... .. ....... . .............. . ... . 39
"No Passenger was known to flee" (#1406) as American Gothic ... .. .. . 4 1
"Apparently with no surprise" (# 1624):
An Onomatopoeic Syllogism . .. ....... . . . .. . ....... .. ... . .... 42
Hades Bound in '"Twas here my summer paused" (# 1756) .... .... . ... 44
Works Cited .. . .... . ..... .. .. . .............. . .. . . . .... . ... · 46

The poem numbers are adopted from The Poems ofEmily Dickinson, Thomas H .
Johnson, editor. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, vols. I-III, 1963.

�37

The Selfless Conquistador
In assessing Emily Dickinson's nature poetry, Joan Kirkby
maintains that "Dickinson affirms the mutability of nature ....
In various solstices of the year, the thresholds of the day, she
celebrates the cyclical force that animates the whole. Like 'the
most triumphant Bird' ... she sings and embraces 'the power of
passing' that characterizes this transitive state" (132). The key
word here, as it applies to "The most triumphant Bird I ever
knew or met" (#1265) is "power", which forms the governing
image of the poem. Let us sift through the lines:
The conqueror imagery: Triumphant, embarked (on a
military campaign). Dominion, eminent, Retired (as in
'retreated'), transitive Estate (as in temporary bivouac,
or temporarily conquered territory) and, of
course, Glory. Interestingly enough, sight of 1.4 was
might in the worksheet draft.

Here we have all the earmarks of a military campaign. Keats's
"On First Looking into Chapman's Homer" uses similar imperialist/colonial imagery (see Explicator, Fall 1983), but then
Homer's epic is one of conquest and plunder. In Dickinson's
poem the terms function as irony:
1. It was all a "delicious Accident", not a planned campaign

2. The bird "sang for nothing scrutable"
3. Nevertheless the "finest Glory" fits it like a crown or
royal robes
In short, the conquest is bloodless, free of territoriality and of
strategy-it is a sheer hosanna to being alive.
Cynthia Griffin Wolff seeks to deconstruct the poem.
Reading it as an expression of existential angst, she maintains
that "although the 'Bird' may be triumphant... this victory is
curiously flat.. .. There is no felt victory." She detects a "sense
of loss", and relates the bird to the poet: ''An artist who has
concocted all of being from enacting the role of hero-poet may
require combat to sustain elation. Once the days of battle have

�38

ceased, existence itself may seem hollow and drained of meaning" (526-27).
In trying to make this an ubi sunt poem, Wolff goes against
the jubilant, celebrating tone which is far more in the vein of
carpe diem. Nor can we assume that the speaker sees herself in
the bird. Mter all, even poets don't sing just for the sheer joy of
it; at best, they seek to communicate and to achieve immortality; at worst, they crave fame and fortune.
Still, one word offers a hinge that joins the ubi sunt and
carpe diem readings-the only one referring not to the conqueror, but to the conquered: "I famish to behold". Here is the
plight of those who are not free, who do not sing for the sheer
joy of it; the ones whose territory has been taken over and
who, consequently, lack sustenance. The poet is not synonymous with the bird, but wishes she could be like it. And since
the second half of the first line "I ever knew or met" (1. 2 in the
earlier draft) anthropomorphizes the bird, we can assume the
speaker must have encountered such folks; sadly, she does not
feel herself to be one of them.

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                    <text>RAINER MARIA RILKE

THEDUINO
ELEGIES

· TRANSLATEDBY
BERNHARD FRANK
GOLDEN GROVE #1 23

S~1 .5 0

�5

THE SECOND ELEGY
Every angel is dreadful. And even so, sad to say,
I celebrate you, near-fatal birds of the soul,
wise as I am to you. Where are the days of Tobias,
when the Brightest One paused by that rnodest entrance,
disguised a bit for the journey and no longer fearsOtne
(stripling peering out at stripling, curious).
Yet let that ominous archangel now take but one step
down and one forward frorn behind the stars: Our own
racing heart would erase us. Who are you?
You early successes, creation's minions,
pinnacles, dawn-rosy hillocks
of genesis--the flowering Godhead's pollen;
hinges of light, passages, stairways, thrones,
halls of being, placards of bliss, tumults

�6
of turbulently charn1ed passion and suddenly, apart,
mirrors : those which decant the emanating beauty
back into its own visage.
For we no sooner feel than we evanesce; oh, we
exhale ourselves to death; ember by ember
dirninishes our scent. So son1eone tells us:
You got under my skin; this room, this spring
is filled with you ... It's useless, he cannot contain us;
we vanish in and about him. And those blessed with beauty,
oh, who shall restrain them? Dissembling rises
and falls endlessly in their face. Like dew frorn morning grass
separates what is ours from us; like heat from
a stearning dish. Oh, whereto, sn1ile? Oh, glance:
novel, cordial, fleeting wave of the heart;
oh, yes: these are us still. Isn't the universe,
in which we dissolve, at least tinged with us? Do the angels
capture only their own emantations,
or is smnetimes, accidentally ahnost, a little
of our own essence thrown in? Are we only so rnuch
blended with their features as the indefinition
on pregnant women's faces? They don't detect it in the
whirlpool
of their return unto themselves. (How could they detect it.)
Lovers could, if they but understood that, converse rnarvelously
in the evening air. For it seems that everything
disavows us. Look, the trees are there; the houses
we inhabit still stand. Only we
rnove past everything like an interchange of air.
And everything conspires to suppress us, half

�7
as a dist,rrace perhaps and half as ineffable hope.
You, lovers, mutually self-sufficient ones,
I ask about us. You embrace. Is there a point?

Look, my hands too at times interlock, or else rny weathered
face will bury itself in them. That offers
sensation. But is that enough reason for being?
You, however, you who thrive on charming
each other until, overwhelmed,
he pleads: no more; you who become
more bountiful in each other's hands, like vintage years;
you who are sometirnes obscured merely because the other
takes over completely: You I ask about us. I know,
you touch so rapturously because love-rnaking is elusive,
because the spot which you, tender ones, cover
does not fade; because underneath it you sense a true
dependability. That's how you pron1ise each other
near-eternity in your embrace. And yet after you withstand
the dread of that first glance and the heart -ache at the window,
and that first stroll together, once through the park:
Tell me, Lovers, are you that still? When you raise
your glasses to your mouths and toast each other--potion to
potion:
oh, how strangely then does the drinker elude the plot.
Did not, on Attic steles, that restraint of hurnan gesture
astonish you? Weren't Love and Farewell
laid ever so lightly across the shoulders, as though rnade
of alien stuff? Think back to the hands,
how weightlessly they rest, though strength irnbues the torsos.

�8
These stoics knew thereby: we go so far,
this much is ours, touching like this; any harder
only the Gods will lean on us. But that is the Gods' affair.
Could we but find our own clean, elusive
narrow strip of orchard
between stream and rock. For our own heart still sunnounts us
just like those others'; and we can no longer examine it
in artworks which mellow it, nor in
heavenly bodies, in which it is far more constrained.

�</text>
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                    <text>�Table of Contents

Preface ........................................................ 7
Moving Achilles ................................................ 9
Homing Odysseus ............................................. 66
Helen Lives .................................................. 114
Agamemnon's Bath ........................................... 164
Paris Judges ................................. ................... 197

�60

ACT III
Scene ii

The tent of Achilles. Night. A bell tolls eleven. Achilles is sleepiniJ
restlessly on the ground, his arm slung over the dead body ofPatroclus.
A small red gash is visible in Patroclus's side; from the waist down he
is covered in the second of the "Briseis blankets". Priam, dressed as a
beggar, stumbles over a tin, outside the tent.
Achilles : (jumps up) Who? What? (exits; off-stage) Wake up! You
guard that body or I'll cut your head off and have you courtmartialed!
Priam: (slips into the tent, looks at Patroclus, lifts his toupee) Poor boy!
Where does vanity take you now?
Achilles: (reentering) Who are you? How did you get in here? What
do you want? Answer me! (grief overcomes Priam and he goes
up to Achilles and embraces him, crying. Achilles tries to draw
away). Drunk, old man? (He too begins to weep, uncontrollably, but ashamedly; he tears himself away and seeks the privacy
of a corner) If anyone saw us, they'd lock us up. Two strangers,
weeping together, not knowing why.
Priam: Knowing why. Knowing why. Maybe what the world needs is a
long cry together. Women know it, only we men, trying to be
stone always. Prince Achilles, I'm Hector's father.
Achilles: Knowing why. Grief speaks in the language of the deaf-anddumb. I feel unspeakably, irrationally ashamed. I had to; he
killed-look, King Priam.
Priam: His beauty is preserved.
Achilles : I know. I'm ashamed. I maimed your Hector's body in

�61

rage. Incapable of hurting a gnat was Patroclus. Great Hector
should not have stooped to kill him. No, King Priam, great
Hector should not ... What?
Priam: You could kill me.
Achilles: You want me to? to stoop to Hector's level. I don't need your
helpless blood, old man.
Priam: The bonds of shared grief are fading fast from us, Prince Achilles. The lamplight has grown dim, and the air has turned sour.
Let me speak my piece, and then... I've come for the body.
You have your friend's body to mourn over. His mother, wife,
his infant son and I plead with you to let us too mourn over the
remains of Hector.
Achilles: Anything but that! By all rights, by the cool logic oflaw, yes.
But by the wrath of Zeus, no. No.
Priam: What would you have done with him?
Achilles: Zeus will ...
Priam: The vultures will. Have pity!
Achilles: Like he did, on him?
Priam: He did, noble Prince.
Achilles: He killed him! Again that look-What? Do you pity me?
Priam: I see you struggling.
Achilles: I am struggling. I want to grant you what you ask for, but
what about him? And him? I can't. A man is, a man has ...
Priam: A man is what? A man has what? Fifteen sons I had. Now there
are four. Like that nasty little children's song, who knows but

�62

soon there will be none. Can you conceive of raising fifteen
sons, of dividing your love, like chocolate, fifteen ways, all
these years; and now the little mouths are stopped by clay and
golden-headed dandelions. All I beg of you is that we may stop
Hector's mouth the same, in the damp earth that gives all and
takes all that man is.
Achilles: Seeing the other man's side- fatal. But for that, Patroclus
would still be alive. Let no man see the other's side, or be shorn
on the instant of his magic powers. I see your side, old man,
perhaps you can see mine. I had a dream of myself as victor,
one foot on the lion's carcass-Agamemnon's carcass, that fox
of kings, for a falling out we had, a petty, oh, incredibly petty...
no matter. But they killed my Patroclus instead; they brought
me his ...
Priam: They killed him?
Achilles: You know damn well who killed him. He stood here, when
that platoon of boys, but barely weaned from their mothers'
breasts, was blown to Hades by your goddamned mines, and
his heart was breaking. He begged me to rejoin the troops;
my pride said no. "I can't" I said, "a man is, a man has ..." and
I sent him to the slaughter. Had I been beside him, I would
have killed that Hector! I would have ripped his liver out and
sponged his miserable face with it.
Priam: Which you have, which you have, you murderer, assassin of the
innocent! My son never laid a hand on your precious lover,
you dumb, dull, dunderhead Greek! Forgive me. Rage makes a
man ... unmakes a man.
Achilles: ~ho killed Patroclus? I've seen your eyes telling me all this
while. Who killed Patroclus?
Priam:

I was on the wall when he was killed. Let me go. I saw it. I saw
him killed by the East Gate. I saw Hector's uniform, silver and
gules, glinting in the sun at the North Gate. He never laid a
hand on Patroclus.

�63

Achilles: You'd say anything to get Hector's body. He fought like a
guilty man, resigned to a deserved punishment.
Priam: Guilty? Resigned? What are you saying?
Achilles: He didn't fight as he could have fought. He fought without
conviction.
Priam: It's hard to fight with conviction when you don't believe in
bloodshed. You find guilt in Hector because you want to find
it there, but if there was anything on my boy's conscience, the
killing ofPatroclus it was not.
Achilles: I don't know why I should believe you. Except that you didn't
want to tell. If not Hector, and just supposing, then who?
Priam: Great Achilles, you have avenged your friend's death on my
innocent boy's head. Ask no more. Give me and the body safe
conduct back to Troy.
Achilles: Doubts are sprouting wildly in my heart. Who killed Patroclus?
Priam: After your soldiers were killed, murdered, by stepping on one of
your own mines ...
Achilles: You're mad!
Priam: We haven't had a mine in our arsenals in two years.
Achilles: Go on.
Priam: After that, when we heard that Patroclus had rejoined the fighting, Hector came to me in despair. We wanted to keep you
immobilized at any cost. And we knew that if we'd hurt one
hair ofPatroclus's head, (he looks at the discarded toupee and
smiles) that you'd be on us in the blink of an eye. We gave strict
orders to every leader of our Trojan troops to avoid him like the

�64

plague. He had no one to fight with. No one. Our soldiers,
when they saw his blinding-bright uniform on the field fled
him as though he were you. The Greeks, I think realized that.
Achilles: Stop! Please, no more. Take Hector's body. I'll give you safe
conduct back to Troy. It wasn't Thetis's coat that failed you,
Patroclus. (He writes a note) Nestor knew. They had to get
me back into the field, somehow. And they did. I might as
well have drawn the knife myself and plunged it (he puts rubber stamp on note) He was the only one I loved, old man, in
this bitter-aloes world. (He blows on note to dry it, then takes
out the last of the "Briseis" blankets; the string that had tied
them drops to the floor) Here. To cover the body. You'll need
it. This is your passport.
Priam: (picking up the dropped string and giving it to Achilles) I
didn't want you to know.
Achilles : I'm grateful
Priam: What are you going to do now?
Achilles : To whom? To them? To me? To them, nothing. (the theme
music from Anastasia, or some such, rises. He throws the string
into the wastepaper basket) Good-bye, old man.
Priam : Good bye, Achilles. (exits. Achilles freezes and the music soars
to a pitch, then dies down)

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                    <text>�105

CHAPTER XIII: ORDEAL BY FIRE

They arrived at ten, eleven, noon, those higher-ups on the
totem pole. Spiffed up 'and made up they swept into the faculty lounge, pounced on the silver coffee urn, then settled down
to anecdotes as stale as morning mouth.
But him they gave the eight o' clocks.
"Good luck to you, Sir," said the janitor when John, attache
case in hand, passed him at the Greengage portals. He was a
tall, emaciated man with a genteel air strange to his profession.
Telltale signs of heavy drinking, not so strange, ran in lines
across his taut features and in swirls across his breath. "Thank you very much," replied John with the utmost
reserve. Upon his first moving in the janitor had come to mop
his floor and polish his taps with clockwork regularity. With
equal regularity he had helped himself to John's liquor and
only the surreptitious substitution of rubbing alcohol availed at
long last in weaning him. Thereafter, John's room was allowed
to gather dust as undisturbedly as the surface of the moon.
The morning was diamond-bright and brittle, the starlings
chattered in the leafy elms, and John climbed the campus hill
humming. He was nervous of course, but constructively so;
his task lay clear cut before him. He would wipe away, he
thought, the sham and hypocrisy of middle class mores, he
would unveil the light of the real meanings, he would affect at

�106

last the random choreography of the dance of life ...
Something tepid touched his forehead and trickled down; a
random starling's choreographic contribution; an omen perhaps.
The marble bust outside monastic Burns Hall had mysteriously acquired a red bandanna over its eyes. An allusion to
blind justice, speculated John, sensing revolutionary rumblings
before the semester had e'er begun. Happily, Room 216 was
not the lecture hall Fats Morley had promised. The tolerably
small classroom was in semi-darkness, shades drawn, and nonmonastic fluorescent lights switched off. For one dreadful
moment John fancied the room empty. Suppose no one
showed, he thought, panicking. But he was not alone. Five
gloomy figures, like monks at vespers, sat staring mutely into
space.
"Good morning," John shot out.
Silence.
He switched on the lights and saw the students recoil. They
all seemed to have eye trouble. Crossing to the windows nevertheless, he pulled up the shades. One of the girls shielded her
eyes; she seemed in pain.
·

"It's close in here," said John and, wrenching ·at the rusty
metal hooks, inched the lower windows open one by one. He
heard a communal groan.
"What's the matter?" he asked, tugging at a warped frame.
"Not at this hour of the morning!" said a voice behind him.

~e turned. The girl who had shielded her eyes was now wrappmg herself in her arms. You'd think she'd hit the North Pole,
thought John.
"God's given air," he said lightly. The youth of America.
Would you believe.
" The bell rang; a nervous vibrato at the far end of the hall.
So:n~, st~dents seem to have trouble getting themselves
uphill Said J 0 h
"'\VT b
'
n.
we etter wait a few minutes." The girl
who was freezing an d going
·
bl'In d exchanged a snickenng
.

�107

glance with one of the boys.
"We would like to welcome you to Armhouse," said the latter, his sweet tone at odds with the .malice in his eyes. ''I'm
Larry," he added, as though to make sure he got proper credit.
The others glared at Larry with disgust.
"Why, thank you," said John, ignoring the undercurrents.
He unsnapped his attache case and brought out a batch of dittoes. "Well," he said, checking his watch, "we better get started. What the others will miss they'll miss."
Larry smiled obligingly, but behind the adamant mask of the
others John sensed running a cold vein of contempt.
"We have lots of work ahead of us," he said with the pomp
of the thoroughly inexperienced. Skeptical eyes were watching
him as he passed out the dittoes and he saw the girl who was
freezing scrutinize the sheaf of left-overs in his hand.

"As for absences and tardiness," persisted John, "I find them
inexcusable. Today being the first day, I won't penalize the
latecomers, but in the future ... "
That last loosed the tongue of the girl who was freezing.
"This is all there is," she said dryly, and for a wild moment
John thought she was reciting the lyric of a song.
He looked at her. She had the strangest eyes; phosphorescent like a eat's, one green, the other blue-grey. As schizoid as
her personality, he was to discover. Her name was Shirley.
"I beg your pardon?" said John, sounding for all the world
like President Nichols.
"This is all there is," repeated Shirley, sinking her fangs into
John's neck. A small titter went through the class.
Jo_hn flushed.
"Writing classes are always small," Larry put in drippingly.
He was, as he soon let John know, a straight A student.
"I see," said John. "You fellows are the scouts sent out to
·mvesngate
.
.
, H e f:anoe
· d h e saw the blue-grey eyethe terntory.

�108

ball regard him for a moment like a human being. The others
tittered reluctantly, a bit guiltily. They were indeed the avantgarde.
"Well," he said, looking down at his sheaf of left over dittoes,
"these'll just have to go towards furthering the air pollution."
Larry laughed, just a moment too long to be believed; like
the fac ulty at a joke from President Nichols. With such an
august example set for him, who could blame little Larry? He
still had to carve a space for himself in the marble world. Yet
when the rest of the class laughed honestly, in spite of themselves, John felt he was beginning to win them over.
"The course requirem ents on these sheets ... " he began, and
as quickly as he had won them, lost them.
"Any questions?" h e asked presently, in a defensive tone
guaranteed to discourage all questions.
Absolute silence. Five stone faces carved out of a mountainside.
A starling perched on the window sill.
"We have a visitor, " said John desperately.
"Not anymore," said a jewel name of Ralph. The starling,
sensing perhaps th at the action was elsewhere, had flown away.
John flushed . H e wondered how much time had elapsed.
Thirty minutes? Thirty-five? Furtively, he glanced at his
watch.
It was 8:10 . Ten minutes. All that torture, and he had barely nipped off ten minutes. "Have enough material prepared.
Fifty minutes is a long time," Mary Kathleen's first commandment. He should h ave etched it on tablets of steel.
"If you have any questions at all, please feel free to ask them.
Now's the time." He was virtually begging.
Discomfited at the sight of adult failure, the class rallied to
his aid. Larry first. That nice Italian mama's boy who, much
like the younger John himself, must have charmed his mother's
lasagna circle. Others followed suit with profundities like,

�109

".Can we use staples. instead of a paper clip?" Equal profundines from the other s1de of the desk, "Well, so long as you don't
use chewing gun."
It was now 8:14.
John began expounding the nature of the short story. The
drone of his voice, deliberate and involuntarily sullen irritated
even him. "No, no," he was saying, "when you take the plot of
a story ... " and his mind went blank. He had suddenly no
recollection of what he had been about to say, no notion of
what to say instead. Words had ebbed from his mind like the
liquor from his bottle of Red Roses.
The class was looking up at him expectantly. To them it was
a pregnant pause, the gestation period of a mediocre thought
or academic witticism which, when finally delivered, would
require them to gasp or chuckle.
Time had neither dimension nor mass nor motion. John's
face felt wooden; his eyes, losing the gleam of life, became
opaque. An actor's nightmare, without a prompter and without a script.
Everything in the room became magnified, intensified. The
light grew brighter, accentuating the stark whiteness of the
walls; the plaster peelings loomed voracious, like venus flytraps; the dust on the window panes sprouted like encroaching
mold. The students' faces too grew larger, sharper of definition, and Shirley's blue-grey eyeball dominated the scene like
the eye of God.
At last a small passage, a trickle of life through the anesthetized sinuses of John's brain. This can't go on, said the
trickle. You can't just sit there. Say something. Anything.
But what?
Did they think he had lost his mind? Was Mary Kathleen's
suspicion that he wouldn't make it through his first lesson
about to come true? And would he, on the morrow, go packing? Plot. He had been talking about plot. If he could say ~ny­
thing about plot, or sub-plot, or non-plot; if he could JUSt

�110

make sounds with his throat, any sounds, so that the world
might resume its spin. He'd had teachers who reminisced
about their travels, teachers who discussed their love life, teachers who declaimed Homer in Greek. Perhaps they too,
thought John with sudden empathy, perhaps they too were
merely making sounds.
His index finger circled round and round the edges of the
dittoed requirements and when he finally spoke his words were
total strangers.
"The plot is really the margin," he heard himself say, having
not the least notion what he meant. What had he meant? But
then he saw Larry's pencil wagging, recording his pronouncement, placing it in formaldehyde for the final examination.
The plot is the margin, wrote Larry; he finished it off with a
giant exclamation mark.
Suddenly John knew that he could say anything, anything at
all, that it would be recorded as gospel truth even if no one
believed it or understood a word of it; and that at semester's
end it would be given back to him verbatim.
"The plot is the margin," he repeated loudly, emphatically,
utilizing Larry's exclamation mark. He knew he was going to
be all right. Why, he thought, if the medium can be the massage, surely the plot can be the margin. He began to find the
notion brilliant, began to explicate, elaborate, weave thoughts
into words and gestures. Perhaps the students' assumption was
correct, perhaps that moment of blank had indeed been a gestation period.
"You can have the widest, the prettiest, the neatest margins,"
he was saying, barely able to keep up with the rush of ideas,
"but if there is no content on your page, the grade is F." The
class caught its breath at the sound of that fatal letter.
"So too in writing fiction. You can have the neatest plot, the
twistiest developments," the blue-grey eyeball smiled on him
when he said 'twistiest', "yet if there is no life, no full blown
gusts of experience, of reality ... "

�111

Pens were wagging across spiral notebooks, struggling to
keep pace.
''I'd much rather you listened and digested wh at I say than
record it for posterity and the final exam ination," said John.
"Don't just take what I say on faith. I m ean," he added bravely, "how do you know /know?"
How indeed, thought John. He was playing with fire . His
escape from disaster had been too recent and too narrow,
doubts of his own capabilities too fresh in h is mind.
He regarded the opposition. They sat waiting-for a thrust,
a catch, a reversal. Larry covered a sm all smirk with a sudden
pretense at extreme concentration, and Shirley's blue-grey eyeball pierced through to the depths of John's uneasy soul.
"What's the problem?" he asked, not h aving learned yet that
Pandora's boxes were best left shut.
"We're just not used to that approach," said a girl hitherto
silent. "We're used to hoarding notes fo r th e final. . . " Even as
she spoke she doubted him.
"We won't have a final, " John decided arbitrarily, though
shaken by his own daring. "How can you have a test about
writing. Either you can or you can't. "
They smiled uncertainly, their credulities still swaying in the
winds of distrust.

It was now 8:23 and John had had all the strokes of genius
he could hope for. "That's all for today," he said, shattering
Mary Kathleen's second commandment. "Tomorrow we have
lots of work ahead of us," he added defensively and realized
that he was fooling no one.
"We don't have class tomorrow," said Ralph wh o, being a
mathematics major, was a stickler for precision.
"I mean Saturday," said John quickly; but in the gait of the
students filing past him he thought he read their total disenchantment.
"I liked the idea about plot being the margin," said Larry,

�112

stopping by John's desk.

"I'd never thought of it that way

before."
''I'm so glad!" exclaimed John, bursting like a sun flower into
a lavish smile.
"I find it very interesting," said Larry and bowed himself out
of the room.
John picked up his attache case ready to leave when a bluegrey eyeball nailed him to the wall. "Will I be able to write
about my father?" Shirley asked in a tone that admitted only
one answer.
"Sure," complied John. "It's always best to write about
things or people you know."
Shirley looked at him, making certain he was done. "I hate
my father," she said, then stood back to observe the effect.
"I see," said John.
"We were never close. He has destroyed my life."
"Come, come," said John, "you're still young ... "
The blue-grey eyeball transfixed him. Shut up, it said. "He
has destroyed my life."
Have it your way, thought John. Looking at Shirley he felt a
tinge of sympathy for the father. "Sure," he said with his first
touch of professional expertise, "sure, you write about your
dad."
"I've never called him that, never," said Shirley.
"What?"
'"Dad'· I've never called him that. Not that I shouldn't have
liked to. But he's a progressive. If you pardon the word. It was
Gus this, Gus that ... "

"There'~ a detail for you to use," said John slickly. "That's the
sort o~ thtng that makes a story breathe." He was edging away,
and hts tone implied that the interview was over. "See you
tomorrow."
"Saturday," Shirley corrected him sullenly.

He left her

�11 3

leaning against the doorway, gnawing her fingernails.
Relieved to get away, John
wooden heels; yet he was not
him for help, he thought, and
satiny smile. Something green

clicked down the hall in his
happy. The girl had come to
he had brushed her off with a
and flouncy intruded upon his

VlSlOn.

"Hi!" he beamed, abandoning self-recriminations. Mary
Kathleen beamed back a replica of the smile he himself had
just practiced on Shirley and tried to slip by him.
John stopped incredulous. Wasn't she going to ask how it
went? "I just taught my first lesson," he spilled out quickly
against Mary Kathleen's already retreating back. Sh e halted
and half-turned.
"Oh, yes," she said lukewarmly, "I hope it went all righ t."
And she made a second attempt at bolting.

"It went very wel~ " volunteered John, forgetting the agony of
it all. He sketched out for Mary Kathleen a glowing picture of
his success.
Suddenly, a small scowl appeared in the lady's fo reh ead, and
she looked down at an emerald-studded watch pinned upon
her bosom. "Haven't you ... " she began.
"I let them out early," said John quickly, "it being the first
day. But it really went very well."
''I'm so glad," said Mary Kathleen. "For a moment yesterday ... " she left the sentence mercifully unfinish ed . "Well, I
have to run," she said. "I teach too, you know." And with
that, she vanished.
Fats Morley had been joking. The freshm an class did not
meet in the lecture hall either, but in a room proportionate to
its thirty-five beany-headed youngsters. No daggers were in
store for John here, no resistance, no skepti cism , and no
humiliation. Themselves so shy in their new habitat, so awed
by COLLEGE in the abstract, these students accepted John,
temporarily at least, as the great god he had always known
himself to be. They twittered and jittered as though, thought

�114

John with a melting heart, they all had the worms.
A sense of power bubbled up through John's diminutive
frame; he stood back at the blackboard, chalk in hand, listening to the sound of his voice. "You will be amazed," he was
saying, "how much we pick up unconsciously, and then as
unconsciously reproduce; say you read a Hemingway novel
before you went to sleep. Next morning you sit down to write
your essay and what comes out is ... Yes?"
"Hemingway?"
"Hemingway."
The buds of learning, beneath a reciprocal sunshine, were
beginning to sprout. And he did not run out of material, and
his mind did not go blank. Following a brief lecture he sat
back easy, watching his students wrestle, round after round,
with the English language. At ten to the hour, when they had
wrung out a single page on the subject of "My Experience," he
let them go; promptly, in accordance with Mary Kathleen's
stricture.
Mrs. Macintosh was passing along the Spanish balustrades,
briefcase in one hand, thermos bottle in the other. Her husband being chair of the Foreign Language Department, Mrs.
Macintosh had for the past thirteen years been annually discharged on grounds of nepotism, then ritually rehired as an
emergency stopgap. Rumor had it she was now up for tenure.
"Why, hello," she said. "So nice to see you!"
"I just taught my first two lessons," exclaimed John, promptly pouring his successes out at Mrs. Macintosh's feet. She listened graciously, though her eyes had a way of fogging over.
''I'm so glad," she said. She always spoke in italics.
"So glad your classes have gone well." Each word was chocolate dipped. "!gave them their first taste of the distinction
between the comma and the semicolon." She was determined to
get her side of the story in. "You can't imagine how ignorant
these students are. Some of them have never even heard of a
semicolon."

�115

One way of measuring their I.Q., thought John. "Heavens,"
he said, "fancy that!" He suddenly saw Mrs. Macintosh as a
dependent clause followed by a semicolon; a very deluded
thing with pretensions to grandeur.

"I have some examples here," said the dependent clause. "You
might distribute them to your classes. It will save you so much
time." And she began digging into her lumpy briefcase like a
farmer after potatoes.
"Here," she said, coming up with a sheaf of dittoes. She too,
remarked John, must have overestimated her enrollment.

EXERCISE #1
Place a check in the circle next to the correct sentences :
0

The butler brought the tea; however,
Lady Sus an had left.

0

Although the butler brought the tea;
Lady Susan had left.

Very relevant, thought John; she must have a fascinating
class. Sensing Mrs. Macintosh's eyes scrutinizing him, he kept
nodding reassuringly.
0

David sat on the couch; Mrs. Barrett

0

While David sat on the couch; Mrs.

patted his cheek.
Barrett patted his cheek.
·
.
.
Thmgs are getnng
spicy,
t h ough t J o h n. "Gee , thanks,
. " he
· ,
•
sa1.d, « 1t
s gomg
to b e a b.1g help · , With that ' he tore himself
away and repaired to the faculty lounge.
The room was deserte d . I n t h e corner the electric percolator
.
lf
cup of half-brewed
burbled away and John he1pe d h 1mse to a
.
d
.
l
1
d
vinyl
armchair
an
coffee. He settled Into a sa mon-co ore
.
.
k
h · first set of freshman
wnh much anticipatiOn too out IS 1
themes.
.
fi
· rder to investigate
I tried to motivate my mgers m 0

�116

this object. But I discovered to my consternation
that my digits were attached by some clammy adhesive.
My God! thought John. And Mrs. Macintosh worried about
the semicolon.
Elevating my body from the surface on which I
reclined, I was sure this would pry me to freedom.
I think she's trying to get up, thought John; he wasn't sure.
As I unhinged the frontal partition, there came an
uncontrolled pour of precipitation.
He had clearly picked the worst of the lot, if she couldn't
open a door without circumlocution.
Hope still burning bright, he tried a second paper:
My sister's adventures, I must confess, never cease
to fascinate me.
They don't talk like that, thought John; the Mrs.
Madntoshes of the lower levels must have wrung their brains.
He tried a third paper:
Her hair trailed behind her, like a summer cloud.
Her arms protruded from her dress like frail toothpicks.
Charming, thought John.
Her boyfriend entered, stomping like an elephant in
his earthquaking shuffle.
Monsters, monsters all; we have produced a generation of
monsters. And he chucked Mrs. Macintosh's dittoes into the
wastepaper basket.
The door had opened noiselessly and Milly Goons, her hair
like an explosion of brillo, stood beside him. "Hi," she said, in
her incongruously thin voice.
John flushed guiltily. "Hi," he answered. Then, once more
carried away by enthusiasm, "I just taught my first lessons."
Milly nodded. Good, she seemed to say.
And she really seemed to want to know.

"How'd it go?"

�11 7

"O.k.," he said. He waited for her to say how glad she was,
but she didn't.
"You want to talk about it?"
He did. He told her, more or less; showed her some of the
essays.
"That's par for the course," said Milly, chuckling at the
bombast.
In a burst of confidence, John extracted one of Mrs.
Macintosh's dittoes from the wastepaper basket.
"Sacrilege," said Milly wagging her finger. They had a good
laugh. Slowly, professionally, she nibbled her way into John's
heart. Having few physical charms, she had cultivated the art
of listening, of drawing out. She approved , encouraged ,
advised and, on occasion, disagreed vehemently. A very credible combination.
"Why don't we have dinner sometime," said John when
Milly got up to leave. The invitation so long Mary Kathleen's
due had rolled trippingly off his tongue.
"I should like that very much," said Milly briskly and, m ade
wise perhaps by her earlier experience with him, did not push
the point. "We'll arrange something," she said and with a wave
of the hand strutted out the door.
That afternoon, John found a note in his faculty mail box:
Hi. La Boheme playing in C - - next weekend. Care to come?
Milly

Civilization! For the first time in over a month, to return
civilization! He answered at once.

to

Dearest Milly,
Would simply love to.
Regards,
John

He was in excellent spirits at dinner that evening. The worst
was over.

�118

"You've been initiated," said Little Machiavelli.
"Baptized," chortled Fats Morley.
"JOHN THE BAPTIST," roared Brett McVey in a for him
rare literary allusion.
"John in the wilderness," offered John, but no one heard
him.
"Christ," said Little Machiavelli, "fink pork again." And
everybody laughed.

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                  <text>Bernhard Frank is an accomplished poet, translator, and retired English professor at Buffalo State College. He created the semi-annual magazines &lt;em&gt;Buckle”: A Poetry Journal&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;Buckle &amp;amp;&lt;/em&gt; that ran from Fall 1977 to Spring/Summer 1982 and from Fall/Winter 1998 to Fall/Winter 2006, respectively. All ten issues of &lt;em&gt;Buckle”&lt;/em&gt; include poetry, poetry translations into English, and illustrations, and published such authors as Dennis Maloney, Marge Piercy, Jon Daunt, William Dickey, Alice Fulton, John Tagliabue, and Joan Colby. As Frank explains in the first issue of &lt;em&gt;Buckle &amp;amp;&lt;/em&gt;,&lt;em&gt; Buckle”&lt;/em&gt; came to an end because of “dwindling sales and burnout.” Several issues of &lt;em&gt;Buckle &amp;amp;&lt;/em&gt; accepted submissions as part of a poetry contest, and over the span of its seventeen issues its contributors include Deborah Bogen, Joseph Lisowski, Constance Vogel, Dennis Saleh, Leonard Cirino, Shmu’ el Shatal, and John M. Bennett. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;In addition to his editorial work with Buckle, Frank has written numerous works of original poetry, drama, and fiction, along with translations and scholarly criticism on such writers as Robert Graves, Rainer Maria Rilke, Else Lasker-Schüler, and Paul Verlaine. His books include &lt;em&gt;American Gothic&lt;/em&gt; (1982), &lt;em&gt;The Homer Ladies’ Journal&lt;/em&gt; (1995), &lt;em&gt;The Print of Memory&lt;/em&gt; (2002), &lt;em&gt;John in the Wilderness&lt;/em&gt; (2006), &lt;em&gt;Splitting the Lark&lt;/em&gt; (2007), &lt;em&gt;The 4 Lives of Hamlet&lt;/em&gt; (2007), and &lt;em&gt;Deor to Dickey: A Reader&lt;/em&gt; (2011). In 1980 the University of Iowa Press published his translated volume of &lt;em&gt;Modern Hebrew Poetry&lt;/em&gt;. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;This digital collection aims to give a broad overview of his work: from the &lt;em&gt;Buckle&lt;/em&gt; magazines to his poetry, fiction, drama, translations, and criticism to recordings of his readings of poetry. Many of the items include the cover of the work, the table of contents, and a short excerpt.</text>
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                <text>State University of New York at Buffalo. Poetry Collection</text>
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                    <text>The Homer
Ladies' Journal
Bernhard Frank

Goldengrove Press

�28 The Homer Ladies' Journal

Stranded, at long last, after having lost all his men, Odysseus stayed,
and made love to the goddess Calypso on her islandfor seven years. At
that point she was going on his nerves, and the gods took pity on him.
They dispatched Hermes, the messenger ofMt. Olympus, and also,
incidentally, the god ofthieves, to Calypso with strict orders to let
Odysseus go. She makes a last ditch effort to make him stay:
And Calypso said: "So you've decided, Odysseus, to leave here? I
wish you well, but if you had any idea of the trials and tribulations
ahead, you might reconsider. Stay with me, and become immortal.
I know you are anxious to see your wife again. But then I don't
think I'm all that bad myself-being a goddess, and all that."
But Odysseus answered, "Dear Calypso, please don't take my answer
amiss. I know my wife Penelope's looks can't compare with yours,
for she has neither immortality nor eternal youth. And yet my return
home is my one fervent wish. And if hardships lie ahead, let them.
It will be merely more of the same. I stand prepared."

Odyssey, Book V

Calypso After
I. Calypso Casts Her Net
She knew she did all she
possibly could to keep him
there and watching her
lover sail away she shed
a tear.
But what was that
lightness in the air-around
her heart? &amp; why did
Hermes' shapely ankles
come to mind? Should she
send a note? Would he
respond? Was worth ·a try.
After all she had the rime.

�Bernhard Frank 29

II. Hermes Accepts Calypso's
Invitation &amp; Comes to Call
Everything was immaculate
for his sake the table
set w/ gold &amp; silver the
candles ashimmer frankincense &amp; myrrh wafting thru
the cave. The repast too
was divine. Between
courses they held hands
across the table: everything recalled for her
those first days w/ Odysseus.
"You are well rid of the chap,"
he said over afterdinner nectar imported
from the East. She smiled,
said nothing. She found
him too unflappable missed
the chinks in the armor of
Odysseus. Could not stop
companng.
&amp; still compared in bed:
tho' well equipped (that
took her by surprise delighted) she could not
forget the mortal breath
of the other's kisses.

Her sumptuous gown trimmed
with peacock feathers lay
across the floor her
sardonyx &amp; carnelian rings
&amp; necklaces of rubies ascatter on the bedside
table. She felt desirable
once more in Hermes' arms
a bride again or nearly

�30 The Homer Ladies' Journal

so she closed her eyes
succumbed.
Of course he was pressed
for time the moment he
was done there was no
holding him back like the
other: w/ those winged
sandals. She waved
good-bye knew he would
not come again a second
loss in but a few days'
time (a twinge around
her heart) then turned
to put away her jewels. She
found that they were gone.

III. Calypso Petitions Zeus for
the Return of Her Jewels
She was not at all like
that other nymph of the
sea silvery frail Thetis.
No. There must be oriental
blood in her that dark
skin those olive eyes
something escaped from an
Emir's harem. He wondered
who her real father might
have been.
She djdn't cry
or flirt &amp; he was grateful
to her for that. He'd had
his fill of late. So Hermes
was up to his old tricks.
Well he would speak w/
him see what could be done.
Did he have word of Odysseus'
whereabouts? Ah yes Good
news He was back home w/

�Bernhard Frank 31

his wife the true Penelope.
He could see who usually
saw nothing a tightness
round her eyes. She did
ask. He told her. What
do women want anyway?
He will send Iris to her
wl the jewels certainly.
Punish Hermes? How?
Have
him bring the jewels back
&amp; offer an apology? That
could be done. Only make
sure you leave no other
valuables around or the
scoundrel might...
"You are so right. How can
I thank you." Then, quickly,
"Good night." And she was gone.

IY. Hermes Makes Restitution

No meal this time no
incense no candles
She stands in the cruel
light of the doorway
Experience etched
sharply in her face
Only her gown's cleavage
betrays their recent history.
He grins unrepentant hands
her the parcel shrugs.
"Don't be mad. I did it so

�.....

32 The Homer Ladies' Journal

I could come back," he said.
But she would have no more.
No more! Takes the jewels
Goes inside to softly softly
close her door.

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                    <text>�Table of Contents

Part I
Elsinore: Life Is Elsewhere .............. ............... 7
The Rest Is Silence: A Closet Case ........ .............. 9
In Defense of Polonius ................................ 13
The Mobled ~een ................................... 17
The Hall ofMirrors ................................... 21

Parts II &amp; III
The Danish Saga
The Fortinbras Chronicles ....................... 24
The Hamlet Letters .... ... ....... ................ 31

Part IV
3 on Meet the Pros and Cons .......................... 3 5
Meet the Pros and Cons: The Earl of Stratford ......... .41

�13

In Defense ofPolonius
In scholarship as well as on stage Polonius, in Shakespeare's

Hamlet, is usually portrayed as "a comically sententious, nosy old
man, and as the dispenser of long-winded and cliched advice"
(Bloom's Notes, 26). He is the doddering fool who offers comedic
relief until he is dispatched by the play's hero. The primary reason
for this attitude towards a chamberlain of the Danish court may
well be that we perceive him largely through the eyes of Hamlet;
consequently we chuckle whenever the hero mocks the man. Yet
let us take an objective look.
Age: A bit of simple arithmetic suggests that Polonius is not
nearly as old as he is usually portrayed. Consider: his son is in his
early twenties at most, since he is going off for his studies; Ophelia
is not yet out of her teens. Even if Polonius did not have children
till he turned thirty (and that's a stretch), he would be no more
than 55, younger than Hamlet Pere, and of an age perhaps with
Claudius.
Marital status: Given the bourgeois character of Polonius
and the moral tenor of Hamlet Pere's court, we can assume that
Laertes and Ophelia are legitimate. Given the corrupt, malicious
tenor of Claudius's court, we would surely have heard had it been
otherwise. And, although we cannot trust him to be objective,
Laertes seems to confirm that view in the only mention made of
his mother:
Th~t drop ofblood that's calm proclaims me bastard,
Cries cuckold to my father, brands harlot
Even here, between the chaste unsmirched brow
Of my mother.
IV.v.117-120

No illegitimate child would utter such a proclamation.
Where then is Mrs. Polonius? We may reason that she died long
before the play opens. Surely Laertes must have been very young

�14

to recall no more than an abstraction of his mother's virtue. Just
possibly she died giving birth to Ophelia.

Since Polonius had not remarried and there is no talk of a mistress, he must have raised the children as a single parent. This may
explain his effusive protectiveness of his only son who is flying the
nest. He is often mocked for the cliched advice he offers in his
"This above all" speech; yet, as we know, all wisdom is a series of
cliches. Polonius, in the course of a long life at court, has reached
that stage of wisdom. And who can blame him for warning his
daughter against involvement with a man well above her station
whose irrational conduct is the concern of the court?
Position: To have served as chamberlain under Hamlet Pere,
Polonius must at one time have been meritorious or, as Samuel
Johnson put it in his Notes on Hamlet, "exercised in business ...
[and] confident in his knowledge." In terms of genetics, he may
well have possessed the forthright, no-nonsense character of
Laertes. Yet there was no tenure, no social security. To survive, an
aging Polonius would have been increasingly obliged to become
the toady. You do not bite the hand that feeds you, especially
when you are responsible for the sustenance and education of two
children. Laertes, had he lived, might by and bye have become the
image of his father.

Led to believe that Hamlet is mad, how else could he react to
the Prince's vagaries but by encouraging him? You do not argue
with a madman over the shape of a cloud. We must also remember that Polonius is not aware of the murder of Hamlet Pere at the
hands of Claudius. He is simply trying to accommodate the new
monarch in controlling the unruly prince, and help worming out
the source of the problem.
Mental Health: Much is made of Polonius's reference to his
stint as an actor playing]ulius Caesar in college. Of course it foreshadows his way of dying. And Lawrence Danson, among others, sees the older Polonius as "the great master of acting" (Wm.

�15

Shakespeare's Hamlet, 83). Harold Goddard calls him a "petty
domestic despot [who] has been playing a part ever since, until
his mask has become a part of his face. The roles that men cast
themselves for ofi:en reveal what they are and may prophesy what
they will become" (ibid. 18). Yet a simpier reading also shows us a
man whose success has slipped away, who must relive and magnify
the small triumphs of his youth. Homer's Nestor comes to mind,
talking the ears off the young warriors, forever recalling his glory
days in battle.
The smugness Polonius is accused of, in that "he prides
himself on his capacity for seeing through [appearances]" (Levin,
51), may also be the result of the diminishing respect that is accorded him. To escape the painful truth of our insignificance we
tend to compensate by imagining ourselves as more important
than we are.
Mannerisms: one cannot deny Polonius's loquacity. "Polonius
repeats himself too ofi:en and too quickly... , and the artful rhetorical devices in his speech are too insistent .... [T]he stylistic principle of artful variation collapses into tautology;' writes Cantor
(78). Tautology it is, and as such it comes across as humorous, at
Polonius's expense:
[T]o expostulate
Why day is day, night night, and time is time,
Were nothing but to waste night, day, and time.
I will be brief. Your noble son is mad.
Mad I call it, or, to define true madness,
What is't but to be nothing else but mad?
II.ii.86-93

No wonder the etiquette conscious ~een loses it and snaps,
"More matter, with less art" (1. 95). Perhaps early senility has indeed set in to make the middle aged man sound like an ancient.

�16

Perhaps, having been around so long, been taken for granted and
slighted, Polonius has adopted the mannerisms of the aged to
make these attitudes defensible to himself. And yet look at Polonius's asides, when he is not acting the buffoon, when Shakespeare
allows us to glimpse the real man: "Though it be madness, yet
there is I method in't" (II.ii.205-206), and again,
[... ] How pregnant sometimes his replies are! A happiness
that often madness hits on, which reason and sanity could
not so prosperously be delivered of. I will leave him and
suddenly contrive the means of meeting between him and
my daughter.
ll.ii.208-13

Where is the loquacity here? Every word is to the purpose, every
thought concise. It appears that Polonius, like any seasoned politician, uses repetition to further his own ends, working to create
the image he wishes others to have of him.
When all is said and done it is Hamlet who is the bad news. In
killing Polonius he sets in motion a tragedy that should never have
happened. For him to have drawn his sword in self-defense we
can certainly understand, but the act of piercing the arras blindly
evokes the image of a hero who is blind indeed. Ophelia, Laertes,
Gertrude, and even Rosencrantz and Guildenstern, all die gratuitously through Hamlet's badly fumbled quest to avenge himself
on Claudius. There is the real "wretched, rash, intruding fool".
Let us then give the aging, well-meaning courtier, whose life was
hardly a bed of rosemary and thyme, his due.
Works Cited
Cantor, Paul A. Shakespeare: Hamlet. Cambridge : Cambridge UP,
1989.
Levin, Harry. The Question ofHamlet. New York: Oxford UP, 1959.
William Shakespeare's Hamlet: Bloom's Notes, Harold Bloom, ed.

Broomall, PA: Chelsea House, 1996.
William Shakespeare's Hamlet: Modern Critical Interpretations,

Harold Bloom, ed. New York: Chelsea House, 1986.

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                    <text>�37

~

CHAPTERS

~

The following night a light snow sifted to the ground.
"You can't possibly sleep in the cottage," Dotty said.
"Eh," Chester shrugged, "we'll survive."
But Dotty wouldn't hear of it. "You'll catch your death," she
said. "Now, let's see ... " She was happiest when planning. "So
long as Kip Sanford isn't here yet," a note of reproach crept
into her voice, "there's a double bed ... Isaac, Chester, Russ ... "
It always struck Russ Dubinski as an omen that he should
have been assigned Kip's bed that snowy night.
"Since I'm all by myself," Bella Malt said, anticipating the
falling axe and determined at least to have her choice, "why
don't I share with Robyn?"
Robyn's face lit up and Bella almost regretted her words; no
point in having the girl become too attached.
"In that case, " Dotty said, resentful of Bella's meddling,
"Coral and Mitzi, you can have the couch-bed in George's
office. You don't mind, dear?"
George Gresham had lived with Dotty long enough to know
when he was not being consulted.
Orin guessed what was coming but was damned if he would
offer. As director he was entitled to his own room; mixing
with the riffraff was hardly conducive to respect.

�38

"Orin, I'm sure, won't mind sharing with Mike and Len,"
Dotty said. Make up for the poodles, _she thought wryly;
probably, he wouldn't even know the difference. There of
course she was wrong.
"All settled," Dotty said. Then, seeing Maury, his face stark,
on the verge of tears, she exclaimed, "Heavens! I forgot our
orphan in the storm!"
Maury brightened. He was praying, quite irrationally he
knew, to be put up with Hank.
"Would you mind sleeping on the parlor sofa?" So long as he
wasn't paying room and board that should certainly be ample.
"Well," she rose and stretched. "Tomorrow is a work day.
George!"
The others too stood up.
"Good night."
"Good night."
"Good night."
"Good night."

Orin's room smelled of sandalwood. Mike picked one of the
scripts off the marble-top nightstand and his eyes brightened.
He read a line out loud. Len caught on and, leaning over
Mike's shoulder, answered him. Then Mike launched into a
long speech.
Orin stood by unbuttoning his shirt and trying hard to look
serious. If they could only see themselves, he thought. "Time
to go beddy-bye-bye," he said kindly.
"Aw!" As soon as they had put the script down they felt
awkward, self-conscious. They hated undressing before the
older man.
"I don't know that it's much warmer here than in the cottage," Orin said sulkily. So long as they were going to be bores
he would be better off without them.

�39

"You haven't tried the cottage," Mike said, piqued. He surveyed the open suitcases, the soiled under-clothes scattered
about the room. Pig, he thought.
"Let's hop to it, boys." Orin stripped down to his shorts
with the speed of foxes and vanished into the adjoining bathroom. When he returned the two were already in bed.
"Well," he said sourly, "you boys can move when you want to."
He slipped out of his shorts.
Mike and Len averted their eyes in horror and huddled at
one end of the bed.
"I won't eatcha," Orin said, their self-consciousness infecting
him. Not that I wouldn't like to, he thought, slipping under
the covers. "Jesus!"
"That's what I said," Mike offered.
''At least you could have warmed the sheets up," Orin said,
knowing better than to tease them; they reminded him of
trapped mice. He couldn't resist taking a gander under the
plaid blanket before turning out the light. "Hmmm," he said,
chuckling, "they died with their briefs on!"
He was rewarded with a stony silence.

They undressed in the outer office amid the clutter of clipboards and ledgers; Mitzi spread her dress across George
Gresham's typewriter.
"I dislike being touched," Coral said, getting into bed.
"I have no intention of touching you," Mitzi said, outraged.
"What do you take me for?"
"I only meant," Coral, who was hardly the soul of patience,
said, "that the bed is so narrow. I usually sleep alone."
"By choice?"
"Yes, by choice." Coral crushed a half-smoked cigarette and
lit another. "I could have any man I want."
Mitzi, brushing her red locks, raised an eyebrow. Even she

�40

couldn't have just any man and had scars to prove it.
"Is this going to take all night?" Coral asked.
M itzi went right on brushing.
But Coral did not like being ignored. She sat up and flicked
off the light.
"Hey! Turn that back on!"
Coral chuckled. "Next time I talk to you," she said, turning
the light back on, "you answer me."
But they had nothing more to say.

"You're the quiet one," Dotty said, tucking the edges of the
Indian blanket about Maury's thin body. "Sleep tight." Then,
as an afterthought, "I hope the safety light won't bother you?"
"Oh, no," Maury said, grateful for every crumb of attention,
the attention H ank had withheld from him ever since he had
arrived. Down South they had been so happy.
Impulsively, he sat up and kissed Dotty on her parchmentdry cheek.
"Now, now," sh e said and mischievously ruffled his hair.
"To sleep!"

In Kip Sanford's room Russ Dubinski undressed, his face to
the wall. Chester and Isaac were already in bed. Isaac was
reading.
"Wish to hell we h ad a chick in here," Chester said, sensing
some sexual reverberations.
The silence which followed hit his own pomposity home to
him, but he couldn't stop. "Youse guys wouldn't have any
objections, would ye now? "
Still Russ and Isaac said nothing. Chester's cheeks began to
tingle.
"Shall I turn out the light?" Russ asked.

�41

Isaac shrugged and closed his book. It was all the same to
him. It was, he thought, going to be a lonely summer.

Robyn, meanwhile, lay stock still. Silent night, holy night,
she thought, perfectly happy to remain as she was. "You
smoke too much," she said, watching the bluish haze swirling
to the beamed ceiling
''I'll shorten my life by three years," Bella said, laughing,
"and die at eighty-three instead of eighty-six. The world shall
be inconsolable; so shall I."
Robyn had to laugh.
"Good night, my dear." Bella had almost said 'my love', but
Robyn would have taken it at face value.
Robyn lay awake for a long time.
"Psst!" Unwittingly, Dotty had played right into their
hands. "Psst!"
Maury opened his eyes. He hadn't really been sleeping. The
slim figure beside the sofa, stark against the safety light of the
hall, bent down.
"Hank!"
"Shhhhhh!" And he took the boy in his arms.

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                    <text>MANN

ON
MAN:
THEMES
AND
VARIATIONS

�Table of Contents
Overture .................................................... 7
Themes: Death in Venice
The "Little Phaeax" Motif .............................. 9
The Camera on the Beach ............................. 12
Variations:
The Sweet Life in Venice (a Paraquel ) .................... 15
No Man Is an Idol (a Sequel) ........................... 20
First Love in Munich (a Prequel) ............... . . . ...... 25
Themes: "Tristan"
The Reluctant Narrator .................. . ............ 30
The Death ofTristan ................................. 34

Variation:
Isolde (a Paraquel) ................................... 37
Themes: The Magic Mountain
A Plot Skeleton from the Past ........... .. ........... ... 44
Coda:

Crib Notes for Homer's Iliad ........................... 51

�Table of Contents
Overture .................................................... 7
Themes: Death in Venice
The "Little Phaeax" Motif .............................. 9
The Camera on the Beach ...... ....................... 12
Variations:
The Sweet Life in Venice (a Paraquel ) .................... 15
No Man Is an Idol (a Sequel) ........................... 20
First Love in Munich (a Prequel) . .............. ....... .. 25
Themes: "Tristan"
The Reluctant Narrator ................ .... ..... . ..... 30
The Death ofTristan . .. ........ .. ....... ..... ........ 34

Variation:
Isolde (a Paraquel) .. .... .. ... ....... ................. 37
Themes: The Magic Mountain
A Plot Skeleton from the Past ........................... 44
Coda:

Crib Notes for Homer's Iliad ........................... 51

�L

44

A Plot Skeleton from the Past
Thomas Mann's novel The Magic Mountain is so crammed
with characters, symbols, philosophical discussions and now
dated medical and scientific minutiae that its plot skeleton is
obscured. The multi-layering of his characters, something
already lavishly used years earlier in his classic novella Death in
Venice, distracts us further: Hans Castorp and Settembrini
doubling both as Faust and Mephistopheles and as Dante and
Virgil; Settembrini and Naphta sounding like refugees from
Dostoyevsky's The Possessed;* and with the departure of
Castorp's love, his sometime Beatrice, Clavdia Chauchat, many
an opera of love and loss is offered as a double for the pair. All
these transfigurations, however, are more riffs under which the
plot skeleton is tucked away. Judith Ryan defends this surfeit:
"Mythological leitmotifs and allusions are particularly useful to
The Magic Mountain because of their ambivalent status:
conjuring up classical tradition and the foundations of humanistic education, on the one hand, and appropriated by current
fashion, on the other." She goes on to contrast the methodical
classical paralleling in Joyce's Ulysses with Mann's sporadic use
of mythology in Budden brooks (131-32). It is then both
surprising and gratifying to discover that in The Magic
Mountain Mann paralleled Homer's Iliad as methodically as
Joyce did the Odyssey.
A close reading of his foreword finds Mann tickling our curiosity with oblique references to the distant past: "[T]his story,
we say, belongs to the long ago; is already, so to speak, covered
with historic mould" and "is far older than its years." Although
he won't tell us which legend he is alluding to, he does insist
that there is one: "[O]ur story has, of its own nature, something of the legend about it now and again" (ix-x).
In his afterword, addressed to American readers, Mann commends a young Howard Nemerov's reading of the book as a
quest for the holy grail. Poe's essay on the composition of "The
Raven" comes to mind, another instance of a red herring

�45

thrown, with a twinkle in his eye, by author to reader.
Within the novel proper the author soon tosses us a more
valid clue. By naming his main character Castorp he evokes .
Castor, H~len's brother (Iliad, III:281-91), thereby directing us
to Homenc Greece. Yet why the pesky p ? Then, revelation:
Castorp is an anagram for Patroc[lu]s, a clear lead into Iliad.
But, wait! Something's amiss, since Hans Castorp will turn out
to be Achilles to his step-cousin Joachim Ziemssen's Patroclus
(see schema, p. 47). The anagram alerts us to several facts: a.
some events will be relegated to the wrong side of the Achilles/
Patroclus partnership; b. the time sequence of events in Iliad
may be jumbled like the letters in the anagram; and c. material
may be either added [lu], subtracted [Patroc] or fused
[Patroc+lu+s].
Consider the mountain setting of the Berghof sanatorium as
Achilles' camp, a stillpoint in the midst of chaos and carnage,
and the flatlands which Hans Castorp abandoned as the battle
fields ofTroy. Now let us unravel the plot parallels.

As you will note from the book and line number references
in the schema, the Iliad chronology of events is shuffled; yet it
points to distinct parallels between Homer's epic and Mann's
novel. The wrath of Achilles is transformed into running a temperature that will not subside, keeping Hans confined alongside
Joachim. The latter leaves for the flatlands to join the army, just
as Patroclus did, leaving Hans/Achilles behind. Thereafter,
Hans sets out on a skiing expedition and is caught in a snow
storm (think frozen water). During it, while in fear for his life,
he has a vision which begins as a kind of peaceable kingdom
and ends in a nightmarish slaughter. Hans comments, "I have
made a dream poem of humanity'' (496), which is what Homer
had done in his description of Achilles' shield. However, since
he could not have Hans credibly fight a river, and since a shield
would be anachronistic, Mann jumbled time and fused two
Homeric events: Achilles pursued by and battling the raging

�46

Scamander river and the scenes depicted on the shield
Hephaestus made for him after the death of Patroclus. Time
shuffling also delays the appearance of Pieter Peeperkorn,
Agamemnon's double, until after Joachim/Patroclus's death.
The plot alteration of his committing suicide, rather than
being murdered later in his bath tub, allows Clavdia/Briseis to
be returned to Hans/Achilles.
Having assigned Hans an anagram of Patroclus's name rather
than that of Achilles, we are also prepared for some character
shuffling. Thus, when Joachim, whose death is precipitated by
the army, returns to die at Berghof, it is quite logically his
mother who mourns for him. We have a juxtaposition here, for
in Iliad it is Achilles' mother, Thetis, who joins her son in
mourning his friend's death.
Yet many of the Iliad I Magic Mountain counterparts are carefully limned: Clavdia Chauchat is depicted as Slavic, while her
double, Briseis, was a native of the Troad in Asia Minor; Uncle
Tienapple's attempt, during his brief visit, to lure Hans back to
the flatlands parallels Phoenix's visit to Achilles' tent, and his
urging him back into the battlefield; the vingt-et-un card
games run by Pieter Peeperkorn imitate the Homeric funeral
games headed by Agamemnon; during the reconciliation of
Peeperkorn and Hans in their rivalry for Clavdia's love Hans's
newly matured conduct parallels that of Achilles in his relationship with Agamemnon; the ghost sighting of Joachim
serves no other purpose than to evoke the appearance of
Patroclus's ghost; and, finally, with the opening of the last paragraph of the novel-,-"Farewell-and if thou livest or diest"Mann, like Homer, eschews the depiction of his hero's imminent death. "If you are not meant to get home," Hans thinks
during the snowstorm, shortcuts to death "are a benefaction,
they are merciful; but if you mean to get home, they become
sinister" (485). Achilles too, was ever torn between these alternatives: die young and gloriously in battle, or live to an obscure

�47

Magic Mountain

Parallel event in Iliad

[Hans Castorp visits Joachim]
Hans develops a temperature, 161 + ......................... The wrath of Achilles, 1:412-22
Hans stays on at Berghof, ibid ................................... Achilles sulks in tent w/ Patroclu , 1:423+
Hans loses Clavdia, 343 ................................................... Achilles loses Briseis, 1:409-11
Joachim rejoins Army, 420-25 ..................................... Patroclus rejoins battle, XVI: 1-917
Tienapple begs Hans to leave, 428-39 .................... Phoenix begs Achilles to fight, IX:524- 45
Hans is caught in snow storm, 478-98 ................... Achilles fights the river, XX1:263-434
Hans's vision: peace and violence, 490-97 ............ The shield of Achilles, XVIII:572-709
Joachim dies, 498-540 ...................................................... Patroclus is killed, XVI:917-1012
Joachim's mother mourns, 538 .................................... Thetis comforts Achilles, XVIII:39-42, 81 +
Clavdia returns to Berghof, 549 .................................. Briseis returned to Achilles, XIX:289+, 333+
Card games with Peeperkorn, 556-74 ..................... Funeral games, XXIII:297-995
Peeperkorn and Hans reconcile, 606-1 2 ................ Achilles/Agamemnon reconcile, XIX:61-17
Hans sees Joachim's ghost, 680-81 ............................ Achilles sees Patroclus's ghost, XX1II:6 +
Hans joins army "below", 712-15 ............................. Achilles returns to battle, XIX:429-30
Hans's fate not given, 716 .............................................. Achilles' death not given, XXIV:793-94

�48

but ripe old age at home. Surely these congruencies can't all be
coincidental.
Not indicated in our schema is the role of Drs. Krakowski
and Behrens as generic doubles for the Greek gods.** Their
prognoses, prescriptions and mysterious x-rays evoke their
counterparts' divine edicts, potions and omniscient powers. As
for those interminable philosophical discussions which make
time and action stand still in The Magic Mountain, aren't they
the logical counterparts for Homer's famous digressions?
Yet the question remains why Mann ran those two tales, one
of the recent past and one of the long ago concurrently. We can
only speculate that, since the novel's controlling theme is time's
relativity, the author chose to collapse some 3400 years, from
the end of the Trojan War, made great by Homer's epic, to "the
Great War" (ix) of 1914, into a single narrative strand. In the
process, he highlights humankind's evolution from the heroic
to the mundane.

NOTES

* Mann wrote an introduction to Dostoyevsky's novels, as well as an essay
on that experience, "Dostoyevsky within Limits."
** Although they are referred to as Minos and Rhadamanthus (57, 61, passim) respectively, these appellations of the judges of the Underworld are more
suited to the Dantesque level of the tale.

WORKS CITED

Homer. Iliad, Robert Fagles, trans. New York: Penguin Classics, 1990.
Mann, Thomas. The Magic Mountain, H. T. Lowe-Porter, trans. New York:
Vintage Books, 1969.
Ryan, Judith. "Buddenbrooks: between Realism and Aestheticism" The
Cambridge Companion to Thomas Mann. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge UP.
119-136.

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                  <text>Bernhard Frank is an accomplished poet, translator, and retired English professor at Buffalo State College. He created the semi-annual magazines &lt;em&gt;Buckle”: A Poetry Journal&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;Buckle &amp;amp;&lt;/em&gt; that ran from Fall 1977 to Spring/Summer 1982 and from Fall/Winter 1998 to Fall/Winter 2006, respectively. All ten issues of &lt;em&gt;Buckle”&lt;/em&gt; include poetry, poetry translations into English, and illustrations, and published such authors as Dennis Maloney, Marge Piercy, Jon Daunt, William Dickey, Alice Fulton, John Tagliabue, and Joan Colby. As Frank explains in the first issue of &lt;em&gt;Buckle &amp;amp;&lt;/em&gt;,&lt;em&gt; Buckle”&lt;/em&gt; came to an end because of “dwindling sales and burnout.” Several issues of &lt;em&gt;Buckle &amp;amp;&lt;/em&gt; accepted submissions as part of a poetry contest, and over the span of its seventeen issues its contributors include Deborah Bogen, Joseph Lisowski, Constance Vogel, Dennis Saleh, Leonard Cirino, Shmu’ el Shatal, and John M. Bennett. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;In addition to his editorial work with Buckle, Frank has written numerous works of original poetry, drama, and fiction, along with translations and scholarly criticism on such writers as Robert Graves, Rainer Maria Rilke, Else Lasker-Schüler, and Paul Verlaine. His books include &lt;em&gt;American Gothic&lt;/em&gt; (1982), &lt;em&gt;The Homer Ladies’ Journal&lt;/em&gt; (1995), &lt;em&gt;The Print of Memory&lt;/em&gt; (2002), &lt;em&gt;John in the Wilderness&lt;/em&gt; (2006), &lt;em&gt;Splitting the Lark&lt;/em&gt; (2007), &lt;em&gt;The 4 Lives of Hamlet&lt;/em&gt; (2007), and &lt;em&gt;Deor to Dickey: A Reader&lt;/em&gt; (2011). In 1980 the University of Iowa Press published his translated volume of &lt;em&gt;Modern Hebrew Poetry&lt;/em&gt;. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;This digital collection aims to give a broad overview of his work: from the &lt;em&gt;Buckle&lt;/em&gt; magazines to his poetry, fiction, drama, translations, and criticism to recordings of his readings of poetry. Many of the items include the cover of the work, the table of contents, and a short excerpt.</text>
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                    <text>�APPENDIX: NOTES ON THE POETS
Had John Ciardi's assertion that one can be a poet only in the language
in which one first said, "Mama!" been true, there would have been no
modern Hebrew poetry. As the following notes show, the majority of
the poets were not born in Israel and acquired Hebrew as a second
language. Yekhi'el Mar began writing poetry in German. He came to
Palestine when he was sixteen-and-a-half. Of the transition he said:
"When I came to the country, after three months, even less, I began to
sense the language. Not so much know it, but to sense it and to open up
to its beauty . . .. Two years passed, and I began to write."
Where problems exist in spelling the poets' names I have offered the
variants in parentheses. The differences stem partly from choices in
notation. Amichai, for example, seemed to me misleading; Amihai not
good enough-the kh sound (as in the German word nach) does not
exist in English, but the exact pronunciation requires it: Amikhai. Even
within the Hebrew, variants occur because the vowel-points are not
always given, and different books use different forms. Thus one will find
Tan'ee and Tanai, Ratosh and Ratush. Israel Efrat was formerly called,
according to the Ashkenazy pronunciation, Israel Efros.
Finally, when the poets had European names which were transcribed
into Hebrew and had now to be retranscribed into the English, I found
myself with an embarrassment of riches: Tuvia Riibner in the Hebrew
is transcribed as Rivner or Ribner; Esther Raab as Rab or Rav, or even
Raav.
In the case of first names I generally chose the Hebrew rather than
the English version: Mosheh for Moses, Gavri'el rather than Gabriel,
and Shlomoh instead of Solomon. I drew the line, however, at Benjamin,
Ben-Zion and Esther-Benyamin, Ben-Tsi'on and Ester looked too odd
and were close enough to the English pronunciation not to require
substitution.
ALTERMAN, NATAN. 1910-70. Born in Warsaw, Alterman
immigrated to Palestine in 1925; he studied in the Gymnasium
Hertzliyah in Tel Aviv. He served on the newspaper staff of Ha-Arets
(1934-43) and of the Davar (from 1943 on). His s~tirical "S~venth
Column" in the Davar became popular. His poetiC works mclude

167

�Paupers' joy (1944) and City of the Dove (1957). He translated both
Racine and Shakespeare.
AMIKHAI (Amichai, Amihai), YEHUDAH. 1924- . Born in
Wiirzburg, Germany, Amikhai came to Palestine in 1936. He served in
the British army during World War II, and later in the Israeli army. He
studied at Hebrew University in Jerusalem and teaches literature now in
high school. His poetic' works include Now and in Days of Yore (1955),
and Time (1977). He has also written short stories and a novel.
AMIR, AHARON. 1923- . Born in Kovno, Lithuania, Amir came to
Palestine in 1935. He studied at theGymnasiumHertzliyah in Tel Aviv
and Hebrew University in Jerusalem. His works include the poetry
volume Peg (1970), the novel And Death Shall Have No Dominion
(1955 ), and Love, a collection of short stories.
AVIDAN, DAVID. 1934- . Avidan was born in Tel Aviv and studied
at Hebrew University in Jerusalem. He worked as journalist on the
paper Yedi'ot Akhronot, and it was in newspapers that he began
publishing in 1950. His poetic works include Something for Someone
(1964) and External Poems (1970). His volume Impossible Poems
caused a furor because of its unorthodoxy. He has also written a play,
The End of the Season Is the End of the World.
BAT-MIRIAM, YOKHEVED. 1901- . Born in Russia, Bat-Miriam
studied at the Universities of Odessa and Moscow. She came to Palestine
in 1928 and has published since 1922. Her best known volume is the
Ghetto Poems ( 1943).
BEN-AMITTAI, LEVI. 1901- . Born in Russia, Ben-Amittai joined
the Pioneer group in 1917 and came to Palestine in 1920. He worked on
construction, then joined the kvutsah or commune of Deganya, where
he taught until 1939. His first poems were published in newspapers in
1925. His poetic works include Nights under Siege (1937) and The
Fields That in the Valley (1940).
BERNSTEIN, ORI. 1936- . Born in Tel Aviv Bernstein studied law at
Hebrew University in Jerusalem. He served in the Israeli army as
168

Appendix: Notes on the Poets

�military defense counsel and later practiced law in Tel Aviv. He has
published since 195 3, and his works include In the Same Room In the
Same Light (poetry, 1962) and The Waters Flowing Counterwis~ (short
stories, 1959).
BESER, YA'AKOV. 193 7- . Beser came to Israel as an adolescent. His
poetic works include Winter Nineteen Forty . . . (1965), In the Tangle
of Roots (1967), and Field for Stoning (1973).
BET-ARYEH, MAL'AKHI. 1937- . Israeli born, educated in Ramat
Gan and Hebrew University inJerusalem, Bet-Aryeh now works at the
Division of Hebrew Writings in Jerusalem. His first poems appeared in
periodicals. He has also written prose and children's literature (Why
Did the Sun Disappear? 1960).
BIALIK, KHAYIM NAKHMAN. 1873-1934. Bialik was born in
Volhnia, Russia. In 1891 he came to Odessa, where he published his first
poem. He came to Palestine in 1924 and founded Dvir, the publishing
company of which he became editor. In addition to his voluminous
poetic oeuvre he wrote short stories and translated Cervantes's Don
Quixote and Schiller's Wilhelm Tell into Hebrew. He died on a trip to
Austria, and his body was brought back to Palestine for burial.
CHERNIKHOVSKY (Tchernichovsky), SHA'UL. 1875-1943. Born in
the Crimea, Russia, Chernikhovsky received a secular education and
went to Germany to study medicine. He settled in Palestine in 1931,
where he continued to write and practice medicine. In addition to his
poetry he translated many of the classics, including Homer, Molihe
and Shakespeare.
DOR, MOSHEH. 1932- . Born in Tel Aviv, Dor was educated both
there and at Hebrew University inJerusalem. As a journalist he served
on the staff of the Ma'ariv. He is now Israel's counselor for cultural
affairs in London. First published in periodicals in 1948, Dor's works
include the poetry volume Gold and Dust ( 1963) and translations of G.
K. Chesterton, E. Bentley, and Doyle.
EFRAT (Efros), ISRAEL. 1891-

. Born in Volhnia, Russia, Efrat

Appendix: Notes on the Poets

169

�immigrated to the United States in 1905. He studied at Columbia
University and taught at the University of Buffalo 1929-41 and Hunter
College 1941-55. Moving to Israel in 1955, he served as rector at the
University of Tel Aviv. He began publishing in 1912 and has translated
some of Bialik's work into English. His most recent volume of poetry is
Elul Is a Month All Song (1971).
ELDAN, ANADAD. 1924- . Born in Poland, Eldan came to Palestine
in 1930. He grew up in the commune of Kheftsi-Bah and remained a
member there until1960. He has since joined a kibuts in the Negev. His
poems first appeared in 1953, and his poetic work includes Darkness
Flows in the Fruit (1960), With Joys Not Lightly (1964), and Internal
Light (1973 ).
GALA!, BENJAMIN. 1921- . Born in Russia, Galai came to Palestine
at the age of five and was educated in Tel Aviv. He served in the British
air force during World War II. Since 1962 he has been active in
journalism. His poetic works include On Compassion's Shore ( 1958)
and journey to the North (1968).
GAR, TSFRIRAH. 1924- . Gar has published The Sunflower Circle
(1966) and Spot on the Sun (1970).
GILBO'A, AMIR. 1917- . Born in Volhnia, Gilbo' a came to Palestine
in 193 7 and served in the British army during World War II. He began
publishing his work in 1941. His poetry volumes include Poems in the
Morning, in the Morning (1953), Blues and Reds (1964), To Write the
Lips of the Sleeping I Desired (1968), and Gazelle, I Send You (1972).
GOLDBERG, LE'AH. 1911-70. Born in Kovno, Lithuania, Goldberg
learned Hebrew there. In 1930 she went to study at the University of
Berlin and later Bonn. She came to Palestine in 1935 where she joined
the newspaper staff first of the Davarand later Ha-Mishmar. She joined
the faculty of Hebrew University in Jerusalem in 1954 as lecturer on
comparative literature. Her poetic works include Morning Glory (1955)
and Early and Late (1959).
GREENBERG (Grunberg), URI TSVI. 1894170

Appendix: Notes on the Poets

. Born in Galicia,

�Greenberg served in the Austrian army during World War I. He came to
Palestine in 1924, where he joined a work camp. He joined the
newspaper Davar when it was founded. His poetic works include House
Dog (1929) and River Roads (1951).
GURI (Gouri), KHAYIM. 1922- . Born in Tel Aviv, Guri studied
agriculture. He was active in the Israeli Liberation War and later studied
at Hebrew University in Jerusalem and at the Sorbonne. He first
published his work in 1943. His poetic works include Till Dawn Come
(1959) and Rose of the Winds (1960).
HA-ME'IRI (formerly Feuerstein), AVIGDOR. 1890-1970. Born in
Russia, Ha-Me'iri received a religious upbringing. He studied in
Budapest and was active in the Zionist Youth Movement. He
participated in the Zionist Congress of 1913 in Vienna. During World
War I he served as officer in the Hungarian army and, when captured,
was sent to Siberia. With the Russian Revolution he was freed and came
to Kiev and then Odessa. He arrived in Palestine in 1921, where he lived
first in Tel Aviv and later in Ramat Gan. A posthumous selection of his
poems, A Collection of Poems, came out in 1976.
HURVITS (Hurvitz, Hourvitz), YA'IR. 1941- . Born in Tel Aviv,
Hurvits is the author of Poems for Louise (1964), Season of the Witch
(1970), Narcissi for the Mud Kingdom (1973), and Sitting by Myself
(1976). He is a member of the editorial board of the Siman Kri'a literary
quarterly.
KHALFI (Chalfi, Halfi), AVRAHAM. 1904- . Born in Lodz, Poland,
Khalfi was educated in the Ukraine and became an actor there. In
Palestine (1924) he worked first in agriculture and then joined the
"Ohel" theatre upon its founding in 1925. In 1953 he went over to the
"Te'atron Cameri." His work was first published in 1933. His volumes
of poetry include Across from Stars and Dust (1962) and In the Shade of
Every Place (1970).
KHAZAK (Chazak, Hazak), YEKHI'EL. 1936- . Born in Israel,
Khazak was raised in a kibuts and became active in agriculture. He first
Appendix: Notes on the Poets

171

�published his work in 1959 in Ha-Keshet. Some of his poems are
collected in Basalt Rocks (1961).
KHOMSKY (Chomsky, Homsky), DOV. 1913-76. Khomsky was born
in Minsk, Russia, but went to live in Poland after World War I. He later
studied at the Hebrew Seminar in Vilna. Coming to Palestine in 1936,
he studied at Hebrew University in Jerusalem and then taught. After
serving in World War II, he became a school principal in Tel Aviv. His
publications include the poetry volumes Desert Songs (1947), On the
Road (1951), and Till the Moon Set (1975).
KOVNER, ABBA. 1918- . Born in Sevastopol, Russia, Kovner grew
up in Vilna, where he was active in the youth movement "Ha-Shomer
Ha-Tsa'ir. " He was a partisan leader when the Germans took over
Vilna. He came to Palestine in 1945, and his first poems were published
in the newspaper Ha-Arets in 1943, smuggled over from Vilna by
partisan mail. His poetic works include Land of Sand (1961), Of All
Those Loves (1965), and Observations (1977).
MAR, YEKHI'EL. 1921-69. Born in Poland, Mar came to Palestine in
193 7 with theYouth Ali yah. He was raised in a kibuts. In 1948 he served
in the Israeli army and lived thereafter in Tel Aviv. His poetic works
include Lines to the Circle (1957), Handful of Wind (1962), and New
Poems (1965).
NETSER (Netzer), ELI. 1933- . Born in Budapest, Netser came to
Israel in 1949 and served in the Israeli army. He joined kibuts Dalyah.
His poetic works include Almond in the Rain (1961) and The Hungry
Keep Awake All Night (1963).
OFFEN, YEHUDAH. 1922- . Born in Germany, Offen was educated
in Kiel and Hamburg. In 1938 he was deported to Poland and in 1939
succeeded in immigrating to Palestine, where he served in the British
army. He worked in agriculture, diamond cutting, and journalism. His
poems began appearing in periodicals in 1950, and his poetic works
include Without Destination (1961) and Mountain and Militance
(1963 ).
172

Appendix: Notes on the Poets

�P~GIS (Paggis), DAN. 1930- . Born in Bukovina, Pagis was raised in
Vtenn~ a~d spent World War II in a concentration camp. He came to
Palestl~e m 1947 and joined kibuts Merkhavyah. Later he taught high
school m Jerusalem while studying at Hebrew University. He is now
professor of medieval literature at the university. His poetic works
include Sun Dial (1959), Belated Spare Time (1964), and Brain (1977).
PRElL, GA VRI'EL. 1911- . Born in Estonia, Preil studied at the
university in Latvia. He came to the United States in 1922 and has
studied at Yeshiva University in New York City. His first publication
was in the Palestinian newspaper Ha- Do 'ar. His poetic works include
Landscapes of Sun and Frost and Candle Next to the Stars (1954). He
also writes in Yiddish and English and has translated some of the
Hebrew poets into English.
RAAB (Rab, Raav, Rav), ESTHER. 1899- . Born in Petakh Tikvah,
Palestine, Raab lived in Deganyah and, after her marriage, in Egypt
(1920-25). Later she returned to Tel Aviv and Petakh Tikvah. Her
poetic works include The Poems of Esther Raab ( 1963) and Last Prayer
(1972).
RABIKOVICH (Ravikovich), DALIAH. 1936- . Born inRamatGan,
Palestine, Rabikovich studied at Hebrew University in Jerusalem. She
now lives in Tel Aviv. Her poetic works include The Love of an Orange
(1963), Difficult Winter (1964), and The Third Book (1970).
RATOSH (Ratush, formerly Halpern), YONATAN. 1909- . Born in
Warsaw Ratosh came to Palestine as a child and went to the
Gymnasium Hertzliyah for his schooling. He later studied law and went
to Paris to study philology. His first poems appeared in 1925 in the
newspaper Ha-Arets. His poetic works include Black Canopy (1941),
Rib (1959), Mathematical Poems (1963), and Concrete Poems (1965).
ROKE'AKH (Roke'ah), DAVID, 1916- . Born in L~qv, Ro~e'~kh
came to Palestine in 1934 and worked there as an architect. Hts first
poems were published the following year. His poetic works include
From Summer to Summer (1964) and Eyes to the Rock (1967).
Appendix: Notes on the Poets

173

�RVBNER (Rivner, Ribner), TUVIA. 1924- . Born in Czechoslovakia,
Rlibner came to Palestine in 1941 and joined kibuts Merkhavyah. He
fought in the Israeli army and now teaches at the kibuts. He wrote at
first in German but published his first Hebrew poems in 195 3. His
poetic works include The Fire in the Stone (1957) and Songs for Finding
Time (1961).

SADEH, PINKHAS. 1929- . Born in Lvov, Sadeh came to Palestine
in 1934 and grew up in kibuts Sarid. He studied in London. His first
poems came out in 1945. In addition to poetry, he also writes children's
books.
SHALOM, SHIN (pseud. for Shalom Shapiro; sometimes written Sh.
Shalom). 1904- . Born in Poland, Shalom came to Palestine in 1922
and settled in Jerusalem. He studied at Erlangen University in Germany
(1930-31) and taught Hebrew literature in Jerusalem until 1939. He
now lives in Haifa. His oeuvre: The Collected Works of Shin Shalom
(1966).
SHATAL, SHMU'EL. 1913- . Born in Pinsk, Poland, Shatal came to
Palestine in 1929; he is an architect. His work was first published in
1938, and his volume Chords to the Stone appeared in 1964.
SHLONSKY, AVRAHAM. 1900-73. Born in the Ukraine, Shlonsky
came to Palestine in 1912, studied at Gymnasium Hertzliyah, and then
returned to the Ukraine. In 1921 he immigrated and settled in Tel Aviv.
His Poems, in two volumes, appeared in 1954. He has translated
Moliere, Shakespeare, and Pushkin into Hebrew.
SHNE'UR (Schneour), ZALMAN. 1886-1959. Born in Russia, Shne'ur
came to Odessa when he was fifteen; there Bialik encouraged his literary
ambitions. His work first appeared in an adult publication in 1902. In
1924 he went to live in Paris, where he remained until World War II. In
1941 he moved to the United States, and in 1951 he settled in Israel. His
poetic works include At Sunset (1907) and Songs and Poems (1914); the
collected Poems appeared in two volumes in 1958.
174

Appendix: Notes on the Poets

�TAN'EE (Tanai), SHLOMOH. 1919- . Tan'ee c~me to Palestine
when he was nine years old and was educated in Rekhovot and Tel Aviv.
He traveled to France in 1947 and to the United States in 1952. He is a
member of the staff of the paper Ha-Arets, and his first publication
appeared in 1938. His poetic works include Land of the Living (1955),
Stars of the Road (1956), and Selected Poems (1961).
TOMER, BEN -ZION. 1928- . Born in Poland, Tomer fled to Russia
with the outbreak of World War II. In 1943 he came to Palestine with a
youth group. During the Liberation War he was taken pris::.&gt;ner in
Jordan; on his return he studied at Hebrew University in Jerusalem and
also in Europe. Some of his poems were collected in The River Returns
(1959) and his play, Phantoms (1963), was staged by the Ha-Bimah.
TRAININ (Treinin), A VNER. 1928- . Born in Tel Aviv, Trainin
studied chemistry at Hebrew University in Jerusalem and in Cambridge,
England. At present he is professor of chemistry at Hebrew University.
His poetry appeared in The Moss of the Wall (1957).
WIESELTIER, ME'IR. 1941- . Born in Moscow, Wieseltier now lives
in Tel Aviv. His poetic work includes Chapter One, Chapter Two (1967)
and Take! ( 1973).
WINKLER, M (ANFRED). 1922- . Born in Rumania, Winkler
came to Israel in 1959 and has worked as archivist and editor. His poetic
volumes include Poems ( 1965) and Between the Fingers of Poetry
(1970).
YALAN -SHTEKLIS MIRIAM. 1900- . Born in Russia and educated
first in Berlin and then at the University of Kharkov, Yalan-Shteklis
came to Palestine in 1920. She initially wrote poetry in Russian and later
in German and Yiddish, as well as in Hebrew. She has also written many
children's poems.
YA'OZ-KEST ITAMAR. 1934- . Born in Hungary, Ya'oz-Kest was
deported to B~rgen Belsen in 1944. He came to Isr~el in 1951. a~d
studied at the Hebrew University in Jerusalem. He contmued to wnte m
Appendix: Notes on the Poets

175

�Hungarian for some time before commencing to write his poems in
Hebrew. His poetic works include Angel without Wings (1959),
Landscape under Smoke (1961), and Poems (1966).
ZELDA (full name: ZELDA MISHKOVSKY). 1914- . Her poetic
works include Time: Poems (1967) and Don't Be Distant (1975).

176

Appendix: Notes on the Poets

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YOU BELIEVE IN TEA-LEA YES
You believe in tea-leaves,
in omens, games of chance:
I believe only in your eyes.
You believe in fairy-tales,
unlucky days and dreams:
I believe only in your lies.
You believe in a God, remote,
and in some special saint,
in an ave as sin's antidote.
I believe only in those blue
and rose hours you decant for me
in the white nights of our revelry.
And so completely do I rely
on all the things that I believe,
that it's for you alone I live.

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                    <text>OFFERING II:
Selected Poems of
Else Lasker-Schtiler &amp;
More of Rainer Maria Rilke

Translated by

Bernhard Frank

�Lasker-Schiiler 23

Realization
Heaviness rises everywhere out of Earth
And we stifle in vapors of lead;
Nevertheless nostalgia stretches
And spews forth like fire fed:
Out of all the untamed rivers resounds
The primal cry, Eve's song.
We tear the sheaths off our bodies,
Transported by the clang of past accounts,
I naked! You naked!
Untamed, roving, Eve admit
Your nostalgia was the snake,
Its voice passed across your lips,
And bit on the seam of your cheek.
Untamed, nomadic, Eve admit
The day that you your God defamed,
When prematurely you saw the light
And drowned in the sightless calyx of shame.
Immense
Will your lap dispense
First timidly like fulfillment,
Then impetuously stating,
Itself by itself creating
A God-soul.. .....
And it waxes
All over·the world,
Losing its beginnings,
All of time traversing
And back to your thousandfold heart,
Surmounting the end ...
Sing your tremulous song in solitude, Eve,
Solitary, droplet-heavy, like your heart's beat,
Dissolve the dusky necklace of tears

�24

Which settles round the world's throat.
Transformed like the moonlight your visage ....
Lovely you ....
Warble, warble, listen to the night where
It plays ecstatic notes on your golden hair:
"I have drunk live sweetness
From multicolored branches
Out of virginal blossoms.
Now I am frightened
By my waking sightHide me away, youFor my savage pain
Turns into shame;
Hide me away, you,
Deep in the eye of the night,
And let my day in dark of night be clad.
That deaf tumult confounding me!
My terror tumbles up the stairs of Earth,
Darkly-here, back to me, night-there,
Barely a space remains between us.
Break that glowing Eden off my shoulder!
With his cool arms we used to play,
Through his bright cloud-hoops leapt our joy.
Now my toes race like errant arrows across Earth,
And my yearning precedes me slowly in that bow. "
Eve, turn back before that final hedge!
You must not cast a shadow;
Flower your last, Temptress.
Eve, you avid listener-in,
0, you foam-white grape,
Beware the tip of even your finest eyelash!

�40

Early Apollo
The way sometimes through branches that are naked
a morning peeks, which is already moored
in spring: Just so his head is truly vacant
of anything to stop the songs' allure
from striking us with almost deadly might;
too cool for laurel are his temples still,
nor has a single blot yet blurred his sight,
and later only, out of the eyebrows will,
long-stemmed, the rose-garden be unloosed,
whose very petals, singly and undone,
will toward the trembling mouth soon migrate down,
which silent still, is shiny and unused,
and merely sipping with a shy small grin,
as though his poesy's piped into him.

�</text>
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                  <text>Bernhard Frank is an accomplished poet, translator, and retired English professor at Buffalo State College. He created the semi-annual magazines &lt;em&gt;Buckle”: A Poetry Journal&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;Buckle &amp;amp;&lt;/em&gt; that ran from Fall 1977 to Spring/Summer 1982 and from Fall/Winter 1998 to Fall/Winter 2006, respectively. All ten issues of &lt;em&gt;Buckle”&lt;/em&gt; include poetry, poetry translations into English, and illustrations, and published such authors as Dennis Maloney, Marge Piercy, Jon Daunt, William Dickey, Alice Fulton, John Tagliabue, and Joan Colby. As Frank explains in the first issue of &lt;em&gt;Buckle &amp;amp;&lt;/em&gt;,&lt;em&gt; Buckle”&lt;/em&gt; came to an end because of “dwindling sales and burnout.” Several issues of &lt;em&gt;Buckle &amp;amp;&lt;/em&gt; accepted submissions as part of a poetry contest, and over the span of its seventeen issues its contributors include Deborah Bogen, Joseph Lisowski, Constance Vogel, Dennis Saleh, Leonard Cirino, Shmu’ el Shatal, and John M. Bennett. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;In addition to his editorial work with Buckle, Frank has written numerous works of original poetry, drama, and fiction, along with translations and scholarly criticism on such writers as Robert Graves, Rainer Maria Rilke, Else Lasker-Schüler, and Paul Verlaine. His books include &lt;em&gt;American Gothic&lt;/em&gt; (1982), &lt;em&gt;The Homer Ladies’ Journal&lt;/em&gt; (1995), &lt;em&gt;The Print of Memory&lt;/em&gt; (2002), &lt;em&gt;John in the Wilderness&lt;/em&gt; (2006), &lt;em&gt;Splitting the Lark&lt;/em&gt; (2007), &lt;em&gt;The 4 Lives of Hamlet&lt;/em&gt; (2007), and &lt;em&gt;Deor to Dickey: A Reader&lt;/em&gt; (2011). In 1980 the University of Iowa Press published his translated volume of &lt;em&gt;Modern Hebrew Poetry&lt;/em&gt;. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;This digital collection aims to give a broad overview of his work: from the &lt;em&gt;Buckle&lt;/em&gt; magazines to his poetry, fiction, drama, translations, and criticism to recordings of his readings of poetry. Many of the items include the cover of the work, the table of contents, and a short excerpt.</text>
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                <text>Frank, Bernhard, 1931-</text>
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                    <text>�143

Fantasia on Immortality
The Modern State of the Hearts

The view
the light

virginal still,
mellow.

Two empty bathtubs on a hill,
where the corn
yellows:

you

in the one,
in the other,

No utility will
bring us
together.

II
Two naked bodies
slumped
in empty bathtubs
side by side,
a world in bloom above.
Think of stiff models (rumps
cold from bare enamel)
climbing out under lewd
camera-man's ogle
and conclude,
"So this
is love."

III
A flatbed brought them,
a crane lowered: like
2 beached whales into
a field of gold.
Found, eons from now,
let scholars propound
the mystery
of their cult.

�</text>
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                  <text>Bernhard Frank is an accomplished poet, translator, and retired English professor at Buffalo State College. He created the semi-annual magazines &lt;em&gt;Buckle”: A Poetry Journal&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;Buckle &amp;amp;&lt;/em&gt; that ran from Fall 1977 to Spring/Summer 1982 and from Fall/Winter 1998 to Fall/Winter 2006, respectively. All ten issues of &lt;em&gt;Buckle”&lt;/em&gt; include poetry, poetry translations into English, and illustrations, and published such authors as Dennis Maloney, Marge Piercy, Jon Daunt, William Dickey, Alice Fulton, John Tagliabue, and Joan Colby. As Frank explains in the first issue of &lt;em&gt;Buckle &amp;amp;&lt;/em&gt;,&lt;em&gt; Buckle”&lt;/em&gt; came to an end because of “dwindling sales and burnout.” Several issues of &lt;em&gt;Buckle &amp;amp;&lt;/em&gt; accepted submissions as part of a poetry contest, and over the span of its seventeen issues its contributors include Deborah Bogen, Joseph Lisowski, Constance Vogel, Dennis Saleh, Leonard Cirino, Shmu’ el Shatal, and John M. Bennett. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;In addition to his editorial work with Buckle, Frank has written numerous works of original poetry, drama, and fiction, along with translations and scholarly criticism on such writers as Robert Graves, Rainer Maria Rilke, Else Lasker-Schüler, and Paul Verlaine. His books include &lt;em&gt;American Gothic&lt;/em&gt; (1982), &lt;em&gt;The Homer Ladies’ Journal&lt;/em&gt; (1995), &lt;em&gt;The Print of Memory&lt;/em&gt; (2002), &lt;em&gt;John in the Wilderness&lt;/em&gt; (2006), &lt;em&gt;Splitting the Lark&lt;/em&gt; (2007), &lt;em&gt;The 4 Lives of Hamlet&lt;/em&gt; (2007), and &lt;em&gt;Deor to Dickey: A Reader&lt;/em&gt; (2011). In 1980 the University of Iowa Press published his translated volume of &lt;em&gt;Modern Hebrew Poetry&lt;/em&gt;. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;This digital collection aims to give a broad overview of his work: from the &lt;em&gt;Buckle&lt;/em&gt; magazines to his poetry, fiction, drama, translations, and criticism to recordings of his readings of poetry. Many of the items include the cover of the work, the table of contents, and a short excerpt.</text>
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                    <text>l
The Print Of Melllory:
A Judaic Perspective

Poems by

Bernhard Frank

�38

chain dangling
blood of his wounds
pours livid from
my mouth.
1985

Elegy for My Father's Gen
I
The route acros
Washington Bridg
a maze of cliff-lin d
highway
tortur
The cou in
1 anin
ward in the lim
like harpie
d t r
to take my min
where

r

lOfeetah a (h w

5 foot 4) in i
hi i
hi last j ur y.
II

h
n

at th
th

�39

III
All th grav ar n
at B th 1 th

w here

till xu

th

u nt

1

hrub

tt .

N

Haml

t

In

th

11.

v
A tr

�jiiW

40

secreted our nectar
The roots of the yew and
hemlock applaud
your presence now.
1992

Rightfully Now
Time stopped for you long
before your time
Only
the moment stayed on
to keep you warm.
Counted the years in
telephone calls-calls
that ran through you like
south-of-the-border cooking.
"Visit me soon,"
you said, the day I came
back from a visit.
Timelessness is yours
rightfully now-under
the yew
under the hemlock
(awaiting the granite seal)
Where the sun does not rise
nor the moon set
Where only
the red-wing blackbird
calls to you still.
1994

�</text>
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                  <text>Buckle / Bernhard Frank collection</text>
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                  <text>Bernhard Frank is an accomplished poet, translator, and retired English professor at Buffalo State College. He created the semi-annual magazines &lt;em&gt;Buckle”: A Poetry Journal&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;Buckle &amp;amp;&lt;/em&gt; that ran from Fall 1977 to Spring/Summer 1982 and from Fall/Winter 1998 to Fall/Winter 2006, respectively. All ten issues of &lt;em&gt;Buckle”&lt;/em&gt; include poetry, poetry translations into English, and illustrations, and published such authors as Dennis Maloney, Marge Piercy, Jon Daunt, William Dickey, Alice Fulton, John Tagliabue, and Joan Colby. As Frank explains in the first issue of &lt;em&gt;Buckle &amp;amp;&lt;/em&gt;,&lt;em&gt; Buckle”&lt;/em&gt; came to an end because of “dwindling sales and burnout.” Several issues of &lt;em&gt;Buckle &amp;amp;&lt;/em&gt; accepted submissions as part of a poetry contest, and over the span of its seventeen issues its contributors include Deborah Bogen, Joseph Lisowski, Constance Vogel, Dennis Saleh, Leonard Cirino, Shmu’ el Shatal, and John M. Bennett. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;In addition to his editorial work with Buckle, Frank has written numerous works of original poetry, drama, and fiction, along with translations and scholarly criticism on such writers as Robert Graves, Rainer Maria Rilke, Else Lasker-Schüler, and Paul Verlaine. His books include &lt;em&gt;American Gothic&lt;/em&gt; (1982), &lt;em&gt;The Homer Ladies’ Journal&lt;/em&gt; (1995), &lt;em&gt;The Print of Memory&lt;/em&gt; (2002), &lt;em&gt;John in the Wilderness&lt;/em&gt; (2006), &lt;em&gt;Splitting the Lark&lt;/em&gt; (2007), &lt;em&gt;The 4 Lives of Hamlet&lt;/em&gt; (2007), and &lt;em&gt;Deor to Dickey: A Reader&lt;/em&gt; (2011). In 1980 the University of Iowa Press published his translated volume of &lt;em&gt;Modern Hebrew Poetry&lt;/em&gt;. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;This digital collection aims to give a broad overview of his work: from the &lt;em&gt;Buckle&lt;/em&gt; magazines to his poetry, fiction, drama, translations, and criticism to recordings of his readings of poetry. Many of the items include the cover of the work, the table of contents, and a short excerpt.</text>
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                <text>The Print of Memory: A Judaic Perspective by Bernhard Frank, 2002</text>
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                <text>Frank, Bernhard, 1931-  </text>
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                <text>Frank, Bernhard, 1931-</text>
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                <text>State University of New York at Buffalo. Poetry Collection</text>
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                    <text>THE PYGMIES OF THE HEART

BERNHARD FRANK

�Table of Contents
To Make a Long Story Short ......................... . .......... 7
Family Affairs
Something Extraordinary .. .. . ........ . . . ...... . ........ . 9
A Room of His Own ..... . ..... . ..... . .. . ...... .. .. . ... 19
Cigarettes and Black Coffee .. . .. . .. . ... . . . .......... . .. . 36
Heartbreak Alley
Time and Tennis . .. . ... . .... . ...... . ............... . .. 43
Tinklebells ...... . . . ... . .......... . . . . . ... . .... . .... . . 49
In the Beginning ... . ... . .. . .. . ...... . .... ... .. .. ...... 58
That Single Life
The Paper Dragon . . ... . ...... .. .... . ... .. ............ . 67
The Blister ... . . . ....... . . . . . . . .. . ..... . . . ...... . .. . .. 71
The Confession .. . ..... .. ... . ....... . .. . . . . . .... . ..... 76
Alternating Currents . . . ................. .. .... . .. . .. .. . 82
The Price of Lobster ............ . ....... . ... .. ... . ..... 88
A Walk in the Rain ........... . .. . .... . . . ........ . .. . . 101
The Moral Fiber
The Assessment . . .................. . . . .. . .. . ......... 109
A Hopeless Case .. . ................. . . . ... . ... .. . . .. . 115
A Minor Affair .. . . . .......... . . . .......... .. ........ 123
( The Legend of Lunangula . ................. . ........ . . . 134

�49

:-r. Tinklebells :-r.

He was really very nice, Rachel thought as she closed the
shop door behind her. The bells above the exit tinkled their
silvery last and she stepped out into the grey, cluttered street.
How all those little people rp_anaged to eke out a living, she
thought wonderingly, looking in an antique shop display-window.
Her hair, she noticed, examining her reflection, had become
frazzled. The damp did that, but it irked her that Mr. Hogarth
should have seen her so. And then she wondered how he managed to eke out a living. He always seemed to have time on his
hands. And her heart was suddenly overcome with a rush of
pity. Business was bad, he had said.
''I'd have thought weddings ... " Rachel had stood, looking
into his dark grey eyes; the deeply etched craw's feet about
them bespoke of sensitivity and suffering. She wished she
could get to know him better.
Mr. Hogarth had shaken his head. "Not nowadays," he said,
in his mellow, soothing voice. "The young people don't stand
much on ceremony anymore. And even when they do, by the
time they return from Niagara Falls the first flush of romance
has waned; so have the dollars in their bank account."
Rachel had to laugh. She always paid cash of course, but so

�50 Heartbreak Alley

many of her friends had made a religion of the installment
plan. "I know what you mean," she said. And she wondered
why she had patronized Mr. Hogarth's photo studio so seldom.
He was such a nice man.
Now, brushing her hand impatiently across her hair, she considered how she could help; if she told her friends, she thought.
Martha, possibly Genevieve; word of mouth. But then a small
bird of jealousy pecked at her heart; she wanted to keep Mr.
Hogar~h to herself.
In a tarnished gold mirror she caught a clear glimpse of her
face; her eyes were shining. ''I'm happy," she said out loud.
When she and David were first married she had gone about
the house singing; the s~nshine had seemed to fall on her, and
even the plants proliferated under her loving touch. Now,
though, she seldom sang; the sunlight had been dimmed by
made-to-order drapes from May &amp; Co., and of her plants only
the philodendron still flourished.
Rachel shrugged and moved away; the mirror troubled her.
When the babies start coming, she thought, we change; she had
seen it with her girlfriends. Clearly she was no exception. She
sighed. The days were plugged up with sundry little duties
now, and the neglected soul just kept shriveling.
But not altogether, she thought; no, not altogether; and she
began humming as she walked. Her music teacher in high
school had told her that she had a lovely voice, 'limpid' he
called it, and urged her to take up lieder.
"Rachel!" and then, "Rachel Balin!"
"Rosemary!"
"B oy, were ·you ever daydreaming," Rosemary said, craning
her neck out of her spiffy Cadillac. "I honked and yelled ... "

Rachel smiled. Despite Rosemary's sharp tongue, she liked
her. Yet now she wished her elsewhere; her voice had ripped

�Tinklebells

51

into the fabric of her dreams. Rosemary's eyes, as usual, were
too heavily mascaraed; one could always tell an unhappy
woman by her excessive makeup.
"How's David?"
"All right, all right." She couldn't find a thing to say.
"And Johnny and Ella Mae?"
"I just picked up their photos; you know Ella Mae's about to
start nursery school," she said, maternal pride overcoming her
daydreams. "Here." She reached into her petit-point handbag
and brought them out in their translucent wrapper.
"They're lovely, lovely. Where'd you have them taken?"
Rachel hesitated. She wanted to throw all the business she
could Mr. Hogarth's way, but the thought of Rosemary leaning
over the narrow glass counter, looking into those dark eyes,
smelling the faint Wildroot scent of his immaculate hair troubled her.
"I really must dash," Rosemary said, not waiting for a reply.
Rachel watched her incredulously as she flipped through the
pictures, wondering why, if Rosemary was in such a hurry, she
had troubled to call to her. Mr. Hogarth had time to talk to
her; and he listened too, unlike most people who were already
contemplating their own rejoinder while pretending to listen to
yours.
"Give my regards to Dav.id," Rosemary said, handing the pictures back. Her masculine arms twisted the wheel of her
Cadillac. Rachel resented her tone of familiarity when she
spoke of David. Just because she had dated him briefly before
she, Rachel, had come along, didn't give her a lien on him. She
waved abstractedly, then turned away.
Rachel insisted on telling David all about Mr. Hogarth. He
smiled, but his eyes shifted toward the evening papers and

-b---- - - - - -

�52 H eart b re ak All ey

she stopped.
''I'll just do the dishes," she said, rising.
"Can I help?"
She looked at him in surprise; he rarely offered to help with
the chores anymore. When they were first married they
observed a joint cleaning day. "Gee," she said, then realized the
offer was perfunctory. "Read your paper."
The "I Love Lucy'' show was about to come on and Rachel
dried her hands. Still rubbing the cold cream into the skin of
her knuckles, she stopped off in the nursery. Johnny was asleep
in his crib and Ella Mae had dropped off on the floor amid a
maze of gummed paper and crayons.
Rachel lifted Ella Mae into her cot and tucked her in. She
gathered the papers off the floor, put the crayons back in their
box, then, as an afterthought, she picked the jam jar full of
tepid water off the dresser and poured some into the planter
above Johnny's crib; long strands of philodendron hung from
it. That was a good idea, she decided, turning out the tiny
lamp with the pink elephants on its gauzy shade. Next time
she went, that was what she would do.

The philodendron was slow to root and the temptation to
stop at the Five-and-Ten was great. Yet Rachel resisted; she
would have felt too guilty. It was one thing, she thought, giv~
ing Mr. Hogarth something of her own, quite another investing
in a gift. Besides, she wanted him to have something of hers.
"David," she said, the day after she had planted the shoots in
an inexpensive plastic pot. "David, I want to have a few pic~
tures taken of Ella Mae alone; before she enters nursery schooL
you know? They're never quite the same after that," and she
capped it off with a silvery little laugh.

�Tinklebells

53

David reached for his billfold. "Sure, Hon."
But she wouldn't dream of it.
cookie jar," she said.

"I have some saved in the

David shrugged amicably and returned to his paper.

The bells tinkled on her en trance.
"Just remain seated," Mr. Hogarth was saying to someone in
the back room. Somehow she had forgotten that he did have
other customers; but, Rachel told herself, she was special; he
made her feel special. And as he slipped out from between the
swinging pinewood doors she smiled and held out her hand.
Mr. Hogarth gave it a strong squeeze, surprisingly strong for
the gentleness in his eyes, the softness of his voice. He looked
right at Rachel. ''And how are we today?"
I

"Fine, fine. Say hello, Ella Mae."
sought refuge in the child.

In her confusion she

I

I
I

"Hello, Ella Mae," Mr. Hogarth said, patting the girl's head.
Suddenly Rachel felt mortified at Ella Mae's plainness; as
though it were a reflection on herself. She would grow out it,
the duckling into swan syndrome, Dr. Mann had said, tactfully
omitting the adjective.
"What can we do for you today?"
Rachel found herself stammering. It occurred to her that as
perceptive a man as Mr. Hogarth was bound to see through
her ruse.

I

I

I
I
I

I

I
I

I
I

I
I
I

"I'll be with you in a sec," he said, seeming not to notice
Rachel's sudden blush. He disappeared behind the swinging
doors.
"Sit down, Ella Mae," Rachel said irately. The child, restive,
was climbing up the showcase window, her small behind in the
air, her bumbling legs askew.

�54 Heartbreak Alley

Rachel set her pocketbook and paper bag on the side-~able
with its green felt cover and picked up a copy of the Nauonal
Geographic.
"Wasn't Ella Mae good," Mr. Hogarth said, tweaking the
girl's cheek.
Rachel smiled stiffly. Nothing had gone quite as she had
imagined. Her guilt at being there on false pretenses had put a
wedge into their afternoon; she was convinced that Mr.
Hogarth could read the deceit lurking in her heart.
And yet Mr. Hogarth had been as free and warm as ever; had
listened to her lament over her last abortive attempt at one of
Julia Child's recipes. Something, she had said, always went
wrong. If the souffl~ didn't collapse, the milk curdled, and if
the milk didn't curdle, the batter stuck. "They're just too darn
gosh complicated," she mourned, a_nd Mr. Hogarth laughed.
"Maybe I'm not going about it the right way," Rachel had
said earnestly. "Julia seems so casual about it all."
"I know what you mean," Mr. Hogarth had commiserated.
"Like when she drops the whole concoction on the floor. 'Dear
me,"' he went in imitation. "'Guess we'll have to do it over."'
They had burst out laughing and little Ella Mae looked up at
them and babbled along.
But Rachel had wanted more. She wasn't sure what she
wanted, but certainly more than recipes and television shows
and Lemon Pledge .
.'Til have the pies for you Monday afternoon," Mr. Hogarth
said as Rachel slipped into her emblemed jacket. She picked up
her purse off the side-table; then she picked up the paper bag.

'Til

be by Monday then," she said tentatively, two small
:eights of disappointment tugging at the corners of her mouth.
Come on, Ella Mae."

�Tinkl ebells

55

She really couldn't blame herself. The time had simply not
been propitious. Monday, when she went back alone .... She
debated placing a card with the philodendron: "To our favorite
photographer" (definitely "our"), and she realized that she
didn't know his first name.
A terrible yearning seized her. In the days when she had a
crush on Miss Goldstein, her elementary school teacher, she
had gone through all the Goldsteins in the phone book (no .
mean feat) to uncover her first name. Susan. She remembered
it yet.
Feeling utterly foolish, she turned the pages:' Hogarth.
Hogarth, B. M.-undoubtedly a woman wary of obscene
phone calls; George; Peter; Timothy; William. She picked
Timothy on a hunch. It sounded out of the ordinary, sensitive;
it went with Mr. Hogarth. Timothy Hogarth. But she never
wrote out the card.
Again the bells tinkled on her entra~ce, and again she heard
Mr. Hogarth speaking in the back room. "Just be seated; I'll be
right back."
When he swung through the pinewood doors, Rachel found
herself inexplicably sullen.
"Good afternoon," Mr. Hogarth said, patting his immaculately combed hair. "How are you this fine day, Mrs. Balin?"
Somehow the formality of her married name on his lips irked
her. Rachel, she wanted to say; Rachel. Then she noticed a
small monogram embroidered on his shirt pocket and b~ight­
ened. T. H. Timothy, she thought. Timothy. Tears pncked
the backs of her eyes.
· "They're lovely," she said, fingering the silken pictures but
barely seeing them. The pastels were so delicate, she thought,

�56 Heartbr eak Alley

one could almost overlook Ella Mae's plainness.
"How much are they?" she asked casually, but found herself
(quite irrationally, she knew) hoping he would say, "For you,
no charge." She wouldn't have heard of it of course., would
have insisted on paying; but she wanted so to be special. She
lowered her eyes quickly, for fear he would read her thoughts.
"Seven eighty-five," Mr. Hogarth said, matter-of-factly. For a
moment she loathed him.
"I have to get change," he said, taking her twenty dollar bill.
She had, she thought ruefully, thrust it at him too curtly.
Mr. Hogarth stepped out from behind the counter and
through the swinging doors.
The time, she thought, was not propitious; but then it never
was, perhaps never would be. And it occurred to her that in
the presence of an innocent bystander any suspicions of an
ulterior motive would be laid to rest. Clutching the paper bag,
she swung resolutely through the pinewood doors.
Nothing happened. Nothing she could have put her finger
on. She had seen nothing, had heard nothing. Nothing had
been said. And yet, at that moment, she knew everything.
She read it in Mr. Hogarth's startled eyes; two wrens frightened
from their nests. She read it in the impatient stance of the tall
blond stranger with the green eyes and pointed beard. She read it
in the electric currents that flowed between the two men.
He was not a customer, of that she was certain. She was, but

he was not. He was special.
Her heart swelled dark inside her breast; like the soil in her
pot of philodendron. "Oh, I'm so sorry," she said, "I didn't
know ... " and was astounded at the evenness of her voice.
·
"That's quite all right," said Mr. Hogarth, recovering his own
voice; but his calm had been badly rattled. Rachel had to laugh
when she returned to the front of the shop. "What a fool she

�Tinklebells

57

had been, believing in appearances; hadn't she lived long
enough to know better? And she thought of David, David sitting in his leather armchair, legs crossed, reading his evening
paper. Her heart went out to him. Dear David.
It's really none of my business, she thought efficaciously, as
she took the change from Mr. Hogarth's slightly tremulous
hand; the hand that had shaken hers so firmly, she thought
with mild contempt.
She looked straight into his face and saw a very ordinary little
man; a bit under the weather with age, a bit effeminate. She
even discovered the signs of corruption about the lines of his
mouth; like Rosemary's. If he were a woman, she thought, he
would be wearing his makeup too heavily; and then it occurred
to her that in the privacy of his boudoir he just might. She
peered into his eyes with an impertinent curiosity. It contented
her to see Mr. Hogarth blush.
Never mind. She would still recommend him to her friends
as a fine photographer. She picked up her pocketbook.
"What are you looking for?"
"Wastepaper basket?" She couldn't bear to carry the evidence
of her crime a moment longer.
Mr. Hogarth took it off her hands and slipped it into the basket underneath the counter.
"Thanks." Even if he looked inside, he'd never guess. "Well,
good-bye," she said, holding out her hand.
"Call again." His voice was slightly edgy, his palm moist.
"I will," Rachel said firmly, proud of her self-control. "I certainly will." And indeed she would. At least once, very soon,
with Johnny and Ella Mae; just to prove.··
The bells tinkled behind her as she closed the door.

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                    <text>THREE

POEMS

BERNHARD FRANK

�THREE

POEMS

BERNHARD FRANK

�The Poetry Collection is proud to celebrate National
Poetry Month with this publication of Bernhard Frank's
Three Poems, the first of a planned yearly series featuring the
work of poets living in Buffalo. Bernhard Frank has had a
long and successful career as a teacher, poet, translator,
and editor, and the Collection thanks him for the donation
of the Buckle Collection, which began in 1984, and for his
support through the Buckle Endowment. His gifts ensure
that the Poetry Collection will continue to serve as
contemporary poetry's library of record.
Cover image of Bernhard Frank by Ann Colley from
Buckle &amp; 3 (Fall/Winter 1999).
"For Persephone" previously appeared in News from the
Republic of Letters.

© 2009 Bernhard Frank

�FOR PERSEPHONE

Half the year you spend on
the Vineyard breathing-in
the salt spray the glo-worm
glitter of morning's ocean.
At noon
sunscreen clad you lie
amid Dionysus' clones
along
the strip of beach basted
roasting. At night amid the
glitterati serving grape leaves
&amp; ouzo
you listen to the owls.
The other half you return to us
in this
our dank and blustery
city regather like rags about you
the friends you had abandoned
for warmer climes
surprised
that some have scattered cooled
or died. Your mother failed to tell
that time in the nether region goes on
without you
that each year will
find you a little more estranged
that
a little more forgotten
one day you will return
an alien
to a foreign land.

�WELCOME TO CASINO NIAGARA,

or How to Spend a Rainy Day
The water, under a Jack-the-Ripper
fog, crashes in free-fall; a finesifted rain slicks the deserted
pavements.
But follow me in from the cold,
past the palatial gates of Casino Niagara,
where free coffee and spine-tingling
entertainment await:
Guards are
here, but no barbed wire; the sheep
voluntarily come to the trough.
The lightsnorthern-blink in nervous staccato,
smoke swirls from flayed victimsa sea of grey heads
ashen faces:
Despair etched on boredom.
They do their aerobics on phallic
handles-pull &amp; pray-puff-puffpull &amp; hope: Here purgatory paradise
and hell intermingle.
A bell lets loose,
lights go amok, indifferent tokens
clatter down, down the cataracts of
envy into the maelstrom of greed.

�HYPO TEARS

I
)I

The doctors say that
I've run out of
tears which (at my
age) hardly surprises
having seen worlds
collide &amp; generations perish Ducts
like wells do have
their limits &amp; years of
drought ~ell,you
understand. They say
I can purchase them
though for $13.69 at
any Rite-Aid drug store
&amp; hardly know the d
f
f
e
r

e
n

c
e

�About Bernhard Frank and the Buckle Collection
After receiving a PhD from the University of Pittsburgh,
Bernhard Frank taught comparative literature and creative
writing at Buffalo State College from 1965 to 2000. His
books of poetry include American Gothic, The Homer Ladies'
Journal, The Pn.nt if Memory, and Louder Than the Dark.
Frank has also published the novels John in the Wilderness
and Mandolin with Rain as well as translations of Hebrew
poets, Rilke, Baudelaire, and others. Recently, he began the
Tippling Scholar Editions, the first three of which bring
together his writings on Dickinson, Rilke, and Thomas
Mann.
Frank edited the semi-annual magazines Buckle": A Poetry
Journal and Buckle &amp;in Buffalo, New York, from 1977 to
1982 and from 1998 to 2006, respectively. The titles for
these magazines come from the poem "The Windhover"
by Gerard Manley Hopkins. All ten issues of Buckle" and
seventeen issues of Buckle &amp; included poetry, poetry
translations into English, and illustrations, and published
such authors as Dennis Maloney, Marge Piercy, Jon
Daunt, William Dickey, Alice Fulton, John Tagliabue,Joan
Colby, and John M. Bennett. The Buckle Collection
contains editorial correspondence, manuscripts, business
records, and other items from both of these literary
magazines as well as books and magazines inscribed to
Frank.

�Published in an edition of 300 copies,
of which the first 50 have been numbered and signed by
the poet.

#.J--o

The Poetry Collection
Buffalo, NY I 2009
library. buffalo.edu/ pl/

'ti!J

University at Buffalo The State University of New York

..

�i

I

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                    <text>�Chapter XI:

BLOOD ON THE SNOW

Sandor, Kato and Pali stood in front of the Meszaroses'
house. The house was in darkness. The street was deserted.
Sandor stepped up and knocked on the door. There was, at
first, no answer, but then they heard the scuffling of feet and
some talk. Finally the question came from inside: "Who's
there? " "Sandor, Sandor Schintzer," he answered. "Who?"
The voice asked again. "Sandor Schnitzer," Sandor offered
more loudly.
The key was heard turning in its lock and then Roza
Meszaros stood in front of them. She had on a colorful housecoat and slippers. Roza looked with astonishment at the three
figures in front of her.
"We've come to ask for a favor," Sandor said.
Roza looked back at her husband who was sitting at the
table reading a newspaper. The leftovers of their meal were in
front of him. It was pleasantly warm in the room. Janos
Meszaros saw the uninvited guests and shrugged. He stayed
at the table. Roza, without a word, moved aside and let the
visitors enter.
"Hello, Janos," Sandor said.
"Hello, Mr. Schnitzer," answered Meszaros.
"We're sorry to come at this late hour, but we do need
your help."
"What?" asked Roza.
"We need a place to stay for a couple of days before we can
return to the apartment we've left," explained Kato.

�2

hnitzer k pt tanding by the door and were not invitme in and it down. Pali looked around for their two
n , Kar i and yuri, whom he knew well. Although they
w r lder h ometime played football with them. Quite
[c n h I nt th m hi bicycle. Yet the two boys were not th r .
h warmth of th room wa pleasant and deceptive.
R za h itated and finally said: ''I'm sorry, really sorry, Mr.
and Mr . hnitzer, but it's impossible. We have no room and
I'm ared."
Kat t ok out of h r bag the bottle of wine she had brought
aJ ng. ''Anyway, we've brought you something to drink." he
put th bottl on the table.
B th Jano and Roza liked their "booze", and never said n
t a gla of wine wh nit was offered to them. Roza looked at
the tde. "Thanks," he aid, "but I'm sorry ... "
At that m men t the curtain dividing the room was thru t
a id and ixt en year old Karcsi appeared. Hi face wa till
h avy with leep.
"
v ning," h aid. "I've listened to your conver arion.
I'll tak
f Mr. and Mr . chnitzer and Pali. I have a pla
h y don t have to walk away."

�63

Both his parents and the Schnitzers looked at him in astonishment.
"First of all, please do sit down. Take off your coats. We'll
put them by the stove to dry." He went up to the table, moved
the chairs around and cleared three places.
"Thanks, Karcsi, but ... " Sandor didn't know what to say.
"How can you throw three people out into the street on a
night like this?" asked Karcsi. ''I'll take you to a safe place. It
won't be comfortable, but you'll manage. You could stay there
for a couple of days, as long as it takes," he added.
"What are you talking about, Karcsi?" His father finally
opened his mouth.
"There's an empty apartment belonging to the guard at the
plant. Since the plant is closed, no one has lived there for the
last two months. I can easily unlock the door. There's no one
around."
Roza Meszaros put a loaf of bread on the table, a bowl of
boiled potatoes, plates and forks. "Please," she said, "this is all
we have."
"Thanks," said Kato. "We don't want to take the little you
have. We've already eaten once today."
"Please do eat," Roza softened. "In a moment I'll get you
some hot tea. You've got to warm up."
From behind the curtain came the voice of the younger boy,
Gyuri: "Mama, what's to eat?" He showed up rubbing his
sleep-heavy eyes. "Pali!" He cried in amazement. ''And Mr.
and Mrs. Schnitzer!"
"Hi, Gyuri," Pali said. ''I'm sorry I can't kick a ball into your
goal right now." Gyuri was an excellent goalie and played with
the youth group at the Ganz factory.
The Schnitzers partook of the food laid out on the table.
Pali, even though he was hungry, only ate a potato and a slice
of bread.
"We've been staying with a friend of ours at the center of the
city," explained Kato. "No one there knew that we were Jews.
We were forced to leave but will be able to go back."

�64

Kato herself didn't believe what she was saying. After all, there
was no certainty whatever that they might return to Mrs.
Nemes's house; but the most important thing right now was to
find a hiding place. There was no knowing what the future held.
"We'll take with us a few warm blankets, some pots, glasses,
plates and a kettle," Karcsi said. "Gyuri, come along and give
me a hand," he turned to his brother.
Sandor, Kato and Pali got up and put on their dried overcoats. The pleasant warmth spread throughout their bodies.
Sandor laid a sum of money on the table. Janos and Roza
looked at the money but neither touched it nor refused it.
"Thank you," Sandor said. "We know that it's not easy
these days to help the Jews. We won't forget what you have
done for us."
The Schnitzers and the two boys went out into the night.
Karcsi led them past the plant where, in the past, pigs had
been raised. The huge pens stood empty. The plant was several kilometers from the house.
They went past the tall silos which held the pigs' fodder and
past the office buildings. The place was deserted and desolate.
Snow flakes flitted through the air and covered the earth and
houses. The white sheet gleamed in the dark night.
They arrived at a small cottage. Karcsi took out a bunch of
keys and unlocked the door. The place contained a bedroom
and a kitchen. The facilities were in a wooden outhouse
behind the cottage. In the bedroom stood two beds and a cupboard. In the kitchen there was a table and a stove. Obviously
it had been a long time since anyone lived there. The windows
were covered with heavy shutters.
''I'm sorry," Karcsi said. "That's all there is. You'll be cold
here, very cold. It's not wise to light the stove since somebody
might see the smoke. I've brought along some candles, but
you better keep the shutters closed so no one will suspect that
you're living here. I'm sorry."
"We are very grateful to you, Karcsi. This is a great place.
Given the state of affairs, we couldn't have imagined a better
place."

�65

"It's certain that you won't have to stay here for a long time,"
Gyuri said. "The Russians are already closing in."
''I'll come by in the morning," Karcsi said, "and bring you
some things to eat. I know where to get them."
"Thank you," said Sandor. "Please take some money for
your expenses."
"Mr. Schnitzer," Karcsi replied, looking straight into
Sandor's eyes, "I have my own savings. I've worked. It's a
great honor for me to help p~ople in need. I won't take money
from you under any circumstances. You may still need it."
Tears came to the eyes of Sandor, Kato and Pali.
The two boys returned home and the Schnitzers remained in
their new hiding place. They spread the blankets over the
beds, took off their shoes and clothes and tried to sleep. It was
bitter cold. Pali lay in one bed with his mother and Sandor lay
in the second bed. Even though they were exhausted they had
trouble falling asleep.
In the morning Pali woke up to the chirping of birds. He
went up to the shutter, opened it, and outside the window saw
swarms of swallows flying from tree to tree. Everything was
covered by white, marvelous snow. Before him extended the
huge pig pens separated by wooden fences. The many acacia
trees were bare except for the swallows which alighted on them
from time to time.
The small apartment served as an ideal hiding place.
Sandor, Kato and Pali kept all their clothes on at all times,
even the gloves on their hands seldom came off Still, Pali's
legs were freezing. His feet became real smooth and turned
purple. Sometimes he had to scratch them to the point of
bleeding, other times he had no feeling in them at all.
Hunger took its toll too. Even in the house of Mrs. Nemes
there had not been that much food; at times they lacked such
important food stuffs as bread, oil, eggs and, of course, meat,
but they never starved. Now there was just nothing at all to eat.
Pali tried to keep busy playing with his buttons, but the bitter cold forced him to stop from time to time to rub his hands
and feet. Sandor was very nervous, his legs trembled all the

�66

time and he said little. Kato tried to arrange their few possessions in a more livable way. They sat down and got up, lay
down and got up, and moved about the apartment aimlessly.
Pali found a newspaper in one of the corners, some six months
old, and he and his parents read it over and over.
The morning had passed and Karcsi hadn't come.
Noontime passed and still no Karcsi.
'"'If he promised to come, he'll come," Kato reassured her
husband.
Even so, it occurred to them that something unexpected
might have happened. Perhaps someone had discovered their
hiding place? Perhaps Karcsi and Gyuri had to be somewhere?
Perhaps they were drafted against their will? After all, the
Fascists were even drafting boys to defend the city against
the Russians.
At noon you could hear muffled shots in the vicinity. The
shooting was sporadic and repeated every few minutes. All
three of them were terrified and froze in their spot. The door
had been locked from inside and no one could have guessed
that the apartment was inhabited. The shots came closer and
closer to the house.
Cautiously Pali went over to the shutter, and peeked out
through one of the chinks. In front of the house stood a
young lad, Istvan, son of the district's fire chief, holding a 22.
Pali knew him from school. Istvan was one of the first to don
the Levente uniform. Istvan held the rifle in one hand and a
bunch of dead swallows in the other. Through the chink Pali
saw Istvan lay the birds down in the snow, aim his rifle at one
of the trees and fire. He lifted the dead birds and went to pick
up the one he had just shot. Where the dead birds had lain
there remained a spot of blood, bright red against the white
snow. Istvan, meanwhile, continued on his hunting expedition; the sound of shots, eventually, died out.

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Bern~ard fr~nk

�Table of Contents

Overture ................................................. 5
Themes:

The Odyssey as Morality Tale ................................7
Odysseus's Homecoming ................................. 11
Intermezzo:
What Homer didn't know................................. 14
Themes:
Role Reversal in Oedipus the King. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
The Curse of Incest ......................................
Tiresias as Oedipus's Role Model .........................
Macbeth as Mirror Image of Oedipus the King ..............

19
22
25
28

Variation:
Crossing Over .......................................... 36

�7

They tied him
to the mast
And did not mind
that beeswax in their ear
That he might hear
the siren yowl of the world.
They saw the bonestrewn shore against
the bleaching sun
&amp; asked no more.
&amp; he-hands tied
behind him- heard, &amp; saw
That there was nothing
to be done.
But when they'd passed
in safety to the Latian shore,
And took their count,
&amp; missing oneA blot of beeswax
in the molten sun.

The Odyssey as Morality Tale
A major puzzle in reading Homer's Odyssey has always been
why the hero himself does not appear until book 5, at the end of
seven years spent on the island of Calypso. Karl Reinhardt wonders whether, if Homer had begun with Odysseus's adventures
in a chronological sequence, without first acquainting us with
Penelope, something might have been missing in Calypso's cave
(Schein 96). Certainly the contrast between the two females, one
mortal, one a goddess, would have been lost. The entire episode,
albeit a long one in terms of years, could have become just one
more adventure. Reinhardt sees the Calypso motif as permeating
the first half of the Odyssey. She is the last of Odysseus's adventures
before he reaches the island of the Phaeacians, and the one with
which, having come full circle, his tale at King Alcinous's court
ends (Schein 126).

�9

Odysseus alone is spared. He is, at long last, ready to advance
to Purgatory.
"[So] long as he remains secluded and hidden with Kalypso,
Odysseus' state is neither that of the living nor that of the dead;'
writes Jean-Pierre Vernant (Schein 187). To say that each of the
years Odysseus spends on Ogygia corresponds to penance for one of
the deadly sins may be pushing it. Agathe Thornton sees the interval
as corresponding to "the Shaman's experience of ascending through
the seven heavenly planes" (30). Be that as it may, seven years
of increasing disenchantment with the goddess and intensifying
homesickness may be deemed sufficient atonement. To move out
of Purgatory, Odysseus is once more presented with a test: Will he
trade his homeland, wife and son for Immortality? In his famous,
moving speech Odysseus declines. He is now ready for Paradise.
The land ofthe Phaeacians is an ideal setting. Pierre Vidal-N aquet
calls it Utopian (Schein 48n74) and points to the fact that "there are
no seasons in Alcinous's magic garden" (48). The courtesy and
generosity of King Alcinous and ~een Arete offer a vast change
from the monsters Odysseus had previously encountered. He feels
calm and relaxed enough to look back at the hell he, and he alone,
has survived.
Yet, just as the biblical Eden has a serpent in it, so does this
Utopia. The insults of Euryalus, son of Naubolus, tempt Odysseus briefly and revive his pride; it takes the king's tact to smooth
matters over. To exit Paradise, Odysseus must confront another
temptation: The offer of the very young and lovely Nausicaa's hand
in marriage, with which would come the riches of the royal family
and the future kingship. Odysseus passes that final test, too, and
with flying colors. He is now morally ready for the return to his
family and home. Ironically, unlike the biblical Adam, it is not
Odysseus but his gentle hosts who are punished by Poseidon for
escorting Odysseus in safety to Ithaca.
Here the morality tale ends. Once back in Ithaca, Odysseus,
tackling the real world and badly outnumbered by his enemies,

�9

Odysseus alone is spared. He is, at long last, ready to advance
to Purgatory.
"[So] long as he remains secluded and hidden with Kalypso,
Odysseus' state is neither that of the living nor that of the dead;'
writes Jean-Pierre Vernant (Schein 187). To say that each of the
years Odysseus spends on Ogygia corresponds to penance for one of
the deadly sins may be pushing it. Agathe Thornton sees the interval
as corresponding to "the Shaman's experience of ascending through
the seven heavenly planes" (30). Be that as it may, seven years
of increasing disenchantment with the goddess and intensifying
homesickness may be deemed sufficient atonement. To move out
of Purgatory, Odysseus is once more presented with a test: Will he
trade his homeland, wife and son for Immortality? In his famous,
moving speech Odysseus declines. He is now ready for Paradise.
The land ofthe P haeacians is an ideal setting. Pierre Vidal-N aquet
calls it Utopian (Schein 48n 7 4) and points to the fact that "there are
no seasons in Alcinous's magic garden" (48). The courtesy and
generosity of King Alcinous and ~een Arete offer a vast change
from the monsters Odysseus had previously encountered. He feels
calm and relaxed enough to look back at the hell he, and he alone,
has survived.
Yet, just as the biblical Eden has a serpent in it, so does this
Utopia. The insults of Euryalus, son of Naubolus, tempt Odysseus briefly and revive his pride; it takes the king's tact to smooth
matters over. To exit Paradise, Odysseus must confront another
temptation: The offer of the very young and lovely Nausicaa's hand
in marriage, with which would come the riches of the royal family
and the future kingship. Odysseus passes that final test, too, and
with flying colors. He is now morally ready for the return to his
family and home. Ironically, unlike the biblical Adam, it is not
Odysseus but his gentle hosts who are punished by Poseidon for
escorting Odysseus in safety to Ithaca.
Here the morality tale ends. Once back in Ithaca, Odysseus,
tackling the real world and badly outnumbered by his enemies,

�10

resorts to whatever tactics of survival he can muster. Everything is
now reduced to the basics of"who is with me, who is against me."
Morality does not enter into it.
Works Cited
Schein, Seth L., ed. Reading The Odyssey: Selected Interpretive Essays.
Princeton: Princeton UP, 1996.
Thornton, Agathe. People and Themes in Homer's Odyssey. London: Methuen,
1970.

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                <text>This recording presents two prose fiction readings: the first, published in 1975, depicts an emotionally charged encounter between Doctor Ferrier and Margaret following a failed relationship; the second follows Andre, a twelve-year-old boy confronting memory, loss, and family truth while packing his childhood belongings during a move. </text>
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                <text>Researchers must contact University Archives to obtain reproductions of images and to request permission to use any image. Persons who publish or use this material in any manner assume all responsibility for identifying copyright holders and meeting any requisites for use.</text>
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                  <text>William Barrow Mann was born in Kendall, New York circa 1835. After graduating from the University of Buffalo Medical School in 1861, Dr. Mann served as an Assistant Surgeon in the United States Navy during the Civil War (1861-1865). After the War, he practiced medicine in Brockport, New York until his death on October 23, 1920. This digital collection consists mainly of letters between Dr. Mann and his family, discussing family matters. In total, there are 25 letters, 2 official documents, 1 promissory note, 1 invoice, and 1 photograph. Some of the letters are written during the Civil War and mention Dr. Mann&amp;rsquo;s service in the Navy. Three of the items within the collection are from the United States Navy to Dr. Mann and are signed by Gideon Welles, secretary of the Navy. The &lt;a href="https://findingaids.lib.buffalo.edu/repositories/2/resources/182" target="_blank"&gt;William Mann&lt;/a&gt; papers are held by University Archives.</text>
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                <text>Correspondence</text>
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          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="776008">
                <text>This is a photographic copy of the original autographed letter signed by Theophilus Randall, in which he details the reasons why he is upset with his friend Electra Allan. </text>
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          </element>
          <element elementId="45">
            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="776010">
                <text>State University of New York at Buffalo. University Archives</text>
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          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
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                <text>1815-03-04</text>
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            </elementTextContainer>
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          <element elementId="37">
            <name>Contributor</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="776012">
                <text>State University of New York at Buffalo. University Archives</text>
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          <element elementId="42">
            <name>Format</name>
            <description>The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="776014">
                <text>letters (correspondence)</text>
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          <element elementId="51">
            <name>Type</name>
            <description>The nature or genre of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="776015">
                <text>text</text>
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          <element elementId="43">
            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="776016">
                <text>MS25_1_4_001</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="776017">
                <text>MS25_1_4_001.pdf</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="1660877">
                <text>RG30-3-1425_1_4_001&#13;
</text>
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          <element elementId="105">
            <name>Is Part Of</name>
            <description>A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included.</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="776019">
                <text>William B. Mann Papers, 1803-1891 (LIB-UA026)</text>
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          </element>
          <element elementId="48">
            <name>Source</name>
            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="1660912">
                <text>William B. Mann Papers, 1803-1891 (RG 30/3/1425)</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="47">
            <name>Rights</name>
            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="1942726">
                <text>&lt;a href="https://rightsstatements.org/page/CNE/1.0/"&gt;COPYRIGHT NOT EVALUATED&lt;/a&gt;. The copyright and related rights status of this Item has not been evaluated. Please refer to the organization that has made the Item available for more information. You are free to use this Item in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use.  This digital collection is made available for research and educational purposes. Researchers are responsible for determining copyright status, and securing permissions for use and publication of any material. Copyright for items in this collection may be held by the creators, their heirs, or assigns. Researchers are required to obtain written permission from copyright holders and the University Archives prior to reproducing or publishing materials, including images and quotations. For inquiries about reproduction requests and permissions, please contact the &lt;a href="http://library.buffalo.edu/archives/"&gt;University Archives&lt;/a&gt;.  If you believe material in our digital collections infringes copyright or other rights, please review our &lt;a href="https://library.buffalo.edu/about/policies/information-use/notice-and-takedown-policy.html"&gt;Notice and Takedown Policy&lt;/a&gt; for information on how to report your concern.</text>
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