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                    <text>CEX

10/31/69

pg. 15

UB Black Union
Gives Free Meals
By Harlan Abbey
One Reason some pupils in
inner-city schools can’t concen
trate on their lessons is that
they are hungry, educational
studies have shown.
University of Buffalo’s Black
Students Union is erasing this
problem for about 130 pupils a
day through its free breakfast
program each morning in West
minster House, 421 Monroe St.

The Program is financed
through a $3,500 grant by the
UB Student Assn. It began three
weeks ago and the initial grant
is down to about $1,500. Com
munity and civic response has
been slow, but, says Mrs. Ka
rene Asbury, 21, of 437 Hum
boldt Parkway., a senior majoring in
history:
“We’re going to keep this go
ing through sheer determina
tion; we’ll find the funds some
way.”
The BSU has some 1,000 mem
bers, and about 10 to 20 partici
pate in serving breakfast each
day.

whether the children ate at
home and are coming here for
seconds,’ we don’t turn anyone
away,” added Mrs. Asbury.
She said the students allot 70
cents per day per child, and
usually serve 130 children a day.
One day, 192 breakfasts were
served. Shopping is* done over
the weekend.
"We do most of our purchas
ing through ‘Echo,’ a black co
operative program, because we
have learned that most food
stores in black areas over
charge their customers,” she
added, continuing:

"We Plan to expand this
program to a second location
in January, and we’d also like
to begin consumer education
courses based on what we’ve
learned through shopping for
food for the program.”
Another positive result of the
program, Rasheim said, is “the
growth of valuable relationships
between young children and
students.” He said he did not
believe the youngsters know the
older students attend college,
"The First of us get here so there is probably not much
at 6:15 A.M.,” explained Charles emphasis on education.
Rasheim, 19, a freshman major
“But I think it helps any
ing in Black Studies. He con young child to have an older
tinued:
friend to listen to his problems
“The girls do most of the and to give him advice,” he
cooking, while the men do most said.
of the heavy work. We start
serving children in kindergarten
So Far, Mrs. Georgia Coop
through Grade 6 around 8 A.M. er of 311 Madison Ave. is the
and stop at 8:50 so they can get only adult helping the UB stu
to school on time. From 9 to dents in their early morning
9:45 A.M. we serve the children project.
in the nursery school here in
“I brought my grandchildren
Westminster House.”
in one morning and I felt these
The breakfasts served are young people needed help, so
well-planned and hearty. Thurs I’ve been helping ever since,”
day’s menu consisted of scram she said.
bled eggs, grits, bacon, milk,
“Now we are seeking help in
fruit juice, toast and jelly.
the areas of donations of food
and financial donations,” Mrs.
"We Don’t Check on Asbury said.

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                    <text>BSU sponsors free
breakfasts program
by Mark Lumer
Spectrum Staff Writer

In an effort to help the under
privileged children in the Third
World Community, the Black
Student Union will start a “Free
Breakfast in School” program
Monday in the Westminister
House, 421 Adams Street.
Elaborating on what promoted
this program, Percy Lambert, presi
dent of the Black Student Union
said: “We found out that kids don’t
do well in school because their
mothers are unable to offer them a
decent breakfast in the morning.”
“So when these kids are in
school, they are concentrating on
the hunger pains in their stomachs
instead of the schoolwork on the
board,” he explained.
In addition to the food costs for
the program, Mr. Lambert cited
another financial burden: “We had
to buy a refrigerator for the West
minister House because the one
they had was inadequate for our
needs.”
“The government has been in
sensitive to the needs of the
people,” he continued. “The
government has cut back on wel
fare and our people are just barely
able to live off of it. We are trying
to set up a sort of emergency fund
for the people of the community.
We must help the community. It is
our duty to attune ourselves to the
needs of the people.”

Black Student Union, but since
they gave us less money than we
asked for, we will need donations
from individual people and from
organizations to keep the program
going.”

“We might go to the next Polity
meeting and ask for some money,”
Mr. Lambert added. “We are also
setting up a list of sources that we
will go to for assistance. We will
seek every source of help that is
available to us, and that means
every source.”
Revolutionary program
“There is a possibility that we
would be getting food from the
Department of Agriculture, but we
think that the government will not
risk contradicting themselves for
the needs of the people. They can
burn excess food, but they can’t
give it to the people because it will
hurt the economy. Most probably,
we will be getting our food from
Ecco, which is a co-op that is lo
cated in the community itself,” he
explained.
Commenting on the possibility
of getting help from businesses in
the community such as A&amp;P, Mr.
Lambert stressed: “The A&amp;P is like
all white businesses. They are only
concerned with making a profit
over the people.”
“They steal from our commu
nity.” he said “and when they are
asked to return it by helping, they
refuse. The A&amp;P gives ten dollars a
year. We have not as yet decided on
our action if the A&amp;P doesn’t help
us.”

Seeks community involvement
“Although the program will
only serve about 100 children, gen
erally in the Westminister House
Emphasizing that “this is a revo
area,” Mr. Lambert said, “BSU
hopes to expand it into a commu lutionary program,” Mr. Lambert
insisted: “We are going to make it
nity-wide project.
hard to say ‘no’ to a BSU member,
“Right now,” he remarked, as it is hard to say ‘no’ to a Black
“only BSU is involved, but eventu Panther. We will keep the program
ally we hope to get other students going at all costs.”
from other colleges and people
Expressing BSU’s stand on the
from the community into it. This
would be different from the Black project, Mr. Lambert said: “Power
Panther’s ‘Breakfast for Children’ to the people.”

program.
Contributions can be made to
“Funds for the program are the chairman of the “Free Break
coming from the Student Associa fast in School” program. Karen
tion budget allocation for the Asbury, in room 335,Norton Hall.

[Spectrum
10-3-69]

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                <text>The Spectrum</text>
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                    <text>Auburn, N. Y.
Citizen-Advertiser

Salamanca N. Y.
Republican-Press
D. 4,000

(Syracuse Market Area)
D. 17.000

Oct 31, 1969

Oct 31, 1969

Black Students Union at UB
Give Free Meals to Children
Buffalo, N. Y. (AP)
Members of the Black Students
Union at the State University at
Buffalo are providing a free
breakfeist each day to about 130
schoolchildren at an East Side
community center.
The program is financed
through a $3,500 grant from the
University’s Student Associa
tion, but the funds have
dwindled to $1,500 and commu
nity response to replenish it has
been slow.
Nevertheless, Mrs. Karene
Asbury, 21, a senior, said,
“We’re going to keep this go
ing through sheer determina
tion; we’ll find the funds some
way.”
The children, who range from
nursery school through sixth
grade level, find a hearty meal
awaiting them. A typical menu
includes fruit juice, scrambled
eggs, bacon, grits, toast and
jelly and milk.
Mrs. Asbury said the students
planned to expand the program
to a second location in January
and perhaps set up consumer
education courses for ghetto
residents.
Charles Rasheim, 19, a fresh
man majoring in black studies,

Said another result of the pro
gram was “the growth of valu
able relationships between
young children and students.
".. I think it helps any
young child to have an older
friend to listen to his problems
and to give him advice,” he
said.

Black students
give children
free breakfast
Buffalo, N. Y. (AP) —
Members of the Black Students
Union at the State University
Buffalo are providing a free
“breakfast each day to about 130
schoolchildren at an East Side
community center.
The program is financed
through a $3,500 grant from the
University’s Student Associa
tion, but the funds have
dwindled to $1,500 and commu
nity response to replenish it has
been slow.
Nevertheless, Mrs. Karene
Asbury, 21, a senior, said,
“We’re going to keep this go
ing through sheer determina
tion; we’ll find the funds some
way.”
The children, who range from
nursery school through sixth
grade level, find a hearty meal
awaiting them. A typical menu
includes fruit juice, scrambled
eggs, bacon , grits, toast and
jelly and milk.
Mrs. Asbury said the students
planned to expand the program
to a second location in January
and perhaps set up consumer
education courses for ghetto
residents.
Charles Rasheim, 19, a fresh
man majoring in black studies.
said another result of the pro
gram was “the growth of valu
able
relationships
between
young children and students.

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                    <text>Black student dissent to continue
by Dorie Klein
College Editor

Within the past month, black student uprisings have
swept a dozen colleges across the country, violence has
flared on several campuses, reports have come out in support
of and opposed to Black Studies programs, and the only
certain outcome is that the revolt will continue.
At the University of Cal
At the University of
ifornia at Santa Barbara, a
Minnesota, 50 students occupied
black student was arrested at the office of Admissions and
a rally for using an allegedly Records after failing to reach
obscene word. The Black agreement with President Malcolm
Student Union held a rally Moos over black demands, and at
the next day and led the the predominantly Negro
University in Ohio,
crowd of 1500 in a cheer: Wilberforce
classes were suspended while
“One, two, three, fuck!” No administrators worked out
one was arrested.
grievances concerning disciplinary
A speaker at the rally
commented on the lunacy of
arresting students for “saying the
word ‘fuck’ when the real
obscenities are words like kill,
murder, napalm and Vietnam.”
And others, remarking on how
they had used the same words in
lecture halls without being
stopped by the police said: “The
real question is, is there any free
speech on this fucking campus?”
The Black Student Union at
Santa Barbara had formed a
United Front with the United
Mexican-American Students and
Students for a Democratic Society
to press their demands to the
administration.
Among these were revoking the
warrant of the BSU member
charged with obscenity, issuing a
statement of no-censhorship-oncampus, forbidding police on
campus, hiring blacks in the
Athletic Department, hiring
Mexican-American counselors,
establishing a community
relations program and creating
Black Studies and
Mexican-American Studies
departments.
Panthers shot

The same week, at the UC
campus at Los Angeles, two black
student members of the Black
Panther Party were shot to death
after leaving a meeting called to
di‘scuss the school’s new
Afro-American Center.
The two, John Huggins and
Alprentice Carter, had supported
the UCLA Black Student Union in
the group’s opposition to the
community steering committee
for the center. The committee had
appointed a director for the
center not approved by the BSU,
and this became the focal point of
the struggle between the Panthers
and the group supporting the
committee, US, led by Ron
Karenga. US is a defender of
“cultural nationalism” and
opposes the Panther’s politically
revolutionary stand.
Two brothers in US, George
and Larry Stiner, have been
arrested by the police in
connection with the murders. A
Panther spokesman has said that
his group considers “four people
responsible, and we’re holding
Ron Karenga responsible too.”
At San Francisco State College
and Berkeley, protests go on. Last
Thursday, police on horseback
broke up demonstrations at SF
State after the Superior Court
issued a restraining order
forbidding students to picket on
campus and limiting the number
of pickets outside to five per
entrance. By noon, 500 were
picketing.
At Berkeley, police in wedges
broke into the crowds after 1,000
strikers marched across the
campus to Sproul Hall. They were
enforcing an order against the
obstruction of campus entrances
by pickets.
Friday, February 7, 1969

cases. A fire had destroyed the
student union there the week
before.
Brandeis disrupted

Students were ending their
disruptions at colleges in the East.
At Brandeis University, 75 black
students occupied a building for
ten days and renamed it Malcolm
X University. They agreed to leave
in exchange for amnesty, after
finding President Morris Abram
unresponsive to their demands.
One student noted that the
action had “exposed to the nation
the inability of one of the most
well-known liberal colleges in
America to deal constructively
with racism.” The group has not
given up on its demands, but
intends to continue the fight. “At
present,” a member of the
Afro-American Organization said,
“the setting of the university does
not allow us the academic
freedom so sorely needed for our
development as black people.”
Among the demands is the
establishment of an African and
Afro-American Studies
department.
The Brandeis students intend
to establish a Malcolm X Univer
sity in Roxbury, Boston’s ghetto.
They have won their demand for a
Black Studies department on cam
pus.
At another well-known school,
Swarthmore College, the Afro
-American Students Society held a
burning-in-effigy of the college
and then occupied a building dur
ing the early days of January.
Their action was terminated by
the sudden death of President
Courtney Smith, after a week of
meetings and discussion had
shaken the school out of its cust
omary apathy.
Similarly roused from
indifference were those at Queens
College in New York, where black
and Puerto Rican students in the
program known as SEEK —
Search for Elevation, Education
and Knowledge — sat in, at, and
finally stormed, the office of
SEEK Director Joseph
Mulholland.
The students and staff
members involved in SEEK, which
is funded by the state to help the
underprivileged through tutorials
and financial assistance, were
demanding autonomy for the
program. A leader of the protest
said that it had become “a vehicle
for white employment and racism.
It provides an education geared to
the white experience alone, and
that’s not all there is.”
The SEEK students at Queens
have separate classes and meet in a
building off the main campus.
Mulholland has been charged with
discriminatory hiring practices
and mismanagement of funds,
although one white called his
“irrelevant to the whole thing —
like Archduke Ferdinand was
irrelevant to World War I.”
Although some whites support the

demands, they have been asked
not to enter the dispute by SEEK
people themselves.
At Pennsylvania State
University, the black students’
Douglas Association used
unconventional tactics to achieve
their aims. They were demanding
the admission of 1,000 blacks,
increased University assistance to
these students, and the hiring of
black faculty members. Nearly
100 marched into the office of
President Walker and silently built
a brick wall of three feet topped
by a single black brick, with a
note attached: “Next time we
won’t build a wall.”
The wall was to symbolize the
breakdown of communication
between the blacks and the
administration. The Douglas
students then appealed to state
legislators in Harrisburg. Some
legislators have threatened to
withhold University
appropriations unless the demands
are met and black enrollment
increased, and announced their
intention to launch an
investigation of Penn State’s
policies on admission and faculty
hiring.
SUNY victory

The Black Student Alliance at
SUNY at Albany won a victory
Jan. 13 when President Evan
Collins agreed to their demands.
These were the institution of a
course in Afro-American history
for the spring semester, 1969; the
establishment of an
Afro-American Studies
department by fall, and the
enrollment of 300 minority-group
students next year. The BSA is to
play a major role in the choosing
of instructors and students and
the establishing of curriculum.
In 1967, there were less than

20 blacks at Albany. They formed
the BSA and won the admission
of 200 additional blacks by 1968.
They began to agitate for black
history courses and mobilized
white support on this issue. The
administration signed the
demands when the students
threatened a takeover of the
president’s office.
The black students want to
make their department “relevant
not only to black students, but
also to our brothers and sisters in
the community.” One BSA
member said: “We support all
people controlling the institutions
that affect their lives.”
“To bring about those goals,”
he continued, “people are
justified in using any means
necessary.” The students are
scheduled to meet Wednesday
with President Collins to begin
work on implementation.
Harvard report

Harvard University, which has
not had black student agitation on
its stately campus, has published a
report recommending the
establishment of a Black Studies
Program, and intends to
implement the recommendation.
A student at Harvard will be
able to major in Afro-American
Studies in addition to any
concentration in other fields he
might have, and would receive a
degree in it. The report also urged
the creation of a black cultural
center, similar to Hillel House or
Newman Center, and pressed for
additional Negro graduate
students on fellowships.
The report was the work of a
faculty panel which had spent
nine months studying and talking
to black students at Harvard. The
committee found the students
concerned with the same
problems as whites - course

Inside Brandeis
building

offerings, social and cultural life,
inter-university relationships and
university-community relations —
but recognized a profound
difference in outlook and needs.
“The desire for some ‘all black
experience’,” the report stated,
“is reflected in the almost
unanimous desire of black
students for an exchange program
between Harvard-Radcliffe and
black Southern colleges.”
Roy Wilkins, of the National
Association for the Advancement
of Colored People, has announced
his opposition to the creation of
Black Studies Departments and
black dormitories.
He said that the NAACP is
planning to take the students’
demands to court, if necessary, to
combat what he calls “simply
another version of segregation and
Jim Crow.”

He believes that the courts will
find such demands illegal by the
same token that segregation by
whites was declared illegal in
1954. He warned of the danger of
a minority group talking about
“separation and apartheid.”
Wilkins’ comment on black
militants — “They ought to be in
the library studying to get a
degree, so they could do some
good” — sounded ironically like
the words of California Gov.
Ronald Reagan, who told a
cheering crowd last week that he
had “run out of give” to campus
militants and “there will be no
capitulation.”
Opposing the Wilkins
viewpoint was Roy Innis of the
Congress of Racial Equality, who
considers the demands legitimate
and has pledged CORE to the
defense of the students should the
NAACP bring court action against
the creation of all-black programs.

Students camp inside Ford Hall at Brandeis
University almost a month ago.

Page Seven

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                    <text>[U.B.'s BSU Breakfast Program]
Ben 12/13/69 PG. A3

Students Defeat
UB Breakfasts
For Black Children [A3]
Students at the State
University of Buffalo have
defeated a proposal to allocate
$28,000 to the Black Student
Union’s “Breakfast for
Children" program by a vote of
1548 to 1003. The issue was put
to a referendum Thursday and
Friday.
The BSU breakfast program
currently feeds 170 young black
children in the Westminster
Community House, 421 Monroe
St..
Program . head Charles
Autrey, 19, a freshman at the
University said “we’ll have to.
look to the people of Buffalo the
community to help now. The
university has proven that it
wants nothing to do with it.”
Mr. Autrey, previously said that,
the breakfast treasury contained
$3000 of the original $5200
allocated to the program by stu
dent association funds.
Mr. Autrey also said that
because of the program’s rapid
expansion, food expenses are
currently $750 a week.
The allocation proposal was
endorsed editorially by the
Spectrum,
UB’s student
newspaper.

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                    <text>CEX 12/18/69 Pg.17

BEN. 7/11/69 PG. 39
Orientation Scheduled

More than 400 disadvantaged
students will begin a 10-week:
student orientation program at
the State University of Buffalo,
tomorrow. Conducted by the
Black student union
the pro
gram is designed to help stu
dents adjust to academic life
before classes begin in Septem
ber.

BEN

7/11/69

PG. 13

UB Sessions to Orient
Disadvantaged Students
A 10-week orientation program Planning committee members
for the 400 disadvantaged stu
include: Albert Baxter, Mrs.
dents who will enter the Uni
Audrey Dennard, and Misses
versity of Buffalo in September Paulette Grice, Hazel Morris,
will begin at 9 A.M. Saturday at Frances Nicholson and Beverly
Norton Union.
Washington.
The program, conducted by
the summer orientation commit
tee of the Black Students Union,
will run on a seven-day-a-week
basis and will explore different
areas of concern to the incom
ing students.
Panel Talks Set
Saturday’s program will begin
with a conference entitled “Mi
nority Students and the Com
munity.” Student and commun
ity organizations will hold panel
discussions, and Archie Shepp,
jazz musician and director of
arts and culture at the univer
sity, will moderate a panel dis
cussion.
On succeeding Saturdays, daylong sessions will be held on
other topics including the ad
ministration of the university,
career guidance, and education.
Smaller seminars, academic
workshops in various skills,
such as English, and tours of
the university will be held dur
ing the week.
Mrs. Carolyn Ball is faculty
adviser and coordinator of the
program, and Roosevelt Rhodes
is the assistant coordinator.

Eve Charges
Blacks Bear
'Force' Brunt
Assemblyman Arthur O. Eve,
Democrat, of Buffalo, said
Wednesday that some police
men use much greater severity
and “muscle” in law enforce
ment in the black community
than they do when dealing with
whites. He made the comment
at a Black Studies workshop
conducted by the social studios
department- at Bishop O'Hern
High School.
As an example, Eve recalled
the recent shooting of a black
youth by a white policeman
not with the officer’s sendee re
volver but with a .351 magnum
an oversized handgun that inflicted
a serious wound.
400 at Workshop
About 400 students from di
ocesan and public high schools
attended the workshop, ar
ranged by Stephen Mann, social
studies chairman at Bishop
O’Hern. Yvonne Breckenridge
and Mary Santa Maria served
as student coordinators.
The list of speakers included
Mrs. Dorothy Hill, job coordi
nator for the Community Ac
tion Organization; Mrs. Vivian
Dixon, orientation and sensi
tivity specialist; Everett Willi
ams, director of the teacher
aide program for the city’s
Board of Education; Miss Pat
Hunter, a premedical student at
the University of Buffalo, and
Roosevelt Rhodes, president of
UB’s Black Students Union.
Black Involvement
They generally agreed that
involvement in interracial af
fairs offers the best weapon for
overcoming prejudice. Several
speakers also maintained that
the black man no longer relies
on the white for help but be
lieves now that only a change in
white attitudes can produce any
meaningful relationship be
tween the two.
Among topics discussed were
“Exploring the Roots of Preju
dice,” “Interracial Marriage,”
“Black Accomplishments in
Athletics and the Arts” and
“Black Educational Oppor
tunity.”

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                    <text>BEN 6/10/69 P. 34
Next Tuesday night. Ch. 7
will televise a two-part program
entitled Two Approaches to
Black Identity, both segments
locally produced. It will again
pre-empt Thief as well as the
repeat of NYPD between 8:30
and 10 PM next week.
The first 90-minute segment
consists of seven films produced
by a movie-making workshop of
20 core city teen-agers, members
of the Downtown YWCA. The
second segment concerns ex
periences of black students at
State Universityof Buffalo.
CH. 17 runs a three-part edu
cational series, Americans From
Africa, Mondays, Tuesdays, and
Thursdays at 6:30 PM.

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                    <text>Black Students

CEX

4/10/69

PG. 27

Figures Disclosed

UB Grad Schools
List Few Negroes
There are 158 foreign students some- graduate departments was
but only one American Negro “meaningless and a sham.”
among the 528 graduate students She charged the school shirked
in the engineering department of its responsibilities by not admit
the Faculty of Engineering and ting black students in the fields of
Applied Sciences at the Uni engineering, natural sciences and
versity of Buffalo, according to health sciences.
university sources.
26, Dr. James A.
The Faculty of Engineering and On March
chairman of the Select
Applied Sciences has 12 de Moss,
Committee, said the university
partments including engineering, will
increase the number of black:
the School of Information and Li undergraduates
from the presence
brary Studies. Computer Science 420 to 700 by next
September. On
and Interdisciplinary Studies and the graduate level,
he added,
Research.
there should be an increase of 500
The American Negro student is students, or a rise from the pres
enrolled in the Dept. of Me ent 90 to 140 students.
chanical Engineering.
Other Enrollment Figures
90 Black Graduate Students
There are 25 Negro students in
There are 90 American Negroes the School of Education; 15 in the
among the 6,228 graduate stu School of Social Welfare; 8 in the
dents in all departments at UB. Faculty of Law and Juris
They make up 1.5 per cent of the prudence; 6 in the Dept. of
graduate student body. There are Mathematics: 5 in the English;
592 foreign graduate students, or Dept.; 4 each in the departments
9 per cent of the student body.
of Oral Biology and History; 3
Students from Canada, the Re each in Anthropology, Biology,
public of China (Taiwan), India Chemistry, Sociology and in the
and West Germany exceed the School of Nursing.
number of American Negroes in Two Negro students are in each
all educational levels of the uni of the departments of Drama andi
versity. About 76 foreign nations Speech, Industrial Relations, Li
arc represented on campus.
brary Science, Management and
About 510 American Negroes Political Science.
are enrolled in all levels of the
university — 420 of them as None in 30 Departments
undergraduates. Thus, 13 per cent In addition to the Faculty of
of the American Negro students Engineering and Applied Science,
there are 15 graduate school de
at UB are graduate students.
partments which each include one
Limited Number Elsewhere
black student.
The figures were compiled from According to records of the Se
records of the university’s Admis lect Committee, there are no Ne
sions and Records Dept., the Se gro students in 30 graduate school
lect Committee for Equal Oppor departments.
tunity and the UB Foreign Stu
There are about 22,134 students
dent directory.
enrolled at the university for the
Data tabulated from other 1963-1969 school year. Two percent
are American Negroes.
graduate departments also re
vealed a limited number of black
students.
The Faculty of Natural Sciences
has 609 students, including 125
foreigners and 12 Negroes. This
faculty is made up of the de
partments of Biology, Chemistry,
Geological Sciences, Mathematics
. Natural Sciences, Physics
and Astronomy and Statistics.
The Faculty of Health Sciences
has 366 students, including 83 for
eign students and about nine
black students. The Faculty of
Health Sciences comprises 15
departments and five professional
schools.
Charge by Build Official
The enrollment statistics were
sought after Mrs. Miriam Beale
education committee chairman of
the civil rights federation Build
charged the university's attempt
at admitting black students in

BEN 4/10/69 PG.43

UB to increase
Proportion of
Negroes in Fall
There are 6228 graduate
students at the State University
of Buffalo, of which 90—roughly
1.5 per cent — are American
Negro, a statistical breakdown
revealed today.
Negroes are outnumbered in
all educational levels at UB by
students from Canada, Taiwan
and India.
Though the bulk of the 6228
graduate students are from the
U. S., there are 592 foreign
graduate students, or 9 percent
of the total number of graduate
students.
Seventy-six
nations
are
represented on the UB campus
the figures showed.
There are 510 American
Negroes at UB, of which 18 per
cent are graduate students.
Interestingly, of the 528
graduate students in the Faculty
of Engineering and Applied
Sciences,
158
are
foreign
students and only one is an
American Negro.
The figures were compiled by
the Admissions and Records
Department, the Select Com­
mittee for Equal Opportunity
and the UB Foreign Student
directory.
They were put together after
Mrs. Miriam Beale, of the
education committee of BUILD,
a Buffalo civil rights organiza
tion, charged the university’s
attempt at admitting Negroes
into some graduate departments
was a “sham.”
UB hopes to increase the
figures next September.
It has plans to increase the
number of undergraduate blacks
from 420 to 700 and black
graduate students from 90 to
140.
The American Negro population
at UB is now about 2 percent
of the total student body.

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                    <text>State University of New York at Buffalo

News Service
For Additional Information Contact:

Department Of Information Services

Cheryl Hargesheimer
News Service

For Release: Immediately

Buffalo, N. Y. - Two Biafran literary artists, Chinua Achebe, a novelist, and

Gabriel Okara, a poet, will present a lecture and a reading at the State University at

Buffalo at 8:30 p. m. Tuesday (April 8) in Butler Auditorium of Capen Hall on the campus.
The program is being sponsored by the University's Department of English, and
American Studies and Black Studies Programs.

Messrs Achebe and Okara are beginning

a tour of the United States sponsored by the Committee for Biafran Artists and Writers

for distinguished Biafran literary artists.

Mr. Achebe was educated at Government College, Umahia and University College
Ibadan. He worked for the Nigerian Broadcasting Corporation from 1954 to 1967. His
major works include "Things Fall Apart" (1958), "No Longer at Ease," (I960), "Arrow

of God, " (1964) and "A Man of the People."
Mr. Okara has had his poems published in the United States, Sweden, Western Ger

many and Italy. In addition he has written short stories, film scripts and published a
novel, "The Voice" (1964). He is now working in the Biafra Information Office.

dv

4/4/69

2516

142 Winspear Ave. Buffalo. New York 14215 TEL.(716)831-2139

- 30 -

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                    <text>[illegible
Black Student Union]

Conference on

Black Arts
The purposes of this conference are to display and discuss the development of
cultural programs in the inner city, and to solicit support from University
faculty and students as well as indigenous community leaders. The following
is a basic outline of our program:

Tuesday, January 28

10 - 12

12-1

1-2
3:30 - 5
5-7
7-10

Panel discussion on "Black Community Art."
Conference theatre, Norton Union
Workshop on "Black Performing Arts"
Conference theatre, Norton Union
Open workshop.
Conference theatre, Norton Union
Dramatic presentation of Yeroi Jones’ "The Dutchman" by the African
Cultural Center. Donation - $1.00 minimum.
Open Jam session with Archie Shepp, Mel Brewer, and others. Free.
Haas Lounge, Norton Union
The Melnee Christian Workshop for the Performing Arts Presents:
the New Blacks. Donation - $1.00 minimum. Baird Hall

Wednesday, January 29
7-10 P.M.

Repeat performance of the dance troupe.

There will be a continuous showing of paintings and sculpture by the Masten
Community Workshop, Magnus Harrell, Ken Moody and Robert Sinclair. This will
be held in rooms 333-U, Norton Union.

Participating in the program are:
Edward Lawrence - African Cultural Center
Melnee Christian - Performing Arts Workshop, Westminster House
Edward Smith - African Cultural Center
Magnus Harrell - Masten Community Workshop
Archie Shepp - musician, Associate Director of EPIS
Mel Brewer - musician, C.A.O.
Ken Moody - artist
Robert Sinclair - artist
Murry Parsons - Black Students Union
Bill Austen - Black Arts Festival
Roosevelt Rhodes - Assistant Director of the Rendezvous Coffee House

Black people do have a culture — it has been labeled Soul!

mf
1/22/69

�</text>
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                    <text>[(illegible) 4/15/68]

Black Student

In our nation’s

*past*

the black man has been

oppressed &amp; exploited, because of his lack of unity,

awareness, Complacency,
non
flaws?

If not;

and indifference! Are these your

come out and show support to your race

and your country through /// The Black Student Association///
a-a

a small group of black students, on campus, who

are doing their part to solve -our- problem, which is
this nation’s problem.

!!

Don’t Hold Us Down!!

For details:

Look at the Black Student Association sign in
Norton Union (across from the candy counter).

Today

�</text>
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                    <text>State University of New York at Buffalo

News Service
For Additional Information Contact:

Department of Information Services

Gail McBride
News Service

For Release: On Receipt

Buffalo, N.Y. - An intensive, 10-week Total Orientation Program for
some 400 disadvantaged students who will be entering State University at Buffalo in
September will begin Saturday, July 12 at the University. It is being conducted by

the summer orientation committee of the Black Students Union.
The new students will be entering the University through regular admissions

and through several specialized programs: Experimental Program for Independent
Studies (E. P.I. S.), SEEK, Upward Bound and 100-Plus. They will be aided in the

Total Orientation Program by similar students who have spent a year at the Univer
sity as well as by faculty, administrators and outside community groups.
The Program will operate on a 7-day-a-week basis and each week will explore
different areas of concern to the incoming students.

"These students, many of whom have been out of school for long periods of
time, come from all walks of life and have little idea of what they will be confronted
with academically and administratively when they enter the University, ” said a
member of the planning committee for the orientation program.

"A number will face tremendous problems in adjusting to a university environ
ment which, at times, may seem hostile and confusing to them. Thus, members of
the Black Student Union feel that orientation is a necessity. They feel that a student

who is properly prepared and knows what it takes to graduate will be able to make a
positive contribution to society.”
The orientation will begin officially at 9 A. M. on Saturday, July 12 in Norton

- more 142 Winspear Ave. Buffalo, New York 14215 Tel.(716)831-2139

�-2Union with a conference entitled "Minority Students and the Community. ” Panel
discussions will be held with various student organizations and with community

groups such as BUILD, N.A.A.C.P., and East Side Community Workers. In

addition, Mr. Archie Shepp, jazz musician and director of arts and culture at the

University, will moderate a panel discussion.
On succeeding Saturdays, day-long sessions will be held on different topics

such as how the University and its various programs and departments are run,

career guidance, education, housing, financial aid and counseling. These will be
followed up during the week with small seminars. Academic workshops in various

skills such as English also will be held as well as tours of the University and of
community agencies.
Faculty Advisor and Coordinator of the Total Orientation Program is Mrs.

Carolyn Ball. Assistant coordinator is Mr. Roosevelt Rhodes. Planning committee
members are Albert Baxter, Mrs. Audrey Dennard, Paulette Grice, Hazel Morris,
Frances Nicholson, and Beverly Washington.

dv

7/10/69

2722

- 30 -

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Most of the material was issued on newsprint, and the material is now extremely fragile as a result of heavy use.&#13;
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                  <elementText elementTextId="1968253">
                    <text>Constitution of the Black Student Union
Article 1
Name - The name of this organization shall be the Black Student Union, hereinafter
referred to as B.S.U.
Article 2
Affiliation
The Black Student Union shall be affiliated with any organization seeking to advance and
uplift Blacks and other persons of color and humanity as a whole.
Article 3
Purpose
The Black Student Union goals and purposes are to:
A) To educate members and non-members on issues that has previously and presently
effect the black community
B) To increase understanding between different cultures with in the black community
C) To help increase self- knowledge and understanding
D) Keep members informed on issues that affect Blacks
E) Emphasize the existence and role of Blacks at the University at Buffalo.
F) Preserve and perpetuate Black Culture, dignity, and self-awareness.
G) Increasing admission of Blacks into the University at Buffalo
H) Attacking problems of Black Culture stemming from American society.
Article 4
Membership Requirement
Section 1
Membership shall be open to all part-time and full-time undergraduate, graduate students,
alumni, and faculty throughout the University at Buffalo.
Section 2
Active membership shall be obtained by:
A) Attending five (5) general or committee meetings per semester.
B) Voted in the Executive elections for the current Executive Board.
C) Voted in elections for enactment of constitution.
Section 3
Duties and Functions
A) To elect executive board members.
B) To approve or disapprove budget spending.
C) To attend and support B.S.U functions.
D) To initiate and vote in recall proceedings.
Section 4
Proof of Active membership:

�A) Will be provided by the Executive secretary
B) Must be presented at all voting procedures
C) Membership card
Article 5
Executive Authority
The executive authority shall be vested in the executive officers, which are the President,
Vice-President, Treasurer, Activities Coordinators, Publicity coordinators, Executive
secretary, and Historians
Section 1
Executive officers shall be elected as follows:
A) By a majority vote of active members in accordance with the Student Association
elections and credentials committee
B) Must be elected before May 1 st
C) Must have undergone the election process
Section 2
The Election process shall consist of the following:
A) Applicants must submit a 200-250 word essay (typed) stating why he/she wants to run
for Executive position
B) Must submit applications six weeks prior to election.
C) Must debate issues effecting the Black community
D) Petition- Must have at least twenty-five members signatures
E) Must be in good academic standing and must be able to prove so. Requirements- 2.0
Overall Grade Point Average
F) Must shadow current executive officers to become familiar with duties and
responsibilities of Executive Board.
G) Must be an active member
H) Must be nominated by at least one member.
Section 3 - A
Elections
A) Elections shall be held no earlier than March 20th and no later than May 1 st.
B) In order to conduct Elections 2/3 of membership must be present.
C) Elections can only take place if the Election and Credential Chair of the Student
Association is present.
D) If there are any vacant positions on the Executive Board after the first week in May,
then Elections must take place the following semester. No earlier than the last week of
September and no later than the first week of October.
Section 3 - B
Term
All officers will hold office for one year, unless recalled for improper conduct. (Article
9, Section 1)
Section 4
Officers and Responsibilities
1) President

�A) Shall have one vote on executive board.
B) Is required to be in the Black Student Union office at least 10 hours per week, none of
which can be later than 6 P.M. and no earlier than 8 A.M. and no less than three days per
week. Neither of which can be on Saturday or Sunday
C) Shall have the ultimate responsibility for the enforcement of the Constitution
D) Shall be the chief executive officer of the Black Student Union
E) Be the official representative of the Black Student Union both inside and outside the
University.
F) Shall have the power to call executive meetings whenever deemed necessary or asked
to do so by 2/3 or more members of the executive board.
G) Shall upon the creation of a vacancy in the executive committee, call an election to fill
in the vacancy within two weeks.
H) Shall preside over all executive meetings.
I) Shall be ultimately responsible for coordinating the activities of the executive body.
J) Shall not have the power to appoint executive board members, except in the case of
discernable emergency.
K) Shall serve as advisor of Black Student Union committees in the absence of the Vice
president.
2) Vice-President
A) Shall exercise one vote on the executive board
B) Is required to be in the Black Student Union office at least 10 hours per week, none of
which can be later than 6 P.M. and no earlier than 8 A.M. and no less than three days per
week. Neither of which can be on Saturday or Sunday
C) Shall in the absence of the President assume full responsibility of that office and
his/her own.
D) Shall upon the creation of a vacancy in the office of the president shall assume the
presidency and serve out the term in office and hold elections to fill the vice-presidency
with in two weeks.
E) Shall represent B.S.U on occasions designated by the president.
F) Shall assist the president in coordination of the operation of the executive body
G) Shall preside over all general membership meetings or designate another member of
the executive board to do so.
H) Shall act as chairperson and advisor of committee, and assume chairperson's duties if
vacant.
I) Shall upon the creation of any vacancy on executive board position assume full
responsibility of that position until elections are held to fill vacancy.
J) Shall be the official representative of the Black Student Union with in the University.
3) Executive Secretary (2)
A) Shall exercise one vote on the executive board
B) Is required to be in the Black Student Union office at least 10 hours per week, none of
which can be later than 6 P.M. and no earlier than 8a.m. and no less than two days per
week. Neither of which can be on Saturday or Sunday.

�C) Shall be responsible for recording all minutes of Executive meetings and General
meetings
D) Shall be responsible for reserving all campus and non-campus facilities for events and
meetings.
E) Must have all minutes available upon request.
F) Must attend all general meetings
G) Must keep record of all contracts with individuals and other organizations.
H) Must submit all minutes to editor of newsletter
4) Treasurer
A) Shall exercise one vote on the executive board.
B) Is required to be in the Black Student Union office at least 10 hours per week, none of
which can be later than 6 P.M. and no earlier than 8 A.M. and no less than three days per
week. Neither of which can be on Saturday or Sunday.
C) Shall be responsible for all business transactions of the Black Student Union along
with the President.
D) Shall withhold transactions that require approval of general membership and executive
staff.
E) Shall report financial status of The Black Student Union at all General meetings.
F) Shall ensure that the Black Student Union's funds are not mishandled and shall
investigate all mishandling of funds when necessary.
G) Shall report status of budget to newsletter staff and to membership.

5) Activities Coordinator (2)
A) Shall exercise one vote on executive board
B) Is required to be in the Black Student Union office at least 10 hours per week, none of
which can be later than 3 P.M. and no earlier than 8 A.M., and no less than three days per
week. Neither of which can be on Saturday or Sunday.
C) Shall be responsible for the negotiations and arrangements for all Black Student Union
functions and activities.
D) Shall be responsible for obtaining any permit, license, or official permission required
for all Black Student Union sponsored activities.
E) Must assist Treasurer and President in spending procedures for events.
F) Responsible for creating and submitting proposals and contracts with other clubs.
G) Must attend all general meetings and 2/3 committee meetings per semester.

6) Publicity Coordinator (2)
A) Shall exercise one vote on executive board.
B) Is required to be in the Black Student Union office at least 10 hours per week, none of
which can be later than 6 P.M. and no earlier than 8 A.M. and no less than three days per
week. Neither of which can be on Saturday or Sunday.
C) Must attend all General meetings and 2/3 committee meetings per semester.

�Executive Board members will appoint committee officers.
1) Committee Chair
A) Must report progress to Vice-President, and in the absence of the Vice-President must
report progress to president.
B) Shall keep record of all committee spending along with treasurer
C) Must in the absence of secretary take efficient minutes of committee meetings or
appoint another member of committee to do so.
D) Must attend one executive board meeting per month.
2) Committee Secretary
A) Must record efficient minutes and report them to executive secretary.
B) Must submit all proposals to executive board.
C) Must serve five office hours per week.
D) Must attend one executive meeting per month.
3) Historian
A) Must document all activities and report to executive historian.
B) Must serve five office hours per week.
C) Must attend one executive board meeting per month

Section 9
Mr. And Mrs. Black Student Union
1. Mr. And Mrs. Black Student Union shall hold office for one year.
A) Must facilitate one general meeting per semester
B) Must attend 2/3 committee meetings
C) Must coordinate and facilitate at least two community service projects
D) Must attend at least 1/3 executive board meetings per semester
* If none of the above requirements are filled, $500.00 must be returned to the Black
Student Union.
Article 6
Section 1
Advisors
A) Advisors must be elected by the majority of the executive board, and approved by the
majority of membership.
Section 2
Faculty Advisors
A) Must be a member of the State University at Buffalo Administration or Faculty.
B) Must serve as advisor for one academic year
C) Must attend at least 1/3 of committee meetings and 2/3 general meetings.
Section 3
Upperclass Advisors
A) Must be a Graduate student at the university at Buffalo.
B) Must be an undergraduate with at least junior status who has served on executive
board or Black Student Union committee.

�D) Will be responsible for maintaining and updating all information pertaining to the
Black Student Union.
E) Will be responsible for publicizing all events (media, newspaper, radio etc.)
F) Must make sure newsletter is complete and distributed.

7) Historian (2)
A) Shall have one vote on the executive board.
B) Is required to be in the Black Student Union office at least 10 hours per week, none of
which can be later than 6 P.M. and no earlier than 8 A.M.And no less than three days per
week, neither of which can be on Saturday or Sunday.
C) Must attend all events and will be responsible for maintaining pictures, audio, and
recordings of all events.
D) Must maintain the Black Student Union's library.
E) Must keep logs of all events
F) Shall present disseminating information relevant to our culture to membership at every
general meeting.

Section 5
Executive Requirements
A) Executive Board members must attend all general meetings.
B) Executive Board members must attend all executive meetings.
C) Executive Board members must meet all deadlines, given by chief executive officer.

Section 6
Executive Cabinet
The executive cabinet shall consist of six committees.
Their names shall be:
1) Black Men United
2) Black Women United
3) U.R.B.A.N. A.C.T. ( Us Reaching, Benefiting, Aiding, And Nurturing
A Community Together.)
4) Mr. And Mrs. Black Student Union
Section 7
Duties
All committees must:
A) Have at least two meetings per month
B) Must facilitate one general meeting per semester
C) Must hold at least two fundraisers per semester
D) Must serve at least five office hours per week, none on Saturdays or Sundays.
Section 8
Officers and Responsibilities

�C) Must serve as advisor for one academic year.
D) Must attend 1/3 of open executive board meetings, 2/3 of general meetings, and 1/3 of
committee meetings.
E) Must submit application and go through interview process.

Section 4
Duties
All official advisors must:
A) Act as investigators in recall proceedings.
B) Intervene during replacement elections.
C) Must participate and advise at least two community service projects.

Article 7
Meetings
Section 1
A) Executive meetings shall be held weekly each semester of academic year.
B) All executive meetings will be conducted through Robert's Rules of Order.
C) President shall have the power to call emergency executive meetings when deemed
necessary.
Section 2
A) General meetings shall be held twice a month.
B) The vice-president shall preside over all general meetings or designate another
member of the executive board to do so.
C) All required general meetings must provide:
Treasurer's report
All upcoming events and activities
Opportunity for active membership to initiate spending process, recall, or replacement
procedures.
D) The functions of all general meetings shall be to:
To elect executive board members
Propose and approve budget spending
Pass amendments to constitution by majority vote.
Initiate and vote in all recall procedures.
Discuss issues that affect the black community inside and outside the University.

Article 8
Quorum
A) In order to transact business there must be at least 2/3 members of executive board
present at executive meetings.
B) Must have at least 2/3 members present at general meetings to conduct business.
{Refer to Article 7, Section 2 c.}
Article 9

�Referendum And Recall

Section 1
A) A petition proposed by 1/3 of active membership must initiate recall of officers.
B) Petition Validity:
The charge that an officer has failed to invest sufficient time and effort into the duties of
the position.
The charge that an officer has failed in carrying out his/her duties.
The charge that an officer has committed illegal acts. (Embezzlement)
The charge that an officer has irresponsibly or immorally used the powers or privileges of
the position.
The charge that an officer has used, has attained, or currently holds the position
unconstitutionally is valid.
The charge that an officer has failed to meet three given deadlines and has not served
their office hours.
C) The official advisors shall investigate the charges to establish the validity of the claims
against the accused officers. Advisors must report their conclusions at the next required
general meeting following the recall initiation.
D) Immediately following the advisors reports a fifteen-minute debate to argue both
sides. An official advisor, who will allow each speaker to hold the floor for a maximum
of two minutes, will mediate this debate.
E) If quorum has been attained, a vote to remove the accused will be taken of the active
membership immediately after debate.
Section 2
A) If an officer resigns or is recalled from office, an election for the vacant position
should be held within four academic weeks of the date the vacancy becomes effective.
B) The Vice-President will assume the duties of the vacant office temporarily until a
permanent replacement is elected.
C) If the Vice Presidency is the vacant office, the President will assume the position
temporarily.
D) In the event of more than one vacancy at the same time, the official advisors must
intervene to conduct elections for the vacancies within four weeks.
Article 10
Spending Process
Section 1
A) All projects exceeding $1000.00 must be presented to General membership for
approval.
B) All proposals must be submitted in writing to the Executive Secretary for the approval
of General Membership and the Executive Board.
C) Proposals must include a detailed, itemized list that includes approximate costs, date of
execution, and expected profit.
D) Membership must be informed of all spending procedures regardless amount.

�Article 11
Amendments
Amendments to this constitution must be proposed in writing to the active membership
and the executive board at a required general meeting. The proposal must be accepted for
consideration by a majority vote of active members at the meeting. If proposal is
accepted for consideration, it must proceed as follows:
A) An election to amend constitution with the proposal shall be scheduled for the
following required general meeting.
B) A debate will ensue prior to voting.
C) Voting will occur, upon which only active members may take part in.

Article 12
By- Laws
This Constitution shall be supplemented with By-laws. These By-laws are solely to
specify and add clarity to procedures listed in this constitution. These By-laws Shall
not override or contradict any statements made in this constitution. Any ambiguity or
contradiction within these By-laws defers interpretation to the explicit wording of this
constitution.
Article 13
Ratification
A) This Constitution shall take effect the day after the election for its approval.
B) Current officers will remain in respective positions for the term under this constitution.
C) This Document shall be the official constitution of the Black Student Union.

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                    <text>Memo

To:

Assistant Director in Charge of Operations
Student Senate Office, Activities Committee

From:

William H. Siemering, Associate Coordinator
of Student Activities

Re:

Temporary Use of Norton Hall

Date:

April 12, 1968

I hereby grant permission to

SUNYAB Black Student Association

to use Norton Union facilities for a period of six weeks ending

May 24, 1968

with the assumption that during

this time the above-mentioned group will pursue recognition steps

through the appropriate offices.

This is the only time such

permission will be granted this group unless recognition is

attained and subsequently expires.

James A. Miller, English Dept.

The faculty advisor is:

Ext. 2317

Phone

The student organizers are:

Chairman:

William Austin, Tower Hall

Co-Chairman:
Secretary:

Ronald Freeman
Gail Wells, Michael Hall, 831-2862

William H. Siemering

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                    <text>Budget Request:

Black Student Union

for: Black Arts Conference

Ohio State University
Per
Person

Lane fare
( round trip)
Room

50.40

18.50

2 People
100.80

Total
100.80

37.00

(per day)
(7 days)

259.00

259.00

Food
(per day)

6.00

(7 days)

Registration

Misc.
(trans. to
&amp; from airport)

15.00
[Blank]

12.00

84,00

84.00

30.00

30.00

57.00

57.00

$ 530.80

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                    <text>[Draft]
President Ketter:

There are sins of omission and sins of commission.
Your hatchet men have committed while you have omitted.
You have turned your head while:

1.

Professor Gayles is terminated in Music
(yet Professor Halstead remains)
Professor Gayles cannot go.

2.

Professor David Banks is discriminated against and
denied tenure. He is eligible and has to get tenure.

3.

Mrs. Eddins was forced out of the School of Nursing.
She is being considered for an appointment full-time
in Black Studies. We students wish one extra line
for two courses:
"Halth Related Problems in the
Black Community," and Social Problems in the Black
Community." We need a minority line for this course
to be taught by her. We do not wish to use the line
vacated by James Miller for this purpose. We are
interviewing Afro-American males, with Ph.D's,to fill
James Miller's Faculty line. We demand an additional
line.

4.

Dr. Arthur Anderson was unduly eased out of the
Cooperative Community College. His elimination was
justified on some tremulous grounds of alleged errors.
(As if white administrators have not even unwisely
spent University funds. Somehow 'errors' are a
privilege of the Ruling white overlords.)

He was replaced by a female administrative assistant
yet Mrs. Arnold was considered ineligible for EPIS.
5.

Mrs. Arnold, who had acted as Director for EPIS was
shoved out under pretext that she was never officially
appointed (This, despite the fact that she had been
an efficient assistant to Mr. Peasant and had covered
the Program for over half of the semester with staff
and student support).

further:
Attempts have been made to harass Mrs. Arnold out
of her job, declare her inefficient, and to force her
off the Campus. Mrs. Arnold had greater credibility
or at least as much as Dr. Anderson's replacement
(or any other like administrative replacement in the
university). Mrs. Arnold cannot be forced out of the
university.

�6.

Mrs. Emma Reynolds was forced out of EPIS (for
whatever reasons) in such a manner that she is
ineligible for unemployment benefits. A termina
tion date, 4-6 weeks later would have avoided this
personal tragedy. Mrs. Reynolds was no less efficient
than the counsellors who left behind. The students
gained more from her than some who have been left
behind. Despite petitions there was no response to
students' requests for reconsideration of her.

Who will fall next by the "efficiency experts" hands?

What redress do you have for those abused during this
school year?

Further:
You have turned your head while:

A Black Pyramid is created on this dampus — a veritable
university within a university.
This Black Pyramid relieves you and the unyielding racest
faculties from having to truly integrate.

Rather than integrate with minorities there has been a
creation of a Black ghetto within the University system
with its new assistants to imperialistic bureaucracies
sanctioned and manipulated to manipulate us for the
Administration. We have seen this strategy of contain
ment before.
We are being tricked into taking unjust orders because
the messengers that bring them are of our own. We are
not satisfied with the token placement of Black faces
in either departments or administrative positions.

Lines of communication do not flow upwards in the minority
pyramid. Orders flow down through it from the white
overlords.
For these grievances we, the minority people, have cons
tituted ourselves as our own committee on minority affairs ad
vising you to address yourself to these problems.

Knowing the tactic of "setting up an advisory commission
to solve the crises among the natives;"

we, the minority

population at U.B. constituted ourselves as the Commission.

�We have decided to offer the solutions:
Administrative Structure

1.

Minority Students Office:
Set up a committee to review by the 15th of April, yearly,
the compliance of each Faculty and department within the
University to Office of Equal Opportunity guidelines.

The committee should.be composed of minority faculty
and students from the various segments of the university.
This committee shall be established by the minority faculty
and students and have four representatives on the Univer
sity wide compliance (or affirmative action) body.(Describ
ed under Office of Equal Opportunity, OEO)
Restructuring of Minority Programs Into One
Black Pyramid
We feel minority programs are being structured into a

segregationist concentration plan where the university appoints
oversears under the guise of efficiency to remove the sizeable
representation of minorities from the campus.

This plantation,

style operation is an evasion of integration.

Minority admini

strators are to be as accountable to the minority population

on this campus as are the white faculty and students.

White provosts, chairmen and representatives to the various
structures of power are voted upon or at least move up in the
structure through affirmation from their colleagues and cons
tituency.

However, the university insists on containing minorities
by imposing "white approved" administrators upon the minority

students and faculty.

�As of this day:
Minority Faculty by vote shall have determination on

candidates for administrative positions in all parallel
situations where white faculty vote for white administrators.

Candidates for top administrative posts, who are brought
in should be introduced to the minority faculty through at
least two weeks advanced review of vitae.

In interview ses

sions conducted with the administration, the minority faculty
will have 2/3 representatives and two students or be permit

ted to hold an interview separately.

An advisory decision will

be sent to the President from the minority faculty of the
minority student unions as a group advice after these inter

views.

Minority Student Welfare
1.

Orientation Program

Each year the Office of Minority Students Affairs with the
minority student unions (PODER, BSU and Indian Students Associa

tion) should have funds for a week long orientation program for
in-coming minority students.

(A)

Here there should be an input from the University
Placement Office to provide information on the long
range predictions on job opportunities and to familia
rize students with functioning of that office. This
would have to be conducted by minority and a white
officer from University Placement and a representa
tive from Minority Student Affairs Office. The
white officer should be of the senior staff in
Placement who have facts to offer.

�1.

Orientation Program (cont’d.)
(B)

Through the Minority Student Affairs Office and
Minority Students Associations, a series of work
shops to familiarize students with the departments,
their requirements, and the types of occupations
possible for graduates in each area.

Remediation
Relatively uncomplicated, less expensive and above all,

integrated remedial programs, which would be effective, could
be implemented through key departments.

1.

Remedial courses do not have to form a segregated
block within the university as if only minorities
need remediation.
The Department of English should attach a component
of minority faculty to give an intensive program
in Grammer Comprehension (not Black literature) and
speed reading. The student would be required to
take these two courses if his reading level fell be
low scores provided by a generally administered test
for Blacks and whites.

The University would be responsible for emphasising
that this be a quality grammar and comprehension
course.
During that semester, students would be
permitted to take one course less and have two-2 hour
sessions every other day for a total of six class
room hours per week. Students would be tested at
the end of the semester and be allowed to repeat
this course once without credit penalty.
If remediation is found necessary in natural sciences, then

mathematics and physical science departments s
hould serve these

functions in the manner that the English Department would do.
We object to being set off as intellectually incapacitated.
There are whites with disadvantaged backgrounds.

�A Tenure Review Committee:

for Minorities

Such a committee shall be established with two minority
representatives from the faculty within which minority candidate

comes; two advisory minority representatives from outside the
University of Buffalo who are established in the academic area

of the candidate, and any tenured, minority member of the
de
partment
from which the candidate comes.This
be
[The
constituted
group
committee
willinto
send
consultations with

its vote to the President.

If the departmental vote differs, then the Minority Tenure

Committee shall meet with the Departments Committee, the President,
and an officer from the Compliance Body discussed herein.
If there is a grievance then it passes into the compliance

office if not it return to the President for decision.

Grievances
A minority Grievance Board will be established through
elections by minority faculty and students. They may
hear separately minority grievances
and
will be represented at every proceeding by the main
university Grievance Body.

The list of members will change annually as elections
should be held annually.
There shall be a list of 12 members, [illegible] Blacks, 4 Puerto
Ricans, [il egible] Indians, [the representation of each group to be
determined in consultation with the Office of Equal Opportunity.]
For each hearing there should be a body of six. There
should be a representative from each group with one
faculty and one student, wherever such faculty are
available. At least two faculty should always be pre
sent in the group of six.

They may hear minority student grievances and faculty
grievances. On faculty grievances Faculty representation
should be at least 2/3 of the group vice-versa for stu
dents.

�The Faculty Senate
The structure of the Faculty Senate demanding representa

tives by intent or oversight excludes representation from

[illegible] minority components.

A minority faculty from each

Faculty shall be present in the faculty Senate (specifically
Blacks, Indians and Puerto Ricans)

Curriculum Review Committees of Faculties

Since Puerto Rican Studies and Black Studies Faculty

are not justly represented on. these committees.

We are stat

ing that this is discriminatory.
It allows traditional departments to vote on courses

clearly duplicating the content of these Programs and also

does not allow for supportive discussion for courses coming
from these components.

The university knew these faculty were

not group to be [illegible] tenured when they were admitted.

There

fore, non-tenure is not justification.
In any event under any circumstances the Curriculum Review

Committees shall have a minority voice (i.e., Black, Puerto
Rican and Indians).

�University Services
University Placement
This office has been approached and have given the usually
"liberal run-around."
We need two minority placement officers as of this budget

year who are experienced with the nature of job market.

Housing
If there is racial conflicts in the dorms, why has this

been hidden from the public?
A committee of minority students and Black faculty should

be set up to investigate the problem and offer solutions.

This

committee should be among names submitted to you by the Black
students and faculty.

In the same manner that Search Committees

are established.
Beyond this we wish to have a written commitment from

the university ensuring housing for minorities in the new

university complex.
Amherst Site
The university is being asked to state in writing unequivo
cally, where it plans to locate Black Studies, Puerto Rican

Studies and EPIS on the new site.
Black Studies Department include

(A)

African Studies in essentially white controlled turf.

(B)

will expand into a Caribbean Studies component.

(C)

will be allowed to develop an inter-disciplinary
graduate program.

�</text>
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                    <text>Black Student Union
Executive Board
Roosevelt Rhodes

Chairman of the Board

Mary Harley

Secretary

Karen Asbury

Treasurer

Steve Porter

High School Affairs Coordinator

Bruce A. Brice

Campus Affairs Coordinator

Charles Aughtry

Community Affairs Coordinator

Griffin Nettles

Newspaper

Sacared Bodison

Communications Committee Chairman

Mose R. Rayford

Assistant Communications Chairman

April Gadley

Cultural Affairs Chairman

Jim Miller

Faculty Advisor

Gwenn Weaver

Assistant Secretary

�</text>
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                    <text>Oliver speaks on decision to
step down as BSU president
Oliver says e-board
unanimously voted he
had not fulfilled his
duties
Gabriela Julia
Managing Editor
Last semester, Micah Oliver got the sense
that people thought his name and the Black
Student Union (BSU) were synonymous. At
that point, he knew a distinction needed to
be made.
Oliver, a senior business and internation
al studies major, resigned as BSU president
on Dec. 9, just five days after BSU’s execu
tive board unanimously voted that he had
not carried out the duties and responsibili
ties as president, according to Oliver.
Oliver spoke to The Spectrum about his
resignation after delaying comment origi
nally.
Although the vote did not mean Oliver
had to resign, he felt it was best.
"A part of the resignation was that there
were differences in strategies and approach
es in how the organization] would pursue
its goals,” he said. “But that’s the essence
of student organizations. We’re all grow
ing and learning. Unfortunately, I just don’t
think my leadership in particular is what the
executive board wanted.”
In his letter of resignation, Oliver wrote,
“I am not able to fathom this unfavorable
evaluation, nor am I able to recollect a time
when I was given adequate feedback, con
structive criticism or an opportunity to im
prove upon any areas of concern.”
The BSU e-board denied comment re
garding Oliver’s comments, but new Presi
dent Deidree Golbuorne told The Spectrum
last week that Oliver stepping down was an
“internal change” that wouldn’t affect fu
ture club events. Golbuorne has stepped
into the role of president and Samirra Felix
was elected vice president on Feb. 1.
Oliver emphasized that although his res
ignation is unfortunate, it is not the first
time a student has decided to step down
from an organization.
Tiffany Vera, former BSU secretary,

Kainan Guo, The Spectrum

Micah Oliver, former Black Student Union president, stands in Jacobs Management Center.
Oliver resigned from BSU on Dec. 9 after the executive board voted he did not carry out
his duties as president.

signed two days after Oliver.
re
In Vera’s letter of resignation, she wrote,
“I am not confident that the organization
will follow through with the progress and
the level of professionalism that the former
president [Oliver] personified.”
Vera said she opened herself to direct criti
cism with the e-board regarding her duties as
secretary. Two out of the 13 e-board mem
bers directly contacted her, but other than
that, she said all she received was either “pas
sive aggressive feedback or indirect contact.”
Kevin Appiah-Kubi, BSU’s former his
torian who resigned on Oct. 14 due to cir
cumstances outside of BSU, said he was
shocked when he heard news of Oliver and
Vera’s resignations.
“Micah was a respectable president and
made the club have more visibility,” he said.
Unlike Vera, Appiah-Kubi said he be
lieves the new e-board has “everything un
der control” and he has no hard feelings to
ward any of the members.
Oliver said he did not know the vice pres
ident election would be held on Feb. 1. Al
though he does not expect to be a part of
the rearranging of the e-board, he said he
wished he could have used the election as
an opportunity to address his resignation to
the general body.
But Oliver is not completely done with

BSU. He still plans on attending events and
meetings as any other undergraduate student.
“I’m a student like anyone else is a stu
dent and this is a decision that I made for
my academic career and I just ask that it be
respected,” he said.
BSU president hasn’t been the only job
Oliver has taken on.
He is also a community assistant in Cam
pus Living, a UB 101 peer mentor and an un
dergraduate research assistant in the commu
nication department. He is also the Studentw
ide Judiciary chief justice and formerly part
of UB’s Division 1 track and field program.
Oliver is also actively involved in the Of
fice of the President and the Office of Eq
uity, Diversion and Inclusion.
“But my busy schedule has no effect on
my resignation,” he said. “It didn’t deter me
and it didn’t play a role in my final decision.”
Beth Del Genio, chief of staff to the
president, worked closely with Oliver in cre
ating educational-based programs around
equity, inclusion and diversity for the new
general education requirements along with
a College of Arts and Sciences policy re
garding campus art installations.
Continued On Page 2

�Oliver speaks on decision to
step down as BSU president
Continued From Page 1

“As a student leader, he was always well-pre
pared for discussion and encouraged open-dia
logue among university leadership and student
leadership,” Del Genio said in an email.
Oliver said he has always emphasized the
importance of the members’ education in
every e-board meeting. He also said some
people might not realize how important his
family is to him.
“I pride myself in being a good brother
and son, and last semester I lost myself in all
of that,” he said. “I look forward to having
more time to enjoy my family and friends
beyond college and boardroom meetings.”
Oliver said he’s appreciative of the re
lationships he’s developed throughout his

time as president. E-board members, UB
faculty and staff have played a large role in
handling last semester’s incidents — such as
the “White Only” and “Black Only” signs,
the open forum and the protest at President
Satish Tripathi’s annual address.
Vera said that despite her experience on
the e-board, she has “immense amount of
love and respect” for BSU.
Oliver said he would challenge members to
pursue the principle goals of the organization.
“I hope that one day, black students across
the country will choose to go to UB because
they see how active BSU has been on this cam
pus,” he said. “That would make me proud.”
email: gabriela.julia@ubspectrum.com

Kainan Guo, The Spectrum

Oliver said he’s appreciative of the relationships he's made during his time as president and
plans to attend BSU meetings and events as any other undergraduate student.

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Former VP Golbourne steps into presidential role of SA's largest club

Kainan Guo, The Spectrum

Black Student Union President Micah Oliver speaks at the open forum held on Sept. 23
about the controversial "White Only" and "Black Only" signs.

Tori Roseman
Senior Features Editor
Micah Oliver has resigned from his position
as Black Student Union (BSU) president.
Deidree Golbourne, formerly BSU’s vice
president, has stepped into the role of presi
dent and on Monday night, BSU unanimous
ly elected Samirra Felix as its new vice pres
ident, causing a major shakeup in the execu
tive board of the club with the largest budget
in the Student Association.
Oliver declined comment about why he
left left his position, but did say he would
eventually be open to speaking to The

Spec
trum.
Golbourne, a junior history major, said
the shakeup would not affect BSU’s plans
for the semester, including events like Black
Explosion and Black Ice.
“It’s an internal change that won’t impact
any events we’re holding,” Golbourne said.
Oliver, a senior business major, and BSU
were particularly active on campus last se
mester after the “White Only” art project
controversy. The organization held open
forums to discuss the signs, issued a public
statement, protested President Satish Tripa
thi’s annual address and, along with other
campus organizations, met with university

leaders about a potential policy on display
ing art in public spaces on campus.
Toward the end of the last semester, Ol
iver received what university officials called
a racist and discriminatory letter, accus
ing BSU and other organizations, like the
NAACP, of being racist. Oliver told The Spec
trum at that time that he’s made himself “in
tentionally accessible for things like this be
cause that has been BSU’s strategy for mak
ing the progress that we have this semester.”
Felix, sophomore geological sciences ma
jor, ran unopposed in a closed election for
vice president in which she was given time to
make a speech and take questions from mem
bers of the e-board and general body.
SA Vice President Sean Kaczmarek said
clubs have their own guidelines for han
dling e-board elections and members re
signing, and that the policy should be out
lined in their constitutions.
Felix previously served as activities chair
for the organization and felt that she had
what it takes to move up to vice president.
“I have a thorough understanding of ev
ery position on the e-board and I know that
my team members need improvement as
well where I need mine, and I believe that’s
what makes me a great candidate for the
vice president position,” Felix said.
The e-board as a whole is confident in
its ability to juggle the responsibilities that
come with such a large organization.
“We’re realistic as an executive board and
remember that we’re students ourselves,”
Golbourne said.

Continued On Page 6

�BSU President Micah Oliver resigns
Continued From Page 1

"We know that sometimes we need outside
help and we want to strive to succeed as do
other organizations. We lean on other orga
nizations and they lean on us, I think that
camaraderie is something that’s necessary
between all of the organizations. Even with
in our own organization we lean on each
other. We don’t always agree, and that’s nec
essary sometimes.”
Golbourne didn’t want to speak much
on Black Explosion, since BSU strategi
cally releases information about the annu
al culture and fashion show event over time
to increase interest and excite the audience.
The event has been in the works for many
months involving multiple other organiza
tions that put the event together.
Historian Chynna Brown, a sophomore

nursing major, is particularly excited about
her posts for BSU for Black History Month.
Every day of February, she will make three
separate posts on all of BSU’s social media
pages with information about black leaders,
history and other interesting facts.
Other events they plan to attend and host
are leadership conferences in order to become
more involved in the Buffalo community.
The BSU holds general body meetings on
Wednesdays at 5 P.M. in the Student Union.
It works closely with other organizations in
cluding the Caribbean Student Association
and the African Student Association in or
der to plan events. In addition to meetings,
the group hosts regular events for both their
members and the general student population.
email: features@ubspectrum.com

Tori Roseman, The Spectrum

The e-board of BSU (from left to right: Jason Hamlet, Jalyssa Gordon, Randy Ollivierre,
Deidree Golbourne, Leslie Veloz, Chynna Brown, Samirra Felix, James Battle, Alexandra
Louigarde) prepares for the upcoming semester which is full of events for both general
body members and the undergraduate population.

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                    <text>UPD investigates 'racist and discriminatory’
letter sent to BSU president

Oliver believes letter is response to "progress’BSU has made on campus
Gabriela Julia
Senior News Editor

University Police is investigating a “rac
ist and discriminatory” letter sent to Black
Student Union President Micah Oliver on
Thursday.
The letter uses racial slurs and accuses
several organizations, like the NAACP and
the Black Lives Matters movement, of be
ing racist. Although UPD says the letter
does not pose a direct threat to Oliver, it
has run a number of assessments regard
ing the text of the letter, fingerprints and
the physical letter itself. And as a precau
tion and per protocol, UB has shared the
letter with the Federal Bureau of

Investi (FBI).
gation
“The sending of the letter is not a crime
under NYS [New York State] law,” said
UB Spokesperson John Della Contrada in
an email. “However, racist and discrimina
tory behaviors or conduct have no place at
the University at Buffalo and will not be
tolerated.”
The letter, though mailed to Oliver, ad
dresses the University of Missouri board
of trustees and was sent from an O’Fallon,
Missouri address. The letter is signed with
the name Richard Ganter, but UPD said it
could not trace the letter back to that name.
UPD has been in contact with University
of Missouri Police and O’Fallon Police.
Oliver and UPD believe this exact letter

Kainan Guo, The Spectrum

BSU President Micah Oliver received a
letter Thursday containing racial slurs and
accusing co/ored organizations of being
racist. Oliver believes the letter is a result
of the progress BSU has made on campus
this semester..

was sent to numerous organizations be
cause of the address that was used and er
rors within the text. Oliver said the sender’s
motive may have been to “shake up” BSU.
“I’ve been very active in the public and
with students, maybe on a level that most
BSU presidents haven’t been,” Oliver said.
Continued On Page 6

�UPD investigates ‘racist and
discriminatory’ letter sent to
BSU president

Kainan Guo, The Spectrum

Black Student Union members protest
President Satish Tripathi’s annual
State of the University address in
October. BSU President Micah Oliver
believes the letter was sent to him
and BSU in part because of the
actions BSU has taken this semester
in light of the "White Only" art project.

Continued From Page 1

“So I’ve made myself intentionally acces
sible for things like this because that has
been BSU’s strategy for making the prog
ress that we have this semester.”
Since the “White Only” art project con
troversy in September, BSU has held an
open forum to discuss diversity on cam
pus and the university’s policies regard
ing the project, as well as a peaceful pro
test at President Satish Tripathi’s annual
State of the University address. The orga
nization also staged a walkout in support
of the black students at the University of
Missouri after racial tension sparked pro
tests there last month.
“[BSU has] kind of set a new standard
for student associations at this university,”
Oliver said. “But what comes with embark
ing on new territory are new challenges as
well and that’s what we’re seeing.”
The letter was originally sent to Capen
Hall, as that was where it was addressed. It
was then sent to the Student Association
office because the letter was addressed to
“Micah Oliver President Black Student As
sociation.” Mark Sorel, SA administration
director, opened the letter and called Oli
ver to the office to explain the content of
the letter.
“I think it was responsible that they
called me and told me they had opened the
letter although my name was on it,” Oliver
said. “I take no offense to that.”
Oliver said he chose not to read the let
ter Thursday and opened it Friday.
According to Della Contrada, UPD was
notified Thursday and started an investi
gation immediately. Deputy Chief of Po
lice Joshua Sticht and Investigator Timothy

Thompson reached out to Oliver, who was
given the case number that night to check
the progress of the case at any time.
Della Contrada said UB will respond
promptly to protect the safety and well-be
ing of the entire campus when “acts moti
vated by hatred, discrimination or bias oc
cur.”
“Diversity, inclusion and mutual respect
are strongly held values of our universi
ty,” Della Contrada said. “We are commit
ted to upholding these values at all times
so that everyone in the UB community can
study, teach, work and conduct research in
an environment free of discrimination and
bias.”
Oliver said his next step after reading
the letter was to “be transparent” with the
general student body. He said it felt right
to share the letter and it was not an effort
to “be progressive” or receive any person
al satisfaction.
BSU posted the letter on social media
and people immediately responded and
reached out to Oliver concerned for his
safety.
But Oliver said he’s never felt unsafe at
UB and has never felt the need to request
special accommodations. He said UPD
and SA’s first concern was his safety when
the letter was brought to their attention.
“I have been comfortable and I’ve felt
very normal through this experience,” Ol
iver said. “And I hope it’s not because I’ve
become desensitized to these things but
because I am confident in my safety on this
campus.”
He said that when speaking to other
news outlets across the country regarding
the letter, he realized there are other or
ganizations similar to BSU that received a
similar letter.
Oliver said he wants all students who
want to feel welcomed and included at UB,
to recognize that this letter is a “societal re
sponse” to the work BSU and other stu
dents on campus have done to create an in
clusive environment.
email: news@ubspectrum.com

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                    <text>A show of solidarity
Black Student Union
stages walkout to show
support for University of
Missouri students

Marlee Tuskes
News Editor

Donned in all black attire, the Black Stu
dent Union (BSU) and other students stood
in the rain Thursday afternoon in a show of
support for black students at the Universi
ty of Missouri.
BSU posted a request on social media for
students to wear all black and join them in a
walkout at 3 P.M. Thursday. After the walkout,
approximately 60 students stood in
front of the Student Union to have a dis
cussion about the racial incidents that oc
curred recently at the University of Mis
souri.
Deidree Golbourne, BSU vice president
and a junior African American studies major,
addressed the group by saying how proud
she was with the amount of students who
stood out in the rain to show their support.
“Solidarity is necessary,” Golbourne said
to the students who were huddled under
umbrellas.
The University of Missouri’s president,
Tim Wolfe, stepped down earlier this week.
Members of the group Concerned Stu
dent 1950 pushed for Wolfe’s resignation,
saying he did not properly handle the racist
acts that were occurring on the campus, like
black students being called the N-word and
a swastika being drawn on residence halls.
Graduate student Jordan Butler, a mem
ber of Concerned Student 1950, went on a
hunger strike stating he would not eat until
Wolfe resigned.

Member of the university’s football team
also said they would not play their sched
uled game against BYU - which would have
resulted in a forfeit and cost the school at
least $1 million in fines - until Wolfe an
nounced his resignation as university pres
ident.
“We don’t know the people at the Univer
sity of Missouri but we know their pain,”
Golbourne said.
UB has been dealing with its own ques
tions about race this semester after graduate
fine arts student Ashley Powell hung signs
around campus reading “White Only” and
“Black Only.” BSU and other student orga
nizations have been waiting for an official
university response and possible new poli
cy concerning the project since September.
UB students are just a few of the many
students showing their support for the Mis
souri students.
Smith College, located in Massachusetts,
had about 100 students demonstrate to
show solidarity for both the University of
Missouri and Ithaca College. On Wednesday,

students at Ithaca College demanded
their school’s president, Tom Rochon, re
signs after his lack of response to racial in
sensitivity on campus.
Yale University is also experiencing ra
cial tension after the Sigma Alpha Epsilon
fraternity allegedly did not allow black stu
dents into a party on Halloween. A student
reported hearing a member of the fraternity
say “white girls only.” The fraternity denies
the incident occurred.
A 19-year-old Northwest Missouri student
was charged Wednesday for posts he made
on Yik Yak threatening to shoot black stu
dents on University of Missouri’s campus.
Last week, during BSU’s Black Solidarity
Day, several racist posts were made on the
social media app Yik Yak, an app that al
lows anonymous posts and is filtered based
on location.
Golbourne said the posts were not sur
prising because racism is an issue students
deal with at UB.
Golbourne and other members of the
BSU said the main takeaway the organization

Gabriela Julia, The Spectrum

Students wear all black and stand in the
rain outside the Student Union Thursday
afternoon to show support for the black
students facing racial tension at the
University of Missouri.

wants is for students to form a sense
of solidarity. One member encouraged the
group to say hello to one another when they
pass each other in the halls on campus, even
if they do not know one another personally.
During the demonstration, Golbourne
said BSU is like a family and it gives stu
dents an opportunity for their voices to be
heard.
“This is your home away from home,”
she said to the group. “Just know we are
here for you ... We are your brothers. We
are your sisters.”
email: news@ubspectrum.com

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                    <text>Pressure mounts for UB to take
stance on ‘White Only’ art project
Brain Windschitl
Senior Arts Editor

Tension between students, faculty
and administration still ongoing

Ashley Powell received an 'A’ on her “White
Only, Black Only” art project.
And that’s not the only support the gradu
ate fine arts student has received from UB’s
Department of Arts, whose faculty say the
controversial work is exactly what art is sup
posed to be: provocative.
But student leaders and even some UB offi
cials tell a different story: That Powell’s work
was traumatizing and the university must cre
ate a policy so students know what is accept
able art and what crosses the line.
Nearly two months after the incident in
which Powell hung signs reading “White
Only” and “Black Only” around campus
bathrooms, benches and water fountains for a
class project, tensions and discussions are still
resonating across the UB community.
Some students, especially leaders of the
Black Student Union (BSU), are calling for
repercussions against Powell and the arts
partment as well as for UB to create a pol
de
icy on public art. The arts department has
been in full support of Powell and her work.
UB administration, caught between the two
groups, is trying to find some sort of balance
with a policy that would set clear guidelines
on expressive art.
But now, months after Powell hung the
signs, UB administration and the arts depart
ment have yet to announce a decision about
future policies or officially answer the ques
tions Powell’s project raised.
What is the line between creative freedom
for artists and the rights of minorities on
campus?
Did Powell’s project cross that line — as
some students believe - or did it not?
Can students post anything they want in the
public space of a university regardless of the
hurt it causes others or the historical weight
of words and symbols?
A policy committee in the College of Arts
and Sciences is still reviewing the incident as
leaders from the UB administration, the arts
department and student organizations plan to
meet again this month. But with students de
manding answers, pressure is mounting for
the university to take an official stance.
Leaders on all sides remain far apart in how
they view Powell’s project.
Jonathan Katz, the arts department chair,
says despite the publicity and ongoing frus
tration among students — particularly

Art isn't something that is supposed to make
everyone feel great or always make people
feel happy - ifyou can make someone feel
uncomfortable, ifyou can make people think
about something after looking at your piece, then
you did a good thing.
Ashley Powell

There must be a policy on the campus. The arts
department can come up with a policy that ifyou
are doing any kind of experiment, you register
yourself with the art department.
President Satish Tripathi

Regardless of what school it is, that department
needs to be responsible because of the fallout
and because of the negative impact - the horrible
impact - it made on students and
on this campus, on a whole.
BSU President Micah Oliver

mem of BSU — there is no need for the arts
bers
department to release a public statement
because “an art department stands for the
freedom of expression.”
That alone, he said, should be under
stood as the “official” response of the arts
department.
“We want our students to take positions
that are at the far edge of what is consid
ered the social norm,” he said.
Katz said he wasn’t surprised by the stu
dent reaction to the project, but that many
in the arts department faculty were “in
credulous that people don’t understand
that this work is anti-racist.” He said he’s
“shocked” to see what he considers a lack
of understanding about what art is.
“I think, frankly, [the project] became a
cause celeb for a range of real, genuine social
and cultural unrests around racism in Ameri
ca, not least, Black Lives Matter — all of which
fed the work in the first place,” Katz said.
Katz, who also heads the fine arts Ph.D
program, said the incendiary reaction to
the project was natural because it’s what the
work was trying to accomplish in the first
place. Katz said he has received furious
emails from black students, as well as furi
ous emails from racists claiming the project
was race-baiting and creating a race war.
“You have black students saying this
hurt me, and you’ve got racists saying this
hurt me,” Katz said. “That ought to tell
you this is doing the right thing.”
Powell, who is black and was trying to show
her own suffering from racism and create a
discussion with the signs, said that if it weren’t
for the overwhelming support from the arts
faculty, she would have buckled under the an
ger she faced from the UB community.
“All of them supported me, they were
emailing me: ‘This is what great art does,’
‘This is the purpose of art, don’t back
down,”’ she said. “Art isn’t something that
is supposed to make everyone feel great
or always make people feel happy — if you
can make someone feel uncomfortable, if
you can make people think about some
thing after looking at your piece, then you
did a good thing.”
Powell did the project for her Installa
tion in Urban Spaces class. Warren Quigley,
the professor of the class, declined to speak
with The Spectrum for this story and he has
not commented publicly about the project
or the class since the controversy began.
Continued On Page 2

Brian Windschitl, The Spectrum

Kainan Guo, The Spectrum

(Top) Ashley Powell, who has received both criticism
and support for her “White Only, Black Only" art
project, sits in her art studio in the Center for the Arts.

(Left) Protestors from the Black Student Union protest
President Satish Tripathi’s State of the University Address.

Kainan Guo, The Spectrum

(Right) Tripathi says UB must have a policy for
displaying art in public spaces on campus.

�Pressure mounts for UB to take
stance on ‘White Only’ art project
You have black students saying this hurt me, and
you've got racists saying this hurt me. That ought to
tell you this is doing the right thing.
Jonathan Katz,
Chair Of The Arts Department

Kainan Guo, The Spectrum

BSU President Micah Oliver, who demands UB take a stance on the project, speaks at an
open forum about the issue in September.
Continued From Page 1

Katz said he reached out to Powell im
mediately when students voiced strong feel
ings about the project and has met with
her several times since. Even faculty mem
bers from other departments have support
ed Powell. Ana Grujic, an instructor in the
composition program run through the Eng
lish department, helped Powell write her of
ficial project statement.
President Satish Tripathi, in a sit down in
terview with The Spectrum last week, said UB
needs a policy concerning works of art in
public places - and that art projects need to
be labeled as such.
“Arts are going to be controversial,” he
said. “But when it’s put on the wall, one
should say that this is art. So there must be a

policy on the campus. The arts department
can come up with a policy that if you are
doing any kind of experiment, you register
yourself with the art department.”
Tripathi has faced continued pressure
from BSU for UB to create a policy. BSU
protested Tripathi’s annual address last
month, demanding answers about the proj
ect. The student organization has also held
meetings with university leaders. BSU has
asked the university to create a clear policy
for future art projects, as well as reprimand
Powell and the arts department.
Tripathi said UB cannot punish Powell
because she did not break any rule in the
Student Code of Conduct.
BSU President Micah Oliver said that the
university and the arts department should

show more responsibility for their students.
“As an individual, I think the art depart
ment should be held accountable because
the implications of the project were under
the art department’s watch,” he said. “Re
gardless of what school it is, that depart
ment needs to be responsible because of
the fallout and because of the negative im
pact — the horrible impact — it made on stu
dents and on this campus, on a whole.”
Oliver, who is also the chief justice of the
Student-Wide Judiciary, said the most dis
appointing thing about the university re
sponse to the “White Only, Black Only”
project was that “the institution that I love
has done something to me in a very nega
tive way.”
“The art department is a part of UB and I love UB. The most disappointing part
of the university not responding is that I
thought better of the university itself,” Ol
iver said.
Oliver said the responsibility ultimate
ly comes down to the arts department that
oversees students’ works of art, like Pow
ell’s.
“This happened under a university-sanc
tioned curriculum,” Oliver said. “And for

that reason, the department that houses,
produces and ensures that the curriculum is
taught and experienced by students must be
responsible, ultimately.”
Powell, caught in a place of student-driv
en anger and faculty support, is just trying
to maintain her own vision.
As an artist, Powell said having a set goal
— upending racism in society — is the most
inspirational and important part of keeping
her sane and keeping her driven.
Powell said the A’ on her “White Only,
Black Only” project didn’t really matter to
her. For her, the main indicator of success
isn’t the amount of negative feedback she
is receiving, rather the discussion about race
she has created and the support from the
arts faculty she has received.
According to Katz, a meeting between
Katz, Tripathi and Oliver to create an offi
cial statement and perhaps a new policy on
public art is set for sometime in mid-No
vember.
email: arts@ubspectrum.com

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                    <text>BSU makes it three in a row
against Phi Beta Sigma
Renwick Feagin
Spectrum Staff Writer

The responses were fun and the audience was enthusiastic as Geeks and
a non-Geek organization, the Black Student Union, came together in fun
for a friendly baskethilt game competition,
BSU won for the third consecutive time over Phi Beta Sigma in this
annual basketball competition by beating them 83-72, on April 24.
Rich Howe, BSU member and team player said “They’re (Phi Beta
Sigma) just like the (Buffalo) Bills, three limes and their out.”
After disposing of Phi Beta Sigma the BSU team lost to Kappa Alpha
Psi, 48-42.
“It was a well played game on both sides,” said Edward Craig, coach for
the BSU squad, “I just think our guards were well able to get out on the
break and create for the others more than the other team.”

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                    <text>New BSU executive board elected
Dinah M. Reese
Spectrum Staff Writer
There has been a changing of
the guard in the Black Student
Union leadership.
The results of the Black Stu
dent Union election for next
year’s executive board members
were released last Friday.
The winners of the executive
board seats are sophomore Lepo
ra Floumory as President, junior
Arnold Wadley (current presi
dent) as Vice President, sopho
more Roderigo Honeywell as
Treasurer, junior Garrett Willis as

Activities Coordinator, and fresh
man Cassandra Francique as Sec
retary.
At a BSU meeting last
Wednesday, the candidates deliv
ered very impressive campaign
speeches.
Wadley quoted from the citi
zen’s pledge of Athens, Greece in
his speech. He said what he felt
was his (as well as the rest of the
new executives’) duty as Vice
President “...to seek ...to trans
mit...the [organization] better if
not greater than what was trans
mitted to us...”
Flournory commented that her
main goal for next year is to

increase “unity among organiza
tions,” specifically the Caribbean
Student Association, PODER,
Asian American Student Union,
Native American People’s
Alliance, and the Hatian and
African Student Association.
Other members of the execu
tive board echoed concerns about
student unity. Francique said she
wants “African students on this
campus to be more aware of their
culture and heritage...to have
more unity.”
Inside... see profile of BSU’s
new president, page 3

�Flournory named BSU President

First female president since 1986
president, she replied, “I plan to accomplish a lot of
things. To name a few, I would like to expand the
Scholarship Program that I started into a ‘Big SisterLittle Sister’ program with Kensington High School.
Kensington is known as having the worst reputation
out of all the Buffalo high schools. I feel that the
Black Student Union can, in this situation, serve as
role models and encourage more students to attend
college.”
Flournory said she hopes to start an Annual
African-Core Alliance Conference.
“This Conference will consist of African Organi
zations all over the region,” she explained. “Not

Renwick P. Feagin
Spectrum Staff Writer

Not since 1986, when Cassandra Chase was in
office, has there been a female President of Black
Student Union. This trend has changed with the
newly
elected
Lepora
Flournory.
When asked how she feels about her new position,
Flournory replied, “I feel relatively the same. I have
always been an active participant in the Black Stu
dent Union. This position simply gives me a greater
opportunity to help stimulate the empowerment of
blakc students
here at UB.”
As BSU Activ
ities Coordinator,
Lepora Flournory
helped co-ordi
nate the High
School Scholar
ship Program and
Campfire Mentor
Day.
Flournory
explained, “The
idea is to serve as
a vehicle for the
community chil
dren, to give
them a positive
atmosphere and
positive
role
models for the
influence of posi
Lepora Flournory
tive goals.”
She also worked on Project Pride and guest lec
tures like Amiri Baraka, Sister Souljah and Lenora
Fulani.

Prosperous future
Regarding her new position, Flournory said, “Dur
ing my freshman year in 1991, I was very interested
in introducing new ideas to the organization. I
would also like to add structural improvements
which affects the overall production of the organiza
tion.”
When Flournory was asked to comment on the
fact that she will be “First Lady of BSU,” Flournory
replied, “Yes, the active male members of the Black
Student Union are very egalitarian. I have only
received total encouragement and support from
them.”
Robert Roache, BSU Executive Board Chairman,
said, “BSU will have probably the best year it has
had in a long time,” and added, “Lepora has been
the head of a lot of activities that we’ve had in the
past year and I think the change would be good for
BSU.”
BSU as role model
“I can see the Black Student Union moving
towards a greater political level, as well as being an
even louder voice on campus,” Flournory said.
When asked what she planned to accomplish as

Br
a
d
Edwar
d

s

T
h

"BSU will have probably the
best year it has had in a long
time. Lepora has been the
head of a lot of activities that
we’ve had in the past year
and I think the change would
be good for BSU."
Robert Roache
BSU Executive Board Chairman

e
Spectrum

only will it encourage unity nationally, but also
locally.”
“Above all of my goals, I would like to increase
the support of the student body,” Flournory said.
“Without them nothing could be accomplished.”

BSU members’ reactions
Ramses Duvivier, present vice president of BSU,
said, “Lepora has two years experience as an active
member of the Executive Board of BSU. Flournory
has all the qualifications and the skills necessary to
help BSU prosper in the future.”
He added, “I have worked along side of her and
I’ve seen her experience grow. I believe that her
motivation is an asset to our organization.”
Asiyah Grant said, “I feel that it’s about damn
time. Finally, a woman president that will do all
that the Black Student Union should be doing,” and
added, “You go girl!”
Miari Roberts, assistant activities coordinator,
said, “I feel that Lepora Flournory is a very strong
black woman with excellent workable ideas for both
the black community and BSU.”
Roberts also said, “Over the next year, I know that
she will propel that club to a higher level.”
BSU member Keasha Broderick said he believes
the BSU is heading in a positive direction. He said,
“Our newly elected President is a strong black
woman who goes out her way to keep her promis
es.”

�</text>
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                    <text>BSU and Phi Beta Sigma hopeful for rematch
total of 10 points. Gold
smith said he believes the players
who played that year weren’t
anyone that he had seen in a BSU
general meeting.
Regarding Brown’s and Gold
smith’s statements, Robert
Roache, BSU’s Extended Execu
tive Board Chairman replied, “In
regards to BSU grabbing players

results for BSU...again!”
Darren Dubose, dean of Phi
Beta Sigma local chapter, said
boldly, “We refuse to lose this
year; we’ve lost two years in a
Tomorrow, the two-year con
row already.”
secutive champion Black Student
Paul Henderson, BSU member
Union basketball team will go for
and team player, boasted, “It’s
three against the two-year consec
going to be the same as last year,”
utive losing team, Phi Beta Sigma
fraternity.
he said. “They lost badly; the
The rematch will
score indicated how
the game went. I,
hopefully take place
myself, contributed
if both
teams
"In order for them to win this
key shots in that bas
advance to the
finals again in this
ketball game which
Saturday
they
had
better
find
some
changed a tie in the
year’s annual bas
NBA players and dress them up.”
ketball competition.
game, last year. In
order for them to
The event will take
Paul Henderson win this Saturday
place in Clark Gym,
BSU member they had better find
South Campus, at 2
P.M. Refreshments
some NBA players
will be served.
and dress them up,”
said.
"I’ve grown wary of hearing the BSU Henderson
Settling a score
Clayton “Nastymembers talk like they can play
African” Steen, pres
Boastful remarks
ident
of Phi Beta
and
comments
with the Baddest Frat from east to
stemmed from both
Sigma Iota chapter,
west, in fact, everywhere...this year talked differently.
sides regarding Sat
“Being that this is
urday’s results.
my chapter will put an end to all this my
Lance Brown, Phi
last semester
confusion.”
Beta Sigma graduate
here at UB and I’ve
member, claims that
grown wary of hear
Clayton "Nasty-African" Steen ing the BSU mem
last year it (the
President bers talk like they
game) was a fair
Phi Beta Sigma lota chapter can play with the
game, but Phi Beta
Sigma wasn’t 100
Baddest Frat from
percent prepared.
east to west, in fact,
“This year, however, we’re better from anywhere, we had basket
everywhere... this year my chapter
prepared to meet the challenge,” ball team tryouts for our team, will put an end to all this confu
Brown confirmed. He added that and people came to us. We had a sion.”
BSU has an unfair advantage coach, a team captain and people
Conflict of interest?
because they can select any player to pick the players.”
Arnold Wadley, BSU president,
to represent them in the game
Martin Roache, Phi Beta Sigma
while Phi Beta Sigma can only said, “In regards to the BSU and member and BSU treasurer,
Phi Beta Sigma basketball compe
seems to be caught up in the
choose from a limited pool.
Duane Goldsmith, Phi Beta tition this Saturday, I’m confident dilemma of deciding whom to
Sigma secretary and team player, that the efforts in preparation by root for.
“Being that I’m a member of
reminisced on last year’s game, in the members of Phi Beta Sigma
which BSU beat them by a combined will continue to produce gratifying both BSU and Phi Beta Sigma,

Renwick Feagin
Spectrum Staff Writer

I’ll have to remain neutral. Only
I’ll know who I’ll be rooting for
this Saturday,” he said smiling.
A BSU member who wishes to
use the pseudonym “Soup” sees a
different outcome for this Saturday's

game. Soup claims that
“just like the last two games,
Blue Phi [Phi Beta Sigma] will
come up a loser once
again...they’re not big enough,
strong enough nor fast enough!”

�</text>
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            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="1879840">
                <text>&lt;a href="https://rightsstatements.org/page/CNE/1.0/"&gt;COPYRIGHT NOT EVALUATED&lt;/a&gt;. The copyright and related rights status of this Item has not been evaluated. Please refer to the organization that has made the Item available for more information. You are free to use this Item in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. This digital collection is made available for research and educational purposes. Researchers are responsible for determining copyright status, and securing permissions for use and publication of any material. Copyright for items in this collection may be held by the creators, their heirs, or assigns. Researchers are required to obtain written permission from copyright holders and the University Archives prior to reproducing or publishing materials, including images and quotations. For inquiries about reproduction requests and permissions, please contact the &lt;a href="http://library.buffalo.edu/archives/"&gt;University Archives&lt;/a&gt;. If you believe material in our digital collections infringes copyright or other rights, please review our &lt;a href="https://library.buffalo.edu/about/policies/information-use/notice-and-takedown-policy.html"&gt;Notice and Takedown Policy&lt;/a&gt; for information on how to report your concern.</text>
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                    <text>College Daze: Campfire youngsters were invited to spend a day at UB at the BSU-sponsored 'College Day'.

BSU’s ‘College Day’ gives youngsters
a crash course in University 101
Dinah M. Reese
Spectrum Staff Writer

The Black Student Union spon
sored its first annual “College
Day” last Tuesday.
Children from a Campfire orga
nization participated in the event.
They went on a tour of UB’s
North Campus and attended per
formances and a luncheon. This
group of about 15 youngsters had
never been to a college campus
before.
After their tour, the Campfire
kids went to a luncheon and
talked with UB students about
college life. BSU Extended

Executive Board Chair Robert
Roache said, “Right now the kids
are so impressionable that expo
sure to college life might make
them want to attend.”
Phi Beta Sigma and Kappa
Alpha Psi fraternities, the African
Dance Troupe, drummers from
the African Cultural Center and
the UB Gospel Choir provided
entertainment for the youngsters,
as well as a crowd of nearly 100
onlookers in the Student Union
lobby.
The children really enjoyed the
entertainment. Seven-year-old
Tasha Smith, a second grader at
#17 school, said, “The African
dancers were the best, and I want

to learn to dance like that.”
The African Dance Troupe was
accompanied by drummers from
the African Cultural Center.
Their performance was very
impressive and was appreciated
by the whole crowd.
Other children really liked the
campus. Jino Myles, a third
grader at St. Joseph’s Elemen
tary School, said, “I liked the
tour. We saw the libraries, the
gym, and I really liked the com
puters.”
Milosan Peete, a Campfire
organizer, said, “I hoped to give
the children new experiences and
encouragement through Campfire
experiences.”

Friday April 2, 1993 ♦ TheSpectrum 3

�</text>
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&#13;
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                    <text>Bra

d
Edwar
d

Th

e
Spectrum

Sporting The Traditional Look: BSU fashion show, 'Journey form the Motherland,' featured traditional African
garb, like above.

BSU journeys back to ‘Motherland’
Fashion, cultural show enraptures sold-out crowd
Everiste Ambris
Spectrum Staff Reporter

Theatrical performance and
entertainment was in high gear at
the Katharine Cornell Theatre
Sunday night for the Black Stu
dents Union’s annual cultural and
fashion show.
This year’s theme, “A Journey
from the Motherland,” gathered
black talents from UB and as far
as Rochester, where a young
group of five males engaged in an
a cappella from Boyz 2 Men.
They had the crowd screaming
for more.
Ramona Gore, who has hosted
many of the BSU’s cultural

events for years, did an excep
tional job in this year’s show.
The UB Gospel Choir’s introduc
tion song was the Negro National
Anthem, composed by James
Weldon Johnson.

Exploding audience
Jazz, another remnant of
African American culture, per
vaded the theater, as the Cats of
the Johnson Family Quartet
played for the capacity crowd.
The Cats accompanied Amber
Singletary as she sang, “My
funny Valentine.” Marcia Wright
followed with “Casanova
Brown.”
Members of the audience
exploded joyously as a “blast

from the past” was featured. Sev
enties’ fashions and dance were
featured. Students in this troupe
recaptured memories in their
“funky” dance and dress, with
three-piece suits, a pair of flaredoff bell bottom pants, platform
shoes and Afro wigs - for the
guys. Ladies wore a polyester
bell bottom jump suits with “ele
vator” shoes.
“BSU, even though it has gone
through turmoil this semester
concerning the president resign
ing, has shown us that without
leadership they can come together
and make a beautiful, extravagant
show,” said audience member
Carlisle Prochet.

�</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="1879842">
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  <item itemId="97717" public="1" featured="0">
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                    <text>Death of Malcolm X, call for increase
in African unity discussed at forum
Everiste Ambris
Spectrum Staff Reporter

A four-member panel reopened
the case of ‘Who Killed Malcolm
X’ at a forum last Wednesday and
suggested the assassin was the
“military industrial complex” of
the U.S. government.
Uhuru Muza and Changa
Lumumba, members of the All­
African People’s Revolutionary
Party,
Brother
Donald
Mohammed of the Nation of
Islam and Sabir Rasheed of the
Propagation of Islam led a two
and a half hour discussion of who
killed Malcolm X and why.
Possible ‘threat’?

The panelists expressed the
belief that the Central Intelligence
Agency and the Federal Bureau
of Investigation perceived Mal
colm as a “threat” because he
sought to unify and organize all
African people around the world,
similar to the plans of Marcus
Garvey and Nat Turner.
The panel explained that the

Islamic religion brought changes
to people’s lives rapidly through
out the world, and some thought
that America was not ready for
this transformation.
Lumumba called attention to “a
conscious and deliberate plan to
infiltrate black organizations and
destroy black leadership” imple
mented by the U.S. government.
According to Mohammed, the
National Association for the
Advancement of Colored People,
the Black Panther Party and Mal
colm were all targets of this
destruction by the FBI and the
CIA.
Muza added that Malcolm had
traveled to African countries such
as Ghana, Guinea and Tansania
and to Mecca, where he convert
ed to Orthodox Islam; thus, the
U.S. government was making an
effort to prevent the unity
between Africans in Africa and
those Africans in America.
Call for unity

“Although it is important to
find out who killed Malcolm X, if
we loved Malcolm X we should

not look for revenge but try and
continue what people like Mal
colm X and the honorable Marcus
Garvey were trying to do, which
was to come together in way of
organization and unity,” Muza
said.
“We are the minority in Ameri
ca,” he continued, “but the major
ity in the world. We need to des
perately make a contribution to
the masses of the people, get
organized as African people and
unite under one organization.
Whether Afro-American or AfroCaribbean, we are all Africans.”
“The death of Malcolm X is
something that America is con
fused about,” graduate student
Hanif Khalak said. “Understand
ing who killed him and why can
make clear what the sources of
racism and injustice are. The fact
that both the FBI, CIA and the
Nation of Islam were involved
demonstrates that this system dri
ves racist violence, and the Nation
of Islam was not a solution to this
violence, but a tool used.”
The forum was sponsored by
the Black Student Union.

�</text>
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&#13;
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&#13;
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                  <text>Use for educational purposes only. Single copies (print, photocopy, download) are permitted for personal study, research and teaching.</text>
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                  <text>Black Student Union (State University of New York at Buffalo)</text>
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                  <text>State University of New York at Buffalo. University Archives.</text>
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                <text>Death of Malcolm X, call for increase in African unity discussed at forum, February 26, 1993</text>
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                <text>Article from student newspaper The Spectrum, "Death of Malcolm X, call for increase in African unity discussed at forum" by Everiste Ambris, February 26, 1993.</text>
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                <text>The description and alternative text may have been partially generated using an AI tool and may contain errors or omissions. </text>
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            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
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                <text>Black Student Union (State University of New York at Buffalo)</text>
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                <text>1993-02-26</text>
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  <item itemId="97716" public="1" featured="0">
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                    <text>BSU elects new president
Julian Willock
Asst. Cultural Affairs Editor
Pledging to make the Black
Student Union more politically Muje
aware and to balance the social
with the academic, UB Junior
Arnold Wadley won a surprise
landslide victory last Wednesday. b
Wadley captured about 87 per
cent of the votes cast, according
to Election and Credentials Com Muqtadi
r
mittee Chairperson Rochelle
Th
Jackson.
The election was necessary e
after the former BSU president, Spectrum
James Minter, resigned late last
fall citing “personal circum
stances” as the reason.
Ramses Duvivier was acting
president up to Wednesday’s elec
tion, but according to the BSU
constitution, a new election is
needed if any member of the exec
utive board resigns. Wadley, an
Urban Studies major from Queens,
New York, edged out the two
other candidates for the position.
BSU currently has one of the
largest budgets of all Student
Association clubs, and the BSU
president holds one of the most
powerful positions on campus.
Wadley, who seems very
enthusiastic about his new chal
lenge, said, “I want to extend
BSU further into the community.”
Recently, BSU has come under

Arnold Wadley

criticism from some white stu
dents on campus calling for a
White Student Union. When
asked if he thinks BSU should be
open to white students, Wadley
responded very diplomatically
that BSU is open to all.
“All clubs should be open to every
student, and all students are welcome
at BSU once they are committed to
BSU’s agenda...we welcome any
help and any new talent.”
The new student leader insisted
that “BSU will maintain our
clearly specific goals, and I don’t
see inclusion affecting them.”

High praise
“I have known Arnold for a

long time now and have full con
fidence in his leadership ability,”
said Carlos Fletcher, secretary of
UB’s National Society of Black
Engineers. “I know he will do a
superb job.”
Maggalie Voltaire, former
Caribbean Student Association
vice president, echoed similar
sentiments. “I feel confident in
the new president because he
seems very eager, and from my
understanding, he is an organized
person.”
Minter praised the incoming
president by saying “he is com
mitted and has an acute under
standing of the cause of people of
color on this campus.”
Minter, who was well-respect
ed among other student leaders
during his term as president,
added, “Arnold will have no
problem gaining the respect from
BSU members.”
Robert Roache, the chair of
BSU’s extended executive board,
agreed with Minter and said,
“Arnold has been very active on
the executive board, and his elec
tion as our president will make
for a smooth transition...the exec
utive board shares the response of
other students...we have deep
respect and confidence in Mr.
Wadley.”
BSU is involved in a variety of
diverse projects and is currently
busy with a number of Black
History Month activities.

Monday February 22,1993 ♦The Spectrum 3

�</text>
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                  <text>The Black Student Union (BSU) at UB was founded in 1967 and recognized by the Student Association in 1968. In 1969, it counted 1,000 members.&#13;
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&#13;
Most of the material was issued on newsprint, and the material is now extremely fragile as a result of heavy use.&#13;
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                <text>BSU elects new president, February 22, 1993</text>
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                <text>Article from student newspaper The Spectrum, "BSU elects new president" by Julian Willock, February 22, 1993.</text>
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                <text>The description and alternative text may have been partially generated using an AI tool and may contain errors or omissions. </text>
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          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
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              <elementText elementTextId="1685626">
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                <text>RG9-9-00-3_42_52_1993_p3</text>
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            </elementTextContainer>
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            <name>Publisher</name>
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                <text>State University of New York at Buffalo. University Archives</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="47">
            <name>Rights</name>
            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="1879844">
                <text>&lt;a href="https://rightsstatements.org/page/CNE/1.0/"&gt;COPYRIGHT NOT EVALUATED&lt;/a&gt;. The copyright and related rights status of this Item has not been evaluated. Please refer to the organization that has made the Item available for more information. You are free to use this Item in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. This digital collection is made available for research and educational purposes. Researchers are responsible for determining copyright status, and securing permissions for use and publication of any material. Copyright for items in this collection may be held by the creators, their heirs, or assigns. Researchers are required to obtain written permission from copyright holders and the University Archives prior to reproducing or publishing materials, including images and quotations. For inquiries about reproduction requests and permissions, please contact the &lt;a href="http://library.buffalo.edu/archives/"&gt;University Archives&lt;/a&gt;. If you believe material in our digital collections infringes copyright or other rights, please review our &lt;a href="https://library.buffalo.edu/about/policies/information-use/notice-and-takedown-policy.html"&gt;Notice and Takedown Policy&lt;/a&gt; for information on how to report your concern.</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
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    </elementSetContainer>
    <tagContainer>
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        <name>Black Student Union ephemera and printed material</name>
      </tag>
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  </item>
  <item itemId="97715" public="1" featured="0">
    <fileContainer>
      <file fileId="77229">
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                <elementTextContainer>
                  <elementText elementTextId="1968619">
                    <text>Islamic leader preached self
help, self-esteem and liberation
Julian Willock
Spectrum Staff Writer
UB students were among the
many college and university stu
dents from Western New York
and across the country who
attended the Nation of Islam’s
Saviours Day convention in
Atlanta, Georgia, this past week
end. The UB delegation was
comprised of about 15 students,
headed by Black Student Union
President James Minter.
The weekend in Atlanta had its
controversy after the Mayor May
nard Jackson sent a letter to the
Nation of Islam leader Louis Far
rakhan to welcome him to the city
of Atlanta. The Jewish communi
ty has long considered Farrakhan
anti-Jewish, but Farrakhan has
denied that charge.
Stuart Lewengrub, regional
director of the Anti-Defamation
League, said one of the demands
the League has before it can sit
down and talk with the Nation of
Islam is for “The Nation and
Louis Farrakhan to repudiate and
recant their numerous expressions
of hostility towards Jews.”
Leonard Farrakhan Muham
mad, chief of staff of the Nation
of Islam, denied that Louis Far
rakhan is anti-Jewish and said the
Nation of Islam has suffered
insults from Jewish leaders who
have compared the group to the
Ku Klux Klan. While the media
and many critics continue to
charge that the religious leader is
anti-Jewish and racist, his follow
ers say much of the good they do
under his leadership goes unno
ticed.

Involved in diverse projects
National officials said Far
rakhan and his congregation are
involved in a variety of endeavors
primarily aimed at making blacks

economically, socially, politically
and spiritually self-sufficient.
Examples of several diverse pro
jects include: security patrols in
drug-ravaged neighborhoods in
major cities, including Buffalo, a
publishing network that includes
books and The Final Call news
paper, an international office and
representative based in Ghana,
West Africa, and small business

"America contin
ues to practice
white superiority,
racism, sexism and
has lost her
morals."
Louis Farrakhan
Nation of Islam
ventures, day care centers, a line
of personal and health-care prod
ucts, videos on every thing from
Malcolm X to Farrakhan speech
es and Muhammad University of
Islam in Chicago.
Last month, the Los Angeles
Police Commission awarded the
Nation of Islam a contract to
patrol 15 federally subsidized
apartment buildings in Oakwood,
California. Two years ago, the
Washington City Council cited
the Nation of Islam for inspiring a
successful anti-drug effort there.
A torchlight for America
In his nearly two hour long
speech on Sunday at the Georgia
Dome, Farrakhan asserted that
“America is on her death bed and
is crying for desperate help.”
Before an estimated crowd of

70,000, he claimed that America
“continues to practice white supe
riority, racism, sexism and has
lost her morals...and if we don’t
change, we will fall like all other
great nations have.”
He insisted “that Bush, Clinton
and Perot do not care about poor
people in this country, and blacks
are always the ones to suffer
first.” He urged African Ameri
cans to heed his message of self
help, self-esteem and liberation.
Tricia Kerney, a student on the
trip, said that he was “very educa
tional and informative, and I dis
miss anyone who thinks he is
anti-semitic.”
Student Lasondra Statham said
that “his speech was strong and
positive...and even though I don’t
agree with him in all his beliefs, I
found his speech to be a great
learning experience.”

Nation of Islam beliefs
The nation of Islam should not
be confused with the orthodox
Muslim community headed by
national Islamic leader Warith
Deen Muhammad, the son of Eli
jah Muhammad. Both groups
were part of the original Nation
of Islam, founded in 1930 as a
black separatist organization, but
a schism occurred after Elijah
Muhammad’s death in 1975.
The Nation of Islam believes in
God, who followers refer to as
Allah. It holds that the essential
truth of the Bible has been tam
pered with and must be re-inter
preted. It holds that the so-called
‘Negroes’ are most in need of
mental resurrection; therefore,
they will be resurrected first, and
they are the chosen people of
God. It holds that black women
should be respected and protect
ed. It holds that those who
declare themselves to be right
eous Muslims should not partici
pate in war.

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                    <text>Th

e

Spectru

m
Kimmi
e Lewis

Avoid The Problem: At last week's forum on police brutality, panelists offered this advice

Police brutality addressed at forum
Julian Willock

Spectrum Staff Writer

The burning issue of police
brutality took center stage this
past Monday at a public forum
sponsored by UB’s Black Student
Union (BSU). Topics addressed
included what could be done in
the event of police brutality or
harassment, and how students
could counteract police brutality
by taking political, legal and
community measures.
Distinguished panelists includ
ed Ted Kirkland of The Chal
lenger, Donald Muhammed from
the nation of Islam and Lieu
tenant McCarthy Gipson from the
Buffalo Police Department.
In their presentations, the pan
elists reminded the students that
as African Americans, they have
to always expect that white and
black officers will treat them dif
ferently.
Muhammed advised students
of color to always avoid conflict
with police. He urged students to
try and be polite and respect
authority and that maintaining
this respect could go a long way
in defusing situations.
File a report
One audience member suggest
ed that everyday in Buffalo, there
is a “Rodney King-like situation,
but we never hear about it.”

Most students present com
plained that they are constantly
stopped by the police for no rea
son. Many said they are harassed
on a daily basis.
Gipson advised students to go
down to the police precinct and
file reports if they feel that they
are victims of brutality and/or
unwarranted harassment. Kirk
land urged students to be aware
of their rights and to apply pres
sure on local elected officials to,
in his words, “help bring justice
and equality for all victims of
police brutality.”

‘Racism’ in uniform
Many of the students expressed
what they have seen as a pattern of
racism in the police department.
They said they do not trust the
‘men in blue,’; instead they feel
“threatened” and “intimidated.”
Keeanga Talya, a UB student
who attended the forum, said,
“The cops and courts are instru
ments of the racist class oppres
sion and the blame should not be
put on the backs of black students
to act polite...even if you act
polite and do the right thing, they
will still mess with you.”
In response, Kirkland said he
was simply trying to give advice
on how to deal with a racist soci
ety, and he admitted that both the
police and the students must play
an equal role in respecting one
another.

Rodney King: a symbol
Students and members of the
panel asserted that the image of a
‘lynch mob in blue uniforms’ tor
turing a black man lying helpless
on the ground has become the
symbol of racist police brutality
in America.
BSU President James Minter
said, “The best thing we can do is
use the law and avoid situations
where the cops will have reasons
to harass us.” When asked what
blacks should do if that fails,
Minter suggested, “We protect
ourselves by whatever means
necessary.”
Muhammed reminded students
that there are more black males in
jail than in college, and told them
“you here have a responsibility to
work hard and uplift your people
and stop blaming every one else
for your problems.”
Another student, Andrew
Campbell, complained that every
time he has a party at his house,
the cops come and break it up.
Campbell said at times “they
[police] use racial slurs and treat
students of color as if they are
second class citizens.”
Once again, use of the legal
system was encouraged and con
sidered the best combatant to
harassment and brutality.
“Racist cop atrocities occur all
the time,” Gipson said. “The
problem is how we deal with it.”

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                    <text>The Spectrum Mujeeb Muqtadir

UB's B.S.U. sponsored Project Pride for community youth and their families this weekend.

BSU sponsors Project Pride Fair
Iqbal Afzal
Spectrum Staff Writer
The Black Student Union, in
conjunction with several organiza
tions, held its first annual Project
Pride Fair this past Saturday on
East Utica Street in the heart of
Buffalo. The Fair lasted from noon
to 5 P.M. with around 120 people
attending the function.
“Its purpose was to reach out to
the community, especially to the
kids,” says Ramone Gore, the trea
surer of the B.S.U. and organizer of
the event.

The Fair began at noon with a
block clean-up, then there were a
variety of contests and events for
the young children of the neighbor
hood. There was a pony ride, an
ice-cream eating contest, double
dutch contest, a water balloon toss,
a twister tournament, and food and
drinks.
“It makes me feel good that the
children enjoy what the B.S.U. is
trying to do,” Gore said.

Fair to instill pride
The B.S.U., in conjunction with
the African-American Cultural
Center, Phi Beta Sigma, Sigma

Gamma Rho, Omega Psi Phi, and
the McDonald’s corporation,
worked to make this Fair an annual
event to instill pride in the neigh
borhood and to show the young
kids that there is an active and
caring B.S.U. on a predominantly
while campus like UB, according
to B.S.U members.
The B.S.U. went from door to
door to talk to parents and get them
involved with the Fair, according
to James (Minter) X, president of
the B.S.U. The Fair organizers
said that they also wanted to instill
a sense of community activism in
the 75-100 children who attended.

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                    <text>The Spectrum
State University Of New York At Buffalo

Wednesday March 18,1992 Volume 41 Number 60

Black Student Union angry over proposed budget cuts
James Hoffman

Th
e

proposed budget increases or de
creases are and why,” she said.

Spectrum Staff Writer
Student Association Senators were
braced for conflict at a March 4th
meeting as angry BSU (Black Stu
dent Union) members threatened
protest The BSU members were
reacting to the discovery of a budget
proposal that would decrease their
funding by $3500 next fall.
The BSU found out about the
proposed cut after members saw a
copy of the proposed budget earlier
in the day.
SA Treasurer Jennifer. Bucklin
said the Senate Finance Committee
had spent the entire week putting in
long hours to get the budget proposal
ready in time for the Senate meeting
on March 4th. The proposed budget,
completed only that morning, was
due to go before the Senate for a
vote.
Due to the unexpected presence
of the BSU members, the Senate
decided to put the budget vote off
until all clubs could have the same
opportunity to review the changes in
their own proposed budgets.
“Weare not playing favorites. We
will delay the vote until all clubs
have been given an equal chance to
sec their proposed budgets,” Bucklin
said. “Letters will be sent to each
club, informing them of what their

Spectru

The Senate listened briefly to the
complaints of the BSU, but decided
that budget matters should not be
discussed at the meeting. The deci
sion was made after members of the
Senate said that the BSU would be
gaining an unfair advantage in
voicing their concerns over the pro
posed budget while no other groups
had any knowledge of the proposed
budget
The BSU students at the meeting
said they were unhappy with the
Senate’s decision to end all discus
sion about the proposed budget

m

Andrea
Schiafino

Frustration over cuts
“The understanding I got is that
the Senators are here to meet the
needs of the students,” one BSU
member stated. “I come here today
for the BSU. We are very frustrated
about the budget The amount of
black students has gone up, not de
creased, we need more money, not
less,” she added.
According to Bucklin, the deci
sions behind the proposed budget
were due to factors involving both
the individual clubs’ performance
and also the future prospected bud
get of SA.
The finance committee, made up
of eight senators and Bucklin, holds

Senators tried to finalize the budget at a March 4 Student Association Senate meeting.

hearings before the budget proposal is
made. Gubs are encouraged to attend
a hearing to plead their case. At the
hearing, a club can request a level of
funding and explain to the finance
committee why they deserve it.

“The finance committee looks at
how active a club is, what kind of
events it sponsors and its level of
organization,” Bucklin said.
Bucklin explained that there are
six types of clubs, each with a council

chair whose job it is to keep lines of
communication open between the
clubs and SA. Gubs should be hold
ing regular meetings with their

see Budget pg. 11

�Budget: BSU actual
cut only $1500 frompage 1
council chair so that they in turn
can inform SA of each club’s
needs.
The finance committee uses
the input from the council chairs
and the ledgers from the club’s
present and past years to deter
mine the level of funding the club
deserves.

BSU $1500 budget cut
According to Bucklin, although
the BSU’s budget is proposed to
be cut from $26,000 to $22,500,
their actual operating budget is
only to be decreased by $1500.
The remaining $2000 cut will
be from the elimination of BSU’s
co-sponsorship line. This line
included money that was set aside
in the budget, to be given out to
other clubs for co-sponsored
events. “All other clubs must co
sponsor events using their own
money,” Bucklin said.
Bucklin explained that more
money was going to be made avail
able to the club coordinators that
advise the clubs. This money is
used by the coordinators to give
back to clubs that express a need.
She added that when determin
ing the amount a club deserves,
the committee looks at the club’s
contributions to the university and
the community as a whole.
“You can tell just by looking at
a ledger, whether or not a club has
been active or if they have shut
themselves off,” Bucklin said.
Each club is rated on how well
it works within the university,
how it fosters good community
relations and what it does for the
university as a whole. “While

it’s important that a club foster
good relations with the com
munity, it’s more important to
[be active] in the university,”
Bucklin said.
Bucklin explained that while
the BSU has done much within
thecommunity, it should do more
on campus so that its events are
more accessible to the university
population.
“The proposed amount of
PODER and the BSU was more
money than a whole category of
clubs combined,” Bucklin ex
plained, “more money than all
forty academic interest clubs.”
The finance committee also
looks at the amount of money a
club fund raises on its own,
Bucklin explained. “The BSU
has done no fund raising, while
some clubs have raised many
times their operating budget,”
she said. “Ifwe increase a club’s
funding this year, we can at least
maintain that level of funding
next year. Chances are that
money won’t be around next
year.”
According to Bucklin the uni
versity is expecting a steady de
crease in undergraduates in the
next few years. Fewer under
graduates equals less money that
SA has available to give out to
clubs.
Clubs that need money may
request additional funding from
their council chair.
All clubs should be receiving
a letter explaining their new bud
gets. Bucklin suggested that any
clubs with questions should seek
the help of their coordinator.

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                    <text>T he Spectrum/Kristin Dillingham
BSU officials hope to fill their office this semester with a new group of young students.

BSU: new enthusiasm in ’89
"Youth movement" brightens future
Ian Aronson
Spectrum Staff Reporter
Officers of the Black Student
Union arc predicting change for
the organization.
Diversity, enthusiasm and an
influx of younger members arc
bringing change to both the organi
zation and the University, accord
ing to BSU President Sha-King
Alston and Vice President Umar
Adeyola.
Increased minority participation
in the UB political and administra
tive system is an important BSU
goal, Adeyola and Alston said.
“The reason we have a Black Stu
dent Union is because the repre
sentation that we have on campus
does not address our needs,” Alston
said.
Adeyola concurred, saying,
“without politics we have no say in
what goes on.” He added that to
have a greater voice on campus,
more minorities need to get

volved in the student government.
in

Surge of young students
Increased participation from the
freshman and sophomore classes is
reshaping the BSU, he continued.
“I’m not saying that the juniors and
seniors have died out, but there
needs to be a new surge to boost
things, and that’s the way things are
going now.”
Alston spoke of “students com
ing in from diverse areas of New
York City, the state, even from other
countries that come by the office
every day with new ideas (and)
wanting to implement new pro
grams.” This, he explained, con
tributes “energy and enthusiasm
that’s necessary to help our organi
zation.”
Alston added, “If this is a Uni
versity where we all come together
to learn, then we should all be aware
of other people. Our purpose is to
go out and try to teach others about
our culture.”

BSU activities
To do this, the BSU sponsors
various activities on and around
campus. These programs include
Black History Month, a Kwanza
program, and a children’s Hallow
een party. Alston noted that BSU
programs arc not only for black
people. He discussed the annual
dialogue held between BSU and
the Jewish Student Union and
mentioned plans to establish pro
grams with the Women’s Caucus
Coalition.
Adeyola is seeking an expansion
of the organization’s programs into
the greater-Buffalocommunity. He
described plans for an outreach
program, involving tutorials for
local young people, and explained
the need to reach youths of all eth
nic groups.
“I am not speaking on an Afri
can-American level, he said, “but I
am speaking on an American level.
Our youths are the people that are
going to bring things together.”

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                <text>Article from student newspaper The Spectrum, "BSU: new enthusiasm in '89: 'Youth movement' brightens future" by Ian Aronson, September 15, 1989.</text>
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            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="1879849">
                <text>&lt;a href="https://rightsstatements.org/page/CNE/1.0/"&gt;COPYRIGHT NOT EVALUATED&lt;/a&gt;. The copyright and related rights status of this Item has not been evaluated. Please refer to the organization that has made the Item available for more information. You are free to use this Item in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. This digital collection is made available for research and educational purposes. Researchers are responsible for determining copyright status, and securing permissions for use and publication of any material. Copyright for items in this collection may be held by the creators, their heirs, or assigns. Researchers are required to obtain written permission from copyright holders and the University Archives prior to reproducing or publishing materials, including images and quotations. For inquiries about reproduction requests and permissions, please contact the &lt;a href="http://library.buffalo.edu/archives/"&gt;University Archives&lt;/a&gt;. If you believe material in our digital collections infringes copyright or other rights, please review our &lt;a href="https://library.buffalo.edu/about/policies/information-use/notice-and-takedown-policy.html"&gt;Notice and Takedown Policy&lt;/a&gt; for information on how to report your concern.</text>
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  <item itemId="97710" public="1" featured="0">
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                    <text>BSU defines AfricanAmerican role in war
Kurt Stuckel
Spectrum Staff Reporter

The Black Student Union spon
sored a rap session on the issues for
African-Americans in the Persian
Gulf War last week. The focus of
the rap session was to examine and
discuss the roles and dilemmas
African-Americans are currently
facing in the War with Iraq.
Henry Taylor, a UB professor in
the American Studies Department,
began with a historical background
of African-American roles in past
United States military conflicts.
Taylor cited the participation of
African-Americans in both the
Revolutionary and Civil Wars.
Thesignificanceof these conflicts
and all others, he explained, is that
they were fought in vain for the
African-American way of life.
Importance?
“The idea in both of those in
stances, the Revolutionary and Civil
Wars, was that participation would
somehow yield a higher standard of
life for African-American people,”
Taylor explained. “What hap
pened? After the Revolutionary
War instead of being free, the sys
tem of slavery flourished.”
According to Taylor, following
the Civil War the United States
government turned the South over
to a “bunch of traitors.”
“I say a bunch of traitors because
what else can you call a bunch of
people who try to over-throw your
government? As a result of those
policies African-Americans were
virtually re-inslaved. There has
never been a war in which Blacks
participated that they have derived
a single solitary benefit.”
“What happens after the war is
over?” Taylor asked. “Conditions

for African-Americans worsened
dramatically.
“There is no reason AfricanAmericans should support that war
(Persian Gulf),” he said. “We as a
people should define our interests
in ways that arc based on what is
important for our people.”

War vs. domestic problems
Taylor questioned U.S. foreign
policy, and how it relates to people
of color.
“Why is it that in the last 50 years
the U.S. has waged war against,
invaded, and changed social order,
in countries of people of color?”
Taylor asked.
Israel in the West Bank and Gaza
Strip, and the Soviet Union in
Afganistan arc just two examples
that illustrate this, he said.
Taylor and other students dis
cussed the irony of there being no
money for social programs to
combat the soaring rates of unem
ployed Black people and poverty,
yet billions to wage war.
He also said that he cannot un
derstand White people who refuse
to vote for Black people and social
policy beneficial to Black people,
but will support a war that Black
people are fighting for them.
Kuwait’s money
Alexis DeVeaux, a doctoral stu
dent in American Studies, spoke of
the necessity of Kuwait’s money.
American, Japanese and European
money is substantially at stake due
to their investment in Kuwait, she
said.
Americans, however, have been
“sanitized” he said, by the media as
a result of the restrictions laid out
by the government, making
Americans unaware of the real

see Gulf PG. 3

�Gulf: military finances education
from page 1
sues involved.
is
Taylor said African-American
interests are not of concern to the
corporate structure, who are the
real beneficiaries of this conflict.
DeVeaux also said poor AfricanAmericans and Hispanics often use
the option of military service to
earn money for a college education.
This linkage of education to the
military is something well-off
White middle class students can
avoid, but poor minorities cannot.
The issue of President George
Bush’s “New World Order” was
also raised.
“What is the ‘New World Or
der’?” DeVeaux said. “It is an old
concept, Hitler also used it. The
‘New World Order’ is the ideology
of the strong getting stronger and
the weak getting weaker, not a
theory of participatory democracy.”
She said that there is a need to
“read between the lines” of what
the government and the media is
telling us, and to sec the true
meaning of what we hear, sec and
read, DeVeaux explained.

Friday February 22,1991 • The Spectrum

3

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&#13;
Twelve periodical publications have been issued by the BSU and are the primary record of the activities and history of the organization.&#13;
&#13;
Most of the material was issued on newsprint, and the material is now extremely fragile as a result of heavy use.&#13;
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                  <text>Use for educational purposes only. Single copies (print, photocopy, download) are permitted for personal study, research and teaching.</text>
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                <text>BSU defines African-American role in war, February 22, 1991</text>
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                <text>Article from student newspaper The Spectrum, "BSU defines African-American role in war" by Kurt Stuckel, February 22, 1991.</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="1979392">
                <text>The description and alternative text may have been partially generated using an AI tool and may contain errors or omissions. </text>
              </elementText>
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          </element>
          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
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                <text>Black Student Union (State University of New York at Buffalo)</text>
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            </elementTextContainer>
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          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
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                <text>1991-02-22</text>
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            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="91">
            <name>Date Created</name>
            <description>Date of creation of the resource.</description>
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                <text>2024-04-01</text>
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                <text>application/pdf</text>
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                <text>State University of New York at Buffalo. University Libraries</text>
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                <text>The Spectrum (RG9-9-00-3)</text>
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                <text>11.3x20.7cm, 17.2x13.8cm</text>
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                <text>The Spectrum</text>
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                <text>State University of New York at Buffalo. University Archives</text>
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          <element elementId="47">
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            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="1879850">
                <text>&lt;a href="https://rightsstatements.org/page/CNE/1.0/"&gt;COPYRIGHT NOT EVALUATED&lt;/a&gt;. The copyright and related rights status of this Item has not been evaluated. Please refer to the organization that has made the Item available for more information. You are free to use this Item in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. This digital collection is made available for research and educational purposes. Researchers are responsible for determining copyright status, and securing permissions for use and publication of any material. Copyright for items in this collection may be held by the creators, their heirs, or assigns. Researchers are required to obtain written permission from copyright holders and the University Archives prior to reproducing or publishing materials, including images and quotations. For inquiries about reproduction requests and permissions, please contact the &lt;a href="http://library.buffalo.edu/archives/"&gt;University Archives&lt;/a&gt;. If you believe material in our digital collections infringes copyright or other rights, please review our &lt;a href="https://library.buffalo.edu/about/policies/information-use/notice-and-takedown-policy.html"&gt;Notice and Takedown Policy&lt;/a&gt; for information on how to report your concern.</text>
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  <item itemId="97709" public="1" featured="0">
    <fileContainer>
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                    <text>Singing, dancing,poetry readings and fashionshows(above) highlight he second
annual BSU Cultural Show. See page 3 for details.

�Cultural show models talent
Heather Willett
Spectrum Staff Reporter

of Black people in South Af
rica.
The show also had three fashion
shows featuring campus, career, and
evening wear with clothing pro
vided by local retailers.
The excitement and involvement
of the audience peaked during the
musical finale. An elaborate dance
sequence was performed by the
African-American Cultural Center
and the Dance Troupe.
The dancers, many of whom were
children, wore traditional African
dress and danced to the beat of the
drums. Their energy was recipro
cated by the audience. African
clothing and ornamentation en
hanced the effect.
The costumes for the dance troupe
were made by Bola Sobande, a
graduate student at UB in the de
partment of Architecture and Urban
Planning.

The second annual Black Student
Union Cultural Show was held
Sunday night in Katharine Cornell
Theatre as part of UB’s celebration
of Black History Month.
The show featured three hours of
singing, dancing, poetry readings,
and several fashion shows.
The crowd was pumped up by
several rap songs and then soothed
by the sounds of “Devotion.” The
harmony of the six male vocalists
left the audience not only singing
along, but cheering for more.
Other musical entertainment was
provided by UB junior Janessa
Quarles who interrupted the
cheering audience with the com
ment “I’m not finished yet!”
Quarles adopted the cliche “leave
them wanting more” by not satiat
ing the audience’s appetite for an Sobande’s talent
encore.
Sobande’s talent reaches beyond
the drawing board as evidenced by
Treatment of Black people
a fashion show featuring African
On a more serious note was the styles which she designed and made.
monologue by BSU Vice-President She creates both South African and
Tabitha Ngwashi in which she American style clothing. Sobande
painted a vivid picture of the treatment described her designs as “western

variations on the original African
designs.”
The clothing ranged from casual
to formal outfits typical of those
worn by the elite, according to
Sobande. They included candlewax
batik designs, tie-dyed, and em
broidered work.
Both men’s and women’s cloth
ing was done in cotton and topped
off with headpieces of cotton or
silk. The headpieces arc “one long
cloth just wrapped differently,”
Sobande said. Styles from the west
coast of Africa were also modeled.
Strips of cloth are sewn together
to create a larger piece of fabric and
is still made in “the traditional way
of dress-making which is passed on
from generation to generation,”
Sobande said. This is because of
the belief “that something will
happen to the family” if a different
method were used, Sobande ex
plained.
Sobande creates African designs
for the public and can be reached
through the BSU at 636-3029. Due
to her responsibilities as a student,
Sobande produces most of the
clothing during the summer.

�</text>
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                  <text>The Black Student Union (BSU) at UB was founded in 1967 and recognized by the Student Association in 1968. In 1969, it counted 1,000 members.&#13;
&#13;
Twelve periodical publications have been issued by the BSU and are the primary record of the activities and history of the organization.&#13;
&#13;
Most of the material was issued on newsprint, and the material is now extremely fragile as a result of heavy use.&#13;
</text>
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              <name>Publisher</name>
              <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="19856">
                  <text>State University of New York at Buffalo. University Libraries</text>
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              </elementTextContainer>
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              <name>Rights</name>
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              <elementTextContainer>
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              <name>Source</name>
              <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="1829503">
                  <text>State University of New York at Buffalo. University Archives.</text>
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          <element elementId="50">
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                <text>Cultural show models talent, February 22, 1991</text>
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            </elementTextContainer>
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          <element elementId="41">
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            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="1685497">
                <text>Article from student newspaper The Spectrum, "Cultural show models talent" by Heather Willett, February 22, 1991.</text>
              </elementText>
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                <text>The description and alternative text may have been partially generated using an AI tool and may contain errors or omissions. </text>
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            </elementTextContainer>
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          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
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            <name>Date</name>
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          <element elementId="91">
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            </elementTextContainer>
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            </elementTextContainer>
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              <elementText elementTextId="1685502">
                <text>application/pdf</text>
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            </elementTextContainer>
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          <element elementId="43">
            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
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                <text>RG9-9-00-3_40_57_1991-culture</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
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            <name>Is Part Of</name>
            <description>A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included.</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="1685504">
                <text>Black Student Union collection (LIB-UA005)</text>
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            </elementTextContainer>
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            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="1685505">
                <text>State University of New York at Buffalo. University Libraries</text>
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          <element elementId="44">
            <name>Language</name>
            <description>A language of the resource</description>
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          <element elementId="48">
            <name>Source</name>
            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
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                <text>The Spectrum (RG9-9-00-3)</text>
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            <name>Creator</name>
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              <elementText elementTextId="1685509">
                <text>The Spectrum</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
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          <element elementId="37">
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            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="1685510">
                <text>State University of New York at Buffalo. University Archives</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="47">
            <name>Rights</name>
            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="1879851">
                <text>&lt;a href="https://rightsstatements.org/page/CNE/1.0/"&gt;COPYRIGHT NOT EVALUATED&lt;/a&gt;. The copyright and related rights status of this Item has not been evaluated. Please refer to the organization that has made the Item available for more information. You are free to use this Item in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. This digital collection is made available for research and educational purposes. Researchers are responsible for determining copyright status, and securing permissions for use and publication of any material. Copyright for items in this collection may be held by the creators, their heirs, or assigns. Researchers are required to obtain written permission from copyright holders and the University Archives prior to reproducing or publishing materials, including images and quotations. For inquiries about reproduction requests and permissions, please contact the &lt;a href="http://library.buffalo.edu/archives/"&gt;University Archives&lt;/a&gt;. If you believe material in our digital collections infringes copyright or other rights, please review our &lt;a href="https://library.buffalo.edu/about/policies/information-use/notice-and-takedown-policy.html"&gt;Notice and Takedown Policy&lt;/a&gt; for information on how to report your concern.</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
        </elementContainer>
      </elementSet>
    </elementSetContainer>
    <tagContainer>
      <tag tagId="3432">
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      </tag>
    </tagContainer>
  </item>
  <item itemId="97708" public="1" featured="0">
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            <description/>
            <elementContainer>
              <element elementId="86">
                <name>Text</name>
                <description/>
                <elementTextContainer>
                  <elementText elementTextId="1969181">
                    <text>BSU meeting
focuses on new
constitution, history
Robert B. Davis
Ethnic Affairs Editor
The first Black Student Union
meeting of the semester was held at
Deifendorf Hall last Wednesday.
After a reading of the day’s
agenda and requests for volunteers
for various functions, BSU Presi
dent Scott Norman spoke about the
need for a new constitution.
“The constitution we (BSU) have
now is becoming obsolete, it’s not
serving its function anymore,” he
said.

‘Give a little of yourself
To help create this new consti
tution, a committee was formed to
look into creating a more updated
version.
“Give a little of yourself,” BSU
Secretary Ramona Gore said. Gore
stressed the importance of becom
ing involved in BSU. Members
should give as much time as they
can to help make BSU work, she
said.
“Whoever runs for office should
be a people-person and able to
convey information to the other
members,” Gore said.
Vice President Tabitha Ngwashi
announced that BSU will be spon
soring two rap sessions. One will
be held in the T.V. lounge at
Goodyear Hall featuring Henry
Taylor, chairman of the program in
applied public affairs studies (PA
PAS) on Friday Feburary 8 at 4
P.M.
The rap sessions will cover the
topics of light skin/dark skin com
plexions and sexual assault against
women.

Acknowledge your history
Later in the meeting, a member
of the All African Peoples Repub
lic in the audience spoke out about
Black students becoming involved
with the All African Peonies

Re
public.
“Before you do anything you
must know the history of BSU and
how the problems on the interna
tional scene affects students at UB,”
he explained. He went on to talk
about what can be done to enhance
BSU so more students will come to
meetings.
Student Association of the State
Universities Director of Activities
Sha-king Alston added, “Canvass
ing and making BSU more appeal
ing to fellow students should in
crease attendance.”
Norman then distributed ques
tionnaires asking what things stu
dents would like to see happen to
find our what students want from
BSU.
The meeting adjourned with an
nouncements of the schedule of
events proposed for Black History
Month.
BSU will sponsor their annual
cultural show on February 17.
Performers, models, ushers, and
stage hands are needed. Anyone
interested can contact BSU at 6363029.

�</text>
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                    <text>The Spectrum/Gary Messerschmitt

Political activist Reverend Al Sharpton.

Black activists ask
for 'equal justice’
Robert B. Davis

Ethnic Affairs Editor
TheBlack Community mustfind
immediate solutions to their plight
or face extinction. That was the
major theme of the evening for
speakers Lenora Fulani, Reverend
Al Sharpton, and Alton Maddox.
The three activists were the guests
of the Black Student Union (BSU)
Monday night at Acheson Hall.

Leaders Questioned
“People look at the Rev. Al
Sharpton and Alton Maddox and
say they aren’t like the leaders of
the 60’s, but Martin Luther King
was terribly attacked, viciously
maligned, when he spoke out.. just
as we are now,” Fulani said.
The Reverend Al Sharpton spoke
about how White America tries to
pick the leaders of the Black com
munity.
“If you play sports you wouldn’t
let the other team choose your
quarterback, because you know they
will pick someone who can’t
throw,” he added. “That is what
White people do, they try to pick
our quarterback, knowing he has
two broken legs and is in a wheel
chair.”
Sharpton spoke about Tawana
Brawley, and the Central Park jog
ger trial. According to him, when
the Brawley case occurred, a Black
person -Brawley- was doubted and
questions arose about the validity
of her story.
When the jogger trial came out,
however, he said “before she re
gained consciousness,” eight Black

youths were arrested, and immedi
ately were questioned.
Equal Justice
Sharpton quickly pointed out he
wasn’t condoning the attacks, but
demanding equal justice.
“When Blacks get killed the is
sue is Black, when Whites getkilled
the issue is also Black.
“We need equal justice on both
sides.” Sharpton said.
During a question and answer
period students were allowed to
talk to the speakers. One student
spoke of feeling alienated by the
Reverend, who responded “If you
work on your side and I work on my
side, maybe we can meet in the
future.
“The best thing you can do as a
White person,” he continued, “is
ask your community why is racism
allowed to continue, why are Black
people treated the way they are.”

Solutions
Fulani is the first Black woman
and first Black person to be in
cluded on the Presidential ballot in
all 50 states. She described her
New Alliance Party as “Black-led,
women of color-led, multiracial,
pro-gay, and pro-working class.”
Fulani believes Black led inde
pendent politics is the future of this
country.
‘There has never been a fair elec
tion held in the United States, and
probably never will,” Fulani said.
She is currently running for Gover
nor of New York on the Independ
ent ticket.
Her New Alliance Party has tar
geted the homeless and college
students in a quest to register voters
and a potential voting coalition.

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                    <text>BSU, JSU Launch
Duke Campaign
Bonnie Nightengale

Spectrum Staff Writer
The Black Student Union and the
Jewish Student Union have
launchedajointcampaign designed
to increase awareness of David
Duke’s recent election to the Lou
isiana Legislature, as well as to
promote voter registration.
Duke, former Imperial Wizard
of the Ku Klux Klan, won his con
gressional seat by a narrow margin

aware of Duke’s position may not
“even know he’s in our congress
right now—that he was elected in
Louisiana.” The other purpose of
the campaign, according to
Schulman, is to “show people how
important a vote is. We want to
educate people. You can make a
difference, and you can do some
thing.”
BSU President Kurt Young
agreed. “We wantpeople to realize
the power that they have in the
vote.” He emphasized that “the

"I want people
to be aware of
their
(politicians')
background
and what we re
investing."

Kurt Young
BSU President

in Metairie, a predominantly white,
conservative middle-class New
Orleans suburb.
“If you went around school and
asked people who David Duke is, a
lot of people wouldn’t even know,”
JSU member Carolyn Schulman
explained. She added that those

KKK and other hate groups do exist,
and it’s not just something that’s
down in the South. They have a
chapter right up here in Buffalo.”
In addition to voter registration,
Young said, “We want people to be

Duke see page 3

�Duke from page 1
aware of their (politicians’) back
ground and what we’re investing
our vote in.”
Schulman is aware of the KKK
chapter in Buffalo. “It is here. It’s
very much alive in Buffalo, and
people don’t realize that They
figure they don’t see them in the
streets marching and stuff. It’s not
like the South where it’s more ac
cepted to have them go march.
“The area in which he was elected
was a white area, and the deep
South has been known to have that
sort of (racist) view,” she contin
ued. “It isn’t a very mixed area.
It’s pretty homogeneous.”

Nation-wide campaign discussed
The campaign, which includes
posters to get the message across,
may employ different strategies as
time goes on, possibly including a
rally. The prospect of making the
campaign a national issue has been

JSU and BSU have
discussed the
prospect of making
the campaign a
national issue.
discussed, and members of the stu
dent organizations involved may
begin by contacting Louisiana State
University to launch the nation
wide campaign. LSU is Duke’s
alma mater from which he earned a
degree in history.
Duke claims to have left the Klan
in 1979, although his address and
phone number remain identical to
those of the local KKK headquar
ters in Louisiana.
“It’s pretty hard to believe that
someone can actually be an ex
imperial wizard of the KKK,”

Young said. “It’s like saying, to
use the opposite extreme, like being
the ex- Pope. It’s something that
you live for all your life, which is
the hate of other people, and all of
a sudden you see the light, you turn
around.”
Lee Atwater, Republican Na
tional Committee Chairman, Presi
dent George Bush and Ronald
Reagan unsuccessfully attempted
to stop Duke, who converted to the
Republican Party before the spe
cial election primary in January.
The three political leaders have
since denounced him.
Although some members of the
Democratic party have pointed
fingers at the Republicans, Young
said, “I don’t want to make this a
partisan issue because I’m sure that
there are lots of people whose cre
dentials could be questioned in all
parties, and we’re just not aware of
them.”

Wednesday 5, April 1989 • The Spectrum 3

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                    <text>BSU Will Wait For
Election Of New VP
Scott Lindlaw

Spectrum Staff Reporter
The Black Student Union has
opted to not hold a special election
to fill its vacant vice president
position.
According to BSU President Kurt
Young, a special election will not
be possible because the Elections
and Credentials Committee will be
too busy with the upcoming SA
elections.
Young said that while an interim
vice president may be elected, it is
more likely that the organization
will wait until its regular elections
after spring break.
The vice presidential spot has
been vacant since Young left it to
fill the void left when Oswaldo
Mestre resigned the presidency in
early February.

BSU President Kurt Young

Young said the vice presidency
of BSU is an important job, but was
confident that the organization will
run smoothly without one.
“We have a lot of hard-working
people, so we will be able to func
tion well until the regular elections,”
he said.

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                    <text>Young Is New President
Mestre Resigns As BSU Head
Melissa Servey
Spectrum Staff Reporter
Oswaldo Mestre has stepped
down from his position as president
of the Black Student Union, citing
personal reasons for his resigna
tion.
He announced his resignation
during a regular BSU meeting ear
lier this month. Vice President
Kurt Young assumed the office of
president in accordance with BSU's
constitution.
“I have been involved in student
government for three and a half
years, and it’s taking its toll on me,”
Mestre said last week.
He explained that he has im
proved the BSU as much as he can,
and he did not want to allow BSU to
suffer due to his time constraints.
“I wanted to leave while BSU
was still at its best and let someone
else take it over,” Mestre said.
Young said that although
Mestre’s resignation came unex
pectedly, he believes he will also
make a good president.

Power shift is smooth
Young commented that he can
handle the job and that the organi
zation has good members. He has
not heard any complaints or criti
cisms concerning the sudden shift

"We've
worked hard
organizing
events
for Black
History
month, and
we wanted
that to be
the focus of
attention."
Kurt Young
BSU President

of power.
“Everyone is taking the change
well,” Young said.
Mestre said that many people do
not know about the change because
they wanted to wait until after Black
History Month to announce the
changes publicly.

“We’ve worked hard organizing
events for Black History Month,
and we wanted that to be the focus
of attention,” he said.
Elections to fill the vice-presi
dential office vacated by Young
will be held next month.

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                    <text>BSU Holds Emergency
Meeting Over Racist Bars
Nikki Gais

Spectrum Staff Writer
The Black Student Union held
an emergency meeting on Wednes
day to discuss alleged discrimina
tory admittance policies by several
of Buffalo’s bars.
Several African-American UB
students had approached the BSU
office and expressed that certain
area night-spots have prohibited
minority students from entering the
establishments by utilizing a vari
ety of methods. They specifically
named Mickey Rats City bar and
Mr. Goodbar.
“These places and others have
purposely scrutinized, harassed,
and attempted to filter out AfricanAmerican students from not com
ing into the bars, solely on the basis
of their skin color,” said Oswaldo
Mestre, BSU president.
Rick Pfeiffer, from WIVB-TV,
elaborated on the purpose of his
month long under-cover investiga
tive probe into the students’ racial
allegations. Part of the assignment
included groups of African-Ameri
cans instructed to frequent approxi
mately ten local discotheques and
observe how they were treated
compared to their white counter
parts. The volunteers noticed that
they were asked to submit several
forms of identification while the
majority of whites seeking admit
tance were immediately let in or
asked to present only one form of
identification.
Pfeiffer’s original three part
series that aired a few weeks ago
was presented at the meeting. This,

"These bar
incidents that
have rejected
blacks and
other minorities
is about nothing
but overt
racism."
Pamela Jackson
BSU Member
in part, sparked this emergency to
occur, Mestre said.
Pfeiffer explained that, “the
series, which included a special
follow-up story struck a major nerve
in the Buffalo community. Now it
is up to the people and the local
government to decide exactly what
measures should be taken to handle
and demolish the situation.”

Need for action
Pamela Jackson, a BSU mem
ber, addressed the significance of
an increased awareness, under
standing, and unifying force be
tween all UB students. She also
proposed actions that should be
utilized by them to directly combat
the situation.
“These bar incidents that have
rejected blacks and other minori
ties is about nothing but overt

ra ” Jackson claimed. “Subtle
cism,
racism is becoming louder and we,
as responsible students and citi
zens of this community must join
and work together to make a state
ment to implement these necessary
changes. A combination of boy
cotting, picketing, and legal action
is needed to make a greater differ
ence.”
Students of varying nationali
ties are encouraged to help develop
a network composed of individuals
committed to belonging to a new
Student Coalition Against Racism
in Buffalo, Jackson continued.
Students need to act and react
against the situation to bring about
an apparent change, said Kadra
Small, coordinator of the Student
Coalition AgainstRacism. We need
to know how many students are
willing to help fight the struggle for
equality, or simply taking time out
of their schedules to picket for a
worthy cause.
The discussion shifted to an open
forum, in which several students in
the audience relayed personal testi
monies as to their experiences with
racism. It was beneficial for the
students to vent their candid feel
ings and opinions with others who
have been made the subject of
similar degrading incidences,
Mestre explained.
Small mentioned that the group
is planning to meet again on De
cember 6 to consider purposes and
functions of the new Student Coa
lition Against Racism in Buffalo.
The owner of Mickey Rats could
not be reached for comment

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                    <text>BSU Unhappy
With SA Services
Melissa Servey
Spectrum Staff Reporter
The Black Student Union
memberswill support the con
tinuance of the mandatory stu
dent fee during the referendum
vote this week, but they are not
fully satisfied with the services
the Student Association is of
fering, according to Oswaldo
Mestre, president of BSU.
Mestre said BSU is a very
large organization, with a
membership of 400 to 500 stu
dents on a good year. Over 100
members attend their meetings,
and they provide services to a
very large constituency.
“What affects BSU affects
many people,” Mestre ex
plained. “We have a larger
constituency and we get a larger
budget because of the services
we provide.”
However, Mestre believes that
many of his members are “dis
gruntled”, and that this dissatis
faction is justified.
He used the metaphor of a
mother-child relationship to
explain the situation.
“SA could be considered the
‘mother’ organization, and BSU
is then one of her ‘children’,”
Mestre explained. “A mother
has to feed all of her children,
and we do not feel that SA is
‘feeding’ us.”
Some examples that Mestre
used were Fall Fest, and the

“A mother has to feed all
of her children, and we
do not feel that SA is
feeding us."
Oswaldo Mestre
BSU President
Homecoming “I’m a Lumber
jack and I’m OK” party.
“My members were not
pleased with the bands at Fall
Fest,” he said. “There wasn’t
any music geared toward us,
although the fest included a
variety of bands.”
The Homecoming event did
not appeal to BSU members
either, and Mestre thinks some
open communication could
solve some of his concerns.
He believes that SA should
work with BSU, and ask them
what they would like to see
offered through SA. He also
said he offered his services for
Fall Fest, but no one ever ap
proached him.
“They’re (SA) a direct agent
of the mandatory student fee,
and we are a large group of
people who need to be sup
ported,” Mestre said.
“BSU is going to support the
continuance of the mandatory
student fee whole-heartedly, but
there should be some changes
made,“Mestreexplained. “We
just want to let them know that
we’re not fully satisfied.”

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                    <text>Mestre Wins The BSU Presidency
Young, Henderson Also Win Positions
By Marc Schneider

Spectrum Staff Reporter

Oswaldo Mestre is the new Black
Student Union president, after
narrowly defeating Terry Lindsay in
the election held last week.
Mestre,
former Student
Association vice president, defeated
Lindsay by a margin of 200 to 125,
and was pleased by the victory.
"It’s great," Mestre said. "It's
like a dream come true. I've been at
this University a long time, and I'm
actually in a position where I can
help.
"I'm going to see that every
element of black student life is
fulfilled within this University,"
Mestre added. "A Renaissance is
coming."
Mestre, who ran on the
Renaissance ticket, noted that
improving
membership,
communication, image and morale
were among his top goals for the
future of the organization.
Communication, image stressed
"Communication is real
important. Not just among our
clubs, but among our individuals as
well. Communication has to
improve," Mestre said.
Mestre also expressed a need to
improve BSU's image "by making
the BSU office a cultural
center...not just for black students,

Oswaldo Mestre

but for white and Hispanic students
as well."
Mestre believed the recent
incident regarding BSU's budget for
the 1988-89 academic year both
epitomized
the
lack
of
communication between BSU and
SA and tarnished the image of BSU.
This past year, BSU failed to
submit their budget request on time
and its funding was cut from
$26,000 to $17,000. Mestre blamed
the failure on miscommunication.
"There was a miscommunication
last year between BSU and SA,"
Mestre claimed.
Mestre said that such an incident

would not be repeated, since his
presidency will avoid such
developments, and noted that his
relationship with SA would also
prevent such an occurrence. "I have
a good relationship with SA,"
Mestre explained.
When asked if BSU can survive
on the funding which they received
from SA for next year, Mestre
commented, "I don't think so. I'm
going to try and get money
elsewhere."
Mestre said that he could not
reveal these outside sources at the
present time.
Lindsay said that although he was
disappointed with the loss, he
would continue to pursue an
alternative role in making BSU an
effective organization on campus.
"We (BSU) are a family. The
family will still go on. We've just
decided who's in charge of the
family. Now that we have that,
we're going to rebuild the family,"
Lindsay said.
"I'm going to be working in all
capacities with the BSU," added
Lindsay. He said that he will most
likely be a member of one of the
extended committees.
Kurt Young was announced vice
president, Rosco Henderson
treasurer, Nicole Thompson
activities coordinator, and Ronda
Raison as secretary. Incidentally,
Don Miller, former chair of the
College Republicans, received a
written vote for treasurer.

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                    <text>BSU Forum Discusses Black Concerns
gathered to witness the forum.

By William Sheridan
Spectrum Staff Reporter
In preparation for the
organization's upcoming officer
elections, the Black Student Union
held an open forum for its
candidates Wednesday evening in
Diefendorf Hall.
Participating in the forum were
10 candidates looking to occupy five
positions within the BSU. Former
Student Association Vice President
Oswaldo Mestre and Terry Lindsay
are campaigning for president,
while Curt Young and Alphonso
Champagne are vying for the vice
president post.
The race for treasurer features
Antoinette Ransom, Roscoe
Henderson and Sandra Chase.
Nicole Thompson and Scott
Norman are both looking to win the
position of activities coordinator.
Elections Coordinator Stacy
Glover presided over the forum,
which featured introductory
speeches from each of the
candidates and a question and
answer session, during which each
candidate fielded questions
concerning their campaigns from
Glover himself. The candidates
then responded to questions from
the group of about 55 which

Similar goals
The platforms of the individual
candidates are remarkably similar,
as are the issues at hand. Many of
the nominees cited the need for
improved lines of communication,
both within the black community
and between the BSU and other
University organizations.
"To be effective as an
organization...we need to establish
a free flow of communication
(within the BSU)," Young said.
Young's opponent for vice
president, Alphonso Champagne,
agreed by including "lack of
communication" as one of the
major problems facing the BSU
today.
Another area of concern among
many of the office-seekers is the
morale of black students at UB.
Coordinator candidate Nicole
Thompson explained that "in order
to succeed, we need to have the
involvement of the students. They
must give us ideas and feedback,
negative or otherwise."
Her opponent, Scott Norman,
concurred.
"There are over 1,300 black
students currently attending UB,"
Norman said. "If even half of these
students attended a BSU activity, it
would be a major success."

Champagne called student
morale "very poor, and... in
desperate need of change." The way
to achieve this change, according to
presidential candidate Terry
Lindsay (who ran for Student
Association President during the
recent general elections), is to
"heighten the consciousness of
black students at UB."
General issues of concern
Some of the candidates touched
upon issues pertaining not only to
the University’s black community,
but to all blacks in general.
"What we need to do is revitalize
the black culture as a whole," said
treasurer candidate Ransom, "not
just here at UB but throughout the
country."
Meanwhile, Young sought to
increase awareness of the South
African situation.
"What's going on in South Africa
is modem slavery, no matter what
anyone might call it," he said. "We
must work toward freeing our
brothers in South Africa."
Voting takes place April 27 to 29,
and while the results won't be
known until then, at least one
candidate is confident of victory.
"Judging from the amount of
work I've done," said presidential
candidate Oswaldo Mestre, "I've
already won."

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              <elementText elementTextId="1879860">
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  <item itemId="97699" public="1" featured="0">
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                    <text>BSU Could
Regain Its
Funding
By Douglas Oathout
Managing Editor

A loophole in the Student
Association Constitution may leave
open the opportunity for the Black
Student Union to obtain partial
funding for the 1988-89 academic
year.
Student Association Treasurer
Amy Hennisch said last week that
BSU would not be funded during
the 1988-89 academic year due to
its failure to follow budgetary
guidelines as established in the SA
Constitution.
The Black Student Union was
not included in the budget because
it failed to submit a request to the
treasurer by the deadline. Hennisch
said any attempt to include it in the
budget could mean violating the SA
Constitution.
But, "(the Constitution) doesn't
say that any group that doesn't
submit a budget request shouldn't
be funded," claimed Bob Tahara,
SA Senate chairman.
"It is possible that (BSU) will get
some funding, but I don't know
how much or where it will come
from," he added.
However, Hennisch cautioned
that funding BSU "could still pose a
Constitutional question.''
Tahara noted the Senate has the
power to restore funding, but was
skeptical about its chances.
"What they missed was the
deadline to be included in the
treasurer's preliminary draft...and
what the treasurer recommends is
not binding on the Senate," he said.
Theoretically, he added, the
Senate "can take the treasurer's first
proposal and turn it totally
around...the Senate has the power
to approve and amend (the budget)
and it can change any line."
However, he was skeptical of
BSU's chances for getting funded
should the budget pass through the
Finance Committee and budget
hearings without a line being added
for the organization.
"If the treasurer recommends
(after Finance Committee review)
that (BSU) doesn't get a budget,
chances are they will not get a
budget or if they do, it will be very
small," Tahara said.
Since a new SA treasurer will be
elected in two weeks, Hennisch
suggested the issue could depend on
who gets into office.
"The person coming into office
could influence the final appearance
of the budget," she said.

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&#13;
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&#13;
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                    <text>UB Briefs
BSU Tries to Recover Budget
The Black Student Union met Friday afternoon to plot, a
strategy in an attempt to recover its budget for next year. BSU lost
its budget when it failed to turn in its request for next year.
At the meeting attended by about 35 students, BSU members
mentioned three steps for mobilization. The first will be a rally
held Wednesday at noon in Capen lobby. BSU will also start a
letter campaign, sending notes to Student Association Senators
and the campus publications. The third step will have BSU
members showing up at the Senate meeting Thursday.
While the focus of the one-hour meeting was on regaining the
funding, several BSU members voiced their discontent with the
current BSU board, none of whom were present at the gathering.

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                    <text>The Spectrum
Wednesday 24 February 1988 Volume 38 Number 56

State University Of New York At Buffalo

BSU Loses Funding For Next Year
By Douglas Oathout
Managing Editor

The Black Student Union will
not be funded during the 1988-89
academic year due to its failure to
submit a budget request to the
Student Association treasurer by
Feb. 12.
As of yesterday Student
Association Treasurer Amy
Hennisch had not received the
budget request. Therefore, she said,
BSU will not be included in the
1988-89 SA budget, and any attempt
to include it now could mean
violating the SA Constitution.
Budget was submitted
But BSU President Sandra Chase

claims the budget was submitted
Feb. 12 at 5:45 P.M. (still before the
deadline), but refused to comment
further.
"It was submitted, and that is all
I have left to say," Chase said
yesterday.
This year BSU received $24,950
from SA. According to Hennisch, it
would have received a similar
amount next year had it submitted
a budget request before the
deadline.
"Now they will have to take the
issue up with the Finance
Committee and the Senate," she
said.
Hennisch will be submitting her
budget to the Finance Committee
today.
"It's really sad (it
lost
funding), they are a good

organization. I just don't understand
why (its request) is not in,"
Hennisch said. "Obviously people
knew
about
the
deadlines...(because) out of 150
organizations, BSU is the only
active club that didn’t submit a
request."
"No choice"
Hennisch said she had no choice
but to not include BSU in the
1988-89 budget since BSU violated
budgetary guidelines as established
in the SA Constitution.
The clause Hennisch referred to
was Article 7, Section 1,A which
states: "All Student Association
organizations recognized with
funding must, by the second Friday
in February, submit a written line
item budget request to the
Treasurer of the Student
Association."
While Hennisch told BSU officers
last week that she hadn't received a
budget request, she formally
notified them yesterday that they
would not receive specific funding
for the 1988-89 academic year.
The memorandum sent by
Hennisch to BSU stated: "As of
today's date I have still not received
a budget request from you for the
1988-89 academic year. According
to the SA Constitution, the deadline
for handing in requests for the

"It's really sad (it
lost funding),
they are a good
organization. I
just don't
understand why
(its request) is
not in."

Amy Hennisch

SA Treasurer
1988-89
February
"As a
included
You will
Finance
Senate."

budget was Friday,
12th, 1988.
result, BSU will not be
in the 1988-89 budget.
have to appeal this to the
Committee and the

Funding could be restored
Hennisch conceded that funding
could be restored to BSU "if the
Senate votes to do so." But in so
doing she added, the Senate would

be compromising the SA
Constitution and, conceivably,
someone could ask for the removal
of the senators on the grounds that
they violated the Constitution.
Also, she said, that if she had
included BSU in the 1988-89
budget, she would have violated the
SA Constitution and therefore
would have been subject to
impeachment.
The Black Student Union, if it is
see BSU page 3

�BSU

continued from page 1

to receive funding for any of its
programs next year, will have to
request funding from the SA
Minority Affairs Coordinator, who
has been budgeted $5,000.
Another avenue it may wish to
explore will be the new "special
activities fund" for students which
Hennisch just created.

Hennisch said the money which
would have gone to BSU has been
distributed to fund or partially fund
other areas such as the special
activities fund, a Student
Association newsletter, the SA van
and for increases in some student
clubs.

Wednesday, 24 February 1988 . The Spectrum

3

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                    <text>Tape Tells of Modern Day Slavery
By L. Jane Greenberg
Spectrum Staff Writer

The fundamental ideas of the All­
African People's Revolutionary
Party were discussed Thursday at a
meeting of the Black Student
Union.
The All-African People's
Revolutionary Party works towards
pan-Africanism, "the total
liberation and unification of Africa
under scientific socialism," said a
pamphlet distributed by the
A-APRP. They also work to break
down apartheid, which was
instituted by Dutch settlers in
South Africa in 1948.
"Under apartheid, the African
masses are 20th century slaves. The
African majority, who are over 70
percent of the population, are forced
to live on 13 percent of the worst
and most barren land," the political
leaflet said.
A video was also shown of
Kwame Toure, a leading black
activist in the United States. The
video had been filmed during a 1983

speech held at the Erie Community
College City campus. Toure
brought up the point that "all
people who are oppressed cannot be
free until they are conscious...they
know more about Michael Jackson
than (about) Jesse Jackson."
Racism was a means of justifying
the kidnapping and enslavement of
the African people and the theft of
their land, according to Toure. The
Europeans realized what a rich
continent Africa really is. Among
Africa's wealth are mines of
platinum, cobalt, lead, gold, iron,
coal, chromium, silver and
diamonds. Africa also contains
enough power sources (oil,
hydroelectric, and coal) to develop a
powerful nation.
Taken advantage of
They have been taken advantage
of, and Toure and the A-APRP
would like to change that.
"We have to fight, fight, fight,
until we're all killed or until we
destroy the enemy," Toure said.

Backbone
"All people of African descent,
whether they live in North or South
America, the Caribbean, or in any
other part of the world, are Africans

and belong to the African Nation."
So states Kwame Nkrumah in his
book, Class Struggle in Africa. This
belief is the backbone of the All­
African People's Revolutionary
Party, which seeks, according to the
pamphlet, to "educate and organize
the masses of exploited and
oppressed Africans living, suffering,
and struggling in Africa and over 61
other countries in the world." The
A-APRP represents a development
in the struggle of black people
against exploitation, dispersion,
depersonalization, and humiliation.

Constant struggle
Kwame Nkrumah, co-chairman
of the 5th Pan-African Congress at
the end of World War 2,
implemented and taught socialist
pan-African principles, practices
and policies to help liberate and
unify Africa under scientific
socialism; they have been named
Nkrumahism in his honor. Some of
the principles of Nkrumahism
include: Humanism, egalitari
anism, collectivism, dialectical and
historical materialism, scientific
socialism, and the primacy of
Africa. In the words of Toure, "The
only way any people will be free is
by constant struggle."

�</text>
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Most of the material was issued on newsprint, and the material is now extremely fragile as a result of heavy use.&#13;
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                    <text>Organizer to Address BSU
On Pan-African Unification
The organizer of the all-African
People's Revolutionary Party will be
the keynote speaker Thursday
evening at a meeting of the Black
Student Union.
Kwame Toure, one of the leading
black activists in the U.S., will
address the public on many issues,
including his association with the
Black Panthers, anti-apartheid, and
Pan-Africanism, in Diefendorf 147
at 7:30 P.M.
"Pan-Africanism involves the
importance of unification among
black students and black people in

general," Josie Rollan, a member of
the Black Student Union, said.
"Black unity is important. It's
important in order to organize for
liberation."
Kwame has been at the forefront
of the struggle for black rights. He
has been a leading activist for civil
rights, and provided leadership in
the black-power movement. He has
also been a driving force in the
student non-violent coordinating
committee.

potential members to join their
clubs. Whichever track you choose,
you will stay with the same people
the whole day and get a chance to
get to know them better.
Former UB student to speak
The keynote speaker this year
will be Phil Samuels, a graduate of
UB who also did work on his Ph.D.
here. While doing his graduate
work, Samuels taught such courses
as Business Administration,
Communication Skills, and
Organizational Communication.
Right now, he is head of Human
Resources at Goldome, and owns
his own rapidly growing graphic
design business.
"He's good at motivating
see Leaders page 9

�Leaders
continued from page 3

students and is a very powerful
speaker," claims Brodka.
Just in case you do not think this
conference is right for you, Brodka
believes it is important to mention
that the conference "isn't only for
people who are leaders now on
campus, but for people who just
want to work on their own
leadership development."
The conference costs $10 in
advance and $12 at the door. The
expense covers lunch, a coffee break
mid-morning, and a reception after
the conference, where you'll get a
chance
to
mingle
with
administrators and lecturers.

�</text>
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                    <text>SUNY at Buffalo’s Black Student Union Presents

Breakfast at Tiffany's
Woman's Appreciation Dinner
Sunday, March 25th 2012

Harriman Hall, UB South Campus 6:00 PM- 9:00 PM

Ladies come enjoy Free entertainment,
food and be prepared tobe catered to!

Paid for by your mandatory student activity fees!

�</text>
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                    <text>Black Student Union
presents

Hurricane Katrina:

The Aftermath (with excerpts from the Spike Lee
documentary)
All Are Welcome!!
Wednesday, September 27, 2006
Contact Us At:
Location: 145B Student Union
BSU1967@gmail.com
Time: 5PM Sharp
Paid by your mandatory student fees

�</text>
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                    <text>The Black Student Union
Presents

The Welcome Back BBQ
Music By
DJ Blu Boi

Free Food
Game

from Jet Blu
Soundz

Coming Soon
Sickle Cell Auction
09/30/06

Contact Us At BSU1967@gmail.com
Celebrating 40 Years of Existence

September 3, 2006 Goodyear

Lawn 12 PM- Dusk Rain
Location: Harriman Hall

�</text>
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                    <text>The Black
Student Union
Present
Black Solidarity Day

Student Union
Lobby
November 7th, 2011

Black solidarity week

March At 1:30 PM
All
Black

Everything

Black Solidarity day Mon, Nov
Student7th 2011

Union

BMU&amp;BWU"Batleofthesex s" Mon,Nov7th201 at5PM SU145E
Lobby 10AM- 3PM $2 plates of food

10:00AM 4:30PM

Soul Food Will
be
sold $3

PODER &amp; B.S.U. "Incarceration Targeted Races Wed, Nov 9th 2011 at 5PMSU 145B

M.M.S &amp; B.S.U. "open for business"
Tues, Nov 8th, 2011 at 5PM Su 145C
C.S.A. &amp; B.S.U. "Higher

per plate

A.S.A. &amp; B.S.U. "The truth

Learning" Friday Nov. 10th 2011, SU 145A

untold" Thursday
SU 145BNov. 10th, 2011
Paid for by mandatory student fees

Paid for by your mandatory student activity fees

�</text>
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                <text>THE BLACK STUDENT UNION&lt;br /&gt;Present..........&lt;br /&gt;BLACK SOLIDARITY DAY&lt;br /&gt;STUDENT UNION&lt;br /&gt;LOBBY&lt;br /&gt;NOVEMBER 7TH, 2011&lt;br /&gt;MARCH AT 1:30PM&lt;br /&gt;ALL BLACK EVERYTHING&lt;br /&gt;10:00AM-4:30PM&lt;br /&gt;SOUL FOOD WILL&lt;br /&gt;BE SOLD&lt;br /&gt;$3 PER PLATE&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;PAID FOR BY MANDATORY STUDENT FEES&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The Black Student Union presents...&lt;br /&gt;BLACK SOLIDARITY WEEK&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Black Solidarity Day&lt;br /&gt;Mon, Nov 7th 2011&lt;br /&gt;Student Union Lobby&lt;br /&gt;10am-3pm&lt;br /&gt;$2 plates of food&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;BMU&amp;amp;MWU&lt;br /&gt;"Battle of the Sexes"&lt;br /&gt;Mon, Nov 7th, 2011 at 5pm&lt;br /&gt;SU 145E&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;M.M.S. &amp;amp; B.S.U.&lt;br /&gt;"Open for business"&lt;br /&gt;Tues, Nov 8th, 2011 at 5pm&lt;br /&gt;SU 145C&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;PODER&amp;amp;B.S.U.&lt;br /&gt;"Incarceration: Targeted Races"&lt;br /&gt;Wed, Nov 9th, 2011 at 5pm&lt;br /&gt;SU 145B&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;A.S.A.&amp;amp;B.S.U.&lt;br /&gt;"The Truth Untold"&lt;br /&gt;Thursday Nov 10th, 2011&lt;br /&gt;SU145B&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;C.S.A.&amp;amp;B.S.U.&lt;br /&gt;"Higher Learning"&lt;br /&gt;Friday Nov 10th, 2011&lt;br /&gt;SU 145A&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;*Paid for by your mandatory student activity fees*</text>
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                    <text>University at Buffalo's
Black Student Union prints

University at Buffalo's Blade Student Union presents

Scavenger Hunt

Howard
University

[Parts (Round
$230
of text cut
Trip
off]

Hotel &amp; Greek
tickets)

$180(bus&amp; Greek
Show tickets)

Homecoming 2011
OCT
[il egible] 2011

the SU lobby
accurate head
RSVP to this event

$30 Wegmans
Group
Prize:
cards

if you plan on

Paid for by your mandatory student activity fees Paid for byoyur mandatory student activity fees

Tickets

SBI [text cut off]

�</text>
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                <text>University at Buffalo's&lt;br /&gt;Black Student Union presents&lt;br /&gt;SCAVENGER HUNG&lt;br /&gt;[?] 8th 2011&lt;br /&gt;the SU lobby&lt;br /&gt;GROUP PRIZE:&lt;br /&gt;$30 Wegmans cards&lt;br /&gt;[?] an accurate head&lt;br /&gt;[?] please RSVP to this event&lt;br /&gt;[?] if you plan on&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;paid for by your mandatory student activity fees&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;University at Buffalo's Black Student Union presents...&lt;br /&gt;HOWARD UNIVERSITY&lt;br /&gt;$230 (Round Trip&lt;br /&gt;Hotel &amp;amp; Greek Ste[?]&lt;br /&gt;tickets)&lt;br /&gt;$180 (bus &amp;amp; Greek&lt;br /&gt;Show tickets)&lt;br /&gt;HOMECOMING 2011&lt;br /&gt;OCT&lt;br /&gt;Tickets&lt;br /&gt;SBI Ticket [?]&lt;br /&gt;Paid for by your mandatory student activity fees</text>
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                    <text>Pre-Kwanzaa Dinner
Sunday, December 4th, 2011

@6PM

UB South Harriman Hall

Free Food &amp; Entertainment
Join us for food and fellowship as we commemorate this

holiday rooted in African and African American culture.

�</text>
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The Annual
Pre-Kwanzaa Dinner

Friday, December 7, 2007

Harriman

Hall (South
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Good or
a Local

6:00 PM Please Bring a Canned
Clean Clothing to be Donated to

Charity!

Paid for by your mandatory

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Monday September 25, 5 PM. 145 E Student Union

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The Lack of Black Male Leadership on Campus

How is this Affecting the UB Community?
Monday September 25, 5 PM. 145 E Student Union

�</text>
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The Enlightened Women of

Alpha Beta Sigma Sorority, Inc.
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Saturday, September 30th 2006
Student Union Theatre- UB North
Doors Open at 4PM
Auction Starts at 5PM
Price: $5 w/student id $ 7 w/o

Contact info: Shireen 917-432-6706
Soror Shavonne 716-390-4880
Paidfor by mandatory studentfees

�</text>
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                    <text>Black Student Union
presents

Necessity of Reinvestment in Black Economics

Wednesday, October 4th, 2006
Location: 145B Student Union
Time: 5PM Sharp
Paid for by your mandatory student fees

All Are Welcome!!
Contact Us At:
BSU1967@gmail.com

�</text>
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Union

Valentine's Day

Flowers
Sale!!!
Coat: Red Roses: $ 1.50 each
Carnations: $ .75 each (Ped or White)
Balloons.......
Taking Orders Now!
SA

or more Info Please Contact
Marisa: 829-4126
Student Association
Michelle: 836-6303

�</text>
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Discussion
Black Ain't Just A Color:
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Tuesday, February 26, 1991
7:00 PM In The Kiva
Sponsored By The Campus/Church
Coalition And The BSU

SA
Student Association

�</text>
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                    <text>Black History Month Films

The

Minority

Management

Society and

The Black Law Students Association
presents

"The Road To Brown”
(Brown v. Board of Education: The story of segregation and the
brilliant legal assault which launched the Civil Rights Movement)

February 26, 1991
6:00 P.M.
RM 109 O’Brian Hall

Tuesday,

"Mandela”
(An autobiography of freedom fighter Nelson Mandela narrated by
his wife Winnie Mandela)

Monday, March 4, 1991
6:30 P.M.
RM 109 O’Brian Hall
Co-Sponsored By:

Undergraduate Student Association, Minority
Affairs Division

Free Admission

�</text>
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                    <text>The

Black Student Union (SUNY AB)
Invites you to Celebrate:

BlackMonday
Solidarity
Day
Nov. 7th
11:30- Meet at the
Student Club (Ellicot)

'March on Solidarity!'
From Ellicot to Capen Lobby

In Capen Lobby

12:30- Assemble

3:00 Guest Speakers:
- Arthur O'Eve
- Archie Amos
- Dr. Robert Palmer
- Theodore Kirkland
- Prof. Charles Carr (Law)
- Prof. Carline Polite (Eng.)
- And Much More!

5:00- Katherine Cornell Theater (Ellicot)

'Africa

Our

Homeland'

Guest Speaker? Law School Prof. Kenata, Muhammad

7:00- Jane Keeler Room (Ellicot) U.B.
Gospel

Choir Presents:

'Family Gathering'

Don't Forget Wear Black!

Button &amp; Armbands
will be distributed

�</text>
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March
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)at 11:30 AM

SA

�</text>
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                    <text>This

is

what A.(active)
C.(commitment)
T. (togetherness)
wants

to

do

for the BSU
Black

Student
Union

Needs:
• Proper
Management
• Leadership
• Accountability
• Student Involvement
• Faculty/Staff Advisement
• More Activities

The BSU will grow
students need to come
together.. Get Involved

President Terry Lindsay
Vice President Kurt Young
TreasurerRoscoe Henderson
Activities Coordinator Scott Norman
Secretary Rhonda Raison

�BSU (Stabilizing The Organization)
It's time for the Black Student Union of the State
University of New York at Buffalo to
realize
its
full
potential.
ACT suggests that we reorder our priorities.
First, ACT proposes that we begin with the infrastructure of
the organization.
We as officers of this organization must
create a more open network of communication.
Communication is
an indispensable part of any
organization.
To successfully
accomplish this, ACT proposes that we establish a weekly forum
wherein all officers must attend.
This forum would also be
accessible to anyone genuinely interested in BSU.
This weekly
forum may appear to be too demanding for a full-time student,
but we believe being an officer of BSU must be accorded the
same amount of weight as any other collegiate activity.
BSU
is a student organization not a social club, and as such we as
officers have jobs to do that require a high
level of
commitment. If an officer is not ready to commit his/herself
then maybe he/she is not ready to lead BSU.
Another characteristic necessary of an officer of BSU is
responsibility.
The officers of an organization must be held
accountable for the actions of the organization on a whole.
As
officers we must lead the organization and be responsible for
any actions taken by the organization.
Unity
Secondly, ACT stresses the needfor unity among all
Afro-American students on campus.
This can be accomplished by
mobilizing all Afro-American students
on
campus under the
guidance and leadership of BSU.
To do this we must start from
the bottom and gradually climb our way tothe too.
We
must
begin by playing a larger role in the orientat
ion of Freshman to
university life, academic as well as social.
This will aid in
easing the transition from highschool to a large university
and all that it has to offer.
Also we should try to get
students to be more supportive of each other. One way this can
be done is by creating a tutorial program wherein students help
students on a more personal basis.
It works at the graduate
level
so there
is no reason why it can't work
at an
undergraduate level.
We should also establish a phone bank of
all BSU members.
This would aid in knocking down the barriers
that
constantly
hamper
communication
within
the
black
collegiate community as well as serve to increase attendance
to BSU functions and meetings.
We should also make students
more aware of student government and how to become involved.
There is no reason why BSU shouldn't have a ticket in every
election on campus.

�Events
Thirdly, ACT believes BSU should sponsor at least one
event per month.
It appears that BSU only concentrates on
sponsoring events around Black History Month.
As one of the
largest student organizations on campus with one of the largest
budgets, we feel BSU should sponsor events accordingly.
These
events may include speakers, cultural shows, rallies, picnics,
award presentations, etc. We should make an earnest attempt to
get professionals to attend BSU spon
sored seminars in all
different fields of study.
BSU should also have fundraisers
for different charitable organizations in the community, and
take an active part in community workshops.
Opposing Apartheid
We the Black students in a free, democratic society are
obligated to help our brothers and sisters in South Africa.
The system of apartheid that exists today in South Africa is
slavery in disguise.
Despite the recent lack of press coverage
on the issue, the Black majority in South Africa are still
being oppressed by the blatantly racist white minority regime.
Our representatives in Congress have passed a bill that would
impose minimal economic sanctions against the South African
government, but president Reagan refuses to enforce these
sanctions.
On the contrary, the Reagan administration has
helped to foster this system of racial dehumanization By
supplying the South African backed Unita forces with weapons to
invade the neighboring countries.
We, the students of America,
must
do
everything within our
power
to put
an end
to
apartheid.
If this requires taking mart in rallies, marches or
sit-ins, we must be willing to commit ourselves to this cause.
We must ACT to put an end to apartheid.
It is our duty as
students in a democratic society to defend human rights abroad.

Interaction
Fourthly, ACT emphasizes the need for BSU to interact with
the other ethnic and liberal-minded organizations on campus.
It is very important for all ethnic and liberal organizations
on campus to unify.
This helps us to overcome the barriers of
race and culture to work together.
If we can create a better
relationship
and understanding among different ethnic groups
at a collegiate level, imagine what can be done when we are
tomorrow's leaders.
This serves several other purposes as
well: events sponsored by one organization would be attended by
members of the other organizations as well.
This would also
aid in decreasing the number of time conflicts among scheduled
events.
Lastly, this liberal coalition would serve to combat
the conservative biases of the Spectrum, the apparent racial
biases
of
Public
Safety,
and
create
stronger
minority
involvement in student government.

�The Sanctuary (BSU Office)
In closing, we would like to accentuate the necessity for
the BSU office to serve as a sanctuary for all Afro-American
students, not only a select few. We must work at creating more
of a family atmosphere among all Blacks on campus.
The BSU
office should be a place where one can find information on
prominent Hack figures and contributions, past as well as
present. A place where students may relax between classes, and
finally, a place where students can become better acqu
ainted.
The Black Student Union must reach its full potential.
To get there we must be,
Active, Committed and Together

Vote Act, Terry Lindsay for President
Kurt Young for Vice President
Roscoe Henderson for Treasurer
Scott Norman for Activities Coordinator
Rhonda Raison for Secretary
April 27th, 28th, &amp; 29th in Capen Lobby

�Vote for:
Active

B.S.U.
Elections
Weds. 4-27 to Fri. 4-29
_____ Capen Lobby

Commitment

Togetherness
Act Now for the continued
success of the
Black Student Union
Only with your involvement
can we make this a strong
Organization
President
Terry Lindsay
Treasurer
Roscoe Henderson

Vice
President
Kurt Young

Secretary
Rhonda Raison

Activities Coordinator
Scott Norman

�</text>
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                    <text>Vote for:

B.S.U.
Elections
Weds. 4-27 to Fri. 4-29
Capen Lobby

Active

Committment

Togetherness

Act Now for the continued
success of the
Black Student Union
Only with your involvement
can we make this a strong
Organization
President
Terry Lindsay

Treasurer
Roscoe Henderson

Vice
President
Kurt Young

Secretary
Rhonda Raison

Activities Coordinator
Scott Norman

�</text>
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Pan — Hellenic Council
Cora P. Maloney College

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Today
Capen Lobby 11:00 AM
Speaking on: Disarmament
Sponsored by

Black Student Union

Jesse Jackson
Rainrow

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                    <text>1st Annual Movie Days

Tues. Feb. 8th

- Dr. Martin Luther King; Montgomery to
Memphis
- Dr Martin Luther King; "I Have a
Dream"
- Black History, Lost Stolen or Strayed
Wed. Feb. 9th

- "Brothers" (the story that
Portrays the relationship between George Jack
-Son and Angela Davis Starring Bernie Casey,
Vonetta McGee and Ron O'neal
Place: Woldman Theater (Norton Hall, amherst
campus) Time: 8:00 PM. (Both Nights)

Admission:
Free "Come, support
your Black Student Union."

�</text>
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                    <text>Attention...

On February 1 and 2, 1983 in the Hoot Court Room of the State University of New York
at Buffalo, Faculty of Law and Jurisprudence, there will be a symposium addressing
one of the most controversial subjects of our time. The symposium is entitled:
The Struggle for Liberation in Southern Africa: Issues and Answers.

On February 1 Dr. Japhet Zwana of the State University of New York at Albany
will deliver a powerful talk on the current socio/political climate in Southern
Africa.
On February 2 there will be a panel discussion, which shall attempt to expose
all sides of the issue. The panelists include:
Dr. Japhet Zwana -- Professor of African Studies. SUNY/Albany

Ms. Virginia Leary -- Professor of Law, SUNY/Buffalo School of Law
Dr. Andre Visser — Representative of the South African Foundation
Mr.

Gregory Frost -- Southern Africa Desk Officer, U.S. State Department

Mr. David Ndaba -- Representative of the African National Congress

Ms. Adrien Wing — (Moderator) Law Associate with the firm of Curtis, MalletPrevost, Colt &amp; MosIe, New York City

There will be a lengthy question and answer period.

Please come and encourage others to as well as we debate this explosive issue.
Date:

February 1 and 2

Time:

7:00 P.M.

Place:

Moot Court

Room, SUNY/Buffalo Law School

Information#: 636-2234, 2002 or 2316
Sponsoring organizations include among others:

Cora P. Maloney Co11ege
The Faculty of Law and Jurisprudence
The Black American Law Students Association (BALSA)
The Latino, Asian and Native American Law Students Association
The Black Student Union
Association of Women Law Students
Student Bar Association

�</text>
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&#13;
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Making Progress

&amp; walkin' proud

Attention Students!!
The Black Student Union
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General Assembly Meeting
WED. Oct. 27, 6:00

DFN. 147

Main Street Campus

Come, and Grow With Us!
[1982]

�</text>
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Black Student Union

Meeting
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Place: Fargo Lounge
Bldg. #5,

Second Floor

Time: 4:00 PM

Be There!!

�</text>
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University Homecoming Weekend

Date: Thur's Oct. 15, 1981Sun. Oct. 18, 1981

Destination:

Howard University Washington,
D.C. Donation: $45.00

Round Trip

Inclues: 2 nights in

Howard Hotel

Roundtrip Coach

to Washington, D.C. First
Depost Due: $20.00

monday Sept. 21, 1981 Second Depost

Due: $25.00 Friday Oct. 2, 1981
Contact B.S.U. Office

335 Squire Hall

Phone # 831-3508

�</text>
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Union at our Orientation Picnic "81"
Date: Sat. Sept. 19,1981

Time: 12:00 Noon Place:
Picnic area, amherst campus

Near Tennis Courts
There will be free food!

Plenty of music to boogie
to! Come meet the

students!

Come meet the
board members!

For more infor contact he B.S.U. office
Room 335 Squire, Phone 831-3508

�</text>
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Presents
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Saturday April 25th

Buses leaving Ellicott and
Main St. 8:30 AM promptly
Cost $2.00 per hour

�</text>
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Black Student Union
State University

of

New York at Buffalo

355 Squire Hall • Buffalo, New York 14214 • (716) 831-5421

Attention All persons

interested in running

for

office

in

the upcoming BSU
Elctions please

contact the office
located in RM. 335

Squire, 831-3508 Elctions
will be held April 20-22

�</text>
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                    <text>[3/18/81]

Black Student Union
State University of New York at Buffalo

355 Squire Hall • Buffalo, New York 14214 • (716) 831-3508

Presents

Dr. John Henrik Clarke
Renowned Afrikan World Scholar
and

Journalist
Chairman
Dept. of Black and Puerto Rican
Studies, Hunter College N.Y.C.

Editor- Freedomways Magazine

To

lecture on: Afrikan
people within the main currents of
world history past and present.
Wednesday March 25, 7:00 PM

Filmore RM.

Squire Hall, University of Buffalo (Main

St.) Free Admission

�</text>
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[2/13/81]

Student Union

State University Of New York At Buffalo

355 Squire Hall • Buffalo, New York 14214 • (716) 831-3508

Emergency

Mass Meeting
Wednesday Feb. 18, 1981
RM. 339 Squire Hall 4:30 PM
The Serpent is Loose,
The Hour has come,
We better organize
today, or Tommarrow we'll be None

This Means You

Be There!

�</text>
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Black Student Union
State University Of New York At Buffalo

355 Squire Hall • Buffalo, New York 14214 • (716) 831-3508

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Mike

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Monday

PM

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16,

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University of Buffalo

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8:00

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                    <text>[1972]

University of Buffalo SA.
Minority Student Affairs Black

Student Union Presents

Ossie Davis
and

Ruby Dee
Mon. April 30th, 8:00 PM
Fillmore Room

Norton

Union

UB

Admission: 75 Cents $
1.50 Non-Students

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                    <text>Students Prepare to Observe Hanukkah, Kwanzaa
BSU Stresses Unity, Values at
Kwanzaa Teach-In

Students End Semester With
Eight Days of Hanukkah

By Natia Daviti

Staff Writer

By Erica Hood
Staff Writer

When the Christmas trees and meno
rahs go up in homes and storefronts every
December, few people need to ask what
they stand for - such symbols are almost
inescapable during the holiday season.
When decorations go up for Kwanzaa,
however, many people are left to ask
what exactly this third December holiday
is all about.
Saturday night in the Student Union,
over 100 UB students, staff and alumni
gathered to shed some light on the lesserknown holiday and celebrating Kwanzaa
at an annual dinner sponsored by the
Black Student Union.

With Hanukkah set to start Tuesday
night, hundreds of Jewish students at UB
will celebrate the Festival of Lights for
the next eight days by either going home
to family, or lighting candles and swap
ping presents with friends on campus.
“I am so excited to go home for Hanuk
kah,” said Jon Goldberg, a junior com
munications major. “I usually go home
every year, and this year is no different.
Celebrating with your family is extreme
ly important during this festival. There’s
nothing else out there quite like it.”
A celebration of the Jewish victory
over Greek conquerors over 2,000 years

see BSU page 2

[9/5
BSU]

Danick Baron / The Spectrum

Students light candles Saturday night in a ceremony part
of the annual Kwanzaa dinner, sponsored by the Black
Student Union.

[Spectrum 12/6/04]

see Hanukkah page 2

�BSU: Seven Candles
from front page

“For people who don’t really
understand what Kwanzaa is about,
this dinner is a great experience for
them,” said Christopher Brown,
a first year graduate student and
BSU member. “It’s important to
celebrate African American culture
within such a large university.”
An African American and panAfrican cultural holiday, Kwanzaa
was first celebrated in 1966 in the
aftermath of brutal race riots and
the Black Freedom Movement.
Ron Everett, a professor at the
University of California at Long
Beach, created the holiday to cel
ebrate family, community, and the
seven principles called “Nguzo
Saba.”
Unity, self-determination, col
lective work and responsibility,
cooperative economics, purpose,
creativity, and faith are all fun
damentals highlighted during the
days of Kwanzaa and applied to
life throughout the year.
“I take whatever I learn about
Kwanzaa here and bring it back
home with me,” said Deidra
McBean, a second year graduate
student in economics. “It’s impor
tant to practice the foundations of
Kwanzaa. It’s a good way to live.”
Organizers said Saturday’s
unseasonably nice weather made it
easier for more people to attend the
cultural event.
“Snowstorms have plagued
us the past couple of years and
haven’t allowed many who were
interested in attending to be able
to, so we really lucked out this
time,” said Terrell Monroe, a UB
alumnus who was a speaker at the
dinner.
The holiday itself, which is not
religious, runs for a week from

Dec. 26 to Jan. 1.
Black Student Union organizers
said the celebration was meant to
give a background on the holiday
and answer questions for those
who are interested in learning
more about it.
The dinner featured all of the
seven symbols of Kwanzaa.
The Kinara, or candleholder,
represents continental Africans
and ancestors. The Mkeka, or mat,
represents the tradition and history
that today’s Africans build their
lives around. The Mazao, or crops,
are symbolic of the African harvest
celebrations and the rewards of
productive and collective labor.
The last key symbol is Mishu
maa Saba, the seven candles,
which symbolize the Seven Prin
ciples, and provide a set of values,
which people are encouraged to
live their lives by.
The night also showcased the
Daemen College step troupe and
gospel choir. The neighboring col
lege was invited to join in on the
festivities to stress the importance
of a cohesive community.
“The whole idea is to make the
annual Kwanzaa dinner a family
and community event, and Dae
men’s presence really helps us to
that,” Monroe said.
Although the dinner featured a
traditional and hearty menu, for
those who attended, the event was
about far more than good food.
“Coming together at the end of
the semester to have a good time
and eat food is fun,” said Robyn
Liverpool, a senior business major
and BSU member. “But learning
good ways to live and the strength
of community is invaluable.”

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                    <text>[9/5]
The Spectrum [11/1/04]

BSU Plans a Day of Unity and Celebration
By Juby Kuriakose
Staff Writer
Students will come together
Tuesday to honor and reflect
upon the countless contributions
and accomplishments of AfricanAmericans throughout the ages
as they celebrate Black Solidarity
Day.
The concept for Black Soli
darity Day came from a play by
Douglas Turner Ward titled “Day
of Absence,” according to Simone
Hicks, Black Student Union Presi
dent.
“(The play) illustrated social,
political and economical conse
quences for the nation if black
people weren’t present,” she said.
The first Black Solidarity Day
was observed in 1969 and was
founded by Dr. Carlos E. Russell,
a professor at Brooklyn College.
Russell, himself a playwright,
author and community activist,
enacted the observance on his own
campus, but it is now celebrated
nationwide.
“This is a day held prior to
general elections in which blacks
throughout the country abstain
from participation in social, politi
cal and economic affairs of the
nation,” Brooklyn College’s Web
site stated. “By their absence,

blacks and others peacefully
oppose racism, and social and civil
injustices.”
The Black Student Union, how
ever, will commemorate the event
on Election Day.
“Since the election does attract
media attention, the African Amer
icans who began this celebration
wanted to show the political
strength in the African-American
community,” said Hicks.
According to Hicks, UB’s
Black Solidarity Event will be a
day of harmony to demonstrate a
rededication to the movement for
freedom and justice.
Participants will commemorate
the day with a march from the bus
stop at Governor’s to the Student
Union. Marchers, dressed in black,
will gather at 10 A.M. and remain
in the Student Union until 1 P.M.,
according to Keisha Etienne, BSU.
treasurer.
“We are not trying to protest,
but instead we are celebrating our
accomplishments as members of
this society and we are trying to
educate our peers,” said Hicks.
The day’s events are not limited
to just the African-Americans on
campus, but will incorporate other
minority groups as well.
“Historians from our association
will be hosting the event but we

will also have tables set up in the
Student Union, representing dif
ferent minority groups on campus
because there are a lot of them and
we try to include them all on this
day,” said Hicks.
The UB Step Troupe will pro
vide entertainment as will the Afri
can inspired dance group Sankofa!
BSU historians will give speeches
and lectures, Hicks said.
According to Hicks, an impor
tant goal of BSU is to educate
young people on the importance
of the vote, and the history of the
struggle of African-Americans to
obtain that right.
Tuesday’s events will spill
over into a weeklong celebration.
BSU will visit the Zion Domin
ion Church of God in downtown
Buffalo on Wednesday evening
to speak to the youth group about
community leadership, Hicks
said. Events such as this one aim
not only to commemorate black
achievements of the past, but also
to ensure that black people will
remain empowered in the future.
“The importance of Black Soli
darity Day is the importance of our
people as a whole and being able to
vote and being able to say proudly
that we can celebrate what we have
accomplished within our commu
nity,” said Hicks.

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                    <text>The Spectrum

14

BSU demonstrates political strength and unity
By Keely Sheehan

Staff Writer

The Black Student Union
(BSU) celebrated Black Solidar
ity Day this past Monday The
national event that began in
1969 at Brooklyn College is held
every year on the Monday before
Election Day to recognize the
strength of the African American
community.
“Black Solidarity Day allows
society and the student body to
know the importance of what
the black community contributes
to society,” said William Donovan,
BSU president.
The event opened with a
rendition of the Black National
Anthem, “Lift up Your Voice and
Sing,” and a walk from the Student
Union to Capen Hall. Students
stopped to show their support
in the Promenade and Founder’s
Plaza. Though rainy weather cut
the walk short, it did not deter
the group’s enthusiasm, accord
ing to Patrice Gordon, BSU vice
president.
“People seem to have enjoyed
it,” she said.
After the walk, James Pappas,
Ph.D., associate professor of
African American Studies, gave a
speech about the importance of
black unity amid the red, black
and green balloons decorating
the Union. The colors represent
ed the Pan-African flag, a sym
bol of black pride, according to
a pamphlet distributed by the
BSU.
Students made pillows with
African fabrics and were able
to visit booths set up by various

clubs and organizations to pro
mote their groups.
The UB Step Troupe was pres
ent with their first-place trophy
from the recent Buffalo State
Step Competition in hand. UB
Step Troupe President Herlynne
Pierre attributed the group’s
success in part to the unity advo
cated by Black Solidarity Day and
the BSU.
“The BSU is a club that people
look up to. It represents all the
minority clubs on campus,” she
said. “Were excited to be here
and promote unity within our
own club.”
The African SA (ASA) also set
up a table in the Union. Accord
ing to Fadima Kamara, a member
of the ASA and sophomore com
munication major, Black Solidar
ity Day helps to draw students’
attention to the many opportuni
ties available to them on campus.
“It brings awareness to the
black community on campus, to
let people know we're here and
can make a difference,” Kamara
said. “We need to stick together
and support each other. If we
don’t support each other, who
will?”
While the main focus of Black
Solidarity Day is the social and
political strength of African
Americans, the day represents
all minority groups, according to
Donovan.
“It gives students the oppor
tunity to learn about what other
minorities contribute to the US,”
he said. “It’s a chance to learn
more about other people.”
Because it is held right before
Election Day, Black Solidarity Day

reminds people of the impor
tance of political awareness.
Going even beyond issues of
race, it serves to remind people
of the problems facing the world
as a whole.
“Everyone thinks there’s noth
ing left to fight for,” said Kevin
Southern, a sophomore political
science major."We need to recog
nize that there are things wrong
with society.”
He noted problems with the
government, the economy and
the war in Iraq as just a few of the
issues facing the world today.
“It’s important to take time out
to realize what’s going on,” he
said.
According to Donovan, those
observing and supporting Black
Solidarity Day traditionally forgo
participation in any political,
economic or social affairs.
“With this peaceful absence,
African Americans and others
passively oppose racism, as well
as social and civil injustices, on a
global level,” Southern said.
Donovan encouraged Black
Solidarity Day supporters to
wear all black to show their unity
and support for the cause.
“I think it’s amazing how you
pass the same people (on your
way) to class everyday, but for
everyone to come together as
one, it’s beautiful to see,” said
Elijah Coleman, a sophomore
theater and dance major.“It’s not
something you see everyday.”

E-mail: spectrum-news@buffalo.edu

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                    <text>• African-American Spending Habits

Volume 1, Issue 3

• Black Wall Street

October 4,2006

• A Racist Media
• This Week In Black History

The
Black
Grapevine

African-American Spending Habits
By Ekua Mends-Aidoo
In a recent article it
explained
that
African
Americans suffer “not from the
lack of money, but the inability
to manage it.” This quote can be
directly attributed to the fact that
based on worker income alone
African Americans produced
$586 billion in 2004. This figure
was faintly smaller than the
overall GDP of Brazil in 2006
and also 80% of Russia’s GDP in
2005,
even though
their
populations are 4 to 5 times the
size of the population of African
Americans. In comparison it has
been said that the income rates
of African Americans in 2004
would have been ranked as the
“15th largest GDP internationally
out of 177 ranked,” even though
the unemployment rate is 10.3

percent.
These figures come as no
surprise as one takes a look at
consumer spending habits of
African
Americans.
Basic
necessities such as shelter, food,
and clothing were ranked high
amongst the list, yet African
Americans spent exceptionally
more on clothing than all other
ethnic groups. Among our
favorite purchases are cars. When
observing
the
rates
of
transportation and vehicles, again
African
Americans
spent
exceedingly more than other
ethnic groups did, spending
approximately
$45
billion.
Unfortunately, the only area in
which
African
Americans’
spending has been declining is on
books and other educational

materials. A total purchase of
books has declined since 2001
going from a net purchase of
$356 million to $303 million.
The priority of African
American spending is obvious;
educational resources ranks low
while other material possessions
are at the top of the list. If
African Americans realized our
dominant spending power and
capability, we could influence the
future
generations
and
communities to be more
successful as a whole. If we
reduced the over consumption
of depreciable materials and
invested more in education, it
would benefit our growth and
maximize our potential as a
whole.

Sickle Cell Charity Auction

On Saturday, September 30, 2006, the Black Student Union in conjunction with the Enlightened women or
Alpha Beta Sigma Sorority, Incorporated held the Annual Sickle Cell Charity Auction. A total of $2419 was
raised, which will be contributed to the ongoing efforts to “break the sickle cycle.” Both organizations sincerely
thank all the participants and other supporters that made this event as successful as it was. They also look forward
to your continued support in future events.

�The Black Grapevine

Page 2

Black Wall Street
A Summary of Dr. Leroy Vaughn’s “Black (Negro Wall Street)” from the book Black People and their Place in World History

By Darnell Cummings

The "Black (Negro) Wall
Street” was the name given to
Greenwood Avenue of North Tulsa,
Oklahoma during the early 1900’s.
Because of strict segregation, Blacks
were only allowed to shop, spend,
and live in a 35 square block area
called the Greenwood district. The
’’circulation of Black dollars” only in
the Black community produced a
tremendously prosperous Black
business district that was admired
and envied by the whole country.
Oklahoma’s first African-American
settlers were Indian slaves of the socalled ’’Five Civilized Tribes”:
Chickasaws, Choctaws, Cherokees,
Creeks, and Seminoles. These tribes
were
forced
to
leave
the
Southeastern United States and
resettle in Oklahoma in mid-winter
over the infamous ’’Trail of Tears.”
After the Civil War, U.S.-Indian
treaties provided for slave liberation
and land allotments ranging from
40-100 acres, which helps explain
why over 6000 African-Americans
lived in the Oklahoma territory by
1870. Oklahoma boasted of more
All-Black towns and communities
than any other state in the land, and
these communities opened their
arms to freed slaves from all across
the country. Remarkably, at one
time, there were over 30 AfricanAmerican newspapers in Oklahoma.
Oil was soon discovered and Tulsa
rapidly grew into a thriving,
bustling, enormously wealthy town
of 73,000 by 1920 with bank
deposits totaling over $65 million.
However, Tulsa was a ’’tale of two
cities isolated and insular”, one
Black and one White. Tulsa was so
racist and segregated that it was the
only city in America that boasted of
segregated telephone booths.

Since African Americans
could neither live among Whites as
neither equals nor patronize White

businesses in Tulsa, Blacks had to develop
a completely separate business district and
community,
which
soon
became
prosperous and legendary. Black dollars
invested in the Black community also
produced self-pride, self-sufficiency, and
self-determination. The business district,
beginning at
the
intersection
of
Greenwood Avenue and Archer Street,
became so successful and vibrant that
Booker T. Washington during his visit
bestowed the moniker: "Negro Wall
Street.”
By 1921, Tulsa’s AfricanAmerican population of 11,000 had its own
bus line, two high schools, one hospital,
two newspapers, two theaters, three drug
stores, four hotels, a public library, and
thirteen churches. In addition, there were
over 150 two and three story brick
commercial buildings that housed clothing
and grocery stores, cafes, rooming houses,
nightclubs, and a large number of
professional offices including doctors,
lawyers, and dentists. Tulsa’s progressive
African American community boasted
some of the city’s most elegant brick
homes, well furnished with china, fine
linens, beautiful furniture, and grand
pianos.
A 19 year old Black male
accidentally stumbled on a jerky elevator
and bumped the 17-year-old White
elevator operator who screamed. The
frightened young fellow was seen running
from the elevator by a group of Whites and
by late afternoon the ’’Tulsa Tribune”
reported that the girl had been raped.
Despite the girl’s denial of any
wrongdoing, the boy was arrested and a
large mob of 2000 White men came to the
jail to lynch the prisoner. About 75 armed
African Americans came to the jail to offer
assistance to the sheriff to protect the
prisoner. The sheriff not only refused the
assistance but also deputized the White
mob to disarm the Blacks.
With a
defenseless Black community before them,
the White mob advanced to the
Greenwood district where they first looted
and then burned all Black businesses,

homes, and churches. Any Black resisters
were shot and thrown into the fires.
When the National Guard arrived, they
assisted the others by arresting all Black
men, women, and children, and herding
them into detention centers at the
Baseball Park and Convention Hall. As
many as 4,000 Blacks were held under
armed guard in detention. On May 31,
1921, the successful Black Greenwood
district was completely destroyed by one
of the worse race riots in U.S. history. Dr.
Arthur C. Jackson, a nationally renowned
surgeon known as ’’the most able Negro
surgeon in America”, was shot at the
Convention Hall and allowed to bleed to
death. By the next morning the entire
Greenwood district was reduced to ashes
and not one White was even accused of
any wrongdoing, much less arrested. The
race riot of Tulsa, Oklahoma was not an
isolated event in American history.
During the ’’Red Summer” of
1919, over 25 race riots were recorded
(white
mobs
attacking
black
neighborhoods). After the Tulsa riot, the
White inhabitants tried to buy the Black
property and force Black people out of
town.
No Tulsa bank or lending
institution would make loans in the riotmarred Greenwood district, and the city
refused all outside assistance. However,
racial pride and self-determination would
not permit the Greenwood owners to sell,
and they doggedly spend the entire winter
in tents donated by the American Red
Cross. Rebuilding was a testament to the
courage and stamina of Tulsa’s pioneers
in their struggle for freedom. Most of the
buildings along the first block of
Greenwood Avenue were rebuilt within
one year. In 1926, W. E. B. DuBois
visited Tulsa and wrote: ’’Black Tulsa is a
happy city. It has new clothes. It is young
and gay and strong. Five little years ago,
fire and blood and robbery leveled it to
the ground. Scars are there, but the city is
impudent and noisy. It believes in itself.
Thank God for the grit of Black Tulsa.”

�The Black Student
presents
its
Union

Annual Skating Jam

October 27th, 2006
@ New Skateland
8PM- 11PM
More
Information Coming Soon

State University of New York at
Buffalo
The Black Student Union
307 Student Union
Amherst, NY 14260
Phone: 716-645-3029
Fax: 716-645-2112
E-mail: BSU1967@gmail.com

�</text>
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                    <text>• Interracial Relationships

Volume 1, Issue2

• Sickle Cell Awareness

September 20,2006

• 6th Annual Sickle Cell Walk
• Tupac’s Legacy

• This Week In Black History

The "Browning of America"
The
Black
Grape
Vine

by Patrice Gordon

Most issues regarding race
relations are often thought about
based on the Black/White
dichotomy. Even though they
are not exclusive to Blacks and
Whites, this article will focus on
interracial relationships amongst
these two groups.
Interracial
relationships
have been a disputed issue in
America since the establishment
of colonies in the seventeenth
century. The first attempt at
expressing intolerance of such
relationships dates to the passage
of the first Anti-Amalgamation
Law in 1664 in Maryland. This
law was aimed at prohibiting
marriage between Black men and
English
women
due
to
uncertainty as to whether the

offspring of a black slave and a
white
person
would
be
considered a free person or
property. This prohibition of
intermarriage between Blacks and
whites was later perceived by
some to be necessary in order to
prevent corruption of the white
gene pool. However, these laws
did not prevent white slave
masters from crossing the color
line to take advantage of Black
women while emasculating Black
men.
Given that the first
encounters of sexual integration
occurred during slavery, they are
usually understood as being filled
with dominance, violence, and
rape. Because of this, Du Bois
was very critical of the hypocrisy
of
implementing
anti­
amalgamation laws as he believed

that “it is the white race, roaming
the world, that has left its trail of
bastards and outraged women
and then raised holy hands and
deplored ‘race mixture'" (Du
Bois: 1921).
Frederick
Douglass,
a
product of Black and white
ancestry,
believed
that
intermarriage was necessary for
the assimilation and acceptance
of newly freed slaves into
American society. He stated that
“the future of the Negro
therefore is...that he will be
absorbed, assimilated, and it will
only appear finally...in the
features of a blended race.”
Even though he was also of a
(Continued on page 2)

Sickle Cell Awareness
Dear Supporter,
September is National Sickle Cell Awareness month. For the past six years, The Enlightened Women of
Alpha Beta Sigma Sorority, Inc. have dedicated this month to raising money for Sickle Cell Anemia and
educating the public about the disease.
Sickle cell disease is an inherited blood disorder that affects red blood cells. People with sickle cell disease
have red blood cells that contain mostly hemoglobin S, an abnormal type of hemoglobin. Sometimes these red
blood cells become sickle-shaped (crescent shaped) and have difficulty passing through small blood vessels.
When sickle-shaped cells block small blood vessel, less blood reaches that part of the body. Tissue that
does not receive a normal blood flow eventually becomes damaged. This is what causes the complications of
sickle cell disease. There is currently no universal cure for sickle cell disease.
We hold two very successful annual events, The Walk, whose continuing theme is “Break The Sickle
Cycle!” as well as The Sickle Cell Charity Auction in conjunction with the University at Buffalo’s Black
Student Union. These combined events on average raise approximately $10,000 a year for Sickle Cell Anemia.
We would like to thank everyone who has participated and/or contributed to the success of these events.
Please visit us at our New Clinic! The Comprehensive Sickle Cell Disease Organization. For more
information please e-mail us at alphachap@hotmail.com

Sincerely,
Alpha Beta Sigma Sorority, Inc.

�Page 2

The Black Grapevine

Mixed Emotions About Bridging the Racial Divide
mixed ancestry, W.E.B. Du Bois contested Douglass’
assertion. In opposition, Du Bois stated that Blacks have
resisted assimilation but “it has been forced on us by brute
strength, ignorance, poverty, degradation and fraud” (Du
Bois: 1921).

Although there have been significant increases in mixedrace relationships, such relationships continue to be rejected
based on the necessity of cultural preservation. Opponents
usually presume that marrying outside one’s race amounts to
cultural betrayal. Some African Americans, for example,
believe interracial relationships with a white spouse impedes
on the solidarity of the African American community. As
author Lawrence Otis Graham pointed out, African
Americans disapprove of Black/white relationships due to
fear that children of these relationships will forsake their
Black heritage upon realizing that it is easier to live as a white

person. White America’s rejection on the other hand
revolves around the fact that interracial relationships will
eventually lead to an extinction of the white genotype.
Like Frederick Douglass, present-day advocates of
interracial relationships believe it as an inevitable step in
bridging the racial divide. According to one supporter,
Yvette Walker, “racism.. .will have to be bred out. We can’t
make policies to change it. And certainly in an interracial
relationship the children are raised in a climate of
tolerance.” Such supporters readily refer to Dr. Martin
Luther King, Jr.’s dream of progressing to a point where
people are not judged “by the color of their skin but by the
content of their character” (King: 1963). Is Dr. King’s
dream finally coming to fruition or is it that efforts to create
a colorblind society has resulted in a generation that ignores
disparities that still exist?

Upcoming Events
9/23/06 Minority Management Society’s 3-on-3
Basketball Tournament

Where: Goodyear Lawn (Clark Hall if it Rains)
Price: $15 Per Team
Food: Chicken &amp; Fish Dinners Will Be Sold
Contact: Jessica Pinder (jlpinder@buffalo.edu)

Cash Prize For The Winning Team!
9/30/06 Sickle Cell Charity Auction

Where: Student Union Theatre
Price:
$5 (+Bidding During the Auction)
Contact: bsul967@gmail.com

Proceeds Go To Sickle Cell Anemia!

10/13/06 B.S.U.’s Annual Skating Jam

More Info Coming Soon!
Books
On Saturday, September 16, 2006, The Enlightened Women of Alpha
Beta Sigma Sorority, Incorporated held their sixth Annual Sickle Cell Charity
Walk. The walk, which is entitled “Break The Sickle Cycle” took
place in McCarthy Park and was approximately 2.5 miles long. Although
there was not a great turnout, the supporters, including members of the
Black Student Union’s Executive Board, chanted facts about Sickle Cell
Anemia, which got the attention of several passersby on Main Street. On
behalf of Alpha Beta Sigma Sorority, Incorporated, The Black Student
Union would like to thank the walkers and other supporters.

Our Nig

by Harriet Wilson
Incidents In The Life Of A Slave Girl

by Harriet Jacobs

�Volume 1, Issue 2

Page 3

A Fallen Star
by Simone Hicks

September 13, 2006 marked the 10th anniversary of Tupac Shakur’s death. A victim of a
drive-by-shooting, he will always be a legendary lyricist. Some may know him as a charming
actor, a vicious criminal, a radiant songwriter, a wild celebrity, a misogynist and black
prophet. After 10 years, Tupac’s memory is still very vivid in hip-hop music today. Shakur is
highly praised for being the greatest rapper of all time. He has been the subject of books,
movies, college courses and musical forums.
Tupac was born to a former Black Panther member, Afeni Shakur. His mother’s radical
features incited many of Tupac’s songs. Many of his lyrics reflected an unstable childhood
in the ghetto, economical problems and drug addictions. His with aggravation with the
internal and external failures with the black community was expressed vividly through his
songs. His music is still a constant reminder of the black frustration with America.

Blast to the Past
September 17,1983
Vanessa Williams
became the 56th
Miss America, and
the First AfricanAmerican woman to
be
crowned.
Unfortunately, she
was
forced to
relinquish her crown and its
accompanying benefits in 1984 after
Penthouse magazine published nude
photos that were taken of her 10 years
prior to winning the pageant.
However, her determination to prove
to the world that she made “a terrible
error in judgment” when she posed for
the pictures has led to a successful career
in the entertainment industry.

September 18,1895
The Atlanta Compromise, which was a public
address from Booker T. Washington regarding
race relations occurred on this day. In the
address, Washington asserted that vocational
education, which gave Blacks an opportunity
for economic security, was more valuable than
social advantages or political office.
According to Washington, “In all things
that are purely social we can be as separate as
the fingers, yet one as the hand in all things
essential to mutual progress.”
This
philosophy ignited fear in Black intellectuals
who thought that it would cause them to be
subjected to indefinite subservience to whites.
This apprehension led to the
Niagara
Movement as well as the birth of the National
Association for the Advancement of Colored
People.

September 19,1797
Sojourner Truth,
abolitionist and
women’s rights
pioneer was born
into slavery in
Hurley, Ulster
County,
New
York.
She was
freed in 1828 when
New York emancipated slaves. Truth
was a mystic who heard voices she
believed to be God's. In 1843, obeying
her voices, she took the name
Sojourner Truth and went preaching
along the eastern seaboard. Upon
coming into contact with the
abolitionist movement, she embraced
it and tour the country touring on it’s
behalf.

September 20,1664

September 21, 2002

September 22,1950

Maryland passed the first Anti­
Amalgamation law that was intended to
prevent marriages between Black men and
English women. This was based on
uncertainties regarding whether the
offspring of such marriages should be
considered a free person or property.

Brenda Knight, the first
African-American female
chairperson of the Association
of Community Colleges
Trustees was elected.
This
organization represents more
than 1,200 colleges, 6,500
trustees, and 11 million students in America.
Knight is currently the community and
government relations coordinator for the
Oakland Unified School District.

Raplh Bunche was the
first person of color
internationally to be
awarded a Noble Peace
Prize. He received it
for
successfully
mediating a series of armistice
agreements between present-day
Israel, Egypt, Jordan, Lebanon and
Syria.

�The

Black

Student

Union

and

Alpha Beta Sigma Sorority, Inc.
Present Their

6th Annual
Sickle Cell Charity Auction
September
30th, 2006
To Participate, Send An E-mail To:

bsu1967@gmail.com

proceeds go to Sickle CellAnemia Research
State University of New York at
Buffalo
The Black Student Union
307 Student Union
Amherst, NY 14260
Phone: 716-645-3029
Fax: 716-645-2112
E-mail: BSU1967@gmail.com

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                    <text>•

Talented Tenth

Volume 1, Issue 1

•

Presidential Welcome

September 6,2006

•

B.S.U.'s History

•

B.S.U.'s Events

A Plea to the Talented Tenth
The Black Grapevine

In September 1903 W.E.B. Du
Bois, African American historian and
sociologist, advocated the
concept of the Talented
Tenth.
This theory
emphasized the necessity for
higher education in order to
develop leadership among
the most able ten percent of
Black
Americans.
According to Du Bois, “The
Negro race, like all races, is
going to be saved by its
exceptional men” (Du Bois: 1903).

elevated the mass...” (Du Bois: 1903). He
also posed the question: “Can the masses
of the Negro people be in any
possible way more quickly raised
than by the effort and example this
aristocracy of talent and
character” (Du Bois: 1903)? He
states that it is necessary for the
“college-bred Negro” to be the
leader of the group as the Negro
people need social leadership more
than most groups as they have lack
traditions, established customs and
strong family ties to fall back upon.

In supporting this claim, he
pointed out that “From the very first it
has been the educated and intelligent
of the Negro people that have led and

Do you think that today’s “Talented
Tenth” are living up to Du Bois’
expectations?

Presidential Welcome
Hotep! (Hello) Members of
the Black Student Union,

On behalf of the Executive
Board of the Black Student
Union, I would like to welcome
the Class of 2010 and returning
members. The Executive Board's
mission is to facilitate an
uplifting and enjoyable university
experience for our members.
The Black Student Union (BSU)
has been a major contributor to
my
memorable
and
advantageous university
experience. Throughout my
journey with the Black Student
Union as a past President and
Undergraduate Advisor, I have
gained a tremendous amount of
knowledge to continue the
elevation of the Black Student
Union.
As the Black Student Union

prepares to celebrate 40 years of
existence, the continued dedication
of BSU’s members is needed to
keep our organization in the
respectable position as one of the
university’s most established
student groups. Our theme for
2006-2007 is: The Awakening. The
Executive Board is dedicated to
revitalizing the lost consciousness
of our generation’s community
problems. Becoming an Active
member of the Black Student
Union is not only an important
aspect of your university
experience but a commitment to
uplifting the African-American
community.

The Black Student Union
Conference, B.L.A.C.K. D.A.Y.,
Health Fairs, Black Explosion,
Women’s Appreciation Dinner,
and Men’s Appreciation Dinner. I
urge you to become apart of the
ever-changing Black Student Union
by becoming an active member on
a committee. If you have any
questions, concerns or suggestions,
feel free to call us at 716-645-3029
or email us at bsu1967@gmail.com,
walk-ins are welcome at our office
at 307 Student Union. You can also
visit our website at http://
buffalo.edu/sa/bsu. Good luck
with classes!

To continue our successful
path, we have an array of meeting
topics, the Sickle Cell Charity­
Auction, Black Solidarity Week,
Harlem Night, The Black Affair,

Simone Hicks

Sincerely,
President

�The Grapevine

Page 2

Do You Know B.S.U.?
The Black Student Union (B.S.U,) was established in
1967 and was made an official student organization in 1968.

Within a year of its formation, the University at Buffalo’s

Membership Requirements
In order to obtain membership in the
Black Student Union, one must either be
a part-time or lull-time undergraduate or
graduate student, an alumni or a member
of the faculty. In addition, one must also
have attended five general or committee
meetings per semester.

first club for people of color counted one thousand members.

In the first few years of its existence, the Black Student
Union made its mark on the Buffalo community through a

breakfast program that began by catering to 130 pupils at the
Westminster House in October of 1969 and continued doing

so for several years that followed. Shortly after, in 1972, five

B.S.U. Activities
Welcome Back BBQ: 9/3/2006

demands were submitted to the university’s president at the
time, President Ketter, requiring the creation of a Black

1st general Meeting: 9/6/2006

Studies department, the reappointment and guaranteed

permanency until retirement of two Black faculty members,

Sickle Cell Charity Auction: 9/30/06

the involvement of minority faculty members in the tenure

review of other minority faculty, ongoing dialogue between

Skating Jam: 10/14/2006

minority students and faculty and the academic departments

on minority issues as well as communication between the

Black Solidarity Week: 11/6-10/2006

president’s office and the Black contingency.
Given that the Union was founded during a time of

The Black Affair: Mr. J Mrs. Black Student
Union: 12/1/2006

turmoil for Blacks in America as well as Blacks worldwide,
the main aim was to unite the university's Black community

Pre-Kwanzaa Dinner 12/9/2006

in an attempt to foster self-liberating ideals as well as the
liberation of other oppressed people. Even though the current

Leadership Conference: 2/3/2007

situation of America’s Black population is not as calamitous

as it was in the sixties, the Black Student Union is still

Jazzy Night: 2/10/2007

adheres to the bases upon which the organization was

established. Included in these is the desire to preserve and
perpetuate Black culture, dignity and self-awareness by

Black Explosion Fashion and CulturalShow:
2/24/2007

educating members about issues that previously and currently
hinder progress within the Black community.

Small-Keels Memorial BBQ 4/22/2007

�Volume 1, Issue 1

Page 3

The Black student Union
Tn Association with
Alpha Beta Sigma, Inc.
Annual Sickle Cell Charity Auction
September 30th, 2006
To

Participate, Send an e-mail TO:

Proceeds

go to

bsu1967@gmail.com

Sickle Cell Anemia Research

2006-2007 Executive Board
President

Activities Coordinators

Simone Hicks

William Donovan

Simone.hicks@gmail.com

wcd@buffalo.edu

David Distant
Vice President

ddistant@buffalo.edu

Ekua Mends-Aidoo

Historian

Ekua.aidoo@gmail.com

Patrice Gordon
Pattyg454@aol.com

Treasurer

Darnell Cummings

Publicity Coordinator

ddc6@buffalo.edu

Shireen Barnes
sdbarnes@buffalo.edu

Secretaries
Waidia Graham
wmgraham@buffalo.edu

Heidi Kenefick
hbk@buffalo.edu
State University of New York at Buffalo
The Black Student Union
307 Student Union
Amherst. NY 14260
Phone: 716-645-3029
Fax: 716-645-2112
E-mail: BSU1967@gmail.com

�</text>
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                    <text>Hurricane Katrina: The Aftermath
Wednesday, September 27th, 2006

Internal Issues
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)

Treatment of African Americans
Treatment of low income citizens
Racism vs. Classism
Government reaction/lack of reaction
Future of New Orleans

Facts about Hurricane Katrina
• Hurricane Katrina was the costliest and one of the deadliest
hurricanes in the history of the United States.
• It was the sixth-strongest Atlantic hurricane ever recorded and the
third-strongest land falling U.S. hurricane ever recorded.
• Katrina is responsible for 81.2 Billion dollars in damages and the
deaths of 1,836 people
• 80% of the city of New Orleans and 20% of the New Orleans
metropolitan area is below sea level
• There were 28 reports of levee failures the day Katrina made
landfall in New Orleans
• The destruction could have totally been prevented if necessary
precautions were made

What You can do!
Help put an end to homelessness in New Orleans! Stop the
demolition of public housing and the rebuilding of costlier homes!
Write to the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development
to protect public housing for the citizens of New Orleans
Go to www.katrinaaction.org
Click Take Action
Click Contact Congress, FEMA, and EPA
Click Protect Public Housing In New Orleans
Then follow instructions to send letter electronically

�[Skating Jam 10/27/06]

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                    <text>Black Student Union General Meeting
September 20,2006
Interracial Relationships: Black Community
Acceptance Or Rejection

Does the Black Community really accept interracial relationships, or
reject them? Is love color Mind?
Patterns of interracial relationships:
• 40 out of the 50 states at one point in time banned the marriage of
persons of color and whites
• It was not until 1967 with Loving vs. Virginia that the supreme
court brought an end to such statutes

Questions

1) How do you feel interracial relations are perceived today?
2) Are there stigmas that follow behind interracial marriage or
relationships?
3) Is there a shift in racial attitudes that reflect a modern

commitment to the social norm?
4) Is there a difference in acceptance when a person is merely dating

out of their race rather then getting married to that person?

5) How does an interracial marriage affect the Black Community, if
at all?
6) Will we ever be on the verge to a world where a person’s ethnicity

when it comes to marriage does not matter? Are we close to that

now?

Upcoming Events: Sickle Cell Charity Auction With Alpha

Beta Sigma Sorority, Incorporated September 30th 2006

�Interracial Relationships: Black Community Acceptance or
Rejection
General Meeting September 20th, 2006
1)Treasure Report
2) Historian Report
3) Announcement about Publicity
4) General Announcements (Parties go last)
(community service update)

***We are focusing on Black and White/ 2 polar extremes
1.

2.

Historical Background
a. Patterns of Interracial Relationships
1. Laws barring the marriage of persons of color and
whites existed in 40 of the 50 states
2. Loving vs. Virginia Supreme Court in 1967 brought an
end to such statutes (anti-miscegenation
3. Throughout history Black Men in comparison to Black
Women have “out married” to a far greater extent then
Black Women to all other ethnicities
4. New York State (1919-1964) Found in only 2 years the
percentage of Black females interracially married was
greater then the male percentage (1919 &amp; 1935)
5. Over the years males have accounted for between 41 90% of all black mixed marriages
Relevant History/Facts
a. Highest incidence of “out marriage” is namely in the western
states

Useful Statistics
Are Interracial relationships negatively impacting the Black
Community?

Current interracial marriage disparities
In 1967, the Supreme Court ruling in Loving v. Virginia struck down the last of the anti­
miscegenation laws in the United States, and with this, the frontier of available marriage
choices shifted out. The number of interracial marriages in the United States has been on
the rise: 310,000 in 1970, 651,000 in 1980, and 1,161,000 in 1992 according to the U.S.
Bureau of the census 1993. Interracial marriages represented 0.7% of all marriages in
1970 to 1.3% in 1980, to 2.2% in 1992. With the introduction of the mixed-race category,
the 2000 census revealed interracial marriage to be somewhat more widespread, with
2,669,558 interracial marriages recorded, or 4.9% of all marriages (census 2000 PHC-T-

�.19) (Here, marriages between two mixed-race persons, or where they are the same race
but one is Hispanic and the other not, are not counted as interracial.)
Although mixed-race partnering has increased, the United States still shows
huge disparities between African American male and African American
female endogamy statistics. The 1990 census reports that 17.6% of African
American marriages occur with White Americans. Yet African American men
are 2.5 times more likely to be married to white women than African
American women to white men. In the 2000 census, 239,477 African
American male to white female and 95,831 white male to African American
female marriages were recorded, again showing the 2.5-1 ratio. Despite this,
slightly more white men are married than white women.

Cohabitation and interracial marriage
African American men are 2.5 times more likely to be married to a white spouse and 3.3
times more likely to be co-habitating with a White American, as compared to their African
American female counterparts. Research yields that 7% of married African American
men are with white wives and 15% of African American men cohabit with white women

Immigrants and interracial marriage
It is found that racial endogamy is much stronger for immigrants as compared to natives;
it is 4.9 times more likely for immigrants of African descent than for African Americans.
Additionally, immigrants of African descent have the highest rates of endogamy of
immigrants. Also, African immigrants are much more likely to marry other same-race
immigrants and African Americans, than to out-marry racially. Native-born White
Americans are also 1.6 times more likely to marry a native-born African American than
an immigrant of African descent. Female immigrants of African descent are generally
more likely to marry native-born whites than their male counterparts.
Prison Rates: In 2004, more than 2.1 million Americans, or roughly 1 out of every 138,
were in prisons or jails approximately 40.2% of the prison population is black, while
32.1% of the population is Hispanic
Black or African American 12.8% or 37.9 million,

Black Community has changed ultimately from where it was in the past

1) On one hand in the past it was never accepted
2) Now it is more widespread from Black Males perspective
Black Men enslaved historically by white men
Black women enslaved historically by white men/females - separation
with their children - Stigma to raise their black daughters to marry
black men because they saw it as a degradation of their family (own

�</text>
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                    <text>Black Student Union Presents:

Black women United
“What does means to be a black woman in 2006?”
September 18, 2006
Welcome all. No group of people, have had the unique historical, social and political
struggles that black women endure. This year Black Women United will evaluate the
matters that have troubled all women in order to see how these problems pertain more
specifically to women of color. We believe that only by understanding the issues that
affect all women can we fully comprehend our own. So today we will begin to explore
the concerns that press us most, by taking a look at the future meeting topics.

-Trials
What do you think are the most vital problems that women of color face today?
What are the sever health issues for black women?

Are women of color adapting to the American image of beauty, if so how?
What rights do we have as women? Will they be guaranteed in the future?
Is the role that black men play in our society beneficial to us?
What role does sexuality play in our self worth?

How do we feel about other women? Do we feel the need to compete with each other?

How have black women changed in history?

-Triumphs
What significant advances have black women made?
How are we as a group in the business world?

-Expectations
What are your expectations for black women in the future?

Will we improve or decline?
What do you expect from this BWU this year?

Facts:
To learn more:
Go to, www.bcw.org
http://www.jbhe.com

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                    <text>Talented Tenth Theory: The Controversy of the Black Elite
Meeting Topic for Wednesday September 13th, 2006
“[Talented tenth] it is the problem of developing the Best of this race that they may guide
the Mass away from the contamination and death of the Worst, in their own and other
races.”
1.

2.

History: The Souls of Black Folk written by W.E.B DuBois (1903) provides
an insight on the talented tenth theory.
A) Booker T. Washington- African American educator as well as the founder
of the Tuskegee Institute
1) Taught African Americans trade skills and industrial training
2) Felt that having a trade would gain the respect of the White
community
3) Felt that trade skills provided economic security to all African
Americans
4) Gained place and consideration in the north
B) W.E.B DuBois highly criticized the acts of this industrial movement
1) DuBois believed that academic education was more important
then trade education
2) Emphasis on industrial education actually kept African
Americans trapped in lower social and economic classes if
African Americans stuck with trades
3) Felt that if all we asked for was to be recognized by the White
community for our trades; then that would be the extent to which
what we were given
4) Felt that arts and sciences were the best route to achieving an
equal state
5) Argued that although arts and sciences through education was a
direct way to deal with this problem, it was NOT meant for all
people. (leads into the theory)
Talented Tenth Theory

Definitions
Elite:
a group of persons exercising the major share of authority or influence within a

larger group
representing the most choice or select; best

Elitism:
1.

practice of or belief in rule by an elite.

2.

consciousness of or pride in belonging to a select or favored group.

�A) The theory of the talented tenth provided by W.E.B Dubois is an essay which
describes the necessity of the top 10% of the African American people to take
responsibility and lead the rest of the 90%.
B) The core of his theory is the idea that educated African Americans are obliged
to sacrifice their “personal interest and endeavors in favor of community
leadership activities designed to improve the social, economic, and political
condition of the race” (DuBois, 1948)
C) Controversies
A. The talented tenth theory separates African Americans
i. Did DuBois really believe that only those with means could
become members of this elitist group?
ii. Was he only cultivating an entourage of elitist who would
exploit the rest of the people or seek individual gain at the
expense of the masses?
iii. Program contemplated the uplift of a few rather then the
development of many
iv. Criticism by other leaders (Booker T.) showed that they
disapproved of this concept because it looked as if he separated
the race and only those that were financially capable of
attaining a higher education were basically responsible for
leading the rest of the people and did not effectively involve or
portray anyone’s interest
B. DuBois’ defense
i. Rejecting the criticisms as not being “fair” to his original
meaning
ii. Years after proposing this concept he acknowledged that he did
not fully articulate the responsibilities or obligations of the
Talented tenth that could prevent the misconception of his
theory
iii. Theory based on the educated who would future educate many
generations
iv. Leadership of African Americans was much more needed in
intellect rather then physical muscle
C. Questions
1. Is DuBois’ Talented Tenth engaging in leadership
activities as was the original idea?
2. Have the Talented Tenth forsaken their responsibility
to their communities in response to personal
gratification and accomplishments?
3. Is the theory of the Talented Tenth still needed today?
4. Should we be defined by our educational attainment,
our occupation, and income?
5. DuBois stated that to belong to this Talented Tenth you
must get an education through higher education; such as
college. Do you agree with this?
6. Are these Blacks lifting as they climb?

�7. Are members of the Black Middle Class engaging in
the leadership activities of their respective
communities?
8. Is there a distinction between the Talented Tenth and
the Black Middle Class?
Study which shows the talented tenth are actually engaged and working in their
communities, yet the Black Middle Class look to attain personal gratification and success
through materials and class issues.

“Here is a race transplanted through the criminal foolishness of your fathers.
Whether you like it or not the millions are here, and here they will remain. If you do
not lift them up, they will pull you down. Education and work are the levers to uplift
a people. Work alone will no do it unless inspired by the right ideals and guided by
intelligence. Education must no simply teach work - it must teach Life. The
Talented Tenth of the Negro race must be made leaders of thought and missionaries
of culture among their people. No others can do this work and Negro colleges must
train men for it. The Negro race, like all other races, is going to be saved by its
exceptional men.” (William Edward Burghardt Du Bois)

�</text>
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