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                    <text>I
FIRST OF TWO TAPES
Interview with T. R. McConnell, May 3, 1979 (interviewer Brenda K. Shelton)
SIDE I
001

Reasons for coming to U.B .... invitation to come to discuss
possible appointment came "out of the blue" ... offered suggestions
for candidates ... letter from Seymour Knox asking him to return
to learn more about the campus •.. was offered the position

015

Knew very little about U.B .... did not know Capen, but as
Chancellor had a part in getting Capen's papers published

022

Decision to come ... had a feeling that experience at the University of Minnesota would be useful at that time in Buffalo ...
a good time to leave the University of Minnesota although
they made offers to try to keep hirn ... could not asswne a
"preferential" job

047

U.B. in need of moving on after a long and distinguished career
of Dr. Capen ... interest and experience in private higher education

056

Graduated from Cornell College in Iowa .•. was appointed as an
instructor in English ... took over the course in introductory
education ... later did the same thing with the introductory
psychology course ... led to becoming an educational psychologist

069

Was asked to become dean of the college ... went from this position
to the University of Minnesota, but still is a member of the
Board of Trustees

072

Contrast between Cornell College and U.B ....

0"15

Goals on coming to Buffalo ... first job was to "put the house in
financial order" ... balanced budget had been created by "riding
up student tuition and the students didn't appear in that
number" ... the year ended with a $12,000 deficit ... this immediate
problem was only symptomatic of the fundamental financial problems of the University

090

Established an organization to strengthen the ties of the
University to its city and its region ..• to use these ties for
financial and moral support

100

University had a relatively small nwnber of distinguished
scholars ... tried to lay the foundation for strengthening the
intellectual life of the institution and the faculty ...
development of research and scholarship

115

Appointed University professors, "not only to reward them, ...
but to use them as models for the faculty"

120

There was the rumor that he would not promote anyone who was
not doing research and scholarly writing ... not true ... at
Minnesota, made promotions of distinguished teachers ... let
rumor stand

�McConnell
SIDE I

page 2

(cont'd.)

129

Those in power in the faculty and administration had been
at the University a long time ... transition was somewhat
difficult ... no particular difficulties with the power
structure ... did all possible to support people like Pratt
and others who did scholarly work and at the same time
supported "people like John Horton, who lectured in Latin
but didn't write any books" ...

154

The administrative organization was one of dual responsibility
to the Council [Chancellor and Treasurer] ... accepted position
on the condition that this arrangement be changed so that
the financial officer would be responsible to the Chancellor
and only the Chancellor would be responsible to the Council

165

Crofts remained a year as Treasurer .•. was not "obstructive in
any particular way" ... on one occasion the Finance Committee
requested information, Crofts evaded, McConnell said,
"perhaps it'll take a little time to get the information you
want together and we 'll have it ready for the next meeting" ...
told Crofts to get it ready •.. few such incidents

182

Emily Webster very close to Mr. Crofts, who decided what, who
took the initiative is unknown ... she was friendly, cooperative,
"knew all that was expected from that office"

206

Discovered that someone in the Treasurer's Office was rebating
tuition of selected athletes ... "I think it was Miss Webster
and I don't think anybody had given her permission to do this.
Mr. Crofts might have known it and might have approved, I
can't say; but without ever asking him, I can guarantee that
Chancellor Capen didn't know it."

218

Only criticism of Chancellor Capen was that he "didn't want to
know anything about athletics" ... if he didn't know he wasn't
responsible ... may be attributing motivation unfairly ... same
criticism could be made of many university presidents .. .
attitude has since been that the president should be responsible

238

Not sure where pressure for athletic rebates carne from

243

Many influential alumni were in favor of an expanded sports
program ... in agreement with Dr. Capen, McConnell did not believe
in a professional football team

253

Council's power was not extensive ... the real authority was the
General Administrative Committee ... about one-third of the
voting members of the Council were elected by the Alumni, some
were very interested in football, but most of them were not
on the Administrative Committee

�McConnell

page 3

SIDE I (cont'd.)
270

[Feels that he, himself] did not effectively "educate the
Council, as a whole, with respect to the affairs of the
institution" •.. one of the most important functions of a
university president is to educate the governing body ... did
think and worry about this, but was busy and the Council
was large ... didn't take enough time .•.

287

Mr. Knox was kept closely informed ... was a remarkable Chairman
[of the Council] ... "understood university affairs almost
intuitively" ... supportive ... was frequently asked for his
point of view

303

Mr. Osborn, Vice Chairman of Council •.. during Parry case
Osborn and Knox were invited to a luncheon meeting ..• [McConnell]
had decided to accept the faculty recommendation to keep Parry;
Knox said, halfway through the discussion, "You want to keep
him, don't you?" ... Osborn was "on the Board of Trustees of
another university in which the faculty and president are at
odds, and I don't want any more of that" ... the question was
settled

335

Parry case to be discussed
END OF SIDE I

SIDE II
034

Comments on Parry case "subject to correction" ... has not had
a chance to go over the papers ... Chairman of UnAmerican
Activities Committee was very critical of university and
college faculty ...

041

Expected problems, "most universities of any consequence did
have a problem" ... appointed faculty committee to establish
policy in advance of a particular case ... tried to select well
respected, judicious members

056

Policy, in general, stated "that if a faculty member was called
before the UnAmerican Activities Committee he should not plead
the 5th Amendment, but if he had been a member of the C01mnunist
Party to say so, or if he was still a member of the Communist
Party he should say so." ... this was thought to be consistent
with the "integrity and openness" of the university faculty

064

Parry was called before the Committee ... pled the 5th in violation of the advice of the Committee (which had been approved
by the General Administrative Committee) ... called a faculty
meeting to make known the policy statement ... some faculty were
very critical of the policy's having been submitted to the
General Administrative Committee without informing the faculty ...

�McConnell

page 4

SIDE II (cont'd.)
064
Dean of Education made an "extremely critical" speech
(cont'd.)
077

"The document prevailed" ... there were two possible procedures:
one was to have the Chancellor appoint a special committee
to hear the case; the other was for the Execuitve Co~nittee
of the College faculty to hear the case •.. the Dean of the
College of Arts and Sciences, Executive Committee chose to
assert/maintain its responsibility in hearing the case

085

Parry admitted freely to this committee (although he refused
to do so to the Congressional Committee) that he had been,
but no longer was a Communist Party member ... Parry was asked
not to have counsel at the Executive Committee meetings, but
could decline comment on any question pending private
discussion with counsel .. the same right was extended to the
Committee

097

Very unpleasant ... digging into a man's soul

100

[McConnell].came to the conclusion that his home phone was
being tapped by the FBI ... asked members of the Committee not
to call, but to come in person to the office

106

The decision that was made concerning Parry was approved by
the General Administrative Committee ..• McConnell was in constant
touch with the Secretary of the Association of University
Professors in Washington (Ralph Himstead) in order to be sure
of "procedure" •.• solution was very similar to the "Fury Case"
at Harvard, for which Harvard received public commendation

120

Decision: "to revoke his tenure, but to leave him on the staff,
and to have him go through the same procedure- evaluation,
recommendation for tenure."

129

Expected public criticism ... contacted Kirchhofer of the Buffalo
Evening News to d{scuss reasons behind the decision •.• to say "I
realized that he would make whatever comments he chose, but
that support would be very helpful." ... he wrote an editorial
disagreeing with the decision, but saying that the only body
having the right to make the decision had made it

147

Erie County American Legion met a day or so later, denounced
the decision

152

Inter-relationship of the University and Buffalo: "The few
formal financial campaigns conducted by the University had been
conducted by members of the Council, Mr. Cooke for example ...
Dr. Capen had an agreement that he &gt;vould not be responsible for
financial promotion". , . there was a long period of time with
"no systematic community cultivation either of finance or
support"

�McConnell

page 5

SIDE II (cont'd.)
166

Tried to do things to strengthen ties between the University
and the community ... appointed liaison comrni ttee to work with
industry ... needed to establish a basic foundation for
Universi ty-Comrnuni ty relationship ·which did not at that
time exist

176

There was the same situation with other than financial
matters .•. failed to penetrate certain elements ... for example,
there were many Polish and Italian students, but those two
communities had no relationship with the University

190

One reason dormitories were established was to "bring life to
the campus, not only to give students a sense of community
and membership in the University, but to bring people in the
community to the University for lectures and concerts" ...

198

It seemed "reasonably normal" for those who support the
University [i.e. Council members] to send their children away
to other schools ... "but I'm afraid there was a kind of patronizing attitude tow·ard the University in influential members of
the cornrnunity." ... although there were many exceptions, "but
there was no sense of intimacy. I think you could find people
who are students of higher education who would say there
ought not to be very much intimacy between a community and
a university ... they fear control, they fear too much influence."

219

Was approached by amernber of the legal community who objected
to the Law School's patterning itself after Harvard, and its
lack of interest in the local bar... the Law School did eventually become interested in community legal affairs

232

"Relationships between the Medical School and local hospitals
were varied and complicated" ... pressure and a million dollar
offer to keep the Medical School near the General Hospital .•.
many faculty of the Medical School were practicing Buffalo
physicians ... one difficulty of the Medical School "was that
it had a pretty good clinical staff, but it was not adequate
in the medical sciences."

249

"Dr. Stockton Kimball was a cooperative, intelligent and able
person" ... but was in the middle of "the struggle for power
and position among the hospitals and medical. groups in the city"

255

Most faculty in the Dental School were practicing dentists ...
many graduates of U.B. were succeeded by their sons ... the
Dental Dean was told to bring in "people from other backgrounds"

268

"These are not things that are particularly true only of
Buffalo."

272

Part of the function of the Liaison Committee was to help bal-·
ance community input with needs of the University ... "wanted a
means of two-way communication without the danger of control"

�McConnell

page 6

SIDE II (cont'd.)
292

Buffalo was a "curious case" .•. many of the major industrial
firms in Buffalo had their central offices in other locations
and that made for a particularly difficult problem ... you
could get some contribution from a firm, but not as much as
if it had been located in Buffalo

303

Concluded, before leaving, that the future of U.B. as a
private institution was doubtful, though there had not at
that time been any discussions of a State merger

315

"The lack of financial promotion over a long period of time
was devastating to the institution and to make up the difference
would have been extremely difficult" ... Stanford Unive:csity,
however, is one case of miraculous financial and academic
development ... "but Buffalo lacked that foundation on which to
build"

330

" ••• a State University probably has more responsibility to a
much wider area than a private urban university would have;
I don't mean to say that you can ignore Buffalo and the
Niagara Frontier, but nonetheless this institution must have
a wider reference than that, certainly."

345

The University of California is now having considerable
argument about agricultural research at the University .•.
agricultural unions maintain that research was primarily done
to support agribusiness ... many aspects of a public institution's
relationship to the public it serves ... can no longer ignore
some and favor others

375

"While a university needs to be sensitive to the research needs,
to the developmental needs of industry and commerce in its
area, it has to be extremely careful to devise methods of
doing this without succumbing to undue control."

388

It is difficult "to maintain the integrity of the institution

and yet to serve its community in appropriate ways"} this
also applies to cultural activities
END OF TAPE

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                    <text>OF TWO TAPES
Interview with T. R. McConnell, May 3, 1979 (interviewer Brenda K. Shelton)

~EQOND

SIDE I
001

Various factions/groups want control of the University ... "perhaps
I shouldn't have used the word 'maneuver' [in previous tape]
because this suggests something that isn't entirely open to all
concerned"

015

Responsibility of university presidents to mobilize the efforts
of these constituencies to suit the University's purposes ...
need for cooperation ... "internal power of universities is being
re-distributed" ... authored a monograph, The Re-Distribution of
Power in American Higher Education, confined to internal university problems only ... president must lead ... this is easy to say,
but hard to do.

034

"The locus of decision-making is moving upward in the insti tu-tion" ... local decisions no longer are possible ... "re-distribution
of faculty according to fields of study and research ... the
clientele is now wanting more vocational and professional education ... which makes it extremely difficult to re-distribute the
resources to take advantage of this.;.this is one of the reasons
why the central administration and perhaps the appropriate
sections of the governing board will have to exercise more
authority and descretion" ... faculty will object ... "not only is
there more participation in governmental affairs, for example,
by students, and the faculty is demanding more participation ...
governing boards, under pressure from the community ... will be
demanding more participation ... yet somehow ... all these interests
and demands have to be .. reconciled in service of the institution"

059

Very little attempt by students at U.B. from 1950-1954 to participate ... tried to keep in touch with students, however

067

"Dorothy Haas was the best person I've ever known to provide
a link between the administration and the students; she was
an extremely skillful and able person."

073

"No pressure for decision-making on fundamental university or
academic affairs" ... group of students once came to ask for more
support for athletics

085

Just prior to inauguration, students wrote a very critical review
of a book and angered the Catholic community ... Claude Puffer
received "calls from certain Catholic clergymen who say that if
you don't get that retracted, the Bishop will not turn up at
your inauguration" •.. called in editor (of the student publication)
who offered to "write something that will take the sting away"
in the interest of harmony ... "the more I thought about that,
the more I thought that it was perfectly legitimate for students
to have written this criticism" ... called the editor and told
him not to bother ... the Bishop did attend, "made the invocation
and was friendly as could be"

�McConnell

page 2

SIDE I (cont'd.)
108

"On the other hand, student publications were a public relations
problem" ... some were irresponsible, but there was no way to
"move in on this without being accused of suppression or
censorship" ... after some particular case a Student-Faculty
Committee on Publications was appointed to deal with the
questions of freedom and responsibility

121

No student pressure during the Parry case "that I remember"

127

"I was tested out on academic freedom after I came in various
ways, the details of which I don't remember, but I think that
the faculty felt that nobody could be as responsible as
Chancellor Capen with respect to the matter ... A conference was
organized soon after I came having to do with civil liberties
and academic freedom and so on, and I'm pretty sure it was
organized for my benefit, so to speak ... I had agreed to lecture
at the University of Minnesota and I missed the conference"

136

Capen had a "clean-cut view of academic, intellectual freedom"
with no exception ... "and I'm not surprised that I was tested" •..
Capen had been a remarkable Chancellor, testing was understandable ... "I came at a time when there were all kinds of
threats to academic freedom"

155

There were a few instances of cownunity pressure ... Linus Pauling
was invited to lecture (on chemistry) at the University ... the
American Legion demanded that the invitation be withdrawn .. .
McConnell asked "Do you have to worry about chemists •.. being
made into Communists by a chemistry lecture?"

166

"The only time that Mrs. McConnell or I have ever asked for
social publicity was when ... we were having a dinner party in
honor of Linus Pauling"

172

Dr. Capen had firmly established the University's independence ...
the community was accustomed to it ... some of the Council members
also supported the academic freedom policy

180

Professor Pratt would sometimes write letters to the newspapers
which brought criticism ... relationship of U.B. and the Catholic
community ... ''the University was pinched now and then by the
competition" from religious groups

203

"Members of the religious groups had campus offices at which
their representatives could discuss matters with students; I
also discovered, however, that they had begun to offer (non-credit)
courses ... this was inconsistent with the University's nonsectarian policy and was discontinued ... often consulted with one
rabbi which offended another rabbi who was an Orthodox Jew

234

"These ... may sound like important issues ... but they really weren't .•
they're in the day by day business of the institution which has

�McConnell

page 3

SIDE I ( cont 'd. )
234
some relations with the community" ... it is important to keep
(cont'd.)in mind the "function and position" of the university
247

The University's relations with the press: the Courier was
more critical than the News, partly because of competition ...
here again, the University had to maintain its independence

264

"Mr. Kirchhofer [of the News] is a ... taciturn man", it was
difficult to develop a· close relationship, but he was open
to discussion ... "but my administrative assistant [Miss Martin]
would protect me from calls from the Courier .•. during the day" ...
they began to call at night, at home

285

Problems with buildings: "we had an extremely able and
aggressive Chairman of the Council's Committee on Buildings
and Grounds ... one Karr Parker; and it was extremely difficult
to get sufficient faculty input in the planning of the buildings •..
many problems with the School of Engineering due to undesirable
construction ... one of the difficulties with the Medical building
was to get more than one elevator •.. he [Parker] didn't like
elevators in academic buildings" ... it was finally insisted that
no plans be completed until the faculty had had a chance to go
over them

321

" ... not sure I ought to say this because I would find difficulty
in finding any records to support it, but one of the principal
difficulties we had during Mr. Parker's regieme was to get
contracts alloted to the lowest bidders, he was inclined to take
the bids and then negotiate the contract with one of the bidders"

331

... "he [Parker] went to Florida every winter, and while he was
in Florida one winter the Vice Chairman of the Committee ... was
serving as Chairman of the Committee and there was some
construction matter that had to be submitted to bids and we
gave the contract to the lowest bidder and we heard from Mr.
Pm"ker from Florida -· both of us" ... no "extremely serious
problems involved" ... few contractors protested ... "but it was
a matter of considerable significance" ... discussed the matter
directly with Parker, did not involve Knox

367

END OF SIDE I

SIDE II
001

Examples of University-Community interaction: was approached
by a member of the city government whose son had not been
accepted by the Medical School ... "he called my attention to
the fact that the City sewer came only to the corner of the
campus beyond the Medical School, that when the Medical was
built $75,000 would have to be expended to extend the sewer
and that if his son were not admitted to the Medical School
he would see to it that the City didn't provide the $75,000

�page 4

McConnell
SIDE II (cont•d.)

001
[McConnell] went to the Chairman of the Committee of Admissions
(cont'd.)to look into the matter, found that the decision had been fair·
and unbiased .•. reported back to the father •.• soon after, he
received a call or visit from a Council member who said that he
would speak himself to the Chairman of the Admissions Committee •..
in the end, the boy was not admitted and the City put in the
sewer
04 7

There really were very few dealings with the City of Buffalo

050

"A professor ... wanted to study the acculturation of the Polish
community in Buffalo" .•. luncheon was arranged so that he could
present his case to the mayor and other city officials: "he
thought it would be very helpful to them politically if he
made this study because they would find out a great deal about
the attitudes and backgrounds, the interests and the activities
of the Polish community and this might be very helpful in their
election campaign. The mayor spoke up and said, 'Sorry, we
don •t need any help on the political problems of dealing with
the Polish community' " ... but relations with the City were not
unusually difficult

073

No overt pressure or criticism of which students were admitted
and which were not ... some question about dormitories because
they would attract more students from New York City ... may have
also brought more women since the Dean of Women did not approve
"places where students might stay"

102

There was a student-faculty committee on the general planning
of the residences ... the architect was annoyed at the students•
involvement, but "the students had a good deal of influence on
the facilities"

110

When the Norton Union addition was built a student advisory
Co~nittee was established ... there was also a faculty committee

132

There was a largely local student body ... dormitories helped to
change this ..• "I wanted very much to expand the area served by
the University; this was, in part, because I believed in a
more cosmopolitan institution, but also, in part, ... to reduce
the possible power of the urban community and expand the
interests which were concerned with the University." ... worked
toward these ends too in recruiting faculty

145

In the later Capen years a select group was in control of the
University ... "Let me read from this memorandum about what I
found here: 'I found some strong academic elements in the
University which exemplified Capen's conception of the
institution ..• it possessed a limited number of distinguished
faculty members whose scholarship was widely recognized; it
also included a group of scholars whose academic reputation
was mainly local. I sensed the existence, on the campus, of a
kind of informal, scholarly gentlemen's club, comprising in
intellectual aristocracy with a strong local orientation, drawn
primarily from the faculty of the College of Letters [Arts]
and Sciences.' "

�McConnell

page 5

SIDE II (cont'd.)
172

A professor of Economics or Business Administration asked a
favor ... the answer had to be no ... discusses the matter with
Lester Anderson •.. answer still was no ..• "the day after my
resignation was announced, this professor got up a petition
to get rid of Lester Anderson" •.. Pratt offered to circulate
a counter-petition

203

"He [Pratt] was the best advisor in the whole institution"

206

Too many departments offered Ph.D's ... tried to establish interdisciplinary programs for doctoral degrees to alleviate pressure
on any one department ... Dr. Pratt, as Graduate Dean, would not
agree to the programs, and it was given up

222

Weaknesses: •. tried to strengthen library in weak areas ... doctorates offered in Pharmacy although the school was not sufficiently
staffed for that purpose ... "the doctoral program was supported
by stipends for doctoral students in the School's budget; I got
nowhere with Dean Lemon, so once I just cut all those student
stipends out of the budget ... he simply went downtown ... and ...
came back with enough money to restore the student stipends."

255

"Under Dean Lemon the faculty was strengthened somewhat"

259

The sciences needed strengthening ... "Chemistry was in fair
condition and had a pretty adequate library, Physics had some
good, young people but not enough, Engineering wasn't approved
by the accrediting agency"

275

" ... the situation in Engineering, I suspect, reflected the lack
of aggressive and systematic financial development ... they
should never have gone into engineering without enough money
to support it adequately" ... also ... "there were difficulties •..
with the leadership of the dean: which was "changed under my
successor [Furnas]; incidentally, changed mainly by Lester
Anderson."

296

[McConnell] has not systematically followed the University's
development ... heard things through Anderson or Claude [Puffer] ...
"had some connection with the appointment of Meyerson as Chancellor"[president]

306

Received a call asking why Meyerson had not been named Chancellor
at Berkeley, since he had been acting Chancellor ... "the man who
picks up the pieces usually doesn't get the job" ... when in
Buffalo had lunch with Knox and another committee member to discuss Meyerson ... came to the conclusion that the committee member
was extremely negative about the appointment because Meyerson
was Jewish" ... there was a long discussion of Meyerson's abilities
and accomplishments ... "

337

"I've often wondered what happened to my credibility afterward."

344

END OF TAPE

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                    <text>THOMAS RAYMOND McCONNELL
T. R. McConnell was Chancellor of the University of
Buffalo from 1950-1954.

In this interview he speaks

at length, and often philosophically, about his experiences while at the University.

As the interview

begins he identifies the particular problems he faced
as an incoming chancellor, includ:ing the strengths and
weaknesses of the University at that time and those
goals he perceived as most important to the future
development of the University.

Dr. McConnell then

discusses the general administrative structure of the
University of Buffalo and the relationship of the
University to the community.

Specific instances are

also mentioned during this interview but are scattered
within the broader discussion of the University's
functions and goals.

�Interviewer's observations, T. R. McConnell,

~ay

3, 1979

Dr. !1cConnell was in Buffalo for a short visit, and had
come to the Archives to look up some material. He had p:fepared a memorandum prior to the interview in response tctfthe
request of a graduate student, and he re~~rred to it a
number of times·and. once quoted directly from it, There were
certain matters, . however, such as the :Parry case, which he
was reluctant to discuss in detail because he had not yet had
the chance to review the facts; Because his eyesight is poor
and sensitive to bright lights, we sat out in the main reading
room where the lighting is fairly dim, and. occasionally
the telephone and voices can be heard in the background. Dr.
McConnell also shuffled papers often, I stopped the tape
recorder once so that he could finish his coffee,

�Il

I

/

Interview with T. R, McConnell, May 3, 1979
IVfinutes/counter
00/000

Events leading up to his becoming Chancellor of UB;
experiences while at Cornell College,

08/167

Najor goals as Chancellors reorganizing finances,
forging closer ties with the community, upgrading
the facu,lty,

13/255

Difficulties inherent in following Capen as Chancellor; relationship with Mr. Crofts; Emily Webster;
pressure for athletics,

23/390

Role of the University Council; General Administrative Committee; relationship with Seymour Knox;
Alex Osborne.

27/440

Parry case,
Second side

00/000

0)/075

Parry case; faculty committee hearings; phone tapped;
cotitact with Ralph Himstead of the Association of
University Professors; decision; lunch with Mr.
Kirchofer.

14/275

Relationship between UB and the community; appointment of liaison committee; hopw of involving more
community groups with the University,
Matter of degree of commun.ji.ty control over the
University; Lat&lt;J School; Iliedical School; Dr, Stockton
Kimball; desire for two-way communication with community without relinquishi-ng control,

25/420

Reasons for UB financial problems; state universities;
connection of agribusiness to University of CalifornL~.
at Berkeley; problem involved in maintaining the
integrity of the university and at the same time serving public needs,
Second. tape

00/000

Relationship of university president to other groups
within university,

07/140

Relationship with students; Dorothy Haas; student
pressure for football; problems of book review in
student newspaper that antagonized Catholic community; faculty-student committee on publications,

�-------------·---------

I

I

/

McConnell interview, continued

12/240

Issue of academic freedom; Chancellor Capen; incident involving Linus Pimli:ng; attitude of Seymour
Knox; Dr, Julius Pratt,

19/330

Probiems involving activities of religious groups on
campus; Jewish criticism,

22/380

Relationship of UB with the press,

24/420

uilding program; Committee on Buildings and Grounds;
arr. . .Parker,

~

Second. side

/

00/000

Problems of relationship with community; pressure
from city government official about medical school
applicant.

05/120

Incident involving professor who wished to study
the Polish community; ethnic composition of student
body; plan to build dormitories; student involvement,

12/245

Desire to expand geographical base of UB; read from
his memorandum about the small group who ran the
University; incident involving a professor who used
his office to run his consulting firm; role of Dr,
Pratt,

19/360

Weaknesses

25/425

UB today; role in selection of Meyerson; Seymour
Knox,

within~

UB; financial problems,

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                    <text>McConnell, Thomas Raymond. Oral History Interview, May 3,
1979. Interviewed by Brenda K. Shelton. [OH 20]

TAPE 1 SIDE 1
BKS: This interview with Dr. T.R. McConnell is taking place on May
3, 1979 at the University at Buffalo Archives. Interviewer is
Brenda Shelton. Dr. McConnell, could we start out by talking
a little bit about how you came to the University? How did
that all start?
TRM: Well, I think I covered that in this memorandum which I turned
in. And maybe you could get it from that. But in general I
might say that to the invitation to come to the University for
a discussion of the matter of possible appointment came "out
of the blue." I didn't know anybody here and I have no idea
how my name was secured. I've never asked. And as I said in
this memorandum, I talked to various people.
I said if I
could be helpful in suggesting candidates for them, I'd be
glad to do it. And went on back to Minnesota and forget it.
Then I had a letter from Mr. Knox saying that I really hadn't
spent enough time to find out about the University while I was
here. Wouldn't I come back? And stay long enough to get some
notion of the nature of the institution. And so I did.
And
in due course I was offered the position.
BKS: So you really don't know what drew the attention of Mr. Knox
and others to you in the first place?
TRM: No.
BKS: What had you heard about the University of Buffalo before you
came here?
TRM: Very little.
I can't remember that I knew anything in
particular about it. I'm sure I knew about it as a university
in this part of the world, but .•. but certainly nothing in
any specific sort.
BKS: You hadn't known Chancellor Capen?
TRM: I've never known Chancellor Capen, no. But I'm glad to say in
this connection that I had some part in getting his papers
published. While I was Chancellor.
BKS: Let me approach it from the other side a little bit. Why did
you decide to come?
You didn't know much about the
university. What decided you?
TRM: Well,
um ... its a little hard to remember just why I
came.
I had been offered some presidencies.
But it was
generally uninteresting.
But I had the feeling that what I
had done as Dean of the College of Science, Literature and
Arts at the University of Minnesota was useful at that period,
but I have a strong feeling that different times call for
different people. In administrative positions. Its very hard
for people to learn new lines and to take new roles in a new
scenario. And I felt that it was perhaps a good time for me
to leave the University of Minnesota. I might say that when
1

�McConnell, Thomas Raymond. Oral History Interview, May 3,
1979. Interviewed by Brenda K. Shelton. (OH 20]

BKS:
TRM:

BKS:
TRM:
BKS:
TRM:
BKS:
TRM:

the issue arose to whether I would resign to come here, I was
offered a position of Professor in the Graduate School at
Minnesota. Which would have relieved me of all administrative
responsibilities. I was told I could do just what I wanted to
do.
I could teach, I could do research, I do consulting, I
could do anything that I chose.
I couldn't accept such a
position although its certainly the perfect on for an academic
man, I suppose, because I felt that I was not more qualified
for such an appointment than a good many of my colleagues at
Minnesota.
And therefore I simply couldn't assume this
preferential job as it was at that moment. And the University
of Buffalo it seemed to me might be a very interesting place.
It had been this long in the distinguished career of Dr.
Capen. But the University was badly in need of moving on. I
was in a public institution.
I had begun my teaching and
administrative work in a private college. I was interested in
private higher education. And I just thought this might be an
intensely interesting place.
You have anticipated a couple of my questions. I was curious
as to whether you had ever had prior experience with a private
university. Apparently ...
Well, as I've pointed out in that paper, a copy of which I
just gave to archivist.
When I was graduated from Cornell
College which is a small liberal arts college in Iowa. I was
appointed as instructor in English. Then after some period,
a small short period of time I was called in an told that the
Professor of Education had made a shambles of a course in
Introduction to Education.
And they wanted me to take it
over.
Incidentally, that gentleman is a distinguished
sociologist who has recently retired from UCLA. And I did and
I found it a fascinating book.
Later I was told the same
thing about the course in Introduction to Psychology. And I
had taken all the courses in the Psychology Department.
So
they asked me to reorganize the first course in Psychology.
Go ahead which I did. To make a long story short, that's the
reason I became and Educational Psychologist. But after that
time I was asked to Dean of the College.
And I was Dean of
the College when I left for Minnesota.
So you had been in the private sector?
And I'm ... (?] ... life member of the Board of Trustees for
the institution.
That's still far different of course from private urban
institution.
Yes.
Very different.
This was a college of 750 students.
The happiest period in my life I might say.
What did you see as your major ... your goals when you first
came? How did you envision your role?
Well, as pointed out in the memorandum, a copy of which I'll
2

�McConnell, Thomas Raymond. Oral History Interview, May 3,
1979. Interviewed by Brenda K. Shelton. [OH 20]
give you if you'd like to have it.
I'm sure the archivist
won't object.
First job was to put the house in financial
order because I was ... although I was told I would have a
balanced budget. And by the way I didn't come in until the.
end of the summer. I discovered that they simply balanced the
budget by writing up student tuition. And the students didn't
appear in that number.
So that my first job was to do
something to manage the financial difficulties. And I think
we ended the year with a deficit of $12,000 or something like
that. My ... that was the immediate problem. Which was only
symptomatic of the fundamental financial problem of the
university.
And I had to devote a good deal of time not
actually soliciting funds for the university, but getting an
organization established that would strengthen the ties of the
institution to its city and its region.
And to use a more
intimate relationship of the two as a means of both financial
and moral support for the institution. And so I made various
adaptations and new developments in the organization with this
in mind.
BKS: Obviously, those ...
TRM: May I add ..• just add one more. Because I wasn't interested
just in the financial affairs of the institution. There were
here a few distinguished scholars.
Distinguished in the
academic world.
And you named one awhile ago.
Professor
Pratt was one of those.
The number was relatively small.
There were other scholars whose reputation was well founded
but it was largely a local reputation. And one of my primary
purposes was to lay the foundation and that's all one can do
in a short period of time for doing ..• for strengthening the
intellectual life of the institution and particularly of the
faculty.
The development of research and scholarship and
intellectual life of the institution.
To which Chancellor
Capen said was the primary purpose of the university.
But
that's ... that's what I really wanted to do.
And that was
one reason for example without my ever saying so that we
appointed university professors. Not only to reward them for
distinguished academic career but to use them as models for
the rest of the faculty.
This I pointed out in this
memorandum, too.
There was a rumor around that I wouldn't
promote anybody who wasn't doing research and scholarly
writing. Now that wasn't true. As Dean of Minnesota I made
some promotions against the wishes of departments of people
who were not distinguished research scholars, but who were
distinguished teachers. And I would have done the same thing
here. But I didn't say so. I decided to let the rumor stand
in the hope that that would be another prod to the kind of
intellectual development that I thought ought to take place
here. Sorry about that long tape.
3

�McConnell, Thomas Raymond. Oral History Interview, May 3,
1979. Interviewed by Brenda K. Shelton. [OH 20]
BKS: The men and in a few cases women who had been in power here
before you came had been here for a long time.
TRM: In the faculty you mean?
BKS: Yes.
And in the administration also ... both.
So that it
must have been difficult in many ways. Things had been going
the same way for a long time. Perhaps people get set in their
ways when they're in one position for a long time. Was this
difficult?
TRM: Yes, it was difficult. Perhaps a little more difficult than
in many institutions. I think primarily because Dr. Capen was
not very well in the later years of his . administration.
Because his own points of view were to my mind were entirely
sound and appropriate for a great university. It wasn't ...
I didn't have any particular difficulties with the power
structure as a matter of fact.
Some of them didn't like me.
Didn't like my points of view. It was quite clear. But I did
everything I could to support people like Pratt and others who
were doing scholarly work. Who wanted to do scholarly work.
At the same time giving support to people like John Horton who
lectured in Latin but who didn't write any books. As far as
I remember.
BKS: A few.
Not ... not ... I think two.
TRM: But I think there wasn't any rigid power structure that I felt
was a serious obstacle. At least I can't remember now.
BKS: In the financial set up which you have already talked about,
was one of the problems there that there wasn't a rigid set
up? That Mr. Crofts had sort of an informal arrangement with
Chancellor Capen?
TRM: Well, the structure ... the administrative organization was
one of dual responsibility to the governing board. That is to
say both Chancellor Capen and Mr. Crofts were directly
responsible to the Council. And Mr. Crofts . . . in other words
they were coordinate officers.
And one of the conditions I
made before I took the position was that this would be
changed.
And that the principal financial officer would be
responsible to the Chancellor and only the Chancellor would be
directly responsible to the governing board.
BKS: Was this a problem with Mr. Crofts?
TRM: Well, he remained a year as Treasurer. And I ... I accepted
that without any particular concern and moved ahead.
He
wasn't obstructive in any particular way.
I remember some
occasions in which I did assert myself. The Finance Committee
of the Council meeting one time asked Mr. Crofts for some
financial administration. What it was I don't remember. It
was the kind of information which they had every reason to ask
for and which he had every reason to have at hand.
Or could
have secured without much difficulty.
But he evaded the
request for this information in a variety of ways.
And I
4

�McConnell, Thomas Raymond. Oral History Interview, May 3,
1979. Interviewed by Brenda K. Shelton. [OH 20]

BKS:

TRM:

BKS:

TRM:

BKS:

could see he had no intention of giving it to them.
So I
simply spoke up and said, "Well, perhaps it will take a little
time to get the information you want together. And we' 11 have
it ready for the next meeting. "
And I told him to get it
ready. But there were very few such occasions.
I'm curious about something just because I have had people
allude to it. A number of times in interviews. What sort of
power did Emily Webster assert? Do you know? I've had people
say that she really ran the place.
I'd rather not discuss this really, but ..• first of all she
was very close to Mr. Crofts.
And who decided what or who
took the initiative on this or that; I don't know.
I really
didn't care. She was very friendly. She was cooperative. If
I asked her for something I could get it.
And so as I
remember there was no contention between us.
I guess as a woman and as an historian, I have become
interested in these women in positions like that who have no
great power as far as their title is concerned but who exert
a great deal of power. And there seemed to have been a lot of
them in the early part of the 20th century.
And perhaps
that's why I'm asking the question. Out of my own curiosity.
Well, I didn't have long discussions with Mr. Crofts and I
can't tell you how much he knew or what he knew about. But I
should think that Miss Webster knew all that was expected from
that office.
I think she was competent and reasonably
systematic. Now there's one thing I mentioned in memorandum
and without attaching that name to it.
I discovered that
somebody in the Treasurer's Office was rebating the tuition of
selected athletes. And I think I'm correct. I think it was
Miss Webster.
And I don't think anybody had given her
permission to do this.
Mr. Crofts might have known it and
might have approved it. I can't say. But without ever asking
him I can guarantee that Chancellor Capen didn't know it. Now
the only ... here I might say however, and this is ... I think
the only possible criticism I really ever made of Chancellor
Capen for whom I had great regard.
I think his attitude was
that he didn't want to know anything about athletics. And if
he didn't know anything about it then he wasn't responsible
for it. Now to some extent I'm attributing motivation to him
that maybe unfair. But at any rate, that was my conclusion.
Now there ... I said that one of my very few criticisms of Dr.
Capen and you could make the same criticism of many university
presidents.
My own attitude as long since been that if
athletics are to be cleaned up the best way to do is to make
the President of the institution responsible for
the
undesirable practices that are now and then revealed. And if
he lost his job over it the world would be different.
Would the pressure for this kind of athletic rebate system
5

�McConnell, Thomas Raymond. Oral History Interview, May 3,
1979. Interviewed by Brenda K. Shelton. [OH 20]
have come from members of the Council do you think?
TRM: Oh, not very many at any rate. There might have been a few.
BKS: Or Alumni?
TRM: Alumni.
From the Athletic Department itself I suppose.
I
really don't know.
BKS: There certainly were a number of influential alumni who were
very much in favor of an expanded sports program.
TRM: That's right and they were not very sympathetic to my
administration because I didn't believe in a professional
university football team.
I made it quite clear.
BKS: Well, you shared Dr. Capen's views there . . . . [laugh] ... from
what I've read of his.
TRM:
[laugh]
I took my text on this matter in the
memorandum I've prepared from one of Dr. Capen's papers.
[laugh] ...
BKS: All of this brings up another question that you were saying
that Mr. Crofts and Chancellor Capen had been coordinately
responsible to the Council.
To what extent did the Council
run the place?
TRM: Oh, to a very little extent.
BKS: Was it more of an honorary kind of thing?
TRM: Well, to a considerable degree. The real authority lay in the
general administrative committee.
You may remember that
something like a third of the voting members of the Council
were elected by the Alumni directly.
And ... some of them
were very much interested in football for example. But most
of those didn't turn up on the administrative committee of the
Council.
They were really highly responsible and highly
influential people. And I think one of the things I did not
do very effectively was to educate the Council as a whole with
respect to the affairs of the institution. One of the ••. I
think one of the most important functions of the university
president is to educate the members of the governing board.
But you see it was a large council. And I was busy with all
kinds of things.
And although I use to think about it and
worry about, I didn't spend enough time with this. Again, the
general administrative committee was different. They met once
a week. Or once a month, excuse me. And were privy to most
things.
I tried to keep them reasonably well informed with
respect to what was going on at the University beyond whatever
formal action I wanted them to take. Or they wanted to take.
So I think they were reasonably well informed.
Mr. Knox I
kept informed very closely. And I've said in this memorandum
again, he was a remarkable Chairman of a governing board. He
understood university affairs almost intuitively.
I had
nothing but support from him. I asked him frequently for his
point of view for advice, for counsel which he never expected
me to take unless I chose to do so. I think that expresses it
6

��McConnell, Thomas Raymond. Oral History Interview, May 3,
1979. Interviewed by Brenda K. Shelton. [OH 20]
reasonably well.
BKS: Of course there were some members who were in effect permanent
on the Council.
Mr. Knox among them.
Other came and went
particularly the Alumni representatives.
TRM: Yes.
BKS: Now Mr. Osborn was another was he not?
TRM: Mr. Osborn was Vice Chairman at least during a part of the
time I was Chancellor.
And whatever his private sentiments
were I really don't know, but at least he was very supportive.
Who is the man in Philosophy who got in trouble with the
American Activities Committee?
BKS: Dr. Parry? Dr. Parry.
TRM: Dr. Parry.
When the faculty made a recommendation with
respect to the Parry case.·
And· I decided to follow the
faculty recommendation. I asked Dr . . . . I asked Mr. Knox and
Mr. Osborn to have lunch with me. And I started to tell them
the history of the case.
And what the faculty proposed.
Halfway through that Mr. Knox interrupted and said, "Well, you
want to keep him, don't you?"
And Mr. Osborn I remember
saying, and I had ... incidentally, I had explained that if we
did not follow the faculty recommendation I was sure there
would be an extremely qifficult relationship between the
Chancellor and faculty and the Council in fact.
And Mr.
Osborn spoke up to say, "Well, I'm on the Board of Trustees of
another university in which the faculty and the president are
at odds and I don't want anymore of that." And that settled
the question. That short luncheon period of the Parry case.
BKS: How fortunate.
Because there must have been a good deal of
pressure from the community, Buffalo as a whole, to get rid of
that Communist.
TRM: Yes.
I didn't mention the Parry case in this memorandum
mainly because I didn't have any papers at hand.
And Dr.
Lester Anderson who read my memorandum, I asked him to check
it for accuracy, thinks I should have added something.
BKS: Well, its something I would like you to talk about a little
bit if you would be willing too?
TRM: You want to?
BKS: Yes.
TRM: Well ...
END OF TAPE 1 SIDE 1
BEGIN TAPE 1 SIDE 2
BKS: Alright.
TRM: What I say about the Parry case is subject to correction
because I have not had a chance today to look at the papers
and I expect to do so if I can get the time. But let me say
7

�McConnell, Thomas Raymond. Oral History Interview, May 3,
1979. Interviewed by Brenda K. Shelton. [OH 20]
that the UnAmerican Activities Committee had ... or perhaps I
should say the Chairman of the UnAmerican Activities Committee
had been extremely critical of the university and college
faculty people as you well remember. And I thought it would
be extremely unusual if we didn't have some problem.
Most
universities of any consequence did have a problem.
And I
decided that it would be far better to have a policy
established in advanced of a particular case. So I appointed
a Faculty Committee to recommend a policy with respect to such
a matter if a faculty member were called before the UnAmerican
Activities Committee and admitted membership of the communist
party or something related to that that might cause a great
deal of criticism.
I tried to appoint to this committee
people who were not extremely conservative. Neither I suppose
extremely radical members of the faculty.
But a judicious
group of people, highly respected by their fellows and with
high integrity and commitment to academic freedom.
And I
don't remember the membership of the committee. Neither do I
remember the Chairman, I'm sorry to say. This committee did
outline a policy. The details of which I don't remember. But
in general I think the policy stated that if a member of the
faculty was called before the UnAmerican Activities Committee
he should not plead the Fifth Amendment, but if he had been a
member of the Communist party to say so. Or if he was still
a member of the Communist party he should say so.
And that
this we thought would be consistent with the integrity and
openness that might be expected of a member of the university
faculty.
Parry was called before the committee, plead the
Fifth Amendment, and so violated the advise of the faculty
committee. I said go back and minute and say ... the faculty
report was submitted to the General Administrative Committee
which approved it. Then I called the faculty ... a meeting.
And told
and read as I remember, either read or
distributed, the faculty statement.
And stated that it had
been submitted to the General Administrative Committee and
approved.
There were members of the faculty who were
extremely critical of my procedure in this matter. Because I
had gone to the General Administrative Committee without
bringing the report of the committee, the faculty committee,
to the faculty.
And I remember the Dean of the School of
Education making an extremely critical speech from the floor.
But at any rate, the document prevailed. Then there were two
possible procedures. One was to have the Chancellor appoint
a special committee to hear the case. The other was for the,
I think it was called the Executive Committee of the College
Faculty to hear the case. I asked the Dean of the College of
Arts and Sciences if that committee wished to hear the case.
And said that if it didn't, then I would appoint a committee
8

�McConnell, Thomas Raymond. Oral History Interview, May 3,
1979. Interviewed by Brenda K. Shelton. [OH 20]

BKS:
TRM:

.

BKS:

to do so.
It chose to hear the case.
I think quite
appropriately because it wanted to assert its responsibility
I think, or to maintain its responsibility. This was a long
hearing at which Mr. Parry admitted he had been a member of
the Communist party. He admitted it freely to this committee.
Although he refused to do so to the Congressional Committee.
That he had left the party. This committee met day after day.
I remember that it met at time when I should have been writing
a commencement speech. I told Mr •••• Professor Parry that I
didn't like the idea of having counsel at the meetings because
that made it seem far more formal than I thought it might be
..• wise stand. But that if he wanted to decline to comment
on any question before seeing his own counsel privately, he
would have every right to do and we would reserve by the
committee the same right.
There were no difficulties
whatever. All I want to say is that I ••• and other members
of the committee felt it was a very unpleasant occasion
because we were digging into man's soul. And that's the kind
of thing most of us hate to do. Incidentally, I might say, I
came to the conclusion that my home telephone was tapped by
the FBI during this period. And members of the committee were
sometimes inclined to call me at home to comment on something
that had been taken place or might take place the next day or
something. And I finally asked the committee not to call me
by telephone but to come to the office to talk to me.
Those were unpleasant times.
And I •.• you can find the decision that was made which was
approved by the General Administrative Committee.
I was in
touch constantly with the Secretary of the Association of
University Professors in Washington. Who by the way had been
an old teacher of political science of mine. Himstead, Ralph
Himstead. Because I wanted to be absolutely sure that there
would be no question whatever about procedure.
And I think
there was never any question about procedure. The solution by
the way was very close to the one the, Fury, F-u-r-y, I think
the name was case at Harvard.
For which Harvard got public
commendation but we didn't get public commendation. I' 11 just
close by saying that there was a faculty reception for us when
we left Berkley and one of the first people through the line
was Professor Parry. The decision in his case was to revoke
his tenure, but to leave him on the staff. And to have him go
through the same procedure, evaluation and recommendation for
tenure.
It was my successor who underwent certain
circumstances or on whose recommendation are •.• just when I
don't remember, restored his tenure. That's all I remember.
I'm hoping to read the papers this afternoon • . . . [laugh] ••.
Well, your comments at the beginning about the role that Mr.
Knox played; that's very interesting. Because obviously, had
9

�McConnell, Thomas Raymond. Oral History Interview, May 3,
1979. Interviewed by Brenda K. Shelton. [OH 20]
you not had anyone of authority on the Council supporting your
position and supporting your position in the community there
could have been a far more serious problem. I think. Between
the University and town ... [?] ...
TRM: That's right. And I realize that there would be a great deal
of public criticism of our decision.
Mr. Kirchhofer was a
member of the Council.
The Buffalo Evening News.
And I
decided, although I usually didn't do this sort of thing, to
go on telling him what the decision had been and telling him
a little more about what I thought the essential reasons were.
And simply saying that I realize that he would make whatever
comments he chose.
But that support would be very helpful.
He wrote an editorial about it in which he disagreed with the
decision, but went on to say at the end of the editorial that
the only body that had the right to make the decision, that is
to say the Council or General Administrative Committee hadn't
made it.
And that I appreciated at least.
But I regret to
say that I didn't realize that the ... is this Erie County?
Erie County American Legion was to meet the day or so after
the announcement of the decision was made.
And we were
denounced by the American Legion.
But that was all in the
course of a day anyhow.
BKS: You have been touching here on the community. Obviously, the
community has to play a certain role in a private, urban
university that is supported financially by that community.
Would you like to comment at all on that interrelationship
between the University and Buffalo as a whole?
TRM: Well, I think
the few financial, formal financial
campaigns conducted by the University have been conducted by
members of the Council. Mr. Cooke for example. You I'm sure
have this history. It is my understanding that Dr. Capen had
an agreement when he became Chancellor that he would not be
responsible for financial promotion. So there was a very long
period of time in·which there had been no systematic community
cultivation.
Either of finance or support.
And so some of
the
things
that
I
did
during my
relatively
short
administration were designed to strengthen the relationships
between the University and the community.
One of them for
example was to appoint a liaison committee. Which would work
with industry to development of conferences, · research
relationships, translation of research from faculty at the
university that might be of value and interest to industry and
commerce in this area.
In general to promote these
relationship because some kind of basic foundation had to be
established. It wasn't there. The same thing was very true
was true with other than financial matters in the
university. I don't think the university had ever penetrated
certain elements of the community to speak of. Although when
10

�McConnell, Thomas Raymond. Oral History Interview, May 3,
1979. Interviewed by Brenda K. Shelton. [OH 20]

BKS:

TRM:

BKS:
TRM:

I came here having learned to pronounce Scandinavian names in
Minnesota, I had to learn to pronounce Polish and Italian
names in Buffalo. There were a great many Polish and Italian
students. But I don't think that the community ... those two
communities had much relationship with the university.
Interestingly enough, if I may comment on this.
These are
people who are likely to be interested in music for example.
I discovered when I went to the symphony concerts and there
were five symphony orchestras here that you couldn't find
these minority members of the community in the audience.
It
didn't touch them.
It didn't reach them.
And one of the
reasons I wanted to establish dormitories was to bring life to
the campus.
Not only to give students a sense of community
and membership in a university, but to bring people in the
community to the university for lectures and concerts. Now we
had to have many major things downtown because we didn't have
auditorium large enough, other facilities for it. But it was
just out here on the edge and very few people really knew very
much about it.
One of the things that I have found interesting is that the
men and women who supported the university through the years financially and in other ways, are not the people who go
there. or send their children there.
Well, I think that's often true.
This . . . first of all,
people like to send their children away from home.
And
children like to go away from home.
I wanted to send my
children away from home to college and did.
I shouldn't say
I sent them. They chose where to go. So that I think it was
reasonably normal.
But I'm afraid of a kind of patronizing
attitude toward the university in influential members of the
community. Now there were very many exceptions to the fact.
But there was no sense of intimacy.
I think you could find
people who are students of higher education, who would say
there ought not to be very much intimacy between a community
and a university. And I can understand their reasons. They
fear control. They fear too much influence. They fear even
an influence on the educational policy and programs.
Perhaps that influence and control did exist when it came to
some of the professional schools.
Well, it might, but then I think not too much. Let me mention
the law school.
When I came here I was visited by some
members of the legal community who objected strenuously that
the law school spent its time patterning itself after the
Harvard Law School and was utterly uninterested in the Bar in
Erie County. And they thought this was inappropriate. And as
a matter a fact I think as time went on the law school did
take an interest in the legal affairs of the profession and of
the community and so forth.
And did establish closer
11

�McConnell, Thomas Raymond. Oral History Interview, May 3,
1979. Interviewed by Brenda K. Shelton. (OH 20]

BKS:
TRM:

BKS:
TRM:

BKS:

TRM:

relationships professionally with them.
Whether I had any
influence in that I really don't know or don't remember.
It
doesn't make any difference because I think the fact
developed. The relationships between the medical school and
the local hospitals were varied and complicated and I don't
think I have the background at the moment to make much comment
on that.
There certainly was a lot of pressure to have the med schools
stay near the general hospitals.
That's right.
And if you look at my memorandum you'll see
what I said about that. I was offered a million dollars one
night in a Buffalo club toward the total sum we had to raise
to build a new medical school if I put it across from the
General Hospital. That's in the memorandum also.
Well, certainly many of the faculty at both the Dental School
and the Medical School were practicing Buffalo physicians.
That's right.
And one of the difficulties I had, this goes
back to what needed to be done academically and intellectually
in the University.
One of the difficulties of the Medical
School was it had a pretty good clinical staff but it was not
adequate in the medical sciences.
And this was one of the
jobs I had.
Stockton Kimball, Dr. Stockton Kimball was a
cooperative, intelligent and able person. But of course, he
was in the middle of all of the struggle for power and
position among the hospitals, medical groups, the city.
Did
remarkably well. In the memorandum again, I have said that I
discovered that in the Dental School most of the faculty
members who were practicing dentists in most cases, relatively
very small continuing full time staff in the Dental School
were graduates of the University of Buffalo. And the fathers
were succeeded by their sons. And I called the Dental Dean in
one time and discussed this with him and said, "This must
cease. You have to bring people with other backgrounds, from
other institutions." He said, "There aren't any to speak of
that we can call upon."
I said, "Oh, well look around
harder. " It scared him to death. But you know these are not
things that are particularly to only Buffalo.
This sort of
thing happens everywhere.
Some places more intensely than
others obviously.
There is a philosophical problem here perhaps. The University
of Buffalo, one of its purposes is to serve the Buffalo
community.
And that means in turn I think, that Buffalo
should have . . . the community of Buffalo should have some
input into what the University does.
And yet you have to
balance that with the need of the University to remain
independent. Its almost a balancing act.
Well, that's one reason I established the Liaison Committee.
Incidentally, the young man whose is its first director I
12

�McConnell, Thomas Raymond. Oral History Interview, May 3,
1979. Interviewed by Brenda K. Shelton. [OH 20]

BKS:
TRM:

BKS:
TRM:
BKS:
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BKS:
TRM:

BKS:
TRM:
BKS:
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think is still here. From the Engineering School.
I wanted
a means of two way communication.
And interest and
cooperation without the danger of control. And I thought this
device might do that.
Now I haven't any history of it so I
don't know what materialized, but I think it was going along
reasonably well when I left. Buffalo is a curious case. Or
at least was in my time. The ... many of the major industrial
firms in Buffalo had their central offices, their main offices
in other locations.
And that made this a particularly
difficult problem. You could get some contribution let us say
from Westinghouse, but not as much as if Westinghouse had been
located in Buffalo.
Or Bethlehem Steel or ...
That's right. And this is one of the reasons that I concluded
before I left, although I don't remember even saying anything
much about it, that the future of Buffalo as a private
institution was doubtful.
That was something I was curious about. Had you even before
you left here had any thought of it
UB going state?
Merging with the State University?
No.
This had never been discussed or ... hinted at or anything?
No. And I don't remember whether I ever said this to people
of any consequence or not. But I ...
I'm curious as to how far back that idea goes.
I don't know.
But you see the lack of financial promotion
over a long period of time was devastating to the institution.
And to make up the difference would have been extremely
difficult. Now there are a few cases in the country where the
differences was made up. One of the was stanford University
which is a case of miraculous financial and academic
development in the fifteen years I've been ... er, more than
that now,
in the years I've been in Berkley.
I've seen
Stanford come up to one of the relatively small number of
extremely distinguished private institutions.
But Buffalo
lacked that foundation on which to build.
The urban, private university is sort of a unique beast.
That's right.
There aren't too many of them when you look around the
country.
And I suppose Harvard has practically no relationship with the
surrounding community.
No, I don't think of that somehow as .•.
But
I
think
a
state
university
probably
has
more
responsibility to ... and a much wider area than a private
urban university.
I don't mean to say that you could not
ignore Buffalo and the Niagara Frontier, but nonetheless this
institution must have wider reference than that, certainly.
13

�McConnell, Thomas Raymond. oral History Interview, May 3,
1979. Interviewed by Brenda K. Shelton. [OH 20]
Its interesting that at the University of California they're
having a considerable argument now about agricultural research
at the University which the agricultural unions now declare
was ... primarily to support agribusiness. Which is nothing
new. I made a speech at Berkley about that a long time ago.
For example, they invented a machine to pick tomatoes. And in
order to that successfully they had to develope a new strain
of tomatoes with thick skins.
If you eat tomatoes in
California you've got to peel them. So there are many aspects
of a public institution's relationship to the public it
serves.
It has tended to ignore certain groups in the past
which it can no longer ignore and to favor certain groups
which it can no longer just favor.
So I would think that
while the University needs to be sensitive to the research
needs, to the developmental needs of industry and commerce in
its area; that it has to be extremely careful to devise
methods of doing this without succumbing to undue control.
Goodness knows that's an obvious statement. And its hard to
do.
But it has to be done. Its a very nice bit of maneuver
to maintain the integrity of the institution and yet to serve
its community in an appropriate way. And what I've said about
businesses and industry ought to be said about cultural
activities in the community as well.
The University when I
came here, I think was un-thought of as a cultural element in
the university ... of of the community. Maybe I'm wrong about
that. Remember its been 25 years since I've left here. So my
memory may be pretty faulty. But I can't remember many cases.
Can you?
BKS: No, no, I can't.
END OF TAPE 1 SIDE 2
BEGIN TAPE 2 SIDE 1
BKS: As I was about to say, the community puts all these pressures
on the college and obviously would like to have some control.
Within the University there are so many groups who want to
exert control also.
There's the faculty in the case of the
University of Buffalo, the Council, the Administration, the
Chancellor, the students.
These must also force the
Chancellor to manuever, to use your words.
At times the
faculty ... the interests of the faculty and the interests of
the Administration may not be identical.
TRM: I'm going to discuss that tomorrow noon, as a matter of fact,
to some degree.
Perhaps I shouldn't have used the word
manuever because this suggests something that isn't entirely
open to all concerned. And my last paragraph tomorrow has to
do with openness in administration.
But one of the
14

�McConnell, Thomas Raymond. Oral History Interview, May 3,
1979. Interviewed by Brenda K. Shelton. [OH 20]
President's responsibility is to mobilize the efforts of these
constituencies toward University purposes which are consistent
with the major functions of the institution.
He has to do
this of course with an enormous amount of assistance from all
the parties concerned, representatives of all the parties
concerned.
And incidentally, the internal power of the
University is being redistributed. I wrote a monograph five
years ago I guess called The Redistribution of Power in
American Higher Education. And I confined it to the internal
problems rather than to all the external influences that are
playing upon the institutions today from the state government,
from the federal government, from all kinds of agencies on the
outside.
But internally the power is being redistributed.
And here I think the President has to play a kind of pathetic
role, he has to play a leadership role, he has to play a role
of
education,
of
cooperation
and
consultation,
of
mobilization. Easy to say, extremely difficult to do.
[laugh] ... I don't think that's been a very good answer for
you.
For example, I should say tomorrow noon among other
things that the of decision-making is moving upward in the
institutions and in higher education generally.
That is to
say what was decided at some local point in an institution can
no longer be decided at that point.
But that the decisions
are moving upward. For example, you've got a redistribution
of faculty according to fields of study and research in
universities today.
Its extremely difficult to do.
The
clientele is now wanting more vocational and professional
education of certain kinds.
Which makes it extremely
difficult to redistribute the sources to take advantage of
this. And I think this is one of the reasons why the Central
Administration and perhaps appropriate sections of the
governing board will have to exercise more authority and
discretion than they have in the past.
And this will mean
objections from many faculty which really wouldn't make the
decisions anyhow because it doesn't possess all
the
information necessary and doesn't want to make the tough
decisions when they have to be made. But they will object now
as to the fact that the decisions are made above. So you will
find I think that to ... not only is there more participation
in governmental affairs for example by students, and the
faculty is demanding more participation, and you will find
that governing boards under pressure from community forces
will be demanding more participation.
Yet somehow or other
all these interests and demands have to be somehow reconciled
in the service of the institution.
I'm glad I'm not a
University President.
BKS: You were talking about the different groups that exert control
or try to.
One group we haven't talked about at all so far
15

�McConnell, Thomas Raymond. Oral History Interview, May 3,
1979. Interviewed by Brenda K. Shelton. [OH 20]

TRM:

BKS:
TRM:

BKS:
TRM:

are the students.
Either your opinion of them, of the
students of the University when you were here or their
attempts to exert ... have some voice in matters ... [?can't
understand her here] ... ?
Well, I should say there was very little of that at the
University of Buffalo between 1950 and 1954. I tried to keep
in touch with students.
But incidentally, Dorothy Haas was
the best person I've ever known to provide a link between the
Administration and the students.
She was an extremely
skillful and able person at this. You know who she is?
Yes.
Yes. I don't mean that the Dean of Students whom I appointed
was ... was not able to, but Dorothy knew how to get to the
students. There wasn't any pressure for a decision-making on
fundamental, university or academic affairs. I remember that
some group of students came into see me one time, to press me
for more support for athletics. Football particularly. They
said, "You want to make this a greater university, don't you?"
And I said, "I certainly do."
"Well how can you do that
without a good football team?" And I remember saying, "Have
you heard of the University of Rochester over the way?"
"Yes."
"Well, it has a much more • . . important academic
distinction that the University of Buffalo at the moment and
it plays little colleges in football." So I'm not sure that
there's any great correlation between football prowess and
academic distinction. They took it all very well. During my
first year, just before the inauguration ... my inauguration,
the students wrote an extremely critical review of a book name
of which I've forgotten.
The review angered the Catholic
community in the city. And Claude Puffer called me up one day
and said, "You want to keep the good will of the religious
communities in the city, don't you?" And I said, "Yes." He
said, "Well, I have had calls from certain catholic clergyman
who say that if you don't get that retracted, the Bishop will
not turn up at your inauguration." So he said you better do
something.
This was in the student newspaper? The review?
Yeah.
So I got the editor in and maybe some others, I've
forgotten, and we talked this over.
And the editor said,
"Well, we don't think there ought to be any disharmony at this
occasion.
Why don't we write something that will take the
sting away?" I said, "Okay." Well, the more I began to think
about that ... the more I thought about that I should say, the
more I thought that it was perfectly legitimate for students
to have written this criticism.
So I called up the young
editor and said, "Forget it. You don't have to do anything."
Incidentally, the Bishop turned up and made the invocation and
was as friendly as could be.
On the other hand, student
16

�McConnell, Thomas Raymond. Oral History Interview, May 3,
1979. Interviewed by Brenda K. Shelton. (OH 20]

BKS:
TRM:
BKS:
TRM:
BKS:
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BKS:

TRM:
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publications were a public relations problem.
Arid I don't
remember the specific instances to support that position. And
I thought a good many of the publications were irresponsible.
But I didn't see any way to move in on this without being
accused of suppression or censorship or what not. But it was
after a particular case, which I've forgotten, that gave me an
opening to appoint a student faculty committee on publications
to review the whole question.
Both of freedom and
responsibility.
Now that's another case of
student
involvement, but the number of instances in those days was
relatively small.
Was there any student pressure during the Parry case?
During what?
The Parry case?
None whatever.
That I remember.
Now you have to remember
this is 25 years ago and I may have forgotten.
But I can't
remember any.
When you placed us against the background of the McCarthy era,
so-called McCarthy era, certainly there could have been
problems.
That's right.
But you ... and I
incidentally, I was
tested out on academic freedom after I came in various ways.
Details of which I don't remember. But I'm ... I think that
the faculty felt that nobody could be as responsible as
Chancellor Capen with respect to the matter. So a conference
was organized soon after I came having to do with civil
liberties and academic freedom and so on. And I'm pretty sure
that was organized for my benefit so to speak. Incidentally,
I had agreed to lecture at the University of Minnesota and I
missed the conference ... (laugh] ... simply left a paper to
read by somebody else for me. But I know of no exception on
Dr. Capen's part to a clean cut view of academic intellectual
freedom in the University. And I'm not surprised I was tested
in various ways. I think I came out alright.
I suppose whenever a person comes in to replace a man who has
been in an institution for so long and was so widely admired,
its a hard act to follow. And almost inevitably some of the
people are going to look for trouble with the successor.
Well, I didn't have any.
You mention here of their setting up this committee.
Isn't
that sort of expecting you not to be as perfect as was Capen?
Oh, sure.
That's the kind of thing I mean.
I think that's understandable.
I think that Dr. Capen is
remarkable in this regard.
And I can understand why they
thought nobody could be that good. Because this . . . I came in
a period when there were all kinds of threats to academic
freedom.
17

�McConnell, Thomas Raymond. Oral History Interview, May 3,
1979. Interviewed by Brenda K. Shelton. (OH 20]
BKS: And in a time of transition for the University of Buffalo,
too.
TRM: That's right.
Now there were a few occasions, but not very
many of pressure from the community.
Linus Pauling was
invited to • . . by the Chemical Association of the Niagara
Frontier, whatever its name was I don't remember, to come here
at the University and give a lecture. And I had letters from
officials of the American Legion demanding that his invitation
be withdrawn. And I said, "You know he's going to speak about
chemistry, don't you? Do you have to worry about the chemists
who are employed by the corporations of the Niagara Frontier
being made into Communists by a chemical lecture?" "Well, we
don't want him around under any circumstances. 11 The only time
that Mrs. McConnell or I have ever asked for social publicity
was when asked the ... when we told the newspaper • . . the
local newspaper that we were having a dinner in honor of Linus
Pauling while he was here. So we did. Well there were a few
occasions like that. But not very many.
I think the reason
was simply that Dr. Capen had so established the University's
independence with respect to these men, that they've given up.
BKS: The community was use to this sort of behavior.
TRM: They were use to it.
They tried me out in a few ways and
generally gave up.
BKS: And obviously, some of the people on the Council were in full
support of the academic freedom policy also.
TRM: That's right.
I'm sure a lot of things happened around here
that Mr. Knox didn't like.
But I've never heard him even
suggest it. Never once. And every now and then our great and
good friend Professor Pratt would write letters to the
newspapers here that got me in trouble. Well, that's hardly
the word. That brought criticism let's say. I don't think I
was in trouble.
Cause they knew he was a man of very great
integrity.
BKS: This ties in with something else you had mentioned earlier.
The problem with the Catholic bishop.
And apparently there
had been from way back in the 20's, some problems along these
lines between the Catholic community and UB. Accusations come
up over and over again that UB was anti-Catholic.
Was this
one of the problems with Dr. Pratt also?
He certainly got
into a long controversy with some people at Canisius over the
responsibility for Pearl Harbor, I remember.
TRM: No, I don't remember anything involving Professor Pratt.
Although I do remember kidding him about teaching at
what's the Catholic university in Indiana? Notre Dame
(laugh]
I asked him if he had been censored in his
teaching at Notre Dame.
He said no, had no trouble at all.
There was ... I think the University was pinched now and then
by the competition of religious groups in the community. For
18

�McConnell, Thomas Raymond. Oral History Interview, May 3,
1979. Interviewed by Brenda K. Shelton. [OH 20]

BKS:
TRM:

BKS:

TRM:

BKS:
TRM:

example, when I came here I found that members of the
religious
groups
had
campus
offices
at which
their
representatives could discuss matters with students.
I also
discovered however, that they had begun to offer courses on
the campus to students.
These were obviously non-credit
courses.
This it seemed to me was not consistent with the
non-sectarian private status of the University. And I was a
bit troubled by this.
So I got in touch with the modern
rabbi, whose name I've forgotten. And said, "I was a little
disturbed by this and I thought it might be too much
contention and competition. In the end might just irritate a
lot of people." He said, "Never mind, I think these people
ought to have the students meet in their own religious plans
and I' 11 take care of it. " And he did. And I found he was an
extremely valuable consultant.
But once I. remember a rabbi
came into see me and criticized the University strenuously for
lack of communication, cooperation with the Jewish community.
And I remember saying to him finally, "Well, you know, I
consult frequently with Rabbi so and so." He said, "That's
just the trouble." He was a member of the Orthodox group and
he didn't like the fact that I was consulting a modern rabbi.
You know, these ... when you hear me talk about it may sound
like important issues or events, but they really weren't.
They're in the day-by-day business of the institution which
has some relations with the community.
But they are examples of how the President of a university is
bound to antagonize one group by pleasing another.
That's right. You know move straight ahead always remembering
what the University's function and position is. And you don't
try to make enemies.
You try to make friends but you don't
compromise the position. And of course you do make enemies
now and again in the process.
You mentioned earlier Mr. Kirchhofer at the Buffalo Evening
News. Generally speaking what sort of relationship was there
between the University and the press? I can put it another
way.
Do you think the two major newspaper in Buffalo, the
Courier Express and the News, treated the University fairly in
such matters as the Parry case or other situations?
Well, I think the University was, and I can't give you very
many concrete examples if any at the moment, was now and then
pinched between the two.
And I should think that would be
inevitable.
The Courier partly because of this competition
with the News was tended ... was likely to be more critical of
the University than the News.
The News had always had a rather close relationship through
Mr. Butler and Mr. Kirchhofer.
Yes. And incidentally, that was the case in which without any
overt action the University had to maintain its independence.
19

�McConnell, Thomas Raymond. Oral History Interview, May 3,
1979. Interviewed by Brenda K. Shelton. [OH 20)
Mr. Kirchhofer is sort of a taciturn man.
He was a little
difficult to develope a close relationship with, although he
was extremely courteous and pleasant and open to a discussion
with me. But the ..• my assistant, Administrative Assistant,
who was with Chancellor Capen for about 25 years, would
protect me from calls from the Courier let's say during the
day.
So what the Courier started to do was call me at night
at home.
Which was a little difficult.
So I had a country
place without any telephones.
. .. [laugh) ... And we had a
kind of family room in the basement where we couldn't hear the
telephone, so I could get away from it.
But many a night
after I'd gone to bed, I got a call from the Courier. Again,
BKS: This is part of ...
TRM: Just one of the annoyances in life.
BKS: I remember some problems over the building program while you
were at the University of Buffalo.
Some controversy over
where the buildings were going to be and how they were going
to be designed.
TRM: Well, I don't remember the problems of location except for the
Medical School which I've discussed with you. But we had an
extremely able and aggressive Chairman of the Council's
Committee on Buildings and Grounds.
I guess that was its
name. One Karr Parker. And it was extremely difficult to get
sufficient faculty input in the planning of the buildings.
For example, there were many problems with the School of
Engineering building.
That were due to undesirable
construction elements. And I remember one of the difficulties
with the Medical building was to get more than one elevator in
the building. He didn't like elevators in academic buildings.
But he discovered that if we had only one elevator not only
would people who were alive move up in the elevator, but they
might up with a corpse to the anatomy lab.
BKS: That was a good argument.
TRM: So we got two elevators in that building. But it is extremely
difficult to get adequate faculty input. And I finally just
insisted that he could not complete any plans until the
faculty had had a chance to go over the
and make
reasonable adjustments.
And this was true with the Medical
building. So ...
BKS: Once again you were sort of in the middle with the faculty.
TRM: N-a-yeah-ah. But not very badly. Now one of the ... I'm not
sure I ought to say this because I'll find difficulty in
finding any records to support it. But one of the principal
difficulties during Mr. Parker's regime was that ... to get a
contracts allotted to the lowest bidders. He was inclined to
take the bids and then negotiate the contract with one of the
bidders. Which I didn't like very well.
He had a yacht or
20

�McConnell, Thomas Raymond. Oral History Interview, May 3,
1979. Interviewed by Brenda K. Shelton. [OH 20]

BKS:
TRM:
BKS:
TRM:

some kind of a boat in which he went to Florida in winter and
... while he was in Florida one winter the Advice Chairman of
the Committee whose name I've forgotten.
One of the finest
people on the Council. Serving as Chairman of the committee.
And there was some construction matter that had to be
submitted to bids and we gave the contract to the lowest
bidder. And we heard from Mr. Parker from Florida, both of us
, about this.
Now I don't think there were any extremely
serious problems involved. At any rate, few contractors made
a protest over the matter.
But it was a matter of
considerable significance. Which I found very difficult. And
which if I remember correctly, I didn't even bother to discuss
with Mr. Knox.
I decided . . . might as well fuss with Mr.
Parker and not worry him.
And it all worked out alright?
Well, I don't think the Medical building was too well
constructed, but that's another story.
I've been asking a lot of questions.
Are there any areas
where you would like to say something that I haven't touched
on?
Well, I made some notes about things I hadn't discussed in
this memorandum, which was really a reply to the questions of
the doctoral student. Although I added some things which she
had not.

END OF TAPE 2 SIDE 1
BEGIN TAPE 2 SIDE 2
TRM: No, I don't think so.
There might be some more examples of
some minor difficulties with elements in the community, but I
don't think they would add anything to what we've already
talked about.
BKS: Well, its up to you. Although its an interesting part of the
history of this university, I think, is its interaction with
the community.
TRM: Well, I could give you an example or two.
A member of the
city government when we were building the Medical School came
to see me to say that his son had not been admitted to the
Medical School. And he thought this had been unfair. And he
called my attention to the fact that the city sewer came only
to the corner of the campus beyond the Medical School.
That
when the Medical School was built $75,000 would have to be
expended to extend the sewer and that if his son were not
admitted to the Medical School, he would see to that the city
didn't provide the $75,000. All I said was that I would look
into the matter.
And so I went to the Chairman of the
Committee on Admissions at the Medical School and asked him
21

�McConnell, Thomas Raymond. Oral History Interview, May 3,
1979. Interviewed by Brenda K. Shelton. [OH 20]
about this particular student. I didn't tell him what I had
heard from his father, but said I had had a protest.
And I
wanted to know whether or not the investigation of his
qualifications had been thorough and unprejudiced.
He
reported that certainly had been fair. That he simply didn't
meet the necessary requirements in certain regards.
And I
reported that back to the boy's father and said I'm sorry, but
I accept and will support the action of the Committee on
Admissions in the Medical School. Not long after that I got
a telephone call or a visit, I've forgotten which, from a
member of the Council who told me that it was absurd for the
University to have to pay for the extension of the sewer and
that he was going to talk to the Dean of the Medical School.
I said, you can't talk to the Dean of the Medical School about
this I'm sorry to say.
It's not your prerogative.
Why he
said, "What do you mean? I can talk to anybody I please, this
is a free country." I said, "You can talk to him about the
weather, but you can't talk to him about admission to the
Medical School.
I simply will not tolerate that kind of
pressure on a member of the faculty. You can beat me about it
all you want, but you can't go to the Dean." Its my business
to see that, first of all, the Deans and his committee have
been careful about evaluation of the candidate and if he has
then its my business to protect him.
If he hadn't been, I
would have asked him to review it. Well he said I'm not going
to be told whom I can talk.to so I suppose he went to the
Medical Dean. At any rate, I called the Dean quickly and said
you're going to hear about this from so and so.
I told him
what I had said and so on. This is the day by day business.
And I never told anybody around the University about it.
I
just went off to Vancouver, I remember, to make a speech and
have a little vacation that summer expecting to have to find
$75,000. And when I got back I discovered the city was going
to put in the sewer.
BKS: Other than that, which can hardly be called direct political
pressure, what sort of relationship was there with the city of
Buffalo? Did you have to have many dealings with them?
TRM: No. Very few, I should say.
. .• [Our visit just this year]
. . . an interesting episode. A professor-- which department of
the University I don't remember- wanted to study the
acculturation of the Polish community of Buffalo. And he came
to see me and said he'd appreciate it if I would arrange an
opportunity for him to meet the Mayor who is from the Polish
community and certain other members of the City fathers, and
let him present his case.
So I arranged a luncheon and he
presented his case. And what he said to them was essentially
that he thought it would be very helpful to them politically
if he made this study because they would find out a great deal
22

�McConnell, Thomas Raymond. Oral History Interview, May 3,
1979. Interviewed by Brenda K. Shelton. (OH 20]

BKS:
TRM:
BKS:

TRM:
BKS:
TRM:

BKS:
TRM:

BKS:
TRM:
BKS:
TRM:

BKS:
TRM:

about the attitude and backgrounds, the interests and
activities of the Polish community and this might be very
helpful in their election campaign ... [laughs] ... The Mayor
spoke up and said, 'sorry, we don't need any help on the
political problems of dealing with the Polish community,' ...
[laughs]
and that was the end of the luncheon.
(laughs] ... But I would say that the relationships were not
unusually difficult.
I think the sort of thing you might
expect. Any more than I would say relationships with respect
to athletics weren't anything more than one might expect if he
didn't believe in buying athletes. I spent far too much time
with athletic memorandums because the young woman wanted to
know about it.
Was there ever any pressure here talking about the Mayor
wanting his son in Medical School ...
Not .. it wasn't the Mayor. It was somebody else.
Somebody inside the administration, excuse me. Was there ever
any criticism of what students were and were not let into the
University on an ethnic basis or religious or color, or
anything of that sort when you were here?
No.
Not overtly, but during those days, the University was
often called "Jewbee", but that didn't worry me very much
either.
Well, there were very few blacks certainly at that time at the
University.
That's right. But there were lots of Polish students and lots
of Italian students if I remember correctly. At least when I
had a student reception, I had a heck of a time with the
names. As I said a while ago, no I don't remember any ...
And, of course, this was prior to the days of pressure about
getting blacks in.
Well, one of the reasons I think there was some question
about, and in certain quarters .. ! don't remember any of the
Council .. about residences on the campus was that it would open
us up to more students from New York city and so on.
Someone once mentioned to me that one of the reasons for
having dormitories was to encourage more women to go to the
University at Buffalo. Was there any truth in that?
I honestly don't remember to what extent ... (laughs] ... that
might have ...
... outside students coming here: women, families would rather
have them stay in a dormitory that have to go ... "
Well, I .. it could very well have been so, because there wasn't
any systematic organization with respect to student residences
in private homes and quarters.
The Dean of Women, for
example, didn't approve places where students might stay.
She did earlier, in the early history.
Well, she may have, but she wasn't doing it then.
And that
23

�McConnell, Thomas Raymond. Oral History Interview, May 3,
1979. Interviewed by Brenda K. Shelton. (OH 20]

BKS:
TRM:

BKS:
TRM:
BKS:
TRM:
BKS:
TRM:
BKS:
TRM:
BKS:
TRM:
BKS:
TRM:

was a little unusual in those days.
I suppose now nobody
would object; but it was different then.
And so, I think
probably I did have in mind providing adequate resources of
this sort. Incidentally, I had a student faculty committee on
the general planning of the residences.
You asked me about
student participation a while ago.
And this annoyed the
architect no end. He didn't want any students around telling
him what ought to be done. But we managed to get through that
alright too. And I think, as a matter of fact, the students
had a good deal of influence on the resource facilities that
were provided in the dormitories.
That would seem to be a place where student input would make
sense.
Well, I think so too.
Because I remembered from times past
that students were usually extremely critical of the food
services when we built the addition on North Union of a large
dining room.
I suggested to Claude ... (Puffer) ... that we
get a student committee to advise on food services.
So he
did; and he also had a faculty committee and it made it
possible for the faculty committee to eat there whenever it
wished without charge for this purpose.
Well, the students
made a long report one time and he came into to me and, in
great disgust, he said the student committee report goes on
and on about too many calories--is that the right word?--and
ended up by saying it wanted more potatoes, not--w.hat's the
right word?
Calories?--he said
[laughs]
, 'I'm
through.' ... [laughs) ... and I said, o.k. give them some
more calories for a change. But those were not very important
ways in which to involve students but at least they occurred.
Well, there was no pressure in your days for there to actually
to be part of the administration.
No.
That comes later.
That came later.
It's a very different kind of atmosphere than it was later in
the sixties. Do you have any overall view of the caliber of
the student body?
The caliber?
When you were here?
No, I don't remember enough about the .. the characteristics of
students to respond to that very well.
Most of them at that time were still coming from the Western
New York area.
Yes, and largely local area.
And of course that's something dormitories would help to
change.
I wanted very much to expand the area served by the University
and this is .. was in part, because I believed in a more
24

�McConnell, Thomas Raymond. Oral History Interview, May 3,
1979. Interviewed by Brenda K. Shelton. (OH 20)

BKS:
TRM:
BKS:

TRM:

BKS:
TRM:
BKS:
TRM:
BKS:
TRM:

cosmopolitan institution, but also in part, if you recall our
earlier conversation, to reduce the possible power of the
urban community and expand the interests which were concerned
with the University.
You were aiming in that direction, also in recruiting faculty
from outside the area.
Yes.
Making it a less parochial kind of institution.
I would
gather than you feel that one of the problems, at least in the
later years under Chancellor Capen, was that there was a small
group of faculty and maybe a few people of the community
who .. it was just sort of a comfortable place that they ran
and .. been here for a long time . . .
Well, let me read from this memorandum about what I found
here:
"I found some strong academic elements in the
University which exemplified Capen's conception of the
institution. "
I had previously quoted what his conception
was. "It possessed a limited number of distinguished faculty
members whose scholarship was widely recognized.
I also
included a group of scholars whose academic reputation was
mainly local. I sensed the existence on the campus of a kind
of
informal scholarly gentlemen's club comprising
an
intellectual aristocracy with a strong local orientation drawn
primarily from the faculty in the College of Letters and
Sciences." Is that what you meant?
And these particular faculty members had contacts in the
community as a whole?
That's right.
One of these people who was a professor of
English came to me and said now if you want to meet anybody in
the community, you just let me know. I thanked him.
Well, that sort of thing has its strengths and its weaknesses.
That's right.
I assume that many of them had been here for a long time.
That's right. Now again, you see, there were these people and
there were also the Will Pratt's.
Some very distinguished
people with reputation that goes beyond the community by far.
And who didn't belong to the gentlemen's club around here.
Let me give you another example.
There was a professor of
Economics or Business Administration whose name I have
forgotten, who essentially used his office as a place to
arrange his consulting business. And I don't reme~ber what he
wanted at one time, but the answer had to be 'no'.
And I
discussed it with Lester Anderson and he agreed it had to be
'no'.
And I said, now Lester, he is the sort of person who
will hold this against a man who conveys this decision and
since I'm the guy who takes the heat around here anyhow, you
let me tell him. He said, well it's my business to tell him.
I said, well yes, but let me take the heat.
"No," Lester
25

�McConnell, Thomas Raymond. Oral History Interview, May 3,
1979. Interviewed by Brenda K. Shelton. [OH 20]

BKS:
TRM:

BKS:

TRM:

said, "I'm going to do it." And he did it. The day after my
resignation was announced, this professor got up a petition to
get rid of Lester Anderson because this was what I had felt,
you know, would happen. The sort of thing that would happen.
It was Will Pratt who came in to see me soon after that and
said there's a petition going around to get rid of
[laughs] ..• Lester Anderson. I said, yes, so I've heard. He
said would you like me to get a counter petition going to keep
Lester Anderson?
I said, I am not sure that it' 11 be
necessary. Why don't you keep your ear to the ground and I ' 11
keep my ear to the ground and if we think it's necessary we
can do it. Well it didn't turn out to be necessary. This was
the sort of thing Will Pratt would do when he thought a matter
of real importance and responsibility was involved.
He played quite a key role in the Perry case also I always
understood.
That's right.
He was the best advisor in the whole
institution.
Now he wouldn't always do things that I would
like to do.
I became convinced, for example, early in the
game that too many departments offered Ph.D.'s, really not yet
ready to do it. And I thought one of the things that might be
done was to do some interdepartmental interdisciplinary .• to
devise some interdepartmental and interdisciplinary programs
form doctoral degrees that wouldn't put so much pressure on
any one department that would provide, for example, good
background for some kinds of teaching positions.
Well,
Professor Pratt was Graduate Dean in those days and I couldn't
sell it to him.
So I gave that up, among other things
[laughs] ... that I gave up and I respected his judgement.
There was nothing to do. Because I couldn't have fought him
anyhow. You know, he could have .. could have beat me in that
game.
You mentioned various departments. What do you think was the
greatest weakness of the University as far as certain areas
are concerned?
Departments or general areas when you were
here?
I don't think I'd better try to do that. I knew some of the
weak departments and some of the stronger departments. And,
as I told you, I though we were offering doctoral degrees, in
some cases, where we should not.
And in this memorandum I
talked about the fact that I made a, what today would seem to
be a puny little special allocation of funds to the library to
strengthen departments which gave doctorates and in which the
library resources were insufficient.
I tried to do that.
There were doctorates being offered in the School of Pharmacy
and I suspected that the School was not sufficiently staffed
for that purpose.
The doctoral program was supported by
stipends for doctoral students in the departments', in the
26

�McConnell, Thomas Raymond. Oral History Interview, May 3,
1979. Interviewed by Brenda K. Shelton. [OH 20]

BKS:
TRM:

BKS:
TRM:

BKS:

TRM:

BKS:
TRM:
BKS:
TRM:
BKS:
TRM:
BKS:
TRM:

school's budget.
I got nowhere with Dean Lemon about the
matter so once I just cut all those students' stipends out of
the budget. I thought that might do it. He simply went down
town and through his nice relationships with people came back
with enough money to restore the student stipends ... [laughs]
... So that was another one of my failures on the academic
side of the University. Amused me no end. He really beat me
at the game.
Well, it illustrates once more the ties between the graduate
student schools--Pharmacy, Medical and so on--and the
community.
That's right.
And I think I might go on to say that under
Dean Lemon, the faculty was strengthened somewhat. Maybe that
was
[laughs] . . . an indirect result of my arbitrary
administrative act.
Apparently the sciences were an area which, partially because
the United States was changing, needed strength.
Certainly
they were strengthened, at any rate, in the years after ... ?
That's right.
Chemistry was in fair condition and had a
pretty adequate library. Physics had some good young people
but not enough.
Engineering wasn't approved by the
accrediting agency. There was a good deal of ...
It's interesting that in a city which is an industrial city,
that there wasn't more emphasis from the community on
developing that side of the University. I think it shows what
you were talking about earlier. There never had been strong
ties between industry and the University.
And you see, also, the situation in Engineering, I suspect,
reflected the lack of aggressive and systematic financial
development.
They should never have gone into Engineering
without enough money to support it adequately. The building
didn't provide the adequate academic resources.
Now I
don't .. ! don't feel unusually critical about that. I suppose
you can start something and hope that it will be accredited
and there were difficulties, as I've pointed out here, with
the leadership of the Dean and that was changed under my
successor.
Incidentally changed mainly by Lester Anderson.
But nonetheless, I think the adequate foundation financially
wasn't there.
So that it was •..
And it wasn't there in other cases too.
So much of what you're saying here points to the takeover by
the State.
That's right.
What do you think of it all now?
I don't know very much about the University. Nobody every ...
It certainly looks different, doesn't it?
Nobody ever sent me the Chancellor's annual reports, for
27

�McConnell, Thomas Raymond. Oral History Interview, May 3,
1979. Interviewed by Brenda K. Shelton. (OH 20]

BKS:
TRM:

BKS:
TRM:

example. So .. I would see Lester now and then at a meeting or
Claude or somebody and hear something.
But I never really
systematically followed the University's development. I had
some connection with the appointment of Meyerson
as
Chancellor.
Because you were in California.
I was in California.
I was called-- I don't remember by ...
whether it was by Mr . Knox or. . . whether by Mr. Knox or
someone else--asking why he wasn't made Chancellor at
Berkeley.
He was Acting Chancellor.
To which my response
was, well the man who picks up the pieces usually doesn't get
the job. He had given me wonderful support. I happened to be
in the hospital for eye surgery when the committee
representing the Federal Government came by to inspect us for
possible allocation of one of the research centers in higher
education-- a large amount of financial support. So I dealt
with the committee by telephone from the hospital about Mr.
Meyerson •.. Chancellor Meyerson just went all out for us. But
I was here in town for some reason. Maybe I was talking at a
conference. Anyhow, Mr. Knox asked me to come to lunch with
another member of the committee who I guess I'd better not
name, to talk about Meyerson. And I came to the conclusion
that the other member was extremely negative about the
appointment because Meyerson was Jewish. As a matter of fact,
it never occurred to me that he was Jewish. I hadn't thought
about it. This again is something to be said in Mr. Knox's
behalf.
So I said .. nothing was said about a Jewish person,
but there was a long discussion of Meyerson's abilities and
accomplishments and so forth.
And I've·often wondered what
happened to my credibility afterwards ... [laughs] •..
Perhaps that's a good not to close on unless there is
something else that you would like to talk about.
No.
I'm going to look up a few things this afternoon ...

End Tape 2, Side 2

28

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                    <text>Index to Interview with Joseph Manch, November 27, 1978
Minutes/count~r

00/000

Family background; early childhood in Niagara Falls;
father a rabbl; moved to Buffalo 1922; early knowledge of Polish, Yiddish, Hebrew and ~hen English.

05/118

Education at School 32 and Hutchinson; decision to
become a teacher; influence of russ Craig, Louise
May Hodges, 1VIiss Halloran; began early to write
poetry.

08/165

Majored in English; his Bar IH tzvah; encouraged to
speak in the synagogue.

10/200

Undergraduate years at UB; influence of Adelle Land,
Henry tenEyck Parry; interest in athletics; Biffy
Lee asked him to play fobtball; comments about
Chancellor Capen.···

17/320

Further remarks about Adelle Land.

18/334

Graduated 1932; worked at Sattler 0 s; Militello asked
him to write a radio script for program called
"Angelo and Pasquale and their New Deal Barbershop. tl

22/390

E. Philip Israel helped him to get job at Kohut
School for Boys in Westchester County; marriage,

26J450

Returned to Buffalo; taught at Seneca Vocational
where he pursued interest in photography and did
radio work; transferred to South Park, then to Kensington; became interested in guidance; appointed.
Director of Guidance for Buffalo Schools; belief in
the value of vocational education and its importance
in teaching academic subjects.
Second side

00/000

Began program with Marine Bank where students could.
work part time.

o2;d:;;s

UB :master's degree in 1940; wrote thesis on Jonathan
Swift and women.

07/170

~ublished

10/205

Worked as camp director; continued interest ln photography; pleasure of continued contact with former
stud.ents.

ll.!-/285

Early work in guidance; coordination of various
divisions into Department of Pupil Personnel Services
with Manch as Ass:lstant Superintendent; then 7 years
as Associate Superintendent for School Community

first book of poems in 1932.

�Relations; named Superintendent in 1957 and served
until 1975.

18/350

Interest in child abuse resulted in doctoral dissertation based on 105 suspension cases; l.'1anch now a member
of committee appointed by County Executj_ve to study
this problem,

22/408

Memories of UB and of Drs. Silverman, Parry, Land and
Bonner; taught English at UB but preferred younger
students; concern over how teachers are educated,
es·oecially those going into urban schools; Dr. Fisk
asked him to speak to education faculty few of whom
had any experience with Buffalo public schools.
Tape II, side I

00/000

Controversy oVeD extension of teacher lists led to
membership in Buffalo ~ree.chers' Federalion; role in
1947 teachers' strike; asked by Pisa to act as~
moderator to avoid strike while Superintendent.

10/200

Advocated introduction of foreign languages at grade
school level; disappointed that this :program recently
discontinued for fiscal reasons; important to have
public involved in educational matters; appointed by
Carey to Task Force to investigate problems of school
financing.

15/290

Early advocate of school integration; opposed by
certa1.n school board members and politicians; magnet
school program: effects of residential patterns.

20/390

Nembership in Council of Great City Schools; role of
Dr, ltlillis; fought for equal financing for city schools;
federal aid but local control; Carey remembered
_}1anch •s testimony to Congressional committee on thls
subject,
Side

IP~

08/155

Activities since "retirement;" director of Educational
Opportunity Center; serves on many committees, local
and national; moderates monthly TVprogram; member of
Joint Council on Economic Education and rrask Force
on financing public schools.

12/~lf0

6ontlnued interest in photography; writes column
for Buffalo Ii~!:!~·

14/255

Comments about new UB campus; interest in the Buffalo
waterfront.

17/320

Applauds downtown UB theatre ,and worlc of Harold Cohen;
worked as young man at Tecl{ J.:heatre and then at

-t~

First side of the tape ends with about 8 minutes to go, and
the second side was not rewound to the start and therefore
begins at about 8 minutes.

�Erlanger; relationship between teaching and acting,

20/360

Reflections on his career; prou:1.d of hts involvement
with students; creation of Inter-High School Student
Association; "dress r:tght 11 code; importance of involving sto.dents in decision making.

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                    <text>Interviewer's Observations: Dr, Manch, Nvvember 27, 1978
Dr, Manch had on the table next to him a number of things
he had written or Which had been written about him, including
a book of his poetry and his master's thesis, and during the
interview he read from the latter. Mrs, Manch was cleaning a
closet, and at one point the sound of her dumping things into
a paper bag comes through very clearly, She walked in and out
of the room a n}.mJ.ber of times, and While I was changing the
tape expressed some of her own opini.ons. Her comments about
the threatening phone calls and other forms of abuse she and
Dr. Manch were subjected to as a result of his stand on integration and her more explicit reference to the political figures
he referred to were very interesting but he refused to discuss
the subject further on tape, She is obviously very bitter about
the way ~anch has been treated since his retirement but, again,
he would say nothing,
There were a number of interruptions on the first side
of the second tape, Dr, and Mrs. Manch talked off the record
about his relationship with Dr. Reville, and toward the end
about the la6.k of recognition for his ee.rly efforts in behalf
of integration. I lost track of how much time was left on
that side of the tape and therefore reversed it, but neglected
to set it back to the start so that the second side does not
begin for about eight minutes.

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                    <text>JOSEPH MANCH
Joseph Manch attended the University of Buffalo both
as an undergraduate and as a graduate student.

He

pursued a career in education and was Superintendent
of Buffalo Public Schools from

1957~1975.

He also

served as a member of the University of Buffalo
Council from 1959-1962.
Mr. Manch begins this rather lengthy interview with
a discussion of his childhood in Niagara Falls and
Buffalo.

He then talks about his education at the

University.of Buffalo and his early career teaching
in several Buffalo area schools.

As the interview

proceeds, Mr. Manch examines various aspects of his
own philosophy of education, including his support
of school integration.

Several·specific topics rel-

ative to his tenure as Superintendent of Schools are
discussed as well, including the deteriorating fiscal
situation of the early 1970s.

Toward the end of the

interview, Mr. Manch comments on several of his current activities and makes some retrospective comments
regarding his experiences as an educator.

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              <text>&lt;a href="http://digital.lib.buffalo.edu/files/show/23940"&gt;Overview&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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                <text>Land, Adelle H.</text>
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                <text>Superintendent of the Buffalo Public Schools, 1957-1975; member of the University of Buffalo council, 1959-1962; alumnus of the University of Buffalo. Tape of an interview with Manch conducted by Brenda K. Shelton, November 27, 1978. Concerns his childhood in Niagara Falls and Buffalo; education at UB; career teaching in Buffalo area schools; philosophy of education; school integration.</text>
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                <text>&lt;strong&gt;Overview:&lt;/strong&gt; Joseph Manch attended the University of Buffalo both as an undergraduate and as a graduate student. He pursued a career in education and was Superintendent of Buffalo Public Schools from 1957-1975. He also served as a member of the University of Buffalo Council from 1959-1962. Mr. Manch begins this rather lengthy interview with a discussion of his childhood in Niagara Falls and Buffalo. He then talks about his education at the University of Buffalo and his early career teaching in several Buffalo area schools. As the interview proceeds, Mr. Manch examines various aspects of his own philosophy of education, including his support of school integration. Several specific topics relative to his tenure as Superintendent of Schools are discussed as well, including the deteriorating fiscal situation of the early 1970s. Toward the end of the interview, Mr. Manch comments on several of his current activities and makes some retrospective comments regarding his experiences as an educator.</text>
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                <text>Professor of history at the University of Buffalo and the State University of New York at Buffalo, 1926-1973; Chairman of the department, 1948-1967; alumnus of the University of Buffalo. Concerns his family history, student years, career as historian, faculty members, chair of Department of History, vews on education, people connected with the University, particularly Julius William Pratt. </text>
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                <text>&lt;strong&gt;Interviewer's observations:&lt;/strong&gt; Dr. John T. Horton, 3-7-78 &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Dr. Horton and his wife reside in a large, rose-colored stucco house in an old Buffalo neighborhood. Their home is reflective of its surroundings as it stands with a well-preserved aura of dignity. Entering the home the interviewer was greeted by a warm handshake and a small grand piano, alone in an alcove nearby. Dr. Horton's chivalrous reception and Mrs. Horton's hospitality were received in an atmosphere of refined charm. The rectangular living room was spotlessly polished, with furnishings and Elizabethan-style paintings arranged with precision. Upstairs, the study in which the interview took place was decorated in Early American Colonial wall-paper and furnished similarly. Photographs adorned the walls, portraying families in turn-of-the-century garb; obviously ancestors of the Hortons. Dr. Horton's enthusiasm and tremendous enjoyment in participating in the interview is evidenced by the length and fine quality of the recording itself. After each side of the tape was completed, Mrs. Horton joined us as we listened to the recording. She added these comments: &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;1. In mentioning student activities of the 1920's, Dr. Horton failed to mention the glee club, of which she was a member. 2. That Dr. Horton had many job offers after completion of his Master's and Doctorate degrees. &lt;br /&gt;3. That Dr. Horton used to get standing ovations from his students during his last years of teaching; the years he described as growing "sour" towards the students. &lt;br /&gt;4. That Dr. Horton was a fine swimmer and if UB had had a pool during his undergraduate years, he would have taken advantage of it. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Dr. Horton is of medium stature and wears glasses and a big white moustache. His eyesight is poor and his hearing is somewhat weakened. Mrs. Horton is very attentive to his needs. Both Dr. and Mrs. Horton were dressed in formal attire.</text>
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                    <text>Index to an interview with Maxwell Lockie, November 14, 1978.

minutes/counter
00/000

Dr. Lockie's family and childhood; his early educationr his memories of Lafayette High School and of
Miss Cora Freeman and Captain Mellon.

05/145

Working with Harold Russlander at his Uncle Peter's
pharmacy; memories of the flu epidemic.

10/200

His decision to go to Pharmacy School; friendship with
Harry LaForge; memories of the liberal arts college,
the School of Pharmacy, and the I•ledical School, from
which he graduated in 1929; the jobs he held to pay
his expenses.

15/300

Worked with George ThDrn under Dr. Frank Hartman to
develop what later became known as cortisone; influence
of UB professors: Rufus Humphrey, Griffeth, Wayne
Atwell, Nelson Russell, Sr., Clayton Greene, Byron
Bowen, Irving Lyon.

20/370

Internship at General Hospital; influence of
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Meyers, Norman Heilbrun.

23/425

Assistant resident at Johns Hopkins along with
Dr. Ralph Hils; choice of arthritis as a specialty
that would allow him time for basic research;
started clinic at Johns Hopkins.
second side

00/000

Unaware of connection between cortisone and arthritis;
startEd private practice in 1932 with help of Dr.
Aaron; became associated with Dr. Harold Robin;
organized arthritis clinics at area hospitals.

04/090

One of first to specialize in arthritis; development
of national and international organizations; resulted
in trips abroad; patient in Acapulco, Carlos Bernard.

08/180

Association with Dr. Talbot; Asked to head UB Department of Therapeutics; interest in gout; growing
knowledge about arthritis.·

15/300

Discoveries of Drs. Philip Hench and Van Zant; advances in diagnosis and treatment of arthritis.

18/370

Connection with UB Medical School Alumni Association;
comments about Capen; friendship with Furnas and
Ralph Peo.

�22/300

Lockie's high opinion of UB Med School; start of
post graduate program; relationship of private
physicians to Med School; Dr. Russell Cecil of New
York; relationship between General Hospital doctors
and the Med School; Dr. LeWin and Dr. Edgar Beck,
second tape, first side

00/000

Distinguished UB Alumni Award; origins of special
study of arthritis; role of Dr. Philip Hench, Dr.
Cecil, Dr. Pemberton; Dr, Bauer; Hench's development
of cortisone; new treatments; arthritis in children;
Buffalo as arthritis center.

09/200

Move of the Medical School to the Main Street campus;
Lockie advocated building of university hospital;
changes in relation between ful~time IVIed School
professors and those in privat ractice; changes in
teaching method,

22/330

Furnas's views on the merger; Lockie's general
views on the state of the medical profession in
Buffalo; need for one or two outstanding professors
at the Med School; improvement of Pharmacy School;
Dr, Levy; comments on future developments,

�</text>
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                    <text>Interviewer's Observationsa IVJ:axwell Lockie, November 14, 1978
The interview took place in Dr, Lockie's small study at
the top of the apartment building where he lives, He keeps
all the records of his personal and medical career there: the
many articles he has written, the speeches he has given,
newspaper articles about him, the numerous awards he has
received, photographs, scrapbooks full of miscellaneous
mementos, etc,, and he showed most of them to me before the
interview began. I suspect that his comments in the interview
were a potpourri of speeches he has delivered in the past,
When I asked him unanticipated questions, he was thrown off
stride, and a couplm of times asked that I turn off the ~ape
while he gathered his thoughts,

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                    <text>L. MAXWELL LOCKIE
L. Maxwell Lockie studied pharmacy and medicine at the
University of Buffalo, subsequently establishing a
practice
ritis.

in the Buffalo area with a specialty in arthFrom 1939-1965 Dr. Lockie also headed the

University of Buffalo's department of therapeutics.
He remained on the faculty of the University until
1969.
In this interview Dr. Lockie talks about his education at the University of Buffalo and his lengthy
medical career.

Much of the interview focuses on the

study of arthritis and Dr. Lockie's research in that
area.

The University of Buffalo Medical School is

also discussed, particularly with regard to its relationship to the medical community in Buffalo.

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                    <text>Index to interview with Thurber LeWin, October 30, 1978
Minutes/Counter
first side, first tape
00/000

LeWin's family; father a graduate of Niagara
University medical school; his education; influence
of Fosdick and Mellon.

05/100

One year at UB as undergraduate, then UB medical
school; early years of liberal arts colleget Philip
Becker Goetz and Julian Park.

08/170

LeWin's role in 1920 fund raising drive; gets support of
presidential candidate Cox.
\

10/200

His decision to become an ophtha~ogist; influence of
Marshall Clinton and Lee Masten Francis; application
to the University of Pennsylvania for post graduate
study; interview there with Dean Meeker; latter's
high regard for UB and for Dr. Potter and Dr. Wende.

14/290

UB faculty were unpaid; Edward Maguire and Allen
Jones.

16/315

LeWin's views on Capen; reaction of medical school
to Capen's administration.

20/370

Background of UB medical students; most Buffalo
physicians UB graduates.

21/395

Comments on the decision to move the medical school
to the Main Street campus; role of Ward Plummer.

25/450

Comments about McConnell and Furnas; Capen's refusal
to take over what became Cornell Aeronautical Lab;
Furnas arranges to share its facilities with Cornell.

~~

second side
00/000

LeWin joins UB medical school faculty 1927; Dr. Eli
Long suggests that he develop a course on the relationship of diseases of the mouth and of the eye.

04/080

Developments in ophth~ology; students study with
him and Dr. Koenig; Dr. Falls one of his students;
Dr. Clara Marsh an ophthdmologist and faculty member.
~

10/190

Received Distinguished Alumni Award and Samuel P.
Capen Award; active in alumni activities; attended
football games; in favor-of football and other sports
at UB; state of athletics since merger.

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                    <text>Interviewer's Observations• Thurber LeWin, October 30, 1978.
Dr. LeWin had ovviously prepared for this interview, and
had written some notes Which he referred to. He was very
relaxed, and eager to talk about his memories of UB. The
telephone rang twice; once it was a former patient seeking
advice. When the interview was over, Dr. LeWin continued to
reminisce. He laughed a bit about the saint-like statue
accorded ~r. Capen, and made clear that he thought Capen
had made some mistakes. He also commented on two "wonderful
women," Emma Deters and Emil~ Webster, both of whom exercised
considerable power but received little recognition.
,··}

,. I

-

j)~.t!J~·

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                <text> faculty member at the University of Buffalo Medical School</text>
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                <text> University of Buffalo. School of Medicine--History</text>
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                <text>Tape of an interview with Lewin, conducted by Brenda K. Shelton, October 31, 1978. Concerns his background; his views on Capen; comments on McConnell; Years on faculty of UB; alumni activities</text>
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                <text>&lt;strong&gt;Interviewer's Observations:&lt;/strong&gt; Dr. Lewin had obviously prepared for this interview, and had written some notes which he referred to. He was very relaxed, and eager to talk about his memories of UB. The telephone rang twice; once it was a former patient seeking advice. When the interview was over, Dr. Lewin continued to reminisce. He laughed a bit about the saint-like statue accorded Dr. Capen, and made clear that he thought Capen had made some mistakes. He also commented on two "wonderful women," Emma Deters and Emily Webster, both of whom exercised considerable power but received little recognition.</text>
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                    <text>Dr. Olive Lester {Emeritus professor of Psychology),
interviewed by Jenny Peterzell (student) on April 12,1978.
SIDE 1

e:_. ~ .

012

Background:sketch: Dr. Lester was born in Lancaster, N.Y.
in 1~03 in.house across street .from where she now lives.
Graduated high school and entered U.B. in 1920. Spent
sophomore year at Cornell University.

026

Enrolled in Introducto~y Psychology course taught by Dr.
.father of Structuralism, while at Cornell. Returned
and graduated from U.B. in 1924 with B.S. degree.

036

Participation in honors system at U.B.; Dr. Phillip Becker
Goetz served as advisor to 12 honors students.
·

063

Influences in Dr. Lester's decis-ion to pursue Psychology-her .father, a lawyer with a spectrum of other interests
including social sciences; Dr. Daniel Bell Leary, chairman
of Psychology department; Dr. Boynton, Philosophy professor.

076

Dr. Tichner's Introductory Psychology class described interest in introspection, analytical.

092

Dr. Leary, behavioral approach to Psychology and Watsonian
influence at U.B.

100

Dr. Lester's interests .in Psychology include: socialization
of children, personality and attitudes.

115

Dr. Tichner described: his academic splendrous procession at
start of each class, students fear of him, Sunday night
music gatherings.with students. Dr. Tichner studied under
Wundt in Germany.

139

Dr. Leary,'s controversial beliefs and reputation; attracted
"liberal' faculty, made great contribution to Psychology
department. Dr. Bugelski, Dr. Scofield mentioned.

188

Reflec·cions on Dr. Edward Jones; founder of Bureau of Personnel
Research, developed counseling and testing services, scholar
who stimulated students to further their education, PhD~ .from
University of Chicago, studied with Jung and Angel.

207

Description of Dr. Lester's graduate work under Dr. Jone's
guidan,ce; studied performance of Polish children on intelligenc~e
tests, influence of environment on behavior.

227

Popula:r:-J.ty of Sigmund Freud at U.B. discussed.

\1 :-rc.\-\a-le~

�SIDE l (cont 1 d)
233

Reflections on most enjoyable aspects of teaching: preferred
teaching to research, contact with students and informal
discussions.

265

Acheiv,ements o£ significance in Dr. Lester's career first woman to serve as departmental chairman in College of
Arts and Sciences, first woman president o£ American Association o£ University Professors.

281

Reflections on being a woman academian: lower earnings,
slower promotions than men.

292

Dr. Lester's socialization and related activity: Dr. and
Mrs. Jones very good friends, constrictions o£ being single
in a couples-oriented society.

317

Remarks on statement made by Dr. Lester Anderson, assistant
to Dr. McConnel,about the tine quality of U.B.

338

Comments on change in teacher-student relations in the
university, dehumanization brought•·,upon by expansion.

404

Current activities o£ Dr. Lester include: member o£ Board o£
Lancaster library, Corp IV Erie County Mental Health agency
board member, prolific reading.

433

Mention o£ Dr. Leslie Fiedler's new book on freaks; a charitable treatment of persons with abnormalities.

441

Other current activit~es o£ Dr. Lester include membership in
several organizations such as the Historical Society~ Not
much involvement with university today.

455

Comments on

480

Dr. ScD£ield 1 s experience with Dr. Barnetain Far East and
India during World War II under u.s. Army O££ice o£ Strategic
Servic,es, studied psychological warfare under Mt. Batton ; , :.

Psycho~ogy

(spelling?~.

and Social Sciences dismal future.

mou.l"ltb~:ten

505

Reflections on career: inspired throughout lite by £ather
and influencial professors at U.B., University o£ Chicago
and Cornell University.

550

Dr. Lester's feelings on being a teacher and final remarks
on her career.

•

579

End o£ interview.

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                    <text>OLIVE P. LESTER
Olive Lester attended the University of Buffalo in
the early 1920's and graduated with a major in
psychology.

She returned to the University in 1925

to accept a faculty position in the department of
psychology and remained on the faculty until her
retirement in 1974.
ment from

She was chairman of the

depart~

1954~1964.

In the first part of this interview, Dr. Lester
discusses her early education and her experiences
as an undergraudate, first at Cornell University,
and then at the University of Buffalo.

She talks

at length about her growing interest in psychology
and the influence of various faculty members on the
development of her own philosophy.

She then goes

on to discuss her own career and the changes which
have occurred both in the field of psychology and
within the University.

Dr. Lester also comments on

her experiences as a woman academician.

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              <text>&lt;a href="http://digital.lib.buffalo.edu/files/show/23957"&gt;Overview&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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              <text>Lester, Olive P., 1903-</text>
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                <text>Olive P. Lester</text>
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                <text>Professor of psychology</text>
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                <text>Leary, Daniel Bell, 1886-1946</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="64577">
                <text> University of Buffalo. Department of Psychology--History</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="64578">
                <text> Women as professionals</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="64579">
                <text> Titchener, E.B.</text>
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                <text>1978-04-12</text>
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                <text>Alumna of University of Buffalo, Professor of psychology at UB; chairman of the department from 1954-1964. Tape of an interview conducted by Jenny Peterzell, April 12, 1978. Concerns her education ;her career; and the department of psychology at the University of Buffalo.</text>
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                <text>&lt;strong&gt;Overview:&lt;/strong&gt; Olive Lester attended the University of Buffalo in the early 1920's and graduated with a major in psychology. She returned to the University in 1925 to accept a faculty position in the department of psychology and remained on the faculty until her retirement in 1974. She was chairman of the department from 1954-1964. In the first part of this interview, Dr. Lester discusses her early education and her experiences as an undergraduate, first at Cornell University, and then at the University of Buffalo. She talks at length about her growing interest in psychology and the influence of various faculty members on the development of her own philosophy. She then goes on to discuss her own career and the changes which have occurred both in the field of psychology and within the University. Dr. Lester also comments on her experiences as a woman academician.</text>
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                    <text>Index: Dr. Oliver P. Jones, January 10, 1979
minutes/counter
00/000
Dr. Jones' parents; the start of his interest in science as
a child; his early experience analyzing urine for local
physicians.
06/140

Various fields of science studied at Temple University; choice
of research rather than practice of medicine; two years in
zoology at Indiana University where he worked with Kinsey;
switched to anatomy at Minnesota where he met his wife who
was in medical school there; Buffalo woman pathologist,
Margaret Warwick Schley, came from University of Minnesota.

14/280

Events leading to his move to Buffalo; Wayne J. Atwill.

20/370

Relationship between full time medical professors and voluntary
faculty.

22/400

Lack of hospital at UB Medical School; relationship of the
General Hospital and Sisters Hospital to Medical School; Jones
chairman of committee that recommended move to Main Street
campus; role of Buffalo physicians in Medical School.

28/480

Little contact between Medical School professors and other
faculty members.
SIDE II

00/000

Contacts among faculty; Jones served as liaison between Karr
Parker and Claude Puffer and architects involved in construction
of new medical buildings; conflicts among faculty.

02/065

Friendship with Capen; 12 years as chairman of Medical School
admissions committee; chairman of committee in charge of moving
the Medical School; supported Capen concerning academic freedom,
assistant dean for eight years and held various other positions.

07/155

Comments about working with Karr Parker; role in construction
of Capen and Sherman Halls.

10/215

Problems involved in procuring bodies; began system whereby
individuals donate bodies.

14/285

Further comments about Capen.

16/330

Admissions policy under Jones.

19/370

Retirement as head of Department in 1971; work o~ a study of
an 1848 medical student's diary; wrote offigia~of International
Society of Hematologists; preparing lecture based on Roswell
Park's slides and notes, which are in Jones' possession

28/500

Early interest in hematology; publications; earned MD in 1956.

�Index: Jones
minutes/counter
TAPE II
00/000

Resumed medical study after resignation as assistant dean;
Dr. Mitchell Fl:etteaft~ u b; n
I

05/092

Wife worked for Red Cross Blood Bank.

08/155

Recent developments at UB Medical School; differences in
opinion over location of Capen Hall.

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                    <text>Interviewer's Observations: Dr. Oliver P. Jones, January 10, 1979
Dr. Jones, a widower, lives alone in a house on Berkeley Place. He is
currently involved in a number of projects, some of which he alludes to
in the interview. During the interview, he kept hitting his hand on a
wooden stand next to his chair and frequently ruffled papers lying there.
At one point he walked away to get a box of slides and then placed the
box on the stool next to the microphone while he opened it. A number of
times he stood up and walked around while he was talking.
After I had put the tape recorder away, Dr. Jones talked at length about
various topics. He never liked the Buffalo orientation of the Medical
School and felt that too many of its students and faculty were from
Buffalo, had attended school and college in Buffalo and then went on to
practice in Buffalo. He worked to attract students from outside western
New York, and resisted alumni pressure to admit Buffalo students. He
strongly criticized the General Hospital which he called "parochial" and
which he claims has been detrimental to the practice and teaching of
medicine in Buffalo. He has a low opinion of physicians who served as
voluntary professors, calling them poorly educated and not qualified for
anything but clinical teaching. It seems clear that there was conflict
between him and those professors who were practising physicians.

�</text>
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                    <text>OLIVER P. JONES
Dr. Oliver P. Jones was a member of the faculty of
the Medical School at the University of Buffalo
(and the State University of New York at Buffalo)
from

1937~1976.

He served as chairman of the

department of anatomy from

1943~1971.

Dr. Jones begins this interview by talking about
his childhood and the development of his interest
in medicine.

He then discusses the medical school

at UB, emphasizing various topics, including the
relationship of the medical school to downtown
hospitals, the comparative roles of the
and

full~time

part~time

faculty members, and the 1953 move

to the Main Street campus.

Dr. Jones also talks

about his relationship with Chancellor Capen and
about his membership on various committees over the
years, including the Medical School Admissions
mittee.

Com~

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                <text>Professor in the Department of Anatomy of the Medical School of the University of Buffalo and the State University of New York at Buffalo, 1937-1976; Chairman, 1943-1971. Tape of an interview with Jones conducted by Brenda K. Shelton, January 10, 1979. Concerns his childhood, Medical School at UB, part-time and full-time faculty, his relationship with Chancellor Capen, and his membership in various committees.</text>
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                    <text>Interview with Judge l\'Iatthew Jasen, February 1, 1979
minutes/counter
00/000

Parents came from Kalisz, Poland; father a tailor;
born in Buffalo 1915; two brothers; Lived in East
Buffalo,

05/115

Early education; East High School, along with William
Ronan (?) and Jerry Solterelli; memories of Filmore
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there; ethnic composition of the area; early jobs,

10/225

Went to Canisius College for two years, then UB law
School; few Poles went to college; influence of
p'arents,

13/265

Memories of Law School; changes brought about by
Dean Francis Shea and recent Harvard graduates: Louis
Jaffe, Brown, Mark deWolfe Howe; graduated 1939; Howe
and Philip Halpern eEpecially influenced Jasen,

20/365

Little "school spirit" at Law School; relationship
between UB and Canisius; worked at Post Office nights
throughout Law School; discrimination against immitrants,

23/422

World War II; served as Civil Affairs officer, then
Military Government officer; trained at Harvard; assigned to Heidenheim; appointed by General Clay as
one of nine Military Governors of Germa~at recommendation of Col, Dawson; presided in Heidelberg for
two years,
Second side

00/000

Further comments about years as judge in Heidelberg;
responsible for all non-military cases,

03/075

Almost stayed in Switzerland after war but returned
to Buffalo in 1949; established own law firm, later
joined by Victor Manz, Rudolph Johnson, Frank Bager(?);
appointed Supxeme Court Judge by Gov. Harriman in
1957; first Democrat elected in Eighth Judicial District; first New York Saate judge of Polish descent,

08/172

Interest in Polish community and culture; frequent
lectures, etc,; UB Round Table,

11/235

Interest in UB; elected to UB Council in 1963; comments
about merger; changes in Law School, especially in
admissions and attrition; Bar examinations.

�Jasen, continued
20/380

Law School Alumni Association President; cost of
Canisius and UB tuttion in 1930s; activities at UB:
lectures, Moot Court, consultation; helped Dean
Schwartz by going to Albany,

25/440

Changes in relationship between Law School and Buffalo
lawyers; sons Peter and Mark not accepted at UB Law
School; efforts to gain admission for minority students;
increase in women at Law School,

29/500

Charges that UB radical, atheist; Jasen has changed
his views about UB,

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                    <text>MATTHEW J. JASEN
Matthew Jasen is a Buffalo lawyer and former State
Supreme Court justice.

He graduated from the

Uni~

versity of Buffalo Law School and for a brief time
in 1963 was a member of the University of Buffalo
Council.
In the first half of this interview, Mr. Jasen talks
about his childhood in Buffalo and his memories of
the UB Law School, emphasizing the composition of
the faculty at that time and the social atmosphere
of the University.

He then discusses his experiences

as a Civil Affairs Officer in Germany during World
War II, and his

post~war

experiences as a justice of

the military government in Heidelberg.
The latter part of the interview concentrates on
Jasen's activities after his return to Buffalo,

in~

eluding the establishment of his law firm, his tenure
as a State Supreme Court justice, and his continuing
interest in the University and the Law School.

At

various times throughout the interview, Jasen also
comments on his Polish background and the Polish
munity in Buffalo.

com~

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                <text>&lt;strong&gt;Overview:&lt;/strong&gt; Matthew Jasen is a Buffalo lawyer and former State Supreme Court justice. He graduated from the University of Buffalo Law School and for a brief time in 1963 was a member of the University of Buffalo Council. In the first half of this interview, Mr. Jasen talks about his childhood in Buffalo and his memories of the UB Law School, emphasizing the composition of the faculty at that time and the social atmosphere of the University. He then discusses his experiences as a Civil Affairs Officer in Germany during World War II, and his post-war experiences as a justice of the military government in Heidelberg. The latter part of the interview concentrates on Jasen's activities after his return to Buffalo, including the establishment of his law firm, his tenure as a State Supreme Court justice, and his continuing interest in the University and the Law School. At various times throughout the interview, Jasen also comments on his Polish background and the Polish community in Buffalo.</text>
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                <text>&lt;strong&gt;Interviewer's observations:&lt;/strong&gt; Edwin Jaeckle, February 13, 1979 &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;This interview with Mr. Jaeckle lasted about twice as long as the tape indicates. He frequently asked that I turn the thing off so that he could elaborate off the record. Early in the interview, he searched through his desk for the program from his High School graduation. On it the seniors are listed by academic rank, and he delighted in showing me that at the very bottom of the list was Rexford Tugwell, who graduated with him in 1911. Towards the end of the first side, he again gestured me to turn it off, so that he could discuss in greater detail his belief that not everyone should attend college. After his comment that he was made a trustee of SUNY, he had me turn the tape recorder off once more while he told me that Seymour Knox wanted to be appointed a trustee but the "people in Albany" didn't want him and insisted that Jaeckle be appointed. He went on to tell how the controversy over faculty pensions almost scuttled the merger, and how he went to Furnas and told him he had to settle the issue or else a few greedy professors were not going to stop the merger. It is very clear that In Jaeckle's opinion, he played a key role in persuading both Albany and UB that the merger was desirable.</text>
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                    <text>Interview with George Goodyear, May 9, 1979
Minutes/counter
00/000

History of Goodyear family in Buffalo goes back to
1849; parents; father became president of New York
Museum of Modern Art; childhood; educationa Yale
undergraduate, Harvard Law.

05/100

No connection with UB as young man; father awarded
Chancellor's Medal; appointed to Council; persuaded
father to give money toward Goodyear Hall.

07/150

Studied chemistry, then worked at duPont; practiced
patent law in Buffalo, then pursued various business
activities; met Clifford Furnas while at Curtiss
Wright; involved in the start of WGR TV; politics.

10/209

Appointment to Council; UB•s importance to community;
served on committee to choose new Chancellor and,
together with Jim Evans, played role in selection of
Furnas.

14/275

Council's role; decision to become a state university; Seymour Knox; new campus.

�</text>
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                    <text>Interviewer's observations, George Goodyear, May 9, 1979.
Mr. Goodyear made quite clear before the interview
began that he did not feel that he had anything of importance
to contribute. His wife was ill upstatrs, but when I suggested that I come back another time he said that he wanted
to get it ovr with. The phone on the desk we were sitting
next to ran
umber of times; once it was the doctor, and he
went upstair to talk with the doctor and his wife for some
time; another time it was a friend asking him to play tennis,
Each time Mr. Goodyear again expressed his reluctance to
continue, Finally a man started a vacuum cleaner right
behind me, and when I turned the machine back on, Mr. Goodyear
shook his head and said that he had no more to say,

�</text>
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                    <text>GEORGE F. GOODYEAR
George Goodyear was a member of the University of
Buffalo Council from

1953~1963.

His father, A.

Conger Goodyear, was an important supporter of the
University in

the eaPly f3a:;r;rt

cw+uqr and servilfi

81'1

tB:s UH

of

;the twe1~~~

~e!:l

wr ~HHi

;,

ca± s.

During this rather brief interview, Mr. Goodyear
discusses his personal background and education,
and his

long~time

of Buffalo.

involvement with the University

Specifically, he talks about his

participation in the decision to choose Clifford
Furnas to succeed T. R. McConnell as chancellor,
ahd his involvement with the University at the time
of the incorporation of UB into the state University
system.

Mr. Goodyear also spends some time

discus~

sing his father's contributions to the University.

�</text>
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                <text>&lt;strong&gt;Overview:&lt;/strong&gt; GEORGE F. GOODYEAR &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;George Goodyear was a member of the University of Buffalo Council from 1953-1963. His father, A. Conger Goodyear, was an important supporter of the University .During this rather brief interview, Mr. Goodyear discusses his personal background and education, and his longtime involvement with the University of Buffalo. Specifically, he talks about his participation in the decision to choose Clifford Furnas to succeed T. R. McConnell as chancellor, and his involvement with the University at the time of the incorporation of UB into the state University system. Mr. Goodyear also spends some time discussing his father's contributions to the University.</text>
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                    <text>Index: Interview with Dorothy Haas, May 17, 1978.
minutes/counter
00/000

Blank

00/008

Born in Buffalo, attended Lafayette High School; enrolled in the
first four year course in business administration at UB in 1928;
work experience after graduation.

02/025

Opening of Norton Hall in 1934; hired by Robert Parke on the recommendation of Dean Lillias MacDonald; Norton Hall dedication; construction on campus.

05/045

Student life as an undergraduate; no residence halls; problems establishing Norton Hall as a student center; effects of the Depression.

08/075

Student attitudes towards coursework; more serious, attendance high;
College of Business Administration; few women; decision to go into business as a career; Robert Parke, Dr. Boynton.

12/120

Effects of World War II on the student union; Experiences working in
the Office of War Training; student attitudes towards the war.

16/160

Duties in the Office of War Training; mixture of military and civilian
students; social activities.

20/195

Changes in UB students over the years; expansion into new Norton Hall
[Squire Hall]; problems in the late 1960's.

23/225

Changes in career; became acting director of Norton Union after Robert
Parke left; overcrowding due to returning G.I. 's; student union activities after the war.

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Contrast between old Norton [Harriman Library] and new Norton [Squire
Hall]; involvement in decision to build a new Norton Union.

31/315

Traditional student activities--dances, Moving Up Day; de-emphasis on
activities as time went on; changes in the dress code.

36/360

Feelings about what makes a good student union; importance of good
facilities, student involvement, focus as a learning center.

40/410

Reasons for retirement; current relationship with the University.

42/440

Outstanding moment in career was the dedication of Haas Lounge; positive feelings toward UB.

43/470

Involvement with Zontas International, a service organization for women
employed in business; short tenure as Acting Dean of Women; didn't
really like the position.

46/510

Feelings about the University now; too scattered, hard for students to
get a real feeling of college life; thinks fraternities and sororities
never should have left campus.

48/552

End of interview.

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                    <text>DOROTHY M. HAAS
Dorothy Haas graduated from the University of Buffalo
in 1928 with a major in business administration.

From

1934-1970 she worked at UB as an administrator of Norton
Hall, first as Secretary to the Director, Robert Parke
(1934-1941), then as Assistant Director (1941-1943),
Acting Director (1943-1946) and Director (1946-1970).
In 1956 she was named Coordinator of Student Activities
and from 1970 until her retirement in 1973 she was
Associate Director of Placement.

During World War II,

while Norton Hall was being used for military housing,
Miss Haas also served as Assistant Director for War
Training.
In this interview Miss Haas discusses both her experiences as a student at UB and her later involvement with
student activities as Director of Norton Union.

In

the first part of the interview she talks about the
dedication of Norton Hall and the character of student
life at UB at a time when most students lived at home
and commuted to the University.

She also discusses the

effects of World War·II on the University, including her
role in the Office of War Training and the changes
brought about shortly after the War by the influx of returning G.I.s.
Later in the interview Miss Haas talks about her involvement in planning the new Norton Union [Squire Hall] and
identifies the elements which she feels contribute to a
good student center.

She also discusses her retirement

and her feelings regarding the current status of student
activities at UB.

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                  <text>&lt;p&gt;The University Archives Oral History collection contains taped interviews with members of the University at Buffalo community, and the paper records associated with each interview. Those interviewed include administrators, alumni, faculty, staff, and UB Council members. Although covering some 25 years, the bulk of the collection consists of interviews conducted in 1978-1979. The interviews offer a wide range of topics and offers personal insight into University history by those that lived it. A majority of the interviews were conducted by part-time University Archives staff members Jenny Peterzell and Brenda Shelton. Other interviewers include then Head Archivist Shonnie Finnegan and Josephine Capuana. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The Oral History Project was organized by the University Archives and University at Buffalo Emeritus Center, and was made possible through a grant from the University at Buffalo Foundation, Inc.&lt;/p&gt;</text>
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              <text>&lt;a href="http://digital.lib.buffalo.edu/files/show/23973"&gt;Overview&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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                <text>1978-05-17</text>
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                <text>Tape of an interview with Haas, conducted by Jenny Peterzell, May 17, 1978. Concerns her involvement with the University as a student and as the director of Norton Union. She discusses the effects of WWII on UB.</text>
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                <text>&lt;strong&gt;Overview:&lt;/strong&gt; DOROTHY M. HAAS &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Dorothy Haas graduated from the University of Buffalo in 1928 with a major in business administration. From 1934-1970 she worked at UB as an administrator of Norton Hall, first as Secretary to the Director, Robert Parke (1934-1941), then as Assistant Director (1941-1943), Acting Director (1943-1946) and Director (1946-1970). In 1956 she was named Coordinator of Student Activities and from 1970 until her retirement in 1973 she was Associate Director of Placement. During World War II, while Norton Hall was being used for military housing, Miss Haas also served as Assistant Director for War Training. In this interview Miss Haas discusses both her experiences as a student at UB and her later involvement with student activities as Director of Norton Union. In the first part of the interview she talks about the dedication of Norton Hall and the character of student life at UB at a time when most students lived at home and commuted to the University. She also discusses the effects of World War II on the University, including her role in the Office of War Training and the changes brought about shortly after the War by the influx of returning G.I.s. Later in the interview Miss Haas talks about her involvement in planning the new Norton Union [Squire Hall] and identifies the elements which she feels contribute to a good student center. She also discusses her retirement and her feelings regarding the current status of student activities at UB.</text>
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                    <text>Interview with Eugenia Fronczak Bukowska, March 13, 1979
minutes/counter

00/000

Parents• background; father; influence of Father
Pitass, priest at St. Stanislaus; father went to
Canisius, as did other Poles; more about Pitass,

10/200

Father received medical and law degrees from UB,

15/315

Father became interested in preventive medicine;
took her with him on house calls; comments about
medical theory and practice around the turn of the
century,

20/370

Early interest in medicine; mother opposed to her
becoming a doctor; early education; comments about
Polish parochial schools; received degree from
D'Youville; Holy Angels 4cademy; applied to UB
Medical School and was rejected; received MA from
Canisius; went to UB Medical School, Class of 1928,

26/455

Marriage after Medical School; memories of Medical
School; women in her class and the attitude toward
them; anecdote about cadavers and male students,
second side

00/000

Further comments about women medical students; their
problem getting internships,

04/090

Went to Women's Medical College Hospital in Philadelphia, followed by appointment at Philadelphia
General Hospital; decided to take National Boards,
and took third part at Harvard, where one professor
tried to dissuade her from practice of medicine,

09/200

Comments about the standing of the UB Medical School.

13/280

Experienced little anti-woman or anti-Polish discrimination; friendship with Dr, Thelma (Tess) Brock;
anecdote about reprimand resulting from studying
with boys in women's loungeJ engagement while still
in Philadelphia,

23/350

Father's activities in connection with PolishAmerican groups and his participation at f'aris
Peace Conference; relationship with Mme. Curie,
who encouraged Bukowska to study medicine and later
invited her to enter research department at the
Sorbonne; reasons for Bukowska's refusal.

25/440

Influence of Dr, Nelson Russel; brief mention of
Dr, Hartman and Dr, Helen Walker; importance of Dr,
Potter; reasons for specializing in obstetrics and
gynecology; Dr. Potter; little clinical experience
at Medical School.

�Bukowska Interview

30/500

Changes in medicine,
second tape

00/000

Start of private practicer took over father's
office after he became Health Commissioner; more
about Dr. Potter; Bukowska criticized for taking
over her father's praetice and for being woman
doctor; Dr. Mary Kazmierczak; advantage for Polish
women to have woman doctor who spoke Polish; early
interest in psphiatry; eventually accepted only
women patients,

08/175

Husband's interest in preventive medicine, public and
industrial health; relation of women to the Erie
County Medical Secretary; woman served as secretary.

13/250

Women's Physician League of Buffalo, its origins
and development; American Medical Women's Association;
decline of the Physician's League; changes in attitude of young doctors.

27/480

Few Womon faculty members at UB Medical School; more
at Philadelphia Women's Medical College; Bukowska
not involved in UB Medical School Alumni Association.
second side

00/000

Evaluation of UB Medical School and of her own
medical career; changes in medicine and doctors,

03/075

Her children,

�</text>
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                    <text>Interviewer's Observationsr Dr. Eugenia Fronczak Bukowska,
March 13, 1979.

Dr. Bukowska•s home is located on the shore of Lake
Erie in Hamburg, When I arrived she had just returned
home from her position as medical director of a nursing
home in Buffalo. She retired from the practice of medicine
in 1975 after a serious automobile accident. A parakeet,
whose cage hangs in the next room, can frequently be heard
in the background.
Because of her accident, she has trouble with her
throat, and I had to stop the tape a few times while she
had a drink, But she would continue to talk while the
machine was turned off, and some of my later questions
were an attempt to get her to repeat what she had said.
There is the sound of a man's voice on the second side
of the second tape; I have no idea how it got there.

�</text>
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                    <text>EUGENIA FRONCZAK BUKOWSKI
Eugenia Fronczak Bukowski grew up in Buffalo and was
educated in various Buffalo schools.

In 1928, having

already received a master s degree from Canisius
1

College, she graduated from the University of Buffalo
Medical School.
In the first part of this interview, Dr. Bukowski
talks at length about her father, himself a doctor
and a graduate of the UB medical school.

She goes

on to discuss her early exposure to medicine and
subsequent medical education at UB, focusing on the
special problems experienced by women entering the
profession.

Dr. Bukowski also discusses her later

medical career, and her involvement with the Polish
community in Buffalo.

�</text>
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              <text>&lt;a href="http://digital.lib.buffalo.edu/files/show/23987"&gt;Overview&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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                <text>Eugenia Fronczak Bukowska</text>
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                <text> Women's Physicians League of Buffalo</text>
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                <text>Medical doctor in Buffalo;  graduate of the University of Buffalo Medical School. Tape of an interview with Bukowska, conducted by Brenda K. Shelton, March 13, 1979, concerning problems women encounter in the medical profession. Discusses her background and career, and her involvement with the Polish community of Buffalo.</text>
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                <text>&lt;strong&gt;Overview:&lt;/strong&gt; EUGENIA FRONCZAK BUKOWSKI [sic] &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Eugenia Fronczak Bukowski grew up in Buffalo and was educated in various Buffalo schools. In 1928, having already received a master's degree from Canisius College, she graduated from the University of Buffalo Medical School. In the first part of this interview, Dr. Bukowski talks at length about her father, himself a doctor and a graduate of the UB medical school. She goes on to discuss her early exposure to medicine and subsequent medical education at UB, focusing on the special problems experienced by women entering the profession. Dr. Bukowski also discusses her later medical career, and her involvement with the Polish community in Buffalo.</text>
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          <element elementId="47">
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                <text>&lt;a href="https://rightsstatements.org/page/CNE/1.0/"&gt;COPYRIGHT NOT EVALUATED&lt;/a&gt;. The copyright and related rights status of this Item has not been evaluated. Please refer to the organization that has made the Item available for more information. You are free to use this Item in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. This digital collection is made available for research and educational purposes. Researchers are responsible for determining copyright status, and securing permissions for use and publication of any material. Copyright for items in this collection may be held by the creators, their heirs, or assigns. Researchers are required to obtain written permission from copyright holders and the University Archives prior to reproducing or publishing materials, including images and quotations. For inquiries about reproduction requests and permissions, please contact the &lt;a href="http://library.buffalo.edu/archives/"&gt;University Archives&lt;/a&gt;. If you believe material in our digital collections infringes copyright or other rights, please review our &lt;a href="https://library.buffalo.edu/about/policies/information-use/notice-and-takedown-policy.html"&gt;Notice and Takedown Policy&lt;/a&gt; for information on how to report your concern.</text>
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                    <text>Interview with Willie r.vans, March 26, 1979
minutes/counter

00/000

Parents moved to Buffalo before they were married;
grandfather organized Lincoln Memorial Methodist
Church; one of ten children; rather a chef for the
New York Central Railroad, and later for Buffalo
restaurants.

08/175

School 17; Emerson Vocational High 5chool; athletic
scholarship to UB in 1956 after working one year as
a tailor; discouraged from attending an academic
high school or going to college; four other black
Emerson graduates who have done well; attitude of
his parents about college,

15/295

Few blacks at UB; influence of black music teacher,
Reynold Scott, while in elementary school; while at
Emerson went with Howard Lewis to Career Day; poor
counseling at high school level.

21/390

Decision to major in physical education; racism in
Buffalo public schools; was second black physical
ed.ucation teacher in Buffalo schools; Ike Reed was
the first; Dr. Manch; racism in hiring of teachers.
Attitude toward blacks at UB; Dr. Servicini(?); few
blacks in his classes.
second side

00/000

Experiences as a black at UB; Dr, Milton Plesur;
Dr. Warful (?); problems of being a black student:
Dr, Fitzable (?): social life as black student;
football star.

10/214

Own feelings about being black student; support from
black community,

14/275

Problems finding teaching position after graduation
in 1960; Mr. Lord.

19/370

Practice baching assignments; received regular
coaching position in 1963.

23/415

Chancellor ,urnas; incident involving invitation to
UB football team to play in Tangerine Bowl only if two
black players did not go; Evans one of the two.

27/470

Start of involvement with UB Alumni Association;
elected to Board of uirectors; his growing awareness
of the significance of UB for the community and
vice versa.

�Evans interview; second tape
00/000

Trophy for winning school in Buffalo athletics,

03/060

His interest in young people; the need to encourage
young athletes to attend college; former students
whose careers h~ has 1ollowed, including one black
woman tennis player; Bob Lanier.

10/210

Responsibility of position as coach and role model;
frustrations of his job; satisfactions of his job,

15/300

His over-all attitude about UB; Howard Lewis; value
of UB education; changes he would like to help bring
about at UB,

22/390

General comments about racial problems; incident
involving mass arrests of blacks in Buffalo in 1950s.

2?/440

Importance of being involved with UB alumni and of
supporting the University; would like to see a
School of Education Alumni Association,

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                    <text>Interviewer's observations: Willie Evans, March 26, 1979

This interview with Mr. Evans took place at his home
in the early evening, His four children, aged four and under,
were all up, and the oldeP three were very interested in the
proceedings, Their mother shooed them all out at the
beginning, but their voices, as well as the sound of the
baby crying, are frequently audible, At one point Mr. Evans
got up and closed the door, but the older children kept
peeking in, Mr. Evans did not seem bothered about all
this, but once the interview was over, they all rushed in
and wanted him to play with them before they went to bed,
and it was impossible for me to verify the spelling of
various names he had mentioned,

�</text>
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                    <text>WILLIE R. EVANS
Willie Evans graduated from the University of Buffalo
in 1960 with a major in physical education.

Since

that time he has been employed as a teacher and
coach in various area high schools.

Recently, he

has become active in the University of Buffalo Alumni
Association and is currently a member of its Board of
Directors.
Mr. Evans begins this interview with a brief discussion of his family background, including an account
of his father's experiences working for the New York
Central Railroad.

He goes on to discuss his decision

to attend the University of Buffalo and his undergraduate experiences there, particularly his participation in athletics.

He also examines the special

problems associated with being a Black student in
the late 1950's and the difficulties he subsequently
encountered trying to find a teaching position in
area schools.
Mr. Evans also discusses his teaching career and his
recent involvement with the UB Alumni Association.

�</text>
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              <text>&lt;a href="http://digital.lib.buffalo.edu/files/show/23990"&gt;Overview&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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                <text>President of the UB Alumni Association. Tape of an interview with Evans conducted by Brenda K. Shelton, March 26, 1979, concerning undergrad experiences at UB; difficulties for blacks at the university and in workforce during the late 1950s; teaching career; involvement in the University Alumni Association.</text>
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                <text>&lt;strong&gt;Overview:&lt;/strong&gt; WILLIE R. EVANS &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Willie Evans graduated from the University of Buffalo in 1960 with a major in physical education. Since that time he has been employed as a teacher and coach in various area high schools. Recently, he has become active in the University of Buffalo Alumni Association and is currently a member of its Board of Directors. Mr. Evans begins this interview with a brief discussion of his family background, including an account of his father's experiences working for the New York Central Railroad. He goes on to discuss his decision to attend the University of Buffalo and his undergraduate experiences there, particularly his participation in athletics. He also examines the special problems associated with being a Black student in the late 1950's and the difficulties he subsequently encountered trying to find a teaching position in area schools. Mr. Evans also discusses his teaching career and his recent involvement with the UB Alumni Association.</text>
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                <text>&lt;strong&gt;Interviewer's observations:&lt;/strong&gt; Willie Evans, March 26, 1979 This interview with Mr. Evans took place at his home in the early evening. His four children, aged four and under, were all up, and the older three were very interested in the Proceedings. Their mother shooed them all out at the beginning, but their voices, as well as the sound of the baby crying, are frequently audible. At one point Mr. Evans got up and closed the door, but the older children kept peeking in. Mr. Evans did not seem bothered about all this, but once the interview was over, they all rushed in and wanted him to play with them before they went to bed, and it was impossible for me to verify the spelling of various names he had mentioned.</text>
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                  <text>&lt;p&gt;The University Archives Oral History collection contains taped interviews with members of the University at Buffalo community, and the paper records associated with each interview. Those interviewed include administrators, alumni, faculty, staff, and UB Council members. Although covering some 25 years, the bulk of the collection consists of interviews conducted in 1978-1979. The interviews offer a wide range of topics and offers personal insight into University history by those that lived it. A majority of the interviews were conducted by part-time University Archives staff members Jenny Peterzell and Brenda Shelton. Other interviewers include then Head Archivist Shonnie Finnegan and Josephine Capuana. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The Oral History Project was organized by the University Archives and University at Buffalo Emeritus Center, and was made possible through a grant from the University at Buffalo Foundation, Inc.&lt;/p&gt;</text>
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                <text>Capen, Samuel Paul, 1878-1956</text>
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                <text> University of Buffalo. School of Dentistry--History</text>
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                <text>Dentist. Graduate of the University of Buffalo Dental School, 1925; part time instructor in the Dental School; member of the University of Buffalo Council, 1959-1963. Tape of an interview with Alinger conducted by Brenda K. shelton, January 9, 1979, concerning the University of Buffalo, including comments on athletics, the Dental School and UB Chancellor Samuel P. Capen. James Ailinger is a Buffalo dentist who graduated  from the University of Buffalo Dental School in  1925 and was later affiliated with the school for  many years as a part-time faculty member. In this  interview, Dr. Ailinger discusses his experiences  as a student at UB, including his involvement in  athletics. He also talks about the changes in the  character of the UB Dental School over time and  the importance he feels the school has had in the  development of the profession within Western New  York. The attitude of the UB administration toward  athletics, both during Dr. Ailinger's days as a  student and more recently, is also discussed at  length. </text>
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                <text>&lt;strong&gt;Interviewer's Observations:&lt;/strong&gt; Dr. Allinger's dental office is full of momentos [sic] of his long association with the University of Buffalo and especially with its athletic program and the Dental School. Various athletic awards, the Samuel P. Capen Award, pictures of the UB Council and a Bison Head citation hang on the walls, and in a back room there are piles of old copies of the Iris, pictures, athletic programs, etc. As he showed them to me before the interview, he related various stories and memories. When the second tape ended, a patient walked on, and Dr. Allinger did not complete the story he was telling. I do not feel, however, that he had left out anything of importance.</text>
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                <text>&lt;a href="https://rightsstatements.org/page/CNE/1.0/"&gt;COPYRIGHT NOT EVALUATED&lt;/a&gt;. The copyright and related rights status of this Item has not been evaluated. Please refer to the organization that has made the Item available for more information. You are free to use this Item in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. This digital collection is made available for research and educational purposes. Researchers are responsible for determining copyright status, and securing permissions for use and publication of any material. Copyright for items in this collection may be held by the creators, their heirs, or assigns. Researchers are required to obtain written permission from copyright holders and the University Archives prior to reproducing or publishing materials, including images and quotations. For inquiries about reproduction requests and permissions, please contact the &lt;a href="http://library.buffalo.edu/archives/"&gt;University Archives&lt;/a&gt;. If you believe material in our digital collections infringes copyright or other rights, please review our &lt;a href="https://library.buffalo.edu/about/policies/information-use/notice-and-takedown-policy.html"&gt;Notice and Takedown Policy&lt;/a&gt; for information on how to report your concern.</text>
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            <description>Actual filename of the video on the video source server</description>
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                    <text>Close-up of a sea cucumber’s mouth area with frilled tentacles.</text>
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                    <text>Dissected sea cucumber specimen pinned open to reveal internal structures.</text>
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&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;crown of tentacles&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;podia of ventral ambulacra (tube feet)&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;Image 2: Anterior (close up) &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;crown of tentacles&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;tube feet ventral podia (tube feet)&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;Image 3: Internal Features &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;tentacles&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;wall of pharynx&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;esophagus&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;respiratory tree&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;stomach&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;intestine&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;retractor muscles&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;gonad&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;longitude muscle band&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;radiating cloacal muscles&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;cloaca (cut)&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
Image 4: Internal Features (Anterior Close Up)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;wall of pharynx&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;retractor muscles&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;intestine&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;tentacles&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;esophagus&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;longitudinal muscle bands&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
Image 5: Gonads Removed&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;tentacle&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;wall of pharynx&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;retractor muscle&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;radiating cloaca muscles&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;esophagus&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;stomach&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;intestine&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;cloaca&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;anus&lt;/li&gt;
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                    <text>Close-up of sand dollar surface showing spines and five-part symmetry.</text>
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                  <text>&lt;p&gt;The BIO200 digital dissection project serves the illustrative and narrative needs of the students in the University at Buffalo Evolutionary Biology course. The materials were created to supplement the peer-learning system in place, and to offer opportunities for unlimited interactive engagement with the laboratory content. The Project team planned and produced a digital image "narrative" for each of the sixteen animals illustrated in this digital collection. The collection includes multiple, fully labeled external and internal views and details of each animal. &lt;/p&gt;
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&lt;p&gt;&lt;span&gt;This Item is protected by copyright and/or related rights. You are free to use this Item in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. In addition, no permission is required from the rights-holder(s) for educational uses. For other uses, you need to obtain permission from the rights-holder(s). &lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC-EDU/1.0/"&gt;&lt;span&gt;http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC-EDU/1.0/&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</text>
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&#13;
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&#13;
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Image 4: Internal Features - Intestines Removed (Female)&#13;
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                <text>Nine photographs of a grasshopper and grasshopper parts in various stages of dissection, with labels for various body parts. One photo shows the specimen being held open with T-pins.&#13;
&#13;
Image 1: Grasshopper - External Features&#13;
- compound eye&#13;
- antenna&#13;
- prothorax&#13;
- mesothorax&#13;
- metathorax&#13;
- fore wing&#13;
- hind wing&#13;
- ovipositor&#13;
- tibia&#13;
- pulvillus&#13;
- claw&#13;
- tarsus&#13;
- femur&#13;
- tympanum&#13;
- trochanter&#13;
- coxa&#13;
- palp&#13;
- labrum&#13;
- head&#13;
- thorax&#13;
- abdomen&#13;
&#13;
Image 2: Grasshopper - External Features (Female and Male) [two specimens in the photograph]&#13;
Top specimen:&#13;
- palp&#13;
- labrum&#13;
- clypeus&#13;
- frons&#13;
- gena&#13;
- fore wing&#13;
- ovipositor&#13;
Bottom specimen:&#13;
- antenna&#13;
- compound eye&#13;
- prothorax&#13;
- femur&#13;
- tibia&#13;
- tarsus&#13;
- trochanter&#13;
- claw&#13;
- head&#13;
- thorax&#13;
- abdomen&#13;
&#13;
Image 3: Grasshopper - Female Abdomen&#13;
- epiproct&#13;
- cercus&#13;
- ovipositor&#13;
&#13;
Image 4 - Grasshopper - Abdomen (Male)&#13;
- cercus&#13;
- subgenital plate&#13;
- spiracles&#13;
&#13;
Image 5: Grasshopper - Front View of Head&#13;
- vertex&#13;
- ocelli&#13;
- gena&#13;
- antenna&#13;
- mandible&#13;
- maxilla&#13;
- labial palps&#13;
- labium&#13;
- maxillary palps&#13;
- labrum&#13;
- clypeus&#13;
- frons&#13;
- compound eye&#13;
&#13;
Image 6: Grasshopper - Mouthparts&#13;
- clypens&#13;
- labrum&#13;
- mandible&#13;
- maxilla&#13;
- mentum&#13;
- ligula&#13;
- labium&#13;
- palps&#13;
- galea&#13;
- lacina&#13;
- stipes&#13;
- hypopharynx&#13;
&#13;
Image 7: Grasshopper - Tympanum (Close Up)&#13;
&#13;
Image 8: Grasshopper - Internal Features [specimen is held open with T-pins]&#13;
- crop&#13;
- gastric ceca&#13;
- eggs&#13;
- malpighian tubules&#13;
- large intestine&#13;
- muscle&#13;
- small intestine&#13;
- stomach&#13;
&#13;
Image 9: Grasshopper - Internal Features (Close Up)&#13;
- gastric ceca&#13;
- malpighian tubules</text>
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                <text>State University of New York at Buffalo. Department of Biological Sciences</text>
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                <text>Evolutionary Biology Digital Dissection Collections. BIO-001</text>
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&#13;
Image 1: Crayfish - Dorsal View&#13;
- antenna&#13;
- antennule&#13;
- rostrum&#13;
- eye&#13;
- cervical groove&#13;
- carapace&#13;
- uropod&#13;
- telson&#13;
- abdomen&#13;
- legs 2-5&#13;
- chelipod&#13;
&#13;
Image 2: Crayfish - Ventral View (Male)&#13;
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- antennule&#13;
- eye&#13;
- 3rd maxilliped&#13;
- mandible&#13;
- wlaking legs 2-5&#13;
- sternum&#13;
- anus&#13;
- telson&#13;
- uropod&#13;
- swimmerets 1-5&#13;
- opening of green gland&#13;
- cheliped ('leg' 1)&#13;
&#13;
Image 3: Side View&#13;
- antenna&#13;
- antennle&#13;
- rostrum&#13;
- cephalothorax&#13;
- abdominal somites 2-6&#13;
- telson&#13;
- uropod&#13;
- swimmerets&#13;
- walking legs&#13;
- cervical groove&#13;
- eye&#13;
- cheliped&#13;
&#13;
Image 4: Crayfish - Cheliped (1st 'eg', Claw = Chela)&#13;
- dactylopodite&#13;
- propodite&#13;
- carpopodite&#13;
&#13;
Image 5: Crayfish - Mouth Appendages&#13;
- opening of green gland &#13;
- eye&#13;
- 3rd maxilliped&#13;
- 1st maxilliped&#13;
- 2nd maxilliped&#13;
- mandible&#13;
- antenna&#13;
&#13;
Image 6: Crayfish - 2nd Walking Leg (Close Up)&#13;
&#13;
Image 7: Crayfish - Ventral Abdomen (Female)&#13;
- uropod&#13;
- telson&#13;
- anus&#13;
- swimmerets&#13;
&#13;
Image 8: Crayfish - Internal Features&#13;
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- digestive gland (liver)&#13;
- midgut&#13;
- flexor muscles&#13;
- ventral nerve cord&#13;
- green gland&#13;
&#13;
Image 9: Crayfish - Internal Features (Dorsal View)&#13;
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- mandibular muscle&#13;
- digestive gland&#13;
- gills&#13;
- pyloric muscle&#13;
- green gland&#13;
&#13;
Image 10: Crayfish - Mouth Appendages&#13;
- left side 1st and 2nd maxilla&#13;
- mandible&#13;
- 1st-3rd maxilliped</text>
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&#13;
Image 1: Earthworm - External Features&#13;
- clitellum&#13;
- mouth&#13;
- anus&#13;
&#13;
Image 2: Earthworm - Ventral Anterior View&#13;
- male genital pore&#13;
- sperm groove&#13;
- clitellum&#13;
&#13;
Image 3: Earthworm - Anterior (Close Up) &#13;
- setae&#13;
&#13;
Image 4: Earthworm - Internal Features [pins are used to hold the specimen open]&#13;
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- 'heart'&#13;
- crop&#13;
- gizzard&#13;
- intestine&#13;
- septum&#13;
- dorsal blood vessel&#13;
- seminal vesicles&#13;
- anterior spermatheca&#13;
&#13;
Image 5: Earthworm - Internal Features (Seminal Vesicles Removed) [pins are used to hold the specimen open]&#13;
- pharynx&#13;
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- umbo&#13;
- exhalant (=excurrent) siphon&#13;
- inhalant (=incurrent) siphon&#13;
- growth ring&#13;
&#13;
Image 2: Clam - External Features&#13;
- growth ring&#13;
- umbo&#13;
- ligament&#13;
&#13;
Image 3: Clam - Inner Surface of the Left Valve&#13;
Posterior &#13;
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- pallial sinus&#13;
Anterior&#13;
- umbo&#13;
- cardinal teeth&#13;
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- pallial line&#13;
- serrations&#13;
&#13;
Image 4: Clam - Foot (Close Up)&#13;
- gill&#13;
- foot&#13;
&#13;
Image 5: Clam - Left Valve Removed&#13;
Anterior&#13;
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- umbo&#13;
- gill&#13;
- foot&#13;
Posterior&#13;
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- inhalant siphon&#13;
&#13;
Image 6: Clam - Siphons (Close Up)&#13;
- posterior adductor&#13;
- inhalant siphon&#13;
- exhalant siphon&#13;
&#13;
Image 7: Clam - Internal Features&#13;
Anterior&#13;
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- digestive gland ('liver')&#13;
- gill&#13;
- foot (cut)&#13;
- anterior adductor&#13;
- cardinal teeth&#13;
Posterior&#13;
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- posterior adductor&#13;
- exhalant siphon&#13;
- inhalant siphon&#13;
&#13;
Image 8: Clam - Internal FEatures (Close Up)&#13;
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- gonad&#13;
- gill&#13;
&#13;
Image 9: Clam - Internal FEatures&#13;
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- cardinal teeth&#13;
- umbo&#13;
- gonad&#13;
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&#13;
Image 2: Chiton - Internal Features (Lateral View/Mid-line Cut)&#13;
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Right object:&#13;
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&#13;
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                  <text>&lt;p&gt;The BIO200 digital dissection project serves the illustrative and narrative needs of the students in the University at Buffalo Evolutionary Biology course. The materials were created to supplement the peer-learning system in place, and to offer opportunities for unlimited interactive engagement with the laboratory content. The Project team planned and produced a digital image "narrative" for each of the sixteen animals illustrated in this digital collection. The collection includes multiple, fully labeled external and internal views and details of each animal. &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The BIO200 course site was developed collaboratively by Clyde F. Herreid, SUNY Distinguished Teaching Professor at the University at Buffalo, University librarians, graduate student assistants and IT staff.&lt;/p&gt;</text>
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                  <text>Herreid, Clyde F.</text>
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                  <text>University at Buffalo. University Libraries.</text>
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                  <text>&lt;p&gt;&lt;span&gt;IN COPYRIGHT - EDUCATIONAL USE PERMITTED&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
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                <text> Sea urchins</text>
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                <text> Arbacia punctulata</text>
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                <text>Five photos of a sea urchin in various stages of dissection.</text>
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                <text>The description and alternative text may have been partially generated using an AI tool and may contain errors or omissions. </text>
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                <text>State University of New York at Buffalo. Department of Biological Sciences</text>
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                <text>State University of New York at Buffalo. University Libraries</text>
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                <text>Evolutionary Biology Digital Dissection Collections. BIO-001</text>
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                  <text>Henryk Archacki, 1907-1988, a Polish immigrant, journalist and well-known graphic artist, drew weekly cartoons for Polish-language newspapers for over 20 years. With his wife, he researched current events, sports, literature, and historical curiosities, and presented them in these factoid cartoons, with a strong flavor of pride in being Polish. This syndicated series was entitled “Czy wiecie, że…” (“Do you know that…”).&#13;
&#13;
In the mid-20th century, Polish Americans were simultaneously assimilating and realizing a new pride in their heritage, as Poland arose after World War I from over a century of partition. An unknown Buffalo subscriber clipped the cartoons in this collection from Buffalo’s Dziennik dla Wszystkich (Everybody’s Daily) from 1931 to 1952 and saved them in scrapbooks; the scrapbooks were recently acquired by Steven Piwowar and donated to UB’s Polish Collection. Mixing serious and light content, Archacki both enlightened and entertained his beloved Polonia.&#13;
&#13;
The first 200 cartoons of the total 1007 are presented here. All of the cartoons have been digitized, and we hope to obtain enough funds to complete the online collection soon. Visit Giving to UB for information on how to donate to the Polish Room Collection fund.&#13;
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                  <text>Archacki, Henry, 1907-1998</text>
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                  <text>Dziennik dia Wszystkich = Everybody's Daily</text>
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                  <text>State University of New York at Buffalo. University Libraries. Polish Room</text>
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                  <text>LIB-ASL003</text>
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                <text>Gold mine and monument</text>
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                <text>Archacki, Henry, 1907-1998</text>
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                <text>Piłsudska, Aleksandra, 1882-</text>
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                <text> Międzyrzecz (Poland)</text>
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            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="1866311">
                <text>Dziennik dia Wszystkich = Everybody's Daily</text>
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                <text>State University of New York at Buffalo. University Libraries. Polish Room. </text>
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            </elementTextContainer>
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          <element elementId="45">
            <name>Publisher</name>
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            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="1866713">
                <text>State University of New York at Buffalo. University Libraries</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
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                <text>Archacki Cartoons. LIB-ASL003</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="1867718">
                <text>pol</text>
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          <element elementId="47">
            <name>Rights</name>
            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="1906177">
                <text>&lt;a href=""&gt;IN COPYRIGHT&lt;/a&gt;. This Item is protected by copyright and/or related rights. You are free to use this Item in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. For other uses you need to obtain permission from the rights-holder(s).</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
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          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                <text>Działalność pani Oli [Nie podpisuje deklaracji wyrzeczenia się polskości. Illustrations by Henry Archacki.</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="1916454">
                <text> Tworzy oddziały kurjerek. Illustrations by Henry Archacki.</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="1916455">
                <text> Uwięziona w Pawiaku. Illustrations by Henry Archacki.</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="1916456">
                <text> Opiekuje się dziatwą. Illustrations by Henry Archacki.</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="1916457">
                <text> Przechodzi smutne chwile przy zgonie Marszałka]. Illustrations by Henry Archacki.</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="1916458">
                <text> Polak odkrył jedną z najbogatszych kopalń złota w świecie. Illustrations by Henry Archacki.</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="1916460">
                <text>Mrs. Ola's activity [Doesn't sign the declaration of the renunciation of the Polish citizenship. Illustrations by Henry Archacki.</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="1916461">
                <text> Creates the divisions of female couriers. Illustrations by Henry Archacki.</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="1916462">
                <text> Imprisoned in the Pawiak. Illustrations by Henry Archacki.</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="1916463">
                <text> Takes care of the children. Illustrations by Henry Archacki.</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="1916464">
                <text> Goes through sad moments at the Marshal's funeral]. Illustrations by Henry Archacki.</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="1916465">
                <text> A Pole discovered one of the richest gold mines in the world. Illustrations by Henry Archacki.</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="1916469">
                <text>This is a scanned page from a Polish newspaper dated Saturday, June 29, 1930. The title at the top reads  with the subtitle "Kronika Henryk Archacki." The page contains several black-and-white illustrations accompanied by short captions. At the top are drawings of people engaged in different activities, including a person addressing a group and another standing with an outstretched arm. The center features a large portrait drawing framed by other smaller illustrations. Toward the bottom are images of a tropical scene with palm trees, a depiction of a lighthouse-like structure, and a group gathered in a room. The page is filled with Polish text describing these illustrations. Illustrations by Henry Archacki.</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="1918371">
                <text> Dziwny pomnik z Międzyrzeczu. Illustrations by Henry Archacki.</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="1918372">
                <text> A strange monument in Międzyrzecze. Illustrations by Henry Archacki.</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="1918900">
                <text>Obce rzeczy dobrze wiedzieć jest,-swoje, obowiązek! Illustrations by Henry Archacki.</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="1918901">
                <text>It's good to know foreign facts,-own, a duty! Illustrations by Henry Archacki.</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="1982206">
                <text>The description and alternative text may have been partially generated using an AI tool and may contain errors or omissions. </text>
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                    <text>Polish newspaper illustration from 1936 showing Chopin’s funeral march, a map of East Asia, a Polish school in America from 1835, and a ship to Shanghai</text>
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                  <text>Henryk Archacki, 1907-1988, a Polish immigrant, journalist and well-known graphic artist, drew weekly cartoons for Polish-language newspapers for over 20 years. With his wife, he researched current events, sports, literature, and historical curiosities, and presented them in these factoid cartoons, with a strong flavor of pride in being Polish. This syndicated series was entitled “Czy wiecie, że…” (“Do you know that…”).&#13;
&#13;
In the mid-20th century, Polish Americans were simultaneously assimilating and realizing a new pride in their heritage, as Poland arose after World War I from over a century of partition. An unknown Buffalo subscriber clipped the cartoons in this collection from Buffalo’s Dziennik dla Wszystkich (Everybody’s Daily) from 1931 to 1952 and saved them in scrapbooks; the scrapbooks were recently acquired by Steven Piwowar and donated to UB’s Polish Collection. Mixing serious and light content, Archacki both enlightened and entertained his beloved Polonia.&#13;
&#13;
The first 200 cartoons of the total 1007 are presented here. All of the cartoons have been digitized, and we hope to obtain enough funds to complete the online collection soon. Visit Giving to UB for information on how to donate to the Polish Room Collection fund.&#13;
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                  <text>Archacki, Henry, 1907-1998</text>
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                  <text>Dziennik dia Wszystkich = Everybody's Daily</text>
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            <name>Creator</name>
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                <text>Archacki, Henry, 1907-1998</text>
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          </element>
          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
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              <elementText elementTextId="61263">
                <text>1933</text>
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            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="61270">
                <text>Chopin, Frédéric, 1810-1849</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="61271">
                <text> Poland</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="61272">
                <text> Black Sea</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="61273">
                <text> Istanbul (Turkey)</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="61274">
                <text> Baghdad (Iraq)</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="61275">
                <text> Asia</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="61276">
                <text> Red Sea</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="61277">
                <text> Karachi (Pakistan)</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="61278">
                <text> India</text>
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            <elementTextContainer>
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                <text>Dziennik dia Wszystkich = Everybody's Daily</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="1866314">
                <text>State University of New York at Buffalo. University Libraries. Polish Room. </text>
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            <name>Publisher</name>
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              <elementText elementTextId="1866714">
                <text>State University of New York at Buffalo. University Libraries</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="1867317">
                <text>Archacki Cartoons. LIB-ASL003</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="1867518">
                <text>Archacki cartoon collection scrapbooks. MS-0180</text>
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          </element>
          <element elementId="44">
            <name>Language</name>
            <description>A language of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="1867719">
                <text>pol</text>
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            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="47">
            <name>Rights</name>
            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="1906178">
                <text>&lt;a href=""&gt;IN COPYRIGHT&lt;/a&gt;. This Item is protected by copyright and/or related rights. You are free to use this Item in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. For other uses you need to obtain permission from the rights-holder(s).</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="1916470">
                <text>Jak powstał marsz żałobny Chopina. Illustrations by Henry Archacki.</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="1916471">
                <text> Kajakiem z Polski do Szanghaju [Polska, Morze Czarne, Konstantynopol, Bagdad, Azyja, Morze Czerwone, Karachi (początek Indji)]. Illustrations by Henry Archacki.</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="1916473">
                <text>How Chopin's Funeral March came into being. Illustrations by Henry Archacki.</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="1916474">
                <text> In a kayak from Poland to Shanghai [Poland, Black Sea, Constantinople, Bagdad, Asia, Red Sea, Karachi (beginning of India)]. Illustrations by Henry Archacki.</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="1918373">
                <text> 100-lecie pierwszej polskiej szkoły i książki w Ameryce. Illustrations by Henry Archacki.</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="1918374">
                <text> 100th anniversary of the first Polish school and book in America. Illustrations by Henry Archacki.</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="1918375">
                <text>A Polish newspaper page from March 1936 containing a collection of illustrated panels. The top left illustration shows people in a room around a piano, labeled as related to Chopin’s funeral march. To the right, there is a map of East Asia showing locations such as Japan, Shanghai, and surrounding regions. The bottom left panel depicts a classroom scene with a teacher and students, marked with the year 1835, referencing the anniversary of the first Polish school and bookstore in America. The bottom right illustration shows a ship with a banner about travel from Poland to Shanghai. Illustrations by Henry Archacki.</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="1982207">
                <text>The description and alternative text may have been partially generated using an AI tool and may contain errors or omissions. </text>
              </elementText>
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  <item itemId="4194" public="1" featured="0">
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                <name>Description</name>
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                    <text>Polish illustrated publication page from 1935 showing Wawel Cathedral, a mountain landscape, and two portraits with captions</text>
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            <element elementId="50">
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                <elementText elementTextId="13556">
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                  <text>Henryk Archacki, 1907-1988, a Polish immigrant, journalist and well-known graphic artist, drew weekly cartoons for Polish-language newspapers for over 20 years. With his wife, he researched current events, sports, literature, and historical curiosities, and presented them in these factoid cartoons, with a strong flavor of pride in being Polish. This syndicated series was entitled “Czy wiecie, że…” (“Do you know that…”).&#13;
&#13;
In the mid-20th century, Polish Americans were simultaneously assimilating and realizing a new pride in their heritage, as Poland arose after World War I from over a century of partition. An unknown Buffalo subscriber clipped the cartoons in this collection from Buffalo’s Dziennik dla Wszystkich (Everybody’s Daily) from 1931 to 1952 and saved them in scrapbooks; the scrapbooks were recently acquired by Steven Piwowar and donated to UB’s Polish Collection. Mixing serious and light content, Archacki both enlightened and entertained his beloved Polonia.&#13;
&#13;
The first 200 cartoons of the total 1007 are presented here. All of the cartoons have been digitized, and we hope to obtain enough funds to complete the online collection soon. Visit Giving to UB for information on how to donate to the Polish Room Collection fund.&#13;
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              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="13559">
                  <text>Dziennik dia Wszystkich = Everybody's Daily</text>
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                <elementText elementTextId="13560">
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            <elementTextContainer>
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                <text>Wawel and its secrets</text>
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          <element elementId="43">
            <name>Identifier</name>
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                <text>bk03_pg0200</text>
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          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="61236">
                <text>Archacki, Henry, 1907-1998</text>
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          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
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              <elementText elementTextId="61237">
                <text>1934</text>
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                <text>Wawel (Kraków, Poland)</text>
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                <text>Dziennik dia Wszystkich = Everybody's Daily</text>
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                <text>Wawel-tajemnicą Polski. Illustrations by Henry Archacki.</text>
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                <text> List Kolumbusa w bibljotece polskiej. Illustrations by Henry Archacki.</text>
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                <text> Jak powstała nazwa "Zakopane". Illustrations by Henry Archacki.</text>
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                <text>Wawel-Poland's secret. Illustrations by Henry Archacki.</text>
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                <text> The letter of Columbus in the Polish library. Illustrations by Henry Archacki.</text>
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                <text> Jadwiga Jędrzejowska, mistrzyni Polski w tenisie. Illustrations by Henry Archacki.</text>
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                <text> Jadwiga Jędrzejowska, Poland's champion in tennis. Illustrations by Henry Archacki.</text>
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                <text>Obce rzeczy dobrze wiedzieć jest,-swoje, obowiązek! Illustrations by Henry Archacki.</text>
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                <text>It's good to know foreign facts,-own, a duty! Illustrations by Henry Archacki.</text>
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&#13;
In the mid-20th century, Polish Americans were simultaneously assimilating and realizing a new pride in their heritage, as Poland arose after World War I from over a century of partition. An unknown Buffalo subscriber clipped the cartoons in this collection from Buffalo’s Dziennik dla Wszystkich (Everybody’s Daily) from 1931 to 1952 and saved them in scrapbooks; the scrapbooks were recently acquired by Steven Piwowar and donated to UB’s Polish Collection. Mixing serious and light content, Archacki both enlightened and entertained his beloved Polonia.&#13;
&#13;
The first 200 cartoons of the total 1007 are presented here. All of the cartoons have been digitized, and we hope to obtain enough funds to complete the online collection soon. Visit Giving to UB for information on how to donate to the Polish Room Collection fund.&#13;
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                <text> Tarnowski, Jan, 1488-1561</text>
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                <text> Gdańsk (Poland)</text>
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                <text> Piłsudski, Józef, 1867-1935</text>
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                <text> Hitler, Adolf, 1889-1945</text>
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                <text> Hindenburg, Paul von, 1847-1934</text>
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                <text>Dziennik dia Wszystkich = Everybody's Daily</text>
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            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="1906180">
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                <text>Polak, który pierwszy przepłynął Kanał Panamski. Illustrations by Henry Archacki.</text>
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                <text> Sławni w narodzie polskim: Jan Tarnowski ur. r. 1488, um. r. 1561. Illustrations by Henry Archacki.</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="1916490">
                <text> Ulica która nosi nazwę trzech wodzów [Aleja J. Piłsudskiego. Illustrations by Henry Archacki.</text>
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                <text> Adolf Hitler Strasse. Illustrations by Henry Archacki.</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="1916492">
                <text> Hindenburg Allee]. Illustrations by Henry Archacki.</text>
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                <text>A Pole who first swam across the Panama Canal. Illustrations by Henry Archacki.</text>
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                <text> Famous in the Polish nation: Jan Tarnowski born 1488, died 1561. Illustrations by Henry Archacki.</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="1916496">
                <text> A street that bears names of three chiefs [J. Piłsudski Avenue. Illustrations by Henry Archacki.</text>
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                <text> Adolf Hitler Strasse. Illustrations by Henry Archacki.</text>
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                <text> Hindenburg Allee]. Illustrations by Henry Archacki.</text>
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                <text> Jozef Hebda polską sensacją w tenisa. Illustrations by Henry Archacki.</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="1918380">
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                <text>Obce rzeczy dobrze wiedzieć jest,-swoje, obowiązek! Illustrations by Henry Archacki.</text>
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                <text>It's good to know foreign facts,-own, a duty! Illustrations by Henry Archacki.</text>
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&#13;
In the mid-20th century, Polish Americans were simultaneously assimilating and realizing a new pride in their heritage, as Poland arose after World War I from over a century of partition. An unknown Buffalo subscriber clipped the cartoons in this collection from Buffalo’s Dziennik dla Wszystkich (Everybody’s Daily) from 1931 to 1952 and saved them in scrapbooks; the scrapbooks were recently acquired by Steven Piwowar and donated to UB’s Polish Collection. Mixing serious and light content, Archacki both enlightened and entertained his beloved Polonia.&#13;
&#13;
The first 200 cartoons of the total 1007 are presented here. All of the cartoons have been digitized, and we hope to obtain enough funds to complete the online collection soon. Visit Giving to UB for information on how to donate to the Polish Room Collection fund.&#13;
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                <text>Florian Gate (Kraków, Poland)</text>
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                <text>Dziennik dia Wszystkich = Everybody's Daily</text>
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                <text>Niezwykłe ocalenie Bramy Florjańskiej. Illustrations by Henry Archacki.</text>
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                <text> "Maczuga Herkulesa". Illustrations by Henry Archacki.</text>
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                <text> Uprzywilejowana karczma. Illustrations by Henry Archacki.</text>
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                <text>An unusual rescue of the Florjańska Gate. Illustrations by Henry Archacki.</text>
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                <text> "Hercules' club". Illustrations by Henry Archacki.</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="1916509">
                <text> A privileged inn. Illustrations by Henry Archacki.</text>
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                <text> Gdy król pisał list. Illustrations by Henry Archacki.</text>
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                <text> When a king wrote a letter. Illustrations by Henry Archacki.</text>
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                <text>A vintage Polish newspaper page titled "Czy Wiecie, Ze–" features several black-and-white illustrations accompanied by captions. At the top left is a drawing of a medieval-style tower with arched openings at its base. To the right is an illustration of a tall rock formation surrounded by trees. Below, smaller drawings include a tavern scene with people at a table, a rustic interior with a fireplace, and a figure seated at a desk writing. Text in Polish appears beneath and around the illustrations. Illustrations by Henry Archacki.</text>
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                <text>It's good to know foreign facts,-own, a duty! Illustrations by Henry Archacki.</text>
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&#13;
In the mid-20th century, Polish Americans were simultaneously assimilating and realizing a new pride in their heritage, as Poland arose after World War I from over a century of partition. An unknown Buffalo subscriber clipped the cartoons in this collection from Buffalo’s Dziennik dla Wszystkich (Everybody’s Daily) from 1931 to 1952 and saved them in scrapbooks; the scrapbooks were recently acquired by Steven Piwowar and donated to UB’s Polish Collection. Mixing serious and light content, Archacki both enlightened and entertained his beloved Polonia.&#13;
&#13;
The first 200 cartoons of the total 1007 are presented here. All of the cartoons have been digitized, and we hope to obtain enough funds to complete the online collection soon. Visit Giving to UB for information on how to donate to the Polish Room Collection fund.&#13;
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                <text> Conrad, Joseph, 1857-1924</text>
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            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="1866321">
                <text>Dziennik dia Wszystkich = Everybody's Daily</text>
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                <text>State University of New York at Buffalo. University Libraries. Polish Room. </text>
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            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="1866718">
                <text>State University of New York at Buffalo. University Libraries</text>
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            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="1906182">
                <text>&lt;a href=""&gt;IN COPYRIGHT&lt;/a&gt;. This Item is protected by copyright and/or related rights. You are free to use this Item in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. For other uses you need to obtain permission from the rights-holder(s).</text>
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          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
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                <text>Historja krypty Św. Leonarda na Wawelu. Illustrations by Henry Archacki.</text>
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                <text> Plan krypty [Ołtarz]. Illustrations by Henry Archacki.</text>
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                <text> Baba kamienna w Zubkach. Illustrations by Henry Archacki.</text>
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                <text>The history of St. Leonard's crypt at the Wawel. Illustrations by Henry Archacki.</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="1916519">
                <text> Crypt's blueprints [Altar]. Illustrations by Henry Archacki.</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="1916520">
                <text> A stone woman in Zubki. Illustrations by Henry Archacki.</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="1918384">
                <text> Ubranie Józefa Conrada zapaliło się 3 razy w jednem dniu. Illustrations by Henry Archacki.</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="1918385">
                <text> Joseph Conrad's clothes caught on fire 3 times in one day. Illustrations by Henry Archacki.</text>
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                <text>A Polish newspaper page featuring illustrations and text under the heading "Czy Wiecie, Ze–" by Henryk Archacki. The upper half contains a detailed drawing of a vaulted crypt interior with stone columns and arches, labeled as "Historia Krypty Sw. Leonarda na Wawelu." To the right is a floor plan labeled "Plan Krypty." The lower section has two additional illustrations: one of a stone statue labeled "Baba Kamienna w Zubkach," and another showing a person in historical dress near a garden with the caption "Zabudowania Zakladu sw. Anny w Ladku Zdroju." Columns of printed text run beneath and alongside the illustrations. Illustrations by Henry Archacki.</text>
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                <text>Obce rzeczy dobrze wiedzieć jest,-swoje, obowiązek! Illustrations by Henry Archacki.</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="1918909">
                <text>It's good to know foreign facts,-own, a duty! Illustrations by Henry Archacki.</text>
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                <text>The description and alternative text may have been partially generated using an AI tool and may contain errors or omissions. </text>
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&#13;
In the mid-20th century, Polish Americans were simultaneously assimilating and realizing a new pride in their heritage, as Poland arose after World War I from over a century of partition. An unknown Buffalo subscriber clipped the cartoons in this collection from Buffalo’s Dziennik dla Wszystkich (Everybody’s Daily) from 1931 to 1952 and saved them in scrapbooks; the scrapbooks were recently acquired by Steven Piwowar and donated to UB’s Polish Collection. Mixing serious and light content, Archacki both enlightened and entertained his beloved Polonia.&#13;
&#13;
The first 200 cartoons of the total 1007 are presented here. All of the cartoons have been digitized, and we hope to obtain enough funds to complete the online collection soon. Visit Giving to UB for information on how to donate to the Polish Room Collection fund.&#13;
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          <element elementId="43">
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              <elementText elementTextId="61139">
                <text>Poland. Sejm</text>
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                <text> Grottger, Artur, 1837-1867</text>
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                <text> Hel (Poland)</text>
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                <text>Dziennik dia Wszystkich = Everybody's Daily</text>
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                <text>Sejm polski który obradował przy świetle jednej świeczki. Illustrations by Henry Archacki.</text>
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                <text> Sławni w narodzie polskim: Artur Grottger ur. r. 1837, um. r. 1867. Illustrations by Henry Archacki.</text>
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                <text> Stare miasto polskie na dnie morskim. Illustrations by Henry Archacki.</text>
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                <text>The Polish Parliament that debated with the light of one candle. Illustrations by Henry Archacki.</text>
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                <text> Famous in the Polish nation: Artur Grottger born 1837, died 1867. Illustrations by Henry Archacki.</text>
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                <text> An old Polish city on the bottom of the sea. Illustrations by Henry Archacki.</text>
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                <text> Zygmunt Podolak zdobywa mistrzostwo stanu New York w dźwiganiu ciężarów. Illustrations by Henry Archacki.</text>
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                <text> Zygmunt Podolak wins the weight lifting championship in the state of New York. Illustrations by Henry Archacki.</text>
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&#13;
In the mid-20th century, Polish Americans were simultaneously assimilating and realizing a new pride in their heritage, as Poland arose after World War I from over a century of partition. An unknown Buffalo subscriber clipped the cartoons in this collection from Buffalo’s Dziennik dla Wszystkich (Everybody’s Daily) from 1931 to 1952 and saved them in scrapbooks; the scrapbooks were recently acquired by Steven Piwowar and donated to UB’s Polish Collection. Mixing serious and light content, Archacki both enlightened and entertained his beloved Polonia.&#13;
&#13;
The first 200 cartoons of the total 1007 are presented here. All of the cartoons have been digitized, and we hope to obtain enough funds to complete the online collection soon. Visit Giving to UB for information on how to donate to the Polish Room Collection fund.&#13;
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                <text>Kościuszko, Tadeusz, 1746-1817</text>
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                <text> Piłsudski, Józef, 1867-1935</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="61118">
                <text> Hausner, Stanisław</text>
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                <text>Dziennik dia Wszystkich = Everybody's Daily</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="1866720">
                <text>State University of New York at Buffalo. University Libraries</text>
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          </element>
          <element elementId="47">
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            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="1906184">
                <text>&lt;a href=""&gt;IN COPYRIGHT&lt;/a&gt;. This Item is protected by copyright and/or related rights. You are free to use this Item in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. For other uses you need to obtain permission from the rights-holder(s).</text>
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          <element elementId="41">
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                <text>Dwa takie same pomniki Kościuszki, w Milwaukee i Florencji [Pomnik w Milwaukee. Illustrations by Henry Archacki.</text>
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                <text> Pomnik w Florencji]. Illustrations by Henry Archacki.</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="1916536">
                <text> "Blondynka" i "brunetka" w życiu Marszałka Piłsudskiego. Illustrations by Henry Archacki.</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="1916537">
                <text> ś. p. Stanisławowi Hausherowi [Polonia amerykanska]. Illustrations by Henry Archacki.</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="1916539">
                <text>Two identical Kościuszko monuments, in Milwaukee and Florence [The monument in Milwaukee. Illustrations by Henry Archacki.</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="1916540">
                <text> The monument in Florence]. Illustrations by Henry Archacki.</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="1916541">
                <text> A "blonde" and a "brunette" in the life of Marshal Piłsudski. Illustrations by Henry Archacki.</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="1916542">
                <text> the late Stanisław Hausher [American Polonia]. Illustrations by Henry Archacki.</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="1918389">
                <text> Polak świętym tybetańskim. Illustrations by Henry Archacki.</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="1918390">
                <text> A Pole Tibetan saint. Illustrations by Henry Archacki.</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="1918391">
                <text>The page is from a Polish illustrated publication dated Wednesday, June 5, 1935. It is titled "Czy Wiecie, Ze-" ("Did you know that–") and contains multiple black-and-white illustrations accompanied by text. The illustrations include: a statue of a person on horseback shown in two versions (with and without a sword), a classroom scene with a teacher pointing at a blackboard while students sit at desks, a figure pulling a cart filled with barrels, and a person walking while carrying a bundle on their back. Text is printed below and around the illustrations, describing each scene. Illustrations by Henry Archacki.</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="1918910">
                <text>Obce rzeczy dobrze wiedzieć jest,-swoje, obowiązek! Illustrations by Henry Archacki.</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="1918911">
                <text>It's good to know foreign facts,-own, a duty! Illustrations by Henry Archacki.</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="1982213">
                <text>The description and alternative text may have been partially generated using an AI tool and may contain errors or omissions. </text>
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&#13;
In the mid-20th century, Polish Americans were simultaneously assimilating and realizing a new pride in their heritage, as Poland arose after World War I from over a century of partition. An unknown Buffalo subscriber clipped the cartoons in this collection from Buffalo’s Dziennik dla Wszystkich (Everybody’s Daily) from 1931 to 1952 and saved them in scrapbooks; the scrapbooks were recently acquired by Steven Piwowar and donated to UB’s Polish Collection. Mixing serious and light content, Archacki both enlightened and entertained his beloved Polonia.&#13;
&#13;
The first 200 cartoons of the total 1007 are presented here. All of the cartoons have been digitized, and we hope to obtain enough funds to complete the online collection soon. Visit Giving to UB for information on how to donate to the Polish Room Collection fund.&#13;
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          <element elementId="43">
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          <element elementId="39">
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            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
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          <element elementId="40">
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              <elementText elementTextId="61073">
                <text>1934</text>
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            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="61084">
                <text>Ratusz Krakowski (Kraków, Poland)</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="61085">
                <text> Katedra w Gnieźnie</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="61086">
                <text> Hofmann, Josef, 1876-1957</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="61087">
                <text> Boleslavsky, Richard, 1889-1937</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="61088">
                <text> Fronczak, Francis E., 1874-1955</text>
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                <text>[Zegar na wierzy ratuszowej miasta Krakowa] Zegary staropolskie [Zegar na kościele katedralnym w Gnieźnie]. Illustrations by Henry Archacki.</text>
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                <text> Józef Hoffman, wynalazcą automatycznego czyściciela szyby samochodowej. Illustrations by Henry Archacki.</text>
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                <text> Ryszard Bolesławski staje się jednym z najsławniejszych dyrektorów w Hollywood. Illustrations by Henry Archacki.</text>
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                <text>[A clock on the City Hall's tower in the city of Krakow] Old Polish clocks [A clock on the Cathedral in Gniezno]. Illustrations by Henry Archacki.</text>
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                <text> Józef Hoffman, the inventor of the automatic windshield cleaner. Illustrations by Henry Archacki.</text>
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                <text> Ryszard Bolesławski is becoming one of the most famous Hollywood directors. Illustrations by Henry Archacki.</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="1918392">
                <text> [Uznanie, 1910-1935] Franciszek E. Fronczak jest od 25 lat komisarzem zdrowia miasta Buffalo. Illustrations by Henry Archacki.</text>
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                <text> [Recognition, 1910-1935] Franciszek E. Fronczak has been the commissioner of health for the city of Buffalo for 25 years. Illustrations by Henry Archacki.</text>
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                <text>The page is a Polish illustrated publication titled "Czy wiecie, ze–" by Henryk Archacki. It features a large central drawing of a clock flanked by two towers, with a winged figure above. Surrounding the central image are several portraits of individuals, along with text and decorative elements. At the bottom are additional illustrations, including faces framed by circles and ornamental designs, accompanied by descriptive captions. The layout combines artwork, portraits, and written sections in a stylized format. Illustrations by Henry Archacki.</text>
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                <text>Obce rzeczy dobrze wiedzieć jest,-swoje, obowiązek! Illustrations by Henry Archacki.</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="1918913">
                <text>It's good to know foreign facts,-own, a duty! Illustrations by Henry Archacki.</text>
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In the mid-20th century, Polish Americans were simultaneously assimilating and realizing a new pride in their heritage, as Poland arose after World War I from over a century of partition. An unknown Buffalo subscriber clipped the cartoons in this collection from Buffalo’s Dziennik dla Wszystkich (Everybody’s Daily) from 1931 to 1952 and saved them in scrapbooks; the scrapbooks were recently acquired by Steven Piwowar and donated to UB’s Polish Collection. Mixing serious and light content, Archacki both enlightened and entertained his beloved Polonia.&#13;
&#13;
The first 200 cartoons of the total 1007 are presented here. All of the cartoons have been digitized, and we hope to obtain enough funds to complete the online collection soon. Visit Giving to UB for information on how to donate to the Polish Room Collection fund.&#13;
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                <text>Kasprzycki, Tadeusz, 1891-1978</text>
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                <text> Hel (Poland)</text>
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                <text> British Museum</text>
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                <text>Dziennik dia Wszystkich = Everybody's Daily</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="1866330">
                <text>State University of New York at Buffalo. University Libraries. Polish Room. </text>
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                <text>State University of New York at Buffalo. University Libraries</text>
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          <element elementId="47">
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            <elementTextContainer>
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                <text>&lt;a href=""&gt;IN COPYRIGHT&lt;/a&gt;. This Item is protected by copyright and/or related rights. You are free to use this Item in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. For other uses you need to obtain permission from the rights-holder(s).</text>
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                <text>Polak wytwarza złoto ze zwyczajnego piasku. Illustrations by Henry Archacki.</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="1916559">
                <text> Sławni w narodzie polskim: Generał Tadeusz Kasprzycki nowy minister spraw wojskowych. Illustrations by Henry Archacki.</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="1916560">
                <text> Nadzwyczajny miraż na Helu. Illustrations by Henry Archacki.</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="1916562">
                <text>A Pole makes gold out of ordinary sand. Illustrations by Henry Archacki.</text>
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                <text> Famous in the Polish nation: General Tadeusz Kasprzycki the new minister of the army. Illustrations by Henry Archacki.</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="1916564">
                <text> An extraordinary mirage at the Hel. Illustrations by Henry Archacki.</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="1918395">
                <text> Książka pisana przez Polaka w XII wieku znajduje się w British Museum. Illustrations by Henry Archacki.</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="1918396">
                <text> A book written by a Pole in the 12th century is at the British Museum. Illustrations by Henry Archacki.</text>
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                <text>A vintage Polish newspaper page features the heading "Czy wiecie, ze" ("Did you know that") by Henryk Archacki. The page includes several black-and-white illustrations: a portrait of a person on the left engaged in an activity involving a funnel or sand, a small drawing of a gold-processing setup, a portrait of another individual on the right, and a panoramic illustration of a seaside scene with piers and water activity. Text surrounds and captions the illustrations, providing explanations for each highlighted fact. Illustrations by Henry Archacki.</text>
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                <text>Obce rzeczy dobrze wiedzieć jest,-swoje, obowiązek! Illustrations by Henry Archacki.</text>
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                <text>It's good to know foreign facts,-own, a duty! Illustrations by Henry Archacki.</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="1982215">
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&#13;
In the mid-20th century, Polish Americans were simultaneously assimilating and realizing a new pride in their heritage, as Poland arose after World War I from over a century of partition. An unknown Buffalo subscriber clipped the cartoons in this collection from Buffalo’s Dziennik dla Wszystkich (Everybody’s Daily) from 1931 to 1952 and saved them in scrapbooks; the scrapbooks were recently acquired by Steven Piwowar and donated to UB’s Polish Collection. Mixing serious and light content, Archacki both enlightened and entertained his beloved Polonia.&#13;
&#13;
The first 200 cartoons of the total 1007 are presented here. All of the cartoons have been digitized, and we hope to obtain enough funds to complete the online collection soon. Visit Giving to UB for information on how to donate to the Polish Room Collection fund.&#13;
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                <text>Marshal Józef Piłsudski</text>
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          <element elementId="43">
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          <element elementId="39">
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              <elementText elementTextId="61034">
                <text>Piłsudski, Józef, 1867-1935</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="61035">
                <text> Siberia (Russia)</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="61036">
                <text> Wawel (Kraków, Poland)</text>
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                <text>&lt;a href=""&gt;IN COPYRIGHT&lt;/a&gt;. This Item is protected by copyright and/or related rights. You are free to use this Item in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. For other uses you need to obtain permission from the rights-holder(s).</text>
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                <text>Marszałek Józef Piłsudski, 1867-1935 [Matka uczy synów historji Polski. Illustrations by Henry Archacki.</text>
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                <text> Piłsudski skazany na Sybir. Illustrations by Henry Archacki.</text>
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                <text> Twórca strzelców i legjonów. Illustrations by Henry Archacki.</text>
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                <text> Obrona Polski przed wrogiem. Illustrations by Henry Archacki.</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="1916573">
                <text> W więzieniu Magdeburskim. Illustrations by Henry Archacki.</text>
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                <text> Pisudski przyjmuje marszałkostwo. Illustrations by Henry Archacki.</text>
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                <text> Piłsudski buduje potężną Polskę. Illustrations by Henry Archacki.</text>
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                <text>Marshal Józef Piłsudski, 1867-1935 [Mother teaches the sons the history of Poland. Illustrations by Henry Archacki.</text>
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                <text> Piłsudski sentenced to Siberia. Illustrations by Henry Archacki.</text>
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                <text> The founder of the sharp shooters and legions. Illustrations by Henry Archacki.</text>
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                <text> The defense of Poland from the enemy. Illustrations by Henry Archacki.</text>
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                <text> In the Magdeburg's prison. Illustrations by Henry Archacki.</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="1916582">
                <text> Piłsudski accepts the marshalship. Illustrations by Henry Archacki.</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="1916583">
                <text> Piłsudski builds a powerful Poland. Illustrations by Henry Archacki.</text>
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                <text> Na wieczny spoczynek w Wawelu]. Illustrations by Henry Archacki.</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="1918399">
                <text> in eternal rest at the Wawel]. Illustrations by Henry Archacki.</text>
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                <text>Obce rzeczy dobrze wiedzieć jest,-swoje, obowiązek! Illustrations by Henry Archacki.</text>
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                <text>It's good to know foreign facts,-own, a duty! Illustrations by Henry Archacki.</text>
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                  <text>Henryk Archacki, 1907-1988, a Polish immigrant, journalist and well-known graphic artist, drew weekly cartoons for Polish-language newspapers for over 20 years. With his wife, he researched current events, sports, literature, and historical curiosities, and presented them in these factoid cartoons, with a strong flavor of pride in being Polish. This syndicated series was entitled “Czy wiecie, że…” (“Do you know that…”).&#13;
&#13;
In the mid-20th century, Polish Americans were simultaneously assimilating and realizing a new pride in their heritage, as Poland arose after World War I from over a century of partition. An unknown Buffalo subscriber clipped the cartoons in this collection from Buffalo’s Dziennik dla Wszystkich (Everybody’s Daily) from 1931 to 1952 and saved them in scrapbooks; the scrapbooks were recently acquired by Steven Piwowar and donated to UB’s Polish Collection. Mixing serious and light content, Archacki both enlightened and entertained his beloved Polonia.&#13;
&#13;
The first 200 cartoons of the total 1007 are presented here. All of the cartoons have been digitized, and we hope to obtain enough funds to complete the online collection soon. Visit Giving to UB for information on how to donate to the Polish Room Collection fund.&#13;
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                <text>Verne, Jules, 1828-1905</text>
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                <text> Marcinkowski, Karol, 1800-1846</text>
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                <text> Ostrowski, Janusz</text>
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                <text>Dziennik dia Wszystkich = Everybody's Daily</text>
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                <text>State University of New York at Buffalo. University Libraries. Polish Room. </text>
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            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="1906188">
                <text>&lt;a href=""&gt;IN COPYRIGHT&lt;/a&gt;. This Item is protected by copyright and/or related rights. You are free to use this Item in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. For other uses you need to obtain permission from the rights-holder(s).</text>
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          <element elementId="41">
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            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                <text>Juljusz Verne, był pochodzenia polskiego. Illustrations by Henry Archacki.</text>
              </elementText>
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                <text> Sławni w narodzie polskim: Karol Marcinkowski ur. r. 1800, um. r. 1846. Illustrations by Henry Archacki.</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="1916590">
                <text> Pierwszą drukarnię w Hiszpanji założył Polak. Illustrations by Henry Archacki.</text>
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                <text>Jules Verne, was of Polish descent. Illustrations by Henry Archacki.</text>
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                <text> Famous in the Polish nation: Karol Marcinkowski born 1800, died 1846. Illustrations by Henry Archacki.</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="1916594">
                <text> A Pole founded the first press in Spain. Illustrations by Henry Archacki.</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="1918401">
                <text> Ks. Janusz Ostrowski przebijał księgi strzałą z łuku. Illustrations by Henry Archacki.</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="1918402">
                <text> Duke Janusz Ostrowski pierced books with a bow and arrow. Illustrations by Henry Archacki.</text>
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                <text>A Polish illustrated publication page featuring portraits, drawings, and text. At the top, the heading reads "Czy wiecie, ze–" with the name Henryk Archacki beneath it. The central illustration shows a portrait of Jules Verne surrounded by depictions of ships, rockets, and other inventions. To the right is another portrait labeled "Rafal Archacki (c.1800–c.1860)." Additional smaller illustrations appear below, including a person seated outdoors reading, a printing machine, and a person walking through a landscape. Captions in Polish accompany the illustrations. Illustrations by Henry Archacki.</text>
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                <text>Obce rzeczy dobrze wiedzieć jest,-swoje, obowiązek! Illustrations by Henry Archacki.</text>
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                <text>It's good to know foreign facts,-own, a duty! Illustrations by Henry Archacki.</text>
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&#13;
In the mid-20th century, Polish Americans were simultaneously assimilating and realizing a new pride in their heritage, as Poland arose after World War I from over a century of partition. An unknown Buffalo subscriber clipped the cartoons in this collection from Buffalo’s Dziennik dla Wszystkich (Everybody’s Daily) from 1931 to 1952 and saved them in scrapbooks; the scrapbooks were recently acquired by Steven Piwowar and donated to UB’s Polish Collection. Mixing serious and light content, Archacki both enlightened and entertained his beloved Polonia.&#13;
&#13;
The first 200 cartoons of the total 1007 are presented here. All of the cartoons have been digitized, and we hope to obtain enough funds to complete the online collection soon. Visit Giving to UB for information on how to donate to the Polish Room Collection fund.&#13;
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                <text>1934</text>
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          <element elementId="49">
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            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="60974">
                <text>Uhlans</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="60975">
                <text> Napoleon I, Emperor of the French, 1769-1821</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="60976">
                <text> Stanisławski, Jan, 1860-1907</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="60977">
                <text> Sieniawski, Prokop</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="1867127">
                <text> </text>
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            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="1866335">
                <text>Dziennik dia Wszystkich = Everybody's Daily</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="1866336">
                <text>State University of New York at Buffalo. University Libraries. Polish Room. </text>
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            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="1866725">
                <text>State University of New York at Buffalo. University Libraries</text>
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            <description>The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource</description>
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                <text>Archacki Cartoons. LIB-ASL003</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="1867529">
                <text>Archacki cartoon collection scrapbooks. MS-0180</text>
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          <element elementId="47">
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            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="1906189">
                <text>&lt;a href=""&gt;IN COPYRIGHT&lt;/a&gt;. This Item is protected by copyright and/or related rights. You are free to use this Item in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. For other uses you need to obtain permission from the rights-holder(s).</text>
              </elementText>
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          </element>
          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                <text>Poświęcenie ułanów polskich dla Napoleona. Illustrations by Henry Archacki.</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="1916600">
                <text> Jan Stanisławski, artysta olbrzym, malował małe obrazy. Illustrations by Henry Archacki.</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="1916602">
                <text>Devotion of the Polish uhlans for Napoleon. Illustrations by Henry Archacki.</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="1916603">
                <text> Jan Stanisławski, a giant artist, painted small paintings. Illustrations by Henry Archacki.</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="1918404">
                <text> Siła Prokopa Sieniawskiego. Illustrations by Henry Archacki.</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="1918405">
                <text> The strength of Prokop Sieniawski. Illustrations by Henry Archacki.</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="1918406">
                <text>The page is from a Polish publication titled Czy Wiecie, Ze. It features multiple black-and-white illustrations and text. At the top, a large drawing shows a group of soldiers on horseback engaged in battle. Below, smaller illustrations include a person standing with a palette and brush near an easel, and another scene showing a group of figures in action, some holding weapons or instruments. The bottom portion of the page contains columns of printed text in Polish. Illustrations by Henry Archacki.</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="1918920">
                <text>Obce rzeczy dobrze wiedzieć jest,-swoje, obowiązek! Illustrations by Henry Archacki.</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="1918921">
                <text>It's good to know foreign facts,-own, a duty! Illustrations by Henry Archacki.</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="1982218">
                <text>The description and alternative text may have been partially generated using an AI tool and may contain errors or omissions. </text>
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                    <text>Illustrated Polish newspaper page from 1930 showing explorers in Alaska, a map, Polish-named islands, a KrakÃ³w prison scene, and a portrait of Henryk Sienkiewicz</text>
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                  <text>Henryk Archacki, 1907-1988, a Polish immigrant, journalist and well-known graphic artist, drew weekly cartoons for Polish-language newspapers for over 20 years. With his wife, he researched current events, sports, literature, and historical curiosities, and presented them in these factoid cartoons, with a strong flavor of pride in being Polish. This syndicated series was entitled “Czy wiecie, że…” (“Do you know that…”).&#13;
&#13;
In the mid-20th century, Polish Americans were simultaneously assimilating and realizing a new pride in their heritage, as Poland arose after World War I from over a century of partition. An unknown Buffalo subscriber clipped the cartoons in this collection from Buffalo’s Dziennik dla Wszystkich (Everybody’s Daily) from 1931 to 1952 and saved them in scrapbooks; the scrapbooks were recently acquired by Steven Piwowar and donated to UB’s Polish Collection. Mixing serious and light content, Archacki both enlightened and entertained his beloved Polonia.&#13;
&#13;
The first 200 cartoons of the total 1007 are presented here. All of the cartoons have been digitized, and we hope to obtain enough funds to complete the online collection soon. Visit Giving to UB for information on how to donate to the Polish Room Collection fund.&#13;
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                  <text>Dziennik dia Wszystkich = Everybody's Daily</text>
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                <text>Polish Alaska</text>
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          <element elementId="43">
            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
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                <text>bk03_pg0182</text>
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          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
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            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="60937">
                <text>Archacki, Henry, 1907-1998</text>
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          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
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              <elementText elementTextId="60938">
                <text>1933</text>
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          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
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                <text>Jarosz, Stefan, 1903-1958</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="60948">
                <text> Alaska</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="60949">
                <text> Zarembo Island (Alaska)</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="60950">
                <text> Woodsky Island (Alaska)</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="60951">
                <text> Kosciuszko Island (Alaska)</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="60952">
                <text> Kraków (Poland)</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="60953">
                <text> Twain, Mark, 1835-1910</text>
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          <element elementId="51">
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            <description>The nature or genre of the resource</description>
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                <text>Image</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="1867128">
                <text> </text>
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          </element>
          <element elementId="48">
            <name>Source</name>
            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="1866337">
                <text>Dziennik dia Wszystkich = Everybody's Daily</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="1866338">
                <text>State University of New York at Buffalo. University Libraries. Polish Room. </text>
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          </element>
          <element elementId="45">
            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="1866726">
                <text>State University of New York at Buffalo. University Libraries</text>
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            <name>Format</name>
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            <name>Is Part Of</name>
            <description>A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included.</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="1867329">
                <text>Archacki Cartoons. LIB-ASL003</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="1867530">
                <text>Archacki cartoon collection scrapbooks. MS-0180</text>
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          </element>
          <element elementId="44">
            <name>Language</name>
            <description>A language of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="1867731">
                <text>pol</text>
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            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="47">
            <name>Rights</name>
            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="1906190">
                <text>&lt;a href=""&gt;IN COPYRIGHT&lt;/a&gt;. This Item is protected by copyright and/or related rights. You are free to use this Item in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. For other uses you need to obtain permission from the rights-holder(s).</text>
              </elementText>
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          </element>
          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                <text>Dr. Jarosz podczas pierwszego pobytu na Alasce. Illustrations by Henry Archacki.</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="1916609">
                <text> Wyspy o nazwach polskich przy brzegach Alaski [Wyspa Kościuszki, Wyspa Wojewodzkiego (Woodsky), Wyspa Zaremby (Zarembo)]. Illustrations by Henry Archacki.</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="1916610">
                <text> Ile się płaciło w Krakowie przed 300 laty [Panowie! Wino dzisiaj 33 gr. w gotówce! Co za drożyżna!]. Illustrations by Henry Archacki.</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="1916612">
                <text>Dr. Jarosz during the first stay in Alaska. Illustrations by Henry Archacki.</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="1916613">
                <text> Islands with Polish names along the Alaska shores [Kościuszko Island, Wojewodzki Island (Woodsky), Zaremba Island (Zarembo)]. Illustrations by Henry Archacki.</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="1916614">
                <text> How much one paid in Kraków 300 years ago [Gentlemen! Wine today is 33 gr. in cash! What a rip off!]. Illustrations by Henry Archacki.</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="1918407">
                <text> Dowcip Mark Twain'a o polskich nazwiskach. Illustrations by Henry Archacki.</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="1918408">
                <text> Mark Twain's joke about Polish last names. Illustrations by Henry Archacki.</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="1918409">
                <text>The illustration is a historical Polish newspaper page from March 1930. It contains multiple drawings and text in Polish. The upper part shows a group of people in winter clothing standing on snowy ground, a map of Alaska with marked routes, and a caption about Polish explorers traveling there. The middle section highlights islands near Alaska with Polish names. The bottom part includes a drawing of two people sitting at a table with one behind bars, accompanied by a caption about Kraków in earlier times. To the right is a portrait labeled with information about Henryk Sienkiewicz and Polish surnames. Illustrations by Henry Archacki.</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="1982219">
                <text>The description and alternative text may have been partially generated using an AI tool and may contain errors or omissions. </text>
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                    <text>A vintage illustrated Polish newspaper page with portraits, scientific drawings, and a log structure with alphabet letters</text>
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                  <text>Henryk Archacki, 1907-1988, a Polish immigrant, journalist and well-known graphic artist, drew weekly cartoons for Polish-language newspapers for over 20 years. With his wife, he researched current events, sports, literature, and historical curiosities, and presented them in these factoid cartoons, with a strong flavor of pride in being Polish. This syndicated series was entitled “Czy wiecie, że…” (“Do you know that…”).&#13;
&#13;
In the mid-20th century, Polish Americans were simultaneously assimilating and realizing a new pride in their heritage, as Poland arose after World War I from over a century of partition. An unknown Buffalo subscriber clipped the cartoons in this collection from Buffalo’s Dziennik dla Wszystkich (Everybody’s Daily) from 1931 to 1952 and saved them in scrapbooks; the scrapbooks were recently acquired by Steven Piwowar and donated to UB’s Polish Collection. Mixing serious and light content, Archacki both enlightened and entertained his beloved Polonia.&#13;
&#13;
The first 200 cartoons of the total 1007 are presented here. All of the cartoons have been digitized, and we hope to obtain enough funds to complete the online collection soon. Visit Giving to UB for information on how to donate to the Polish Room Collection fund.&#13;
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              <name>Creator</name>
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                <elementText elementTextId="13558">
                  <text>Archacki, Henry, 1907-1998</text>
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              <name>Publisher</name>
              <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="13559">
                  <text>Dziennik dia Wszystkich = Everybody's Daily</text>
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                <elementText elementTextId="13560">
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              <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
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                <elementText elementTextId="13562">
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              <elementTextContainer>
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              <name>Identifier</name>
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                  <text>LIB-ASL003</text>
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          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="60903">
                <text>Learning alphabet on wall</text>
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            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="43">
            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="60907">
                <text>bk03_pg0188</text>
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            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
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                <text>Archacki, Henry, 1907-1998</text>
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            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="60909">
                <text>1934</text>
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            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="60924">
                <text>Mościcki, Ignacy, 1867-1946</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="60925">
                <text> Konarski, Szymon, 1808-1839</text>
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                <text>Dziennik dia Wszystkich = Everybody's Daily</text>
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          <element elementId="41">
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                <text>Prez. Ignacy Mościcki, twórcą 500 wynalazków. Illustrations by Henry Archacki.</text>
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                <text> Sławni w narodzie polskim: Szymon Konarski um. r. 1838. Illustrations by Henry Archacki.</text>
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                <text> Dom, który się stał tablicą szkolną. Illustrations by Henry Archacki.</text>
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                <text> Najcenniejszy skarb Joseph'a Conrad'a [Joseph Conrad (Korzeniowski). Illustrations by Henry Archacki.</text>
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                <text> Ojciec Conrad'a. Illustrations by Henry Archacki.</text>
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                <text>Pres. Ignacy Mościcki, the creator of 500 inventions. Illustrations by Henry Archacki.</text>
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                <text> Famous in the Polish nation: Szymon Konarski died 1838. Illustrations by Henry Archacki.</text>
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                <text> A house that became a school blackboard. Illustrations by Henry Archacki.</text>
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                <text> Joseph Conrad's most precious treasure [Joseph Conrad (Korzeniowski). Illustrations by Henry Archacki.</text>
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                <text> Conrad's father. Illustrations by Henry Archacki.</text>
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                <text> Matka Conrad'a]. Illustrations by Henry Archacki.</text>
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                <text> Conrad's mother]. Illustrations by Henry Archacki.</text>
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                <text>A vintage illustrated Polish publication page with the headline "Czy wiecie, ze–" at the top. The layout includes multiple hand-drawn portraits and scenes. At the center is a portrait of a person in a suit with laboratory equipment in the background. To the right are portraits of historical figures, including one labeled "Szymon Klokarski 1638." At the bottom left, there is an illustration of a wooden log structure with alphabet letters inscribed on it. Several smaller portraits of individuals are also placed throughout the page, along with accompanying text in Polish. Illustrations by Henry Archacki.</text>
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                <text>Obce rzeczy dobrze wiedzieć jest,-swoje, obowiązek! Illustrations by Henry Archacki.</text>
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                <text>It's good to know foreign facts,-own, a duty! Illustrations by Henry Archacki.</text>
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&#13;
In the mid-20th century, Polish Americans were simultaneously assimilating and realizing a new pride in their heritage, as Poland arose after World War I from over a century of partition. An unknown Buffalo subscriber clipped the cartoons in this collection from Buffalo’s Dziennik dla Wszystkich (Everybody’s Daily) from 1931 to 1952 and saved them in scrapbooks; the scrapbooks were recently acquired by Steven Piwowar and donated to UB’s Polish Collection. Mixing serious and light content, Archacki both enlightened and entertained his beloved Polonia.&#13;
&#13;
The first 200 cartoons of the total 1007 are presented here. All of the cartoons have been digitized, and we hope to obtain enough funds to complete the online collection soon. Visit Giving to UB for information on how to donate to the Polish Room Collection fund.&#13;
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              <elementText elementTextId="1866341">
                <text>Dziennik dia Wszystkich = Everybody's Daily</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="1866342">
                <text>State University of New York at Buffalo. University Libraries. Polish Room. </text>
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                <text>Archacki Cartoons. LIB-ASL003</text>
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                <text>Archacki cartoon collection scrapbooks. MS-0180</text>
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          <element elementId="47">
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            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="1906192">
                <text>&lt;a href=""&gt;IN COPYRIGHT&lt;/a&gt;. This Item is protected by copyright and/or related rights. You are free to use this Item in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. For other uses you need to obtain permission from the rights-holder(s).</text>
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          <element elementId="41">
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                <text>Koń polski w historji. Illustrations by Henry Archacki.</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="1916633">
                <text> Polka najstarszą osobą w Buffalo. Illustrations by Henry Archacki.</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="1916634">
                <text> Niezwykłe odkrycie skarbu w starej wierzbie. Illustrations by Henry Archacki.</text>
              </elementText>
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                <text>A Polish horse in history. Illustrations by Henry Archacki.</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="1916637">
                <text> A Polish woman the oldest person in Buffalo. Illustrations by Henry Archacki.</text>
              </elementText>
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                <text> An incredible discovery of a treasure in an old willow. Illustrations by Henry Archacki.</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="1918413">
                <text> 40 lat temu Polka zdobyła rekordy świata w kolarstwie. Illustrations by Henry Archacki.</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="1918414">
                <text> 40 years ago a Polish woman won world records in cycling. Illustrations by Henry Archacki.</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="1918415">
                <text>The page is from a Polish publication titled "Czy Wiecie Ze" with a series of illustrations accompanied by captions. The top left shows a horse standing on grass with the caption "Kon polski w historji." To the right, there is a portrait of an older person in winter clothing with a caption noting them as the oldest person in Buffalo. Below the horse, an illustration depicts a person discovering treasure near a tree. At the bottom right, an individual rides a bicycle with the caption mentioning Poland winning the world championship in cycling 40 years earlier. The layout is in a four-panel style, with each section highlighting a different fact. Illustrations by Henry Archacki.</text>
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                    <text>Illustrated 1935 newspaper page featuring Faustin Wirkus, a map of Haiti, and cultural references including a crown and a Copernicus book</text>
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&#13;
In the mid-20th century, Polish Americans were simultaneously assimilating and realizing a new pride in their heritage, as Poland arose after World War I from over a century of partition. An unknown Buffalo subscriber clipped the cartoons in this collection from Buffalo’s Dziennik dla Wszystkich (Everybody’s Daily) from 1931 to 1952 and saved them in scrapbooks; the scrapbooks were recently acquired by Steven Piwowar and donated to UB’s Polish Collection. Mixing serious and light content, Archacki both enlightened and entertained his beloved Polonia.&#13;
&#13;
The first 200 cartoons of the total 1007 are presented here. All of the cartoons have been digitized, and we hope to obtain enough funds to complete the online collection soon. Visit Giving to UB for information on how to donate to the Polish Room Collection fund.&#13;
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                <text>1933</text>
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                <text> Wirkus, Faustin, 1896-1945</text>
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                <text> Copernicus, Nicolaus, 1473-1543</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="1866343">
                <text>Dziennik dia Wszystkich = Everybody's Daily</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="1866344">
                <text>State University of New York at Buffalo. University Libraries. Polish Room. </text>
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            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="45">
            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="1866729">
                <text>State University of New York at Buffalo. University Libraries</text>
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          <element elementId="42">
            <name>Format</name>
            <description>The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="1866930">
                <text>image/jpeg</text>
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          <element elementId="105">
            <name>Is Part Of</name>
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                <text>Archacki Cartoons. LIB-ASL003</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="1867533">
                <text>Archacki cartoon collection scrapbooks. MS-0180</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="44">
            <name>Language</name>
            <description>A language of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="1867734">
                <text>pol</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="47">
            <name>Rights</name>
            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="1906193">
                <text>&lt;a href=""&gt;IN COPYRIGHT&lt;/a&gt;. This Item is protected by copyright and/or related rights. You are free to use this Item in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. For other uses you need to obtain permission from the rights-holder(s).</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="1916641">
                <text>[Wyspa La Gonave, Wyspa Haiti. Illustrations by Henry Archacki.</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="1916642">
                <text> Faustyn Wirkus, sierżant marynarki wojennej i Król Faustyn II. Illustrations by Henry Archacki.</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="1916643">
                <text> Korona Faustyna I] Faustyn Wirkus, Polak, królem Murzynów. Illustrations by Henry Archacki.</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="1916644">
                <text> Polacy zmieniali ubiór swój trzy razy dziennie. Illustrations by Henry Archacki.</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="1916646">
                <text>[La Gonave Island, The island of Haiti. Illustrations by Henry Archacki.</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="1916647">
                <text> Faustyn Wirkus, a navy sergeant and King Faustyn II. Illustrations by Henry Archacki.</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="1916648">
                <text> The crown of Faustyn I] Faustyn Wirkus, a Pole, the king of the Blacks. Illustrations by Henry Archacki.</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="1916649">
                <text> Poles changed their clothes three times a day. Illustrations by Henry Archacki.</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="1918416">
                <text> Kopia książki Kopernika sprzedana za $760. Illustrations by Henry Archacki.</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="1918417">
                <text> A copy of Copernicus' book sold for $760. Illustrations by Henry Archacki.</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="1918418">
                <text>The page is a black-and-white illustrated newspaper feature from April 1935 with the heading "Czy Wiecie Ze" (Did You Know That). The central illustration shows a portrait of Faustin Wirkus in uniform, identified with text below as a Polish-born U.S. Marine who became a ruler in Haiti. Surrounding images include a map of Haiti, a crown with the inscription "Królowa i Faustin," scenes of daily life, and depictions of historical or cultural references such as a book by Copernicus. Captions and blocks of text accompany the illustrations, offering facts and anecdotes. Illustrations by Henry Archacki.</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="1982222">
                <text>The description and alternative text may have been partially generated using an AI tool and may contain errors or omissions. </text>
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                    <text>A 1935 illustrated page with drawings of a person fighting an octopus, portraits with captions, and smaller illustrations including someone at a desk and bowling pins being knocked down</text>
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                  <text>Henryk Archacki, 1907-1988, a Polish immigrant, journalist and well-known graphic artist, drew weekly cartoons for Polish-language newspapers for over 20 years. With his wife, he researched current events, sports, literature, and historical curiosities, and presented them in these factoid cartoons, with a strong flavor of pride in being Polish. This syndicated series was entitled “Czy wiecie, że…” (“Do you know that…”).&#13;
&#13;
In the mid-20th century, Polish Americans were simultaneously assimilating and realizing a new pride in their heritage, as Poland arose after World War I from over a century of partition. An unknown Buffalo subscriber clipped the cartoons in this collection from Buffalo’s Dziennik dla Wszystkich (Everybody’s Daily) from 1931 to 1952 and saved them in scrapbooks; the scrapbooks were recently acquired by Steven Piwowar and donated to UB’s Polish Collection. Mixing serious and light content, Archacki both enlightened and entertained his beloved Polonia.&#13;
&#13;
The first 200 cartoons of the total 1007 are presented here. All of the cartoons have been digitized, and we hope to obtain enough funds to complete the online collection soon. Visit Giving to UB for information on how to donate to the Polish Room Collection fund.&#13;
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              <name>Creator</name>
              <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
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                  <text>Archacki, Henry, 1907-1998</text>
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                  <text>Dziennik dia Wszystkich = Everybody's Daily</text>
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                <elementText elementTextId="13560">
                  <text>State University of New York at Buffalo. University Libraries. Polish Room</text>
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              <name>Date</name>
              <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
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                  <text>1931-1934</text>
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              <name>Language</name>
              <description>A language of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
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              <description>The nature or genre of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="13565">
                  <text>Image</text>
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              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="43">
              <name>Identifier</name>
              <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="13566">
                  <text>LIB-ASL003</text>
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              </elementTextContainer>
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      </elementSetContainer>
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    <itemType itemTypeId="6">
      <name>Still Image</name>
      <description>A static visual representation. Examples of still images are: paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps.  Recommended best practice is to assign the type "text" to images of textual materials.</description>
    </itemType>
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          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="60834">
                <text>Pole and octopus</text>
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            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="43">
            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="60838">
                <text>bk03_pg0185</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="60839">
                <text>Archacki, Henry, 1907-1998</text>
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            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="60840">
                <text>1933</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="60849">
                <text>Sczaniecka, Emilia, 1804-1896</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="60850">
                <text> Obuszkiewicz, Józef</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="51">
            <name>Type</name>
            <description>The nature or genre of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="60854">
                <text>Image</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="1867132">
                <text> </text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="48">
            <name>Source</name>
            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="1866345">
                <text>Dziennik dia Wszystkich = Everybody's Daily</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="1866346">
                <text>State University of New York at Buffalo. University Libraries. Polish Room. </text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="45">
            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="1866730">
                <text>State University of New York at Buffalo. University Libraries</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="42">
            <name>Format</name>
            <description>The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="1866931">
                <text>image/jpeg</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="105">
            <name>Is Part Of</name>
            <description>A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included.</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="1867333">
                <text>Archacki Cartoons. LIB-ASL003</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="1867534">
                <text>Archacki cartoon collection scrapbooks. MS-0180</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="44">
            <name>Language</name>
            <description>A language of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="1867735">
                <text>pol</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="47">
            <name>Rights</name>
            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="1906194">
                <text>&lt;a href=""&gt;IN COPYRIGHT&lt;/a&gt;. This Item is protected by copyright and/or related rights. You are free to use this Item in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. For other uses you need to obtain permission from the rights-holder(s).</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="1916652">
                <text>Polak zwyciężył w walce z ośmiornicą (polypem). Illustrations by Henry Archacki.</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="1916653">
                <text> Sławni w narodzie polskim: Emilia Sczaniecka. Illustrations by Henry Archacki.</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="1916654">
                <text> Profesjonalistki w Polsce. Illustrations by Henry Archacki.</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="1916656">
                <text>A Pole won the battle with a octopus (polyp). Illustrations by Henry Archacki.</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="1916657">
                <text> Famous in the Polish nation: Emilia Sczaniecka. Illustrations by Henry Archacki.</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="1916658">
                <text> Professionals in Poland. Illustrations by Henry Archacki.</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="1918419">
                <text> Józef Obuszkiewicz zdobywa rekord kręglowy. Illustrations by Henry Archacki.</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="1918420">
                <text> Józef Obuszkiewicz wins the bowling record. Illustrations by Henry Archacki.</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="1918421">
                <text>The page appears to be from a 1935 illustrated publication. It includes multiple drawings and short texts under the title “Czy Wiecie Ze(Do You Know That). The main illustration on the left shows a person fighting an octopus. To the right are portraits labeled with names, including Emilia Sczaniecka and Józef Gluszkiewicz. At the bottom are two smaller drawings: one of a person working at a desk, and another showing bowling pins being knocked down by a ball. The layout combines images with captions, presenting a variety of facts and anecdotes. Illustrations by Henry Archacki.</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="1982223">
                <text>The description and alternative text may have been partially generated using an AI tool and may contain errors or omissions. </text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
        </elementContainer>
      </elementSet>
    </elementSetContainer>
  </item>
  <item itemId="4178" public="1" featured="0">
    <fileContainer>
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        <src>https://digital.lib.buffalo.edu/files/original/479224a8e13b4d77ef7a56ff42d0b76c</src>
        <authentication>9c604fb2640c6e9c981b768bf1673175</authentication>
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            <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
            <elementContainer>
              <element elementId="41">
                <name>Description</name>
                <description>An account of the resource</description>
                <elementTextContainer>
                  <elementText elementTextId="1862550">
                    <text>Polish illustrated newspaper page from 1935 featuring portraits of Polish leaders, a note on the first licensed female driver, and a sketch of athlete Frank Lamanski</text>
                  </elementText>
                </elementTextContainer>
              </element>
            </elementContainer>
          </elementSet>
        </elementSetContainer>
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    </fileContainer>
    <collection collectionId="22">
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            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                  <text>Archacki Cartoons</text>
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            <element elementId="41">
              <name>Description</name>
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                <elementText elementTextId="13557">
                  <text>Henryk Archacki, 1907-1988, a Polish immigrant, journalist and well-known graphic artist, drew weekly cartoons for Polish-language newspapers for over 20 years. With his wife, he researched current events, sports, literature, and historical curiosities, and presented them in these factoid cartoons, with a strong flavor of pride in being Polish. This syndicated series was entitled “Czy wiecie, że…” (“Do you know that…”).&#13;
&#13;
In the mid-20th century, Polish Americans were simultaneously assimilating and realizing a new pride in their heritage, as Poland arose after World War I from over a century of partition. An unknown Buffalo subscriber clipped the cartoons in this collection from Buffalo’s Dziennik dla Wszystkich (Everybody’s Daily) from 1931 to 1952 and saved them in scrapbooks; the scrapbooks were recently acquired by Steven Piwowar and donated to UB’s Polish Collection. Mixing serious and light content, Archacki both enlightened and entertained his beloved Polonia.&#13;
&#13;
The first 200 cartoons of the total 1007 are presented here. All of the cartoons have been digitized, and we hope to obtain enough funds to complete the online collection soon. Visit Giving to UB for information on how to donate to the Polish Room Collection fund.&#13;
</text>
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            <element elementId="39">
              <name>Creator</name>
              <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="13558">
                  <text>Archacki, Henry, 1907-1998</text>
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              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="45">
              <name>Publisher</name>
              <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="13559">
                  <text>Dziennik dia Wszystkich = Everybody's Daily</text>
                </elementText>
                <elementText elementTextId="13560">
                  <text>State University of New York at Buffalo. University Libraries. Polish Room</text>
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              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="40">
              <name>Date</name>
              <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="13562">
                  <text>1931-1934</text>
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              </elementTextContainer>
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            <element elementId="44">
              <name>Language</name>
              <description>A language of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="13564">
                  <text>Pol</text>
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              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="51">
              <name>Type</name>
              <description>The nature or genre of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="13565">
                  <text>Image</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="43">
              <name>Identifier</name>
              <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="13566">
                  <text>LIB-ASL003</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
          </elementContainer>
        </elementSet>
      </elementSetContainer>
    </collection>
    <itemType itemTypeId="6">
      <name>Still Image</name>
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        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
        <elementContainer>
          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="60808">
                <text>Autographs of Polish chiefs</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="43">
            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="60812">
                <text>bk03_pg0184</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="60813">
                <text>Archacki, Henry, 1907-1998</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="60814">
                <text>1933</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="60823">
                <text>Stefan Batory, King of Poland, 1533-1586</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="60824">
                <text> Żółkiewski, Stanisław, 1547?-1620</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="60825">
                <text> Koniecpolski, Stanisław, ca. 1592-1646</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="60826">
                <text> Kościuszko, Tadeusz, 1746-1817</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="60827">
                <text> Dąbrowski, Jan Henryk, 1755-1818</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="60828">
                <text> Lamanske, Frank, 1906-1971</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="51">
            <name>Type</name>
            <description>The nature or genre of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="60832">
                <text>Image</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="1867133">
                <text> </text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="48">
            <name>Source</name>
            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="1866347">
                <text>Dziennik dia Wszystkich = Everybody's Daily</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="1866348">
                <text>State University of New York at Buffalo. University Libraries. Polish Room. </text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="45">
            <name>Publisher</name>
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                <text>Archacki Cartoons. LIB-ASL003</text>
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                <text>Archacki cartoon collection scrapbooks. MS-0180</text>
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                <text>pol</text>
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            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="1906195">
                <text>&lt;a href=""&gt;IN COPYRIGHT&lt;/a&gt;. This Item is protected by copyright and/or related rights. You are free to use this Item in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. For other uses you need to obtain permission from the rights-holder(s).</text>
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          <element elementId="41">
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                <text>[Stefan Batory, Stanisław Żółkiewski, Stanisław Koniecpolski, Tadeusz Kościuszko, Generał Dąbrowski] Autografy wodzów polskich. Illustrations by Henry Archacki.</text>
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                <text> Najstarsza kobieta w Polsce liczy lat 116. Illustrations by Henry Archacki.</text>
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                <text> Wielki sukces kina amerykańskiego o charakterach polskich. Illustrations by Henry Archacki.</text>
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                <text>[Stefan Batory, Stanisław Żółkiewski, Stanisław Koniecpolski, Tadeusz Kościuszko, General Dąbrowski] The autographs of Polish chiefs. Illustrations by Henry Archacki.</text>
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                <text> The oldest woman in Poland is 116 years old. Illustrations by Henry Archacki.</text>
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                <text> A big success of the American cinema about Polish characters. Illustrations by Henry Archacki.</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="1918422">
                <text> Frank Lamański, nowa gwiazda w piłce metowej. Illustrations by Henry Archacki.</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="1918423">
                <text> Frank Lamański, a new star in baseball. Illustrations by Henry Archacki.</text>
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                <text>The page is from a Polish illustrated publication dated March 29, 1935. It contains several sketches and short texts under the title "Czy Wiecie Ze" (“Did You Know That. The upper section shows portraits and names of historical Polish figures, including Stefan Batory, Tadeusz Kosciuszko, and others, along with their signatures. To the right, there is a sketch of a person near a house with text about the first woman in Poland to obtain a driver’s license. The lower section includes illustrations of a man and woman reading, and another drawing of an athlete in a cap and sports jersey labeled “BROOKLYN, with accompanying text mentioning Frank Lamanski, a baseball player. Illustrations by Henry Archacki.</text>
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                    <text>Newspaper illustration showing the first railway in Poland in 1844 and portraits and cartoons about truth and Janek Walisch</text>
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                  <text>Henryk Archacki, 1907-1988, a Polish immigrant, journalist and well-known graphic artist, drew weekly cartoons for Polish-language newspapers for over 20 years. With his wife, he researched current events, sports, literature, and historical curiosities, and presented them in these factoid cartoons, with a strong flavor of pride in being Polish. This syndicated series was entitled “Czy wiecie, że…” (“Do you know that…”).&#13;
&#13;
In the mid-20th century, Polish Americans were simultaneously assimilating and realizing a new pride in their heritage, as Poland arose after World War I from over a century of partition. An unknown Buffalo subscriber clipped the cartoons in this collection from Buffalo’s Dziennik dla Wszystkich (Everybody’s Daily) from 1931 to 1952 and saved them in scrapbooks; the scrapbooks were recently acquired by Steven Piwowar and donated to UB’s Polish Collection. Mixing serious and light content, Archacki both enlightened and entertained his beloved Polonia.&#13;
&#13;
The first 200 cartoons of the total 1007 are presented here. All of the cartoons have been digitized, and we hope to obtain enough funds to complete the online collection soon. Visit Giving to UB for information on how to donate to the Polish Room Collection fund.&#13;
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                  <text>Dziennik dia Wszystkich = Everybody's Daily</text>
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                <text>First railroad in Poland</text>
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            <name>Identifier</name>
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                <text>Archacki, Henry, 1907-1998</text>
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          <element elementId="40">
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                <text>1933</text>
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                <text>Prawda (Man.)</text>
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                <text> Wąsicki, Janek</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="1866349">
                <text>Dziennik dia Wszystkich = Everybody's Daily</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="1866350">
                <text>State University of New York at Buffalo. University Libraries. Polish Room. </text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="1866732">
                <text>State University of New York at Buffalo. University Libraries</text>
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                <text>Archacki Cartoons. LIB-ASL003</text>
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                <text>Archacki cartoon collection scrapbooks. MS-0180</text>
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                <text>pol</text>
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          <element elementId="47">
            <name>Rights</name>
            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="1906196">
                <text>&lt;a href=""&gt;IN COPYRIGHT&lt;/a&gt;. This Item is protected by copyright and/or related rights. You are free to use this Item in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. For other uses you need to obtain permission from the rights-holder(s).</text>
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          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                <text>Początek kolei w Polsce w r. 1844. Illustrations by Henry Archacki.</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="1916671">
                <text> [Prawda. Illustrations by Henry Archacki.</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="1916672">
                <text> Czy to jest Prawda?. Illustrations by Henry Archacki.</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="1916673">
                <text> Tak to jest Prawda] Miasto w Kanadzie pod nazwą-Prawda. Illustrations by Henry Archacki.</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="1916675">
                <text>The beginning of railroad in Poland in 1844. Illustrations by Henry Archacki.</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="1916676">
                <text> [Truth. Illustrations by Henry Archacki.</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="1916677">
                <text> Is this the Truth?. Illustrations by Henry Archacki.</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="1916678">
                <text> Yes this is the Truth] A town in Canada named-Truth. Illustrations by Henry Archacki.</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="1918425">
                <text> Janek Wąsicki, młody Polak szampionem nurkowania. Illustrations by Henry Archacki.</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="1918426">
                <text> Janek Wąsicki, a young Pole the diving champion. Illustrations by Henry Archacki.</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="1918427">
                <text>A vintage newspaper page features two illustrated sections. The upper illustration shows a steam locomotive with a tall smokestack pulling a passenger carriage, surrounded by a crowd of people, with a building and trees in the background. The caption below reads “Poczatek kolei w Polsce w r. 1844 (The beginning of railways in Poland in 1844). The lower portion contains two separate illustrations: on the left, a car is parked near a building with the sign “PRAWDAand speech bubbles discussing truth; on the right, there is a portrait of a person labeled “Janek Walisch, mlody polski staphonier nurkowania (Janek Walisch, young Polish diving champion). Illustrations by Henry Archacki.</text>
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                <text>The description and alternative text may have been partially generated using an AI tool and may contain errors or omissions. </text>
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                    <text>Page from a Polish publication with illustrated panels, including a ship in a canal, portraits, and accompanying Polish text</text>
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&#13;
In the mid-20th century, Polish Americans were simultaneously assimilating and realizing a new pride in their heritage, as Poland arose after World War I from over a century of partition. An unknown Buffalo subscriber clipped the cartoons in this collection from Buffalo’s Dziennik dla Wszystkich (Everybody’s Daily) from 1931 to 1952 and saved them in scrapbooks; the scrapbooks were recently acquired by Steven Piwowar and donated to UB’s Polish Collection. Mixing serious and light content, Archacki both enlightened and entertained his beloved Polonia.&#13;
&#13;
The first 200 cartoons of the total 1007 are presented here. All of the cartoons have been digitized, and we hope to obtain enough funds to complete the online collection soon. Visit Giving to UB for information on how to donate to the Polish Room Collection fund.&#13;
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              <name>Publisher</name>
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              <elementTextContainer>
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                  <text>Dziennik dia Wszystkich = Everybody's Daily</text>
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                <elementText elementTextId="13560">
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          <element elementId="50">
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                <text>Panama Canal and its Poles</text>
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          <element elementId="43">
            <name>Identifier</name>
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              <elementText elementTextId="60764">
                <text>bk03_pg0181</text>
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          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
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          <element elementId="40">
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              <elementText elementTextId="60766">
                <text>1933</text>
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          <element elementId="49">
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            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
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                <text>Panama Canal (Panama)</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="60776">
                <text> Płoński, Michał, 1778-1812</text>
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                <text> Stadnitski, Pieter</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="60778">
                <text> Taberski, Frank</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="60782">
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            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="1866351">
                <text>Dziennik dia Wszystkich = Everybody's Daily</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="1866352">
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                <text>State University of New York at Buffalo. University Libraries</text>
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            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="1906197">
                <text>&lt;a href=""&gt;IN COPYRIGHT&lt;/a&gt;. This Item is protected by copyright and/or related rights. You are free to use this Item in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. For other uses you need to obtain permission from the rights-holder(s).</text>
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          <element elementId="41">
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                <text>3,000 Polaków na straży Kanału Panamskiego. Illustrations by Henry Archacki.</text>
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                <text> Sławni w narodzie polskim: Michał Płoński "Rembrandt polski" ur. r. 1782-um. r. 1812. Illustrations by Henry Archacki.</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="1916683">
                <text> Piotr Stadnicki, pionierem dobrobytu amerykańskiego. Illustrations by Henry Archacki.</text>
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                <text>3,000 Poles on guard at the Panama Canal. Illustrations by Henry Archacki.</text>
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                <text> Famous in the Polish nation: Michał Płoński "Polish Rembrandt" born 1782-died 1812. Illustrations by Henry Archacki.</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="1916687">
                <text> Piotr Stadnicki, the pioneer of the American prosperity. Illustrations by Henry Archacki.</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="1918428">
                <text> Taberski był szamjonem bilardowym 7 razy. Illustrations by Henry Archacki.</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="1918429">
                <text> Taberski was the 7 time pool champion. Illustrations by Henry Archacki.</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="1918430">
                <text>The image is a page from a Polish publication featuring a series of illustrated panels. At the top left, there is a drawing of a ship passing through a waterway surrounded by high cliffs. On the top right, there is a portrait of a bearded individual with accompanying text. Below, in the center, text highlights the presence of Polish workers at the Panama Canal. To the left, there is a depiction of a library or study with bookshelves and writing on a wall, and to the right, a portrait of another individual, shown from the shoulders up. The panels are bordered with captions and Polish text. Illustrations by Henry Archacki.</text>
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&#13;
In the mid-20th century, Polish Americans were simultaneously assimilating and realizing a new pride in their heritage, as Poland arose after World War I from over a century of partition. An unknown Buffalo subscriber clipped the cartoons in this collection from Buffalo’s Dziennik dla Wszystkich (Everybody’s Daily) from 1931 to 1952 and saved them in scrapbooks; the scrapbooks were recently acquired by Steven Piwowar and donated to UB’s Polish Collection. Mixing serious and light content, Archacki both enlightened and entertained his beloved Polonia.&#13;
&#13;
The first 200 cartoons of the total 1007 are presented here. All of the cartoons have been digitized, and we hope to obtain enough funds to complete the online collection soon. Visit Giving to UB for information on how to donate to the Polish Room Collection fund.&#13;
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          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
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                <text>Archacki, Henry, 1907-1998</text>
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          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
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                <text>1933</text>
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                <text>Leszek, I, King of Poland, ca. 1186-1227</text>
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                <text> Piasecki, Józef</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="60754">
                <text> Kucharski, Kazimierz, 1909-1995</text>
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            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="1866353">
                <text>Dziennik dia Wszystkich = Everybody's Daily</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="1866354">
                <text>State University of New York at Buffalo. University Libraries. Polish Room. </text>
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            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="1866734">
                <text>State University of New York at Buffalo. University Libraries</text>
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          <element elementId="42">
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                <text>Archacki Cartoons. LIB-ASL003</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="1867538">
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          </element>
          <element elementId="44">
            <name>Language</name>
            <description>A language of the resource</description>
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          </element>
          <element elementId="47">
            <name>Rights</name>
            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="1906198">
                <text>&lt;a href=""&gt;IN COPYRIGHT&lt;/a&gt;. This Item is protected by copyright and/or related rights. You are free to use this Item in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. For other uses you need to obtain permission from the rights-holder(s).</text>
              </elementText>
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          </element>
          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="1916690">
                <text>Leszek Biały przekładał przyjaźń nad koronę polską. Illustrations by Henry Archacki.</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="1916691">
                <text> Co Józef Piasecki zjadł w godzinie. Illustrations by Henry Archacki.</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="1916692">
                <text> [Mamo! Czy ja mogę zjeść kilka liter?] Alfabet przysmakiem dzieci polskich. Illustrations by Henry Archacki.</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="1916694">
                <text>Leszek Biały preferred friendship to the Polish crown. Illustrations by Henry Archacki.</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="1916695">
                <text> What Józef Piasecki ate in an hour. Illustrations by Henry Archacki.</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="1916696">
                <text> [Mom! Can I eat a few letters?] Alphabet, a treat for Polish children. Illustrations by Henry Archacki.</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="1918431">
                <text> Kazimierz Kucharski, szampion polskich biegaczy średniodystansowych w karykaturze. Illustrations by Henry Archacki.</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="1918432">
                <text> Kazimierz Kucharski, the champion of the Polish middle-distance runners in caricature. Illustrations by Henry Archacki.</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="1918433">
                <text>A vintage illustrated newspaper page with multiple drawings and short captions. The top left illustration shows people entering a building where food is being served. The top right illustration depicts a person at a table with food. The bottom left shows children interacting with letters of the alphabet. The bottom right has a portrait of a person with accompanying text. Additional decorative text and captions are included throughout the page. Illustrations by Henry Archacki.</text>
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                <text>The description and alternative text may have been partially generated using an AI tool and may contain errors or omissions. </text>
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  <item itemId="4174" public="1" featured="0">
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                    <text>Polish illustrated newspaper page from 1930 with drawings of a gathering in a decorated room, a chapel interior with a reliquary, and a boxer</text>
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                  <text>Henryk Archacki, 1907-1988, a Polish immigrant, journalist and well-known graphic artist, drew weekly cartoons for Polish-language newspapers for over 20 years. With his wife, he researched current events, sports, literature, and historical curiosities, and presented them in these factoid cartoons, with a strong flavor of pride in being Polish. This syndicated series was entitled “Czy wiecie, że…” (“Do you know that…”).&#13;
&#13;
In the mid-20th century, Polish Americans were simultaneously assimilating and realizing a new pride in their heritage, as Poland arose after World War I from over a century of partition. An unknown Buffalo subscriber clipped the cartoons in this collection from Buffalo’s Dziennik dla Wszystkich (Everybody’s Daily) from 1931 to 1952 and saved them in scrapbooks; the scrapbooks were recently acquired by Steven Piwowar and donated to UB’s Polish Collection. Mixing serious and light content, Archacki both enlightened and entertained his beloved Polonia.&#13;
&#13;
The first 200 cartoons of the total 1007 are presented here. All of the cartoons have been digitized, and we hope to obtain enough funds to complete the online collection soon. Visit Giving to UB for information on how to donate to the Polish Room Collection fund.&#13;
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                <elementText elementTextId="13559">
                  <text>Dziennik dia Wszystkich = Everybody's Daily</text>
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                <elementText elementTextId="13560">
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                <text>Chopin and his forecast</text>
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          <element elementId="43">
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              <elementText elementTextId="60718">
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            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
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            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="60719">
                <text>Archacki, Henry, 1907-1998</text>
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          </element>
          <element elementId="40">
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              <elementText elementTextId="60720">
                <text>1933</text>
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          <element elementId="49">
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            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="60729">
                <text>Chopin, Frédéric, 1810-1849</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="60730">
                <text> Castel Gandolfo (Italy)</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="60731">
                <text> Klick, Frankie, 1907-1982</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="1867137">
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              <elementText elementTextId="1866355">
                <text>Dziennik dia Wszystkich = Everybody's Daily</text>
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                <text>State University of New York at Buffalo. University Libraries. Polish Room. </text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="1866735">
                <text>State University of New York at Buffalo. University Libraries</text>
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            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="1866936">
                <text>image/jpeg</text>
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            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="1906199">
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            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
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                <text>Chopin przeczuł swoją śmierć na obcej ziemi. Illustrations by Henry Archacki.</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="1916700">
                <text> Ciekawe szczegóły z wystawy dwóch polskich artystów. Illustrations by Henry Archacki.</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="1916701">
                <text> Freski polskie w kaplicy papieskiej. Illustrations by Henry Archacki.</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="1916703">
                <text>Chopin foresaw his death on a foreign land. Illustrations by Henry Archacki.</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="1916704">
                <text> Interesting details from the exhibit of two Polish artists. Illustrations by Henry Archacki.</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="1916705">
                <text> Polish frescos in the papal chapel. Illustrations by Henry Archacki.</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="1916707">
                <text>The page is from a Polish illustrated publication dated 15–20 February 1930. It features three illustrated sections with captions. The top illustration shows a group of people gathered around a central figure inside a decorated room with bookshelves, windows, and paintings. The middle illustration depicts an ornate chapel interior with an urn or reliquary displayed in a glass case. The bottom right illustration shows a boxer in fighting stance with a caption identifying him as Przemyslaw Salicki, a Polish featherweight boxing champion. The title at the top reads "Czy Wiecie Ze," which translates to "Did You Know That.". Illustrations by Henry Archacki.</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="1918434">
                <text> Frankie Klick poważnym pretendentem do mistrzostwa lekkiej wagi. Illustrations by Henry Archacki.</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="1918435">
                <text> Frankie Klick, a serious contender in the featherweight boxing championship. Illustrations by Henry Archacki.</text>
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                <text>The description and alternative text may have been partially generated using an AI tool and may contain errors or omissions. </text>
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                  <text>Henryk Archacki, 1907-1988, a Polish immigrant, journalist and well-known graphic artist, drew weekly cartoons for Polish-language newspapers for over 20 years. With his wife, he researched current events, sports, literature, and historical curiosities, and presented them in these factoid cartoons, with a strong flavor of pride in being Polish. This syndicated series was entitled “Czy wiecie, że…” (“Do you know that…”).&#13;
&#13;
In the mid-20th century, Polish Americans were simultaneously assimilating and realizing a new pride in their heritage, as Poland arose after World War I from over a century of partition. An unknown Buffalo subscriber clipped the cartoons in this collection from Buffalo’s Dziennik dla Wszystkich (Everybody’s Daily) from 1931 to 1952 and saved them in scrapbooks; the scrapbooks were recently acquired by Steven Piwowar and donated to UB’s Polish Collection. Mixing serious and light content, Archacki both enlightened and entertained his beloved Polonia.&#13;
&#13;
The first 200 cartoons of the total 1007 are presented here. All of the cartoons have been digitized, and we hope to obtain enough funds to complete the online collection soon. Visit Giving to UB for information on how to donate to the Polish Room Collection fund.&#13;
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                <text>Tallest tree in Poland</text>
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          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
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              <elementText elementTextId="60696">
                <text>Archacki, Henry, 1907-1998</text>
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          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
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              <elementText elementTextId="60697">
                <text>1933</text>
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                <text>Kościuszko, Tadeusz, 1746-1817</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="60707">
                <text> Limanowski, Bolesław, 1835-1935</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="60708">
                <text> Kraszewski, Clarence</text>
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            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="60712">
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              <elementText elementTextId="1867138">
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          </element>
          <element elementId="48">
            <name>Source</name>
            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="1866357">
                <text>Dziennik dia Wszystkich = Everybody's Daily</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="1866358">
                <text>State University of New York at Buffalo. University Libraries. Polish Room. </text>
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            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="45">
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            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="1866736">
                <text>State University of New York at Buffalo. University Libraries</text>
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          </element>
          <element elementId="42">
            <name>Format</name>
            <description>The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="1866937">
                <text>image/jpeg</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="105">
            <name>Is Part Of</name>
            <description>A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included.</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
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                <text>Archacki Cartoons. LIB-ASL003</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="1867540">
                <text>Archacki cartoon collection scrapbooks. MS-0180</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="44">
            <name>Language</name>
            <description>A language of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="1867741">
                <text>pol</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="47">
            <name>Rights</name>
            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="1906200">
                <text>&lt;a href=""&gt;IN COPYRIGHT&lt;/a&gt;. This Item is protected by copyright and/or related rights. You are free to use this Item in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. For other uses you need to obtain permission from the rights-holder(s).</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="1916708">
                <text>[Monsieur Le Baron Bieda] Tadeusz Kościuszko był znany jako Monsieur Le Baron Bieda. Illustrations by Henry Archacki.</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="1916709">
                <text> Njawyższe drzewo w Polsce. Illustrations by Henry Archacki.</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="1916710">
                <text> [1834-1935] Bolesław Limanowski, najstarszy senator w historji polskiej. Illustrations by Henry Archacki.</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="1916712">
                <text>[Monsieur Le Baron Poverty] Tadeusz Kościuszko was known as Monsieur Le Baron Poverty. Illustrations by Henry Archacki.</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="1916713">
                <text> The tallest tree in Poland. Illustrations by Henry Archacki.</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="1916714">
                <text> [1834-1935] Bolesław Limanowski, the oldest senator in the Polish history. Illustrations by Henry Archacki.</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="1918436">
                <text> Clarence Kraszewski, młody szachista gra przeciw 100 oponentom jednocześnie. Illustrations by Henry Archacki.</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="1918437">
                <text> Clarence Kraszewski, a young chess player plays against 100 opponents at the same time. Illustrations by Henry Archacki.</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="1918438">
                <text>The page appears to be from a Polish illustrated publication dated 1935, containing a series of drawings with captions. The top illustration shows several people in formal attire conversing in a decorated interior, with a caption identifying one of them as “Le Baron Biede. To the right, there is a drawing of a very tall tree, labeled as the tallest tree in Poland. The lower left illustration depicts an elderly person with a long beard, accompanied by the years 1834 and 1935 and identified as Boleslaw Limanowski, a long-serving senator in Polish history. The bottom right shows a younger person seated at a desk with text about a student who won a mathematics competition. Illustrations by Henry Archacki.</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="1982229">
                <text>The description and alternative text may have been partially generated using an AI tool and may contain errors or omissions. </text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
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      </elementSet>
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  <item itemId="4172" public="1" featured="0">
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              <element elementId="41">
                <name>Description</name>
                <description>An account of the resource</description>
                <elementTextContainer>
                  <elementText elementTextId="1862562">
                    <text>Page from a 1935 Polish illustrated magazine with drawings of a coastal landscape and map of Haiti, a historical figure associated with trigonometry, and an athlete in a crouched starting pose</text>
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            </elementContainer>
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                  <text>Henryk Archacki, 1907-1988, a Polish immigrant, journalist and well-known graphic artist, drew weekly cartoons for Polish-language newspapers for over 20 years. With his wife, he researched current events, sports, literature, and historical curiosities, and presented them in these factoid cartoons, with a strong flavor of pride in being Polish. This syndicated series was entitled “Czy wiecie, że…” (“Do you know that…”).&#13;
&#13;
In the mid-20th century, Polish Americans were simultaneously assimilating and realizing a new pride in their heritage, as Poland arose after World War I from over a century of partition. An unknown Buffalo subscriber clipped the cartoons in this collection from Buffalo’s Dziennik dla Wszystkich (Everybody’s Daily) from 1931 to 1952 and saved them in scrapbooks; the scrapbooks were recently acquired by Steven Piwowar and donated to UB’s Polish Collection. Mixing serious and light content, Archacki both enlightened and entertained his beloved Polonia.&#13;
&#13;
The first 200 cartoons of the total 1007 are presented here. All of the cartoons have been digitized, and we hope to obtain enough funds to complete the online collection soon. Visit Giving to UB for information on how to donate to the Polish Room Collection fund.&#13;
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              <name>Creator</name>
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                  <text>Archacki, Henry, 1907-1998</text>
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                  <text>Dziennik dia Wszystkich = Everybody's Daily</text>
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                <elementText elementTextId="13560">
                  <text>State University of New York at Buffalo. University Libraries. Polish Room</text>
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          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="60665">
                <text>Polish legions in Haiti</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="43">
            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="60669">
                <text>bk03_pg0177</text>
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            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="60670">
                <text>Archacki, Henry, 1907-1998</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="60671">
                <text>1933</text>
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          </element>
          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="60680">
                <text>Haiti</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="60681">
                <text> Poland. Legiony Polskie</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="60682">
                <text> Napoleon I, Emperor of the French, 1769-1821</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="60683">
                <text> Copernicus, Nicolaus, 1473-1543</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="60684">
                <text> Żeromski, Stefan, 1864-1925</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="60685">
                <text> Bialas, Valentine, 1903-1965</text>
              </elementText>
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            <name>Type</name>
            <description>The nature or genre of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="60689">
                <text>Image</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="1867139">
                <text> </text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="48">
            <name>Source</name>
            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="1866359">
                <text>Dziennik dia Wszystkich = Everybody's Daily</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="1866360">
                <text>State University of New York at Buffalo. University Libraries. Polish Room. </text>
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          </element>
          <element elementId="45">
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            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="1866737">
                <text>State University of New York at Buffalo. University Libraries</text>
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            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="42">
            <name>Format</name>
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            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="1866938">
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          <element elementId="105">
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            <elementTextContainer>
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                <text>Archacki Cartoons. LIB-ASL003</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="1867541">
                <text>Archacki cartoon collection scrapbooks. MS-0180</text>
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            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="44">
            <name>Language</name>
            <description>A language of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="1867742">
                <text>pol</text>
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          </element>
          <element elementId="47">
            <name>Rights</name>
            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="1906201">
                <text>&lt;a href=""&gt;IN COPYRIGHT&lt;/a&gt;. This Item is protected by copyright and/or related rights. You are free to use this Item in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. For other uses you need to obtain permission from the rights-holder(s).</text>
              </elementText>
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          </element>
          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="1916717">
                <text>Potomkowie legjonów polskich z czasów Napoleona na wyspie Haiti. Illustrations by Henry Archacki.</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="1916718">
                <text> [Trygonometrja] Kopernik wynalazcą-trygonometrji. Illustrations by Henry Archacki.</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="1916719">
                <text> O nazwie parku narodowego im. Stefana Żeromskiego. Illustrations by Henry Archacki.</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="1916721">
                <text>The descendants of the Polish Legions from the time of Napoleon on the island of Haiti. Illustrations by Henry Archacki.</text>
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                <text> [Trigonometry] Copernicus the inventor of Trigonometry. Illustrations by Henry Archacki.</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="1916723">
                <text> About the name of Stefan Żeromski National Park. Illustrations by Henry Archacki.</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="1918439">
                <text> Walenty Białas, mistrz sportu łyżwiarskiego, stracił nogę. Illustrations by Henry Archacki.</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="1918440">
                <text> Walenty Białas, the champion in skating, lost his leg. Illustrations by Henry Archacki.</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="1918441">
                <text>The page is from a Polish illustrated publication dated February 20, 1935, under the title Czy Wiecie Ze ("Did You Know"). It features three separate illustrations accompanied by text. The top left shows a coastal landscape with palm trees, mountains, and a small figure walking along the shore, with an inset map of Haiti above it. The top right illustration depicts a historical figure at a desk, labeled with the word "Trygonometrja" (Trigonometry). The bottom right illustration shows a person in athletic clothing in a crouched stance, appearing ready for a sprint. Captions provide additional context for each illustration. Illustrations by Henry Archacki.</text>
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&#13;
In the mid-20th century, Polish Americans were simultaneously assimilating and realizing a new pride in their heritage, as Poland arose after World War I from over a century of partition. An unknown Buffalo subscriber clipped the cartoons in this collection from Buffalo’s Dziennik dla Wszystkich (Everybody’s Daily) from 1931 to 1952 and saved them in scrapbooks; the scrapbooks were recently acquired by Steven Piwowar and donated to UB’s Polish Collection. Mixing serious and light content, Archacki both enlightened and entertained his beloved Polonia.&#13;
&#13;
The first 200 cartoons of the total 1007 are presented here. All of the cartoons have been digitized, and we hope to obtain enough funds to complete the online collection soon. Visit Giving to UB for information on how to donate to the Polish Room Collection fund.&#13;
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                <text>Archacki, Henry, 1907-1998</text>
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                <text>John III Sobieski, King of Poland, 1629-1696</text>
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                <text> Gettysburg, Battle of, Gettysburg, Pa., 1863</text>
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                <text> Stanisław II August, King of Poland, 1732-1798</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="1866361">
                <text>Dziennik dia Wszystkich = Everybody's Daily</text>
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                <text>State University of New York at Buffalo. University Libraries. Polish Room. </text>
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                <text>State University of New York at Buffalo. University Libraries</text>
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                <text>image/jpeg</text>
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                <text>Archacki Cartoons. LIB-ASL003</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="1867542">
                <text>Archacki cartoon collection scrapbooks. MS-0180</text>
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          <element elementId="44">
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          <element elementId="47">
            <name>Rights</name>
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            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="1906202">
                <text>&lt;a href=""&gt;IN COPYRIGHT&lt;/a&gt;. This Item is protected by copyright and/or related rights. You are free to use this Item in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. For other uses you need to obtain permission from the rights-holder(s).</text>
              </elementText>
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          </element>
          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                <text>Potomek króla Jana III walczył pod Gettysburgiem. Illustrations by Henry Archacki.</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="1916727">
                <text> Siedem par bliźniąt w jednej polskiej szkole. Illustrations by Henry Archacki.</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="1916728">
                <text> Król Stanisław August naprowadził Francuzów do jedzenia zupy cebulowej. Illustrations by Henry Archacki.</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="1916730">
                <text>King Jan III's descendant fought at Gettysburg. Illustrations by Henry Archacki.</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="1916731">
                <text> Seven pairs of twins in one Polish school. Illustrations by Henry Archacki.</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="1916732">
                <text> King Stanisław August led the French to eat onion soup. Illustrations by Henry Archacki.</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="1918442">
                <text> [Stanisław Sieja] Polak, mistrzem Ameryki w fechtunku. Illustrations by Henry Archacki.</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="1918443">
                <text> [Stanisław Sieja] A Pole, America's champion in fencing. Illustrations by Henry Archacki.</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="1918444">
                <text>Uwaga-Specjalna gwiazdkowa pamiątka dla czytelników działu "Czy wiecie, że"- tylko nadeślijcie adres i markie 3 centową na przesyłkę do-Henryk Archacki-361 Fourth St., Brooklyn, N.Y. Illustrations by Henry Archacki.</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="1918445">
                <text>Attention-A special Christmas token for the readers of the "Do you know that" section-send only your address and a 3 cent stamp to-Henryk Archacki-361 Fourth St., Brooklyn, N.Y. Illustrations by Henry Archacki.</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="1918446">
                <text>A vintage illustrated newspaper page in Polish containing several black-and-white drawings and captions. The upper left section depicts a battle scene with soldiers, cannons, and fallen figures, referencing the Battle of Gettysburg. The upper right shows a group of students lined up outside a building, with a caption mentioning Polish schools. The lower left illustrates a detailed scientific or anatomical diagram involving human figures and labeled parts. The lower right features a portrait sketch of a person identified as Stanislaw Sieja, with accompanying text. Illustrations by Henry Archacki.</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="1982231">
                <text>The description and alternative text may have been partially generated using an AI tool and may contain errors or omissions. </text>
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  <item itemId="4170" public="1" featured="0">
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                    <text>Illustrated Polish newspaper page from 1935 featuring Marcella Sembrich Kochanska with surrounding vignette scenes</text>
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                  <text>Henryk Archacki, 1907-1988, a Polish immigrant, journalist and well-known graphic artist, drew weekly cartoons for Polish-language newspapers for over 20 years. With his wife, he researched current events, sports, literature, and historical curiosities, and presented them in these factoid cartoons, with a strong flavor of pride in being Polish. This syndicated series was entitled “Czy wiecie, że…” (“Do you know that…”).&#13;
&#13;
In the mid-20th century, Polish Americans were simultaneously assimilating and realizing a new pride in their heritage, as Poland arose after World War I from over a century of partition. An unknown Buffalo subscriber clipped the cartoons in this collection from Buffalo’s Dziennik dla Wszystkich (Everybody’s Daily) from 1931 to 1952 and saved them in scrapbooks; the scrapbooks were recently acquired by Steven Piwowar and donated to UB’s Polish Collection. Mixing serious and light content, Archacki both enlightened and entertained his beloved Polonia.&#13;
&#13;
The first 200 cartoons of the total 1007 are presented here. All of the cartoons have been digitized, and we hope to obtain enough funds to complete the online collection soon. Visit Giving to UB for information on how to donate to the Polish Room Collection fund.&#13;
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            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
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                <text>Polish opera singer</text>
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          <element elementId="43">
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            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="60612">
                <text>bk03_pg0175</text>
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          </element>
          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
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          </element>
          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="60614">
                <text>1933</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="60631">
                <text>Sembrich, Marcella, 1858-1935</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="60632">
                <text> London (England)</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="60633">
                <text> New York (N.Y.)</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
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            <description>The nature or genre of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="60637">
                <text>Image</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="1867141">
                <text> </text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="48">
            <name>Source</name>
            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="1866363">
                <text>Dziennik dia Wszystkich = Everybody's Daily</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="1866364">
                <text>State University of New York at Buffalo. University Libraries. Polish Room. </text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="45">
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            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="1866739">
                <text>State University of New York at Buffalo. University Libraries</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="1866940">
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            <name>Is Part Of</name>
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            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="1867342">
                <text>Archacki Cartoons. LIB-ASL003</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="1867543">
                <text>Archacki cartoon collection scrapbooks. MS-0180</text>
              </elementText>
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          </element>
          <element elementId="44">
            <name>Language</name>
            <description>A language of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="1867744">
                <text>pol</text>
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          </element>
          <element elementId="47">
            <name>Rights</name>
            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="1906203">
                <text>&lt;a href=""&gt;IN COPYRIGHT&lt;/a&gt;. This Item is protected by copyright and/or related rights. You are free to use this Item in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. For other uses you need to obtain permission from the rights-holder(s).</text>
              </elementText>
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          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="1916737">
                <text>Marcella Sembrich Kochańska [15 lutego 1858, rozpoczyna studja w 4-tym roku życia. Illustrations by Henry Archacki.</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="1916738">
                <text> daje pierwszy koncert mając lat 10. Illustrations by Henry Archacki.</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="1916739">
                <text> otrzymuje wskazówki od Liszta. Illustrations by Henry Archacki.</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="1916740">
                <text> występuje poraz pierwszy w Londynie i New Yorku w r. 1880-1883. Illustrations by Henry Archacki.</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="1916741">
                <text> żegna scenę operową w roku 1909. Illustrations by Henry Archacki.</text>
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                <text> Dusolina Giannini, Alma Gluck, Quenna Mario, Ethyl Hayden, Karolina Urbanek: uczennice jej zdobywją sławę. Illustrations by Henry Archacki.</text>
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                <text>Marcella Sembrich Kochańska [15th of February 1858, begins studies at the age of 4. Illustrations by Henry Archacki.</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="1916746">
                <text> gives the first concert at the age of 10. Illustrations by Henry Archacki.</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="1916747">
                <text> gets advice from Liszt. Illustrations by Henry Archacki.</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="1916748">
                <text> performs for the first time in London and New York in 1880-1883. Illustrations by Henry Archacki.</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="1916749">
                <text> says goodbye to the opera stage in 1909. Illustrations by Henry Archacki.</text>
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                <text> Dusolina Giannini, Alma Gluck, Quenna Mario, Ethyl Hayden, Karolina Urbanek: her students make a name for themselves. Illustrations by Henry Archacki.</text>
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  ". Illustrations by Henry Archacki.</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="1918447">
                <text> przwodnicząca Amer. Pol. Kom. Ratunk. w N.Y. Illustrations by Henry Archacki.</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="1918448">
                <text> 11 stycznia 1935]. Illustrations by Henry Archacki.</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="1918449">
                <text> the president of the Am. Pol. Rescue Com. in N.Y. Illustrations by Henry Archacki.</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="1918450">
                <text> 11th of January 1935]. Illustrations by Henry Archacki.</text>
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&#13;
In the mid-20th century, Polish Americans were simultaneously assimilating and realizing a new pride in their heritage, as Poland arose after World War I from over a century of partition. An unknown Buffalo subscriber clipped the cartoons in this collection from Buffalo’s Dziennik dla Wszystkich (Everybody’s Daily) from 1931 to 1952 and saved them in scrapbooks; the scrapbooks were recently acquired by Steven Piwowar and donated to UB’s Polish Collection. Mixing serious and light content, Archacki both enlightened and entertained his beloved Polonia.&#13;
&#13;
The first 200 cartoons of the total 1007 are presented here. All of the cartoons have been digitized, and we hope to obtain enough funds to complete the online collection soon. Visit Giving to UB for information on how to donate to the Polish Room Collection fund.&#13;
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                <text>Pułtusk (Poland)</text>
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                <text> Gdynia (Poland)</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="60599">
                <text> Conrad, Joseph, 1857-1924</text>
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                <text> Columbus, Christopher</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="60601">
                <text> Risko, Babe, 1911-1957</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="60602">
                <text> Yarosz, Teddy, 1910-1974</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="1866365">
                <text>Dziennik dia Wszystkich = Everybody's Daily</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="1866740">
                <text>State University of New York at Buffalo. University Libraries</text>
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          </element>
          <element elementId="42">
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                <text>image/jpeg</text>
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                <text>Archacki Cartoons. LIB-ASL003</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="1867544">
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          <element elementId="44">
            <name>Language</name>
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          </element>
          <element elementId="47">
            <name>Rights</name>
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            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="1906204">
                <text>&lt;a href=""&gt;IN COPYRIGHT&lt;/a&gt;. This Item is protected by copyright and/or related rights. You are free to use this Item in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. For other uses you need to obtain permission from the rights-holder(s).</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                <text>100,000 meteorów padło na polskie miasto w ciągu kilku minut. Illustrations by Henry Archacki.</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="1916755">
                <text> Stary dąb spogląda na młode miasto. Illustrations by Henry Archacki.</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="1916756">
                <text> Okręt pod nazwą "Joseph Conrad" kroczy śladami Kolumbusa. Illustrations by Henry Archacki.</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="1916758">
                <text>100,000 meteorites fell on a Polish city in a couple of minutes. Illustrations by Henry Archacki.</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="1916759">
                <text> An old oak looks at a young city. Illustrations by Henry Archacki.</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="1916760">
                <text> A ship named "Joseph Conrad" follows in Columbus' footsteps. Illustrations by Henry Archacki.</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="1918451">
                <text> Henryk Pyłkowski, polski pięściarz zdobywa sławę przez zwycięstwo nad Jaroszem. Illustrations by Henry Archacki.</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="1918452">
                <text> Henryk Pyłkowski, a Polish boxer makes a name for himself through the victory over Jarosz. Illustrations by Henry Archacki.</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="1918453">
                <text>The image is a black-and-white illustrated newspaper page titled "Czy Wiecie Ze." It contains multiple drawings with captions. In the upper left, a cityscape shows a tall clock tower with streaks across the sky, suggesting a meteor shower. To the right, there is a drawing of a large tree with buildings and a street around it. Below on the left, there are two sailing ships in the water. At the bottom right, there is a portrait of a person with short hair wearing a light garment, next to text. Illustrations by Henry Archacki.</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="1982233">
                <text>The description and alternative text may have been partially generated using an AI tool and may contain errors or omissions. </text>
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  <item itemId="4168" public="1" featured="0">
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                    <text>Illustrated newspaper page with panels showing soldiers, people marching, a person carrying a sack, and figures playing baseball</text>
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&#13;
In the mid-20th century, Polish Americans were simultaneously assimilating and realizing a new pride in their heritage, as Poland arose after World War I from over a century of partition. An unknown Buffalo subscriber clipped the cartoons in this collection from Buffalo’s Dziennik dla Wszystkich (Everybody’s Daily) from 1931 to 1952 and saved them in scrapbooks; the scrapbooks were recently acquired by Steven Piwowar and donated to UB’s Polish Collection. Mixing serious and light content, Archacki both enlightened and entertained his beloved Polonia.&#13;
&#13;
The first 200 cartoons of the total 1007 are presented here. All of the cartoons have been digitized, and we hope to obtain enough funds to complete the online collection soon. Visit Giving to UB for information on how to donate to the Polish Room Collection fund.&#13;
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                  <text>Dziennik dia Wszystkich = Everybody's Daily</text>
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          <element elementId="43">
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              <elementText elementTextId="60563">
                <text>bk03_pg0173</text>
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          </element>
          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
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              <elementText elementTextId="60564">
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                <text>1933</text>
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          <element elementId="49">
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              <elementText elementTextId="60574">
                <text>Barska konfederacja</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="60575">
                <text> Pułaski, Kazimierz, 1747-1779</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="60576">
                <text> Kiepura, Jan, 1902-1966</text>
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            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="1866367">
                <text>Dziennik dia Wszystkich = Everybody's Daily</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="1866741">
                <text>State University of New York at Buffalo. University Libraries</text>
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          <element elementId="47">
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            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="1906205">
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                <text>Żołnierze polscy w mundurach rosyjskich. Illustrations by Henry Archacki.</text>
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                <text> Pochodzenie słów polskich: "wywłoka". Illustrations by Henry Archacki.</text>
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                <text> Jan Kiepura śpiewa operę na ulicy. Illustrations by Henry Archacki.</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="1916767">
                <text>Polish soldiers in Russian uniforms. Illustrations by Henry Archacki.</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="1916768">
                <text> The origin of Polish words: "wywłoka". Illustrations by Henry Archacki.</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="1916769">
                <text> Jan Kiepura sings opera on the street. Illustrations by Henry Archacki.</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="1918454">
                <text> Gra w "baseball" znana w Polsce przeszło 100 lat. Illustrations by Henry Archacki.</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="1918455">
                <text> The game of baseball known in Poland for over 100 years. Illustrations by Henry Archacki.</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="1918456">
                <text>The page is a black-and-white illustrated newspaper or magazine print titled "Czy Wiecie Ze" at the top. The layout contains multiple panels with captions. The top left panel shows soldiers in uniform with cannons, smoke, and a walled city in the background. The top right panel has two small sections: one labeled "POCHODZENIE SÅÓW POLSKICH" showing a person pointing to a building, and below it "WYWOÅKA" with a figure carrying a sack. The bottom left panel depicts a large group of people gathered and moving along a street with a banner. The bottom right panel shows several figures playing baseball on an open field. Text captions are placed under each panel, explaining the scenes. Illustrations by Henry Archacki.</text>
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                    <text>Illustrated Polish newspaper page from 1934 with drawings of Kraków’s St. Mary’s Basilica, sculptor Wit Stwosz, a billiard player, and a chess player</text>
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                  <text>Henryk Archacki, 1907-1988, a Polish immigrant, journalist and well-known graphic artist, drew weekly cartoons for Polish-language newspapers for over 20 years. With his wife, he researched current events, sports, literature, and historical curiosities, and presented them in these factoid cartoons, with a strong flavor of pride in being Polish. This syndicated series was entitled “Czy wiecie, że…” (“Do you know that…”).&#13;
&#13;
In the mid-20th century, Polish Americans were simultaneously assimilating and realizing a new pride in their heritage, as Poland arose after World War I from over a century of partition. An unknown Buffalo subscriber clipped the cartoons in this collection from Buffalo’s Dziennik dla Wszystkich (Everybody’s Daily) from 1931 to 1952 and saved them in scrapbooks; the scrapbooks were recently acquired by Steven Piwowar and donated to UB’s Polish Collection. Mixing serious and light content, Archacki both enlightened and entertained his beloved Polonia.&#13;
&#13;
The first 200 cartoons of the total 1007 are presented here. All of the cartoons have been digitized, and we hope to obtain enough funds to complete the online collection soon. Visit Giving to UB for information on how to donate to the Polish Room Collection fund.&#13;
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                <text>Archacki, Henry, 1907-1998</text>
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          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
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              <elementText elementTextId="60541">
                <text>1933</text>
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          <element elementId="49">
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                <text>Ratusz Krakowski (Kraków, Poland)</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="60551">
                <text> Stoss, Veit, d. 1533</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="60552">
                <text> Paderewski, Ignace Jan, 1860-1941</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="60553">
                <text> Nagurski, Bronko, 1908-1990</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="60557">
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              <elementText elementTextId="1867144">
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            <name>Source</name>
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            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="1866369">
                <text>Dziennik dia Wszystkich = Everybody's Daily</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="1866370">
                <text>State University of New York at Buffalo. University Libraries. Polish Room. </text>
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          <element elementId="45">
            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="1866742">
                <text>State University of New York at Buffalo. University Libraries</text>
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          <element elementId="42">
            <name>Format</name>
            <description>The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="1866943">
                <text>image/jpeg</text>
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            <name>Is Part Of</name>
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            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="1867345">
                <text>Archacki Cartoons. LIB-ASL003</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="1867546">
                <text>Archacki cartoon collection scrapbooks. MS-0180</text>
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          </element>
          <element elementId="44">
            <name>Language</name>
            <description>A language of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="1867747">
                <text>pol</text>
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          </element>
          <element elementId="47">
            <name>Rights</name>
            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="1906206">
                <text>&lt;a href=""&gt;IN COPYRIGHT&lt;/a&gt;. This Item is protected by copyright and/or related rights. You are free to use this Item in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. For other uses you need to obtain permission from the rights-holder(s).</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="1916772">
                <text>[Stary zegar na wieży ratuszowej w Krakowie] W dawnej Polsce nowy rok przypadał w dzien 25 grudnia. Illustrations by Henry Archacki.</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="1916773">
                <text> Sławni w narodzie polskim: Wit Stwosz ur. r. 1438, um. r 1533. Illustrations by Henry Archacki.</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="1916774">
                <text> Mistrz Paderewski znakomitym graczem w bilard. Illustrations by Henry Archacki.</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="1916776">
                <text>[The old clock on the city hall tower in Krakow] In the old Poland the new year happened to fall on the 25th of December. Illustrations by Henry Archacki.</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="1916777">
                <text> Famous in the Polish nation: Wit Stwosz born in 1438, died in 1533. Illustrations by Henry Archacki.</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="1916778">
                <text> Master Paderewski a superb pool player. Illustrations by Henry Archacki.</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="1918457">
                <text> [Nieznam lepszego] "Bronko" Nagurski, Polak, najlepszym graczem w Football na świecie. Illustrations by Henry Archacki.</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="1918458">
                <text> [I don't know better] "Bronko" Nagurski, a Pole, the best football player in the world. Illustrations by Henry Archacki.</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="1918459">
                <text>The image is a page from a Polish illustrated publication dated Saturday, December 29, 1934. It features a series of drawings accompanied by short texts under the title "Czy Wiecie Ze" (Did You Know). The top left drawing shows St. Mary’s Basilica in Kraków with figures walking nearby. The top right drawing depicts a sculptor with tools, identified as Wit Stwosz (Veit Stoss), active in the 15th century. The bottom left drawing shows a person playing billiards at a table, labeled as a billiard master. The bottom right drawing illustrates a chess player at a board, described as a Polish chess champion. Illustrations by Henry Archacki.</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="1982235">
                <text>The description and alternative text may have been partially generated using an AI tool and may contain errors or omissions. </text>
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  <item itemId="4166" public="1" featured="0">
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                <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                    <text>Illustrated 1934 Polish newspaper page with drawings of people, a bell, a swimmer, and captions</text>
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                  <text>Henryk Archacki, 1907-1988, a Polish immigrant, journalist and well-known graphic artist, drew weekly cartoons for Polish-language newspapers for over 20 years. With his wife, he researched current events, sports, literature, and historical curiosities, and presented them in these factoid cartoons, with a strong flavor of pride in being Polish. This syndicated series was entitled “Czy wiecie, że…” (“Do you know that…”).&#13;
&#13;
In the mid-20th century, Polish Americans were simultaneously assimilating and realizing a new pride in their heritage, as Poland arose after World War I from over a century of partition. An unknown Buffalo subscriber clipped the cartoons in this collection from Buffalo’s Dziennik dla Wszystkich (Everybody’s Daily) from 1931 to 1952 and saved them in scrapbooks; the scrapbooks were recently acquired by Steven Piwowar and donated to UB’s Polish Collection. Mixing serious and light content, Archacki both enlightened and entertained his beloved Polonia.&#13;
&#13;
The first 200 cartoons of the total 1007 are presented here. All of the cartoons have been digitized, and we hope to obtain enough funds to complete the online collection soon. Visit Giving to UB for information on how to donate to the Polish Room Collection fund.&#13;
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                  <text>Archacki, Henry, 1907-1998</text>
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                  <text>Dziennik dia Wszystkich = Everybody's Daily</text>
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                <elementText elementTextId="13560">
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                <elementText elementTextId="13566">
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          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="60509">
                <text>Royal bell</text>
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            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="43">
            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="60513">
                <text>bk03_pg0171</text>
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            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="60514">
                <text>Archacki, Henry, 1907-1998</text>
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            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
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            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="60515">
                <text>1933</text>
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          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="60526">
                <text>Czepiec, Błażej, d. 1934</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="60527">
                <text> Wyspiański, Stanisław, 1869-1907</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="60528">
                <text> Dzwon Zygmunta (Bell)</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="60529">
                <text> Fick, Peter Joseph, 1913-1980</text>
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          <element elementId="51">
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            <description>The nature or genre of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="60533">
                <text>Image</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="1867145">
                <text> </text>
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          </element>
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            <name>Source</name>
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            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="1866371">
                <text>Dziennik dia Wszystkich = Everybody's Daily</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="1866372">
                <text>State University of New York at Buffalo. University Libraries. Polish Room. </text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="45">
            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="1866743">
                <text>State University of New York at Buffalo. University Libraries</text>
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          </element>
          <element elementId="42">
            <name>Format</name>
            <description>The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="1866944">
                <text>image/jpeg</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="1867346">
                <text>Archacki Cartoons. LIB-ASL003</text>
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                <text>Archacki cartoon collection scrapbooks. MS-0180</text>
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          <element elementId="44">
            <name>Language</name>
            <description>A language of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="1867748">
                <text>pol</text>
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          </element>
          <element elementId="47">
            <name>Rights</name>
            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="1906207">
                <text>&lt;a href=""&gt;IN COPYRIGHT&lt;/a&gt;. This Item is protected by copyright and/or related rights. You are free to use this Item in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. For other uses you need to obtain permission from the rights-holder(s).</text>
              </elementText>
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          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="1916781">
                <text>[Błażej Czepiec, Stanisław Wyspiański] Zgon Błażeja Czepca, którego Wyspiański uwiecznił w "Weselu". Illustrations by Henry Archacki.</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="1916782">
                <text> Do poruszania Dzwonu Zygmunta potrzeba było 8 ludzi. Illustrations by Henry Archacki.</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="1916783">
                <text> Peter Fick, Polak pobił rekord światowy w pływaniu. Illustrations by Henry Archacki.</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="1916785">
                <text>[Błażej Czepiec, Stanisław Wyspiański] The death of Błażej Czepiec, who was immortalized in "Wedding". Illustrations by Henry Archacki.</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="1916786">
                <text> 8 people were needed to move Zygmunt's Bell. Illustrations by Henry Archacki.</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="1916787">
                <text> Peter Fick, A Pole won a world record in swimming. Illustrations by Henry Archacki.</text>
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                <text> Życzymy czytelnikom wesołych świąt-Bożego Narodzenia i pomyślnego Nowego Roku. Illustrations by Henry Archacki.</text>
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                <text> We wish the readers Merry Christmas and a Happy New Year. Illustrations by Henry Archacki.</text>
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                <text>Ostatna uwaga-do zdobycia 3cio rocznej gwiazdkowej pamiątki dla czytelników działu "Czy wiecie, że"-nadeślijcie tylko adres i 3c markę na przesyłkę do-Henryk Archacki-361 Fourth St. Brooklyn, N.Y. Illustrations by Henry Archacki.</text>
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                <text>Last attention-to get the 3rd annual Christmas token for the readers of the "Do you know that" section-send only the address and 3c package stamp to-Henryk Archacki-361 Fourth St. Brooklyn, N.Y. Illustrations by Henry Archacki.</text>
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                <text>The image is a black-and-white illustrated newspaper page titled Czy Wiecie Ze from December 1934. It contains several drawings accompanied by text. In the top left is a figure in traditional attire, labeled as Blazej Czepiec. To the right is a village scene with people gathering in front of a building. Below this is a portrait of Stanislaw Wyspianski. On the top right is a large church bell labeled with text. Near the bottom center is a swimmer, Jerzy Kulej, with a note about breaking a world swimming record. In the lower right corner, there is a cartoon-style drawing of a person holding a sign. The page contains multiple captions and handwritten annotations. Illustrations by Henry Archacki.</text>
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&#13;
In the mid-20th century, Polish Americans were simultaneously assimilating and realizing a new pride in their heritage, as Poland arose after World War I from over a century of partition. An unknown Buffalo subscriber clipped the cartoons in this collection from Buffalo’s Dziennik dla Wszystkich (Everybody’s Daily) from 1931 to 1952 and saved them in scrapbooks; the scrapbooks were recently acquired by Steven Piwowar and donated to UB’s Polish Collection. Mixing serious and light content, Archacki both enlightened and entertained his beloved Polonia.&#13;
&#13;
The first 200 cartoons of the total 1007 are presented here. All of the cartoons have been digitized, and we hope to obtain enough funds to complete the online collection soon. Visit Giving to UB for information on how to donate to the Polish Room Collection fund.&#13;
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                <text> Rodak, Mickey</text>
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                <text>Dziennik dia Wszystkich = Everybody's Daily</text>
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                <text>&lt;a href=""&gt;IN COPYRIGHT&lt;/a&gt;. This Item is protected by copyright and/or related rights. You are free to use this Item in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. For other uses you need to obtain permission from the rights-holder(s).</text>
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                <text>Niezwykłe zwycięstwo Polaków na morzu. Illustrations by Henry Archacki.</text>
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                <text> Sławni w narodzie polskim: Maurycy Hr. Beniowski. Illustrations by Henry Archacki.</text>
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                <text> Król Zygmunt III Waza był artysta-malarzem. Illustrations by Henry Archacki.</text>
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                <text>An incredible victory of Poles at sea. Illustrations by Henry Archacki.</text>
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                <text> Famous in the Polish nation: Maurycy Count Beniowski. Illustrations by Henry Archacki.</text>
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                <text> King Zygmunt III Waza was a painter. Illustrations by Henry Archacki.</text>
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                <text>The image is a page from a vintage Polish illustrated newspaper. It features several black-and-white drawings with short captions. In the upper left, there is a scene of ships in battle, with smoke and small boats in the water. To the upper right, there is a circular portrait of a person identified as Maurycy Beniowski. Below, in the center left, a drawing shows a person standing with a paintbrush on stage beside a large canvas. In the bottom right, there is a smiling cartoon face labeled as Mickey Rooney. The page includes Polish text throughout, with the header reading “Czy Wiecie Ze.â€. Illustrations by Henry Archacki.</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="1918465">
                <text> Mickey Rodak, polski cyklista, który jeździ 6-dni i 6-nocy z rzędu. Illustrations by Henry Archacki.</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="1918466">
                <text> Mickey Rodak, a Polish cyclist who rides 6 days and 6 nights in a row. Illustrations by Henry Archacki.</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="1918467">
                <text>Uwaga-Śliczna gwiazdkowa pamiątka dla czytelników działu "Czy wiecie, że"- tylko nadeślijcie adres i markę 3c. Na przesyłkę do-Henryk Archacki-361 Fourth St. Brooklyn, N.Y. Illustrations by Henry Archacki.</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="1918468">
                <text>Attention-A beautiful Christmas token for the readers of the "Do you know that" section-send only your address and a 3c. Stamp to-Henryk Archacki-361 Fourth St., Brooklyn, N.Y. Illustrations by Henry Archacki.</text>
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                <text>The description and alternative text may have been partially generated using an AI tool and may contain errors or omissions. </text>
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&#13;
In the mid-20th century, Polish Americans were simultaneously assimilating and realizing a new pride in their heritage, as Poland arose after World War I from over a century of partition. An unknown Buffalo subscriber clipped the cartoons in this collection from Buffalo’s Dziennik dla Wszystkich (Everybody’s Daily) from 1931 to 1952 and saved them in scrapbooks; the scrapbooks were recently acquired by Steven Piwowar and donated to UB’s Polish Collection. Mixing serious and light content, Archacki both enlightened and entertained his beloved Polonia.&#13;
&#13;
The first 200 cartoons of the total 1007 are presented here. All of the cartoons have been digitized, and we hope to obtain enough funds to complete the online collection soon. Visit Giving to UB for information on how to donate to the Polish Room Collection fund.&#13;
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                <text> Brodzki, Wiktor</text>
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                <text> Kapustka, Bruce, 1908-</text>
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                <text> Kostka, Stan, 1913-1997</text>
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                <text>Dziennik dia Wszystkich = Everybody's Daily</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="1916803">
                <text>[Jan Hr. Potocki] Pierwsze początki balonów w Polsce [Wiktor Brodzki]. Illustrations by Henry Archacki.</text>
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                <text> [Bruce Kapustka, Stan Lee Kapustka] Trzech braci zkomponowało piosenkę na cześć pres. Roosvelta. Illustrations by Henry Archacki.</text>
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                <text>[Jan Ct. Potocki] The first beginnings of hot air balloons in Poland [Wiktor Brodzki]. Illustrations by Henry Archacki.</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="1916807">
                <text> [Bruce Kapustka, Stan Lee Kapustka] Three brothers composed a song in the memory of Pres. Roosevelt. Illustrations by Henry Archacki.</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="1918469">
                <text> Stanley Kostka, najświetniejszy gracz polski tego sezonu. Illustrations by Henry Archacki.</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="1918470">
                <text> Stanley Kostka, the greatest Polish player of this season. Illustrations by Henry Archacki.</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="1918471">
                <text>The page is from an old newspaper showing a collection of illustrated portraits and drawings with Polish text. At the top are illustrations of an early hot air balloon with people holding ropes, a large balloon structure, and portraits of individuals. Additional portraits appear below, including faces accompanied by musical notes and text, suggesting figures related to aviation and music. The layout is divided into panels with both illustrations and captions. Illustrations by Henry Archacki.</text>
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                  <text>Henryk Archacki, 1907-1988, a Polish immigrant, journalist and well-known graphic artist, drew weekly cartoons for Polish-language newspapers for over 20 years. With his wife, he researched current events, sports, literature, and historical curiosities, and presented them in these factoid cartoons, with a strong flavor of pride in being Polish. This syndicated series was entitled “Czy wiecie, że…” (“Do you know that…”).&#13;
&#13;
In the mid-20th century, Polish Americans were simultaneously assimilating and realizing a new pride in their heritage, as Poland arose after World War I from over a century of partition. An unknown Buffalo subscriber clipped the cartoons in this collection from Buffalo’s Dziennik dla Wszystkich (Everybody’s Daily) from 1931 to 1952 and saved them in scrapbooks; the scrapbooks were recently acquired by Steven Piwowar and donated to UB’s Polish Collection. Mixing serious and light content, Archacki both enlightened and entertained his beloved Polonia.&#13;
&#13;
The first 200 cartoons of the total 1007 are presented here. All of the cartoons have been digitized, and we hope to obtain enough funds to complete the online collection soon. Visit Giving to UB for information on how to donate to the Polish Room Collection fund.&#13;
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                  <text>Dziennik dia Wszystkich = Everybody's Daily</text>
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          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="60440">
                <text>Archacki, Henry, 1907-1998</text>
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            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
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              <elementText elementTextId="60441">
                <text>1933</text>
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          <element elementId="49">
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              <elementText elementTextId="60450">
                <text>Bolesław II, King of Poland, 1043-1081</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="60451">
                <text> Władysław II Jagiełło, King of Poland, 1350 or 51-1434</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="60452">
                <text> Lincoln, Abraham, 1809-1865</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="60453">
                <text> Washington Monument (Washington, D.C.)</text>
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          </element>
          <element elementId="51">
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            <description>The nature or genre of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="60457">
                <text>Image</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="1867148">
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          </element>
          <element elementId="48">
            <name>Source</name>
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            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="1866377">
                <text>Dziennik dia Wszystkich = Everybody's Daily</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="1866378">
                <text>State University of New York at Buffalo. University Libraries. Polish Room. </text>
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          </element>
          <element elementId="45">
            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="1866746">
                <text>State University of New York at Buffalo. University Libraries</text>
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            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="42">
            <name>Format</name>
            <description>The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="1866947">
                <text>image/jpeg</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="105">
            <name>Is Part Of</name>
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            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="1867349">
                <text>Archacki Cartoons. LIB-ASL003</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="1867550">
                <text>Archacki cartoon collection scrapbooks. MS-0180</text>
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          </element>
          <element elementId="44">
            <name>Language</name>
            <description>A language of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="1867751">
                <text>pol</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="47">
            <name>Rights</name>
            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="1906210">
                <text>&lt;a href=""&gt;IN COPYRIGHT&lt;/a&gt;. This Item is protected by copyright and/or related rights. You are free to use this Item in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. For other uses you need to obtain permission from the rights-holder(s).</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="1916810">
                <text>Bolesław II. miał zapłacone za każdy krok jego konia. Illustrations by Henry Archacki.</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="1916811">
                <text> Władysław Jagiełło był jeden z 13-stu synów. Illustrations by Henry Archacki.</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="1916812">
                <text> Abraham Lincoln o Polakach. Illustrations by Henry Archacki.</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="1916814">
                <text>Bolesław II. was paid for each of his horse's steps. Illustrations by Henry Archacki.</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="1916815">
                <text> Władysław Jagiełło was one of 13 sons. Illustrations by Henry Archacki.</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="1916816">
                <text> Abraham Lincoln about Poles. Illustrations by Henry Archacki.</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="1918472">
                <text> Polak gra w 'golfa' na Obelisku Waszyngtona. Illustrations by Henry Archacki.</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="1918473">
                <text> A Pole plays golf on the Washington Monument. Illustrations by Henry Archacki.</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="1918474">
                <text>The page is from a Polish newspaper dated November 24, 1934, under the heading "Czy Wiecie Ze" (Did you know that). It features four illustrated panels with short captions. The top left illustration shows a group of riders on horses, with one rider being carried. The top right panel depicts a crowned figure in regal attire, identified as Wladyslaw Jagiello. The bottom left shows two standing figures near a statue of Abraham Lincoln. The bottom right depicts an oil derrick structure with a worker climbing it. Illustrations by Henry Archacki.</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="1982239">
                <text>The description and alternative text may have been partially generated using an AI tool and may contain errors or omissions. </text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
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    </elementSetContainer>
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  <item itemId="4162" public="1" featured="0">
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              <element elementId="41">
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                <description>An account of the resource</description>
                <elementTextContainer>
                  <elementText elementTextId="1862582">
                    <text>Newspaper page with illustrations of a seated figure indoors, a fort structure, a portrait of a person in a suit, and a commemorative plaque with inscriptions</text>
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                </elementTextContainer>
              </element>
            </elementContainer>
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    </fileContainer>
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              <name>Title</name>
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                  <text>Henryk Archacki, 1907-1988, a Polish immigrant, journalist and well-known graphic artist, drew weekly cartoons for Polish-language newspapers for over 20 years. With his wife, he researched current events, sports, literature, and historical curiosities, and presented them in these factoid cartoons, with a strong flavor of pride in being Polish. This syndicated series was entitled “Czy wiecie, że…” (“Do you know that…”).&#13;
&#13;
In the mid-20th century, Polish Americans were simultaneously assimilating and realizing a new pride in their heritage, as Poland arose after World War I from over a century of partition. An unknown Buffalo subscriber clipped the cartoons in this collection from Buffalo’s Dziennik dla Wszystkich (Everybody’s Daily) from 1931 to 1952 and saved them in scrapbooks; the scrapbooks were recently acquired by Steven Piwowar and donated to UB’s Polish Collection. Mixing serious and light content, Archacki both enlightened and entertained his beloved Polonia.&#13;
&#13;
The first 200 cartoons of the total 1007 are presented here. All of the cartoons have been digitized, and we hope to obtain enough funds to complete the online collection soon. Visit Giving to UB for information on how to donate to the Polish Room Collection fund.&#13;
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              <name>Creator</name>
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                <elementText elementTextId="13558">
                  <text>Archacki, Henry, 1907-1998</text>
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                <elementText elementTextId="13559">
                  <text>Dziennik dia Wszystkich = Everybody's Daily</text>
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                <elementText elementTextId="13560">
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            <element elementId="40">
              <name>Date</name>
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                <elementText elementTextId="13562">
                  <text>1931-1934</text>
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              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="13566">
                  <text>LIB-ASL003</text>
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              </elementTextContainer>
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    <itemType itemTypeId="6">
      <name>Still Image</name>
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          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="60412">
                <text>American president and history of Poland</text>
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          </element>
          <element elementId="43">
            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="60416">
                <text>bk03_pg0166</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="60417">
                <text>Archacki, Henry, 1907-1998</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="60418">
                <text>1933</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="60425">
                <text>Adams, John, 1735-1826</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="60426">
                <text> Skiba, Jan</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="60427">
                <text> Pulaski Skyway (N.J.)</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="60428">
                <text> Fort Mifflin (Philadelphia, Pa.)</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="60429">
                <text> Kościuszko, Tadeusz, 1746-1817</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="51">
            <name>Type</name>
            <description>The nature or genre of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="60433">
                <text>Image</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="1867149">
                <text> </text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="48">
            <name>Source</name>
            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="1866379">
                <text>Dziennik dia Wszystkich = Everybody's Daily</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="1866380">
                <text>State University of New York at Buffalo. University Libraries. Polish Room. </text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="45">
            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="1866747">
                <text>State University of New York at Buffalo. University Libraries</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="42">
            <name>Format</name>
            <description>The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="1866948">
                <text>image/jpeg</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="105">
            <name>Is Part Of</name>
            <description>A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included.</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="1867350">
                <text>Archacki Cartoons. LIB-ASL003</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="1867551">
                <text>Archacki cartoon collection scrapbooks. MS-0180</text>
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          </element>
          <element elementId="44">
            <name>Language</name>
            <description>A language of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="1867752">
                <text>pol</text>
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            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="47">
            <name>Rights</name>
            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="1906211">
                <text>&lt;a href=""&gt;IN COPYRIGHT&lt;/a&gt;. This Item is protected by copyright and/or related rights. You are free to use this Item in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. For other uses you need to obtain permission from the rights-holder(s).</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="1916819">
                <text>Prezydent St. Zjed. napisał historję Polski. Illustrations by Henry Archacki.</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="1916820">
                <text> 'Fort Mifflin' zbudowany przez Kościuszkę. Illustrations by Henry Archacki.</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="1916822">
                <text>The president of the United States wrote the history of Poland. Illustrations by Henry Archacki.</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="1916823">
                <text> 'Fort Mifflin' built by Kościuszko. Illustrations by Henry Archacki.</text>
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                <text>A newspaper page from Dziennik dla Wszystkich dated Saturday, November 17, 1934. The page features multiple illustrated panels. In the upper left, a seated figure is depicted indoors with a clock, bookshelf, and window in the background. In the upper right, there is a fort-like structure on elevated ground with steep sides. In the lower left, a portrait of a person in a suit is shown above text, with an industrial scene in the background. In the lower center, a commemorative plaque with a portrait medallion and inscriptions is illustrated. Text in Polish accompanies each panel, including headings such as “Prezydent St. Zjed. Napisal Historie Polski,â€ “Jan Skiba,â€ and “Fort Mifflin.â€. Illustrations by Henry Archacki.</text>
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                <text> Jan Skiba, twórca tablicy pamiątkowej na wiadukcie im. gen. K. Pułaskiego. Illustrations by Henry Archacki.</text>
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                <text> Jan Skiba, the creator of the plaque on the Gen. K. Pułaski Bridge. Illustrations by Henry Archacki.</text>
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&#13;
In the mid-20th century, Polish Americans were simultaneously assimilating and realizing a new pride in their heritage, as Poland arose after World War I from over a century of partition. An unknown Buffalo subscriber clipped the cartoons in this collection from Buffalo’s Dziennik dla Wszystkich (Everybody’s Daily) from 1931 to 1952 and saved them in scrapbooks; the scrapbooks were recently acquired by Steven Piwowar and donated to UB’s Polish Collection. Mixing serious and light content, Archacki both enlightened and entertained his beloved Polonia.&#13;
&#13;
The first 200 cartoons of the total 1007 are presented here. All of the cartoons have been digitized, and we hope to obtain enough funds to complete the online collection soon. Visit Giving to UB for information on how to donate to the Polish Room Collection fund.&#13;
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                <text>Wilson, Woodrow, 1856-1924</text>
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                <text> Gębicki, Lawrence</text>
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                <text>Dziennik dia Wszystkich = Everybody's Daily</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="1906212">
                <text>&lt;a&gt;IN COPYRIGHT&lt;/a&gt;. This Item is protected by copyright and/or related rights. You are free to use this Item in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. For other uses you need to obtain permission from the rights-holder(s).</text>
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                <text>[Dień 11 listopada 1918] Originally 13-ty punkt prez. Woodrow Wilson'a. Illustrations by Henry Archacki.</text>
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                <text> Trzy najpiękniejsze drzewa w Polsce. Illustrations by Henry Archacki.</text>
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                <text>[11th day of November 1918] Original 13th point of Pres. Woodrow Wilson. Illustrations by Henry Archacki.</text>
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                <text> Three most beautiful trees in Poland. Illustrations by Henry Archacki.</text>
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                <text> Pierwszy kongresman polski wybrany w r. 1849. Illustrations by Henry Archacki.</text>
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                <text> The first Polish congressman chosen in 1849. Illustrations by Henry Archacki.</text>
              </elementText>
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                <text>A Polish newspaper page from 1934 containing illustrations and text. The top portion shows a handwritten note attributed to Woodrow Wilson, along with a small illustration of a person seated at a desk near a window. Below are drawings of the original 13th point by Wilson, tall trees with labels identifying them as the tallest in Poland, the U.S. Capitol building, and a portrait sketch of an individual identified as the first Polish congressman elected in 1893. The layout combines text, handwritten excerpts, and multiple black-and-white sketches. Illustrations by Henry Archacki.</text>
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                    <text>A 1934 Polish newspaper page with illustrations, including an early aircraft, a battle scene, historical figures, food items, and a portrait</text>
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&#13;
In the mid-20th century, Polish Americans were simultaneously assimilating and realizing a new pride in their heritage, as Poland arose after World War I from over a century of partition. An unknown Buffalo subscriber clipped the cartoons in this collection from Buffalo’s Dziennik dla Wszystkich (Everybody’s Daily) from 1931 to 1952 and saved them in scrapbooks; the scrapbooks were recently acquired by Steven Piwowar and donated to UB’s Polish Collection. Mixing serious and light content, Archacki both enlightened and entertained his beloved Polonia.&#13;
&#13;
The first 200 cartoons of the total 1007 are presented here. All of the cartoons have been digitized, and we hope to obtain enough funds to complete the online collection soon. Visit Giving to UB for information on how to donate to the Polish Room Collection fund.&#13;
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                <text>Funk, Casimir, 1884-1967</text>
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                <text> Jankowski, Bob</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="1866383">
                <text>Dziennik dia Wszystkich = Everybody's Daily</text>
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                <text>State University of New York at Buffalo. University Libraries. Polish Room. </text>
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                <text>State University of New York at Buffalo. University Libraries</text>
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                <text>Archacki Cartoons. LIB-ASL003</text>
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                <text>Archacki cartoon collection scrapbooks. MS-0180</text>
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                <text>&lt;a href=""&gt;IN COPYRIGHT&lt;/a&gt;. This Item is protected by copyright and/or related rights. You are free to use this Item in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. For other uses you need to obtain permission from the rights-holder(s).</text>
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                <text>Pierwszy samolot w świecie zbudowany w Polsce w r. 1615. Illustrations by Henry Archacki.</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="1916834">
                <text> "Witaminy" nazwane przez Polaka. Illustrations by Henry Archacki.</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="1916835">
                <text> Gra w kubki znana w dawnej Polsce. Illustrations by Henry Archacki.</text>
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                <text>The first plane in the world built in Poland in 1615. Illustrations by Henry Archacki.</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="1916838">
                <text> "Vitamins" named by a Pole. Illustrations by Henry Archacki.</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="1916839">
                <text> The game of cups known in the old Poland. Illustrations by Henry Archacki.</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="1918480">
                <text> Bob Jankowski mistrz Polski w fechtunku. Illustrations by Henry Archacki.</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="1918481">
                <text> Bob Jankowski, Poland's champion in fencing. Illustrations by Henry Archacki.</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="1918482">
                <text>The page is from a 1934 Polish newspaper section titled "Czy Wiecie Ze." It contains multiple black-and-white illustrations with captions. The largest drawing shows a flying machine with wings resembling a bird or bat, labeled as the first airplane built in Poland in 1615. Other smaller sketches include a battle scene, people standing in conversation in historical attire, a portrait labeled "Boz Jankowski," and a table with food and drink items. Illustrations by Henry Archacki.</text>
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&#13;
In the mid-20th century, Polish Americans were simultaneously assimilating and realizing a new pride in their heritage, as Poland arose after World War I from over a century of partition. An unknown Buffalo subscriber clipped the cartoons in this collection from Buffalo’s Dziennik dla Wszystkich (Everybody’s Daily) from 1931 to 1952 and saved them in scrapbooks; the scrapbooks were recently acquired by Steven Piwowar and donated to UB’s Polish Collection. Mixing serious and light content, Archacki both enlightened and entertained his beloved Polonia.&#13;
&#13;
The first 200 cartoons of the total 1007 are presented here. All of the cartoons have been digitized, and we hope to obtain enough funds to complete the online collection soon. Visit Giving to UB for information on how to donate to the Polish Room Collection fund.&#13;
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                <text> Konopnicka, Maria, 1842-1910</text>
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                <text>Archacki Cartoons. LIB-ASL003</text>
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            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="1906214">
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          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                <text>Zaćmienie słońca podczas odsieczy Wiednia. Illustrations by Henry Archacki.</text>
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                <text> Sławni w narodzie polskim: Marja Konopnicka ur. r. 1846 um. r. 1911. Illustrations by Henry Archacki.</text>
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                <text> [Jeszcze Polska nie zgineła, Józef Woźny] Polski kamień na dziedzińcu domu w Washingtonie. Illustrations by Henry Archacki.</text>
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                <text>Sun eclipse during the Siege of Vienna. Illustrations by Henry Archacki.</text>
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                <text> Famous in the Polish nation: Marja Konopnicka born 1846 died 1911. Illustrations by Henry Archacki.</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="1916848">
                <text> [Poland isn't gone yet, Józef Woźny] A Polish rock in the yard of a house in Washington. Illustrations by Henry Archacki.</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="1918483">
                <text> Stanisław Zbyszko wygrał 1093 walk z rzędu. Illustrations by Henry Archacki.</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="1918484">
                <text> Stanisław Zbyszko won 1093 fights in a row. Illustrations by Henry Archacki.</text>
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                <text>A black-and-white illustrated newspaper page from 1931 with the heading "Czy Wiecie Ze" (Do You Know That). The page features multiple sketches, including a scene with soldiers and tents, a portrait of a person identified as "Pelagia Bignowicka," a drawing of a stone with text inscribed, and a depiction of two figures carrying a third figure on their shoulders. There is Polish text interspersed throughout the illustrations, including references to historical figures and events. Illustrations by Henry Archacki.</text>
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                <description>An account of the resource</description>
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&#13;
In the mid-20th century, Polish Americans were simultaneously assimilating and realizing a new pride in their heritage, as Poland arose after World War I from over a century of partition. An unknown Buffalo subscriber clipped the cartoons in this collection from Buffalo’s Dziennik dla Wszystkich (Everybody’s Daily) from 1931 to 1952 and saved them in scrapbooks; the scrapbooks were recently acquired by Steven Piwowar and donated to UB’s Polish Collection. Mixing serious and light content, Archacki both enlightened and entertained his beloved Polonia.&#13;
&#13;
The first 200 cartoons of the total 1007 are presented here. All of the cartoons have been digitized, and we hope to obtain enough funds to complete the online collection soon. Visit Giving to UB for information on how to donate to the Polish Room Collection fund.&#13;
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                <elementText elementTextId="13560">
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                <text>Fman on a camel</text>
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          <element elementId="43">
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            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="60322">
                <text>bk02_pg0156</text>
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            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="60323">
                <text>Archacki, Henry, 1907-1998</text>
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            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="60324">
                <text>1933</text>
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          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="60337">
                <text>Hindenburg, Paul von, 1847-1934</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="60338">
                <text> Augustus II, King of Poland, 1670-1733</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="60339">
                <text> Algiers (Algeria)</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="60340">
                <text> Dubliński, Harry, 1910-1977</text>
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            <description>The nature or genre of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="60344">
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              <elementText elementTextId="1867153">
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          <element elementId="48">
            <name>Source</name>
            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="1866387">
                <text>Dziennik dia Wszystkich = Everybody's Daily</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="1866388">
                <text>State University of New York at Buffalo. University Libraries. Polish Room. </text>
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            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="45">
            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="1866751">
                <text>State University of New York at Buffalo. University Libraries</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="42">
            <name>Format</name>
            <description>The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="1866952">
                <text>image/jpeg</text>
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          <element elementId="105">
            <name>Is Part Of</name>
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            <elementTextContainer>
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                <text>Archacki Cartoons. LIB-ASL003</text>
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                <text>Archacki cartoon collection scrapbooks. MS-0180</text>
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                <text>pol</text>
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          </element>
          <element elementId="47">
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            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="1906215">
                <text>&lt;a href=""&gt;IN COPYRIGHT&lt;/a&gt;. This Item is protected by copyright and/or related rights. You are free to use this Item in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. For other uses you need to obtain permission from the rights-holder(s).</text>
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          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
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                <text>[Paweł Von Hindenburg. Illustrations by Henry Archacki.</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="1916852">
                <text> Księgarnia, Spółka Pedagogiczna, Księgarnia. Illustrations by Henry Archacki.</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="1916853">
                <text> Tablica] Von Hindenburg urodził się w polskim domu, na polskiej ziemi. Illustrations by Henry Archacki.</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="1916854">
                <text> Nazwy polskie w Algierze. Illustrations by Henry Archacki.</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="1916855">
                <text> August II. zamienił pułk swego wojska za serwis porcelanowy. Illustrations by Henry Archacki.</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="1916857">
                <text>[Paweł Von Hindenburg. Illustrations by Henry Archacki.</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="1916858">
                <text> Bookstore, Pedagogics partnership, Bookstore. Illustrations by Henry Archacki.</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="1916859">
                <text> Plaque] Von Hindenburg was born in a Polish house, on Polish soil. Illustrations by Henry Archacki.</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="1916860">
                <text> Polish names in Algiers. Illustrations by Henry Archacki.</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="1916861">
                <text> August II exchanged a regiment from his army for a china set. Illustrations by Henry Archacki.</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="1918486">
                <text> Harry Dublinski staje w pierwszych szeregach pretendentów do mistrzostwa poł-sredniej wagi [Mistrz świata wstęp wzbroniony]. Illustrations by Henry Archacki.</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="1918487">
                <text> Harry Dublinski is a contender for the mid-weight championship [World champion, no entry]. Illustrations by Henry Archacki.</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="1918488">
                <text>A Polish newspaper illustration from 1941 shows several drawings with captions. At the top left is a portrait of Paul von Hindenburg. To the right is a building with signs labeled "Apteka," "Izba Polskiego," and "Ksiegarnia." Below are additional scenes, including a person walking near palm trees, a man in a military uniform with others behind him, and a boxer-like figure posing with fists raised. Illustrations by Henry Archacki.</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="1982244">
                <text>The description and alternative text may have been partially generated using an AI tool and may contain errors or omissions. </text>
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  <item itemId="4157" public="1" featured="0">
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                    <text>1934 Polish newspaper page with drawings of a battle in a frozen river, medieval figures, a beauty contest winner, and a portrait</text>
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&#13;
In the mid-20th century, Polish Americans were simultaneously assimilating and realizing a new pride in their heritage, as Poland arose after World War I from over a century of partition. An unknown Buffalo subscriber clipped the cartoons in this collection from Buffalo’s Dziennik dla Wszystkich (Everybody’s Daily) from 1931 to 1952 and saved them in scrapbooks; the scrapbooks were recently acquired by Steven Piwowar and donated to UB’s Polish Collection. Mixing serious and light content, Archacki both enlightened and entertained his beloved Polonia.&#13;
&#13;
The first 200 cartoons of the total 1007 are presented here. All of the cartoons have been digitized, and we hope to obtain enough funds to complete the online collection soon. Visit Giving to UB for information on how to donate to the Polish Room Collection fund.&#13;
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              <elementText elementTextId="1906216">
                <text>&lt;a href=""&gt;IN COPYRIGHT&lt;/a&gt;. This Item is protected by copyright and/or related rights. You are free to use this Item in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. For other uses you need to obtain permission from the rights-holder(s).</text>
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                <text>Armja szwedzka która zamarzła w rzece polskiej. Illustrations by Henry Archacki.</text>
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                <text> Władysław Łokietek był najmniejszem królem polskim. Illustrations by Henry Archacki.</text>
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                <text>The Swedish Army that froze in a Polish river. Illustrations by Henry Archacki.</text>
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                <text> Władysław Łokietek was the smallest Polish king. Illustrations by Henry Archacki.</text>
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                <text> Polka zdobywa tytuł "Miss America" [Helena Machaczek]. Illustrations by Henry Archacki.</text>
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                <text> A Polish woman wins the title of "Miss America" [Helena Machaczek]. Illustrations by Henry Archacki.</text>
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                <text>A Polish newspaper page from 1934 featuring illustrated historical and cultural trivia. The top illustration shows a chaotic battle scene with soldiers and horses falling into a frozen river. Below, smaller panels include depictions of historical figures in medieval attire, a contestant in a beauty pageant labeled “Miss America,and a portrait of an individual in a fur coat. Text in Polish accompanies each image, providing explanations. Illustrations by Henry Archacki.</text>
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&#13;
In the mid-20th century, Polish Americans were simultaneously assimilating and realizing a new pride in their heritage, as Poland arose after World War I from over a century of partition. An unknown Buffalo subscriber clipped the cartoons in this collection from Buffalo’s Dziennik dla Wszystkich (Everybody’s Daily) from 1931 to 1952 and saved them in scrapbooks; the scrapbooks were recently acquired by Steven Piwowar and donated to UB’s Polish Collection. Mixing serious and light content, Archacki both enlightened and entertained his beloved Polonia.&#13;
&#13;
The first 200 cartoons of the total 1007 are presented here. All of the cartoons have been digitized, and we hope to obtain enough funds to complete the online collection soon. Visit Giving to UB for information on how to donate to the Polish Room Collection fund.&#13;
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                <text>1933</text>
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                <text>Hynek, Franciszek, 1897-1958</text>
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                <text> Kościuszko, Tadeusz, 1746-1817</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="60290">
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                <text> Mieszko I, Duke of Poland, ca. 922-992</text>
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            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="1866391">
                <text>Dziennik dia Wszystkich = Everybody's Daily</text>
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                <text>State University of New York at Buffalo. University Libraries</text>
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            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="1906217">
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          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                <text>[Kapt. F. Hynek] Balon "Kościuszko" poraz drugi zdobywa nagrodę 'Bennett'a'. Illustrations by Henry Archacki.</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="1916872">
                <text> Joseph Conrad-Korzeniowski, pisał 19 lat bez korzyści. Illustrations by Henry Archacki.</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="1916873">
                <text> Mieczysław I, pierwszy król Polski, urodził się niewidomym. Illustrations by Henry Archacki.</text>
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                <text>[Cpt. F. Hynek] Hot air balloon "Kościuszko" wins for the second time the 'Bennett' trophy. Illustrations by Henry Archacki.</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="1916876">
                <text> Joseph Conrad-Korzeniowski, wrote for 19 years without financial success. Illustrations by Henry Archacki.</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="1916877">
                <text> Mieczysław I, the first king of Poland, was born blind. Illustrations by Henry Archacki.</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="1918492">
                <text> Szlachta polska przynosiła stołowiznę ze sobą na bankiety. Illustrations by Henry Archacki.</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="1918493">
                <text> The Polish nobility brought their own utensils to parties. Illustrations by Henry Archacki.</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="1918494">
                <text>The page is from a Polish newspaper dated Saturday, October 6, 1934, titled Czy Wiecie Ze (“Did You Know That). It contains multiple illustrated sections with captions. The top left shows a map of northern Europe with labeled locations and small drawings, accompanied by a circular portrait. To the right is a portrait sketch of an individual with a caption. Below, on the left, is a drawing of a balloon and another of a person standing by a stone archway. To the lower right are illustrations of people in historical attire. Each section is accompanied by short Polish text captions providing explanations or facts. Illustrations by Henry Archacki.</text>
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                  <text>Henryk Archacki, 1907-1988, a Polish immigrant, journalist and well-known graphic artist, drew weekly cartoons for Polish-language newspapers for over 20 years. With his wife, he researched current events, sports, literature, and historical curiosities, and presented them in these factoid cartoons, with a strong flavor of pride in being Polish. This syndicated series was entitled “Czy wiecie, że…” (“Do you know that…”).&#13;
&#13;
In the mid-20th century, Polish Americans were simultaneously assimilating and realizing a new pride in their heritage, as Poland arose after World War I from over a century of partition. An unknown Buffalo subscriber clipped the cartoons in this collection from Buffalo’s Dziennik dla Wszystkich (Everybody’s Daily) from 1931 to 1952 and saved them in scrapbooks; the scrapbooks were recently acquired by Steven Piwowar and donated to UB’s Polish Collection. Mixing serious and light content, Archacki both enlightened and entertained his beloved Polonia.&#13;
&#13;
The first 200 cartoons of the total 1007 are presented here. All of the cartoons have been digitized, and we hope to obtain enough funds to complete the online collection soon. Visit Giving to UB for information on how to donate to the Polish Room Collection fund.&#13;
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                <text>Dziennik dia Wszystkich = Everybody's Daily</text>
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                <text>[Kpt. Jerzy Bajan lat 35, znakomity lotnik akrobatyczny -zdobył pierwsze miejsce w tegorocznym "challenge"] Polskie samoloty zwyciężyły w międzynarodowych wyścigach [Pilot St. Płonczyński-przeleciał na polskich linjach 500,000 metrów bez wypadku-zdobył drugie miejsce dla Polski]. Illustrations by Henry Archacki.</text>
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                <text> Polacy jadali pieczoną słomę zwaną "gęs czarną". Illustrations by Henry Archacki.</text>
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                <text>[Cpt. Jerzy Bajan age 35, a superb acrobatic pilot-won the first place in this year's "challenge"] Polish planes won in the international races [Pilot St. Płonczyński-flew 500,000 meters on the Polish airlines without an accident-won second place for Poland]. Illustrations by Henry Archacki.</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="1916884">
                <text> Poles ate baked hay called "black goose". Illustrations by Henry Archacki.</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="1918495">
                <text> Walerjan Łukasiński, męczennik polski który odsiedział 46 lat swego życia w więzieniu. Illustrations by Henry Archacki.</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="1918496">
                <text> Walerjan Łukasiński, a Polish martyr who spent 46 years of his life in prison. Illustrations by Henry Archacki.</text>
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                <text>A Polish illustrated newspaper page from 1932 titled Czy Wiecie Ze features portraits, drawings, and short informational notes. At the top left is a portrait labeled "Kpt. Jerzy BajA¡n," next to an airplane flying over a map of Europe. On the right is another portrait labeled "Pilot St. Pronaszko." The center shows the caption "Polskie Samoloty Zwyciezyly w Miedzynarodowych Wyscigach" (Polish planes won in international competitions). The lower section includes two illustrations: one of a person preparing food near a stove, and another of a seated figure at a desk with papers, identified as "Walerjan  Åzukasinski." Additional handwritten notes and drawings accompany the main illustrations. Illustrations by Henry Archacki.</text>
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&#13;
In the mid-20th century, Polish Americans were simultaneously assimilating and realizing a new pride in their heritage, as Poland arose after World War I from over a century of partition. An unknown Buffalo subscriber clipped the cartoons in this collection from Buffalo’s Dziennik dla Wszystkich (Everybody’s Daily) from 1931 to 1952 and saved them in scrapbooks; the scrapbooks were recently acquired by Steven Piwowar and donated to UB’s Polish Collection. Mixing serious and light content, Archacki both enlightened and entertained his beloved Polonia.&#13;
&#13;
The first 200 cartoons of the total 1007 are presented here. All of the cartoons have been digitized, and we hope to obtain enough funds to complete the online collection soon. Visit Giving to UB for information on how to donate to the Polish Room Collection fund.&#13;
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                  <text>Dziennik dia Wszystkich = Everybody's Daily</text>
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                <text>Woman knight with a spear</text>
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                <text>Archacki, Henry, 1907-1998</text>
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                <text> Yarosz, Teddy, 1910-1974</text>
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            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="1866395">
                <text>Dziennik dia Wszystkich = Everybody's Daily</text>
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                <text>State University of New York at Buffalo. University Libraries. Polish Room. </text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="1866755">
                <text>State University of New York at Buffalo. University Libraries</text>
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          <element elementId="105">
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                <text>Archacki Cartoons. LIB-ASL003</text>
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            <elementTextContainer>
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                <text>Polka, która pokonała rycerzy w wielkim turnieju. Illustrations by Henry Archacki.</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="1916888">
                <text> Znaczenie rudych włosów w starej polszczyźnie. Illustrations by Henry Archacki.</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="1916889">
                <text> Jak powstały peruki w Polsce. Illustrations by Henry Archacki.</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="1916891">
                <text>A Polish woman who defeated knights in a big tournament. Illustrations by Henry Archacki.</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="1916892">
                <text> The meaning of red hair in old Polish. Illustrations by Henry Archacki.</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="1916893">
                <text> How wigs came into being in Poland. Illustrations by Henry Archacki.</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="1918498">
                <text> Teddy Jarosz, polski pięściarz zdobywa szampjonat średniej-wagi. Illustrations by Henry Archacki.</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="1918499">
                <text> Teddy Jarosz, a Polish boxer wins the mid-weight championship. Illustrations by Henry Archacki.</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="1918500">
                <text>The page is from a Polish newspaper dated September 29, 1934. It contains a section titled Czy Wiecie Ze with several black-and-white illustrations and short texts. The top-left drawing shows a medieval-style scene with knights on horseback in front of a cathedral, while a crowd and a figure on a platform are visible in the background. To the right, there is a drawing of a person blowing into a horn. Below, another illustration depicts two robed figures walking, and next to it is a drawing of a face wearing a theatrical mask. The page is divided into multiple cartoon-like panels accompanied by short Polish captions. Illustrations by Henry Archacki.</text>
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                  <text>Henryk Archacki, 1907-1988, a Polish immigrant, journalist and well-known graphic artist, drew weekly cartoons for Polish-language newspapers for over 20 years. With his wife, he researched current events, sports, literature, and historical curiosities, and presented them in these factoid cartoons, with a strong flavor of pride in being Polish. This syndicated series was entitled “Czy wiecie, że…” (“Do you know that…”).&#13;
&#13;
In the mid-20th century, Polish Americans were simultaneously assimilating and realizing a new pride in their heritage, as Poland arose after World War I from over a century of partition. An unknown Buffalo subscriber clipped the cartoons in this collection from Buffalo’s Dziennik dla Wszystkich (Everybody’s Daily) from 1931 to 1952 and saved them in scrapbooks; the scrapbooks were recently acquired by Steven Piwowar and donated to UB’s Polish Collection. Mixing serious and light content, Archacki both enlightened and entertained his beloved Polonia.&#13;
&#13;
The first 200 cartoons of the total 1007 are presented here. All of the cartoons have been digitized, and we hope to obtain enough funds to complete the online collection soon. Visit Giving to UB for information on how to donate to the Polish Room Collection fund.&#13;
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                <text> Globus Kopernika w Uniwersytecie w Pittsburghu. Illustrations by Henry Archacki.</text>
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                <text> Polak zbadał Alaskę. Illustrations by Henry Archacki.</text>
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                <text> Dr. Damazy J. Tilgner, szampjonem wioślarstwa polskiego przez 10 lat. Illustrations by Henry Archacki.</text>
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                <text> Dr. Damazy J. Tilgner, the Polish rowing champion for 10 years. Illustrations by Henry Archacki.</text>
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&#13;
In the mid-20th century, Polish Americans were simultaneously assimilating and realizing a new pride in their heritage, as Poland arose after World War I from over a century of partition. An unknown Buffalo subscriber clipped the cartoons in this collection from Buffalo’s Dziennik dla Wszystkich (Everybody’s Daily) from 1931 to 1952 and saved them in scrapbooks; the scrapbooks were recently acquired by Steven Piwowar and donated to UB’s Polish Collection. Mixing serious and light content, Archacki both enlightened and entertained his beloved Polonia.&#13;
&#13;
The first 200 cartoons of the total 1007 are presented here. All of the cartoons have been digitized, and we hope to obtain enough funds to complete the online collection soon. Visit Giving to UB for information on how to donate to the Polish Room Collection fund.&#13;
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                <text>Dziennik dia Wszystkich = Everybody's Daily</text>
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                <text> Wynalazek Polaka używany przy wzlotach w startosferę. Illustrations by Henry Archacki.</text>
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                <text> Ubiór króla Jana III Sobieskiego oszacowano na $200,000. Illustrations by Henry Archacki.</text>
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                <text>A Pole, who broke the German military line. Illustrations by Henry Archacki.</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="1916910">
                <text> An invention of a Pole used during the flights to the stratosphere. Illustrations by Henry Archacki.</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="1916911">
                <text> Clothing of King Jan III Sobieski valued at $200,000. Illustrations by Henry Archacki.</text>
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                <text> Aniela Gorczyca zdobywa laury w golfa. Illustrations by Henry Archacki.</text>
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                <text> Aniela Gorczyca wins laurels in golf. Illustrations by Henry Archacki.</text>
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&#13;
In the mid-20th century, Polish Americans were simultaneously assimilating and realizing a new pride in their heritage, as Poland arose after World War I from over a century of partition. An unknown Buffalo subscriber clipped the cartoons in this collection from Buffalo’s Dziennik dla Wszystkich (Everybody’s Daily) from 1931 to 1952 and saved them in scrapbooks; the scrapbooks were recently acquired by Steven Piwowar and donated to UB’s Polish Collection. Mixing serious and light content, Archacki both enlightened and entertained his beloved Polonia.&#13;
&#13;
The first 200 cartoons of the total 1007 are presented here. All of the cartoons have been digitized, and we hope to obtain enough funds to complete the online collection soon. Visit Giving to UB for information on how to donate to the Polish Room Collection fund.&#13;
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                <text>Flight over the Atlantic</text>
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                <text>Adamowicz, Bolesław, b. 1898</text>
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                <text> Adamowicz, Józef, b. 1893</text>
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                <text>Dziennik dia Wszystkich = Everybody's Daily</text>
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          <element elementId="41">
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                <text>[B. Adamowicz, J. Adamowicz. Illustrations by Henry Archacki.</text>
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                <text> Ocean Atlantyk] Adamowicze, jedyni bracia, którzy przelecieli przez Atlantyk. Illustrations by Henry Archacki.</text>
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                <text> Sławni w narodzie polskim: Joachim Lelewel, ur. R 1786 um. R 1861. Illustrations by Henry Archacki.</text>
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                <text> Tablica złota, która ważyła 300 funtów. Illustrations by Henry Archacki.</text>
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                <text>[B. Adamowicz, J. Adamowicz. Illustrations by Henry Archacki.</text>
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                <text> The Atlantic Ocean] The Adamowiczes, the only brothers who flew over the Atlantic. Illustrations by Henry Archacki.</text>
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                <text> Famous in the Polish nation: Joachim Lelewel, born 1786 died 1861. Illustrations by Henry Archacki.</text>
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                <text> The golden plaque that weighed 300 pounds. Illustrations by Henry Archacki.</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="1918507">
                <text> Sportowcy polsko-amerykańscy w drodze do Polski. Illustrations by Henry Archacki.</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="1918508">
                <text> Polish American athletes on the way to Poland. Illustrations by Henry Archacki.</text>
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                <text>The page is a Polish illustrated newspaper feature combining portraits, drawings, and captions. At the top are portraits of B. Adamowicz and J. Adamowicz with a drawing of their transatlantic flight route shown on a map from New York to Warsaw. To the right is a detailed sketch of Joachim Lelewel with accompanying text. Below are three illustrations: a commemorative golden plaque with text, a stylized torch with radiant light, and a bird in flight. The page includes decorative headings and explanatory Polish captions. Illustrations by Henry Archacki.</text>
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&#13;
In the mid-20th century, Polish Americans were simultaneously assimilating and realizing a new pride in their heritage, as Poland arose after World War I from over a century of partition. An unknown Buffalo subscriber clipped the cartoons in this collection from Buffalo’s Dziennik dla Wszystkich (Everybody’s Daily) from 1931 to 1952 and saved them in scrapbooks; the scrapbooks were recently acquired by Steven Piwowar and donated to UB’s Polish Collection. Mixing serious and light content, Archacki both enlightened and entertained his beloved Polonia.&#13;
&#13;
The first 200 cartoons of the total 1007 are presented here. All of the cartoons have been digitized, and we hope to obtain enough funds to complete the online collection soon. Visit Giving to UB for information on how to donate to the Polish Room Collection fund.&#13;
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            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                <text>Flone trekker</text>
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          </element>
          <element elementId="43">
            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
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          </element>
          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
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            <elementTextContainer>
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            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="60139">
                <text>1933</text>
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          </element>
          <element elementId="49">
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            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="60148">
                <text>Jadwiga, Queen of Poland, ca. 1374-1399</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="60149">
                <text> United States</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="60150">
                <text> Sullivan, Billy, boxer</text>
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            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="51">
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            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="60154">
                <text>Image</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="1867161">
                <text> </text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="48">
            <name>Source</name>
            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="1866403">
                <text>Dziennik dia Wszystkich = Everybody's Daily</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="1866404">
                <text>State University of New York at Buffalo. University Libraries. Polish Room. </text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="45">
            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="1866759">
                <text>State University of New York at Buffalo. University Libraries</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="42">
            <name>Format</name>
            <description>The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="1866960">
                <text>image/jpeg</text>
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            <description>A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included.</description>
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                <text>Archacki Cartoons. LIB-ASL003</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="1867563">
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            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="44">
            <name>Language</name>
            <description>A language of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="1867764">
                <text>pol</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="47">
            <name>Rights</name>
            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="1906223">
                <text>&lt;a href=""&gt;IN COPYRIGHT&lt;/a&gt;. This Item is protected by copyright and/or related rights. You are free to use this Item in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. For other uses you need to obtain permission from the rights-holder(s).</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="1916925">
                <text>Słady królowej Jadwigi wmurowane w kościele polskim. Illustrations by Henry Archacki.</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="1916926">
                <text> Polak przeszedł pieszo przez Stany Zjednoczone. Illustrations by Henry Archacki.</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="1916927">
                <text> Jak powstała "rękawka" zabawa narodowa. Illustrations by Henry Archacki.</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="1916929">
                <text>Queen Jadwiga's footprints built into a Polish church. Illustrations by Henry Archacki.</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="1916930">
                <text> A Pole walked across the United States. Illustrations by Henry Archacki.</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="1916931">
                <text> How the national game "sleeve" was created. Illustrations by Henry Archacki.</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="1918510">
                <text> Billy Szolwiński, polski pięściarz , posiada '4' szampjonaty. Illustrations by Henry Archacki.</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="1918511">
                <text> Billy Szolwiński, a Polish boxer, has '4' championships. Illustrations by Henry Archacki.</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="1918512">
                <text>A black-and-white illustrated page titled "Czy Wiecie Ze" (Did You Know) featuring multiple cartoon-style drawings with Polish captions. The illustrations depict various scenes: a person walking near a church, another traveling across a map of the United States, a group of people engaged in a traditional outdoor activity, and a strongman figure labeled Billy Slowinski. Captions provide short explanatory notes about Polish culture and notable individuals. Illustrations by Henry Archacki.</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="1982252">
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              </element>
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                  <text>Henryk Archacki, 1907-1988, a Polish immigrant, journalist and well-known graphic artist, drew weekly cartoons for Polish-language newspapers for over 20 years. With his wife, he researched current events, sports, literature, and historical curiosities, and presented them in these factoid cartoons, with a strong flavor of pride in being Polish. This syndicated series was entitled “Czy wiecie, że…” (“Do you know that…”).&#13;
&#13;
In the mid-20th century, Polish Americans were simultaneously assimilating and realizing a new pride in their heritage, as Poland arose after World War I from over a century of partition. An unknown Buffalo subscriber clipped the cartoons in this collection from Buffalo’s Dziennik dla Wszystkich (Everybody’s Daily) from 1931 to 1952 and saved them in scrapbooks; the scrapbooks were recently acquired by Steven Piwowar and donated to UB’s Polish Collection. Mixing serious and light content, Archacki both enlightened and entertained his beloved Polonia.&#13;
&#13;
The first 200 cartoons of the total 1007 are presented here. All of the cartoons have been digitized, and we hope to obtain enough funds to complete the online collection soon. Visit Giving to UB for information on how to donate to the Polish Room Collection fund.&#13;
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                  <text>Dziennik dia Wszystkich = Everybody's Daily</text>
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                <text>Archacki, Henry, 1907-1998</text>
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                <text>Zamek Królewski na Wawelu (Kraków, Poland)</text>
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                <text> Dzwon Zygmunta (Bell)</text>
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                <text> Von Drygalski, Erich, 1865-1949</text>
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                <text> Kałek, Michał</text>
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                <text>Dziennik dia Wszystkich = Everybody's Daily</text>
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                <text>Dzwon na Wieży Zygmuntowskiej na Wawelu ulany ze zdobytych armat. Illustrations by Henry Archacki.</text>
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                <text> [Wyspa Drygalskiego, ziemia odkryta, Biegun Południowy] Ziemia na biegunie poudniowym nazywa się "Wyspą Drygalskiego". Illustrations by Henry Archacki.</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="1916936">
                <text> Piorun uderzył w Polkę i tylko wyrwał z ust sztuczną szczękę. Illustrations by Henry Archacki.</text>
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                <text>A bell on the Zygmuntowski Tower on Wawel made out of captured cannons. Illustrations by Henry Archacki.</text>
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                <text> [Drygalski Island, discovered land, the South Pole] The land at the South Pole is called "Drygalski Island". Illustrations by Henry Archacki.</text>
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                <text> Lightning hit a Polish woman and only pulled the dentures out. Illustrations by Henry Archacki.</text>
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                <text> [Zuch chlopak] Michał Kałek, mistrzem polskim zapasów i dźwigania ciężarów przez 8 lat. Illustrations by Henry Archacki.</text>
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                <text> [Boy scout/brave boy] Michał Kałek, the Polish champion in wrestling and weight lifting for 8 years. Illustrations by Henry Archacki.</text>
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                <text>The image is a black-and-white illustrated page from a publication titled Czy Wiecie Ze. It contains several panels of drawings with accompanying Polish text. At the top left, there is an illustration of workers assembling or raising a large wooden structure near a building. To the top right, there is a map of Europe with a highlighted region marked “Wyspa Dykajowskiego.Below the map, text and arrows indicate geographic locations. In the bottom left, there is an illustration showing a person handling equipment with electrical sparks or lightning effects. At the bottom right, there is a portrait of a muscular individual wearing medals, with a bird sketch next to the figure. Decorative and explanatory text surrounds the drawings, serving as captions for each illustration. Illustrations by Henry Archacki.</text>
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&#13;
In the mid-20th century, Polish Americans were simultaneously assimilating and realizing a new pride in their heritage, as Poland arose after World War I from over a century of partition. An unknown Buffalo subscriber clipped the cartoons in this collection from Buffalo’s Dziennik dla Wszystkich (Everybody’s Daily) from 1931 to 1952 and saved them in scrapbooks; the scrapbooks were recently acquired by Steven Piwowar and donated to UB’s Polish Collection. Mixing serious and light content, Archacki both enlightened and entertained his beloved Polonia.&#13;
&#13;
The first 200 cartoons of the total 1007 are presented here. All of the cartoons have been digitized, and we hope to obtain enough funds to complete the online collection soon. Visit Giving to UB for information on how to donate to the Polish Room Collection fund.&#13;
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                <text>Caricature of an actress</text>
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          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
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                <text>1933</text>
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          <element elementId="49">
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            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
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                <text>Turkey. Ordu</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="60100">
                <text> Curie, Pierre, 1859-1906</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="60101">
                <text> Curie, Marie, 1867-1934</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="60102">
                <text> Roberti, Lyda, 1912-1938</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="1867163">
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            </elementTextContainer>
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          <element elementId="48">
            <name>Source</name>
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            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="1866407">
                <text>Dziennik dia Wszystkich = Everybody's Daily</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="1866408">
                <text>State University of New York at Buffalo. University Libraries. Polish Room. </text>
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            <name>Publisher</name>
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            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="1866761">
                <text>State University of New York at Buffalo. University Libraries</text>
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          <element elementId="42">
            <name>Format</name>
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                <text>Archacki Cartoons. LIB-ASL003</text>
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                <text>Archacki cartoon collection scrapbooks. MS-0180</text>
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          </element>
          <element elementId="44">
            <name>Language</name>
            <description>A language of the resource</description>
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          </element>
          <element elementId="47">
            <name>Rights</name>
            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="1906225">
                <text>&lt;a href=""&gt;IN COPYRIGHT&lt;/a&gt;. This Item is protected by copyright and/or related rights. You are free to use this Item in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. For other uses you need to obtain permission from the rights-holder(s).</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
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          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
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                <text>Polacy w armji tureckiej. Illustrations by Henry Archacki.</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="1916944">
                <text> [Jaśnie wielmożny Panie-etc] Chińczycy którzy prowadzili korespondencję po polsku. Illustrations by Henry Archacki.</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="1916945">
                <text> [Piotr Curie] Niezwykły zbieg okoliczności podczas pogrzebu M. Skłodowskiej. Illustrations by Henry Archacki.</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="1916947">
                <text>Poles in the Turkish army. Illustrations by Henry Archacki.</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="1916948">
                <text> [The most honorary, sir-etc] the Chinese who kept correspondence in Polish. Illustrations by Henry Archacki.</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="1916949">
                <text> [Piotr Curie] An unusual coincidence during the funeral of M. Skłodowska. Illustrations by Henry Archacki.</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="1918516">
                <text> Karykatura Lidji Roberti. Illustrations by Henry Archacki.</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="1918517">
                <text> Lidia Roberta's caricature. Illustrations by Henry Archacki.</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="1918518">
                <text>A page from a Polish publication titled "Czy Wiece Ze" contains multiple illustrations and text. The top left shows a detailed drawing of soldiers in combat, labeled "Polacy w Armii Tureckiej." The top right depicts a shop interior with items displayed and a caption mentioning correspondence conducted in Polish. The lower section includes a circular portrait of Piotr Goje with surrounding text, a caricature of Ildji Roberti, and smaller decorative illustrations. Illustrations by Henry Archacki.</text>
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                    <text>Illustrated Polish newspaper page showing a flood scene with a skull, a map of Poland with flood areas, and smaller historical drawings including early postal service and a scholar at a desk</text>
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&#13;
In the mid-20th century, Polish Americans were simultaneously assimilating and realizing a new pride in their heritage, as Poland arose after World War I from over a century of partition. An unknown Buffalo subscriber clipped the cartoons in this collection from Buffalo’s Dziennik dla Wszystkich (Everybody’s Daily) from 1931 to 1952 and saved them in scrapbooks; the scrapbooks were recently acquired by Steven Piwowar and donated to UB’s Polish Collection. Mixing serious and light content, Archacki both enlightened and entertained his beloved Polonia.&#13;
&#13;
The first 200 cartoons of the total 1007 are presented here. All of the cartoons have been digitized, and we hope to obtain enough funds to complete the online collection soon. Visit Giving to UB for information on how to donate to the Polish Room Collection fund.&#13;
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                <text>Archacki, Henry, 1907-1998</text>
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                <text>Dziennik dia Wszystkich = Everybody's Daily</text>
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                <text>State University of New York at Buffalo. University Libraries. Polish Room. </text>
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                <text>Archacki Cartoons. LIB-ASL003</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="1867566">
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                <text>pol</text>
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          <element elementId="47">
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            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="1906226">
                <text>&lt;a href=""&gt;IN COPYRIGHT&lt;/a&gt;. This Item is protected by copyright and/or related rights. You are free to use this Item in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. For other uses you need to obtain permission from the rights-holder(s).</text>
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            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                <text>[Deszcz, pomoc, wychodztwo] Starszny potop w Polsce. Illustrations by Henry Archacki.</text>
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                <text> [Morze Bałtyckie, Polska] Części zalane w Polsce. Illustrations by Henry Archacki.</text>
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                <text> Polak ułożył słownik i katechizm chiński. Illustrations by Henry Archacki.</text>
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                <text> Pierwsza poczta w Polsce. Illustrations by Henry Archacki.</text>
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                <text>[Rain, help, escape] An awful flood in Poland. Illustrations by Henry Archacki.</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="1916958">
                <text> [Baltic Sea, Poland] The parts flooded in Poland. Illustrations by Henry Archacki.</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="1916959">
                <text> A Pole created a Chinese dictionary and catechism. Illustrations by Henry Archacki.</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="1916960">
                <text> The first postal service in Poland. Illustrations by Henry Archacki.</text>
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                <text> Stanisław Kiecal (Ketchel) król "nokautu". Illustrations by Henry Archacki.</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="1918520">
                <text> Stanley Kiecal (Ketchel) the king of the "knock out". Illustrations by Henry Archacki.</text>
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                <text>The page is a vintage illustrated newspaper or magazine layout in Polish titled "Czy Wiecie Ze" ("Did you know that"). The illustrations include a dramatic drawing of a flood in Poland with a large skull representing disaster, a map showing regions of flooding, and smaller sketches depicting historical scenes such as early postal services in Poland and a scholar writing at a desk. The page also contains text blocks and a table with numerical data, presented in columns. Illustrations by Henry Archacki.</text>
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                    <text>Illustrated newspaper page with drawings of a coronation, a medieval figure in Siberia, a horse-drawn carriage, and a runner</text>
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&#13;
In the mid-20th century, Polish Americans were simultaneously assimilating and realizing a new pride in their heritage, as Poland arose after World War I from over a century of partition. An unknown Buffalo subscriber clipped the cartoons in this collection from Buffalo’s Dziennik dla Wszystkich (Everybody’s Daily) from 1931 to 1952 and saved them in scrapbooks; the scrapbooks were recently acquired by Steven Piwowar and donated to UB’s Polish Collection. Mixing serious and light content, Archacki both enlightened and entertained his beloved Polonia.&#13;
&#13;
The first 200 cartoons of the total 1007 are presented here. All of the cartoons have been digitized, and we hope to obtain enough funds to complete the online collection soon. Visit Giving to UB for information on how to donate to the Polish Room Collection fund.&#13;
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                  <text>Dziennik dia Wszystkich = Everybody's Daily</text>
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                  <text>LIB-ASL003</text>
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                <text>Polish crown in the German Empire</text>
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            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
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          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
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                <text>Archacki, Henry, 1907-1998</text>
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            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
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                <text>Siberia (Russia)</text>
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                <text> Wudyka, Stanley</text>
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          <element elementId="51">
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              <elementText elementTextId="1867165">
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          <element elementId="48">
            <name>Source</name>
            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="1866411">
                <text>Dziennik dia Wszystkich = Everybody's Daily</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="1866412">
                <text>State University of New York at Buffalo. University Libraries. Polish Room. </text>
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            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="45">
            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="1866763">
                <text>State University of New York at Buffalo. University Libraries</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="42">
            <name>Format</name>
            <description>The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="1866964">
                <text>image/jpeg</text>
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            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="105">
            <name>Is Part Of</name>
            <description>A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included.</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="1867366">
                <text>Archacki Cartoons. LIB-ASL003</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="1867567">
                <text>Archacki cartoon collection scrapbooks. MS-0180</text>
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          <element elementId="44">
            <name>Language</name>
            <description>A language of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
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                <text>pol</text>
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          <element elementId="47">
            <name>Rights</name>
            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="1906227">
                <text>&lt;a href=""&gt;IN COPYRIGHT&lt;/a&gt;. This Item is protected by copyright and/or related rights. You are free to use this Item in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. For other uses you need to obtain permission from the rights-holder(s).</text>
              </elementText>
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          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="1916963">
                <text>Korona polska była używana przez cesarzy niemieckich do koronacji. Illustrations by Henry Archacki.</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="1916964">
                <text> Pierwszy Polak na Syberji w r. 1245. Illustrations by Henry Archacki.</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="1916967">
                <text>A Polish crown was used in the coronation of the German emperors. Illustrations by Henry Archacki.</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="1916968">
                <text> The first Pole in Syberia in 1245. Illustrations by Henry Archacki.</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="1918522">
                <text> Jazda incognito magnatów polskich XVI w. Illustrations by Henry Archacki.</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="1918523">
                <text> Stanley Wudyka, polski biegacz zdobywa uznanie. Illustrations by Henry Archacki.</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="1918524">
                <text> The incognito ride of the Polish barons XVI c. Illustrations by Henry Archacki.</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="1918525">
                <text> Stanley Wudyka, a Polish runner gains recognition. Illustrations by Henry Archacki.</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="1918526">
                <text>A newspaper page titled "Czy Wiecie Ze" features several illustrated scenes with captions. The top left drawing shows a coronation with a ruler seated on a throne, surrounded by attendants and onlookers. The top right illustration depicts an armored figure holding a weapon, labeled as the first Pole in Siberia in 1245. The bottom left scene shows a horse-drawn carriage traveling along a path with trees. The bottom right drawing portrays a runner in athletic clothing, identified as Stanley Wudyka, with a caption about Polish runners gaining recognition. Illustrations by Henry Archacki.</text>
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                <text>The description and alternative text may have been partially generated using an AI tool and may contain errors or omissions. </text>
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                    <text>Black-and-white illustrated page with drawings of historical scenes, a map of Europe, and a weightlifter holding a barbell</text>
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&#13;
In the mid-20th century, Polish Americans were simultaneously assimilating and realizing a new pride in their heritage, as Poland arose after World War I from over a century of partition. An unknown Buffalo subscriber clipped the cartoons in this collection from Buffalo’s Dziennik dla Wszystkich (Everybody’s Daily) from 1931 to 1952 and saved them in scrapbooks; the scrapbooks were recently acquired by Steven Piwowar and donated to UB’s Polish Collection. Mixing serious and light content, Archacki both enlightened and entertained his beloved Polonia.&#13;
&#13;
The first 200 cartoons of the total 1007 are presented here. All of the cartoons have been digitized, and we hope to obtain enough funds to complete the online collection soon. Visit Giving to UB for information on how to donate to the Polish Room Collection fund.&#13;
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              <elementText elementTextId="60020">
                <text>1933</text>
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          </element>
          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
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                <text>Gdynia (Poland)</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="60030">
                <text> Curie, Marie, 1867-1934</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="60031">
                <text> Zagurski, Walter</text>
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          <element elementId="51">
            <name>Type</name>
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                <text>Image</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="1867166">
                <text> </text>
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          </element>
          <element elementId="48">
            <name>Source</name>
            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="1866413">
                <text>Dziennik dia Wszystkich = Everybody's Daily</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="1866414">
                <text>State University of New York at Buffalo. University Libraries. Polish Room. </text>
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          </element>
          <element elementId="45">
            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="1866764">
                <text>State University of New York at Buffalo. University Libraries</text>
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          </element>
          <element elementId="42">
            <name>Format</name>
            <description>The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="1866965">
                <text>image/jpeg</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="105">
            <name>Is Part Of</name>
            <description>A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included.</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="1867367">
                <text>Archacki Cartoons. LIB-ASL003</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="1867568">
                <text>Archacki cartoon collection scrapbooks. MS-0180</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="44">
            <name>Language</name>
            <description>A language of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="1867769">
                <text>pol</text>
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            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="47">
            <name>Rights</name>
            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="1906228">
                <text>&lt;a href=""&gt;IN COPYRIGHT&lt;/a&gt;. This Item is protected by copyright and/or related rights. You are free to use this Item in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. For other uses you need to obtain permission from the rights-holder(s).</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="1916972">
                <text>Najstarszy dokument wymieniający nazwy plemion polskich. Illustrations by Henry Archacki.</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="1916973">
                <text> Dwie Gdynie w Europie. Illustrations by Henry Archacki.</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="1916974">
                <text> Córka Marji Skłodowskiej odkryła metal, który działa jak rad. Illustrations by Henry Archacki.</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="1916976">
                <text>The oldest document mentioning the names of the Polish tribes. Illustrations by Henry Archacki.</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="1916977">
                <text> Two Gdynias in Europe. Illustrations by Henry Archacki.</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="1916978">
                <text> The daughter of Maria Skłodowska discovered a metal that works like radium. Illustrations by Henry Archacki.</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="1918527">
                <text> 'Wally' Zagórski, szampjon dźwigania ciężarów. Illustrations by Henry Archacki.</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="1918528">
                <text> 'Wally' Zagórski, weightlifting champion. Illustrations by Henry Archacki.</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="1918529">
                <text>The page is a black-and-white illustrated print titled Czy Wiecie Ze with multiple sections combining drawings and text. At the top left, two figures on horseback are shown in front of a landscape, accompanied by a block of Polish text. To the right, there is a simple map of Europe with “Polska and “Gdynia marked. Below, another illustration depicts a historical or mythical scene with people in robes. At the bottom right, a muscular person is drawn holding a barbell, labeled as “Wally Zagorski.The page is framed with decorative lines and contains a mix of historical, geographical, and cultural references in Polish. Illustrations by Henry Archacki.</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="1982257">
                <text>The description and alternative text may have been partially generated using an AI tool and may contain errors or omissions. </text>
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  <item itemId="4144" public="1" featured="0">
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        <src>https://digital.lib.buffalo.edu/files/original/8d27e2211fb545a956979d36536491ff</src>
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              <element elementId="41">
                <name>Description</name>
                <description>An account of the resource</description>
                <elementTextContainer>
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                    <text>Front page of a Polish illustrated publication with drawings of historical and contemporary scenes, including a group in front of a doorway, a building, a carriage scene, and a portrait</text>
                  </elementText>
                </elementTextContainer>
              </element>
            </elementContainer>
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          <name>Dublin Core</name>
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            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                  <text>Archacki Cartoons</text>
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            <element elementId="41">
              <name>Description</name>
              <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                  <text>Henryk Archacki, 1907-1988, a Polish immigrant, journalist and well-known graphic artist, drew weekly cartoons for Polish-language newspapers for over 20 years. With his wife, he researched current events, sports, literature, and historical curiosities, and presented them in these factoid cartoons, with a strong flavor of pride in being Polish. This syndicated series was entitled “Czy wiecie, że…” (“Do you know that…”).&#13;
&#13;
In the mid-20th century, Polish Americans were simultaneously assimilating and realizing a new pride in their heritage, as Poland arose after World War I from over a century of partition. An unknown Buffalo subscriber clipped the cartoons in this collection from Buffalo’s Dziennik dla Wszystkich (Everybody’s Daily) from 1931 to 1952 and saved them in scrapbooks; the scrapbooks were recently acquired by Steven Piwowar and donated to UB’s Polish Collection. Mixing serious and light content, Archacki both enlightened and entertained his beloved Polonia.&#13;
&#13;
The first 200 cartoons of the total 1007 are presented here. All of the cartoons have been digitized, and we hope to obtain enough funds to complete the online collection soon. Visit Giving to UB for information on how to donate to the Polish Room Collection fund.&#13;
</text>
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            <element elementId="39">
              <name>Creator</name>
              <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="13558">
                  <text>Archacki, Henry, 1907-1998</text>
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            <element elementId="45">
              <name>Publisher</name>
              <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="13559">
                  <text>Dziennik dia Wszystkich = Everybody's Daily</text>
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                <elementText elementTextId="13560">
                  <text>State University of New York at Buffalo. University Libraries. Polish Room</text>
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            <element elementId="40">
              <name>Date</name>
              <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
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                <elementText elementTextId="13562">
                  <text>1931-1934</text>
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              <description>A language of the resource</description>
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                  <text>Pol</text>
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              <name>Type</name>
              <description>The nature or genre of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="13565">
                  <text>Image</text>
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              </elementTextContainer>
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            <element elementId="43">
              <name>Identifier</name>
              <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="13566">
                  <text>LIB-ASL003</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
          </elementContainer>
        </elementSet>
      </elementSetContainer>
    </collection>
    <itemType itemTypeId="6">
      <name>Still Image</name>
      <description>A static visual representation. Examples of still images are: paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps.  Recommended best practice is to assign the type "text" to images of textual materials.</description>
    </itemType>
    <elementSetContainer>
      <elementSet elementSetId="1">
        <name>Dublin Core</name>
        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
        <elementContainer>
          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="59988">
                <text>White House and Paderewski's room</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="43">
            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="59992">
                <text>bk02_pg0146</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="59993">
                <text>Archacki, Henry, 1907-1998</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="59994">
                <text>1934</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="60005">
                <text>Rejtan, Tadeusz, 1742-1780</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="60006">
                <text> Paderewski, Ignace Jan, 1860-1941</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="60007">
                <text> White House (Washington, D.C.)</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="60008">
                <text> Troski, Harold</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="51">
            <name>Type</name>
            <description>The nature or genre of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="60012">
                <text>Image</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="1867167">
                <text> </text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="48">
            <name>Source</name>
            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="1866415">
                <text>Dziennik dia Wszystkich = Everybody's Daily</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="1866416">
                <text>State University of New York at Buffalo. University Libraries. Polish Room. </text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="45">
            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="1866765">
                <text>State University of New York at Buffalo. University Libraries</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="42">
            <name>Format</name>
            <description>The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="1866966">
                <text>image/jpeg</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="105">
            <name>Is Part Of</name>
            <description>A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included.</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="1867368">
                <text>Archacki Cartoons. LIB-ASL003</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="1867569">
                <text>Archacki cartoon collection scrapbooks. MS-0180</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="44">
            <name>Language</name>
            <description>A language of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="1867770">
                <text>pol</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="47">
            <name>Rights</name>
            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="1906229">
                <text>&lt;a href=""&gt;IN COPYRIGHT&lt;/a&gt;. This Item is protected by copyright and/or related rights. You are free to use this Item in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. For other uses you need to obtain permission from the rights-holder(s).</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="1916981">
                <text>Śmierć Tadeusza Rejtana [z obrazu J. Matejki]. Illustrations by Henry Archacki.</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="1916982">
                <text> Specjalny pokój dla Paderewskiego w Białym Domu. Illustrations by Henry Archacki.</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="1916983">
                <text> Polacy na wojnie. Illustrations by Henry Archacki.</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="1916985">
                <text>The death of Tadeusz Rejtan [from J. Matejko's painting]. Illustrations by Henry Archacki.</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="1916986">
                <text> A special room for Paderewski in the White House. Illustrations by Henry Archacki.</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="1916987">
                <text> Poles at war. Illustrations by Henry Archacki.</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="1918530">
                <text> Harold Troski, najnowszy polski członek w Lidze Piłkowej. Illustrations by Henry Archacki.</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="1918531">
                <text> Harold Troski, the newest member of the Football League. Illustrations by Henry Archacki.</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="1918532">
                <text>The image is the front page of a Polish illustrated publication titled Czy Wiecie, Ze by Henryk Archacki. It features multiple black-and-white drawings. At the top, large bold text introduces the title, with a smaller banner above containing a slogan. Below, several illustrations are presented: a group of figures in front of a grand doorway with military and official presence; a building depicted to the right; a scene titled "Smierc Tadeusza Rejtana" showing a carriage and bystanders; and a portrait sketch labeled “Harold Troski.â€ Text captions accompany each scene, providing context. Illustrations by Henry Archacki.</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="1918924">
                <text>Obce rzeczy wiedzieć dobrze jest,-swoje, obowiązek! Illustrations by Henry Archacki.</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="1918925">
                <text>It's good to know foreign facts,-own, a duty! Illustrations by Henry Archacki.</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="1982258">
                <text>The description and alternative text may have been partially generated using an AI tool and may contain errors or omissions. </text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
        </elementContainer>
      </elementSet>
    </elementSetContainer>
  </item>
</itemContainer>
