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                <text> Album pamiątkowe i przewodnik handlowy : osady polskiej w mieście Buffalo, z dołączeniem okolicznych miejscowósci ze stanu New York. F129 .B89 P7325 1906</text>
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&lt;p&gt;This book is not only important to those of Polish ancestry, but to those interested in the history of Buffalo and Buffalo’s Polonia district. The photographs in the collection include important local landmarks from the turn of the century, local businesspeople, members of the clergy, and businesses mainly located on the East Side of Buffalo.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The entire book has been digitized and is located in the &lt;a href="https://ubir.buffalo.edu/xmlui/handle/10477/21537"&gt;UB Institutional Repository&lt;/a&gt;. Images of the book have been individually scanned and placed in a digital collection for improved access.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Over the next few months, we plan to have all of the almost 400 images from the Album pamiatkowe available online for those interested in the history and culture of Buffalo, New York.&lt;/p&gt;</text>
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                <text>He was one of the founders of A. Mickiewicz Dramatic Circles, Tow. Lute, the Association of Polish Land Ass., Tow. St. Bernard Nr. 107 Polish Union of America and the Union of printing Typographical Union No. 517 and worked at the New Age and the short time the album</text>
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                <text> Album pamiątkowe i przewodnik handlowy : osady polskiej w mieście Buffalo, z dołączeniem okolicznych miejscowósci ze stanu New York. F129 .B89 P7325 1906</text>
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&lt;p&gt;This book is not only important to those of Polish ancestry, but to those interested in the history of Buffalo and Buffalo’s Polonia district. The photographs in the collection include important local landmarks from the turn of the century, local businesspeople, members of the clergy, and businesses mainly located on the East Side of Buffalo.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The entire book has been digitized and is located in the &lt;a href="https://ubir.buffalo.edu/xmlui/handle/10477/21537"&gt;UB Institutional Repository&lt;/a&gt;. Images of the book have been individually scanned and placed in a digital collection for improved access.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Over the next few months, we plan to have all of the almost 400 images from the Album pamiatkowe available online for those interested in the history and culture of Buffalo, New York.&lt;/p&gt;</text>
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                <text>Ob. Józef Grochowski z rodziną</text>
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                <text>Z organizacyi polskich ob. Grochowski jest członkiem Związku Nar. Polskiego, nałeżąc do Tow. Czytełnia. Mieszka w swym własnym domu przy ul. Sycamore pod Nr. 1089.</text>
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                  <text>The Album pamiatkowe i przewodnik handlowy : osady polskiej w miescie Buffalo, z dolaczeniem okolicznych miejscowósci ze stanu New York is an important historical and genealogical resource for Buffalo and Western New York. The title, which translates to: “Souvenir album and commercial guide of the Polish settlements in the City of Buffalo, and neighboring villages in the State of New York.”, was first published in Buffalo in 1906 and is now available online. &lt;br /&gt;
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                <text>Ożeniony w r. 1894 z Emilią z Nowaków córką Karola, dochował się 5 dzieci:— Z organizacyj polskich należy do Unii Polskiej, No. 4 Tow. Synowie Królowy Polski i do chóru parafialnego św. Stanislawa.</text>
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&lt;p&gt;This book is not only important to those of Polish ancestry, but to those interested in the history of Buffalo and Buffalo’s Polonia district. The photographs in the collection include important local landmarks from the turn of the century, local businesspeople, members of the clergy, and businesses mainly located on the East Side of Buffalo.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The entire book has been digitized and is located in the &lt;a href="https://ubir.buffalo.edu/xmlui/handle/10477/21537"&gt;UB Institutional Repository&lt;/a&gt;. Images of the book have been individually scanned and placed in a digital collection for improved access.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Over the next few months, we plan to have all of the almost 400 images from the Album pamiatkowe available online for those interested in the history and culture of Buffalo, New York.&lt;/p&gt;</text>
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                <text>Karol J. Urban</text>
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                <text>Ob. Karol J. Urban bierze żywy udział w życiu narodowem należąc do Unii Polskiej gdzie w głównym zarądzie administracyjnym sprawował godność rewizora kasy, oraz dał się poznać jako dzielny delegat sejmowy.</text>
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&lt;p&gt;This book is not only important to those of Polish ancestry, but to those interested in the history of Buffalo and Buffalo’s Polonia district. The photographs in the collection include important local landmarks from the turn of the century, local businesspeople, members of the clergy, and businesses mainly located on the East Side of Buffalo.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The entire book has been digitized and is located in the &lt;a href="https://ubir.buffalo.edu/xmlui/handle/10477/21537"&gt;UB Institutional Repository&lt;/a&gt;. Images of the book have been individually scanned and placed in a digital collection for improved access.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Over the next few months, we plan to have all of the almost 400 images from the Album pamiatkowe available online for those interested in the history and culture of Buffalo, New York.&lt;/p&gt;</text>
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&lt;p&gt;This book is not only important to those of Polish ancestry, but to those interested in the history of Buffalo and Buffalo’s Polonia district. The photographs in the collection include important local landmarks from the turn of the century, local businesspeople, members of the clergy, and businesses mainly located on the East Side of Buffalo.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The entire book has been digitized and is located in the &lt;a href="https://ubir.buffalo.edu/xmlui/handle/10477/21537"&gt;UB Institutional Repository&lt;/a&gt;. Images of the book have been individually scanned and placed in a digital collection for improved access.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Over the next few months, we plan to have all of the almost 400 images from the Album pamiatkowe available online for those interested in the history and culture of Buffalo, New York.&lt;/p&gt;</text>
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                <text>A posed group portrait of a baseball team consisting of sixteen individuals arranged in three rows in front of a curtain backdrop. Most are wearing uniforms with caps and striped socks, with “PN” visible on the sleeves. Two individuals in the middle row wear suits, positioned among the players. Equipment such as a catcher’s mitt, chest protector, and bats are visible in front.</text>
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&lt;p&gt;This book is not only important to those of Polish ancestry, but to those interested in the history of Buffalo and Buffalo’s Polonia district. The photographs in the collection include important local landmarks from the turn of the century, local businesspeople, members of the clergy, and businesses mainly located on the East Side of Buffalo.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The entire book has been digitized and is located in the &lt;a href="https://ubir.buffalo.edu/xmlui/handle/10477/21537"&gt;UB Institutional Repository&lt;/a&gt;. Images of the book have been individually scanned and placed in a digital collection for improved access.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Over the next few months, we plan to have all of the almost 400 images from the Album pamiatkowe available online for those interested in the history and culture of Buffalo, New York.&lt;/p&gt;</text>
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                <text>Po wysłużenia w wojsku przy polnej artyleryi, wyruszył do Ameryki i jako zawodowy krawiec osiadł na stłle w Buffalo, gdzie początkowo pracował w pierwszorzędnych zakładach krawieckich, poczem założył na własną rękę warsztat krawiecki, który obecnie prowadzi pod Nr. 521 Fillmore Ave.</text>
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                <text>State University of New York at Buffalo. University Libraries. Polish Room</text>
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                <text> Album pamiątkowe i przewodnik handlowy : osady polskiej w mieście Buffalo, z dołączeniem okolicznych miejscowósci ze stanu New York. F129 .B89 P7325 1906</text>
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                  <text>The Album pamiatkowe i przewodnik handlowy : osady polskiej w miescie Buffalo, z dolaczeniem okolicznych miejscowósci ze stanu New York is an important historical and genealogical resource for Buffalo and Western New York. The title, which translates to: “Souvenir album and commercial guide of the Polish settlements in the City of Buffalo, and neighboring villages in the State of New York.”, was first published in Buffalo in 1906 and is now available online. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;p&gt;This book is not only important to those of Polish ancestry, but to those interested in the history of Buffalo and Buffalo’s Polonia district. The photographs in the collection include important local landmarks from the turn of the century, local businesspeople, members of the clergy, and businesses mainly located on the East Side of Buffalo.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The entire book has been digitized and is located in the &lt;a href="https://ubir.buffalo.edu/xmlui/handle/10477/21537"&gt;UB Institutional Repository&lt;/a&gt;. Images of the book have been individually scanned and placed in a digital collection for improved access.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Over the next few months, we plan to have all of the almost 400 images from the Album pamiatkowe available online for those interested in the history and culture of Buffalo, New York.&lt;/p&gt;</text>
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                <text>Do grona najstarszych osadników polskich, gdy ogółem mieszkało w Buffalo, 20 rodzin i ani kościoła ani szkoły polskiej to nie było — należy ob. August Stromski rodem z Kartuz, dziś już 74 letni starzec, który wraz z żoną Józefą z Uhlenbergów rodem ze Starego Grabowo w r. 1872 przybył do Buffalo, czyli 6 miesięcy przed ks. Janem Pitassem i przez 36 lat należy do parafii św. Stanislawa B. M.</text>
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                <text>State University of New York at Buffalo. University Libraries. Polish Room</text>
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                <text>Album Pamiątkowe: a guide to Buffalo’s Polonia from 1906. LIB-008</text>
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                <text> Album pamiątkowe i przewodnik handlowy : osady polskiej w mieście Buffalo, z dołączeniem okolicznych miejscowósci ze stanu New York. F129 .B89 P7325 1906</text>
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                  <text>The Album pamiatkowe i przewodnik handlowy : osady polskiej w miescie Buffalo, z dolaczeniem okolicznych miejscowósci ze stanu New York is an important historical and genealogical resource for Buffalo and Western New York. The title, which translates to: “Souvenir album and commercial guide of the Polish settlements in the City of Buffalo, and neighboring villages in the State of New York.”, was first published in Buffalo in 1906 and is now available online. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;p&gt;This book is not only important to those of Polish ancestry, but to those interested in the history of Buffalo and Buffalo’s Polonia district. The photographs in the collection include important local landmarks from the turn of the century, local businesspeople, members of the clergy, and businesses mainly located on the East Side of Buffalo.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The entire book has been digitized and is located in the &lt;a href="https://ubir.buffalo.edu/xmlui/handle/10477/21537"&gt;UB Institutional Repository&lt;/a&gt;. Images of the book have been individually scanned and placed in a digital collection for improved access.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Over the next few months, we plan to have all of the almost 400 images from the Album pamiatkowe available online for those interested in the history and culture of Buffalo, New York.&lt;/p&gt;</text>
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                <text>Antoni Lukaszewicz</text>
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                <text>Ojciec jego przykładny wielce i na wskróś uczciwy obywatel Antoni Łukaszewicz, szanowany powszechnie dla swej prawości charakte ru a przytem gorliwy patryota, urodził się w r. 1847 w Mieścisku.</text>
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                <text>Franciszek Łukaszewicz's father was exemplary and very thoroughly upright citizen Antoni Lukaszewicz, widely respected for his righteousness characterized ru and besides zealous patryota (patriotism?), was born in 1847 in Mieścisko.</text>
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&lt;p&gt;This book is not only important to those of Polish ancestry, but to those interested in the history of Buffalo and Buffalo’s Polonia district. The photographs in the collection include important local landmarks from the turn of the century, local businesspeople, members of the clergy, and businesses mainly located on the East Side of Buffalo.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The entire book has been digitized and is located in the &lt;a href="https://ubir.buffalo.edu/xmlui/handle/10477/21537"&gt;UB Institutional Repository&lt;/a&gt;. Images of the book have been individually scanned and placed in a digital collection for improved access.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Over the next few months, we plan to have all of the almost 400 images from the Album pamiatkowe available online for those interested in the history and culture of Buffalo, New York.&lt;/p&gt;</text>
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                <text>Jańczak przybył do Buffalo, gdzie już na stałe osiadł i przed dziesięciu laty założył na własną rękę interes, który przy pilnem a rzetelnem prowadzeniu, tem bardziej, że od lat 24 jest krawcem.</text>
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                <text> Album pamiątkowe i przewodnik handlowy : osady polskiej w mieście Buffalo, z dołączeniem okolicznych miejscowósci ze stanu New York. F129 .B89 P7325 1906</text>
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                <text>Karol Kawa z żoną</text>
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                <text>Karol Kawa prowadzący salon pod Nr. 1405 Broadway od r. 1902.</text>
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                <text> Couples</text>
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                <text> Album pamiątkowe i przewodnik handlowy : osady polskiej w mieście Buffalo, z dołączeniem okolicznych miejscowósci ze stanu New York. F129 .B89 P7325 1906</text>
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                  <text>The Album pamiatkowe i przewodnik handlowy : osady polskiej w miescie Buffalo, z dolaczeniem okolicznych miejscowósci ze stanu New York is an important historical and genealogical resource for Buffalo and Western New York. The title, which translates to: “Souvenir album and commercial guide of the Polish settlements in the City of Buffalo, and neighboring villages in the State of New York.”, was first published in Buffalo in 1906 and is now available online. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;p&gt;This book is not only important to those of Polish ancestry, but to those interested in the history of Buffalo and Buffalo’s Polonia district. The photographs in the collection include important local landmarks from the turn of the century, local businesspeople, members of the clergy, and businesses mainly located on the East Side of Buffalo.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The entire book has been digitized and is located in the &lt;a href="https://ubir.buffalo.edu/xmlui/handle/10477/21537"&gt;UB Institutional Repository&lt;/a&gt;. Images of the book have been individually scanned and placed in a digital collection for improved access.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Over the next few months, we plan to have all of the almost 400 images from the Album pamiatkowe available online for those interested in the history and culture of Buffalo, New York.&lt;/p&gt;</text>
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          <element elementId="50">
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                <text>Wiel. ks. Andrzej Garstka</text>
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                <text>Po śmierci ks. Schultza, dnia 12 maja 1906 objął parafię ks. Andrzej Garstka, który pobudował dom dla Sióstr Felicyanek kosztem $11,000. Parafia liczy 500 rodzin i 350 dzieci szkolnych.</text>
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                <text>The Great Fr. Andrzej Garstka</text>
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                <text>After the death of Fr. Schultz, on May 12, 1906 became a parish priest. Andrzej Garstka, who built a house for the Sisters Felicyanek cost of $11,000. The parish has 500 families and 350 school children.</text>
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                <text>A portrait of a man wearing round glasses and clerical attire. He has short, neatly combed dark hair and a calm expression. The dark robe has buttons down the front and a white clerical collar.</text>
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                <text>Portraits </text>
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                <text> Religious</text>
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                <text>Priests--New York (State)--Buffalo </text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="1871221">
                <text> Priests--1900-1910</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="1868842">
                <text>State University of New York at Buffalo. University Libraries. Polish Room</text>
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          <element elementId="45">
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              <elementText elementTextId="1869276">
                <text>State University of New York at Buffalo. University Libraries</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="1869846">
                <text>Album Pamiątkowe: a guide to Buffalo’s Polonia from 1906. LIB-008</text>
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                <text> Album pamiątkowe i przewodnik handlowy : osady polskiej w mieście Buffalo, z dołączeniem okolicznych miejscowósci ze stanu New York. F129 .B89 P7325 1906</text>
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            <description>The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="1870516">
                <text> image/jpeg</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="1900397">
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                    <text>Portrait of a man with a mustache wearing a suit, vest, and bow tie, oval-framed.</text>
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                  <text>The Album pamiatkowe i przewodnik handlowy : osady polskiej w miescie Buffalo, z dolaczeniem okolicznych miejscowósci ze stanu New York is an important historical and genealogical resource for Buffalo and Western New York. The title, which translates to: “Souvenir album and commercial guide of the Polish settlements in the City of Buffalo, and neighboring villages in the State of New York.”, was first published in Buffalo in 1906 and is now available online. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;p&gt;This book is not only important to those of Polish ancestry, but to those interested in the history of Buffalo and Buffalo’s Polonia district. The photographs in the collection include important local landmarks from the turn of the century, local businesspeople, members of the clergy, and businesses mainly located on the East Side of Buffalo.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The entire book has been digitized and is located in the &lt;a href="https://ubir.buffalo.edu/xmlui/handle/10477/21537"&gt;UB Institutional Repository&lt;/a&gt;. Images of the book have been individually scanned and placed in a digital collection for improved access.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Over the next few months, we plan to have all of the almost 400 images from the Album pamiatkowe available online for those interested in the history and culture of Buffalo, New York.&lt;/p&gt;</text>
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                  <text>State University of New York at Buffalo. University Libraries. Polish Room</text>
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          <element elementId="50">
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                <text>Jakób Pacanowski</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="472428">
                <text>Na zakupionej realności pod Nr. 412 Wasson ave, wzniósł piękny budynek gdzie założył wielką grosernię a równocześnie zakład rzeżniczy, skład drzewa i węgli.</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="472430">
                <text>In reality purchased 412 Wasson Ave, erected a beautiful building where he founded the great grocery while undertaking butcher, the trees and coals.</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="1861150">
                <text>An oval-framed portrait of a man shown from the chest up. He has short dark hair, a full mustache, and is dressed in a dark suit with a white shirt, vest, and a light-colored bow tie. The background is plain.</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="1979573">
                <text>The description and alternative text may have been partially generated using an AI tool and may contain errors or omissions. </text>
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                <text>Portraits </text>
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                <text>Grocers--New York (State)--Buffalo </text>
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                <text> Grocers--1900-1910 </text>
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                <text> Businessmen--New York (State)--Buffalo</text>
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                <text> Album pamiątkowe i przewodnik handlowy : osady polskiej w mieście Buffalo, z dołączeniem okolicznych miejscowósci ze stanu New York. F129 .B89 P7325 1906</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="1900396">
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                <text>Ob. Adam Korejsza z rodziną</text>
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                <text>Adamem Korejsza w West Seneca N. Y. prowadzącym pierwszorzędny salun przy ulicy Center Nr. 510 we własnym domu.</text>
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                <text>Adam Korejsza with family</text>
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                <text>Adam Korejsza in West Seneca NY leading prime salon at 510 Center Street, in his own home.</text>
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                <text>A formal studio portrait of a family consisting of five members. A woman is seated at the center holding an infant dressed in a long white gown. Standing beside her is a man in a dark suit with a bow tie, and around them are three children: a girl in a dress with ribbons in her hair and a necklace, and two young boys in suits. The backdrop is painted with a neutral design.</text>
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                <text> Businessmen-- New York (State)--Buffalo</text>
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                <text> Album pamiątkowe i przewodnik handlowy : osady polskiej w mieście Buffalo, z dołączeniem okolicznych miejscowósci ze stanu New York. F129 .B89 P7325 1906</text>
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&lt;p&gt;This book is not only important to those of Polish ancestry, but to those interested in the history of Buffalo and Buffalo’s Polonia district. The photographs in the collection include important local landmarks from the turn of the century, local businesspeople, members of the clergy, and businesses mainly located on the East Side of Buffalo.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The entire book has been digitized and is located in the &lt;a href="https://ubir.buffalo.edu/xmlui/handle/10477/21537"&gt;UB Institutional Repository&lt;/a&gt;. Images of the book have been individually scanned and placed in a digital collection for improved access.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Over the next few months, we plan to have all of the almost 400 images from the Album pamiatkowe available online for those interested in the history and culture of Buffalo, New York.&lt;/p&gt;</text>
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                <text>W kóncu w r. 1903 ob. Kwiatkowski założył własną piekarnię zakupując loty pod Nr. 512-516 Ingham Ave. w West Seneca, gdzie wzniośł piękny budynek.</text>
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                <text>Finally, in 1903, ob. Kwiatkowski founded a bakery buying flights (?) at 512-516 Ingham Ave. in West Seneca, where he erected a beautiful building.</text>
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                <text>A man stands outdoors in front of dense foliage. He has short hair and a mustache, and is dressed in a three-piece suit with a bow tie. He holds a bowler hat at his side with one hand while his other hand rests loosely at his side.</text>
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                <text>Portraits </text>
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                <text> Mustaches</text>
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                <text>Bakers--New York (State)--Buffalo </text>
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                <text> Businessmen--1900-1910 </text>
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                <text> Businessmen--New York (State)--Buffalo</text>
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                <text>State University of New York at Buffalo. University Libraries. Polish Room</text>
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                <text>State University of New York at Buffalo. University Libraries</text>
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                <text>Album Pamiątkowe: a guide to Buffalo’s Polonia from 1906. LIB-008</text>
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                <text> Album pamiątkowe i przewodnik handlowy : osady polskiej w mieście Buffalo, z dołączeniem okolicznych miejscowósci ze stanu New York. F129 .B89 P7325 1906</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="1900394">
                <text>&lt;a href=""&gt;NO COPYRIGHT – UNITED STATES&lt;/a&gt;. The organization that has made the Item available believes that the Item is in the Public Domain under the laws of the United States, but a determination was not made as to its copyright status under the copyright laws of other countries. The Item may not be in the Public Domain under the laws of other countries. Please refer to the organization that has made the Item available for more information.</text>
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                    <text>Wooden two-story grocery and bakery with people on the porch and a horse-drawn wagon in front.</text>
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&lt;p&gt;This book is not only important to those of Polish ancestry, but to those interested in the history of Buffalo and Buffalo’s Polonia district. The photographs in the collection include important local landmarks from the turn of the century, local businesspeople, members of the clergy, and businesses mainly located on the East Side of Buffalo.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The entire book has been digitized and is located in the &lt;a href="https://ubir.buffalo.edu/xmlui/handle/10477/21537"&gt;UB Institutional Repository&lt;/a&gt;. Images of the book have been individually scanned and placed in a digital collection for improved access.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Over the next few months, we plan to have all of the almost 400 images from the Album pamiatkowe available online for those interested in the history and culture of Buffalo, New York.&lt;/p&gt;</text>
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                <text>Piekarnia ob. Kwiatkowskiego</text>
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                <text>Bakery of Kwiatkowski</text>
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                <text>A two-story wooden building with a steep gabled roof and large front windows shaded by awnings. Signs on the windows read “Groceries” and “Family Market Bakery.” Several people are standing on the porch and in front of the store, including children and adults. A horse-drawn wagon is positioned on the left, with two people standing nearby. Trees surround the building.</text>
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                <text>Buildings </text>
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                <text> Businesses</text>
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                <text> Bakeries--New York (State)--Buffalo</text>
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                <text> Album pamiątkowe i przewodnik handlowy : osady polskiej w mieście Buffalo, z dołączeniem okolicznych miejscowósci ze stanu New York. F129 .B89 P7325 1906</text>
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                  <text>The Album pamiatkowe i przewodnik handlowy : osady polskiej w miescie Buffalo, z dolaczeniem okolicznych miejscowósci ze stanu New York is an important historical and genealogical resource for Buffalo and Western New York. The title, which translates to: “Souvenir album and commercial guide of the Polish settlements in the City of Buffalo, and neighboring villages in the State of New York.”, was first published in Buffalo in 1906 and is now available online. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;p&gt;This book is not only important to those of Polish ancestry, but to those interested in the history of Buffalo and Buffalo’s Polonia district. The photographs in the collection include important local landmarks from the turn of the century, local businesspeople, members of the clergy, and businesses mainly located on the East Side of Buffalo.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The entire book has been digitized and is located in the &lt;a href="https://ubir.buffalo.edu/xmlui/handle/10477/21537"&gt;UB Institutional Repository&lt;/a&gt;. Images of the book have been individually scanned and placed in a digital collection for improved access.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Over the next few months, we plan to have all of the almost 400 images from the Album pamiatkowe available online for those interested in the history and culture of Buffalo, New York.&lt;/p&gt;</text>
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                <text>Ob. Jan Tomala z rodziną</text>
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                <text>Ktokolwiek zna West Seneca — miejscowość fabryczną — przylegającą do Buffalo i przechodził przez ulicę Wasson, ten zapewne zwrócił baczną uwagę na piękny murowany dom pod Nr. 451 oraz przyległy dom pod Nr. 455, które to obydwa okazałe budynki należą do małżonków Jana i Teresy Tomalów utrzymujących tamże pierwszorzędny salun,</text>
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                <text>Anyone who knows the West Seneca - factory town - adjacent to Buffalo and crossed the street Wasson, this probably drew close attention to the beautiful brick house at no. 451 and the adjacent house at no. 455, which is both impressive buildings belong to the spouses of John and Teresa Tomalów persistent prime salun ibid.,</text>
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                <text> Businessmen &#13;
-- New York (State)--Buffalo</text>
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                <text>State University of New York at Buffalo. University Libraries. Polish Room</text>
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                <text> Album pamiątkowe i przewodnik handlowy : osady polskiej w mieście Buffalo, z dołączeniem okolicznych miejscowósci ze stanu New York. F129 .B89 P7325 1906</text>
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                <text>&lt;a href=""&gt;NO COPYRIGHT – UNITED STATES&lt;/a&gt;. The organization that has made the Item available believes that the Item is in the Public Domain under the laws of the United States, but a determination was not made as to its copyright status under the copyright laws of other countries. The Item may not be in the Public Domain under the laws of other countries. Please refer to the organization that has made the Item available for more information.</text>
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&lt;p&gt;This book is not only important to those of Polish ancestry, but to those interested in the history of Buffalo and Buffalo’s Polonia district. The photographs in the collection include important local landmarks from the turn of the century, local businesspeople, members of the clergy, and businesses mainly located on the East Side of Buffalo.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The entire book has been digitized and is located in the &lt;a href="https://ubir.buffalo.edu/xmlui/handle/10477/21537"&gt;UB Institutional Repository&lt;/a&gt;. Images of the book have been individually scanned and placed in a digital collection for improved access.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Over the next few months, we plan to have all of the almost 400 images from the Album pamiatkowe available online for those interested in the history and culture of Buffalo, New York.&lt;/p&gt;</text>
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                <text>536</text>
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            <name>Title</name>
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                <text>Jan Uliński</text>
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                <text>Początkowo założył ob. Uliński salun na Detroit i Peckham, skląd się przeniósł na Coit i Peckham. Zakupił więc realność 457 przy Wasson Ave, gdzie do dzisiaj interes z powodzeniem prowadzi</text>
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                <text>Uliński originally founded a  salun at Detroit and Peckham, then moved on to Coit and Peckham. Then he bought 457 Wasson Ave, where today the business successfully carries on. </text>
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                <text>An oval-framed portrait of a man shown from the chest up. He has short, neatly styled hair and no facial hair. He is dressed in a dark suit with a high-collared white shirt and a light tie or cravat. The background is plain.</text>
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                <text>Bars (Drinking establishments)--New York (State)--Buffalo </text>
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                <text> Businessmen-- New York (State)--Buffalo</text>
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                <text>State University of New York at Buffalo. University Libraries. Polish Room</text>
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                <text> Album pamiątkowe i przewodnik handlowy : osady polskiej w mieście Buffalo, z dołączeniem okolicznych miejscowósci ze stanu New York. F129 .B89 P7325 1906</text>
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                    <text>Three-story brick building with mansard roof, central tower with cross, and rows of tall windows.</text>
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                  <text>The Album pamiatkowe i przewodnik handlowy : osady polskiej w miescie Buffalo, z dolaczeniem okolicznych miejscowósci ze stanu New York is an important historical and genealogical resource for Buffalo and Western New York. The title, which translates to: “Souvenir album and commercial guide of the Polish settlements in the City of Buffalo, and neighboring villages in the State of New York.”, was first published in Buffalo in 1906 and is now available online. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;p&gt;This book is not only important to those of Polish ancestry, but to those interested in the history of Buffalo and Buffalo’s Polonia district. The photographs in the collection include important local landmarks from the turn of the century, local businesspeople, members of the clergy, and businesses mainly located on the East Side of Buffalo.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The entire book has been digitized and is located in the &lt;a href="https://ubir.buffalo.edu/xmlui/handle/10477/21537"&gt;UB Institutional Repository&lt;/a&gt;. Images of the book have been individually scanned and placed in a digital collection for improved access.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Over the next few months, we plan to have all of the almost 400 images from the Album pamiatkowe available online for those interested in the history and culture of Buffalo, New York.&lt;/p&gt;</text>
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                <text>Parafia św. Józefata w Cheektowaga, N.Y.</text>
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                <text>Zorganizowana w r. 1905.— Proboszczem pierwszym był ks. Andrzej Garstka.</text>
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                <text>Organized in 1905. - First pastor was Fr. Andrzej Garstka.</text>
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                <text>A rectangular brick institutional building with three stories and a mansard-style roof. The front façade features a central gabled section with an arched doorway and a belfry tower topped by a cross. Rows of tall narrow windows line the sides, with dormer windows along the roofline.</text>
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                <text>State University of New York at Buffalo. University Libraries. Polish Room</text>
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                <text>Album Pamiątkowe: a guide to Buffalo’s Polonia from 1906. LIB-008</text>
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                <text> Album pamiątkowe i przewodnik handlowy : osady polskiej w mieście Buffalo, z dołączeniem okolicznych miejscowósci ze stanu New York. F129 .B89 P7325 1906</text>
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                <text>&lt;a href=""&gt;NO COPYRIGHT – UNITED STATES&lt;/a&gt;. The organization that has made the Item available believes that the Item is in the Public Domain under the laws of the United States, but a determination was not made as to its copyright status under the copyright laws of other countries. The Item may not be in the Public Domain under the laws of other countries. Please refer to the organization that has made the Item available for more information.</text>
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                  <text>The Album pamiatkowe i przewodnik handlowy : osady polskiej w miescie Buffalo, z dolaczeniem okolicznych miejscowósci ze stanu New York is an important historical and genealogical resource for Buffalo and Western New York. The title, which translates to: “Souvenir album and commercial guide of the Polish settlements in the City of Buffalo, and neighboring villages in the State of New York.”, was first published in Buffalo in 1906 and is now available online. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;p&gt;This book is not only important to those of Polish ancestry, but to those interested in the history of Buffalo and Buffalo’s Polonia district. The photographs in the collection include important local landmarks from the turn of the century, local businesspeople, members of the clergy, and businesses mainly located on the East Side of Buffalo.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The entire book has been digitized and is located in the &lt;a href="https://ubir.buffalo.edu/xmlui/handle/10477/21537"&gt;UB Institutional Repository&lt;/a&gt;. Images of the book have been individually scanned and placed in a digital collection for improved access.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Over the next few months, we plan to have all of the almost 400 images from the Album pamiatkowe available online for those interested in the history and culture of Buffalo, New York.&lt;/p&gt;</text>
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                <text>Ks. Władysław Szczepan Hordych</text>
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                <text>ur. 18 czerwca 1873 w Dunkirk</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="472507">
                <text> wyświęcony w Buffalo N. Y. 17 grudnia 1898 pełnił obowiązki asystenta przez 3 lata przy parafii Przemienienia Pańskiego. Poczem w r. 1906 objął rektorat parafii św. Józefata w Cheektowaga, N.Y. </text>
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                <text>Fr. Władysław Szczepan Hordych</text>
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                <text>Born June 18, 1873 in Dunkirk</text>
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                <text> ordained in Buffalo, NY December 17, 1898, he served as an assistant for three years at the Parish of the Transfiguration. After which in 1906 became rector's parish of St. Józefat in Cheektowaga, N. Y.</text>
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                <text>An oval-framed portrait of a man shown from the chest up. He has short, curly hair and a clean-shaven face. He is wearing a dark clerical suit with a white clerical collar. The background is plain.</text>
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                <text>The description and alternative text may have been partially generated using an AI tool and may contain errors or omissions. </text>
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            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
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                <text>Portraits </text>
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                <text> Religious</text>
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                <text>Priests--New York (State)--Buffalo </text>
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                <text> Priests--1900-1910</text>
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            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="1868834">
                <text>State University of New York at Buffalo. University Libraries. Polish Room</text>
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            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="1869268">
                <text>State University of New York at Buffalo. University Libraries</text>
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            <description>A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included.</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="1869838">
                <text>Album Pamiątkowe: a guide to Buffalo’s Polonia from 1906. LIB-008</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="1870173">
                <text> Album pamiątkowe i przewodnik handlowy : osady polskiej w mieście Buffalo, z dołączeniem okolicznych miejscowósci ze stanu New York. F129 .B89 P7325 1906</text>
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                <text>Image</text>
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            <name>Rights</name>
            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="1900389">
                <text>&lt;a href=""&gt;NO COPYRIGHT – UNITED STATES&lt;/a&gt;. The organization that has made the Item available believes that the Item is in the Public Domain under the laws of the United States, but a determination was not made as to its copyright status under the copyright laws of other countries. The Item may not be in the Public Domain under the laws of other countries. Please refer to the organization that has made the Item available for more information.</text>
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                    <text>Brick church with central tower, arched windows, and cross at the roof peak.</text>
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                  <text>The Album pamiatkowe i przewodnik handlowy : osady polskiej w miescie Buffalo, z dolaczeniem okolicznych miejscowósci ze stanu New York is an important historical and genealogical resource for Buffalo and Western New York. The title, which translates to: “Souvenir album and commercial guide of the Polish settlements in the City of Buffalo, and neighboring villages in the State of New York.”, was first published in Buffalo in 1906 and is now available online. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;p&gt;This book is not only important to those of Polish ancestry, but to those interested in the history of Buffalo and Buffalo’s Polonia district. The photographs in the collection include important local landmarks from the turn of the century, local businesspeople, members of the clergy, and businesses mainly located on the East Side of Buffalo.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The entire book has been digitized and is located in the &lt;a href="https://ubir.buffalo.edu/xmlui/handle/10477/21537"&gt;UB Institutional Repository&lt;/a&gt;. Images of the book have been individually scanned and placed in a digital collection for improved access.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Over the next few months, we plan to have all of the almost 400 images from the Album pamiatkowe available online for those interested in the history and culture of Buffalo, New York.&lt;/p&gt;</text>
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                  <text>State University of New York at Buffalo. University Libraries. Polish Room</text>
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                <text>538</text>
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            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                <text>Parafia Przemienienia Pańskiego w Olean N.Y.</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
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          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="472519">
                <text>Założona w r. 1902 przez ks. Wł. Hordycha. Drugim proboszczem był ks. Konstantyn Brzoska, a trzecim obecny rektor ks. Leonard Podlewski.</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="472521">
                <text>Parish of the Transfiguration in Olean N. Y.</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="472522">
                <text>Founded in 1902 by Fr. Wł. Hordycha. The second pastor was Fr. Constantine Brzoska, and the third current rector, Fr. Leonard Podlewski.</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="1861134">
                <text>A historic brick church with a tall central tower topped by a steep roof and cross. The tower features arched louvered openings, decorative brickwork, and a large circular window with tracery above the main entrance. Flanking sections of the building have pointed-arch windows with stained glass. A fence runs along the front, and small trees are planted near the entrance.</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="1979565">
                <text>The description and alternative text may have been partially generated using an AI tool and may contain errors or omissions. </text>
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          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="472524">
                <text>Buildings </text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="472525">
                <text> Churches</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="1871198">
                <text>Church buildings--New York (State)--Buffalo </text>
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            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
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            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="1868833">
                <text>State University of New York at Buffalo. University Libraries. Polish Room</text>
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            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="1869267">
                <text>State University of New York at Buffalo. University Libraries</text>
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            </elementTextContainer>
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                <text>Album Pamiątkowe: a guide to Buffalo’s Polonia from 1906. LIB-008</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="1870172">
                <text> Album pamiątkowe i przewodnik handlowy : osady polskiej w mieście Buffalo, z dołączeniem okolicznych miejscowósci ze stanu New York. F129 .B89 P7325 1906</text>
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                <text>Image</text>
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            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="1900388">
                <text>&lt;a href=""&gt;NO COPYRIGHT – UNITED STATES&lt;/a&gt;. The organization that has made the Item available believes that the Item is in the Public Domain under the laws of the United States, but a determination was not made as to its copyright status under the copyright laws of other countries. The Item may not be in the Public Domain under the laws of other countries. Please refer to the organization that has made the Item available for more information.</text>
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&lt;p&gt;This book is not only important to those of Polish ancestry, but to those interested in the history of Buffalo and Buffalo’s Polonia district. The photographs in the collection include important local landmarks from the turn of the century, local businesspeople, members of the clergy, and businesses mainly located on the East Side of Buffalo.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The entire book has been digitized and is located in the &lt;a href="https://ubir.buffalo.edu/xmlui/handle/10477/21537"&gt;UB Institutional Repository&lt;/a&gt;. Images of the book have been individually scanned and placed in a digital collection for improved access.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Over the next few months, we plan to have all of the almost 400 images from the Album pamiatkowe available online for those interested in the history and culture of Buffalo, New York.&lt;/p&gt;</text>
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&lt;p&gt;This book is not only important to those of Polish ancestry, but to those interested in the history of Buffalo and Buffalo’s Polonia district. The photographs in the collection include important local landmarks from the turn of the century, local businesspeople, members of the clergy, and businesses mainly located on the East Side of Buffalo.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The entire book has been digitized and is located in the &lt;a href="https://ubir.buffalo.edu/xmlui/handle/10477/21537"&gt;UB Institutional Repository&lt;/a&gt;. Images of the book have been individually scanned and placed in a digital collection for improved access.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Over the next few months, we plan to have all of the almost 400 images from the Album pamiatkowe available online for those interested in the history and culture of Buffalo, New York.&lt;/p&gt;</text>
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                <text>Franciszek Kujawa</text>
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                <text>Gdzie przerzucał się z interesu do interesu, poczem wyjechał do Olean w r. 1899, gdzie od lat 8 prowadzi salun przy ulicy 1121 North Union.</text>
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&lt;p&gt;This book is not only important to those of Polish ancestry, but to those interested in the history of Buffalo and Buffalo’s Polonia district. The photographs in the collection include important local landmarks from the turn of the century, local businesspeople, members of the clergy, and businesses mainly located on the East Side of Buffalo.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The entire book has been digitized and is located in the &lt;a href="https://ubir.buffalo.edu/xmlui/handle/10477/21537"&gt;UB Institutional Repository&lt;/a&gt;. Images of the book have been individually scanned and placed in a digital collection for improved access.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Over the next few months, we plan to have all of the almost 400 images from the Album pamiatkowe available online for those interested in the history and culture of Buffalo, New York.&lt;/p&gt;</text>
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&lt;p&gt;This book is not only important to those of Polish ancestry, but to those interested in the history of Buffalo and Buffalo’s Polonia district. The photographs in the collection include important local landmarks from the turn of the century, local businesspeople, members of the clergy, and businesses mainly located on the East Side of Buffalo.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The entire book has been digitized and is located in the &lt;a href="https://ubir.buffalo.edu/xmlui/handle/10477/21537"&gt;UB Institutional Repository&lt;/a&gt;. Images of the book have been individually scanned and placed in a digital collection for improved access.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Over the next few months, we plan to have all of the almost 400 images from the Album pamiatkowe available online for those interested in the history and culture of Buffalo, New York.&lt;/p&gt;</text>
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&lt;p&gt;This book is not only important to those of Polish ancestry, but to those interested in the history of Buffalo and Buffalo’s Polonia district. The photographs in the collection include important local landmarks from the turn of the century, local businesspeople, members of the clergy, and businesses mainly located on the East Side of Buffalo.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The entire book has been digitized and is located in the &lt;a href="https://ubir.buffalo.edu/xmlui/handle/10477/21537"&gt;UB Institutional Repository&lt;/a&gt;. Images of the book have been individually scanned and placed in a digital collection for improved access.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Over the next few months, we plan to have all of the almost 400 images from the Album pamiatkowe available online for those interested in the history and culture of Buffalo, New York.&lt;/p&gt;</text>
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                <text> Album pamiątkowe i przewodnik handlowy : osady polskiej w mieście Buffalo, z dołączeniem okolicznych miejscowósci ze stanu New York. F129 .B89 P7325 1906</text>
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                  <text>The Album pamiatkowe i przewodnik handlowy : osady polskiej w miescie Buffalo, z dolaczeniem okolicznych miejscowósci ze stanu New York is an important historical and genealogical resource for Buffalo and Western New York. The title, which translates to: “Souvenir album and commercial guide of the Polish settlements in the City of Buffalo, and neighboring villages in the State of New York.”, was first published in Buffalo in 1906 and is now available online. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;p&gt;This book is not only important to those of Polish ancestry, but to those interested in the history of Buffalo and Buffalo’s Polonia district. The photographs in the collection include important local landmarks from the turn of the century, local businesspeople, members of the clergy, and businesses mainly located on the East Side of Buffalo.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The entire book has been digitized and is located in the &lt;a href="https://ubir.buffalo.edu/xmlui/handle/10477/21537"&gt;UB Institutional Repository&lt;/a&gt;. Images of the book have been individually scanned and placed in a digital collection for improved access.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Over the next few months, we plan to have all of the almost 400 images from the Album pamiatkowe available online for those interested in the history and culture of Buffalo, New York.&lt;/p&gt;</text>
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                <text>Szkoła parafialna św. Jana Kantego</text>
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                <text>Parish school of St. John Cantius</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="1861103">
                <text>A historic multi-story brick building with Gothic and Romanesque architectural features. It has arched windows, a tall central gable with a cross at the peak, and a round corner tower with a conical roof. A tall chimney rises from one side, and a metal fence runs along the foreground.</text>
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                <text> Churches</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="1868818">
                <text>State University of New York at Buffalo. University Libraries. Polish Room</text>
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                <text>State University of New York at Buffalo. University Libraries</text>
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                <text>Album Pamiątkowe: a guide to Buffalo’s Polonia from 1906. LIB-008</text>
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                <text> Album pamiątkowe i przewodnik handlowy : osady polskiej w mieście Buffalo, z dołączeniem okolicznych miejscowósci ze stanu New York. F129 .B89 P7325 1906</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="1900373">
                <text>&lt;a href=""&gt;NO COPYRIGHT – UNITED STATES&lt;/a&gt;. The organization that has made the Item available believes that the Item is in the Public Domain under the laws of the United States, but a determination was not made as to its copyright status under the copyright laws of other countries. The Item may not be in the Public Domain under the laws of other countries. Please refer to the organization that has made the Item available for more information.</text>
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&lt;p&gt;This book is not only important to those of Polish ancestry, but to those interested in the history of Buffalo and Buffalo’s Polonia district. The photographs in the collection include important local landmarks from the turn of the century, local businesspeople, members of the clergy, and businesses mainly located on the East Side of Buffalo.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The entire book has been digitized and is located in the &lt;a href="https://ubir.buffalo.edu/xmlui/handle/10477/21537"&gt;UB Institutional Repository&lt;/a&gt;. Images of the book have been individually scanned and placed in a digital collection for improved access.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Over the next few months, we plan to have all of the almost 400 images from the Album pamiatkowe available online for those interested in the history and culture of Buffalo, New York.&lt;/p&gt;</text>
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                <text>Józef Krystyniak</text>
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                <text>Józefa Krystyniaka, mieszczący się w obszernym domu pod nr. 663 Fillmore ave, tuż naprzeciw browarn ob. A. Schreiber, aż ostatecznie przed 5-ciu laty zalożył interes we własnym domu nr. 663 Fillmore ave gdzie obok saloonu urządził piękną i wygodną podwójną kręgielnię, w której codziennie zbierają się amatorzy gry w kręgle, aby w gronie znajomych lub odpowiedniem towarzystwie.</text>
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                  <text>&lt;p&gt;The Towarzystwo Łączności z Polonią Zagraniczną "Polonia” Collection is an assortment of photographs created by the Ministry of Internal Affairs in communist Poland sent to the United States’ “Polonia,” or, areas or countries with a significant community of Poles outside of Poland. These photographs, most likely sent out in series, date from the 1960s to the early 1970s.  The University at Buffalo’s collection is made up of 32 folders containing 461 photographs that pertain to an assortment of topics highlighting Poland’s cultural, historical, technological and industrial advances, especially during the period of communist rule. The University at Buffalo Libraries have digitized these photographs and have attempted to maintain the original order of the series.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;This collection of propaganda photographs portrays selections of Polish culture, meant to show the country in the most advantageous fashion. Series in the collection include photographs of famous professors, actors, and musicians. There are also series featuring important industrial, historical and educational institutions, including bustling, modern cities and relaxing vacation destinations, according to the Polish Ministry of Internal Affairs.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;This collection was created by the &lt;em&gt;Towarzystwo Łączności z Polonią Zagraniczną "Polonia,”&lt;/em&gt; which translates to the &lt;em&gt;Society for Foreign Liaison with Poles, “Polonia.”&lt;/em&gt; This group wanted to establish a relationship between Polish people at home and abroad. The Towarzystwo Łączności z Polonią Zagraniczną "Polonia” and the Ministry of Internal Affairs in communist Poland aimed to give a broad and positive overview of life in Poland for those who emigrated and those with Polish heritage.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The photographs themselves were taken by the &lt;em&gt;Centralna Agencja Fotograficzna&lt;/em&gt; which translates to the &lt;em&gt;Central Photographic Agency&lt;/em&gt;. This agency operated from 1951 to 1991 and released millions of photographs.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Historians have noted that during this time in Poland, there was a “propaganda of success.” This meant “[m]edia reporting bloated domestic economic results and political accomplishments and glowingly described the party leader’s close contacts with foreign heads of state. Never had Poland’s stature in the international community been so great, propaganda repeated” (Taras, 1984, p. 145). This tone of flawless accomplishment appears to have bled into this collection. Many of the photograph descriptions boast Poland’s accomplishments while ignoring serious economic, cultural and societal problems.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p&gt;Works Cited&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Narodowe Archiwum Cyfrowe. (2015). &lt;em&gt;Centralna Agencja Fotograficzna.&lt;/em&gt; Retrieved from &lt;a href="http://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&amp;amp;sl=pl&amp;amp;u=http://www.nac.gov.pl/caf&amp;amp;prev=search"&gt;http://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&amp;amp;sl=pl&amp;amp;u=http://www.nac.gov.pl/caf&amp;amp;prev=search&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Nitschke, B. (December 2012). Działalność towarzystwa łączności z Polonią zagraniczną „Polonia” wobec polskiej emigracji w latach 1955-1970. &lt;em&gt;Annales UMCS, Sectio K (Politologia),&lt;/em&gt; &lt;em&gt;19&lt;/em&gt;(1): 159–185. DOI: 10.2478/v10226-012-0007-9.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Taras, R. (1984). &lt;em&gt;Ideology in a socialist state.&lt;/em&gt; Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.&lt;/p&gt;</text>
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                <text>Tradycyjnie, jak co roku, na Balu Mistrzów Sportu, ogłoszono wyniki plebiscytu, organizowanego przez "Przegląd Sportowy". Na zdj.: rodzinna fotografia wraz z działaczami i trenerami, naszych najlepszych na ringach, bieżniach i boiskach.</text>
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                <text>Traditionally, as every year, Ball Sports Champions, announced the results the poll, organized by the "Sports". In the photo: family photo with activists and trainers, our best on rings, treadmills and fields.</text>
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                <text>&lt;a href="https://rightsstatements.org/page/NoC-US/1.0/"&gt;NO COPYRIGHT – UNITED STATES&lt;/a&gt;. The organization that has made the Item available believes that the Item is in the Public Domain under the laws of the United States, but a determination was not made as to its copyright status under the copyright laws of other countries. The Item may not be in the Public Domain under the laws of other countries. Please refer to the organization that has made the Item available for more information.</text>
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                  <text>&lt;p&gt;The Towarzystwo Łączności z Polonią Zagraniczną "Polonia” Collection is an assortment of photographs created by the Ministry of Internal Affairs in communist Poland sent to the United States’ “Polonia,” or, areas or countries with a significant community of Poles outside of Poland. These photographs, most likely sent out in series, date from the 1960s to the early 1970s.  The University at Buffalo’s collection is made up of 32 folders containing 461 photographs that pertain to an assortment of topics highlighting Poland’s cultural, historical, technological and industrial advances, especially during the period of communist rule. The University at Buffalo Libraries have digitized these photographs and have attempted to maintain the original order of the series.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;This collection of propaganda photographs portrays selections of Polish culture, meant to show the country in the most advantageous fashion. Series in the collection include photographs of famous professors, actors, and musicians. There are also series featuring important industrial, historical and educational institutions, including bustling, modern cities and relaxing vacation destinations, according to the Polish Ministry of Internal Affairs.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;This collection was created by the &lt;em&gt;Towarzystwo Łączności z Polonią Zagraniczną "Polonia,”&lt;/em&gt; which translates to the &lt;em&gt;Society for Foreign Liaison with Poles, “Polonia.”&lt;/em&gt; This group wanted to establish a relationship between Polish people at home and abroad. The Towarzystwo Łączności z Polonią Zagraniczną "Polonia” and the Ministry of Internal Affairs in communist Poland aimed to give a broad and positive overview of life in Poland for those who emigrated and those with Polish heritage.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The photographs themselves were taken by the &lt;em&gt;Centralna Agencja Fotograficzna&lt;/em&gt; which translates to the &lt;em&gt;Central Photographic Agency&lt;/em&gt;. This agency operated from 1951 to 1991 and released millions of photographs.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Historians have noted that during this time in Poland, there was a “propaganda of success.” This meant “[m]edia reporting bloated domestic economic results and political accomplishments and glowingly described the party leader’s close contacts with foreign heads of state. Never had Poland’s stature in the international community been so great, propaganda repeated” (Taras, 1984, p. 145). This tone of flawless accomplishment appears to have bled into this collection. Many of the photograph descriptions boast Poland’s accomplishments while ignoring serious economic, cultural and societal problems.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p&gt;Works Cited&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Narodowe Archiwum Cyfrowe. (2015). &lt;em&gt;Centralna Agencja Fotograficzna.&lt;/em&gt; Retrieved from &lt;a href="http://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&amp;amp;sl=pl&amp;amp;u=http://www.nac.gov.pl/caf&amp;amp;prev=search"&gt;http://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&amp;amp;sl=pl&amp;amp;u=http://www.nac.gov.pl/caf&amp;amp;prev=search&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Nitschke, B. (December 2012). Działalność towarzystwa łączności z Polonią zagraniczną „Polonia” wobec polskiej emigracji w latach 1955-1970. &lt;em&gt;Annales UMCS, Sectio K (Politologia),&lt;/em&gt; &lt;em&gt;19&lt;/em&gt;(1): 159–185. DOI: 10.2478/v10226-012-0007-9.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Taras, R. (1984). &lt;em&gt;Ideology in a socialist state.&lt;/em&gt; Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.&lt;/p&gt;</text>
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                <text>Ryszard Szurkowski - świetny kolarz, wybitny sportowiec, wspaniały kolega - a także triumfator ubiegłorocznego Wyścigu Pokoju - otrzymał zaszczytną, międzynarodową nagrodę "Fair play" im. Coubertina, ufundowaną przez UNESCO.&#13;
CAF - Archiwum</text>
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                <text>Ryszard Szurkowski - a great cyclist, an outstanding athlete, a wonderful colleague - and winner of last year's Peace Race - received honorable, international award "Fair Play" them. Coubertin, funded by UNESCO. &#13;
CAF - Archive</text>
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                  <text>&lt;p&gt;The Towarzystwo Łączności z Polonią Zagraniczną "Polonia” Collection is an assortment of photographs created by the Ministry of Internal Affairs in communist Poland sent to the United States’ “Polonia,” or, areas or countries with a significant community of Poles outside of Poland. These photographs, most likely sent out in series, date from the 1960s to the early 1970s.  The University at Buffalo’s collection is made up of 32 folders containing 461 photographs that pertain to an assortment of topics highlighting Poland’s cultural, historical, technological and industrial advances, especially during the period of communist rule. The University at Buffalo Libraries have digitized these photographs and have attempted to maintain the original order of the series.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;This collection of propaganda photographs portrays selections of Polish culture, meant to show the country in the most advantageous fashion. Series in the collection include photographs of famous professors, actors, and musicians. There are also series featuring important industrial, historical and educational institutions, including bustling, modern cities and relaxing vacation destinations, according to the Polish Ministry of Internal Affairs.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;This collection was created by the &lt;em&gt;Towarzystwo Łączności z Polonią Zagraniczną "Polonia,”&lt;/em&gt; which translates to the &lt;em&gt;Society for Foreign Liaison with Poles, “Polonia.”&lt;/em&gt; This group wanted to establish a relationship between Polish people at home and abroad. The Towarzystwo Łączności z Polonią Zagraniczną "Polonia” and the Ministry of Internal Affairs in communist Poland aimed to give a broad and positive overview of life in Poland for those who emigrated and those with Polish heritage.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The photographs themselves were taken by the &lt;em&gt;Centralna Agencja Fotograficzna&lt;/em&gt; which translates to the &lt;em&gt;Central Photographic Agency&lt;/em&gt;. This agency operated from 1951 to 1991 and released millions of photographs.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Historians have noted that during this time in Poland, there was a “propaganda of success.” This meant “[m]edia reporting bloated domestic economic results and political accomplishments and glowingly described the party leader’s close contacts with foreign heads of state. Never had Poland’s stature in the international community been so great, propaganda repeated” (Taras, 1984, p. 145). This tone of flawless accomplishment appears to have bled into this collection. Many of the photograph descriptions boast Poland’s accomplishments while ignoring serious economic, cultural and societal problems.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p&gt;Works Cited&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Narodowe Archiwum Cyfrowe. (2015). &lt;em&gt;Centralna Agencja Fotograficzna.&lt;/em&gt; Retrieved from &lt;a href="http://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&amp;amp;sl=pl&amp;amp;u=http://www.nac.gov.pl/caf&amp;amp;prev=search"&gt;http://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&amp;amp;sl=pl&amp;amp;u=http://www.nac.gov.pl/caf&amp;amp;prev=search&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Nitschke, B. (December 2012). Działalność towarzystwa łączności z Polonią zagraniczną „Polonia” wobec polskiej emigracji w latach 1955-1970. &lt;em&gt;Annales UMCS, Sectio K (Politologia),&lt;/em&gt; &lt;em&gt;19&lt;/em&gt;(1): 159–185. DOI: 10.2478/v10226-012-0007-9.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Taras, R. (1984). &lt;em&gt;Ideology in a socialist state.&lt;/em&gt; Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.&lt;/p&gt;</text>
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                <text>Do pięknych corocznych tradycji należy Święto Winobrania w Zielonej Górze. Impreza ta ściąga wielu turystów z kraju i zagranicy.</text>
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                <text>&lt;a href="https://rightsstatements.org/page/NoC-US/1.0/"&gt;NO COPYRIGHT – UNITED STATES&lt;/a&gt;. The organization that has made the Item available believes that the Item is in the Public Domain under the laws of the United States, but a determination was not made as to its copyright status under the copyright laws of other countries. The Item may not be in the Public Domain under the laws of other countries. Please refer to the organization that has made the Item available for more information.</text>
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                  <text>&lt;p&gt;The Towarzystwo Łączności z Polonią Zagraniczną "Polonia” Collection is an assortment of photographs created by the Ministry of Internal Affairs in communist Poland sent to the United States’ “Polonia,” or, areas or countries with a significant community of Poles outside of Poland. These photographs, most likely sent out in series, date from the 1960s to the early 1970s.  The University at Buffalo’s collection is made up of 32 folders containing 461 photographs that pertain to an assortment of topics highlighting Poland’s cultural, historical, technological and industrial advances, especially during the period of communist rule. The University at Buffalo Libraries have digitized these photographs and have attempted to maintain the original order of the series.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;This collection of propaganda photographs portrays selections of Polish culture, meant to show the country in the most advantageous fashion. Series in the collection include photographs of famous professors, actors, and musicians. There are also series featuring important industrial, historical and educational institutions, including bustling, modern cities and relaxing vacation destinations, according to the Polish Ministry of Internal Affairs.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;This collection was created by the &lt;em&gt;Towarzystwo Łączności z Polonią Zagraniczną "Polonia,”&lt;/em&gt; which translates to the &lt;em&gt;Society for Foreign Liaison with Poles, “Polonia.”&lt;/em&gt; This group wanted to establish a relationship between Polish people at home and abroad. The Towarzystwo Łączności z Polonią Zagraniczną "Polonia” and the Ministry of Internal Affairs in communist Poland aimed to give a broad and positive overview of life in Poland for those who emigrated and those with Polish heritage.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The photographs themselves were taken by the &lt;em&gt;Centralna Agencja Fotograficzna&lt;/em&gt; which translates to the &lt;em&gt;Central Photographic Agency&lt;/em&gt;. This agency operated from 1951 to 1991 and released millions of photographs.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Historians have noted that during this time in Poland, there was a “propaganda of success.” This meant “[m]edia reporting bloated domestic economic results and political accomplishments and glowingly described the party leader’s close contacts with foreign heads of state. Never had Poland’s stature in the international community been so great, propaganda repeated” (Taras, 1984, p. 145). This tone of flawless accomplishment appears to have bled into this collection. Many of the photograph descriptions boast Poland’s accomplishments while ignoring serious economic, cultural and societal problems.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p&gt;Works Cited&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Narodowe Archiwum Cyfrowe. (2015). &lt;em&gt;Centralna Agencja Fotograficzna.&lt;/em&gt; Retrieved from &lt;a href="http://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&amp;amp;sl=pl&amp;amp;u=http://www.nac.gov.pl/caf&amp;amp;prev=search"&gt;http://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&amp;amp;sl=pl&amp;amp;u=http://www.nac.gov.pl/caf&amp;amp;prev=search&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Nitschke, B. (December 2012). Działalność towarzystwa łączności z Polonią zagraniczną „Polonia” wobec polskiej emigracji w latach 1955-1970. &lt;em&gt;Annales UMCS, Sectio K (Politologia),&lt;/em&gt; &lt;em&gt;19&lt;/em&gt;(1): 159–185. DOI: 10.2478/v10226-012-0007-9.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Taras, R. (1984). &lt;em&gt;Ideology in a socialist state.&lt;/em&gt; Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.&lt;/p&gt;</text>
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                <text>Tourism, no. 14</text>
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                <text>30 kwietnia w Warszawie, na lotnisku Okęcie wylądował pierwszy samolot amerykańskich linii lotniczych "Pan American" typu Boening 707, otwierając tym samym stałe połączenie lotnicze między Warszawą a Nowym Jorkiem. Przelot na tej trasie trwa ok. 10 godzin. Na zdj.: powitanie załogi amerykańskiej. 
CAF- Fot. Langda</text>
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                <text>April 30 in Warsaw Okecie airport the first plane of an American airline landed a "Pan American" type Boeing 707, thereby opening a permanent connection of flights between Warsaw and New York. Flight on this route takes approx. 10 hours. In the photo: The welcome of the American crew.
 CAF- Fig. Langda</text>
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                <text> Flight attendants -- Poland </text>
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                <text> Pilots -- Poland</text>
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                <text>Warsaw</text>
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                <text>State University of New York at Buffalo. Polish Collection</text>
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                <text>&lt;a href="https://rightsstatements.org/page/NoC-US/1.0/"&gt;NO COPYRIGHT – UNITED STATES&lt;/a&gt;. The organization that has made the Item available believes that the Item is in the Public Domain under the laws of the United States, but a determination was not made as to its copyright status under the copyright laws of other countries. The Item may not be in the Public Domain under the laws of other countries. Please refer to the organization that has made the Item available for more information.</text>
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                  <text>&lt;p&gt;The Towarzystwo Łączności z Polonią Zagraniczną "Polonia” Collection is an assortment of photographs created by the Ministry of Internal Affairs in communist Poland sent to the United States’ “Polonia,” or, areas or countries with a significant community of Poles outside of Poland. These photographs, most likely sent out in series, date from the 1960s to the early 1970s.  The University at Buffalo’s collection is made up of 32 folders containing 461 photographs that pertain to an assortment of topics highlighting Poland’s cultural, historical, technological and industrial advances, especially during the period of communist rule. The University at Buffalo Libraries have digitized these photographs and have attempted to maintain the original order of the series.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;This collection of propaganda photographs portrays selections of Polish culture, meant to show the country in the most advantageous fashion. Series in the collection include photographs of famous professors, actors, and musicians. There are also series featuring important industrial, historical and educational institutions, including bustling, modern cities and relaxing vacation destinations, according to the Polish Ministry of Internal Affairs.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;This collection was created by the &lt;em&gt;Towarzystwo Łączności z Polonią Zagraniczną "Polonia,”&lt;/em&gt; which translates to the &lt;em&gt;Society for Foreign Liaison with Poles, “Polonia.”&lt;/em&gt; This group wanted to establish a relationship between Polish people at home and abroad. The Towarzystwo Łączności z Polonią Zagraniczną "Polonia” and the Ministry of Internal Affairs in communist Poland aimed to give a broad and positive overview of life in Poland for those who emigrated and those with Polish heritage.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The photographs themselves were taken by the &lt;em&gt;Centralna Agencja Fotograficzna&lt;/em&gt; which translates to the &lt;em&gt;Central Photographic Agency&lt;/em&gt;. This agency operated from 1951 to 1991 and released millions of photographs.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Historians have noted that during this time in Poland, there was a “propaganda of success.” This meant “[m]edia reporting bloated domestic economic results and political accomplishments and glowingly described the party leader’s close contacts with foreign heads of state. Never had Poland’s stature in the international community been so great, propaganda repeated” (Taras, 1984, p. 145). This tone of flawless accomplishment appears to have bled into this collection. Many of the photograph descriptions boast Poland’s accomplishments while ignoring serious economic, cultural and societal problems.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p&gt;Works Cited&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Narodowe Archiwum Cyfrowe. (2015). &lt;em&gt;Centralna Agencja Fotograficzna.&lt;/em&gt; Retrieved from &lt;a href="http://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&amp;amp;sl=pl&amp;amp;u=http://www.nac.gov.pl/caf&amp;amp;prev=search"&gt;http://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&amp;amp;sl=pl&amp;amp;u=http://www.nac.gov.pl/caf&amp;amp;prev=search&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Nitschke, B. (December 2012). Działalność towarzystwa łączności z Polonią zagraniczną „Polonia” wobec polskiej emigracji w latach 1955-1970. &lt;em&gt;Annales UMCS, Sectio K (Politologia),&lt;/em&gt; &lt;em&gt;19&lt;/em&gt;(1): 159–185. DOI: 10.2478/v10226-012-0007-9.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Taras, R. (1984). &lt;em&gt;Ideology in a socialist state.&lt;/em&gt; Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.&lt;/p&gt;</text>
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                <text>W inauguracyjnym locie PAN American, uczestniczyła grupa kongresmenów i doradców rządowych polskiego pochodzenia, oraz dziennikarze kilku pism amerykańskich i polonijnych. Goście zwiedzili Warszawę oraz Kraków. Na zdj.: w czasie zwiedzania zamku Krółewskiego na Wawelu. 
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                <text>The inaugural American Academy flight participated in by a group of congressmen and government advisors of Polish origin, and the writings of journalists several American and Polish communities. The guests visited Warsaw and Krakow. In the photo: time visiting the Wawel Royal Castle. 
CAF - Photo Piotrowski</text>
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                  <text>&lt;p&gt;The Towarzystwo Łączności z Polonią Zagraniczną "Polonia” Collection is an assortment of photographs created by the Ministry of Internal Affairs in communist Poland sent to the United States’ “Polonia,” or, areas or countries with a significant community of Poles outside of Poland. These photographs, most likely sent out in series, date from the 1960s to the early 1970s.  The University at Buffalo’s collection is made up of 32 folders containing 461 photographs that pertain to an assortment of topics highlighting Poland’s cultural, historical, technological and industrial advances, especially during the period of communist rule. The University at Buffalo Libraries have digitized these photographs and have attempted to maintain the original order of the series.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;This collection of propaganda photographs portrays selections of Polish culture, meant to show the country in the most advantageous fashion. Series in the collection include photographs of famous professors, actors, and musicians. There are also series featuring important industrial, historical and educational institutions, including bustling, modern cities and relaxing vacation destinations, according to the Polish Ministry of Internal Affairs.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;This collection was created by the &lt;em&gt;Towarzystwo Łączności z Polonią Zagraniczną "Polonia,”&lt;/em&gt; which translates to the &lt;em&gt;Society for Foreign Liaison with Poles, “Polonia.”&lt;/em&gt; This group wanted to establish a relationship between Polish people at home and abroad. The Towarzystwo Łączności z Polonią Zagraniczną "Polonia” and the Ministry of Internal Affairs in communist Poland aimed to give a broad and positive overview of life in Poland for those who emigrated and those with Polish heritage.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The photographs themselves were taken by the &lt;em&gt;Centralna Agencja Fotograficzna&lt;/em&gt; which translates to the &lt;em&gt;Central Photographic Agency&lt;/em&gt;. This agency operated from 1951 to 1991 and released millions of photographs.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Historians have noted that during this time in Poland, there was a “propaganda of success.” This meant “[m]edia reporting bloated domestic economic results and political accomplishments and glowingly described the party leader’s close contacts with foreign heads of state. Never had Poland’s stature in the international community been so great, propaganda repeated” (Taras, 1984, p. 145). This tone of flawless accomplishment appears to have bled into this collection. Many of the photograph descriptions boast Poland’s accomplishments while ignoring serious economic, cultural and societal problems.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p&gt;Works Cited&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Narodowe Archiwum Cyfrowe. (2015). &lt;em&gt;Centralna Agencja Fotograficzna.&lt;/em&gt; Retrieved from &lt;a href="http://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&amp;amp;sl=pl&amp;amp;u=http://www.nac.gov.pl/caf&amp;amp;prev=search"&gt;http://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&amp;amp;sl=pl&amp;amp;u=http://www.nac.gov.pl/caf&amp;amp;prev=search&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Nitschke, B. (December 2012). Działalność towarzystwa łączności z Polonią zagraniczną „Polonia” wobec polskiej emigracji w latach 1955-1970. &lt;em&gt;Annales UMCS, Sectio K (Politologia),&lt;/em&gt; &lt;em&gt;19&lt;/em&gt;(1): 159–185. DOI: 10.2478/v10226-012-0007-9.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Taras, R. (1984). &lt;em&gt;Ideology in a socialist state.&lt;/em&gt; Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.&lt;/p&gt;</text>
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                <text>Wsród przybyłych gości z za oceanu, byli kongresmeni: Nedzi, Puciński, Dulski i Kluczyński, a w grupie dziennikarzy, nestor dziennikarstwa polskiego w USA red. Stefanowicz.
Na zdj.: goście na dziedzińcu wawelskim. 
CAF - Fot. Piotrowski</text>
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                <text>Among the guests of the ocean, they were congressmen: Ned, Puciński, Dulski and Kluczyński, and a group of journalists, senior Polish journalism in the United States ed. Stefanowicz. 
In the photo: guests in the courtyard of Wawel. 
CAF - Photo. Piotrowski</text>
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                <text> Tourism -- Poland</text>
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                <text>&lt;a href="https://rightsstatements.org/page/NoC-US/1.0/"&gt;NO COPYRIGHT – UNITED STATES&lt;/a&gt;. The organization that has made the Item available believes that the Item is in the Public Domain under the laws of the United States, but a determination was not made as to its copyright status under the copyright laws of other countries. The Item may not be in the Public Domain under the laws of other countries. Please refer to the organization that has made the Item available for more information.</text>
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                  <text>&lt;p&gt;The Towarzystwo Łączności z Polonią Zagraniczną "Polonia” Collection is an assortment of photographs created by the Ministry of Internal Affairs in communist Poland sent to the United States’ “Polonia,” or, areas or countries with a significant community of Poles outside of Poland. These photographs, most likely sent out in series, date from the 1960s to the early 1970s.  The University at Buffalo’s collection is made up of 32 folders containing 461 photographs that pertain to an assortment of topics highlighting Poland’s cultural, historical, technological and industrial advances, especially during the period of communist rule. The University at Buffalo Libraries have digitized these photographs and have attempted to maintain the original order of the series.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;This collection of propaganda photographs portrays selections of Polish culture, meant to show the country in the most advantageous fashion. Series in the collection include photographs of famous professors, actors, and musicians. There are also series featuring important industrial, historical and educational institutions, including bustling, modern cities and relaxing vacation destinations, according to the Polish Ministry of Internal Affairs.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;This collection was created by the &lt;em&gt;Towarzystwo Łączności z Polonią Zagraniczną "Polonia,”&lt;/em&gt; which translates to the &lt;em&gt;Society for Foreign Liaison with Poles, “Polonia.”&lt;/em&gt; This group wanted to establish a relationship between Polish people at home and abroad. The Towarzystwo Łączności z Polonią Zagraniczną "Polonia” and the Ministry of Internal Affairs in communist Poland aimed to give a broad and positive overview of life in Poland for those who emigrated and those with Polish heritage.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The photographs themselves were taken by the &lt;em&gt;Centralna Agencja Fotograficzna&lt;/em&gt; which translates to the &lt;em&gt;Central Photographic Agency&lt;/em&gt;. This agency operated from 1951 to 1991 and released millions of photographs.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Historians have noted that during this time in Poland, there was a “propaganda of success.” This meant “[m]edia reporting bloated domestic economic results and political accomplishments and glowingly described the party leader’s close contacts with foreign heads of state. Never had Poland’s stature in the international community been so great, propaganda repeated” (Taras, 1984, p. 145). This tone of flawless accomplishment appears to have bled into this collection. Many of the photograph descriptions boast Poland’s accomplishments while ignoring serious economic, cultural and societal problems.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p&gt;Works Cited&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Narodowe Archiwum Cyfrowe. (2015). &lt;em&gt;Centralna Agencja Fotograficzna.&lt;/em&gt; Retrieved from &lt;a href="http://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&amp;amp;sl=pl&amp;amp;u=http://www.nac.gov.pl/caf&amp;amp;prev=search"&gt;http://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&amp;amp;sl=pl&amp;amp;u=http://www.nac.gov.pl/caf&amp;amp;prev=search&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Nitschke, B. (December 2012). Działalność towarzystwa łączności z Polonią zagraniczną „Polonia” wobec polskiej emigracji w latach 1955-1970. &lt;em&gt;Annales UMCS, Sectio K (Politologia),&lt;/em&gt; &lt;em&gt;19&lt;/em&gt;(1): 159–185. DOI: 10.2478/v10226-012-0007-9.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Taras, R. (1984). &lt;em&gt;Ideology in a socialist state.&lt;/em&gt; Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.&lt;/p&gt;</text>
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                <text>13 czerwca, otwarto w Poznaniu 40 jubileuszowe Międzynarodowe Targi Poznańskie, jedną z czołowych europejskich imprez targowych. Wzięło w nich udział 41 krajów wraz z Polską. Na zdj.: fragment ekspozycji. 
CAF - Fot Staszyszyn</text>
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                <text>June 13, opened in Poznan the 40th Jubilee International Fair, one of the leading European trade fairs. It was attended by 41 countries, together with the Polish. In the photo: part of the exhibition. 
CAF - Photo Staszyszyn</text>
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                  <text>&lt;p&gt;The Towarzystwo Łączności z Polonią Zagraniczną "Polonia” Collection is an assortment of photographs created by the Ministry of Internal Affairs in communist Poland sent to the United States’ “Polonia,” or, areas or countries with a significant community of Poles outside of Poland. These photographs, most likely sent out in series, date from the 1960s to the early 1970s.  The University at Buffalo’s collection is made up of 32 folders containing 461 photographs that pertain to an assortment of topics highlighting Poland’s cultural, historical, technological and industrial advances, especially during the period of communist rule. The University at Buffalo Libraries have digitized these photographs and have attempted to maintain the original order of the series.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;This collection of propaganda photographs portrays selections of Polish culture, meant to show the country in the most advantageous fashion. Series in the collection include photographs of famous professors, actors, and musicians. There are also series featuring important industrial, historical and educational institutions, including bustling, modern cities and relaxing vacation destinations, according to the Polish Ministry of Internal Affairs.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;This collection was created by the &lt;em&gt;Towarzystwo Łączności z Polonią Zagraniczną "Polonia,”&lt;/em&gt; which translates to the &lt;em&gt;Society for Foreign Liaison with Poles, “Polonia.”&lt;/em&gt; This group wanted to establish a relationship between Polish people at home and abroad. The Towarzystwo Łączności z Polonią Zagraniczną "Polonia” and the Ministry of Internal Affairs in communist Poland aimed to give a broad and positive overview of life in Poland for those who emigrated and those with Polish heritage.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The photographs themselves were taken by the &lt;em&gt;Centralna Agencja Fotograficzna&lt;/em&gt; which translates to the &lt;em&gt;Central Photographic Agency&lt;/em&gt;. This agency operated from 1951 to 1991 and released millions of photographs.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Historians have noted that during this time in Poland, there was a “propaganda of success.” This meant “[m]edia reporting bloated domestic economic results and political accomplishments and glowingly described the party leader’s close contacts with foreign heads of state. Never had Poland’s stature in the international community been so great, propaganda repeated” (Taras, 1984, p. 145). This tone of flawless accomplishment appears to have bled into this collection. Many of the photograph descriptions boast Poland’s accomplishments while ignoring serious economic, cultural and societal problems.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p&gt;Works Cited&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Narodowe Archiwum Cyfrowe. (2015). &lt;em&gt;Centralna Agencja Fotograficzna.&lt;/em&gt; Retrieved from &lt;a href="http://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&amp;amp;sl=pl&amp;amp;u=http://www.nac.gov.pl/caf&amp;amp;prev=search"&gt;http://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&amp;amp;sl=pl&amp;amp;u=http://www.nac.gov.pl/caf&amp;amp;prev=search&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Nitschke, B. (December 2012). Działalność towarzystwa łączności z Polonią zagraniczną „Polonia” wobec polskiej emigracji w latach 1955-1970. &lt;em&gt;Annales UMCS, Sectio K (Politologia),&lt;/em&gt; &lt;em&gt;19&lt;/em&gt;(1): 159–185. DOI: 10.2478/v10226-012-0007-9.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Taras, R. (1984). &lt;em&gt;Ideology in a socialist state.&lt;/em&gt; Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.&lt;/p&gt;</text>
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                <text>W filmie największe sukcesy odnosił Andrzej Wajda (na zdjęciu, pierwszy na planie). Jego nowe dzieła "Brzezina",  "Polowanie na muchy", "Krajobraz po bitwie", spotkały się z wielkim uznaniem w kraju, a przegląd filmów tego twórcy w Londynie, udowodnił jego ciągle wzrastającą popularnosć w świecie.</text>
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                <text>The film greatest successes Andrzej Wajda (pictured, first on the plan). His new work, "Birch", "Hunting Flies", "Landscape After Battle", met with great appreciation in the country, and a review of films by this artist in London, proved its ever-increasing popularity in the world.</text>
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                <text>Wajda, Andrzej, 1926-  </text>
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                <text> Motion picture producers and directors -- Poland </text>
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                <text> Tourism -- Poland</text>
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                <text>&lt;a href="https://rightsstatements.org/page/NoC-US/1.0/"&gt;NO COPYRIGHT – UNITED STATES&lt;/a&gt;. The organization that has made the Item available believes that the Item is in the Public Domain under the laws of the United States, but a determination was not made as to its copyright status under the copyright laws of other countries. The Item may not be in the Public Domain under the laws of other countries. Please refer to the organization that has made the Item available for more information.</text>
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                  <text>&lt;p&gt;The Towarzystwo Łączności z Polonią Zagraniczną "Polonia” Collection is an assortment of photographs created by the Ministry of Internal Affairs in communist Poland sent to the United States’ “Polonia,” or, areas or countries with a significant community of Poles outside of Poland. These photographs, most likely sent out in series, date from the 1960s to the early 1970s.  The University at Buffalo’s collection is made up of 32 folders containing 461 photographs that pertain to an assortment of topics highlighting Poland’s cultural, historical, technological and industrial advances, especially during the period of communist rule. The University at Buffalo Libraries have digitized these photographs and have attempted to maintain the original order of the series.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;This collection of propaganda photographs portrays selections of Polish culture, meant to show the country in the most advantageous fashion. Series in the collection include photographs of famous professors, actors, and musicians. There are also series featuring important industrial, historical and educational institutions, including bustling, modern cities and relaxing vacation destinations, according to the Polish Ministry of Internal Affairs.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;This collection was created by the &lt;em&gt;Towarzystwo Łączności z Polonią Zagraniczną "Polonia,”&lt;/em&gt; which translates to the &lt;em&gt;Society for Foreign Liaison with Poles, “Polonia.”&lt;/em&gt; This group wanted to establish a relationship between Polish people at home and abroad. The Towarzystwo Łączności z Polonią Zagraniczną "Polonia” and the Ministry of Internal Affairs in communist Poland aimed to give a broad and positive overview of life in Poland for those who emigrated and those with Polish heritage.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The photographs themselves were taken by the &lt;em&gt;Centralna Agencja Fotograficzna&lt;/em&gt; which translates to the &lt;em&gt;Central Photographic Agency&lt;/em&gt;. This agency operated from 1951 to 1991 and released millions of photographs.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Historians have noted that during this time in Poland, there was a “propaganda of success.” This meant “[m]edia reporting bloated domestic economic results and political accomplishments and glowingly described the party leader’s close contacts with foreign heads of state. Never had Poland’s stature in the international community been so great, propaganda repeated” (Taras, 1984, p. 145). This tone of flawless accomplishment appears to have bled into this collection. Many of the photograph descriptions boast Poland’s accomplishments while ignoring serious economic, cultural and societal problems.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p&gt;Works Cited&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Narodowe Archiwum Cyfrowe. (2015). &lt;em&gt;Centralna Agencja Fotograficzna.&lt;/em&gt; Retrieved from &lt;a href="http://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&amp;amp;sl=pl&amp;amp;u=http://www.nac.gov.pl/caf&amp;amp;prev=search"&gt;http://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&amp;amp;sl=pl&amp;amp;u=http://www.nac.gov.pl/caf&amp;amp;prev=search&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Nitschke, B. (December 2012). Działalność towarzystwa łączności z Polonią zagraniczną „Polonia” wobec polskiej emigracji w latach 1955-1970. &lt;em&gt;Annales UMCS, Sectio K (Politologia),&lt;/em&gt; &lt;em&gt;19&lt;/em&gt;(1): 159–185. DOI: 10.2478/v10226-012-0007-9.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Taras, R. (1984). &lt;em&gt;Ideology in a socialist state.&lt;/em&gt; Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.&lt;/p&gt;</text>
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                <text>Nasz "śpiewający ambasador" - zespół Mazowsze (na zdjęciu) obchodził 20-lecie
swego istnienia. Dwudziesty pierwszy rok działalności rozpoczęli "Mazowszacy" od wielkiego tournee po Stanach Zjednoczonych, gdzie mają już dziesiątki tysięcy zagorzałych wielbicieli.</text>
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                <text>Our "singing ambassador" - a group in Mazovia Province (pictured) celebrated the 20th anniversary of their existence. The twenty-first year of operations began "Mazowszacy" from a great tour in the United States, where they already have tens of thousands of ardent admirers.</text>
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                <text>&lt;a href="https://rightsstatements.org/page/NoC-US/1.0/"&gt;NO COPYRIGHT – UNITED STATES&lt;/a&gt;. The organization that has made the Item available believes that the Item is in the Public Domain under the laws of the United States, but a determination was not made as to its copyright status under the copyright laws of other countries. The Item may not be in the Public Domain under the laws of other countries. Please refer to the organization that has made the Item available for more information.</text>
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                  <text>Towarzystwo Łączności z Polonią Zagraniczną "Polonia” Collection</text>
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                  <text>&lt;p&gt;The Towarzystwo Łączności z Polonią Zagraniczną "Polonia” Collection is an assortment of photographs created by the Ministry of Internal Affairs in communist Poland sent to the United States’ “Polonia,” or, areas or countries with a significant community of Poles outside of Poland. These photographs, most likely sent out in series, date from the 1960s to the early 1970s.  The University at Buffalo’s collection is made up of 32 folders containing 461 photographs that pertain to an assortment of topics highlighting Poland’s cultural, historical, technological and industrial advances, especially during the period of communist rule. The University at Buffalo Libraries have digitized these photographs and have attempted to maintain the original order of the series.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;This collection of propaganda photographs portrays selections of Polish culture, meant to show the country in the most advantageous fashion. Series in the collection include photographs of famous professors, actors, and musicians. There are also series featuring important industrial, historical and educational institutions, including bustling, modern cities and relaxing vacation destinations, according to the Polish Ministry of Internal Affairs.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;This collection was created by the &lt;em&gt;Towarzystwo Łączności z Polonią Zagraniczną "Polonia,”&lt;/em&gt; which translates to the &lt;em&gt;Society for Foreign Liaison with Poles, “Polonia.”&lt;/em&gt; This group wanted to establish a relationship between Polish people at home and abroad. The Towarzystwo Łączności z Polonią Zagraniczną "Polonia” and the Ministry of Internal Affairs in communist Poland aimed to give a broad and positive overview of life in Poland for those who emigrated and those with Polish heritage.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The photographs themselves were taken by the &lt;em&gt;Centralna Agencja Fotograficzna&lt;/em&gt; which translates to the &lt;em&gt;Central Photographic Agency&lt;/em&gt;. This agency operated from 1951 to 1991 and released millions of photographs.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Historians have noted that during this time in Poland, there was a “propaganda of success.” This meant “[m]edia reporting bloated domestic economic results and political accomplishments and glowingly described the party leader’s close contacts with foreign heads of state. Never had Poland’s stature in the international community been so great, propaganda repeated” (Taras, 1984, p. 145). This tone of flawless accomplishment appears to have bled into this collection. Many of the photograph descriptions boast Poland’s accomplishments while ignoring serious economic, cultural and societal problems.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p&gt;Works Cited&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Narodowe Archiwum Cyfrowe. (2015). &lt;em&gt;Centralna Agencja Fotograficzna.&lt;/em&gt; Retrieved from &lt;a href="http://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&amp;amp;sl=pl&amp;amp;u=http://www.nac.gov.pl/caf&amp;amp;prev=search"&gt;http://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&amp;amp;sl=pl&amp;amp;u=http://www.nac.gov.pl/caf&amp;amp;prev=search&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Nitschke, B. (December 2012). Działalność towarzystwa łączności z Polonią zagraniczną „Polonia” wobec polskiej emigracji w latach 1955-1970. &lt;em&gt;Annales UMCS, Sectio K (Politologia),&lt;/em&gt; &lt;em&gt;19&lt;/em&gt;(1): 159–185. DOI: 10.2478/v10226-012-0007-9.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Taras, R. (1984). &lt;em&gt;Ideology in a socialist state.&lt;/em&gt; Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.&lt;/p&gt;</text>
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                  <text>LIB-007</text>
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                <text>Tourism, [no. 20]</text>
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                <text>LIB-007_0455</text>
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            <name>Creator</name>
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                <text>Centralna Agencja Fotograficzna</text>
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            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                <text>Jedna z największych atrakcji zimowych: kulig w puszczańskich lasach.
CAF - fot. Uchymiak</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="472827">
                <text>One of the biggest attractions of winter: sleigh ride in the forest woods. 
CAF - fot. Uchymiak</text>
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          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
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                <text>Sleighing -- Poland </text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="472829">
                <text> Sleighs -- Poland </text>
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                <text> Winter -- Poland </text>
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                <text> Tourism -- Poland</text>
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            <name>Publisher</name>
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                <text>State University of New York at Buffalo. University Libraries</text>
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            <description>The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource</description>
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                <text>image/jpeg</text>
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                <text>Towarzystwo Łączności z Polonią Zagraniczną "Polonia” Collection. LIB-007</text>
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                <text>State University of New York at Buffalo. Polish Collection</text>
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                <text>Image</text>
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            <name>Rights</name>
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              <elementText elementTextId="1941056">
                <text>&lt;a href="https://rightsstatements.org/page/NoC-US/1.0/"&gt;NO COPYRIGHT – UNITED STATES&lt;/a&gt;. The organization that has made the Item available believes that the Item is in the Public Domain under the laws of the United States, but a determination was not made as to its copyright status under the copyright laws of other countries. The Item may not be in the Public Domain under the laws of other countries. Please refer to the organization that has made the Item available for more information.</text>
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                  <text>Towarzystwo Łączności z Polonią Zagraniczną "Polonia” Collection</text>
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                  <text>&lt;p&gt;The Towarzystwo Łączności z Polonią Zagraniczną "Polonia” Collection is an assortment of photographs created by the Ministry of Internal Affairs in communist Poland sent to the United States’ “Polonia,” or, areas or countries with a significant community of Poles outside of Poland. These photographs, most likely sent out in series, date from the 1960s to the early 1970s.  The University at Buffalo’s collection is made up of 32 folders containing 461 photographs that pertain to an assortment of topics highlighting Poland’s cultural, historical, technological and industrial advances, especially during the period of communist rule. The University at Buffalo Libraries have digitized these photographs and have attempted to maintain the original order of the series.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;This collection of propaganda photographs portrays selections of Polish culture, meant to show the country in the most advantageous fashion. Series in the collection include photographs of famous professors, actors, and musicians. There are also series featuring important industrial, historical and educational institutions, including bustling, modern cities and relaxing vacation destinations, according to the Polish Ministry of Internal Affairs.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;This collection was created by the &lt;em&gt;Towarzystwo Łączności z Polonią Zagraniczną "Polonia,”&lt;/em&gt; which translates to the &lt;em&gt;Society for Foreign Liaison with Poles, “Polonia.”&lt;/em&gt; This group wanted to establish a relationship between Polish people at home and abroad. The Towarzystwo Łączności z Polonią Zagraniczną "Polonia” and the Ministry of Internal Affairs in communist Poland aimed to give a broad and positive overview of life in Poland for those who emigrated and those with Polish heritage.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The photographs themselves were taken by the &lt;em&gt;Centralna Agencja Fotograficzna&lt;/em&gt; which translates to the &lt;em&gt;Central Photographic Agency&lt;/em&gt;. This agency operated from 1951 to 1991 and released millions of photographs.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Historians have noted that during this time in Poland, there was a “propaganda of success.” This meant “[m]edia reporting bloated domestic economic results and political accomplishments and glowingly described the party leader’s close contacts with foreign heads of state. Never had Poland’s stature in the international community been so great, propaganda repeated” (Taras, 1984, p. 145). This tone of flawless accomplishment appears to have bled into this collection. Many of the photograph descriptions boast Poland’s accomplishments while ignoring serious economic, cultural and societal problems.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p&gt;Works Cited&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Narodowe Archiwum Cyfrowe. (2015). &lt;em&gt;Centralna Agencja Fotograficzna.&lt;/em&gt; Retrieved from &lt;a href="http://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&amp;amp;sl=pl&amp;amp;u=http://www.nac.gov.pl/caf&amp;amp;prev=search"&gt;http://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&amp;amp;sl=pl&amp;amp;u=http://www.nac.gov.pl/caf&amp;amp;prev=search&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Nitschke, B. (December 2012). Działalność towarzystwa łączności z Polonią zagraniczną „Polonia” wobec polskiej emigracji w latach 1955-1970. &lt;em&gt;Annales UMCS, Sectio K (Politologia),&lt;/em&gt; &lt;em&gt;19&lt;/em&gt;(1): 159–185. DOI: 10.2478/v10226-012-0007-9.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Taras, R. (1984). &lt;em&gt;Ideology in a socialist state.&lt;/em&gt; Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.&lt;/p&gt;</text>
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                  <text>LIB-007</text>
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                <text>Tourism, [no. 21]</text>
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                <text>LIB-007_0454</text>
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            <name>Creator</name>
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                <text>Centralna Agencja Fotograficzna</text>
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            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                <text>Wsród uczestników z 29 krajów, którzy wzięli udział w VIII Międzynarodowym Konkursie Pianistycznym im. Fryderyka Chopina, znależli się również pianiści polonijni. Oto Mona Diana Golabek urodzona w Los Angeles, jedna z bardziej znanych pianistek młodego pokolenia w USA.</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="472839">
                <text>Among participants from 29 countries who took part in the eighth International Piano Competition of Frederic Chopin, were also Polish pianists. Here's Mona Diana Golabek was born in Los Angeles, one of the most famous pianists of the younger generation in the United States.</text>
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            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
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                <text>Golabek, Mona </text>
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                <text> Music -- Competitions -- Poland </text>
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                <text> Women pianists -- American </text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="472843">
                <text> Tourism -- Poland</text>
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                <text>State University of New York at Buffalo. University Libraries</text>
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                <text>Towarzystwo Łączności z Polonią Zagraniczną "Polonia” Collection. LIB-007</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="1936680">
                <text>State University of New York at Buffalo. Polish Collection</text>
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            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="1941055">
                <text>&lt;a href="https://rightsstatements.org/page/NoC-US/1.0/"&gt;NO COPYRIGHT – UNITED STATES&lt;/a&gt;. The organization that has made the Item available believes that the Item is in the Public Domain under the laws of the United States, but a determination was not made as to its copyright status under the copyright laws of other countries. The Item may not be in the Public Domain under the laws of other countries. Please refer to the organization that has made the Item available for more information.</text>
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                  <text>Towarzystwo Łączności z Polonią Zagraniczną "Polonia” Collection</text>
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                  <text>&lt;p&gt;The Towarzystwo Łączności z Polonią Zagraniczną "Polonia” Collection is an assortment of photographs created by the Ministry of Internal Affairs in communist Poland sent to the United States’ “Polonia,” or, areas or countries with a significant community of Poles outside of Poland. These photographs, most likely sent out in series, date from the 1960s to the early 1970s.  The University at Buffalo’s collection is made up of 32 folders containing 461 photographs that pertain to an assortment of topics highlighting Poland’s cultural, historical, technological and industrial advances, especially during the period of communist rule. The University at Buffalo Libraries have digitized these photographs and have attempted to maintain the original order of the series.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;This collection of propaganda photographs portrays selections of Polish culture, meant to show the country in the most advantageous fashion. Series in the collection include photographs of famous professors, actors, and musicians. There are also series featuring important industrial, historical and educational institutions, including bustling, modern cities and relaxing vacation destinations, according to the Polish Ministry of Internal Affairs.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;This collection was created by the &lt;em&gt;Towarzystwo Łączności z Polonią Zagraniczną "Polonia,”&lt;/em&gt; which translates to the &lt;em&gt;Society for Foreign Liaison with Poles, “Polonia.”&lt;/em&gt; This group wanted to establish a relationship between Polish people at home and abroad. The Towarzystwo Łączności z Polonią Zagraniczną "Polonia” and the Ministry of Internal Affairs in communist Poland aimed to give a broad and positive overview of life in Poland for those who emigrated and those with Polish heritage.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The photographs themselves were taken by the &lt;em&gt;Centralna Agencja Fotograficzna&lt;/em&gt; which translates to the &lt;em&gt;Central Photographic Agency&lt;/em&gt;. This agency operated from 1951 to 1991 and released millions of photographs.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Historians have noted that during this time in Poland, there was a “propaganda of success.” This meant “[m]edia reporting bloated domestic economic results and political accomplishments and glowingly described the party leader’s close contacts with foreign heads of state. Never had Poland’s stature in the international community been so great, propaganda repeated” (Taras, 1984, p. 145). This tone of flawless accomplishment appears to have bled into this collection. Many of the photograph descriptions boast Poland’s accomplishments while ignoring serious economic, cultural and societal problems.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p&gt;Works Cited&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Narodowe Archiwum Cyfrowe. (2015). &lt;em&gt;Centralna Agencja Fotograficzna.&lt;/em&gt; Retrieved from &lt;a href="http://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&amp;amp;sl=pl&amp;amp;u=http://www.nac.gov.pl/caf&amp;amp;prev=search"&gt;http://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&amp;amp;sl=pl&amp;amp;u=http://www.nac.gov.pl/caf&amp;amp;prev=search&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Nitschke, B. (December 2012). Działalność towarzystwa łączności z Polonią zagraniczną „Polonia” wobec polskiej emigracji w latach 1955-1970. &lt;em&gt;Annales UMCS, Sectio K (Politologia),&lt;/em&gt; &lt;em&gt;19&lt;/em&gt;(1): 159–185. DOI: 10.2478/v10226-012-0007-9.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Taras, R. (1984). &lt;em&gt;Ideology in a socialist state.&lt;/em&gt; Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.&lt;/p&gt;</text>
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                <text>Tourism, [no. 22]</text>
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                <text>W Muzeum Narodowym otwarto wystawę dzieł sztuki i pamiątek uratowanych ze zniszczonego Zamku Krółewskiego. Ekspozycja cieszy się ogromnym powodzeniem. Zwiedzają ją warszawiacy, liczne wycieczki z kraju i z zagranicy. CAF - Fot. Gładysz</text>
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                <text>The National Museum opened an exhibition of works of art and memorabilia rescued from the destroyed royal palace. The exhibition is very popular. Visit the people of Warsaw from her numerous trips out of the country and abroad. CAF - Photo. Gładysz</text>
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                  <text>&lt;p&gt;The Towarzystwo Łączności z Polonią Zagraniczną "Polonia” Collection is an assortment of photographs created by the Ministry of Internal Affairs in communist Poland sent to the United States’ “Polonia,” or, areas or countries with a significant community of Poles outside of Poland. These photographs, most likely sent out in series, date from the 1960s to the early 1970s.  The University at Buffalo’s collection is made up of 32 folders containing 461 photographs that pertain to an assortment of topics highlighting Poland’s cultural, historical, technological and industrial advances, especially during the period of communist rule. The University at Buffalo Libraries have digitized these photographs and have attempted to maintain the original order of the series.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;This collection of propaganda photographs portrays selections of Polish culture, meant to show the country in the most advantageous fashion. Series in the collection include photographs of famous professors, actors, and musicians. There are also series featuring important industrial, historical and educational institutions, including bustling, modern cities and relaxing vacation destinations, according to the Polish Ministry of Internal Affairs.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;This collection was created by the &lt;em&gt;Towarzystwo Łączności z Polonią Zagraniczną "Polonia,”&lt;/em&gt; which translates to the &lt;em&gt;Society for Foreign Liaison with Poles, “Polonia.”&lt;/em&gt; This group wanted to establish a relationship between Polish people at home and abroad. The Towarzystwo Łączności z Polonią Zagraniczną "Polonia” and the Ministry of Internal Affairs in communist Poland aimed to give a broad and positive overview of life in Poland for those who emigrated and those with Polish heritage.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The photographs themselves were taken by the &lt;em&gt;Centralna Agencja Fotograficzna&lt;/em&gt; which translates to the &lt;em&gt;Central Photographic Agency&lt;/em&gt;. This agency operated from 1951 to 1991 and released millions of photographs.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Historians have noted that during this time in Poland, there was a “propaganda of success.” This meant “[m]edia reporting bloated domestic economic results and political accomplishments and glowingly described the party leader’s close contacts with foreign heads of state. Never had Poland’s stature in the international community been so great, propaganda repeated” (Taras, 1984, p. 145). This tone of flawless accomplishment appears to have bled into this collection. Many of the photograph descriptions boast Poland’s accomplishments while ignoring serious economic, cultural and societal problems.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p&gt;Works Cited&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Narodowe Archiwum Cyfrowe. (2015). &lt;em&gt;Centralna Agencja Fotograficzna.&lt;/em&gt; Retrieved from &lt;a href="http://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&amp;amp;sl=pl&amp;amp;u=http://www.nac.gov.pl/caf&amp;amp;prev=search"&gt;http://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&amp;amp;sl=pl&amp;amp;u=http://www.nac.gov.pl/caf&amp;amp;prev=search&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Nitschke, B. (December 2012). Działalność towarzystwa łączności z Polonią zagraniczną „Polonia” wobec polskiej emigracji w latach 1955-1970. &lt;em&gt;Annales UMCS, Sectio K (Politologia),&lt;/em&gt; &lt;em&gt;19&lt;/em&gt;(1): 159–185. DOI: 10.2478/v10226-012-0007-9.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Taras, R. (1984). &lt;em&gt;Ideology in a socialist state.&lt;/em&gt; Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.&lt;/p&gt;</text>
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                <text>Tourism, [no. 23]</text>
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                <text>Budowanie barów szybkiej obsługi na uczęszczanych szlakach turystycznych zyskało sobie ogromne uznanie. Przyjemnie jest po wielu godzinach jazdy czy marszu, odpocząć, zjeść. Na zdj.: jeden z takich barów przy drodze na Szyndzielnię k Bielska Białej. 
CAF- Fot. Jakubowski</text>
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                <text>Build fast food for busy tourist routes gained a huge recognition. It is nice after many hours of driving or walking, to relax, eat. In the photo: one of those bars on the way to Szyndzielnia near Bielsko Biala. 
CAF- Fig. Jakubowski</text>
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                <text>Roadside rest areas -- Poland </text>
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                <text> Restaurants -- Poland </text>
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                <text> Tourism -- Poland</text>
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                <text>Bielsko-Biała</text>
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                <text>State University of New York at Buffalo. University Libraries</text>
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                <text>State University of New York at Buffalo. Polish Collection</text>
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                <text>&lt;a href="https://rightsstatements.org/page/NoC-US/1.0/"&gt;NO COPYRIGHT – UNITED STATES&lt;/a&gt;. The organization that has made the Item available believes that the Item is in the Public Domain under the laws of the United States, but a determination was not made as to its copyright status under the copyright laws of other countries. The Item may not be in the Public Domain under the laws of other countries. Please refer to the organization that has made the Item available for more information.</text>
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                  <text>&lt;p&gt;The Towarzystwo Łączności z Polonią Zagraniczną "Polonia” Collection is an assortment of photographs created by the Ministry of Internal Affairs in communist Poland sent to the United States’ “Polonia,” or, areas or countries with a significant community of Poles outside of Poland. These photographs, most likely sent out in series, date from the 1960s to the early 1970s.  The University at Buffalo’s collection is made up of 32 folders containing 461 photographs that pertain to an assortment of topics highlighting Poland’s cultural, historical, technological and industrial advances, especially during the period of communist rule. The University at Buffalo Libraries have digitized these photographs and have attempted to maintain the original order of the series.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;This collection of propaganda photographs portrays selections of Polish culture, meant to show the country in the most advantageous fashion. Series in the collection include photographs of famous professors, actors, and musicians. There are also series featuring important industrial, historical and educational institutions, including bustling, modern cities and relaxing vacation destinations, according to the Polish Ministry of Internal Affairs.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;This collection was created by the &lt;em&gt;Towarzystwo Łączności z Polonią Zagraniczną "Polonia,”&lt;/em&gt; which translates to the &lt;em&gt;Society for Foreign Liaison with Poles, “Polonia.”&lt;/em&gt; This group wanted to establish a relationship between Polish people at home and abroad. The Towarzystwo Łączności z Polonią Zagraniczną "Polonia” and the Ministry of Internal Affairs in communist Poland aimed to give a broad and positive overview of life in Poland for those who emigrated and those with Polish heritage.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The photographs themselves were taken by the &lt;em&gt;Centralna Agencja Fotograficzna&lt;/em&gt; which translates to the &lt;em&gt;Central Photographic Agency&lt;/em&gt;. This agency operated from 1951 to 1991 and released millions of photographs.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Historians have noted that during this time in Poland, there was a “propaganda of success.” This meant “[m]edia reporting bloated domestic economic results and political accomplishments and glowingly described the party leader’s close contacts with foreign heads of state. Never had Poland’s stature in the international community been so great, propaganda repeated” (Taras, 1984, p. 145). This tone of flawless accomplishment appears to have bled into this collection. Many of the photograph descriptions boast Poland’s accomplishments while ignoring serious economic, cultural and societal problems.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p&gt;Works Cited&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Narodowe Archiwum Cyfrowe. (2015). &lt;em&gt;Centralna Agencja Fotograficzna.&lt;/em&gt; Retrieved from &lt;a href="http://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&amp;amp;sl=pl&amp;amp;u=http://www.nac.gov.pl/caf&amp;amp;prev=search"&gt;http://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&amp;amp;sl=pl&amp;amp;u=http://www.nac.gov.pl/caf&amp;amp;prev=search&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Nitschke, B. (December 2012). Działalność towarzystwa łączności z Polonią zagraniczną „Polonia” wobec polskiej emigracji w latach 1955-1970. &lt;em&gt;Annales UMCS, Sectio K (Politologia),&lt;/em&gt; &lt;em&gt;19&lt;/em&gt;(1): 159–185. DOI: 10.2478/v10226-012-0007-9.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Taras, R. (1984). &lt;em&gt;Ideology in a socialist state.&lt;/em&gt; Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.&lt;/p&gt;</text>
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                <text>Tourism, [no. 24]</text>
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                <text>Gościliśmy także naszych Rodaków z dalekich krajów. Uczestnicy wycieczek polonijnych odwiedzali miasta polskie, krewnych i znajomych. Przylot jednej z grup na lotnisko Okęcie w Warszawie.</text>
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                <text>Also hosted our compatriots from distant countries. Participants visited city tours Polonia Polish, relatives and friends. Arrival of one of the groups at the Okęcie Airport in Warsaw.</text>
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                <text>Warsaw</text>
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                  <text>&lt;p&gt;The Towarzystwo Łączności z Polonią Zagraniczną "Polonia” Collection is an assortment of photographs created by the Ministry of Internal Affairs in communist Poland sent to the United States’ “Polonia,” or, areas or countries with a significant community of Poles outside of Poland. These photographs, most likely sent out in series, date from the 1960s to the early 1970s.  The University at Buffalo’s collection is made up of 32 folders containing 461 photographs that pertain to an assortment of topics highlighting Poland’s cultural, historical, technological and industrial advances, especially during the period of communist rule. The University at Buffalo Libraries have digitized these photographs and have attempted to maintain the original order of the series.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;This collection of propaganda photographs portrays selections of Polish culture, meant to show the country in the most advantageous fashion. Series in the collection include photographs of famous professors, actors, and musicians. There are also series featuring important industrial, historical and educational institutions, including bustling, modern cities and relaxing vacation destinations, according to the Polish Ministry of Internal Affairs.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;This collection was created by the &lt;em&gt;Towarzystwo Łączności z Polonią Zagraniczną "Polonia,”&lt;/em&gt; which translates to the &lt;em&gt;Society for Foreign Liaison with Poles, “Polonia.”&lt;/em&gt; This group wanted to establish a relationship between Polish people at home and abroad. The Towarzystwo Łączności z Polonią Zagraniczną "Polonia” and the Ministry of Internal Affairs in communist Poland aimed to give a broad and positive overview of life in Poland for those who emigrated and those with Polish heritage.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The photographs themselves were taken by the &lt;em&gt;Centralna Agencja Fotograficzna&lt;/em&gt; which translates to the &lt;em&gt;Central Photographic Agency&lt;/em&gt;. This agency operated from 1951 to 1991 and released millions of photographs.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Historians have noted that during this time in Poland, there was a “propaganda of success.” This meant “[m]edia reporting bloated domestic economic results and political accomplishments and glowingly described the party leader’s close contacts with foreign heads of state. Never had Poland’s stature in the international community been so great, propaganda repeated” (Taras, 1984, p. 145). This tone of flawless accomplishment appears to have bled into this collection. Many of the photograph descriptions boast Poland’s accomplishments while ignoring serious economic, cultural and societal problems.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p&gt;Works Cited&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Narodowe Archiwum Cyfrowe. (2015). &lt;em&gt;Centralna Agencja Fotograficzna.&lt;/em&gt; Retrieved from &lt;a href="http://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&amp;amp;sl=pl&amp;amp;u=http://www.nac.gov.pl/caf&amp;amp;prev=search"&gt;http://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&amp;amp;sl=pl&amp;amp;u=http://www.nac.gov.pl/caf&amp;amp;prev=search&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Nitschke, B. (December 2012). Działalność towarzystwa łączności z Polonią zagraniczną „Polonia” wobec polskiej emigracji w latach 1955-1970. &lt;em&gt;Annales UMCS, Sectio K (Politologia),&lt;/em&gt; &lt;em&gt;19&lt;/em&gt;(1): 159–185. DOI: 10.2478/v10226-012-0007-9.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Taras, R. (1984). &lt;em&gt;Ideology in a socialist state.&lt;/em&gt; Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.&lt;/p&gt;</text>
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                  <text>LIB-007</text>
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                <text>Towns of Poland, no. 2</text>
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                <text>Pines and oaks on the hills behind Poland's seaport frame a typical bit of
Gdynia. In the foreground are railroad tracks and office buildings, in
the background the inner harbor behind its breakwater with ships lying
outside waiting to berth. Through the gate in the breakwater flows most
of Poland's foreign trade, carried to or from the coast by the new rail
lines from the coal basins, the industrial towns and the ancient cities of the interior.</text>
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                <text> Harbors -- Poland  -- Gdynia</text>
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                <text>Gdynia</text>
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                <text>Towarzystwo Łączności z Polonią Zagraniczną "Polonia” Collection. LIB-007</text>
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                <text>State University of New York at Buffalo. Polish Collection</text>
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            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="1941051">
                <text>&lt;a href="https://rightsstatements.org/page/NoC-US/1.0/"&gt;NO COPYRIGHT – UNITED STATES&lt;/a&gt;. The organization that has made the Item available believes that the Item is in the Public Domain under the laws of the United States, but a determination was not made as to its copyright status under the copyright laws of other countries. The Item may not be in the Public Domain under the laws of other countries. Please refer to the organization that has made the Item available for more information.</text>
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                  <text>&lt;p&gt;The Towarzystwo Łączności z Polonią Zagraniczną "Polonia” Collection is an assortment of photographs created by the Ministry of Internal Affairs in communist Poland sent to the United States’ “Polonia,” or, areas or countries with a significant community of Poles outside of Poland. These photographs, most likely sent out in series, date from the 1960s to the early 1970s.  The University at Buffalo’s collection is made up of 32 folders containing 461 photographs that pertain to an assortment of topics highlighting Poland’s cultural, historical, technological and industrial advances, especially during the period of communist rule. The University at Buffalo Libraries have digitized these photographs and have attempted to maintain the original order of the series.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;This collection of propaganda photographs portrays selections of Polish culture, meant to show the country in the most advantageous fashion. Series in the collection include photographs of famous professors, actors, and musicians. There are also series featuring important industrial, historical and educational institutions, including bustling, modern cities and relaxing vacation destinations, according to the Polish Ministry of Internal Affairs.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;This collection was created by the &lt;em&gt;Towarzystwo Łączności z Polonią Zagraniczną "Polonia,”&lt;/em&gt; which translates to the &lt;em&gt;Society for Foreign Liaison with Poles, “Polonia.”&lt;/em&gt; This group wanted to establish a relationship between Polish people at home and abroad. The Towarzystwo Łączności z Polonią Zagraniczną "Polonia” and the Ministry of Internal Affairs in communist Poland aimed to give a broad and positive overview of life in Poland for those who emigrated and those with Polish heritage.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The photographs themselves were taken by the &lt;em&gt;Centralna Agencja Fotograficzna&lt;/em&gt; which translates to the &lt;em&gt;Central Photographic Agency&lt;/em&gt;. This agency operated from 1951 to 1991 and released millions of photographs.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Historians have noted that during this time in Poland, there was a “propaganda of success.” This meant “[m]edia reporting bloated domestic economic results and political accomplishments and glowingly described the party leader’s close contacts with foreign heads of state. Never had Poland’s stature in the international community been so great, propaganda repeated” (Taras, 1984, p. 145). This tone of flawless accomplishment appears to have bled into this collection. Many of the photograph descriptions boast Poland’s accomplishments while ignoring serious economic, cultural and societal problems.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p&gt;Works Cited&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Narodowe Archiwum Cyfrowe. (2015). &lt;em&gt;Centralna Agencja Fotograficzna.&lt;/em&gt; Retrieved from &lt;a href="http://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&amp;amp;sl=pl&amp;amp;u=http://www.nac.gov.pl/caf&amp;amp;prev=search"&gt;http://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&amp;amp;sl=pl&amp;amp;u=http://www.nac.gov.pl/caf&amp;amp;prev=search&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Nitschke, B. (December 2012). Działalność towarzystwa łączności z Polonią zagraniczną „Polonia” wobec polskiej emigracji w latach 1955-1970. &lt;em&gt;Annales UMCS, Sectio K (Politologia),&lt;/em&gt; &lt;em&gt;19&lt;/em&gt;(1): 159–185. DOI: 10.2478/v10226-012-0007-9.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Taras, R. (1984). &lt;em&gt;Ideology in a socialist state.&lt;/em&gt; Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.&lt;/p&gt;</text>
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                  <text>&lt;p&gt;The Towarzystwo Łączności z Polonią Zagraniczną "Polonia” Collection is an assortment of photographs created by the Ministry of Internal Affairs in communist Poland sent to the United States’ “Polonia,” or, areas or countries with a significant community of Poles outside of Poland. These photographs, most likely sent out in series, date from the 1960s to the early 1970s.  The University at Buffalo’s collection is made up of 32 folders containing 461 photographs that pertain to an assortment of topics highlighting Poland’s cultural, historical, technological and industrial advances, especially during the period of communist rule. The University at Buffalo Libraries have digitized these photographs and have attempted to maintain the original order of the series.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;This collection of propaganda photographs portrays selections of Polish culture, meant to show the country in the most advantageous fashion. Series in the collection include photographs of famous professors, actors, and musicians. There are also series featuring important industrial, historical and educational institutions, including bustling, modern cities and relaxing vacation destinations, according to the Polish Ministry of Internal Affairs.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;This collection was created by the &lt;em&gt;Towarzystwo Łączności z Polonią Zagraniczną "Polonia,”&lt;/em&gt; which translates to the &lt;em&gt;Society for Foreign Liaison with Poles, “Polonia.”&lt;/em&gt; This group wanted to establish a relationship between Polish people at home and abroad. The Towarzystwo Łączności z Polonią Zagraniczną "Polonia” and the Ministry of Internal Affairs in communist Poland aimed to give a broad and positive overview of life in Poland for those who emigrated and those with Polish heritage.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The photographs themselves were taken by the &lt;em&gt;Centralna Agencja Fotograficzna&lt;/em&gt; which translates to the &lt;em&gt;Central Photographic Agency&lt;/em&gt;. This agency operated from 1951 to 1991 and released millions of photographs.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Historians have noted that during this time in Poland, there was a “propaganda of success.” This meant “[m]edia reporting bloated domestic economic results and political accomplishments and glowingly described the party leader’s close contacts with foreign heads of state. Never had Poland’s stature in the international community been so great, propaganda repeated” (Taras, 1984, p. 145). This tone of flawless accomplishment appears to have bled into this collection. Many of the photograph descriptions boast Poland’s accomplishments while ignoring serious economic, cultural and societal problems.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p&gt;Works Cited&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Narodowe Archiwum Cyfrowe. (2015). &lt;em&gt;Centralna Agencja Fotograficzna.&lt;/em&gt; Retrieved from &lt;a href="http://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&amp;amp;sl=pl&amp;amp;u=http://www.nac.gov.pl/caf&amp;amp;prev=search"&gt;http://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&amp;amp;sl=pl&amp;amp;u=http://www.nac.gov.pl/caf&amp;amp;prev=search&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Nitschke, B. (December 2012). Działalność towarzystwa łączności z Polonią zagraniczną „Polonia” wobec polskiej emigracji w latach 1955-1970. &lt;em&gt;Annales UMCS, Sectio K (Politologia),&lt;/em&gt; &lt;em&gt;19&lt;/em&gt;(1): 159–185. DOI: 10.2478/v10226-012-0007-9.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Taras, R. (1984). &lt;em&gt;Ideology in a socialist state.&lt;/em&gt; Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.&lt;/p&gt;</text>
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                  <text>&lt;p&gt;The Towarzystwo Łączności z Polonią Zagraniczną "Polonia” Collection is an assortment of photographs created by the Ministry of Internal Affairs in communist Poland sent to the United States’ “Polonia,” or, areas or countries with a significant community of Poles outside of Poland. These photographs, most likely sent out in series, date from the 1960s to the early 1970s.  The University at Buffalo’s collection is made up of 32 folders containing 461 photographs that pertain to an assortment of topics highlighting Poland’s cultural, historical, technological and industrial advances, especially during the period of communist rule. The University at Buffalo Libraries have digitized these photographs and have attempted to maintain the original order of the series.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;This collection of propaganda photographs portrays selections of Polish culture, meant to show the country in the most advantageous fashion. Series in the collection include photographs of famous professors, actors, and musicians. There are also series featuring important industrial, historical and educational institutions, including bustling, modern cities and relaxing vacation destinations, according to the Polish Ministry of Internal Affairs.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;This collection was created by the &lt;em&gt;Towarzystwo Łączności z Polonią Zagraniczną "Polonia,”&lt;/em&gt; which translates to the &lt;em&gt;Society for Foreign Liaison with Poles, “Polonia.”&lt;/em&gt; This group wanted to establish a relationship between Polish people at home and abroad. The Towarzystwo Łączności z Polonią Zagraniczną "Polonia” and the Ministry of Internal Affairs in communist Poland aimed to give a broad and positive overview of life in Poland for those who emigrated and those with Polish heritage.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The photographs themselves were taken by the &lt;em&gt;Centralna Agencja Fotograficzna&lt;/em&gt; which translates to the &lt;em&gt;Central Photographic Agency&lt;/em&gt;. This agency operated from 1951 to 1991 and released millions of photographs.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Historians have noted that during this time in Poland, there was a “propaganda of success.” This meant “[m]edia reporting bloated domestic economic results and political accomplishments and glowingly described the party leader’s close contacts with foreign heads of state. Never had Poland’s stature in the international community been so great, propaganda repeated” (Taras, 1984, p. 145). This tone of flawless accomplishment appears to have bled into this collection. Many of the photograph descriptions boast Poland’s accomplishments while ignoring serious economic, cultural and societal problems.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p&gt;Works Cited&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Narodowe Archiwum Cyfrowe. (2015). &lt;em&gt;Centralna Agencja Fotograficzna.&lt;/em&gt; Retrieved from &lt;a href="http://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&amp;amp;sl=pl&amp;amp;u=http://www.nac.gov.pl/caf&amp;amp;prev=search"&gt;http://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&amp;amp;sl=pl&amp;amp;u=http://www.nac.gov.pl/caf&amp;amp;prev=search&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Nitschke, B. (December 2012). Działalność towarzystwa łączności z Polonią zagraniczną „Polonia” wobec polskiej emigracji w latach 1955-1970. &lt;em&gt;Annales UMCS, Sectio K (Politologia),&lt;/em&gt; &lt;em&gt;19&lt;/em&gt;(1): 159–185. DOI: 10.2478/v10226-012-0007-9.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Taras, R. (1984). &lt;em&gt;Ideology in a socialist state.&lt;/em&gt; Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.&lt;/p&gt;</text>
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                  <text>&lt;p&gt;The Towarzystwo Łączności z Polonią Zagraniczną "Polonia” Collection is an assortment of photographs created by the Ministry of Internal Affairs in communist Poland sent to the United States’ “Polonia,” or, areas or countries with a significant community of Poles outside of Poland. These photographs, most likely sent out in series, date from the 1960s to the early 1970s.  The University at Buffalo’s collection is made up of 32 folders containing 461 photographs that pertain to an assortment of topics highlighting Poland’s cultural, historical, technological and industrial advances, especially during the period of communist rule. The University at Buffalo Libraries have digitized these photographs and have attempted to maintain the original order of the series.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;This collection of propaganda photographs portrays selections of Polish culture, meant to show the country in the most advantageous fashion. Series in the collection include photographs of famous professors, actors, and musicians. There are also series featuring important industrial, historical and educational institutions, including bustling, modern cities and relaxing vacation destinations, according to the Polish Ministry of Internal Affairs.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;This collection was created by the &lt;em&gt;Towarzystwo Łączności z Polonią Zagraniczną "Polonia,”&lt;/em&gt; which translates to the &lt;em&gt;Society for Foreign Liaison with Poles, “Polonia.”&lt;/em&gt; This group wanted to establish a relationship between Polish people at home and abroad. The Towarzystwo Łączności z Polonią Zagraniczną "Polonia” and the Ministry of Internal Affairs in communist Poland aimed to give a broad and positive overview of life in Poland for those who emigrated and those with Polish heritage.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The photographs themselves were taken by the &lt;em&gt;Centralna Agencja Fotograficzna&lt;/em&gt; which translates to the &lt;em&gt;Central Photographic Agency&lt;/em&gt;. This agency operated from 1951 to 1991 and released millions of photographs.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Historians have noted that during this time in Poland, there was a “propaganda of success.” This meant “[m]edia reporting bloated domestic economic results and political accomplishments and glowingly described the party leader’s close contacts with foreign heads of state. Never had Poland’s stature in the international community been so great, propaganda repeated” (Taras, 1984, p. 145). This tone of flawless accomplishment appears to have bled into this collection. Many of the photograph descriptions boast Poland’s accomplishments while ignoring serious economic, cultural and societal problems.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p&gt;Works Cited&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Narodowe Archiwum Cyfrowe. (2015). &lt;em&gt;Centralna Agencja Fotograficzna.&lt;/em&gt; Retrieved from &lt;a href="http://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&amp;amp;sl=pl&amp;amp;u=http://www.nac.gov.pl/caf&amp;amp;prev=search"&gt;http://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&amp;amp;sl=pl&amp;amp;u=http://www.nac.gov.pl/caf&amp;amp;prev=search&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Nitschke, B. (December 2012). Działalność towarzystwa łączności z Polonią zagraniczną „Polonia” wobec polskiej emigracji w latach 1955-1970. &lt;em&gt;Annales UMCS, Sectio K (Politologia),&lt;/em&gt; &lt;em&gt;19&lt;/em&gt;(1): 159–185. DOI: 10.2478/v10226-012-0007-9.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Taras, R. (1984). &lt;em&gt;Ideology in a socialist state.&lt;/em&gt; Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.&lt;/p&gt;</text>
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                  <text>&lt;p&gt;The Towarzystwo Łączności z Polonią Zagraniczną "Polonia” Collection is an assortment of photographs created by the Ministry of Internal Affairs in communist Poland sent to the United States’ “Polonia,” or, areas or countries with a significant community of Poles outside of Poland. These photographs, most likely sent out in series, date from the 1960s to the early 1970s.  The University at Buffalo’s collection is made up of 32 folders containing 461 photographs that pertain to an assortment of topics highlighting Poland’s cultural, historical, technological and industrial advances, especially during the period of communist rule. The University at Buffalo Libraries have digitized these photographs and have attempted to maintain the original order of the series.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;This collection of propaganda photographs portrays selections of Polish culture, meant to show the country in the most advantageous fashion. Series in the collection include photographs of famous professors, actors, and musicians. There are also series featuring important industrial, historical and educational institutions, including bustling, modern cities and relaxing vacation destinations, according to the Polish Ministry of Internal Affairs.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;This collection was created by the &lt;em&gt;Towarzystwo Łączności z Polonią Zagraniczną "Polonia,”&lt;/em&gt; which translates to the &lt;em&gt;Society for Foreign Liaison with Poles, “Polonia.”&lt;/em&gt; This group wanted to establish a relationship between Polish people at home and abroad. The Towarzystwo Łączności z Polonią Zagraniczną "Polonia” and the Ministry of Internal Affairs in communist Poland aimed to give a broad and positive overview of life in Poland for those who emigrated and those with Polish heritage.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The photographs themselves were taken by the &lt;em&gt;Centralna Agencja Fotograficzna&lt;/em&gt; which translates to the &lt;em&gt;Central Photographic Agency&lt;/em&gt;. This agency operated from 1951 to 1991 and released millions of photographs.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Historians have noted that during this time in Poland, there was a “propaganda of success.” This meant “[m]edia reporting bloated domestic economic results and political accomplishments and glowingly described the party leader’s close contacts with foreign heads of state. Never had Poland’s stature in the international community been so great, propaganda repeated” (Taras, 1984, p. 145). This tone of flawless accomplishment appears to have bled into this collection. Many of the photograph descriptions boast Poland’s accomplishments while ignoring serious economic, cultural and societal problems.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p&gt;Works Cited&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Narodowe Archiwum Cyfrowe. (2015). &lt;em&gt;Centralna Agencja Fotograficzna.&lt;/em&gt; Retrieved from &lt;a href="http://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&amp;amp;sl=pl&amp;amp;u=http://www.nac.gov.pl/caf&amp;amp;prev=search"&gt;http://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&amp;amp;sl=pl&amp;amp;u=http://www.nac.gov.pl/caf&amp;amp;prev=search&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Nitschke, B. (December 2012). Działalność towarzystwa łączności z Polonią zagraniczną „Polonia” wobec polskiej emigracji w latach 1955-1970. &lt;em&gt;Annales UMCS, Sectio K (Politologia),&lt;/em&gt; &lt;em&gt;19&lt;/em&gt;(1): 159–185. DOI: 10.2478/v10226-012-0007-9.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Taras, R. (1984). &lt;em&gt;Ideology in a socialist state.&lt;/em&gt; Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.&lt;/p&gt;</text>
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                  <text>&lt;p&gt;The Towarzystwo Łączności z Polonią Zagraniczną "Polonia” Collection is an assortment of photographs created by the Ministry of Internal Affairs in communist Poland sent to the United States’ “Polonia,” or, areas or countries with a significant community of Poles outside of Poland. These photographs, most likely sent out in series, date from the 1960s to the early 1970s.  The University at Buffalo’s collection is made up of 32 folders containing 461 photographs that pertain to an assortment of topics highlighting Poland’s cultural, historical, technological and industrial advances, especially during the period of communist rule. The University at Buffalo Libraries have digitized these photographs and have attempted to maintain the original order of the series.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;This collection of propaganda photographs portrays selections of Polish culture, meant to show the country in the most advantageous fashion. Series in the collection include photographs of famous professors, actors, and musicians. There are also series featuring important industrial, historical and educational institutions, including bustling, modern cities and relaxing vacation destinations, according to the Polish Ministry of Internal Affairs.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;This collection was created by the &lt;em&gt;Towarzystwo Łączności z Polonią Zagraniczną "Polonia,”&lt;/em&gt; which translates to the &lt;em&gt;Society for Foreign Liaison with Poles, “Polonia.”&lt;/em&gt; This group wanted to establish a relationship between Polish people at home and abroad. The Towarzystwo Łączności z Polonią Zagraniczną "Polonia” and the Ministry of Internal Affairs in communist Poland aimed to give a broad and positive overview of life in Poland for those who emigrated and those with Polish heritage.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The photographs themselves were taken by the &lt;em&gt;Centralna Agencja Fotograficzna&lt;/em&gt; which translates to the &lt;em&gt;Central Photographic Agency&lt;/em&gt;. This agency operated from 1951 to 1991 and released millions of photographs.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Historians have noted that during this time in Poland, there was a “propaganda of success.” This meant “[m]edia reporting bloated domestic economic results and political accomplishments and glowingly described the party leader’s close contacts with foreign heads of state. Never had Poland’s stature in the international community been so great, propaganda repeated” (Taras, 1984, p. 145). This tone of flawless accomplishment appears to have bled into this collection. Many of the photograph descriptions boast Poland’s accomplishments while ignoring serious economic, cultural and societal problems.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p&gt;Works Cited&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Narodowe Archiwum Cyfrowe. (2015). &lt;em&gt;Centralna Agencja Fotograficzna.&lt;/em&gt; Retrieved from &lt;a href="http://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&amp;amp;sl=pl&amp;amp;u=http://www.nac.gov.pl/caf&amp;amp;prev=search"&gt;http://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&amp;amp;sl=pl&amp;amp;u=http://www.nac.gov.pl/caf&amp;amp;prev=search&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Nitschke, B. (December 2012). Działalność towarzystwa łączności z Polonią zagraniczną „Polonia” wobec polskiej emigracji w latach 1955-1970. &lt;em&gt;Annales UMCS, Sectio K (Politologia),&lt;/em&gt; &lt;em&gt;19&lt;/em&gt;(1): 159–185. DOI: 10.2478/v10226-012-0007-9.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Taras, R. (1984). &lt;em&gt;Ideology in a socialist state.&lt;/em&gt; Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.&lt;/p&gt;</text>
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                  <text>&lt;p&gt;The Towarzystwo Łączności z Polonią Zagraniczną "Polonia” Collection is an assortment of photographs created by the Ministry of Internal Affairs in communist Poland sent to the United States’ “Polonia,” or, areas or countries with a significant community of Poles outside of Poland. These photographs, most likely sent out in series, date from the 1960s to the early 1970s.  The University at Buffalo’s collection is made up of 32 folders containing 461 photographs that pertain to an assortment of topics highlighting Poland’s cultural, historical, technological and industrial advances, especially during the period of communist rule. The University at Buffalo Libraries have digitized these photographs and have attempted to maintain the original order of the series.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;This collection of propaganda photographs portrays selections of Polish culture, meant to show the country in the most advantageous fashion. Series in the collection include photographs of famous professors, actors, and musicians. There are also series featuring important industrial, historical and educational institutions, including bustling, modern cities and relaxing vacation destinations, according to the Polish Ministry of Internal Affairs.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;This collection was created by the &lt;em&gt;Towarzystwo Łączności z Polonią Zagraniczną "Polonia,”&lt;/em&gt; which translates to the &lt;em&gt;Society for Foreign Liaison with Poles, “Polonia.”&lt;/em&gt; This group wanted to establish a relationship between Polish people at home and abroad. The Towarzystwo Łączności z Polonią Zagraniczną "Polonia” and the Ministry of Internal Affairs in communist Poland aimed to give a broad and positive overview of life in Poland for those who emigrated and those with Polish heritage.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The photographs themselves were taken by the &lt;em&gt;Centralna Agencja Fotograficzna&lt;/em&gt; which translates to the &lt;em&gt;Central Photographic Agency&lt;/em&gt;. This agency operated from 1951 to 1991 and released millions of photographs.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Historians have noted that during this time in Poland, there was a “propaganda of success.” This meant “[m]edia reporting bloated domestic economic results and political accomplishments and glowingly described the party leader’s close contacts with foreign heads of state. Never had Poland’s stature in the international community been so great, propaganda repeated” (Taras, 1984, p. 145). This tone of flawless accomplishment appears to have bled into this collection. Many of the photograph descriptions boast Poland’s accomplishments while ignoring serious economic, cultural and societal problems.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p&gt;Works Cited&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Narodowe Archiwum Cyfrowe. (2015). &lt;em&gt;Centralna Agencja Fotograficzna.&lt;/em&gt; Retrieved from &lt;a href="http://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&amp;amp;sl=pl&amp;amp;u=http://www.nac.gov.pl/caf&amp;amp;prev=search"&gt;http://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&amp;amp;sl=pl&amp;amp;u=http://www.nac.gov.pl/caf&amp;amp;prev=search&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Nitschke, B. (December 2012). Działalność towarzystwa łączności z Polonią zagraniczną „Polonia” wobec polskiej emigracji w latach 1955-1970. &lt;em&gt;Annales UMCS, Sectio K (Politologia),&lt;/em&gt; &lt;em&gt;19&lt;/em&gt;(1): 159–185. DOI: 10.2478/v10226-012-0007-9.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Taras, R. (1984). &lt;em&gt;Ideology in a socialist state.&lt;/em&gt; Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.&lt;/p&gt;</text>
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                  <text>&lt;p&gt;The Towarzystwo Łączności z Polonią Zagraniczną "Polonia” Collection is an assortment of photographs created by the Ministry of Internal Affairs in communist Poland sent to the United States’ “Polonia,” or, areas or countries with a significant community of Poles outside of Poland. These photographs, most likely sent out in series, date from the 1960s to the early 1970s.  The University at Buffalo’s collection is made up of 32 folders containing 461 photographs that pertain to an assortment of topics highlighting Poland’s cultural, historical, technological and industrial advances, especially during the period of communist rule. The University at Buffalo Libraries have digitized these photographs and have attempted to maintain the original order of the series.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;This collection of propaganda photographs portrays selections of Polish culture, meant to show the country in the most advantageous fashion. Series in the collection include photographs of famous professors, actors, and musicians. There are also series featuring important industrial, historical and educational institutions, including bustling, modern cities and relaxing vacation destinations, according to the Polish Ministry of Internal Affairs.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;This collection was created by the &lt;em&gt;Towarzystwo Łączności z Polonią Zagraniczną "Polonia,”&lt;/em&gt; which translates to the &lt;em&gt;Society for Foreign Liaison with Poles, “Polonia.”&lt;/em&gt; This group wanted to establish a relationship between Polish people at home and abroad. The Towarzystwo Łączności z Polonią Zagraniczną "Polonia” and the Ministry of Internal Affairs in communist Poland aimed to give a broad and positive overview of life in Poland for those who emigrated and those with Polish heritage.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The photographs themselves were taken by the &lt;em&gt;Centralna Agencja Fotograficzna&lt;/em&gt; which translates to the &lt;em&gt;Central Photographic Agency&lt;/em&gt;. This agency operated from 1951 to 1991 and released millions of photographs.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Historians have noted that during this time in Poland, there was a “propaganda of success.” This meant “[m]edia reporting bloated domestic economic results and political accomplishments and glowingly described the party leader’s close contacts with foreign heads of state. Never had Poland’s stature in the international community been so great, propaganda repeated” (Taras, 1984, p. 145). This tone of flawless accomplishment appears to have bled into this collection. Many of the photograph descriptions boast Poland’s accomplishments while ignoring serious economic, cultural and societal problems.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p&gt;Works Cited&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Narodowe Archiwum Cyfrowe. (2015). &lt;em&gt;Centralna Agencja Fotograficzna.&lt;/em&gt; Retrieved from &lt;a href="http://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&amp;amp;sl=pl&amp;amp;u=http://www.nac.gov.pl/caf&amp;amp;prev=search"&gt;http://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&amp;amp;sl=pl&amp;amp;u=http://www.nac.gov.pl/caf&amp;amp;prev=search&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Nitschke, B. (December 2012). Działalność towarzystwa łączności z Polonią zagraniczną „Polonia” wobec polskiej emigracji w latach 1955-1970. &lt;em&gt;Annales UMCS, Sectio K (Politologia),&lt;/em&gt; &lt;em&gt;19&lt;/em&gt;(1): 159–185. DOI: 10.2478/v10226-012-0007-9.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Taras, R. (1984). &lt;em&gt;Ideology in a socialist state.&lt;/em&gt; Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.&lt;/p&gt;</text>
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                <text>The statue of Copernicus at Torun, his birthplace.</text>
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            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
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                <text>&lt;a href="https://rightsstatements.org/page/NoC-US/1.0/"&gt;NO COPYRIGHT – UNITED STATES&lt;/a&gt;. The organization that has made the Item available believes that the Item is in the Public Domain under the laws of the United States, but a determination was not made as to its copyright status under the copyright laws of other countries. The Item may not be in the Public Domain under the laws of other countries. Please refer to the organization that has made the Item available for more information.</text>
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        <name>Poznań</name>
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        <name>Touruń</name>
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        <name>Towns of Poland</name>
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    </tagContainer>
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                  <text>Towarzystwo Łączności z Polonią Zagraniczną "Polonia” Collection</text>
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                  <text>&lt;p&gt;The Towarzystwo Łączności z Polonią Zagraniczną "Polonia” Collection is an assortment of photographs created by the Ministry of Internal Affairs in communist Poland sent to the United States’ “Polonia,” or, areas or countries with a significant community of Poles outside of Poland. These photographs, most likely sent out in series, date from the 1960s to the early 1970s.  The University at Buffalo’s collection is made up of 32 folders containing 461 photographs that pertain to an assortment of topics highlighting Poland’s cultural, historical, technological and industrial advances, especially during the period of communist rule. The University at Buffalo Libraries have digitized these photographs and have attempted to maintain the original order of the series.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;This collection of propaganda photographs portrays selections of Polish culture, meant to show the country in the most advantageous fashion. Series in the collection include photographs of famous professors, actors, and musicians. There are also series featuring important industrial, historical and educational institutions, including bustling, modern cities and relaxing vacation destinations, according to the Polish Ministry of Internal Affairs.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;This collection was created by the &lt;em&gt;Towarzystwo Łączności z Polonią Zagraniczną "Polonia,”&lt;/em&gt; which translates to the &lt;em&gt;Society for Foreign Liaison with Poles, “Polonia.”&lt;/em&gt; This group wanted to establish a relationship between Polish people at home and abroad. The Towarzystwo Łączności z Polonią Zagraniczną "Polonia” and the Ministry of Internal Affairs in communist Poland aimed to give a broad and positive overview of life in Poland for those who emigrated and those with Polish heritage.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The photographs themselves were taken by the &lt;em&gt;Centralna Agencja Fotograficzna&lt;/em&gt; which translates to the &lt;em&gt;Central Photographic Agency&lt;/em&gt;. This agency operated from 1951 to 1991 and released millions of photographs.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Historians have noted that during this time in Poland, there was a “propaganda of success.” This meant “[m]edia reporting bloated domestic economic results and political accomplishments and glowingly described the party leader’s close contacts with foreign heads of state. Never had Poland’s stature in the international community been so great, propaganda repeated” (Taras, 1984, p. 145). This tone of flawless accomplishment appears to have bled into this collection. Many of the photograph descriptions boast Poland’s accomplishments while ignoring serious economic, cultural and societal problems.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p&gt;Works Cited&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Narodowe Archiwum Cyfrowe. (2015). &lt;em&gt;Centralna Agencja Fotograficzna.&lt;/em&gt; Retrieved from &lt;a href="http://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&amp;amp;sl=pl&amp;amp;u=http://www.nac.gov.pl/caf&amp;amp;prev=search"&gt;http://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&amp;amp;sl=pl&amp;amp;u=http://www.nac.gov.pl/caf&amp;amp;prev=search&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Nitschke, B. (December 2012). Działalność towarzystwa łączności z Polonią zagraniczną „Polonia” wobec polskiej emigracji w latach 1955-1970. &lt;em&gt;Annales UMCS, Sectio K (Politologia),&lt;/em&gt; &lt;em&gt;19&lt;/em&gt;(1): 159–185. DOI: 10.2478/v10226-012-0007-9.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Taras, R. (1984). &lt;em&gt;Ideology in a socialist state.&lt;/em&gt; Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.&lt;/p&gt;</text>
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          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
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                <text>Crypts -- Poland</text>
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            <name>Language</name>
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                <text>State University of New York at Buffalo. Polish Collection</text>
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            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="1941042">
                <text>&lt;a href="https://rightsstatements.org/page/NoC-US/1.0/"&gt;NO COPYRIGHT – UNITED STATES&lt;/a&gt;. The organization that has made the Item available believes that the Item is in the Public Domain under the laws of the United States, but a determination was not made as to its copyright status under the copyright laws of other countries. The Item may not be in the Public Domain under the laws of other countries. Please refer to the organization that has made the Item available for more information.</text>
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                  <text>Towarzystwo Łączności z Polonią Zagraniczną "Polonia” Collection</text>
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                  <text>&lt;p&gt;The Towarzystwo Łączności z Polonią Zagraniczną "Polonia” Collection is an assortment of photographs created by the Ministry of Internal Affairs in communist Poland sent to the United States’ “Polonia,” or, areas or countries with a significant community of Poles outside of Poland. These photographs, most likely sent out in series, date from the 1960s to the early 1970s.  The University at Buffalo’s collection is made up of 32 folders containing 461 photographs that pertain to an assortment of topics highlighting Poland’s cultural, historical, technological and industrial advances, especially during the period of communist rule. The University at Buffalo Libraries have digitized these photographs and have attempted to maintain the original order of the series.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;This collection of propaganda photographs portrays selections of Polish culture, meant to show the country in the most advantageous fashion. Series in the collection include photographs of famous professors, actors, and musicians. There are also series featuring important industrial, historical and educational institutions, including bustling, modern cities and relaxing vacation destinations, according to the Polish Ministry of Internal Affairs.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;This collection was created by the &lt;em&gt;Towarzystwo Łączności z Polonią Zagraniczną "Polonia,”&lt;/em&gt; which translates to the &lt;em&gt;Society for Foreign Liaison with Poles, “Polonia.”&lt;/em&gt; This group wanted to establish a relationship between Polish people at home and abroad. The Towarzystwo Łączności z Polonią Zagraniczną "Polonia” and the Ministry of Internal Affairs in communist Poland aimed to give a broad and positive overview of life in Poland for those who emigrated and those with Polish heritage.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The photographs themselves were taken by the &lt;em&gt;Centralna Agencja Fotograficzna&lt;/em&gt; which translates to the &lt;em&gt;Central Photographic Agency&lt;/em&gt;. This agency operated from 1951 to 1991 and released millions of photographs.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Historians have noted that during this time in Poland, there was a “propaganda of success.” This meant “[m]edia reporting bloated domestic economic results and political accomplishments and glowingly described the party leader’s close contacts with foreign heads of state. Never had Poland’s stature in the international community been so great, propaganda repeated” (Taras, 1984, p. 145). This tone of flawless accomplishment appears to have bled into this collection. Many of the photograph descriptions boast Poland’s accomplishments while ignoring serious economic, cultural and societal problems.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p&gt;Works Cited&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Narodowe Archiwum Cyfrowe. (2015). &lt;em&gt;Centralna Agencja Fotograficzna.&lt;/em&gt; Retrieved from &lt;a href="http://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&amp;amp;sl=pl&amp;amp;u=http://www.nac.gov.pl/caf&amp;amp;prev=search"&gt;http://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&amp;amp;sl=pl&amp;amp;u=http://www.nac.gov.pl/caf&amp;amp;prev=search&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Nitschke, B. (December 2012). Działalność towarzystwa łączności z Polonią zagraniczną „Polonia” wobec polskiej emigracji w latach 1955-1970. &lt;em&gt;Annales UMCS, Sectio K (Politologia),&lt;/em&gt; &lt;em&gt;19&lt;/em&gt;(1): 159–185. DOI: 10.2478/v10226-012-0007-9.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Taras, R. (1984). &lt;em&gt;Ideology in a socialist state.&lt;/em&gt; Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.&lt;/p&gt;</text>
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                <text>Towns of Poland, [no. 44]</text>
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                <text>RELIGIOUS FIGURES CARVED BY MINERS IN 900-YEAR OLD POLISH SALT MINE
Devoutly religious and with an inborn flair for sculpture these figures
portraying Christ changing water into wine at the vvedding feast were carved
in salt by ordinary laborers in the 900- year old Wieliczka salt mines, near
Cracow, Poland's ancient capital. They constitute one of many groups in
the ornately carved chapel of St. Kinga, who is reputed to have miraculously
discovered the mine more than 900 years ago while on her way to be crowned
queen of Poland. Throughout the centuries these miners have carved devotional
images in the vast maze of subterranean passages and chambers but many
of them have been partly erased by the erosion of salt due to the dampness
or the earth.</text>
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                <text>Krakow</text>
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                  <text>&lt;p&gt;The Towarzystwo Łączności z Polonią Zagraniczną "Polonia” Collection is an assortment of photographs created by the Ministry of Internal Affairs in communist Poland sent to the United States’ “Polonia,” or, areas or countries with a significant community of Poles outside of Poland. These photographs, most likely sent out in series, date from the 1960s to the early 1970s.  The University at Buffalo’s collection is made up of 32 folders containing 461 photographs that pertain to an assortment of topics highlighting Poland’s cultural, historical, technological and industrial advances, especially during the period of communist rule. The University at Buffalo Libraries have digitized these photographs and have attempted to maintain the original order of the series.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;This collection of propaganda photographs portrays selections of Polish culture, meant to show the country in the most advantageous fashion. Series in the collection include photographs of famous professors, actors, and musicians. There are also series featuring important industrial, historical and educational institutions, including bustling, modern cities and relaxing vacation destinations, according to the Polish Ministry of Internal Affairs.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;This collection was created by the &lt;em&gt;Towarzystwo Łączności z Polonią Zagraniczną "Polonia,”&lt;/em&gt; which translates to the &lt;em&gt;Society for Foreign Liaison with Poles, “Polonia.”&lt;/em&gt; This group wanted to establish a relationship between Polish people at home and abroad. The Towarzystwo Łączności z Polonią Zagraniczną "Polonia” and the Ministry of Internal Affairs in communist Poland aimed to give a broad and positive overview of life in Poland for those who emigrated and those with Polish heritage.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The photographs themselves were taken by the &lt;em&gt;Centralna Agencja Fotograficzna&lt;/em&gt; which translates to the &lt;em&gt;Central Photographic Agency&lt;/em&gt;. This agency operated from 1951 to 1991 and released millions of photographs.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Historians have noted that during this time in Poland, there was a “propaganda of success.” This meant “[m]edia reporting bloated domestic economic results and political accomplishments and glowingly described the party leader’s close contacts with foreign heads of state. Never had Poland’s stature in the international community been so great, propaganda repeated” (Taras, 1984, p. 145). This tone of flawless accomplishment appears to have bled into this collection. Many of the photograph descriptions boast Poland’s accomplishments while ignoring serious economic, cultural and societal problems.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p&gt;Works Cited&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Narodowe Archiwum Cyfrowe. (2015). &lt;em&gt;Centralna Agencja Fotograficzna.&lt;/em&gt; Retrieved from &lt;a href="http://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&amp;amp;sl=pl&amp;amp;u=http://www.nac.gov.pl/caf&amp;amp;prev=search"&gt;http://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&amp;amp;sl=pl&amp;amp;u=http://www.nac.gov.pl/caf&amp;amp;prev=search&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Nitschke, B. (December 2012). Działalność towarzystwa łączności z Polonią zagraniczną „Polonia” wobec polskiej emigracji w latach 1955-1970. &lt;em&gt;Annales UMCS, Sectio K (Politologia),&lt;/em&gt; &lt;em&gt;19&lt;/em&gt;(1): 159–185. DOI: 10.2478/v10226-012-0007-9.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Taras, R. (1984). &lt;em&gt;Ideology in a socialist state.&lt;/em&gt; Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.&lt;/p&gt;</text>
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                  <text>&lt;p&gt;The Towarzystwo Łączności z Polonią Zagraniczną "Polonia” Collection is an assortment of photographs created by the Ministry of Internal Affairs in communist Poland sent to the United States’ “Polonia,” or, areas or countries with a significant community of Poles outside of Poland. These photographs, most likely sent out in series, date from the 1960s to the early 1970s.  The University at Buffalo’s collection is made up of 32 folders containing 461 photographs that pertain to an assortment of topics highlighting Poland’s cultural, historical, technological and industrial advances, especially during the period of communist rule. The University at Buffalo Libraries have digitized these photographs and have attempted to maintain the original order of the series.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;This collection of propaganda photographs portrays selections of Polish culture, meant to show the country in the most advantageous fashion. Series in the collection include photographs of famous professors, actors, and musicians. There are also series featuring important industrial, historical and educational institutions, including bustling, modern cities and relaxing vacation destinations, according to the Polish Ministry of Internal Affairs.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;This collection was created by the &lt;em&gt;Towarzystwo Łączności z Polonią Zagraniczną "Polonia,”&lt;/em&gt; which translates to the &lt;em&gt;Society for Foreign Liaison with Poles, “Polonia.”&lt;/em&gt; This group wanted to establish a relationship between Polish people at home and abroad. The Towarzystwo Łączności z Polonią Zagraniczną "Polonia” and the Ministry of Internal Affairs in communist Poland aimed to give a broad and positive overview of life in Poland for those who emigrated and those with Polish heritage.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The photographs themselves were taken by the &lt;em&gt;Centralna Agencja Fotograficzna&lt;/em&gt; which translates to the &lt;em&gt;Central Photographic Agency&lt;/em&gt;. This agency operated from 1951 to 1991 and released millions of photographs.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Historians have noted that during this time in Poland, there was a “propaganda of success.” This meant “[m]edia reporting bloated domestic economic results and political accomplishments and glowingly described the party leader’s close contacts with foreign heads of state. Never had Poland’s stature in the international community been so great, propaganda repeated” (Taras, 1984, p. 145). This tone of flawless accomplishment appears to have bled into this collection. Many of the photograph descriptions boast Poland’s accomplishments while ignoring serious economic, cultural and societal problems.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p&gt;Works Cited&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Narodowe Archiwum Cyfrowe. (2015). &lt;em&gt;Centralna Agencja Fotograficzna.&lt;/em&gt; Retrieved from &lt;a href="http://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&amp;amp;sl=pl&amp;amp;u=http://www.nac.gov.pl/caf&amp;amp;prev=search"&gt;http://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&amp;amp;sl=pl&amp;amp;u=http://www.nac.gov.pl/caf&amp;amp;prev=search&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Nitschke, B. (December 2012). Działalność towarzystwa łączności z Polonią zagraniczną „Polonia” wobec polskiej emigracji w latach 1955-1970. &lt;em&gt;Annales UMCS, Sectio K (Politologia),&lt;/em&gt; &lt;em&gt;19&lt;/em&gt;(1): 159–185. DOI: 10.2478/v10226-012-0007-9.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Taras, R. (1984). &lt;em&gt;Ideology in a socialist state.&lt;/em&gt; Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.&lt;/p&gt;</text>
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            <name>Title</name>
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                <text>Visiting Poland Today (1971), title page 1</text>
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                <text>CO WARTO W POLSCE ZOBACZYĆ!
Od szczytów Tatr, aż po szaro-błękitne wody Bałtyku rozciąga się ziemia
piękna i bogata, ziemia urodzajnych pól i wielkich kombinatów przemysłowych,
ziemia która po latach grozy i walki, zaczęła żyć własnym życiem-POLSKA.</text>
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                <text>WHAT TO SEE IN POLAND! 
From the peaks of the Tatra Mountains, to the gray-blue waters of the Baltic Sea extends to the earth 
beautiful and rich, earth fertile fields and large industrial conglomerates, land which, after years of terror and struggle, began to live its own life-POLAND.</text>
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                  <text>&lt;p&gt;The Towarzystwo Łączności z Polonią Zagraniczną "Polonia” Collection is an assortment of photographs created by the Ministry of Internal Affairs in communist Poland sent to the United States’ “Polonia,” or, areas or countries with a significant community of Poles outside of Poland. These photographs, most likely sent out in series, date from the 1960s to the early 1970s.  The University at Buffalo’s collection is made up of 32 folders containing 461 photographs that pertain to an assortment of topics highlighting Poland’s cultural, historical, technological and industrial advances, especially during the period of communist rule. The University at Buffalo Libraries have digitized these photographs and have attempted to maintain the original order of the series.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;This collection of propaganda photographs portrays selections of Polish culture, meant to show the country in the most advantageous fashion. Series in the collection include photographs of famous professors, actors, and musicians. There are also series featuring important industrial, historical and educational institutions, including bustling, modern cities and relaxing vacation destinations, according to the Polish Ministry of Internal Affairs.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;This collection was created by the &lt;em&gt;Towarzystwo Łączności z Polonią Zagraniczną "Polonia,”&lt;/em&gt; which translates to the &lt;em&gt;Society for Foreign Liaison with Poles, “Polonia.”&lt;/em&gt; This group wanted to establish a relationship between Polish people at home and abroad. The Towarzystwo Łączności z Polonią Zagraniczną "Polonia” and the Ministry of Internal Affairs in communist Poland aimed to give a broad and positive overview of life in Poland for those who emigrated and those with Polish heritage.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The photographs themselves were taken by the &lt;em&gt;Centralna Agencja Fotograficzna&lt;/em&gt; which translates to the &lt;em&gt;Central Photographic Agency&lt;/em&gt;. This agency operated from 1951 to 1991 and released millions of photographs.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Historians have noted that during this time in Poland, there was a “propaganda of success.” This meant “[m]edia reporting bloated domestic economic results and political accomplishments and glowingly described the party leader’s close contacts with foreign heads of state. Never had Poland’s stature in the international community been so great, propaganda repeated” (Taras, 1984, p. 145). This tone of flawless accomplishment appears to have bled into this collection. Many of the photograph descriptions boast Poland’s accomplishments while ignoring serious economic, cultural and societal problems.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p&gt;Works Cited&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Narodowe Archiwum Cyfrowe. (2015). &lt;em&gt;Centralna Agencja Fotograficzna.&lt;/em&gt; Retrieved from &lt;a href="http://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&amp;amp;sl=pl&amp;amp;u=http://www.nac.gov.pl/caf&amp;amp;prev=search"&gt;http://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&amp;amp;sl=pl&amp;amp;u=http://www.nac.gov.pl/caf&amp;amp;prev=search&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Nitschke, B. (December 2012). Działalność towarzystwa łączności z Polonią zagraniczną „Polonia” wobec polskiej emigracji w latach 1955-1970. &lt;em&gt;Annales UMCS, Sectio K (Politologia),&lt;/em&gt; &lt;em&gt;19&lt;/em&gt;(1): 159–185. DOI: 10.2478/v10226-012-0007-9.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Taras, R. (1984). &lt;em&gt;Ideology in a socialist state.&lt;/em&gt; Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.&lt;/p&gt;</text>
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                  <text>&lt;p&gt;The Towarzystwo Łączności z Polonią Zagraniczną "Polonia” Collection is an assortment of photographs created by the Ministry of Internal Affairs in communist Poland sent to the United States’ “Polonia,” or, areas or countries with a significant community of Poles outside of Poland. These photographs, most likely sent out in series, date from the 1960s to the early 1970s.  The University at Buffalo’s collection is made up of 32 folders containing 461 photographs that pertain to an assortment of topics highlighting Poland’s cultural, historical, technological and industrial advances, especially during the period of communist rule. The University at Buffalo Libraries have digitized these photographs and have attempted to maintain the original order of the series.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;This collection of propaganda photographs portrays selections of Polish culture, meant to show the country in the most advantageous fashion. Series in the collection include photographs of famous professors, actors, and musicians. There are also series featuring important industrial, historical and educational institutions, including bustling, modern cities and relaxing vacation destinations, according to the Polish Ministry of Internal Affairs.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;This collection was created by the &lt;em&gt;Towarzystwo Łączności z Polonią Zagraniczną "Polonia,”&lt;/em&gt; which translates to the &lt;em&gt;Society for Foreign Liaison with Poles, “Polonia.”&lt;/em&gt; This group wanted to establish a relationship between Polish people at home and abroad. The Towarzystwo Łączności z Polonią Zagraniczną "Polonia” and the Ministry of Internal Affairs in communist Poland aimed to give a broad and positive overview of life in Poland for those who emigrated and those with Polish heritage.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The photographs themselves were taken by the &lt;em&gt;Centralna Agencja Fotograficzna&lt;/em&gt; which translates to the &lt;em&gt;Central Photographic Agency&lt;/em&gt;. This agency operated from 1951 to 1991 and released millions of photographs.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Historians have noted that during this time in Poland, there was a “propaganda of success.” This meant “[m]edia reporting bloated domestic economic results and political accomplishments and glowingly described the party leader’s close contacts with foreign heads of state. Never had Poland’s stature in the international community been so great, propaganda repeated” (Taras, 1984, p. 145). This tone of flawless accomplishment appears to have bled into this collection. Many of the photograph descriptions boast Poland’s accomplishments while ignoring serious economic, cultural and societal problems.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p&gt;Works Cited&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Narodowe Archiwum Cyfrowe. (2015). &lt;em&gt;Centralna Agencja Fotograficzna.&lt;/em&gt; Retrieved from &lt;a href="http://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&amp;amp;sl=pl&amp;amp;u=http://www.nac.gov.pl/caf&amp;amp;prev=search"&gt;http://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&amp;amp;sl=pl&amp;amp;u=http://www.nac.gov.pl/caf&amp;amp;prev=search&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Nitschke, B. (December 2012). Działalność towarzystwa łączności z Polonią zagraniczną „Polonia” wobec polskiej emigracji w latach 1955-1970. &lt;em&gt;Annales UMCS, Sectio K (Politologia),&lt;/em&gt; &lt;em&gt;19&lt;/em&gt;(1): 159–185. DOI: 10.2478/v10226-012-0007-9.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Taras, R. (1984). &lt;em&gt;Ideology in a socialist state.&lt;/em&gt; Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.&lt;/p&gt;</text>
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                  <text>&lt;p&gt;The Towarzystwo Łączności z Polonią Zagraniczną "Polonia” Collection is an assortment of photographs created by the Ministry of Internal Affairs in communist Poland sent to the United States’ “Polonia,” or, areas or countries with a significant community of Poles outside of Poland. These photographs, most likely sent out in series, date from the 1960s to the early 1970s.  The University at Buffalo’s collection is made up of 32 folders containing 461 photographs that pertain to an assortment of topics highlighting Poland’s cultural, historical, technological and industrial advances, especially during the period of communist rule. The University at Buffalo Libraries have digitized these photographs and have attempted to maintain the original order of the series.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;This collection of propaganda photographs portrays selections of Polish culture, meant to show the country in the most advantageous fashion. Series in the collection include photographs of famous professors, actors, and musicians. There are also series featuring important industrial, historical and educational institutions, including bustling, modern cities and relaxing vacation destinations, according to the Polish Ministry of Internal Affairs.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;This collection was created by the &lt;em&gt;Towarzystwo Łączności z Polonią Zagraniczną "Polonia,”&lt;/em&gt; which translates to the &lt;em&gt;Society for Foreign Liaison with Poles, “Polonia.”&lt;/em&gt; This group wanted to establish a relationship between Polish people at home and abroad. The Towarzystwo Łączności z Polonią Zagraniczną "Polonia” and the Ministry of Internal Affairs in communist Poland aimed to give a broad and positive overview of life in Poland for those who emigrated and those with Polish heritage.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The photographs themselves were taken by the &lt;em&gt;Centralna Agencja Fotograficzna&lt;/em&gt; which translates to the &lt;em&gt;Central Photographic Agency&lt;/em&gt;. This agency operated from 1951 to 1991 and released millions of photographs.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Historians have noted that during this time in Poland, there was a “propaganda of success.” This meant “[m]edia reporting bloated domestic economic results and political accomplishments and glowingly described the party leader’s close contacts with foreign heads of state. Never had Poland’s stature in the international community been so great, propaganda repeated” (Taras, 1984, p. 145). This tone of flawless accomplishment appears to have bled into this collection. Many of the photograph descriptions boast Poland’s accomplishments while ignoring serious economic, cultural and societal problems.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p&gt;Works Cited&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Narodowe Archiwum Cyfrowe. (2015). &lt;em&gt;Centralna Agencja Fotograficzna.&lt;/em&gt; Retrieved from &lt;a href="http://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&amp;amp;sl=pl&amp;amp;u=http://www.nac.gov.pl/caf&amp;amp;prev=search"&gt;http://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&amp;amp;sl=pl&amp;amp;u=http://www.nac.gov.pl/caf&amp;amp;prev=search&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Nitschke, B. (December 2012). Działalność towarzystwa łączności z Polonią zagraniczną „Polonia” wobec polskiej emigracji w latach 1955-1970. &lt;em&gt;Annales UMCS, Sectio K (Politologia),&lt;/em&gt; &lt;em&gt;19&lt;/em&gt;(1): 159–185. DOI: 10.2478/v10226-012-0007-9.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Taras, R. (1984). &lt;em&gt;Ideology in a socialist state.&lt;/em&gt; Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.&lt;/p&gt;</text>
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                <text>Warszawa. W 1944 r. została prawie całkowicie zniszczona. W obłędnych planach hitlerowskich najeżdżców miała zniknąć z mapy świata jak i cały
naród polski. Dziś, po 25 latach, jest to wspaniałe, nowoczesne miasto, liczące już ponad 1.300.000 mieszkańców. Miasto, które chlubi się zarówno swoimi pięknymi dzielnicami jak i urokiem odbudowanych ze zniszczeń zabytków. Na zdj.: na Rynku Staromiejskim.</text>
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                <text>Warsaw in 1944 was almost completely destroyed. In the vicious plans of the Nazi invaders was to disappear from the map of the world and the whole Polish nation. Today, after 25 years, this is a great, modern city, with a population more than 1,300,000 inhabitants. The city, which prides itself on both its beautiful neighborhoods and charm rebuilt from the ruins of monuments. In the photo: in the Old Town Square.</text>
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                <text>State University of New York at Buffalo. Polish Collection</text>
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                <text>&lt;a href="https://rightsstatements.org/page/NoC-US/1.0/"&gt;NO COPYRIGHT – UNITED STATES&lt;/a&gt;. The organization that has made the Item available believes that the Item is in the Public Domain under the laws of the United States, but a determination was not made as to its copyright status under the copyright laws of other countries. The Item may not be in the Public Domain under the laws of other countries. Please refer to the organization that has made the Item available for more information.</text>
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                  <text>&lt;p&gt;The Towarzystwo Łączności z Polonią Zagraniczną "Polonia” Collection is an assortment of photographs created by the Ministry of Internal Affairs in communist Poland sent to the United States’ “Polonia,” or, areas or countries with a significant community of Poles outside of Poland. These photographs, most likely sent out in series, date from the 1960s to the early 1970s.  The University at Buffalo’s collection is made up of 32 folders containing 461 photographs that pertain to an assortment of topics highlighting Poland’s cultural, historical, technological and industrial advances, especially during the period of communist rule. The University at Buffalo Libraries have digitized these photographs and have attempted to maintain the original order of the series.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;This collection of propaganda photographs portrays selections of Polish culture, meant to show the country in the most advantageous fashion. Series in the collection include photographs of famous professors, actors, and musicians. There are also series featuring important industrial, historical and educational institutions, including bustling, modern cities and relaxing vacation destinations, according to the Polish Ministry of Internal Affairs.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;This collection was created by the &lt;em&gt;Towarzystwo Łączności z Polonią Zagraniczną "Polonia,”&lt;/em&gt; which translates to the &lt;em&gt;Society for Foreign Liaison with Poles, “Polonia.”&lt;/em&gt; This group wanted to establish a relationship between Polish people at home and abroad. The Towarzystwo Łączności z Polonią Zagraniczną "Polonia” and the Ministry of Internal Affairs in communist Poland aimed to give a broad and positive overview of life in Poland for those who emigrated and those with Polish heritage.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The photographs themselves were taken by the &lt;em&gt;Centralna Agencja Fotograficzna&lt;/em&gt; which translates to the &lt;em&gt;Central Photographic Agency&lt;/em&gt;. This agency operated from 1951 to 1991 and released millions of photographs.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Historians have noted that during this time in Poland, there was a “propaganda of success.” This meant “[m]edia reporting bloated domestic economic results and political accomplishments and glowingly described the party leader’s close contacts with foreign heads of state. Never had Poland’s stature in the international community been so great, propaganda repeated” (Taras, 1984, p. 145). This tone of flawless accomplishment appears to have bled into this collection. Many of the photograph descriptions boast Poland’s accomplishments while ignoring serious economic, cultural and societal problems.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p&gt;Works Cited&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Narodowe Archiwum Cyfrowe. (2015). &lt;em&gt;Centralna Agencja Fotograficzna.&lt;/em&gt; Retrieved from &lt;a href="http://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&amp;amp;sl=pl&amp;amp;u=http://www.nac.gov.pl/caf&amp;amp;prev=search"&gt;http://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&amp;amp;sl=pl&amp;amp;u=http://www.nac.gov.pl/caf&amp;amp;prev=search&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Nitschke, B. (December 2012). Działalność towarzystwa łączności z Polonią zagraniczną „Polonia” wobec polskiej emigracji w latach 1955-1970. &lt;em&gt;Annales UMCS, Sectio K (Politologia),&lt;/em&gt; &lt;em&gt;19&lt;/em&gt;(1): 159–185. DOI: 10.2478/v10226-012-0007-9.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Taras, R. (1984). &lt;em&gt;Ideology in a socialist state.&lt;/em&gt; Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.&lt;/p&gt;</text>
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                <text>Visiting Poland Today (1971), no. 2</text>
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            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                <text>Jedna z najmłodszych dzielnic stolicy - osiedle Za Żelazną Bramą.</text>
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                <text>One of the youngest districts of the capital - housing Behind the Iron Gate.</text>
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          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
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                <text>City life -- Poland </text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="473043">
                <text> Housing -- Poland </text>
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            <name>Language</name>
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              <elementText elementTextId="1941035">
                <text>&lt;a href="https://rightsstatements.org/page/NoC-US/1.0/"&gt;NO COPYRIGHT – UNITED STATES&lt;/a&gt;. The organization that has made the Item available believes that the Item is in the Public Domain under the laws of the United States, but a determination was not made as to its copyright status under the copyright laws of other countries. The Item may not be in the Public Domain under the laws of other countries. Please refer to the organization that has made the Item available for more information.</text>
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                  <text>&lt;p&gt;The Towarzystwo Łączności z Polonią Zagraniczną "Polonia” Collection is an assortment of photographs created by the Ministry of Internal Affairs in communist Poland sent to the United States’ “Polonia,” or, areas or countries with a significant community of Poles outside of Poland. These photographs, most likely sent out in series, date from the 1960s to the early 1970s.  The University at Buffalo’s collection is made up of 32 folders containing 461 photographs that pertain to an assortment of topics highlighting Poland’s cultural, historical, technological and industrial advances, especially during the period of communist rule. The University at Buffalo Libraries have digitized these photographs and have attempted to maintain the original order of the series.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;This collection of propaganda photographs portrays selections of Polish culture, meant to show the country in the most advantageous fashion. Series in the collection include photographs of famous professors, actors, and musicians. There are also series featuring important industrial, historical and educational institutions, including bustling, modern cities and relaxing vacation destinations, according to the Polish Ministry of Internal Affairs.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;This collection was created by the &lt;em&gt;Towarzystwo Łączności z Polonią Zagraniczną "Polonia,”&lt;/em&gt; which translates to the &lt;em&gt;Society for Foreign Liaison with Poles, “Polonia.”&lt;/em&gt; This group wanted to establish a relationship between Polish people at home and abroad. The Towarzystwo Łączności z Polonią Zagraniczną "Polonia” and the Ministry of Internal Affairs in communist Poland aimed to give a broad and positive overview of life in Poland for those who emigrated and those with Polish heritage.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The photographs themselves were taken by the &lt;em&gt;Centralna Agencja Fotograficzna&lt;/em&gt; which translates to the &lt;em&gt;Central Photographic Agency&lt;/em&gt;. This agency operated from 1951 to 1991 and released millions of photographs.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Historians have noted that during this time in Poland, there was a “propaganda of success.” This meant “[m]edia reporting bloated domestic economic results and political accomplishments and glowingly described the party leader’s close contacts with foreign heads of state. Never had Poland’s stature in the international community been so great, propaganda repeated” (Taras, 1984, p. 145). This tone of flawless accomplishment appears to have bled into this collection. Many of the photograph descriptions boast Poland’s accomplishments while ignoring serious economic, cultural and societal problems.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p&gt;Works Cited&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Narodowe Archiwum Cyfrowe. (2015). &lt;em&gt;Centralna Agencja Fotograficzna.&lt;/em&gt; Retrieved from &lt;a href="http://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&amp;amp;sl=pl&amp;amp;u=http://www.nac.gov.pl/caf&amp;amp;prev=search"&gt;http://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&amp;amp;sl=pl&amp;amp;u=http://www.nac.gov.pl/caf&amp;amp;prev=search&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Nitschke, B. (December 2012). Działalność towarzystwa łączności z Polonią zagraniczną „Polonia” wobec polskiej emigracji w latach 1955-1970. &lt;em&gt;Annales UMCS, Sectio K (Politologia),&lt;/em&gt; &lt;em&gt;19&lt;/em&gt;(1): 159–185. DOI: 10.2478/v10226-012-0007-9.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Taras, R. (1984). &lt;em&gt;Ideology in a socialist state.&lt;/em&gt; Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.&lt;/p&gt;</text>
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                <text>Visiting Poland Today (1971), no. 3</text>
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                <text>Przepiękne stroje łowickie, bajecznie kolorowe, można oglądać w czasie
festynów, zabaw ludowych lub na uroczystościach kościelnych. Na zdj.: fragment procesji Bożego Ciała w Łowiczu.</text>
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                <text>Beautiful costumes Łowickie, very colorful, can be viewed at  festivals, folk plays or church ceremonies. In the photo: portion of the Corpus Christi procession in Łowicz.</text>
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                  <text>&lt;p&gt;The Towarzystwo Łączności z Polonią Zagraniczną "Polonia” Collection is an assortment of photographs created by the Ministry of Internal Affairs in communist Poland sent to the United States’ “Polonia,” or, areas or countries with a significant community of Poles outside of Poland. These photographs, most likely sent out in series, date from the 1960s to the early 1970s.  The University at Buffalo’s collection is made up of 32 folders containing 461 photographs that pertain to an assortment of topics highlighting Poland’s cultural, historical, technological and industrial advances, especially during the period of communist rule. The University at Buffalo Libraries have digitized these photographs and have attempted to maintain the original order of the series.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;This collection of propaganda photographs portrays selections of Polish culture, meant to show the country in the most advantageous fashion. Series in the collection include photographs of famous professors, actors, and musicians. There are also series featuring important industrial, historical and educational institutions, including bustling, modern cities and relaxing vacation destinations, according to the Polish Ministry of Internal Affairs.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;This collection was created by the &lt;em&gt;Towarzystwo Łączności z Polonią Zagraniczną "Polonia,”&lt;/em&gt; which translates to the &lt;em&gt;Society for Foreign Liaison with Poles, “Polonia.”&lt;/em&gt; This group wanted to establish a relationship between Polish people at home and abroad. The Towarzystwo Łączności z Polonią Zagraniczną "Polonia” and the Ministry of Internal Affairs in communist Poland aimed to give a broad and positive overview of life in Poland for those who emigrated and those with Polish heritage.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The photographs themselves were taken by the &lt;em&gt;Centralna Agencja Fotograficzna&lt;/em&gt; which translates to the &lt;em&gt;Central Photographic Agency&lt;/em&gt;. This agency operated from 1951 to 1991 and released millions of photographs.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Historians have noted that during this time in Poland, there was a “propaganda of success.” This meant “[m]edia reporting bloated domestic economic results and political accomplishments and glowingly described the party leader’s close contacts with foreign heads of state. Never had Poland’s stature in the international community been so great, propaganda repeated” (Taras, 1984, p. 145). This tone of flawless accomplishment appears to have bled into this collection. Many of the photograph descriptions boast Poland’s accomplishments while ignoring serious economic, cultural and societal problems.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p&gt;Works Cited&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Narodowe Archiwum Cyfrowe. (2015). &lt;em&gt;Centralna Agencja Fotograficzna.&lt;/em&gt; Retrieved from &lt;a href="http://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&amp;amp;sl=pl&amp;amp;u=http://www.nac.gov.pl/caf&amp;amp;prev=search"&gt;http://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&amp;amp;sl=pl&amp;amp;u=http://www.nac.gov.pl/caf&amp;amp;prev=search&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Nitschke, B. (December 2012). Działalność towarzystwa łączności z Polonią zagraniczną „Polonia” wobec polskiej emigracji w latach 1955-1970. &lt;em&gt;Annales UMCS, Sectio K (Politologia),&lt;/em&gt; &lt;em&gt;19&lt;/em&gt;(1): 159–185. DOI: 10.2478/v10226-012-0007-9.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Taras, R. (1984). &lt;em&gt;Ideology in a socialist state.&lt;/em&gt; Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.&lt;/p&gt;</text>
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                <text>Visiting Poland Today (1971), no. 4</text>
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                <text>W zbudowanym po wojnie przemyśle, jedną z najważniejszych gałęzi jest chemia. W Mazowieckich Zakładach Petrochemicznych w Płocku, powstał, nowoczesny zakład przeróbki ropy naftowej - dostarczanej rurociągiem "Przyjażń" ze Związku Radzieckiego. Na zdj.: zbiorniki z płynnym gazem.</text>
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                <text>Built after the war industry, one of the most important branches of chemistry is in Mazovia in Plock Petrochemical Plant, established, modern oil processing plant - supplied by the pipeline "Friendship" from the Soviet Union. In the photo: tanks of liquid gas.</text>
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                <text> Gasholders -- Poland </text>
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                <text>&lt;a href="https://rightsstatements.org/page/NoC-US/1.0/"&gt;NO COPYRIGHT – UNITED STATES&lt;/a&gt;. The organization that has made the Item available believes that the Item is in the Public Domain under the laws of the United States, but a determination was not made as to its copyright status under the copyright laws of other countries. The Item may not be in the Public Domain under the laws of other countries. Please refer to the organization that has made the Item available for more information.</text>
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                  <text>Towarzystwo Łączności z Polonią Zagraniczną "Polonia” Collection</text>
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                  <text>&lt;p&gt;The Towarzystwo Łączności z Polonią Zagraniczną "Polonia” Collection is an assortment of photographs created by the Ministry of Internal Affairs in communist Poland sent to the United States’ “Polonia,” or, areas or countries with a significant community of Poles outside of Poland. These photographs, most likely sent out in series, date from the 1960s to the early 1970s.  The University at Buffalo’s collection is made up of 32 folders containing 461 photographs that pertain to an assortment of topics highlighting Poland’s cultural, historical, technological and industrial advances, especially during the period of communist rule. The University at Buffalo Libraries have digitized these photographs and have attempted to maintain the original order of the series.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;This collection of propaganda photographs portrays selections of Polish culture, meant to show the country in the most advantageous fashion. Series in the collection include photographs of famous professors, actors, and musicians. There are also series featuring important industrial, historical and educational institutions, including bustling, modern cities and relaxing vacation destinations, according to the Polish Ministry of Internal Affairs.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;This collection was created by the &lt;em&gt;Towarzystwo Łączności z Polonią Zagraniczną "Polonia,”&lt;/em&gt; which translates to the &lt;em&gt;Society for Foreign Liaison with Poles, “Polonia.”&lt;/em&gt; This group wanted to establish a relationship between Polish people at home and abroad. The Towarzystwo Łączności z Polonią Zagraniczną "Polonia” and the Ministry of Internal Affairs in communist Poland aimed to give a broad and positive overview of life in Poland for those who emigrated and those with Polish heritage.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The photographs themselves were taken by the &lt;em&gt;Centralna Agencja Fotograficzna&lt;/em&gt; which translates to the &lt;em&gt;Central Photographic Agency&lt;/em&gt;. This agency operated from 1951 to 1991 and released millions of photographs.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Historians have noted that during this time in Poland, there was a “propaganda of success.” This meant “[m]edia reporting bloated domestic economic results and political accomplishments and glowingly described the party leader’s close contacts with foreign heads of state. Never had Poland’s stature in the international community been so great, propaganda repeated” (Taras, 1984, p. 145). This tone of flawless accomplishment appears to have bled into this collection. Many of the photograph descriptions boast Poland’s accomplishments while ignoring serious economic, cultural and societal problems.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p&gt;Works Cited&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Narodowe Archiwum Cyfrowe. (2015). &lt;em&gt;Centralna Agencja Fotograficzna.&lt;/em&gt; Retrieved from &lt;a href="http://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&amp;amp;sl=pl&amp;amp;u=http://www.nac.gov.pl/caf&amp;amp;prev=search"&gt;http://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&amp;amp;sl=pl&amp;amp;u=http://www.nac.gov.pl/caf&amp;amp;prev=search&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Nitschke, B. (December 2012). Działalność towarzystwa łączności z Polonią zagraniczną „Polonia” wobec polskiej emigracji w latach 1955-1970. &lt;em&gt;Annales UMCS, Sectio K (Politologia),&lt;/em&gt; &lt;em&gt;19&lt;/em&gt;(1): 159–185. DOI: 10.2478/v10226-012-0007-9.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Taras, R. (1984). &lt;em&gt;Ideology in a socialist state.&lt;/em&gt; Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.&lt;/p&gt;</text>
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                <text>Oprócz Warszawy, najczęściej odwiedzanym miastem jest Kraków - perła renesansowego budownictwa w Polsce. Na zdj.: słynne Sukiennice- dawne kramy. Wzniesione w XIII w., po pożarze 1555 r. odbudowane w stylu renesansowym. Na 1-szym piętrze znajduje się tam wielka galeria dzieł sztuki ze zbiorami artystów polskich z XVIII w.</text>
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                <text>Apart from Warsaw, the most visited city is Kraków - the pearl of the Renaissance building in Poland. In the photo: famous Sukiennice- old market stalls. Erected in the thirteenth century, after a fire in 1555 rebuilt in Renaissance style. On the 1st floor there is a large gallery of works of art from the collections of Polish artists of the eighteenth century.</text>
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                <text>&lt;a href="https://rightsstatements.org/page/NoC-US/1.0/"&gt;NO COPYRIGHT – UNITED STATES&lt;/a&gt;. The organization that has made the Item available believes that the Item is in the Public Domain under the laws of the United States, but a determination was not made as to its copyright status under the copyright laws of other countries. The Item may not be in the Public Domain under the laws of other countries. Please refer to the organization that has made the Item available for more information.</text>
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                  <text>&lt;p&gt;The Towarzystwo Łączności z Polonią Zagraniczną "Polonia” Collection is an assortment of photographs created by the Ministry of Internal Affairs in communist Poland sent to the United States’ “Polonia,” or, areas or countries with a significant community of Poles outside of Poland. These photographs, most likely sent out in series, date from the 1960s to the early 1970s.  The University at Buffalo’s collection is made up of 32 folders containing 461 photographs that pertain to an assortment of topics highlighting Poland’s cultural, historical, technological and industrial advances, especially during the period of communist rule. The University at Buffalo Libraries have digitized these photographs and have attempted to maintain the original order of the series.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;This collection of propaganda photographs portrays selections of Polish culture, meant to show the country in the most advantageous fashion. Series in the collection include photographs of famous professors, actors, and musicians. There are also series featuring important industrial, historical and educational institutions, including bustling, modern cities and relaxing vacation destinations, according to the Polish Ministry of Internal Affairs.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;This collection was created by the &lt;em&gt;Towarzystwo Łączności z Polonią Zagraniczną "Polonia,”&lt;/em&gt; which translates to the &lt;em&gt;Society for Foreign Liaison with Poles, “Polonia.”&lt;/em&gt; This group wanted to establish a relationship between Polish people at home and abroad. The Towarzystwo Łączności z Polonią Zagraniczną "Polonia” and the Ministry of Internal Affairs in communist Poland aimed to give a broad and positive overview of life in Poland for those who emigrated and those with Polish heritage.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The photographs themselves were taken by the &lt;em&gt;Centralna Agencja Fotograficzna&lt;/em&gt; which translates to the &lt;em&gt;Central Photographic Agency&lt;/em&gt;. This agency operated from 1951 to 1991 and released millions of photographs.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Historians have noted that during this time in Poland, there was a “propaganda of success.” This meant “[m]edia reporting bloated domestic economic results and political accomplishments and glowingly described the party leader’s close contacts with foreign heads of state. Never had Poland’s stature in the international community been so great, propaganda repeated” (Taras, 1984, p. 145). This tone of flawless accomplishment appears to have bled into this collection. Many of the photograph descriptions boast Poland’s accomplishments while ignoring serious economic, cultural and societal problems.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p&gt;Works Cited&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Narodowe Archiwum Cyfrowe. (2015). &lt;em&gt;Centralna Agencja Fotograficzna.&lt;/em&gt; Retrieved from &lt;a href="http://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&amp;amp;sl=pl&amp;amp;u=http://www.nac.gov.pl/caf&amp;amp;prev=search"&gt;http://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&amp;amp;sl=pl&amp;amp;u=http://www.nac.gov.pl/caf&amp;amp;prev=search&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Nitschke, B. (December 2012). Działalność towarzystwa łączności z Polonią zagraniczną „Polonia” wobec polskiej emigracji w latach 1955-1970. &lt;em&gt;Annales UMCS, Sectio K (Politologia),&lt;/em&gt; &lt;em&gt;19&lt;/em&gt;(1): 159–185. DOI: 10.2478/v10226-012-0007-9.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Taras, R. (1984). &lt;em&gt;Ideology in a socialist state.&lt;/em&gt; Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.&lt;/p&gt;</text>
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                <text>Ołtarz Wita Stwosza, jeden z najcenniejszych zabytków sakralnej sztuki
gotyckiej w Europie. W czasie okupacji wywieziony przez Niemców do Norymbergi, powrócił w 1956 r. na dawne miejsce w kościele Mariackim w Krakowie.</text>
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                <text>Altar by Veit Stoss, one of the most valuable monuments of sacred Gothic art in Europe. During the occupation by the Germans it was deported to Nuremberg and returned in 1956 to its former place in St. Mary's Church in Kraków.</text>
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                  <text>&lt;p&gt;The Towarzystwo Łączności z Polonią Zagraniczną "Polonia” Collection is an assortment of photographs created by the Ministry of Internal Affairs in communist Poland sent to the United States’ “Polonia,” or, areas or countries with a significant community of Poles outside of Poland. These photographs, most likely sent out in series, date from the 1960s to the early 1970s.  The University at Buffalo’s collection is made up of 32 folders containing 461 photographs that pertain to an assortment of topics highlighting Poland’s cultural, historical, technological and industrial advances, especially during the period of communist rule. The University at Buffalo Libraries have digitized these photographs and have attempted to maintain the original order of the series.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;This collection of propaganda photographs portrays selections of Polish culture, meant to show the country in the most advantageous fashion. Series in the collection include photographs of famous professors, actors, and musicians. There are also series featuring important industrial, historical and educational institutions, including bustling, modern cities and relaxing vacation destinations, according to the Polish Ministry of Internal Affairs.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;This collection was created by the &lt;em&gt;Towarzystwo Łączności z Polonią Zagraniczną "Polonia,”&lt;/em&gt; which translates to the &lt;em&gt;Society for Foreign Liaison with Poles, “Polonia.”&lt;/em&gt; This group wanted to establish a relationship between Polish people at home and abroad. The Towarzystwo Łączności z Polonią Zagraniczną "Polonia” and the Ministry of Internal Affairs in communist Poland aimed to give a broad and positive overview of life in Poland for those who emigrated and those with Polish heritage.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The photographs themselves were taken by the &lt;em&gt;Centralna Agencja Fotograficzna&lt;/em&gt; which translates to the &lt;em&gt;Central Photographic Agency&lt;/em&gt;. This agency operated from 1951 to 1991 and released millions of photographs.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Historians have noted that during this time in Poland, there was a “propaganda of success.” This meant “[m]edia reporting bloated domestic economic results and political accomplishments and glowingly described the party leader’s close contacts with foreign heads of state. Never had Poland’s stature in the international community been so great, propaganda repeated” (Taras, 1984, p. 145). This tone of flawless accomplishment appears to have bled into this collection. Many of the photograph descriptions boast Poland’s accomplishments while ignoring serious economic, cultural and societal problems.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p&gt;Works Cited&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Narodowe Archiwum Cyfrowe. (2015). &lt;em&gt;Centralna Agencja Fotograficzna.&lt;/em&gt; Retrieved from &lt;a href="http://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&amp;amp;sl=pl&amp;amp;u=http://www.nac.gov.pl/caf&amp;amp;prev=search"&gt;http://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&amp;amp;sl=pl&amp;amp;u=http://www.nac.gov.pl/caf&amp;amp;prev=search&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Nitschke, B. (December 2012). Działalność towarzystwa łączności z Polonią zagraniczną „Polonia” wobec polskiej emigracji w latach 1955-1970. &lt;em&gt;Annales UMCS, Sectio K (Politologia),&lt;/em&gt; &lt;em&gt;19&lt;/em&gt;(1): 159–185. DOI: 10.2478/v10226-012-0007-9.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Taras, R. (1984). &lt;em&gt;Ideology in a socialist state.&lt;/em&gt; Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.&lt;/p&gt;</text>
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                <text>Visiting Poland Today (1971), no. 7</text>
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                <text>Do największych atrakcji turystyczno-krajoznawczych Polski należy bezwątpienia przełom Dunajca. Przeprawa tratwami, wzdłuż ostrych zakretów, wartko płynącej górskiej rzeki, pozostawia niezapomniane wrażenie.</text>
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                <text>The biggest tourist attraction for sightseeing Polish must undoubtedly be Dunajec Gorge. Sailing rafts along the sharp cornering, rapidly flowing mountain river, leaves a lasting impression.</text>
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                <text>Pieniny Mountains</text>
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                  <text>&lt;p&gt;The Towarzystwo Łączności z Polonią Zagraniczną "Polonia” Collection is an assortment of photographs created by the Ministry of Internal Affairs in communist Poland sent to the United States’ “Polonia,” or, areas or countries with a significant community of Poles outside of Poland. These photographs, most likely sent out in series, date from the 1960s to the early 1970s.  The University at Buffalo’s collection is made up of 32 folders containing 461 photographs that pertain to an assortment of topics highlighting Poland’s cultural, historical, technological and industrial advances, especially during the period of communist rule. The University at Buffalo Libraries have digitized these photographs and have attempted to maintain the original order of the series.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;This collection of propaganda photographs portrays selections of Polish culture, meant to show the country in the most advantageous fashion. Series in the collection include photographs of famous professors, actors, and musicians. There are also series featuring important industrial, historical and educational institutions, including bustling, modern cities and relaxing vacation destinations, according to the Polish Ministry of Internal Affairs.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;This collection was created by the &lt;em&gt;Towarzystwo Łączności z Polonią Zagraniczną "Polonia,”&lt;/em&gt; which translates to the &lt;em&gt;Society for Foreign Liaison with Poles, “Polonia.”&lt;/em&gt; This group wanted to establish a relationship between Polish people at home and abroad. The Towarzystwo Łączności z Polonią Zagraniczną "Polonia” and the Ministry of Internal Affairs in communist Poland aimed to give a broad and positive overview of life in Poland for those who emigrated and those with Polish heritage.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The photographs themselves were taken by the &lt;em&gt;Centralna Agencja Fotograficzna&lt;/em&gt; which translates to the &lt;em&gt;Central Photographic Agency&lt;/em&gt;. This agency operated from 1951 to 1991 and released millions of photographs.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Historians have noted that during this time in Poland, there was a “propaganda of success.” This meant “[m]edia reporting bloated domestic economic results and political accomplishments and glowingly described the party leader’s close contacts with foreign heads of state. Never had Poland’s stature in the international community been so great, propaganda repeated” (Taras, 1984, p. 145). This tone of flawless accomplishment appears to have bled into this collection. Many of the photograph descriptions boast Poland’s accomplishments while ignoring serious economic, cultural and societal problems.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p&gt;Works Cited&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Narodowe Archiwum Cyfrowe. (2015). &lt;em&gt;Centralna Agencja Fotograficzna.&lt;/em&gt; Retrieved from &lt;a href="http://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&amp;amp;sl=pl&amp;amp;u=http://www.nac.gov.pl/caf&amp;amp;prev=search"&gt;http://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&amp;amp;sl=pl&amp;amp;u=http://www.nac.gov.pl/caf&amp;amp;prev=search&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Nitschke, B. (December 2012). Działalność towarzystwa łączności z Polonią zagraniczną „Polonia” wobec polskiej emigracji w latach 1955-1970. &lt;em&gt;Annales UMCS, Sectio K (Politologia),&lt;/em&gt; &lt;em&gt;19&lt;/em&gt;(1): 159–185. DOI: 10.2478/v10226-012-0007-9.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Taras, R. (1984). &lt;em&gt;Ideology in a socialist state.&lt;/em&gt; Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.&lt;/p&gt;</text>
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                <text>Visiting Poland Today (1971), no. 8</text>
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                <text>Ruiny dawnego warownego zamku w Ogrodzieńcu na tzw. szlaku orlich gniazd są celem licznych wycieczek krajowych i zagranicznych.</text>
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                <text>The ruins of the old fortified castle in the so-called Ogrodzieńcu. The trail of eagle nests are the target of numerous national and international tours.</text>
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                <text>Zamek ogrodzieniecki (Ogrodzieniec, Województwo Śląskie, Poland) -- Ruins </text>
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                <text> Castles -- Poland </text>
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                  <text>Towarzystwo Łączności z Polonią Zagraniczną "Polonia” Collection</text>
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                  <text>&lt;p&gt;The Towarzystwo Łączności z Polonią Zagraniczną "Polonia” Collection is an assortment of photographs created by the Ministry of Internal Affairs in communist Poland sent to the United States’ “Polonia,” or, areas or countries with a significant community of Poles outside of Poland. These photographs, most likely sent out in series, date from the 1960s to the early 1970s.  The University at Buffalo’s collection is made up of 32 folders containing 461 photographs that pertain to an assortment of topics highlighting Poland’s cultural, historical, technological and industrial advances, especially during the period of communist rule. The University at Buffalo Libraries have digitized these photographs and have attempted to maintain the original order of the series.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;This collection of propaganda photographs portrays selections of Polish culture, meant to show the country in the most advantageous fashion. Series in the collection include photographs of famous professors, actors, and musicians. There are also series featuring important industrial, historical and educational institutions, including bustling, modern cities and relaxing vacation destinations, according to the Polish Ministry of Internal Affairs.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;This collection was created by the &lt;em&gt;Towarzystwo Łączności z Polonią Zagraniczną "Polonia,”&lt;/em&gt; which translates to the &lt;em&gt;Society for Foreign Liaison with Poles, “Polonia.”&lt;/em&gt; This group wanted to establish a relationship between Polish people at home and abroad. The Towarzystwo Łączności z Polonią Zagraniczną "Polonia” and the Ministry of Internal Affairs in communist Poland aimed to give a broad and positive overview of life in Poland for those who emigrated and those with Polish heritage.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The photographs themselves were taken by the &lt;em&gt;Centralna Agencja Fotograficzna&lt;/em&gt; which translates to the &lt;em&gt;Central Photographic Agency&lt;/em&gt;. This agency operated from 1951 to 1991 and released millions of photographs.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Historians have noted that during this time in Poland, there was a “propaganda of success.” This meant “[m]edia reporting bloated domestic economic results and political accomplishments and glowingly described the party leader’s close contacts with foreign heads of state. Never had Poland’s stature in the international community been so great, propaganda repeated” (Taras, 1984, p. 145). This tone of flawless accomplishment appears to have bled into this collection. Many of the photograph descriptions boast Poland’s accomplishments while ignoring serious economic, cultural and societal problems.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p&gt;Works Cited&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Narodowe Archiwum Cyfrowe. (2015). &lt;em&gt;Centralna Agencja Fotograficzna.&lt;/em&gt; Retrieved from &lt;a href="http://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&amp;amp;sl=pl&amp;amp;u=http://www.nac.gov.pl/caf&amp;amp;prev=search"&gt;http://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&amp;amp;sl=pl&amp;amp;u=http://www.nac.gov.pl/caf&amp;amp;prev=search&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Nitschke, B. (December 2012). Działalność towarzystwa łączności z Polonią zagraniczną „Polonia” wobec polskiej emigracji w latach 1955-1970. &lt;em&gt;Annales UMCS, Sectio K (Politologia),&lt;/em&gt; &lt;em&gt;19&lt;/em&gt;(1): 159–185. DOI: 10.2478/v10226-012-0007-9.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Taras, R. (1984). &lt;em&gt;Ideology in a socialist state.&lt;/em&gt; Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.&lt;/p&gt;</text>
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                  <text>Available for use. Source material in the public domain.</text>
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                <text>Visiting Poland Today (1971), no. 9</text>
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                <text>LIB-007_0482</text>
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            <name>Creator</name>
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                <text>Centralna Agencja Fotograficzna</text>
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          <element elementId="41">
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            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                <text>Tatry są najruchliwszym regionem turystycznym Polski. Sezon trwa tu cały rok. Na terenie Tatrzańskiego Parku Narodowego wszystkie elementy przyrody podlegają ścisłej ochronia. Może dlatego właśnie urok tych gór jest niepowtarzalny a niezmącona cywilizacją cisza zachęca do wędrówek i odpoczynku.</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="473116">
                <text>Tatras are the busiest tourist region Polish. The season lasts all year round. In the Tatra National Park, all the elements of nature are strictly protected. Maybe that's why the charm of these mountains is unique and the unbroken silence of civilization encourages walking and relaxing.</text>
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            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="473117">
                <text>Tatra Mountains (Slovakia and Poland) </text>
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                <text> Tourism -- Poland</text>
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            <name>Coverage</name>
            <description>The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant</description>
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                <text>Tatras</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="1936653">
                <text>State University of New York at Buffalo. Polish Collection</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="1941028">
                <text>&lt;a href="https://rightsstatements.org/page/NoC-US/1.0/"&gt;NO COPYRIGHT – UNITED STATES&lt;/a&gt;. The organization that has made the Item available believes that the Item is in the Public Domain under the laws of the United States, but a determination was not made as to its copyright status under the copyright laws of other countries. The Item may not be in the Public Domain under the laws of other countries. Please refer to the organization that has made the Item available for more information.</text>
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                  <text>Towarzystwo Łączności z Polonią Zagraniczną "Polonia” Collection</text>
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                  <text>&lt;p&gt;The Towarzystwo Łączności z Polonią Zagraniczną "Polonia” Collection is an assortment of photographs created by the Ministry of Internal Affairs in communist Poland sent to the United States’ “Polonia,” or, areas or countries with a significant community of Poles outside of Poland. These photographs, most likely sent out in series, date from the 1960s to the early 1970s.  The University at Buffalo’s collection is made up of 32 folders containing 461 photographs that pertain to an assortment of topics highlighting Poland’s cultural, historical, technological and industrial advances, especially during the period of communist rule. The University at Buffalo Libraries have digitized these photographs and have attempted to maintain the original order of the series.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;This collection of propaganda photographs portrays selections of Polish culture, meant to show the country in the most advantageous fashion. Series in the collection include photographs of famous professors, actors, and musicians. There are also series featuring important industrial, historical and educational institutions, including bustling, modern cities and relaxing vacation destinations, according to the Polish Ministry of Internal Affairs.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;This collection was created by the &lt;em&gt;Towarzystwo Łączności z Polonią Zagraniczną "Polonia,”&lt;/em&gt; which translates to the &lt;em&gt;Society for Foreign Liaison with Poles, “Polonia.”&lt;/em&gt; This group wanted to establish a relationship between Polish people at home and abroad. The Towarzystwo Łączności z Polonią Zagraniczną "Polonia” and the Ministry of Internal Affairs in communist Poland aimed to give a broad and positive overview of life in Poland for those who emigrated and those with Polish heritage.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The photographs themselves were taken by the &lt;em&gt;Centralna Agencja Fotograficzna&lt;/em&gt; which translates to the &lt;em&gt;Central Photographic Agency&lt;/em&gt;. This agency operated from 1951 to 1991 and released millions of photographs.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Historians have noted that during this time in Poland, there was a “propaganda of success.” This meant “[m]edia reporting bloated domestic economic results and political accomplishments and glowingly described the party leader’s close contacts with foreign heads of state. Never had Poland’s stature in the international community been so great, propaganda repeated” (Taras, 1984, p. 145). This tone of flawless accomplishment appears to have bled into this collection. Many of the photograph descriptions boast Poland’s accomplishments while ignoring serious economic, cultural and societal problems.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p&gt;Works Cited&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Narodowe Archiwum Cyfrowe. (2015). &lt;em&gt;Centralna Agencja Fotograficzna.&lt;/em&gt; Retrieved from &lt;a href="http://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&amp;amp;sl=pl&amp;amp;u=http://www.nac.gov.pl/caf&amp;amp;prev=search"&gt;http://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&amp;amp;sl=pl&amp;amp;u=http://www.nac.gov.pl/caf&amp;amp;prev=search&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Nitschke, B. (December 2012). Działalność towarzystwa łączności z Polonią zagraniczną „Polonia” wobec polskiej emigracji w latach 1955-1970. &lt;em&gt;Annales UMCS, Sectio K (Politologia),&lt;/em&gt; &lt;em&gt;19&lt;/em&gt;(1): 159–185. DOI: 10.2478/v10226-012-0007-9.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Taras, R. (1984). &lt;em&gt;Ideology in a socialist state.&lt;/em&gt; Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.&lt;/p&gt;</text>
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                <text>Visiting Poland Today (1971), no. 10</text>
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                <text>W wielu regionach Polski pielęgnuje się piękne tradycje miejscowego folkloru. Twórczość artystów ludowych otoczonych ze strony państwa opieką, może najpełniej rozwijać się. Na zdj.: obrazki malowane na szkle, przez Helenę Roj-Gąsiennica z Zakopanego cieszą się dużym powodzeniem.</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="473127">
                <text>In many regions the Polish cherish the beautiful traditions of the local folklore. Works of folk artists surrounded by the state care can most fully develop. In the photo: pictures painted on glass, by Helena Roj - caterpillar wheels of Zakopane are very popular.</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
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                <text> Glass underpainting -- Poland</text>
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                  <text>&lt;p&gt;The Towarzystwo Łączności z Polonią Zagraniczną "Polonia” Collection is an assortment of photographs created by the Ministry of Internal Affairs in communist Poland sent to the United States’ “Polonia,” or, areas or countries with a significant community of Poles outside of Poland. These photographs, most likely sent out in series, date from the 1960s to the early 1970s.  The University at Buffalo’s collection is made up of 32 folders containing 461 photographs that pertain to an assortment of topics highlighting Poland’s cultural, historical, technological and industrial advances, especially during the period of communist rule. The University at Buffalo Libraries have digitized these photographs and have attempted to maintain the original order of the series.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;This collection of propaganda photographs portrays selections of Polish culture, meant to show the country in the most advantageous fashion. Series in the collection include photographs of famous professors, actors, and musicians. There are also series featuring important industrial, historical and educational institutions, including bustling, modern cities and relaxing vacation destinations, according to the Polish Ministry of Internal Affairs.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;This collection was created by the &lt;em&gt;Towarzystwo Łączności z Polonią Zagraniczną "Polonia,”&lt;/em&gt; which translates to the &lt;em&gt;Society for Foreign Liaison with Poles, “Polonia.”&lt;/em&gt; This group wanted to establish a relationship between Polish people at home and abroad. The Towarzystwo Łączności z Polonią Zagraniczną "Polonia” and the Ministry of Internal Affairs in communist Poland aimed to give a broad and positive overview of life in Poland for those who emigrated and those with Polish heritage.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The photographs themselves were taken by the &lt;em&gt;Centralna Agencja Fotograficzna&lt;/em&gt; which translates to the &lt;em&gt;Central Photographic Agency&lt;/em&gt;. This agency operated from 1951 to 1991 and released millions of photographs.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Historians have noted that during this time in Poland, there was a “propaganda of success.” This meant “[m]edia reporting bloated domestic economic results and political accomplishments and glowingly described the party leader’s close contacts with foreign heads of state. Never had Poland’s stature in the international community been so great, propaganda repeated” (Taras, 1984, p. 145). This tone of flawless accomplishment appears to have bled into this collection. Many of the photograph descriptions boast Poland’s accomplishments while ignoring serious economic, cultural and societal problems.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p&gt;Works Cited&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Narodowe Archiwum Cyfrowe. (2015). &lt;em&gt;Centralna Agencja Fotograficzna.&lt;/em&gt; Retrieved from &lt;a href="http://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&amp;amp;sl=pl&amp;amp;u=http://www.nac.gov.pl/caf&amp;amp;prev=search"&gt;http://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&amp;amp;sl=pl&amp;amp;u=http://www.nac.gov.pl/caf&amp;amp;prev=search&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Nitschke, B. (December 2012). Działalność towarzystwa łączności z Polonią zagraniczną „Polonia” wobec polskiej emigracji w latach 1955-1970. &lt;em&gt;Annales UMCS, Sectio K (Politologia),&lt;/em&gt; &lt;em&gt;19&lt;/em&gt;(1): 159–185. DOI: 10.2478/v10226-012-0007-9.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Taras, R. (1984). &lt;em&gt;Ideology in a socialist state.&lt;/em&gt; Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.&lt;/p&gt;</text>
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                <text>Górnictwo węglowe, to jedna z najważniejszych gałęzi przemysłu polskiego.
W ciągu 25 lat zmodernizowana zostały stare kopalnie, wybudowano
wiele nowych. Na zdj.: jedna z najnowszych polskich kopalń ze znacznie zautomatyzowanym procesem wydobycia - "Zofiówka".</text>
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                <text>Coal mining is one of the most important Polish industries. In the 25 years old mines have been modernized, and many new ones built. In the photo: one of the latest Polish mines with automated extraction process - "Zofiówka".</text>
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                <text> Automatic machinery -- Poland</text>
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                <text>&lt;a href="https://rightsstatements.org/page/NoC-US/1.0/"&gt;NO COPYRIGHT – UNITED STATES&lt;/a&gt;. The organization that has made the Item available believes that the Item is in the Public Domain under the laws of the United States, but a determination was not made as to its copyright status under the copyright laws of other countries. The Item may not be in the Public Domain under the laws of other countries. Please refer to the organization that has made the Item available for more information.</text>
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                  <text>&lt;p&gt;The Towarzystwo Łączności z Polonią Zagraniczną "Polonia” Collection is an assortment of photographs created by the Ministry of Internal Affairs in communist Poland sent to the United States’ “Polonia,” or, areas or countries with a significant community of Poles outside of Poland. These photographs, most likely sent out in series, date from the 1960s to the early 1970s.  The University at Buffalo’s collection is made up of 32 folders containing 461 photographs that pertain to an assortment of topics highlighting Poland’s cultural, historical, technological and industrial advances, especially during the period of communist rule. The University at Buffalo Libraries have digitized these photographs and have attempted to maintain the original order of the series.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;This collection of propaganda photographs portrays selections of Polish culture, meant to show the country in the most advantageous fashion. Series in the collection include photographs of famous professors, actors, and musicians. There are also series featuring important industrial, historical and educational institutions, including bustling, modern cities and relaxing vacation destinations, according to the Polish Ministry of Internal Affairs.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;This collection was created by the &lt;em&gt;Towarzystwo Łączności z Polonią Zagraniczną "Polonia,”&lt;/em&gt; which translates to the &lt;em&gt;Society for Foreign Liaison with Poles, “Polonia.”&lt;/em&gt; This group wanted to establish a relationship between Polish people at home and abroad. The Towarzystwo Łączności z Polonią Zagraniczną "Polonia” and the Ministry of Internal Affairs in communist Poland aimed to give a broad and positive overview of life in Poland for those who emigrated and those with Polish heritage.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The photographs themselves were taken by the &lt;em&gt;Centralna Agencja Fotograficzna&lt;/em&gt; which translates to the &lt;em&gt;Central Photographic Agency&lt;/em&gt;. This agency operated from 1951 to 1991 and released millions of photographs.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Historians have noted that during this time in Poland, there was a “propaganda of success.” This meant “[m]edia reporting bloated domestic economic results and political accomplishments and glowingly described the party leader’s close contacts with foreign heads of state. Never had Poland’s stature in the international community been so great, propaganda repeated” (Taras, 1984, p. 145). This tone of flawless accomplishment appears to have bled into this collection. Many of the photograph descriptions boast Poland’s accomplishments while ignoring serious economic, cultural and societal problems.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p&gt;Works Cited&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Narodowe Archiwum Cyfrowe. (2015). &lt;em&gt;Centralna Agencja Fotograficzna.&lt;/em&gt; Retrieved from &lt;a href="http://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&amp;amp;sl=pl&amp;amp;u=http://www.nac.gov.pl/caf&amp;amp;prev=search"&gt;http://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&amp;amp;sl=pl&amp;amp;u=http://www.nac.gov.pl/caf&amp;amp;prev=search&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Nitschke, B. (December 2012). Działalność towarzystwa łączności z Polonią zagraniczną „Polonia” wobec polskiej emigracji w latach 1955-1970. &lt;em&gt;Annales UMCS, Sectio K (Politologia),&lt;/em&gt; &lt;em&gt;19&lt;/em&gt;(1): 159–185. DOI: 10.2478/v10226-012-0007-9.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Taras, R. (1984). &lt;em&gt;Ideology in a socialist state.&lt;/em&gt; Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.&lt;/p&gt;</text>
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                <text>Visiting Poland Today (1971), no. 12</text>
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                <text>Poznan - to nie tylko miasto dorocznych Międzynarodowych Targów Poznanskich, ale także jeden z ważniejszych ośrodków naukowych i kulturalnych
w Polsce. Na zdj.: gmach opery im. Stanisława Moniuszki, jednej z ambitniejszych seen muzycznych w kraju.</text>
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                <text>Poznan - is not only a city of the Poznan International Fair, an annual, but also one of the most important scientific and cultural centers in Poland. In the photo: opera house. Stanislaw Moniuszko, one of the most ambitious musicians seen in the country.</text>
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                  <text>&lt;p&gt;The Towarzystwo Łączności z Polonią Zagraniczną "Polonia” Collection is an assortment of photographs created by the Ministry of Internal Affairs in communist Poland sent to the United States’ “Polonia,” or, areas or countries with a significant community of Poles outside of Poland. These photographs, most likely sent out in series, date from the 1960s to the early 1970s.  The University at Buffalo’s collection is made up of 32 folders containing 461 photographs that pertain to an assortment of topics highlighting Poland’s cultural, historical, technological and industrial advances, especially during the period of communist rule. The University at Buffalo Libraries have digitized these photographs and have attempted to maintain the original order of the series.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;This collection of propaganda photographs portrays selections of Polish culture, meant to show the country in the most advantageous fashion. Series in the collection include photographs of famous professors, actors, and musicians. There are also series featuring important industrial, historical and educational institutions, including bustling, modern cities and relaxing vacation destinations, according to the Polish Ministry of Internal Affairs.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;This collection was created by the &lt;em&gt;Towarzystwo Łączności z Polonią Zagraniczną "Polonia,”&lt;/em&gt; which translates to the &lt;em&gt;Society for Foreign Liaison with Poles, “Polonia.”&lt;/em&gt; This group wanted to establish a relationship between Polish people at home and abroad. The Towarzystwo Łączności z Polonią Zagraniczną "Polonia” and the Ministry of Internal Affairs in communist Poland aimed to give a broad and positive overview of life in Poland for those who emigrated and those with Polish heritage.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The photographs themselves were taken by the &lt;em&gt;Centralna Agencja Fotograficzna&lt;/em&gt; which translates to the &lt;em&gt;Central Photographic Agency&lt;/em&gt;. This agency operated from 1951 to 1991 and released millions of photographs.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Historians have noted that during this time in Poland, there was a “propaganda of success.” This meant “[m]edia reporting bloated domestic economic results and political accomplishments and glowingly described the party leader’s close contacts with foreign heads of state. Never had Poland’s stature in the international community been so great, propaganda repeated” (Taras, 1984, p. 145). This tone of flawless accomplishment appears to have bled into this collection. Many of the photograph descriptions boast Poland’s accomplishments while ignoring serious economic, cultural and societal problems.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p&gt;Works Cited&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Narodowe Archiwum Cyfrowe. (2015). &lt;em&gt;Centralna Agencja Fotograficzna.&lt;/em&gt; Retrieved from &lt;a href="http://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&amp;amp;sl=pl&amp;amp;u=http://www.nac.gov.pl/caf&amp;amp;prev=search"&gt;http://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&amp;amp;sl=pl&amp;amp;u=http://www.nac.gov.pl/caf&amp;amp;prev=search&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Nitschke, B. (December 2012). Działalność towarzystwa łączności z Polonią zagraniczną „Polonia” wobec polskiej emigracji w latach 1955-1970. &lt;em&gt;Annales UMCS, Sectio K (Politologia),&lt;/em&gt; &lt;em&gt;19&lt;/em&gt;(1): 159–185. DOI: 10.2478/v10226-012-0007-9.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Taras, R. (1984). &lt;em&gt;Ideology in a socialist state.&lt;/em&gt; Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.&lt;/p&gt;</text>
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                <text>Już za trzy lata, Polska a wraz z nią  i cały świat obchodzić będzie 500 lecie urodzin jednego z największych uczonych jakich wydała ziemia- Mikołaja Kopernika. Zainteresowanie pamiątkami i miejscem urodzenia słynnego astronoma jest ogromne. Na zdj.: Toruń dom w którym przyszedł na świat Kopernik.</text>
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                <text>In just three years, Poland and with it the whole world will celebrate the 500th anniversary of the birth of one of the greatest scientists which issued a ground-Nicolaus Copernicus. The interest in souvenirs and the birthplace of the famous astronomer is huge. In the photo: Torun house where Copernicus was born.</text>
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                <text>Copernicus, Nicolaus, 1473-1543 </text>
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                <text> Nicolaus Copernicus --  Birthplaces </text>
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                  <text>&lt;p&gt;The Towarzystwo Łączności z Polonią Zagraniczną "Polonia” Collection is an assortment of photographs created by the Ministry of Internal Affairs in communist Poland sent to the United States’ “Polonia,” or, areas or countries with a significant community of Poles outside of Poland. These photographs, most likely sent out in series, date from the 1960s to the early 1970s.  The University at Buffalo’s collection is made up of 32 folders containing 461 photographs that pertain to an assortment of topics highlighting Poland’s cultural, historical, technological and industrial advances, especially during the period of communist rule. The University at Buffalo Libraries have digitized these photographs and have attempted to maintain the original order of the series.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;This collection of propaganda photographs portrays selections of Polish culture, meant to show the country in the most advantageous fashion. Series in the collection include photographs of famous professors, actors, and musicians. There are also series featuring important industrial, historical and educational institutions, including bustling, modern cities and relaxing vacation destinations, according to the Polish Ministry of Internal Affairs.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;This collection was created by the &lt;em&gt;Towarzystwo Łączności z Polonią Zagraniczną "Polonia,”&lt;/em&gt; which translates to the &lt;em&gt;Society for Foreign Liaison with Poles, “Polonia.”&lt;/em&gt; This group wanted to establish a relationship between Polish people at home and abroad. The Towarzystwo Łączności z Polonią Zagraniczną "Polonia” and the Ministry of Internal Affairs in communist Poland aimed to give a broad and positive overview of life in Poland for those who emigrated and those with Polish heritage.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The photographs themselves were taken by the &lt;em&gt;Centralna Agencja Fotograficzna&lt;/em&gt; which translates to the &lt;em&gt;Central Photographic Agency&lt;/em&gt;. This agency operated from 1951 to 1991 and released millions of photographs.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Historians have noted that during this time in Poland, there was a “propaganda of success.” This meant “[m]edia reporting bloated domestic economic results and political accomplishments and glowingly described the party leader’s close contacts with foreign heads of state. Never had Poland’s stature in the international community been so great, propaganda repeated” (Taras, 1984, p. 145). This tone of flawless accomplishment appears to have bled into this collection. Many of the photograph descriptions boast Poland’s accomplishments while ignoring serious economic, cultural and societal problems.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p&gt;Works Cited&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Narodowe Archiwum Cyfrowe. (2015). &lt;em&gt;Centralna Agencja Fotograficzna.&lt;/em&gt; Retrieved from &lt;a href="http://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&amp;amp;sl=pl&amp;amp;u=http://www.nac.gov.pl/caf&amp;amp;prev=search"&gt;http://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&amp;amp;sl=pl&amp;amp;u=http://www.nac.gov.pl/caf&amp;amp;prev=search&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Nitschke, B. (December 2012). Działalność towarzystwa łączności z Polonią zagraniczną „Polonia” wobec polskiej emigracji w latach 1955-1970. &lt;em&gt;Annales UMCS, Sectio K (Politologia),&lt;/em&gt; &lt;em&gt;19&lt;/em&gt;(1): 159–185. DOI: 10.2478/v10226-012-0007-9.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Taras, R. (1984). &lt;em&gt;Ideology in a socialist state.&lt;/em&gt; Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.&lt;/p&gt;</text>
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                <text>Visiting Poland Today (1971), no. 14</text>
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                <text>Jednym z ciekawszych regionów turystyczno-wypoczynkowych jest w Polsce Pojezierze Mazurskie. Prawdziwy raj dla wędkarzy i amatorów sportów wodnych.</text>
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                <text>One of the most interesting regions of tourist resorts in Poland Mazury Lake District. A true paradise for anglers and water sports enthusiasts.</text>
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                <text> Water sports -- Poland </text>
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                <text>Mazury Lake District</text>
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                <text>State University of New York at Buffalo. Polish Collection</text>
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                  <text>&lt;p&gt;The Towarzystwo Łączności z Polonią Zagraniczną "Polonia” Collection is an assortment of photographs created by the Ministry of Internal Affairs in communist Poland sent to the United States’ “Polonia,” or, areas or countries with a significant community of Poles outside of Poland. These photographs, most likely sent out in series, date from the 1960s to the early 1970s.  The University at Buffalo’s collection is made up of 32 folders containing 461 photographs that pertain to an assortment of topics highlighting Poland’s cultural, historical, technological and industrial advances, especially during the period of communist rule. The University at Buffalo Libraries have digitized these photographs and have attempted to maintain the original order of the series.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;This collection of propaganda photographs portrays selections of Polish culture, meant to show the country in the most advantageous fashion. Series in the collection include photographs of famous professors, actors, and musicians. There are also series featuring important industrial, historical and educational institutions, including bustling, modern cities and relaxing vacation destinations, according to the Polish Ministry of Internal Affairs.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;This collection was created by the &lt;em&gt;Towarzystwo Łączności z Polonią Zagraniczną "Polonia,”&lt;/em&gt; which translates to the &lt;em&gt;Society for Foreign Liaison with Poles, “Polonia.”&lt;/em&gt; This group wanted to establish a relationship between Polish people at home and abroad. The Towarzystwo Łączności z Polonią Zagraniczną "Polonia” and the Ministry of Internal Affairs in communist Poland aimed to give a broad and positive overview of life in Poland for those who emigrated and those with Polish heritage.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The photographs themselves were taken by the &lt;em&gt;Centralna Agencja Fotograficzna&lt;/em&gt; which translates to the &lt;em&gt;Central Photographic Agency&lt;/em&gt;. This agency operated from 1951 to 1991 and released millions of photographs.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Historians have noted that during this time in Poland, there was a “propaganda of success.” This meant “[m]edia reporting bloated domestic economic results and political accomplishments and glowingly described the party leader’s close contacts with foreign heads of state. Never had Poland’s stature in the international community been so great, propaganda repeated” (Taras, 1984, p. 145). This tone of flawless accomplishment appears to have bled into this collection. Many of the photograph descriptions boast Poland’s accomplishments while ignoring serious economic, cultural and societal problems.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p&gt;Works Cited&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Narodowe Archiwum Cyfrowe. (2015). &lt;em&gt;Centralna Agencja Fotograficzna.&lt;/em&gt; Retrieved from &lt;a href="http://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&amp;amp;sl=pl&amp;amp;u=http://www.nac.gov.pl/caf&amp;amp;prev=search"&gt;http://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&amp;amp;sl=pl&amp;amp;u=http://www.nac.gov.pl/caf&amp;amp;prev=search&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Nitschke, B. (December 2012). Działalność towarzystwa łączności z Polonią zagraniczną „Polonia” wobec polskiej emigracji w latach 1955-1970. &lt;em&gt;Annales UMCS, Sectio K (Politologia),&lt;/em&gt; &lt;em&gt;19&lt;/em&gt;(1): 159–185. DOI: 10.2478/v10226-012-0007-9.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Taras, R. (1984). &lt;em&gt;Ideology in a socialist state.&lt;/em&gt; Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.&lt;/p&gt;</text>
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                  <text>LIB-007</text>
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                  <text>Available for use. Source material in the public domain.</text>
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      <name>Still Image</name>
      <description>A static visual representation. Examples of still images are: paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps.  Recommended best practice is to assign the type "text" to images of textual materials.</description>
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                <text>Visiting Poland Today (1971), no. 15</text>
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                <text>LIB-007_0488</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="1935765">
                <text>LIB-007_0488a.jpg</text>
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            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
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                <text>Centralna Agencja Fotograficzna</text>
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          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                <text>Przemysł stoczniowy stał się po wojnie polskim przemysłem narodowym.
Specjalizujemy się w budowie rudowęglowców, drobnicowców i statków rybackich (2 miejsce w świecie po Japonii. Jako producent zajmujemy 9 miejsce w świecie, a jako eksporter jednostek pływających 7 miejsce. Na zdj.: wodowanie kolejnego statku w Stoczni im. Adolfa Warskiego w Szczecinie.</text>
              </elementText>
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                <text>The shipbuilding industry after the war became a Polish national industry. We specialize in building colliers, general cargo and fishing vessels (2nd place in the world after Japan. As a manufacturer, we ranked 9th in the world, and as an exporter of vessels 7th place. Pictured: launching another ship in the shipyard them. Adolf Warski in Szczecin.</text>
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            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
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                <text>Ships -- Poland -- Szczecin  </text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="473181">
                <text> Harbors -- Poland -- Szczecin </text>
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            <name>Coverage</name>
            <description>The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant</description>
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                <text>Szczecin</text>
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            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
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                <text>State University of New York at Buffalo. University Libraries</text>
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            <name>Format</name>
            <description>The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource</description>
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                <text>image/jpeg</text>
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            <name>Language</name>
            <description>A language of the resource</description>
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                <text>pol</text>
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            <description>A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included.</description>
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                <text>Towarzystwo Łączności z Polonią Zagraniczną "Polonia” Collection. LIB-007</text>
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            <name>Source</name>
            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="1936647">
                <text>State University of New York at Buffalo. Polish Collection</text>
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            <description>The nature or genre of the resource</description>
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                <text>Image</text>
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            <name>Rights</name>
            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="1941022">
                <text>&lt;a href="https://rightsstatements.org/page/NoC-US/1.0/"&gt;NO COPYRIGHT – UNITED STATES&lt;/a&gt;. The organization that has made the Item available believes that the Item is in the Public Domain under the laws of the United States, but a determination was not made as to its copyright status under the copyright laws of other countries. The Item may not be in the Public Domain under the laws of other countries. Please refer to the organization that has made the Item available for more information.</text>
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          <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
          <elementContainer>
            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                <elementText elementTextId="465089">
                  <text>Towarzystwo Łączności z Polonią Zagraniczną "Polonia” Collection</text>
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                  <text>&lt;p&gt;The Towarzystwo Łączności z Polonią Zagraniczną "Polonia” Collection is an assortment of photographs created by the Ministry of Internal Affairs in communist Poland sent to the United States’ “Polonia,” or, areas or countries with a significant community of Poles outside of Poland. These photographs, most likely sent out in series, date from the 1960s to the early 1970s.  The University at Buffalo’s collection is made up of 32 folders containing 461 photographs that pertain to an assortment of topics highlighting Poland’s cultural, historical, technological and industrial advances, especially during the period of communist rule. The University at Buffalo Libraries have digitized these photographs and have attempted to maintain the original order of the series.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;This collection of propaganda photographs portrays selections of Polish culture, meant to show the country in the most advantageous fashion. Series in the collection include photographs of famous professors, actors, and musicians. There are also series featuring important industrial, historical and educational institutions, including bustling, modern cities and relaxing vacation destinations, according to the Polish Ministry of Internal Affairs.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;This collection was created by the &lt;em&gt;Towarzystwo Łączności z Polonią Zagraniczną "Polonia,”&lt;/em&gt; which translates to the &lt;em&gt;Society for Foreign Liaison with Poles, “Polonia.”&lt;/em&gt; This group wanted to establish a relationship between Polish people at home and abroad. The Towarzystwo Łączności z Polonią Zagraniczną "Polonia” and the Ministry of Internal Affairs in communist Poland aimed to give a broad and positive overview of life in Poland for those who emigrated and those with Polish heritage.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The photographs themselves were taken by the &lt;em&gt;Centralna Agencja Fotograficzna&lt;/em&gt; which translates to the &lt;em&gt;Central Photographic Agency&lt;/em&gt;. This agency operated from 1951 to 1991 and released millions of photographs.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Historians have noted that during this time in Poland, there was a “propaganda of success.” This meant “[m]edia reporting bloated domestic economic results and political accomplishments and glowingly described the party leader’s close contacts with foreign heads of state. Never had Poland’s stature in the international community been so great, propaganda repeated” (Taras, 1984, p. 145). This tone of flawless accomplishment appears to have bled into this collection. Many of the photograph descriptions boast Poland’s accomplishments while ignoring serious economic, cultural and societal problems.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p&gt;Works Cited&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Narodowe Archiwum Cyfrowe. (2015). &lt;em&gt;Centralna Agencja Fotograficzna.&lt;/em&gt; Retrieved from &lt;a href="http://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&amp;amp;sl=pl&amp;amp;u=http://www.nac.gov.pl/caf&amp;amp;prev=search"&gt;http://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&amp;amp;sl=pl&amp;amp;u=http://www.nac.gov.pl/caf&amp;amp;prev=search&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Nitschke, B. (December 2012). Działalność towarzystwa łączności z Polonią zagraniczną „Polonia” wobec polskiej emigracji w latach 1955-1970. &lt;em&gt;Annales UMCS, Sectio K (Politologia),&lt;/em&gt; &lt;em&gt;19&lt;/em&gt;(1): 159–185. DOI: 10.2478/v10226-012-0007-9.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Taras, R. (1984). &lt;em&gt;Ideology in a socialist state.&lt;/em&gt; Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.&lt;/p&gt;</text>
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                  <text>LIB-007</text>
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              <name>Rights</name>
              <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
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                  <text>Available for use. Source material in the public domain.</text>
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      <description>A static visual representation. Examples of still images are: paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps.  Recommended best practice is to assign the type "text" to images of textual materials.</description>
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          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="473186">
                <text>Visiting Poland Today (1971), no. 16</text>
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            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
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                <text>LIB-007_0492</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="1935764">
                <text>LIB-007_0492a.jpg</text>
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          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="473188">
                <text>Centralna Agencja Fotograficzna</text>
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            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                <text>Polska jest znanym eksporterem koni ras szlachetnych. Wierzchowce z naszych stadnin znane są na torach wyścigowych na całym świecie. Na zdj.: poranny galop ogierów w stadninie w Janowie Podlaskim.</text>
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                <text>Poland is a well known exporter of noble breed of horses. Mounts of our studs are known on racetracks around the world. In the photo: morning gallop stallions at stud at Janow Podlaski.</text>
              </elementText>
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            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="473191">
                <text>Horses -- Poland </text>
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                <text> Stallions -- Poland </text>
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                <text> Galloping -- Horses </text>
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            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="1934442">
                <text>State University of New York at Buffalo. University Libraries</text>
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            <description>The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource</description>
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                <text>image/jpeg</text>
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            <name>Language</name>
            <description>A language of the resource</description>
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                <text>pol</text>
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            <description>A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included.</description>
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                <text>Towarzystwo Łączności z Polonią Zagraniczną "Polonia” Collection. LIB-007</text>
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            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="1936646">
                <text>State University of New York at Buffalo. Polish Collection</text>
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            <description>The nature or genre of the resource</description>
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                <text>Image</text>
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            </elementTextContainer>
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            <name>Rights</name>
            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="1941021">
                <text>&lt;a href="https://rightsstatements.org/page/NoC-US/1.0/"&gt;NO COPYRIGHT – UNITED STATES&lt;/a&gt;. The organization that has made the Item available believes that the Item is in the Public Domain under the laws of the United States, but a determination was not made as to its copyright status under the copyright laws of other countries. The Item may not be in the Public Domain under the laws of other countries. Please refer to the organization that has made the Item available for more information.</text>
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                  <text>The Work of a Country Doctor: Digitized Notebooks, Photographs, and Ephemera of Doctor Homer T. Jackson, M.D.</text>
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                  <text>In 2013, the Robert L. Brown History of Medicine Collection, located within the University at Buffalo's (UB) Health Sciences Library, acquired the collection of Dr. Homer T. Jackson (1846-1926), an upstate New York physician and UB alumnus who practiced medicine in the rural village of Verona, NY during the late 19th century. The collection includes medical instruments and equipment, personal items, handwritten notebooks, photographs and postcards.&#13;
&#13;
Thanks to a grant from the Middle Atlantic Region of the&#13;
National Network of Libraries of Medicine (NN/LM), Dr. Jackson's medical treatments and procedures, pharmacologic formularies, UB medical school class notes, and his notes and reactions to professional literature have been digitized and added to the University Libraries' Digital Collections.</text>
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                  <text>Jackson, Homer Truman, M.D.</text>
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                  <text>Kenneth Feltch. M.D.</text>
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                  <text>R.L.Brown History of Medicine Collection, Health Sciences Library, University at Buffalo</text>
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                  <text>Available for use. Source material in the public domain. Please properly cite the source if you use any materials from this collection.</text>
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                <text>Jackson, Homer Truman, M.D.</text>
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                <text>Kenneth Feltch. M.D.</text>
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                <text>R.L.Brown History of Medicine Collection, Health Sciences Library, University at Buffalo</text>
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                <text>&lt;a href="https://rightsstatements.org/page/NoC-US/1.0/"&gt;NO COPYRIGHT – UNITED STATES&lt;/a&gt;. The organization that has made the Item available believes that the Item is in the Public Domain under the laws of the United States, but a determination was not made as to its copyright status under the copyright laws of other countries. The Item may not be in the Public Domain under the laws of other countries. Please refer to the organization that has made the Item available for more information. Contact the &lt;a href=https://library.buffalo.edu/historyofmedicine&gt;History of Medicine Collection&lt;/a&gt; with questions.</text>
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BY W. H. GRAVES,
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Treatmeut of Varicose Seers.
by
the °auSr- ^Thp^*^ advocated
,
Placed on an incliiwi
bmb is .
of 45 degrees wi+n iu P ane at an angle

knee should uoTk

horizontal. The

The
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®ela^"Ko j

and covered

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application of ;

?ni PTOoxiiSs'StSft'Sf f
bandage is^ Jiowevf®
tions are next applied

*«•»" •'

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citely after. Suitahlo

immedi-

is then dressed. An pP.
W'lth advantage be

^bich
stocking may

after the procedure Si

walk at once

patient may IL^l

The object of the trent™

.•V"

[-a • -

L'. ^

. •.'

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by compression, the d^k+^T

venules and the lymnhUde capillaries,

accumulated
of1
freer
arterial Cds^S^bb&amp;sXw to r-^^'cis
i°p
wh.„„ p..,.,

•.•r?

whence healing df'+!,„•' :.T„'""l.'''®anc«,

favored. R^ent thromboses S

'®

!&gt;cate the method wl "i'course,
contraindicateThe^meThoc?
'ccrse
mation has dislppSed Not""^®

the
results obtained with ^h
^cre
in the treatment of varicosp'^iir'"^®'^®'^"''®

good, but
the
?.l
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«V""'
uut
the method
method
was also
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4^
was
th advantage
m
eczema
of U used
uBea

otephan. (Medizmische
Klmihnke
- origin. .
^iviemzmische Klinik.)—i

iy Cyclop, and Medical Bulletin.
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jATTACKING THE TAPEW"'
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5S'' ^*1'
JilbCWiiL-ii; 111
iiiio icj"^
Elsewhere
in this
issue ••. '

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I1IC41W

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(AtttiA

^

tile oleoresin of tiiis drug 's ^

^ V,^ ^-yo

as a most eifective weapon W ^^,111-

attacking the tapeworm. J" fern
hlc Elastic Capsule of Jk
iii^ . 'f .
Kamala it is acceptable
fr^^^
ivamaia

- ht^

it

-'o

A

tide on male-fern
or aspiclnim, j is
• _ _r .I.;„ a,„&lt;T IS re"^' . iH
LIVt^^

^3 C-O

c. 'yryrO.'e^ ./o ^/v&lt;

awv-i-..-

.•.xacting patients.

I he

, j„ i"..

four to six capsules, rep

\vo'' ' |.,|, :

an hour. If, pecclia"cc. first J, ,
not completely c-^P'^" f [cd i"

treatment should be

&lt;1^

'appear' tlin

days,
days, or
or earlier
earner if
u sectio

I

^ jn^''||.

Ct^

ices'.
feces.
Should
bliouia sections Pg„ c.-- ecpatient after a worm ba^ „.at »,„• VVv^

^

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/i.

» entire
Lnire itit indicates,
inuicaieb, of c^ ^^,3,111
&gt;&lt;V J ond worm is prcscn , • ^^,0. ,vi''

^be repeated in a weekJ' pjoyed
' The oleoresin is a
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irv-

mllla.Oleoresin Wa'^
jlale-fern p.
fP'(Pcod'^''
i c

Fi. Ext. Kamala (
^,5
Croton Oil, m.
Sd- .,ionS "'

Castor Oil, q- ®

A ,5

r-.Vr.
Give

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a saline purs
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i.ntirs ,
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later 1"; ,re,
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tif® paS®,'!
saii"&gt;=

thirty-s'^.

first portion

V

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adm" . iv".,;

portion

V3 I CA..^-OlAr-

tr }?'

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POPULAR ASTHMA REMEDIES

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LVIS Lobeliae Compositus

PuLvis Str.\moni Co.mpositus

Asthma Powde

Sir James Sawyer's Asthma Powder

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12 Gm.

Lobelia

Ni25 Gm.
0.1 mil

Mix

6Gm.
6Gm.

Tea Leaves

Oil of Eucalyptus

1 mil

Potassium Nitrate

26 Gm.

3 s-

Mix the oil with the vegetable

powders, then add the powdered salt
peter.

About half a teaspoonful of this
powder is pressed by the fingers into
the shape of a cone, which is then

^ Lobelia """"od's Style

1

lighted at the top. The patient in
\:¥.

Pqk...

Leaves

hales the fumes as the powder bums.

This powder is used several times
daily, as may be necessary for

Nitrate

Asth^ ^^orongi

°'' fine pow-

Cl'"' Lo
mixed.
ful
one^rj "sed by burnthereh'"Laling th

' ^^ickfyy Ik'
obtained.

teaspoon-

Relief

asthma.
*

Elixir Antiasthm.aticus, Hare
Dr. Hare's Asthma Elixir

kr

^
V.

^ ^&lt;r
'^'L^ lUy-

30mils
?

A favorite remedy of Prof. Hare,

I

a d 8 Gm.

Improved

The

^ ^su, ^Le

that
^ , ^laims
'"gredients

3

t I •,.

of Philadelphia, for asthma. Used
largely in some sections of the United
States.

^ (?rf£, J.^
J2y/a-

'''

To make

Ponder.

f^rtcZ. S^
\

cient quantity.

^Lhe^'^ered p

xL^/

2 mils

0.25 mil

Aromatic Elixir, a suffi

60 Gm.
/2-/12- ''A-.'

:.;: &lt;•

J-S-'' -

VII

Spirit Nitroglycerin

tr&gt;fe Leaves
^'v"'»' Acr"™ Ni-

z.

I

"^1

Tincture Lobelia, U. S. P-

L&lt;2 s&gt;
^J^'nonium

J

51 Sodium Bromide

Sodium Iodide, of each..; 1 Gm.
Fluidext. Pilulifera, N. F. L5 mils

^vder.. , en ^lackenzie

i|

•

addition

of

Fluidextract

!•.;• .1

Glycyrrhiza 0.6 mil to the above,

greatly improves the taste of the
elixir.

i-u"/

(See page 14 for Special Dispensing Off(

i .

,. i-

A

in- ^k -lk

\
ss,

' cV

o

.

ij

X-_^!

I,

j -

'?' Zh,/ —v"

V

is

/tTtOT^t^
CCcJ^

cM &lt;-

^iq6t.

•

it Z/cazZZi

-r

T-^'

r-six:^

&lt;Rj

_

&lt;rs

7f -

iCtr •
_
Cr-C^!|

*3" o—cj, (J^o-'C.-®—ii

jr^n \^ 3- ^

*4

cia!a^ c^vko^ &lt;r ^ ' iT I.

CVt-^ '•!

f 7/

fo •)-

^
6^"^—• 1

s/rA

�'/60
C-

M

bern

JaM^h

*

Ci^

X

y /

Plusfi^iiBrCTTE:
—vji

I

^

®"®e®sts that the normal
average systolic pressure for

a

cram

-

t o sirciwi —

I'"-

—

unscrewed the top of a caps"!'*

advancing on tip-toe, dust«i
grains of quinine on the sarh"^

5

^ iij fu C C^tic^

the darkeys tongue. Pre^'f'l*

n^le at the age of twenty be co ^ "sgro sucked his tongue back"^
«-&gt;' ou».K.cu

sidered 120 mm. and that V

addmonal two years of
millimetre be added. Tak „ T

figures thus
%"'.sU,„,ol&gt;,a,;e7
Jf"? 'the

age may be reearnT
sible.

®
as pemjis,

Fisher gives the fniu •

of average systolic nr
the different age perio?
^.variation of about 2

direction:

Average

120

2°-24 years
25-29 years
30-34

• 122

years .

'^

35-39 years

tongue

^istah," he said to the

(

"Nope."

Well, then, kin yo'' tell
--- me
'rin fin' me a doctah right a* '

"Powerful sick."

'Do you know what's
WiA you?

"Suttin'ly I knows wut®

.,
de&lt;^^

With me-mah gall's busted'
»ib-

• 123

ered A negro man enterc"
«ore
-•&gt;' of
vex a
&lt;t small
small Ohio ^31'

• 124

plained to the storekeepe'"

11

^

had purchased there

126

years

128

5°-54 years

130

sisted the storekeeper.

.^515''° |

55-59 years

132

other. "Dat ham's sp""® tidV'

No, it ain't, boss,

Mi'iQ

5'ears and

••••

134

over.

135

r/fnferesfe oyr
'riling:^ "^f/oorse//

136

before had proved not to
"Phe ham is all rig

&lt;«TT

,

u

"

* "

} v-&gt; ,
:U-

y/0 "*•

Wow can that be,

&gt;

storekeeper, "when it
lacx ...
, ...
last
Week?

J

iHfri

Joe reflected soleminly

and then sug,gested '•
,^
"Maybe it's done h®

OuX

f&gt;*r* »o/
''

"I'm sick."
Now sick.'"

'^°-44 years

years ..\'

/% MUrC

wildly.

ttf.

for

^ ""i- to each

Age periods
f^-19 years

nis

L?
. . |,,
uis
mouth and instantly be
.
a start and looked ^ 1

#

ft7/

. Mf-

P'- vll#

, „

Pirst Nurse.—Wb/ ' ? ./
0 grouchy this morP'^® j d' /

Second Nurse.-He

hat while he was ^ . ^,p
VI.

J."i

"" '1. $6.00

J1

M,

said he had

stocks this week.

tb^J

^,0^ [

®^®'ng to charge hi'if
operation.

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-&lt;*•

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•*&lt;?'iS'o tCn

ZI^

ftt«».

&lt;=loth't in® °unco ,

\r- /t-'i'^^

v^..

i-

T

fe

»°llowmg proand dis-

•uics

wel^aii'ee^'eaei:'
^Qfi- ^
Wpi

etc!,

tu ui^r-.

Aeas,

an

it

the

leav5°t wirip

f
/py tf^r-

f

^b +k
n^oli^
4Klo
the fac|®L®°^t:on,
Heck,

•'^'

ears

Sa.Sa^=^felSac\®
d,^dcipp^esid^''°?thn-sty
'"Ml,"
4®
thp^i^ine-it

of the

•S^^l (Ker:!^'^'^
Of

J

vTO-

cLa^

r-'";'

7

�7 yV

IJ-f-diir

rJj
# J ^

/Wy.i2:L ^
J ^ ^

^

^

m m^

'7^

M

t ^'

T&lt;r-CZ^ ^Xa-v-

\

.?&gt;-»o-e-^^y^— y

Notes
"TtLw

=„j

i^Z-y/^

7'^'t /!

zL^,..:p:Tr

,'h a

void the formation of new toxins or
)„

••

and

,

""- iJJiieni, tne se-

anlf'°f time tl^

i

lesions, the

dl '"^••'i„\P^
lans K
has been
ill,'
d-sease
by thepatient
virulence
of the:
pp 1virulence
'a P^t'cular
epidemic.

-. ^.^nt enr'";

&lt;'/

.'.orestall their effects, we must be lessen

ing the probability of the occurrence of
complications.

The location of the disease process
and its extent, the virulence of the in

fection, the patient's general condition,

^.mall.

do'e'sf" ^''^'Veneralf"'f'- ^'Psiven
.btl'eri;^ir.

ar„.
ar trip
..
J
sm""i'r"y
- accol'®''too
'bphu,'' b the n '

and the duration of the illness must all

be considered in arriving at a conclusion

used is eiven is-

as to what a correct dose of antitoxin is

should be t

p: . beria
r. . ""^tttralization
/ S'' Sivin'
r^'a toxin"v-l^^bzation

of all df
tJ
I \Vlfl-&gt;I^ ^1
certv
" ^''e .body
and. tltl:•
for IK °t aa certn''
body and

:5^-

:era„j^ farther ,, '"
'^ed®
Tl,r at ^fesl,
the f„ t

.I?^j«ct
"Ject

THE PROPER DOSE AXD ITS INDIC.ATIONS.

of antitor';
^be that
body may
in cot*

the fnr, """t® that m;

Tlir

in every particular instance.

U^ie^don.

in ..

iniection.

The following indi-ates just what
mean by large doses, and what doses
am accustomed to give t

*

No case of diphtheria, however mil
should receive less than 10,000 units.
Both tonsils well covered with ex

"^"traliyV.'i^t' is the rapid t

this'"V a sintji' '°n of the diphtlu

'^td^^Possi
'ttssibief

vrP^^ of antitoxiif,

date, of one or two davs' duration, frc

S'ven
• '^f°st cases
\ -•' im'^^'^'f• bv
teases of
of ddij

30,000 to 60,000 units.

P.^toiis'doses
.Ptesent
methods
" Hi'^aniria'
„'^Parisp.,
of serum-sn
safp^tison
serum—srt

^ave'r^benS'^
''Of

aose
••V°
thb tacl

^/lI

which „

volved,

Sive'^^nr ^'^'by not make :
"" amount""V

X''T^C'-T^
the

Both tonsils well covered with ex
date, with palate, uvula and nose i

an

"^bon w,,°, /"''toxiii tl

Nasal cases, with marked svmptoms

and t r accomplisb

toxemia, from 50,000 to 150,000 units

^'abe'^stem^'tcess ^^'at Possibly tin

invt°'ated^
toto J^ombat
eoi""'''°^bi
./ttes
a? T.
toxins stilllaS•

un^^^^S^Jal cases, from 30,000 to 45,(

disenL "^tising
n'^a 1 ^Qse
process.

varieties should mean a correspond'

Che'ri'^.' diL "Po gj,,^ "— i"xins la;. i;

tooa la^a&amp;- th

a ^

^

uCf

r

„

delay
To gi'

increase in dosage.

To

One practical advantage of sin
oa^^a
of
pain andT"T
discomfort avoidance
of frequentlv

no harm a,

'

peated smaller dosage.

*"
O,"?'®-'! derived
H.., " '""'™ ""SK.
t^-se3
Patw.
Of
t.;
"^ough
ti? °ni so-calb:
ttiei,. "t
"'."U
totv,..t
is ^ins
3arl —"UJia
X-aP'd nneutral
Ufli.. are thro„f„i.i
Xi'

i,

1^

Laryngeal in combination with otl

by ^ tlose too sm

tn '""^'Stiard '

7"^

UNTOWARD EFFECTS

r-s'^boi b'dly en'" "treefold
%,/''^0vL

min

"te diseas.

It has been shown tliL
not due to the L t

^^Qre^Pbtoxi"'
^. of even moderal
^'n is

.

[|

/

I

:

tes.
th„ '• resiiii. !PPlications. witl'ii
syj®s^t°h
^be
I' f^sulton(B ti/"'^
^^'tlf
;
nearr'""® oStr"^.^'"°™
if S t beaS'na
tb}
iP • ^'an^ • kidne" :'^l,^nal striic]:

serum is very rare an'd

:iori

By over
over
r. pp '"^escences
rudescences art
an

Ptio„ ^ur.

.A

-;'&lt;nc on/^
A

ft

f&gt;

kr.,T^" ^S^^WtiLSn.

.r. ., .

0\

1° "" "'X'alont'" ""

aiuphylactic shockTs Iwre'SJl'''"''^'

f^n-e "-.ati

b-

^

KbabT'b®
dose^
„ tol-'^'tge
oxin„
__^oses.
• evto
"• to o.
'Ps, rpo°
?•

tl. "n
'

of three davs' duration

thereafter, from 150,000 to 300,000 uni
Nasal cases, simple, 20,000 units.

Local sloughiuET ft

®

-n 'f

avoided by f„„h„ coacSLuoV"'
:

!

summary op RESULTS

S»«..be,.„„

'y

KT. v.; ^

}iv"^ d

i f^ii

I

mem-

y

•

no year double

l~^

J jjX?C

o^\
,• "

/i&gt;

•sodatfe iti, hiPhnte et, n^T^fnP tneas-

yvvittxr:^

son—

jLH^f

w

IWLS^^-

^«^oes and

cai tinii ^uiJ^tct ri9ther T a®vere or

T-Ij
I

-S.
l/-

nt^tli Sanladin- a'ndminKn
d bnrgation yith
wfth
with

b6st'&lt;;?lla^
ido?' etc "iLocal
a^t-ation
of
•bat
t t'Sf^h?^i:^Sde\^- eUntteojaciudgO.
or topt
topi.Locaror
i.ail ^PlUe
Tur hyfi„„bicarbonate
'ohii-aTU
bydroat^arbonate of
of
Suu tglt^ riovaj.®ari peroxide,
: ^ Oh « or aottobenzcl, or
%n^, her ioh Of ^5'.ttrg "with a

L

i^crc-

/y

�/oPj

• C^

./

7\x

/i//^

(P..

-r /

dilTrlLa°that^ vaccine trea'
i
occ.

be mentioned.

CO,

'^Ccy^-e-r'

ap/j

u^-

Cou c/
r

cO i-T

/

•'

•

&lt;

0^ Tr- r/ JUt^
i'

rJiac'es a ,-t

"^"'^^fnie. jn

our remiio V. ,

iF-), Which can be"'

number of

I'njectioi, of 003 ^

^

succession

'•ecq

^

• ^'"Pb
a n'

°b bemont,'" ^ w the

^ J Enietine in the'T'"''

4

' ""^ goitre,
in ^.^'^fnent
of.;j
Jaerly
administered"^'
'Pecao'

oiployed
ophthal-

^7°"ble
Feb. 4, 1914.results

^s for-

„ FPuitrin

in

"^""optysis.- -E.

ivlpAij^:..

that •

'"e'al
^rcssjl
the

Rist,

H
II-

Treatll

Ram An -, "^cd'

of W-"'P'red by the

24, ]^

• 'Sixers, he ft.; j

tions of
tiOns

tL°f

fa;

.,„„s-js:-i'f-

flii

several

^dicale^

est discomfort

that I fairas,'•

tried

extract °r'.'l^'-avend

y f is

/^'Ctit to'®- 2000 Unite °'''^Rnary cases oj

'"'^'''fint^ "-

SmTdo SSTback i'P;jS
r-ss;/£h«-fr&gt;5
have any nprm
mi nffccti t ,el'

.!?«' a cure" '* '""O'l "IT-

period
within "a
'°&lt;1 after'ti^'^^"
after ,£
,
°nset of the
•• asee'.-'°"':bours. m mild.
ii: a Iniiu'
tu'^cesa...c,U....."«r,e,,ib.
locr ^^tely _r.
patient is
vf

twem 7

the t

Jw
t&gt; or i.;^° the Zrl
-closesa.'.rr«i'
are Iiot ,|P giv^^blarl "'^bgnantc "
S!"b
that 30^f
bours, which is -,
ti''
injecctru

Injection

"I may add that, so far -as "Js
i
TeZ
' •'nlb-'c effective
small
generally proved

,e?er.lc"af--curative
arf^
Permaneavv , ^„„p|icatiOoa
Avoidance
Reduction

of

" diphtheric

Harmlessn

^tisease,

Prot^ ^eacr'^P^nted
^^00 units be
^PPa^Peut
has take'"'"!^"'®"''
'P the yy

'Phi,

Ct^ACTERIc DISTURBANCES-''
Desiccated Corpora ^"'•Zst''g'"'y

experimental and clinical
nave
established the follow'''^ (nc" .

j

,

iiViSoctctv 3-

Vfy
tJ'V

Rv-ra. 1,S,S&gt;3,y

The
author ofthis bookie'"gs o^.f
orcd to lighten the b" |.j,e s" it(
physician by condensing

l./llJ'iS

nf Cardio-vascular
nardio-Vascuiar disease "" |jg y-^
of
lr» order
itrrltar 1to
rt
mizedi freflfis#»
treatise in

I

..^S^

tionera clear understanding

^

to date, so that lie may haven
ing basis in this
ti line without
„

'

any specialist's services.
'•
treatise is essentially dia^^jiSgfA ;

"TrW- "

\a4Ai_

F''®in elaborate discussion of y &gt;1^, i

-fand
en
ei
nost'C

prog"?^."'^
val"" "
'
subject is also ' 'Oilev

e'f.l'r.fin
the iTfci-'/ac"^
pressure- u ndpoint of
of the
I't®-

treatise is
from the stunoi^^-ie
sta
om for '^corytheory.
irninet-Jroom

exB^i^'Z'

4,Vine WD

A

j whethC

gs,

doses i

l

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g'.

"^Ity af '^nse contaiy
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at ^00 units will secure !

CO,

„yortaht&gt;'-,„,ps
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,et wa" .ll'^urilVetaP'

^ Pl^ce and im-

^ttato y' '^biidren"^® condition is

patients."
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the Tyr„ 1 P5""anent ill

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^

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• Jostle .

SicarH

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as yo'ur tas?' ^ehow, brown, or P'" i
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'Rink^of ®ay run. It is a
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e-ifr-"H "Ot becoarc;,.
'-«UU

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tablet 1.10

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/ emetine,
whiVii
Jf
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which
/ current

'

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^ not know '1

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e ' /° be n)
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cal

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&lt;2-fc-*_e.

^

the use of vaccine in "COLDS.
By A. \v. LESCOHIER, M.D..
B'ological
ological Department, Parke, Davis &amp;Compamy.

cine tha't'Va^s'^'^tl
'•

'

no other 'bacterial
^ctorial varvac- prophylaxis and specific treatment of
wide field of these conditions, stands preeminent in
"ectiveness. It is constituted of

'I

1

'

'J-^^

jresentini? the various bacteria
Uiis group of infections (M-

Clo-rj ict_

Bact. pneumonia;, pneumo-

rtococci, stapliylococci, influ-

—-—

and diphtheroids). The cul-

Jecfciv*%
^'o'e on tCSov"'^ R°binson, M d'''^ m®"'' —
^fA-e et. e^A

tas been carefully thought out

Itiated
atccl by
oy years
years of
m
bacteriou.,,-,-.The selection of individual

v

1-

. .--1
r-t-yf till \' COH"
been 1based
on carefully
con-

I
P'"ent I offer

ni.gatioii, insuring antigens of
possible iniinuiiizing capacity,
iized in
connection tliat
"^cd
in this
tins conneci.ou

{'o'* '"^H as sncZ '^'"P'°'ns of a coM

salicylafe ""('"'""s. cough.

include the proper
proper organisms,

every iwo°l ''"""'°nia and
close, in cam,.l ""'
fo"r

high in their antigcmc propiffl-rent cultures of the same

Had eoids

foilowinE f, k •'"''"y femedies
As soon
, '"='"8 »He best I k

7*c

I

•^^ny^in?'® '^'"P

i

\rv-t-XA_j^ &lt;t-ZiA^.-a^lC^ —

!

Si"!
^'a'rf'b

M ciw
^.1.W-^r^)L(j[

If h* k°'"' as an
I with
''r ^ child

&lt;r.u- ^
( t ^

&lt; J j

.^-

uw.

p,,

' "°vv.

°ne-half agrain

^ V5U^ -X'
yj''

!

manTferL'^ 'He

S've from 5

V'i

determine
' •
•-&gt; that
that the
the individual
individual

ary
widely in tiieir value as
agents.

u'""'5~y"iir.

8dppe°
cold may si
®^Hcy]ate
or nn
the b ^
vvard
off
oaffein.
P^^u-nonia.
In
L ^'""'"3 ,b„
ef
ere.-,,!!."®
Ifir th..""f 7Of ereatiy
Wf? Verv "seJul ^"y. event.
^cnt.' th^

nous factors
®"ut'
1acute colds, two stand out

'^Hcylaie ! P'a'e. for""^

resistance which certa

ca'ifer:

Puitin

TWO FACTORS.

.paramount importance,

phen"

fe toward the group of^tec^

A^b'!? '"

'-LSJ'?, giL'Sh, or

((WLe.;

ll,

nt in prciiaring
a vaccine
preparing such
such avaccme

l®''P' °P»="e dose ' °"=&lt;'als.
ir '-8:r:n"5=: coi^'ii?rtp=ppettt'u°^T-'

r^' 'Piri,"l^fcine and"

:

A

Irrt-f.
il JSL
Ha,h!'t^f. '^mueb

SA'"",
couobn &lt;"• -

bo
tfcrent colds- aftog^^

Phyj °a a Ion„ 'C' dtyina fk°"V°'®d by , k Y^^cr,

Tod
tKe
be

.1,1 ^

^ r,

'"'•ofotm

*"®^bfast _.

..-

'roorganisms ma.v " .&lt;„tch"

opoi"«. 'f.
s".- -

*"6 be concon-

i®*

r

cpq tllG

Ml

T'

•».
r

Parts f r°''®'cd zin

*^0

rbcation.

^'76^°Hol°^ At
l^-chwo?/c"^«'
«c. 4toare,
theseofoutstanda^S
first,
Y" ^attended
catarrhal in'"Haler ^jcs
of ac^®
ppy colds

-ocs.

^Clne Qr,rryU•^ined,

- V,~ ,
in

the

ment resurt*.

yj&amp;S-JLjL

^ i^

-o«,_nding classes

"T"

nusual
r from' unusual

involve-

virulence of

�S^

JU^

// /

-

the use of vaccine in "COLDS."

C^c&gt;3ue^ ff;;£.\jf3.cL€^'

By A. W. LESCOHIER. M.D..

Biological Department. Parke, Davis &amp; Company.

t

If

cine th^t ^has^"^tibacterial vac"scfulness as r ?
bined. The m f

C£-#ts_

''ckl of
Vaccine Coin-

°"'cr common inTerr^
•"espiratory
••espiratory tnns

ctions of the "PPcr
upper

Vemendously ;1 constitutes a^ ..-.o.i,
problem
"°l^ic as well ""P""''ant from au ecotrcmr...j./. ^ct constitiitPQ
-

^ ptibli
public

poiiit.

the od quarterly

a';Tr;;erd
^rve^Tdm^ in
"pound tinclure of iodine.
Painting tHe chest w m
P
^
lurpen.ine
or lubbing •' ^"^„^?"f^ent. is useful, and either one
and compound

may he employed, accor

?V
i

^

OA C^jAmtL]

^*a-&lt;''Ai^ ;~

I

CWLe.1^
CWv^ tuA-

localized pam in

a is often most com-

die only drug to be use

by a growing

y mid-

cities,

nu.^ces
suit of r' P'a

continually absent
of ^"'Vnually
absent

siness as the re-

hypodermic tablets,

.The

Will
21
tioh "oe

forly-eigbt hours, in

str-.

'y .

of'^ and J ^ nneasure which

atid"^,
'

n ^'Cal p. .' Wlatcd.

There is

a"itelligent-

tlie highest possible

"fthat

ItIt is recognized in this connccUon ttat

it is important in preparing ^"*^'
not only to include tiie proper

,15105,
^ ,

but also to determine that 'be 'nd'udua^
strains are high in their an igt
erties. for different cultures of the^s.
organisms vary widely 1" 'c
immunizing agents.
TWO FACTORS.

Of the various factors
ceptihility to acute

out '
jgnce: one

as
uemg of i~'
as being
parainoim , • i, certain
certain "•in,p of ^acbacis the low resistance wi
j:...m,...Io i,pv.&gt;
towara um.'' the existence
.-ctpnce
dividuals
have tow^cd.tn
dividuals
have
teria concerned;
the o ,cnsils, g_.,istencc
teeth, ot

teria concerned; the o 1
of focal infection m tne

or

susceptible to
&gt;«

sucli bacterial &gt;n^octio
sudr^t^;;;:!
fcr from recurrent
..r-zant

1.

^^^tinually sufuhough
the
^ « _ pc_

C01U»&gt;

be es^

Colleges, tell me a. funeral march mak- -ws^ad, and

•

no other reason than

mal resistance.

^

In addition to tlies

of
01 cases,
casca, there
.•
, are. r

Sor-, ^oat +u
^rh;'ai V''Wis4.

^ecipe o

*^®nTected '

focus as the result ot ^
ppqn the
t°^^ard con- factors,
factors, and
anu *hgbt
^
P
,
t-icces
slightest provoca 10^ outstanding r.^.ges

£ ^^°nblef

thTVpsVaph out
»- •a'"

trolled investigation, insuriitg an 'Sy .

Those who are un

S?.
&lt;:?"ll
lotion lhes/° ^long^,

^•$if;"th:th'rt'ornru:rrX; you are m^kmg

7/

,

strains lias been based on carcfullj con

accessory sinuses.

USEp

Nci^nt Ci °\'ercstirl?"' ^'"'^atment, cat.

.»•! *•

Soft Music Best For Cows.-A writer in New

°^i;ly^£rmi.rrrlratefof

'f

tural basis has been carefully tbt&gt;"S''A^
and substantiated by years of ac e
logic study. The selection of tnCytdual

niicroorganis^.'-^
"eaten
^he invading
invading
nbcroorganism^
» tch '
pecially
virulent
slight
e-xposureScat"'!
^Iso
intec'^2'^ elhs
'
"
=b
also
^^^arrhal
infecpecially
virulent
"L
.• ti° P°®®osses
possesses demoncold
jack nnorcold as
as the
the result fo - ,bey lack
nor
^Ui,;'^ k "^Pcy in
demon

liquid nourishment during
marked weakany event, if there is no
i i; otlmulant, as brandy
ness supervenes, the best a co
,^vell-made black

;:iri-d\r "rm^^o-ng't';

cocci. streptococci, staphylococtm m u

enza haciili. and diphtheroids).

of in-

•"'ug six months
iths of
of
one..^^Ib wn-.^
tho'nr"^
of
"om
had colds,
colds.
colds,
th,leir • •
Were P^'al'on ''^d

intpmallv is Uncture of stro-

;£•
".M rtSiA&gt;
symptoms.—The M-cdical Forlnigf^.

catarriialis, Bact. pneumonia?, pneumo-

vuuiioinic
economic

^ercei-cars^'f^
in ®^So by
by a'sur;Z.l
tht
conducted
icted a
a
CornWas
f
°"c
of
our
^^°^'•d
of
Comme
ound n,., . ^'Re eastern cities.

lould develop,

eating and drinking f

"=-

in
'OSS i ft
'ew vep..by p o

phanlbus under ibe
^ fever" is good teacbing,
^somewhat
"Stuff
cold andeven
starve
"Stuff amoYfied.
cold
starve^
to a ^ ^ „j„;cp moderate
j

irSkSws

""•"•'un of tli„:

point of cfTectivcness. It is constituted o

antigens representin.g the various bacteria
related to this group of infections (M-

'O'cation

a. If the creosote odor

or whisky. v'ith ^smYl cupful of ho . w^

CcyvtA c)Lc/y

"f the

li «5s

symptoms have greatly , P j Hea by the addition of
i -J objectionable It
modihed
compound tincture .^lyesiris or oleum pmi pumiho.
pine, like oleum pmi sy faithfully carried out. will.
1 The preceding directions, ta
y
hortest, most
agreeable temmation.

bas been di

more or

Jor'e" or less continuously until the

1; I Crml/ believe, bring

hcaltli stand-

J^'^'ldren pj^^'^ctions.
'««iio"s °V"°"
•

fortlng especially at e (""'r with cough, and pam in
If there is a marke • -jj^a upon, and warm mihe chest, bed should be i
^
shov\&lt;i
be begun and kept

CUw^ 1

g

iitl

only
tivir^ '^ciiig hut'^ "Uportance not onlv
Acutf Jd
iuclu.^trial ac'frcqu ''"atcd from^'^'^J"^'^'"'^ individ-

,l,o convenience or choice

ihe chest, the use of me electric p

halations of j'^'f

C-

M

of the patjent. »

••••»

,.bghtlj
ybe pagj
"flly,
JoTook ut"'^i
colds
""^^'oidablc, but ,w" ^
unpleasant,
Paniments
"'ments of
nf o.
thA' ^'cy serious
serious accomacrom-

r\J^ dc

^-uJ^ JiiT- I

•

prophylaxis and specific treatment of
these' conditions, stands predniinent m

tubes

..

'-omhined,

.•

•

in

the

ment resulting from «

V"

T. -grJS^'

;;

'/-j;
c. ^foz.

ratarrha
..podeo

-

spread epidemics of
often atte .
?P-'l.«::coV)uedSvo.ve-

3-iTecti(

^""onchial

the w

acuie

�» r
THERAPEUTIC NOTES

some one of these respiratory organisms,

when the treatment is instituted early.

especially the streptococcus.

There is perhaps no other measure which

Individuals whose susceptibility to acute
catarrhal infections is definitely attribu

is so successful in breaking up acute

table to low resistance constitute the ideal

cc to V2 cc of Catarrhal Vaccine Com

"colds" as a prompt injection of from 14

group of patients for bacterial immuniza

tion.

bined, associated with prompt medical

The rationale of building up a

measures directed toward the reduction of
the initial congestion.

protective immunity under such conditions

is obvious, and the intelligent use of

Injections should be repeated every 48

Catarrhal Vaccine will usually bring

hours with a somewhat larger dose. This

about the desired result.

It is not un
usual for an individual who has suffered

will often be successful in "breaking up
the cold." If necessary to give further

almost constantly from recurrent colds to
escape for months, or even for an entire
winter, after systematic treatment with

treatment, subsequent injections should

In the other class of cases, especially

that no untoward reaction attends the ad

those having diseased tonsils, vaccine

ministration of the vaccine.

therapy is not offered as a substitute for

The injection of 4 to G doses of Catar
rhal Vaccine Combined under such cir

proper surgical procedures. It does, however, constitutG va.lu3,blG 3.cljunctivc treat
ment. Immunization prior to tonsillec-

increased

^

be made at 48-hour intervals, increasing
the dose
cc with each injection up to
a final dose of 1 cc, assuming, of course,

the vaccine.

tomy establishes

•V

'•--Ti

cumstances not only shortens the duration

of the infectious process, but also re
duces the danger of complications.

resistance

which renders the likelihood of complicat
ing infections more remote. It also pro
motes rapid convalescence. Postoperative

GENERAL TREATMENT.

k.\

The administration of vaccine should,
of course, be associated with general sup

vaccine treatment is usually effective in

clearing up the residual infections which
often result from long-standing tonsillar
disease. As an aid in controlling infec

porting and stimulating agents during the
first few days of the attack, and through
out the course of the disease the indica

tion in those cases in which operation for

tions for expectorants, alkalies, local ap

any reason must be deferred, or is re

plications, laxatives, etc., should be met.
It is only by a sensible combination of all

fused, the vaccine fulfills an important
indication.

i

...-

•1 T.^r,

the remedial measures available that the

AS A PROPHYLACTIC.

•" M'--

best results can be obtained.

Administered for prophylactic purposes
the usual treatment consists of six iniec'

In the treatment of subacute and
chronic
catarrhal infections, the doses
tions given at intervals of from three to
and intervals are comparable to those
previously stated in connection with pro
Vtcc, and subsequent dosesthird
cc andIt phylactic immunization (14 cc to 1 cc
H
1 cc each.
IS sometimes necessary to modify the in at three to five day intervals). In chronic
creases m dosage if considerable systemic cases. It is ordinarily necessary to con
tinue the treatment over a longer period
reaction or even an unusually severe S
reactmn follows the injectiLs. Marked of time, often 8 to 12 injections being

reaction indicates that the dose sho^S
6 increased, or even that it cL

slightly decreased. In the ma*
cases, however the

May be safely 'given.

t.

«=&gt; ^

i

necessary to obtain the desired results

It must be borne in mind that the
chronicity may be attributable to condi
tions requiring surgical treatment. Per
manently satisfactory results cannot be

r

majority of

^®"Sgested above

application"
of Catarrhal
bined are equallv caf f
^vith benefit b an

u

1

expected from vaccine therapy in patients

having infected foci, or suffering from

Vaccine Com-

infections o'S uLer%?"°"^

^s used

--times with striking e£re7peSS
70

*

1^3;

-T

I

;i

•

. I'll

...JW • -

:

�^ /dro

./
%

/S,^

Ca.^ C^-AAy

I:,

j|^

t

^'TJ£Z^-€.e,^^
•I

(^&gt;rAn^ (T'o^kZ,

—/? c^ ^ c^ ^&lt;1^, /^

CtT^JtAU-/

t

aCs-

-

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—

Bronchitis

Jtri

Has been defined by a recent astute
observer as "a local manifestation of
that characteristic lack of vital force

^0

which is manifested by defective nutrition, deficient function, and im
perfect development." Obviously, this manifestation, carried to the
extreme, cannot but be hazardous; hence pathologists speak of bron
chitis as invariably and unquestionably a threat of pulmonary con

sumption. In its own degree it lowers tissue-nutrition, and the local

derangement should bring into the viewpoint of the practitioner the
approved means of raising that nutrition. The bronchial infirmity
persists in being recognized as a tendency toward consumption, inas
much as it disposes the lungs to the condition where the pathogenicorganisms are not repelled. It is therefore that it is the part of wis
dom to treat bronchitis on the very same principle on which pulmonary

consumption is treated, and much the same as though it published itself
as the initial stage in that malady. It is therefore that the McArthur
Chemically Pure Syrup of the Hypophosphites—for more than thirty
years the reliable remedy for tuberculosis—is being so successfully
prescribed for acute, semi-acute and chronic bronchitis.

Were we to

regard it as, primarily, a cough syrup, and were we to prescribe it as

such, it would soon do away with the "cough syrups" which depend
upon the opiates or some other equally reprehensible ingredient. It

seems to physicians of experience, that, independent of its larger and

A? zr-

'-.7

^

Liq A

, Syr

abat^, the rhonchal fremitus disappears, the dry and paroxysmal
cough is lost, the tight oppression is overcome, the expectoration is
accelerated, and one by one the characteristic symptoms disappear.
Again, ^fter the attack of bronchitis, during the period of convales-

Nitrosi

A

Ac. Nitric! Dil

5iv

Tinct. Belladonna

t,

Ac. Salicylic!

two or

two

» first stage.
v.'"' :^"Iph. *
. An

•bq; ^'8.-

^^^spoonfui

Sig.—Rub well in over
back of chest.

every third

Cough Mixtures

Syr

Vini Ipecac

Tinct. Opii Deodrat

cac

• .aa 3jss
3j

^ene.gas

Su ^'Pioni

IS

Syrupi Tolutani.. •
thrice daily.

three

Jfen

a.

Ammonii carbonatis

•&gt; Aca~" ^^"iphorat
(N® Of
^blesrv^ r
Of
onful t.d. In first
• It -J^rditr^
®h
bronchitis.

•Xol

Fluidextracti Glycyr ad jvj
^
Aqua destillatffi .••d- nful every
M. Sig. - Dessertspoo:
four hours.

to do in

this

en, is to clean

^Pure Cast'^or^^'^Oil, which

^rip,

dausieate

or repeat.

R Mist. Glycyrrn

Syr. Pruni Virginian® ^

Dilute

. .aa 5ss

Syrupi

3ss

daiiy^^®®P°onful thrlL

or

M. Sig.-A
hours
V

o&lt;

^

IT

T5

~yT"

Pruni

ginianae

5vj

V

.j^ren.

BAcidi Hydrocyanici

^rontaV ....

''rr-ct (

^wo yea",

larger doses for oHer ^

^iv.^"^lutan.,

Sij

Tolutani
Syr. Tolutani
' fuj three or
.qspoom
M. Sig.—Half teaspo
for infantSi tea-

spoonful doses at one

oae.

pulmonarj-

,1
Co.

four times aany

*

.®Ro

cases

,.

Ammonii Bronndi •••;•

*

"1 arrested

*

R Ammonii chloridi

Pot

Murosis

,

M. Sig.—A teaspoonful

m

,/^erculosis.

_

R Spiritus ^theris Nitrosi..^q

... 31,

% Of'^Pchiti^

(Over)

four times

5i
R lodex (Ung. lodi M. &amp;J.)front and

3ij
3ii
Q- s. ad 5iv

forward, express prepaid, one regular bottle, one dollar size.

Ansonia, Conn.

water

bronchitis.

.gr, V

ipecac
Syr. Acid

^ojtifies the system, as well as completes the repair.
Upon receipt of fifty cents in stamps, we shall be pleased to
THE McARTHUR HYPOPHOSPHITE CO.,

ad jiv

.^quK Camphorae, qM. Sig.—Dessertspoon

more pronounced reputation, it is to be regarded as quite ideal as a
cough syrup. There is certainly no other like it, no other that is re
constructive and tissue-building, tonic and vitalizing, systemic in effect

as well as in local action. By its tonic action it refreshes the whole
system, and at the same time repairs the local disorder. The fever

R Potassii lodidi

fossil Tart.gr. ii

Vir-

'-

ntxlviu

jjij

••"" j g^gry

for irritable coug

-e*A.

�B
l •,
I'.

Has been defined Iarecent astute

observer as "a Id'; *f manifestation of

I wl 1*^1 11 LIO that characteristiq' ick of vital force

which is manifested by defective nutrition, deficij' | function, and im

perfect development." Obviously, this manifesl ion, carried to the

extreme, cannot but be hazardous; hence pathol' fsts speak of bron

chitis as invariably an/? nnauestionably a threal 'of pulmonary con

sumption. In its own' ^ Patient is dry'an'cfSV ijtion, and the local
derangement should b'^^iniend a dailv

approved m^ns of rathe normal texture a^d^!' '
persists m being reco§

much as it disposes t{,

Doct

^

' '

Pat:

organisms are not rep

dom to treat bronchitl^^'oin spreading the toe&lt; '/ f
^

^

iA- L

XIKJ L

1

consumption is treatecoperation.

yS-o—iyf ^

"You must be ca

,sticity

Tho

l

as the initial stage inon may resnlf

f

f to
|,t fpt
|' [

Chemically Pure Syri

Lrwan

wid

ye.

y wan direction fer it to «"•"

i

O-P

"I had an experience

which

•"ade.me lose my nerv®

"Dea:'r me I What was it ?
years the reliable r'
*
L^
prescribed for acute,b first apply comn^. i' 1
seance with my dentist."
regard it as, primaril the lesinn
i ^
?ncture
such, it would sooniocoon d '.^Pply silvf
Pre
•°m what* we *have *observef' W
upon the opiates
^^-essing. TwoJ ' JT' life
j °of f dentist seems to be J"'
seems to physicians
wril] serve to cd' /
°^dy grind.
vriijil,

more pronounced

W«4»

complete granuh

cough syrup. Then
constructive and tissi. ,

*

on.

.

cufl^ ^?®''Plexed, binding a

,'l

as well as in local ^^|°Ped in the nail' -n

system, and at the '

, nurse
''and):would
"I wonder
^a «gular
do i"

overlying the • L

abates, the rhonch^ pressure and exn '• s
COUfh is
is lost,
lost the
tbp t^r
• the
..
P9&gt; '
cough
jer cent., in

accelerated, and o:e to ei^ht

Again, after the ati^

removed.
cence, the Syrup f/y
f''"'^ removed.

Upon rec'

*

(eagerly) : "Marry the

f-

'nstruct

^A /

^isu

W; L

^

or course."

i /

forward, express puld too much^' -ri
Inhere calW ^
tion of the nr h,

^««oved
the

less trou^ /•'

absolutely

such proph3t

^

the

' "^^^sures can

'ingg With
with salt water.?*'
Qi .
•"****• vvaierr"

Skipper; "Yes, I've been
*

Ifn/eresfs ofyo\

^oi

''°®d SIX times."

&gt;h' '« «•'

*

phone):

H^te^l"/ ^J®''e? YesVthis

Writing;—

Mrs M
o'cU^u

'&lt; 0"'
Well, well',. ue&lt;.

What'-f •i
"- r Two of 'em?
"nw/e
that.?

sit."" w£

up receiver)
"what &amp;°J\
that? vr,c

oJ A of
smashed 'I

Mrs.
nngci"
sway „ ®morning and fainted

^oor this
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                  <text>In 2013, the Robert L. Brown History of Medicine Collection, located within the University at Buffalo's (UB) Health Sciences Library, acquired the collection of Dr. Homer T. Jackson (1846-1926), an upstate New York physician and UB alumnus who practiced medicine in the rural village of Verona, NY during the late 19th century. The collection includes medical instruments and equipment, personal items, handwritten notebooks, photographs and postcards.&#13;
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                  <text>The Work of a Country Doctor: Digitized Notebooks, Photographs, and Ephemera of Doctor Homer T. Jackson, M.D.</text>
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                  <text>In 2013, the Robert L. Brown History of Medicine Collection, located within the University at Buffalo's (UB) Health Sciences Library, acquired the collection of Dr. Homer T. Jackson (1846-1926), an upstate New York physician and UB alumnus who practiced medicine in the rural village of Verona, NY during the late 19th century. The collection includes medical instruments and equipment, personal items, handwritten notebooks, photographs and postcards.&#13;
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                  <text>Jackson, Homer Truman, M.D.</text>
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                  <text>Kenneth Feltch. M.D.</text>
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                <text>H.T. Jackson M.D. 304 East 26th St. New York Notes</text>
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                <text>Notebook 12” x 5”  Inside page: Dec. 11th 1883  H.T. Jackson M.D. 304 East 26th St. New York Notes. University Medical College and Bellevue Hosp. Med. Coll. E 26th St. New York City 1883-84    
- 121 handwritten pages on notes taken by Dr. Jackson in his classes at U. Med. College and Bellevue Hosp. during 1883-1884.  In the front is Dr. Jackson’s class schedule listing his professors and the last 3 pages are an index he created for his notes.</text>
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                  <text>The Work of a Country Doctor: Digitized Notebooks, Photographs, and Ephemera of Doctor Homer T. Jackson, M.D.</text>
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                  <text>In 2013, the Robert L. Brown History of Medicine Collection, located within the University at Buffalo's (UB) Health Sciences Library, acquired the collection of Dr. Homer T. Jackson (1846-1926), an upstate New York physician and UB alumnus who practiced medicine in the rural village of Verona, NY during the late 19th century. The collection includes medical instruments and equipment, personal items, handwritten notebooks, photographs and postcards.&#13;
&#13;
Thanks to a grant from the Middle Atlantic Region of the&#13;
National Network of Libraries of Medicine (NN/LM), Dr. Jackson's medical treatments and procedures, pharmacologic formularies, UB medical school class notes, and his notes and reactions to professional literature have been digitized and added to the University Libraries' Digital Collections.</text>
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                  <text>Jackson, Homer Truman, M.D.</text>
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                  <text>Kenneth Feltch. M.D.</text>
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                <text>Notebook, 5 5/8” x 3.5” “Stock Prescriptions”  Inside cover: Formulas of Stock Prescriptions August 1,  1898 H.T. Jackson    &#13;
- 18 Handwritten pages of formulas for preparing prescriptions to treat a variety of ailments.      &#13;
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            <name>Creator</name>
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                <text>Jackson, Homer Truman, M.D.</text>
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            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
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                <text>Kenneth Feltch. M.D.</text>
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            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
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                <text>R.L.Brown History of Medicine Collection, Health Sciences Library, University at Buffalo</text>
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                <text>Jackson, Homer Truman, M.D.</text>
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            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
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                <text>1898</text>
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                <text>Text, Notebook</text>
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            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
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                <text>&lt;a href="https://rightsstatements.org/page/NoC-US/1.0/"&gt;NO COPYRIGHT – UNITED STATES&lt;/a&gt;. The organization that has made the Item available believes that the Item is in the Public Domain under the laws of the United States, but a determination was not made as to its copyright status under the copyright laws of other countries. The Item may not be in the Public Domain under the laws of other countries. Please refer to the organization that has made the Item available for more information. Contact the &lt;a href=https://library.buffalo.edu/historyofmedicine&gt;History of Medicine Collection&lt;/a&gt; with questions.</text>
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